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","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrology and some effects of urbanization on Long Island, New York (Professional Paper 6267)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp627D","usgsCitation":"Pluhowski, E., 1970, Urbanization and its effect on the temperature of the streams on Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 627, 110 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp627D.","productDescription":"110 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":65593,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0627d/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123118,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0627d/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Long Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.82194273612976,\n 41.07786507528178\n ],\n [\n -72.20943503836517,\n 41.2154243330921\n ],\n [\n -73.59610391993449,\n 40.940017333637996\n ],\n [\n -73.79358198591106,\n 40.79824207303625\n ],\n [\n -73.86178655629323,\n 40.79599717030078\n ],\n [\n -73.9096568448226,\n 40.794714334653065\n ],\n [\n -73.93592195888237,\n 40.77675203289462\n ],\n [\n -73.9668470125343,\n 40.739849931946566\n ],\n [\n -73.97531962997304,\n 40.70999238292043\n ],\n [\n -74.00624468362446,\n 40.699073376332024\n ],\n [\n -74.02446081111779,\n 40.67819382271807\n ],\n [\n -74.05199681779393,\n 40.62451943874552\n ],\n [\n -74.00158426558416,\n 40.54988209243214\n ],\n [\n -73.92660160125092,\n 40.526379869031246\n ],\n [\n -73.0763843222474,\n 40.624838818992174\n ],\n [\n -72.36934591632716,\n 40.86170639680046\n ],\n [\n -71.84784461657901,\n 41.0482487530538\n ],\n [\n -71.82194273612976,\n 41.07786507528178\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db60524e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pluhowski, E.J.","contributorId":52244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pluhowski","given":"E.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":47218,"text":"ofr70254 - 1970 - Geologic map of the Palo Alto 7 1/2' quadrangle, San Mateo and Santa Clara Counties, California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":47218,"text":"ofr70254 - 1970 - Geologic map of the Palo Alto 7 1/2' quadrangle, San Mateo and Santa Clara Counties, California","indexId":"ofr70254","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic map of the Palo Alto 7 1/2' quadrangle, San Mateo and Santa Clara Counties, California"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":65685,"text":"i2371 - 1993 - Geologic map of the Palo Alto and part of the Redwood Point 7-1/2' quadrangles, San Mateo and Santa Clara Counties, California","indexId":"i2371","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic map of the Palo Alto and part of the Redwood Point 7-1/2' quadrangles, San Mateo and Santa Clara Counties, California"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":65685,"text":"i2371 - 1993 - Geologic map of the Palo Alto and part of the Redwood Point 7-1/2' quadrangles, San Mateo and Santa Clara Counties, California","indexId":"i2371","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic map of the Palo Alto and part of the Redwood Point 7-1/2' quadrangles, San Mateo and Santa Clara Counties, California"},"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-26T21:03:11.329466","indexId":"ofr70254","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"70-254","title":"Geologic map of the Palo Alto 7 1/2' quadrangle, San Mateo and Santa Clara Counties, California","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr70254","usgsCitation":"Pampeyan, E., 1970, Geologic map of the Palo Alto 7 1/2' quadrangle, San Mateo and Santa Clara Counties, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 70-254, 2 Plates: 20.49 × 29.29 inches and 22.00 × 28.03 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr70254.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 20.49 × 29.29 inches and 22.00 × 28.03 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":168629,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":84184,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0254/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":84185,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0254/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":392147,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_8495.htm"}],"scale":"12000","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Mateo County, Santa Clara County","otherGeospatial":"Palo Alto 7 1/2' quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.25,\n 37.375\n ],\n [\n -122.125,\n 37.375\n ],\n [\n -122.125,\n 37.5\n ],\n [\n -122.25,\n 37.5\n ],\n [\n -122.25,\n 37.375\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af4e4b07f02db6920b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pampeyan, E. H.","contributorId":14493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pampeyan","given":"E. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":234845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":22960,"text":"ofr70116 - 1970 - Geology and mineral evaluation of the Wadi Bidah district, southern Hijaz quadrangle, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-29T12:08:32","indexId":"ofr70116","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"70-116","title":"Geology and mineral evaluation of the Wadi Bidah district, southern Hijaz quadrangle, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","docAbstract":"The Wadi Bidah district in southwest Saudi Arabia contains several ancient mines and mineral-prospects. The Precambian rocks of the district are steeply dipping and highly folded and faulted. They are divided into three major units: (1) older metavolcanic rocks, (2) metasedimentary rocks, and (3) younger metavolcanic rocks. Massive sulfide-type deposits show stratigraphic control and are found in metasedimentary rocks and in the younger metavolcanic rocks. There appears to be a close genetic relationship between the sulfide deposits and volcanism. Deposits containing copper, zinc, gold, and silver are indicated by geologic mapping and by shallow diamond drill holes in two of the ancient mine localities. The ore estimate for the district is 2.55 million short tons computed to depths that range from 79 to 150 meters. It seems probable that deeper drilling of the indicated deposits and drilling of other outlined target areas would add substantially to the ore reserves.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr70116","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Earhart, R.L., and Mawad, M.M., 1970, Geology and mineral evaluation of the Wadi Bidah district, southern Hijaz quadrangle, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 70-116, Report: v, 100 p.; Maps: 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr70116.","productDescription":"Report: v, 100 p.; Maps: 28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155806,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0116/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52353,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0116/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":52354,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0116/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":52355,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0116/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":52356,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0116/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":52357,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0116/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":52358,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0116/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":52359,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0116/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Saudi Arabia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 41.33,\n 20.37\n ],\n [\n 41.33,\n 20.8\n ],\n [\n 41.45,\n 20.8\n ],\n [\n 41.45,\n 20.37\n ],\n [\n 41.33,\n 20.37\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b46de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Earhart, Robert