This study investigated collaborative groundwater‐flow modeling and scenario analysis in the Little Plover River basin, Wisconsin, USA where an unconfined aquifer supplies groundwater for agricultural irrigation, industrial processing, municipal water supply, and stream baseflow. We recruited stakeholders with diverse interests to identify, prioritize, and evaluate scenarios defined as management changes to the landscape. Using a groundwater flow model, we simulated the top 10 stakeholder‐ranked scenarios under historically informed dry, average, and wet weather conditions and evaluated the ability of scenarios to meet government‐defined stream flow performance measures. Results show that multiple changes to the landscape are necessary to maintain optimum stream flow, particularly during dry years. Yet, when landscape changes from three scenarios—transferring water from the local waste water treatment plant to basin headwaters, moving municipal wells further from the river and downstream, and converting 240 acre (97 ha) of irrigated land to unirrigated land—were simulated in combination, the probability of meeting or exceeding optimum flows rose to 75, 65, and 34% at upper, mid, and lower stream gages, respectively, in dry climate conditions. Discussions with stakeholders reveal that the collaborative model and scenario analysis process resulted in social learning that built upon the existing complex and dynamic institutional landscape. The approach provided a forum for solution‐based discussions, and the model served as an important mediation tool for the development and evaluation of community‐defined scenarios in a high conflict environment. Today, stakeholders continue to work collaboratively to overcome challenges and implement voluntary solutions in the basin.
Cisco (Coregonus artedi) and lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) are native fish species of management concern in the Laurentian Great Lakes that often overlap in spawning locations and timing. Thus, species-level inference from in situ sampling requires methods to differentiate their eggs. Genetic barcoding and hatching eggs to visually identify larvae are used but can be time and cost intensive. Observations in published literature indicate that lake whitefish eggs may be larger than cisco eggs in the Great Lakes, but this has not yet been substantiated. Samples from shared spawning grounds are unlikely to contain similarly sized or colored eggs from other species. Thus, we assessed whether lake whitefish and cisco eggs could be separated based on size alone. Fertilized, hardened eggs were collected in situ during spawning at Elk Rapids, Lake Michigan and Chaumont Bay, Lake Ontario and preserved in ethanol. Individual eggs were measured and genetically identified. Mean diameter for cisco (2.45 mm, SD = 0.22, n = 444) was smaller than for lake whitefish (3.21 mm, SD = 0.20, n = 99). We used classification trees to identify a species-separating size threshold of 2.88 mm (95% bootstrap CI = [2.877, 2.976]), which classified eggs with an accuracy rate of 96%. Differences between species across other samples from the same locations were mostly consistent with the threshold size, but we suggest validation if applying this method to other populations. Separation of cisco and lake whitefish eggs by diameter can be accurate, efficient, and especially suitable for large sample sizes.
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0000-0002-3792-9345","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3792-9345","contributorId":242991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chalupnicki","given":"Marc","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":833969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dey, Kristopher","contributorId":275305,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dey","given":"Kristopher","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":33110,"text":"Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Herbert, Matthew","contributorId":275306,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Herbert","given":"Matthew","affiliations":[{"id":7041,"text":"The Nature Conservancy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70207411,"text":"cir1463 - 2020 - Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Units program—2019 year in review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-14T06:16:40","indexId":"cir1463","displayToPublicDate":"2020-02-13T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1463","displayTitle":"Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Units Program—2019 Year in Review","title":"Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Units program—2019 year in review","docAbstract":"Dear Cooperators:
Members of the Cooperative Research Units are pleased to provide you with the “2019 Year in Review” report for the Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Units (CRUs). You will first note that this report looks a little different than those published in the past few years, as we opted for a shorter, more concise format this year. Inside you will find brief descriptions of just a few highlighted activities of unit scientists, students, and cooperators in support of our joint mission. Because of the shorter format, we are not able to include activities from every unit or State, but rest assured that we continue to value the great work that all of you do across the country and around the world.
In fiscal year 2019, the CRU program was very productive despite challenging conditions, including budget uncertainty, a month-long furlough, and hiring delays. John Organ, Chief of the CRU program, retired in January 2019. The process to replace John was delayed several times, but as I write this, the position has been announced on the Federal Government recruitment site. I am hopeful that by the time you read this, we will have a new permanent chief. Congress provided an increase of $1 million in our allocation for the express purpose of filling some of the vacancies in our scientific workforce. Since receiving that increase, the management team has been working to fill vacancies.
The program is fortunate to have excellent research scientists, dedicated leadership, and an outstanding administrative staff. However, our accomplishments depend on the tremendous support from all of you. We look forward to a productive 2020.
John D. Thompson
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1463","usgsCitation":"Thompson, J.D., Dennerline, D.E., and Childs, D.E., 2020, Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Units program—2019 year in review: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1463, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1463.","productDescription":"vi, 22 p.","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-111488","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":372261,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/gip195","text":"General Information Product 195","linkHelpText":" - Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Units Program—2019 Year in Review Postcard"},{"id":372274,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1463/cir1463.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.27 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Circular 1463"},{"id":372259,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1463/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.8046875,\n 47.754097979680026\n ],\n [\n -124.8046875,\n 43.89789239125797\n ],\n [\n -124.45312499999999,\n 40.04443758460856\n ],\n [\n -120.58593749999999,\n 33.87041555094183\n ],\n [\n -117.68554687499999,\n 32.91648534731439\n ],\n [\n -114.78515624999999,\n 32.54681317351514\n ],\n [\n -108.6328125,\n 31.052933985705163\n ],\n [\n -105.556640625,\n 31.353636941500987\n ],\n [\n -103.271484375,\n 29.22889003019423\n ],\n [\n -101.25,\n 29.38217507514529\n ],\n [\n -97.119140625,\n 25.48295117535531\n ],\n [\n -96.064453125,\n 28.613459424004414\n ],\n [\n -92.98828125,\n 28.92163128242129\n ],\n [\n -89.296875,\n 29.22889003019423\n ],\n [\n -84.55078125,\n 29.53522956294847\n ],\n [\n -82.001953125,\n 26.43122806450644\n ],\n [\n -80.771484375,\n 25.16517336866393\n ],\n [\n -79.8046875,\n 26.115985925333536\n ],\n [\n -81.2109375,\n 29.6880527498568\n ],\n [\n -80.771484375,\n 31.87755764334002\n ],\n [\n -75.498046875,\n 35.460669951495305\n ],\n [\n -74.970703125,\n 38.47939467327645\n ],\n [\n -72.50976562499999,\n 40.713955826286046\n ],\n [\n -69.78515625,\n 41.50857729743935\n ],\n [\n -70.400390625,\n 42.4234565179383\n ],\n [\n -69.345703125,\n 43.58039085560784\n ],\n [\n -66.533203125,\n 45.521743896993634\n ],\n [\n -67.8515625,\n 47.100044694025215\n ],\n [\n -69.43359375,\n 47.39834920035926\n ],\n [\n -71.54296874999999,\n 44.96479793033101\n ],\n [\n -75.05859375,\n 44.96479793033101\n ],\n [\n -78.837890625,\n 43.83452678223682\n ],\n [\n -83.3203125,\n 41.902277040963696\n ],\n [\n -81.9140625,\n 43.70759350405294\n ],\n [\n -82.44140625,\n 45.583289756006316\n ],\n [\n -87.978515625,\n 48.40003249610685\n ],\n [\n -94.833984375,\n 49.26780455063753\n ],\n [\n -115.04882812499999,\n 49.26780455063753\n ],\n [\n -123.134765625,\n 48.980216985374994\n ],\n [\n -123.48632812499999,\n 48.3416461723746\n ],\n [\n -124.892578125,\n 48.516604348867475\n ],\n [\n -124.8046875,\n 47.754097979680026\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Units Program
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Mail Stop 303
Reston, VA 20192
Dear friends,
I invite you to take a look at U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1463, “Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Units Program—2019 Year in Review,” now available at https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1463. In this report, you will find details about the Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Units (CRU) program concerning fish and wildlife science, students, staffing, vacancies, research funding, outreach and training, awards, accolades, and professional services. You will also see examples of unit projects with information on how results have been or are being applied by our cooperators.
Throughout the year, keep up with our research projects at https://www1.usgs.gov/coopunits/Headquarters/.
Regards,
John D. Thompson
Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Units Program
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Mail Stop 303
Reston, VA 20192
Hellbenders Cryptobranchus alleganiensis are critically imperiled amphibians throughout the eastern USA. Rock-lifting is widely used to monitor hellbenders but can severely disturb habitat. We asked whether artificial shelter occupancy (the proportion of occupied shelters in an array) would function as a proxy for hellbender abundance and thereby serve as a viable alternative to rock-lifting. We hypothesized that shelter occupancy would vary spatially in response to hellbender density, natural shelter density, or both, and would vary temporally with hellbender seasonal activity patterns and time since shelter deployment. We established shelter arrays (n = 30 shelters each) in 6 stream reaches and monitored them monthly for up to 2 yr. We used Bayesian mixed logistic regression and model ranking criteria to assess support for hypotheses concerning drivers of shelter occupancy. In all reaches, shelter occupancy was highest from June-August each year and was higher in Year 2 relative to Year 1. Our best-supported model indicated that the extent of boulder and bedrock (hereafter, natural shelter) in a reach mediated the relationship between hellbender abundance and shelter occupancy. More explicitly, shelter occupancy was positively correlated with abundance when natural shelter covered <20% of a reach, but uncorrelated with abundance when natural shelter was more abundant. While shelter occupancy should not be used to infer variation in hellbender relative abundance when substrate composition varies among reaches, we showed that artificial shelters can function as valuable monitoring tools when reaches meet certain criteria, though regular shelter maintenance is critical.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research Science Publisher","doi":"10.3354/esr01014","usgsCitation":"Bodinof Jachowski, C.M., Ross, B., and Hopkins, W., 2020, Evaluating artificial shelter arrays as a minimally invasive monitoring tool for the hellbender Cryptobranchus alleganiensis: Endangered Species Research, v. 41, p. 167-181, https://doi.org/10.3354/esr01014.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"167","endPage":"181","ipdsId":"IP-107334","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":457730,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/esr01014","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":395435,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"upper Tennessee River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.50732421875,\n 36.56260003738545\n ],\n [\n -80.540771484375,\n 36.56260003738545\n ],\n [\n -80.540771484375,\n 37.26530995561875\n ],\n [\n -82.50732421875,\n 37.26530995561875\n ],\n [\n -82.50732421875,\n 36.56260003738545\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"41","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bodinof Jachowski, C. M.","contributorId":274670,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bodinof Jachowski","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":36967,"text":"Virginia Tech University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ross, Beth 0000-0001-5634-4951 bross@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5634-4951","contributorId":199242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"Beth","email":"bross@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":833212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hopkins, W.A.","contributorId":274671,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hopkins","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36967,"text":"Virginia Tech University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70215612,"text":"70215612 - 2020 - OpenCLC: An open-source software tool for similarity assessment of linear hydrographic features","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-26T14:47:58.968907","indexId":"70215612","displayToPublicDate":"2020-02-13T09:43:59","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5923,"text":"SoftwareX","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"OpenCLC: An open-source software tool for similarity assessment of linear hydrographic features","docAbstract":"The National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) is a foundational geospatial data source in the United States that enables extensive and diverse environmental research and supports decision-making in numerous contexts. However, the NHD requires regular validation and update given possible inconsistent initial collection and hydrographic changes. Furthermore, systems or tools that use NHD data must manage regular updates that occur within the high-resolution version of the NHD (NHD HR). This research contributes to filling this gap by establishing an open-source software tool named OpenCLC, which automatically identifies matching and mismatching line features between two sets of hydrographic flowlines. Aside from identifying differences among two version of NHD lines, results can be applied to improve the quality of NHD HR content. OpenCLC significantly outperforms the best available commercial off-the-shelf software in computational scalability, and it is made widely available as part of the CyberGIS Toolkit to benefit broad environmental and geospatial science communities.
Aim
Human development and agriculture can have transformative and homogenizing effects on natural systems, shifting the composition of ecological communities towards non-native and native species that tolerate or thrive under human-dominated conditions. These impacts cannot be fully captured by summarizing species presence, as they include dramatic changes to patterns of species abundance. However, how human land use patterns and species invasions intersect to shape patterns of abundance and dominance within ecological communities is poorly understood even in well-known taxa.
Location
Conterminous United States.
Time period
2010–2012.
Major taxa studied
Passeriformes.
Methods
We analyse continental-scale monitoring data to study the proportional abundance of non-native and native synanthropic species within passerine bird communities. Synanthropic species are those that benefit from an association with humans. We estimate how the amount and configuration of human development and agriculture relate to the degree to which human-associated species dominate passerine communities across the continent.
Results
Human-associated species comprised the majority of detected passerine individuals across two-thirds of bird surveys. Non-native and synanthropic species responded differently to land cover and reached highest relative abundance in different portions of the continent. The proportional abundance of synanthropic birds increased rapidly with development, but was not related to the configuration of land cover. The proportion of non-native individuals was higher when intensively-used land cover was more aggregated.
Main conclusions
Even low amounts of intensively-used lands were associated with a dramatic reshaping of passerine communities, with consequences for patterns of relative abundance across the continent.
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Accordingly, there is a recognized need for new methods and tools to help quantify the dynamic interaction between wild bird hosts and commercial poultry. Using satellite-marked waterfowl, we applied Bayesian joint hierarchical modeling to concurrently model species distributions, residency times, migration timing, and disease occurrence probability under an integrated animal movement and disease distribution modeling framework. Our results indicate that migratory waterfowl are positively related to AI occurrence over North America such that as waterfowl occurrence probability or residence time increase at a given location, so too does the chance of a commercial poultry AI outbreak. Analyses also suggest that AI occurrence probability is greatest during our observed waterfowl northward migration, and less during the southward migration. Methodologically, we found that when modeling disparate facets of disease systems at the wildlife-agriculture interface, it is essential that multiscale spatial patterns be addressed to avoid mistakenly inferring a disease process or disease-environment relationship from a pattern evaluated at the improper spatial scale. 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M.","contributorId":221170,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mullinax","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Soos, Catherine","contributorId":177909,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Soos","given":"Catherine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Link, Paul T.","contributorId":53611,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Link","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Walther, Patrick","contributorId":213915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walther","given":"Patrick","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":782262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Prosser, Diann J. 0000-0002-5251-1799 dprosser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5251-1799","contributorId":2389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prosser","given":"Diann","email":"dprosser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":782255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70223794,"text":"70223794 - 2020 - Quantifying harvestable fish and crustacean production and associated economic values provided by oyster reefs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-08T12:48:28.21585","indexId":"70223794","displayToPublicDate":"2020-02-13T07:46:06","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2926,"text":"Ocean and Coastal Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying harvestable fish and crustacean production and associated economic values provided by oyster reefs","docAbstract":"Quantifying ecosystem services can provide information to justify conservation and restoration decisions so as to allocate limited resources effectively. Consequently, decision makers and public typically ask for simple and understandable information with confidence regarding the availability of the services and the probable economic value. Here, we compiled published information on density enhancement and species life-history information to quantify fish and crustacean production and its uncertainty associated with the current extent of oyster (Crassostrea virginica) reefs in Mobile Bay, Alabama. We applied Alabama fishing size limits as a cutoff to exclude the production of non-harvestable size individuals. Fishery landing (2005–2015) and Willingness-To-Pay information were used to quantify the economic benefit of the harvestable production enhancement (commercial and recreational production). Sixteen species were found to be production-enhanced in the bay with a mean of 354 ± 182 g m−2 year−1, of which 170 ± 112 g m−2 year−1 was economically quantifiable based on their harvestable production and landing information. The mean economic value was $509,000 year−1 in direct economic value for commercial fishers and $19.59 million year−1 estimated by the willingnesstopay value from recreational anglers. The results demonstrated a substantial positive economic benefit of ecosystem services from oyster reefs associated with fishery production in Mobile Bay, Alabama. The method could be applied elsewhere to estimate the economic return from the investment of conserving and restoring of similar structured habitats.
The surface trace tool comprises a Python script written for ArcGIS that will determine the line of intersection between a planar feature and a surface. Specifically, this tool was designed for geologic applications where geologic planar-feature orientations are reported as strike and dip, and the intersecting surface is the ground. The tool output will show how planar geologic layers intersect with topography.
Determining where geologic features crop out on the surface can be used to guide new geologic mapping as well as reviewing existing geologic mapping. This tool was developed to aid in more efficient mapping of an unknown area. These unknown areas may be missing data, either owing to a lack of suitable outcrops or being difficult to traverse, and data about the areas may be extrapolated using this tool and surrounding data to determine where planar features might appear on the ground.
Director,
Geology, Minerals, Energy, & Geophysics Science Center
Menlo Park, California
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road
Menlo Park, CA 94025-3591
The North Branch Au Sable River, located in the northern lower peninsula of Michigan near Lovells, Michigan, has historically been known for its brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and its status as a blue ribbon trout stream; however, within the past few decades, there has been a decline in fish population. The objectives of this study were to assess if concentrations of organic chemicals were present in quantities in the North Branch Au Sable River that may potentially harm aquatic species and to establish current baseline concentrations of organic chemicals against which future data can be compared. Passive sampling technology was used to collect information on the concentration, occurrence, transport, and fate of organic chemicals; these samplers absorb dissolved organic chemicals in the river over several weeks, as the timing and intensity of pesticide applications and the frequency of storm events and irrigation can cause fluctuations in organic chemical loading to surface waters. The chemical classes investigated as part of this study included pesticides (both legacy [organochlorine] and current use), polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).
Passive samplers, including semipermeable membrane devices and polar organic chemical integrative samplers, were deployed at four locations along the North Branch Au Sable River, near Lovells, Mich., in June 2018 for a total of 28 days. Several organic chemicals were detected in the North Branch Au Sable River at low concentrations. Organic chemicals were detected at every sampling location on the North Branch Au Sable River; however, not all chemicals were detected at every location. The highest number of organic chemicals were detected at the most downstream sampling site (North Branch Au Sable River at Kellogg's Bridge), and the lowest number of organic chemicals were detected at the next site upstream (North Branch Au Sable River at Twin Bridge Road). The organic contaminants most frequently detected at all sampling locations include the legacy pesticides pentachloroanisole, trans-chlordane, p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane; the PBDE PBDE-28; and the PAHs 2-methylphenanthrene and perylene.
Organic chemical concentrations detected on the North Branch Au Sable River were below almost all water-quality benchmarks included in this report. However, low concentrations of organic chemicals may still pose a risk to aquatic organisms and throughout the trophic hierarchy because of low-dose additive and synergistic mixture effects, transgenerational effects, and a lack of established water-quality benchmarks for many organic chemicals. This report provides data on the current (2018) state of the North Branch Au Sable River and provided a baseline of organic contaminant data against which future data on the North Branch Au Sable River can be evaluated.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20205002","collaboration":"Prepared for the Mason-Griffith Founders Chapter of Trout Unlimited in cooperation with Lovells Township, Michigan","usgsCitation":"Brennan, A.K., and Alvarez, D.A., 2020, Evaluation of legacy and emerging organic chemicals using passive sampling devices on the North Branch Au Sable River near Lovells, Michigan, June 2018: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2020–5002, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20205002.","productDescription":"vi, 21 p.","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-112993","costCenters":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":399625,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_109682.htm"},{"id":372284,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5002/sir20205002.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.99 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2020–5002"},{"id":372283,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5002/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Crawford County","city":"Lovells","otherGeospatial":"North Branch Au Sable River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.6833,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -84.25,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -84.25,\n 44.65\n ],\n [\n -84.6833,\n 44.65\n ],\n [\n -84.6833,\n 45\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Upper Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
5840 Enterprise Drive
Lansing, MI 48911–4107
Cattail (Typha) is an iconic emergent wetland plant found worldwide. By producing an abundance of wind-dispersed seeds, cattail can colonize wetlands across great distances, and its rapid growth rate, large size, and aggressive expansion result in dense stands in a variety of aquatic ecosystems such as marshes, ponds, lakes, and riparian areas. Cattail can also quickly dominate disturbed areas with waterlogged soils such as roadside ditches, retention areas, and fringes of stormwater ponds. These dense stands impact local plant and animal life, biogeochemical cycling, and wetland hydrology, which in turn alter wetland functions. Over recent decades, the distribution and abundance of cattail in North America has increased as a result of human disturbances to natural water cycles and increased nutrient loads. In addition, highly competitive nonnative and hybrid taxa have worsened the rapid spread of cattail. Because cattail invasion and expansion often change wetlands in undesirable ways, wetland managers often respond with widespread management efforts, though these efforts may have short-lived or weak effects. Notwithstanding the negative impacts, cattail provides beneficial ecosystem services including the reduction of pollution through bioremediation and the production of biofuel material.
Despite the widespread distribution and invasive characteristics of cattail, a comprehensive review and synthesis of past and current research on cattail was lacking. To address this gap, a diverse team of researchers produced a paper that details the spread and management of cattail throughout North America, summarizing 4 decades of research from more than 650 references (Bansal and others, 2019). This fact sheet highlights the primary topics covered in the paper.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20193076","usgsCitation":"Bansal, S., Tangen, B., Lishawa, S., Newman, S., and Wilcox, D., 2020, A review of Cattail (Typha) invasion in North American wetlands: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2019-3076, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20193076.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-112132","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371754,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2019/3076/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":372286,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2019/3076/fs20193076.pdf","text":"Report","size":"15.3 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2019-3076"}],"contact":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
8711 37th Street Southeast
Jamestown, ND 58401-7317
Following the 2019 Ridgecrest, California, earthquake sequence, we compiled ground‐motion records from multiple data centers and processed these records using newly developed ground‐motion processing software that performs quality assurance checks, performs standard time series processing steps, and computes a wide range of ground‐motion metrics. In addition, we compute station and waveform metrics such as the time‐averaged shear‐wave velocity to 30 m depth (
Post-collisional potassic volcanic rocks on the Tibetan Plateau are widespread, but geologically young (<375 ka) volcanism suitable for 238U-230Th geochronology is rare on the plateau. The geologically young Ashikule volcanic field from northern Tibet offers an excellent opportunity for studying high-resolution timescales of magmatism in continental collision zones. Here we report U-Th crystallization ages of zircons from Ashishan volcano and Wulukeshan volcano within the Ashikule volcanic field. In this study, we have identified 3 pulses of zircon crystallization at circa 70 ka, 105 ka, and 290 ka for Ashishan volcanic rocks and 1 pulse of zircon crystallization at circa 115 ka for Wulukeshan. Comparison of high-resolution zircon crystallization ages of 70 ka and 105 ka with respective eruption ages indicate that the zircon crystal residence time for the Ashishan volcano is short (<5 kyr). The presence of 290-ka zircon in a different Ashishan lava flow suggests the 270-ka volcanic pulse previously reported for other volcanoes in Ashikule volcanic field also occurred at Ashishan. The zircon crystallization age of ~115 ka for Wulukeshan volcano suggests that Wulukeshan volcano erupted later than previously inferred. Similar zircon age spectrums of ~105–115 ka for Ashishan and Wulukeshan volcanoes suggest a common interconnected subsurface magma reservoir for these two young volcanoes during Pleistocene time. Our new high-resolution U-Th zircon age data reveal that post-collisional potassic magmas below northern Tibet erupted soon after their formation (<5 kyr), in spite of their passage through thick continental crust. The high abundance (~60%) of geologically old (>375 ka) zircons demands for crystal-scale isotope studies of the widespread post-collisional lavas in continental collision zones, as the complexities cannot be resolved by bulk analysis methods alone.
Many pathogens interact and evolve in communities where more than one host species is present, yet our understanding of host–pathogen specialization is mostly informed by laboratory studies with single species. Managing diseases in the wild, however, requires understanding how host–pathogen specialization affects hosts in diverse communities. Juvenile salmonid mortality in hatcheries caused by infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) has important implications for salmonid conservation programs. Here, we evaluate evidence for IHNV specialization on three salmonid hosts and assess how this influences intra‐ and interspecific transmission in hatchery‐reared salmonids. We expect that while more generalist viral lineages should pose an equal risk of infection across host types, viral specialization will increase intraspecific transmission. We used Bayesian models and data from 24 hatcheries in the Columbia River Basin to reconstruct the exposure history of hatcheries with two IHNV lineages, MD and UC, allowing us to estimate the probability of juvenile infection with these lineages in three salmonid host types. Our results show that lineage MD is specialized on steelhead trout and perhaps rainbow trout (both Oncorhynchus mykiss), whereas lineage UC displayed a generalist phenotype across steelhead trout, rainbow trout, and Chinook salmon. Furthermore, our results suggest the presence of specialist–generalist trade‐offs because, while lineage UC had moderate probabilities of infection across host types, lineage MD had a small probability of infection in its nonadapted host type, Chinook salmon. Thus, in addition to quantifying probabilities of infection of socially and economically important salmonid hosts with different IHNV lineages, our results provide insights into the trade‐offs that viral lineages incur in multihost communities. Our results suggest that knowledge of the specialist/generalist strategies of circulating viral lineages could be useful in salmonid conservation programs to control disease.
Organic geochemistry is commonly used in environmental studies. In tsunami research, however, its applications are in their infancy and it is still rarely used. We present results for two types of organic geochemical markers, biomarkers and anthropogenic markers, present in deposits left by 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami on the Sendai Plain, Japan. As the tsunami inundated the coastal lowland up to 4.85 km inland, sediments from various sources were eroded, transported and deposited. This led to the distribution of biomarkers from different sources across the Sendai Plain creating a unique geochemical signature in the tsunami deposits. The tsunami also caused destruction along the Sendai coastline, leading to the release of large quantities of environmental pollutants (e.g., fossil fuels, tarmac, pesticides, plastics, etc.) that were distributed across the inundated area. These anthropogenic markers, represented by three main compound groups (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pesticides, and halogenated compounds), were preserved in tsunami deposits (at least until 2013, prior to land clearing). Their concentrations differed significantly from the pre- and post-tsunami background contamination levels. Organic proxy concentrations can differ for sand and mud deposits due to various factors (e.g., preservation, dilution, microbial alteration). However, it can be concluded that anthropogenic markers and biomarkers have the potential to be a valuable proxy for future studies of recent tsunami deposits because of their high source specificity and relatively good preservation potential providing information about sediment sources and transport pathways (e.g., marine source, evidence of backwash).