L.","contributorId":74729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Earhart","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mawad, Mustafa M.","contributorId":43779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mawad","given":"Mustafa","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":39112,"text":"pp306D - 1970 - Geology and paleontology of Canal Zone and adjoining parts of Panama; description of Tertiary mollusks (Gastropods: Eulimidae, Marginellidae to Helminthoglyptidae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:14","indexId":"pp306D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"306","chapter":"D","title":"Geology and paleontology of Canal Zone and adjoining parts of Panama; description of Tertiary mollusks (Gastropods: Eulimidae, Marginellidae to Helminthoglyptidae)","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp306D","usgsCitation":"Woodring, W., 1970, Geology and paleontology of Canal Zone and adjoining parts of Panama; description of Tertiary mollusks (Gastropods: Eulimidae, Marginellidae to Helminthoglyptidae): U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 306, p. 299-452, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp306D.","productDescription":"p. 299-452","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":120013,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0306d/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":66571,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0306d/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db68436f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodring, W. P.","contributorId":48230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodring","given":"W. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":38739,"text":"pp640C - 1970 - Eocene mollusks from Eua, Tonga","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:54","indexId":"pp640C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"640","chapter":"C","title":"Eocene mollusks from Eua, Tonga","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Late Eocene fossils from Eua, Tonga","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp640C","usgsCitation":"Ladd, H.S., 1970, Eocene mollusks from Eua, Tonga: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 640, p. C1-C12, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp640C.","productDescription":"p. C1-C12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119580,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0640c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":65601,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0640c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db602147","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ladd, H. S.","contributorId":95537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ladd","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":22886,"text":"ofr70107 - 1970 - Hydraulic testing of well HTH-4 in Central Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:54","indexId":"ofr70107","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"70-107","title":"Hydraulic testing of well HTH-4 in Central Nevada","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr70107","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Dinwiddie, G., 1970, Hydraulic testing of well HTH-4 in Central Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 70-107, ii, 20 p. :ill., maps ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr70107.","productDescription":"ii, 20 p. :ill., maps ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154197,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a107","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dinwiddie, G.A.","contributorId":49798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinwiddie","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":13485,"text":"ofr70117 - 1970 - Schmidt hammer test method for field determination of physical properties of zeolitized tuff","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-30T18:37:47.65572","indexId":"ofr70117","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"70-117","title":"Schmidt hammer test method for field determination of physical properties of zeolitized tuff","docAbstract":"The L-type Schmidt hammer is a hand-carried impact instrument that was originally designed and developed to test the compressive strength of concrete. When properly impacted against a stiff material the device measures the amount of rebound of a spring-loaded hammer, with the rebound of the hammer being directly proportional to the strength of the material tested. Application of this instrument to rock, specifically water-saturated zeolitized tuff, is demonstrated through a set of correlation diagrams that relate Schmidt hammer rebound values, obtained from core samples and from the sites where samples were taken, to physical properties measured on rock samples in the laboratory. The properties include compressive strength, compressional and shear velocities, and dynamic and static Young's shear and bulk moduli. The correlation diagrams apply only to zeolitized tuff of the type found at the Nevada Test Site in its natural state (freshly excavated). These diagrams enable the user of the L-type Schmidt hammer to immediately obtain values of physical properties of such rocks in place, a convenience desirable where conventional sampling is not feasible or is impossible, and when results are required on short notice. The charts apply to L-type hammers that are calibrated to a nominal rebound value of 74. Calibration is made on a 35-pound-(16-kg-) test anvil with a steel-hardened test surface of Brinell hardness = 500 kg/mm2.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr70117","usgsCitation":"Ege, J.R., Miller, D.R., and Danilchik, W., 1970, Schmidt hammer test method for field determination of physical properties of zeolitized tuff: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 70-117, iv, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr70117.","productDescription":"iv, 37 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":498187,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0117/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":147091,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0117/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd364","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ege, John R.","contributorId":69534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ege","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":167869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Danny R.","contributorId":75536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Danny","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":167871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Danilchik, Walter","contributorId":70390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danilchik","given":"Walter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":167870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":20131,"text":"ofr71210 - 1970 - Petrology of the Plutonic Rocks of west-central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:42","indexId":"ofr71210","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"71-210","title":"Petrology of the Plutonic Rocks of west-central Alaska","docAbstract":"A series of plutons in west-central Alaska defines the Hogatza plutonic belt which extends for about 200 miles in an east-west direction from the northeastern Seward Peninsula to the Koyukuk River. The plutonic rocks have an aggregate area of about 1,200 square miles and their composition, distribution, and possible petrogenesis are discussed for the first time in this report. \r\n\r\nField, petrographic and chemical data supported by K/Ar age dating indicate the plutonic rocks are divisible into two suites differing in age, location, and composition. The western plutons are mid-Cretaceous (~100 m.y.) in age and consist of a heterogeneous assemblage of monzonite, syenite, quartz monzonite. Associated with these granitic rocks is a group of alkaline sub-silicic rocks that forma belt of intrusive complexes extending for a distance of at least 180 miles from west-central Alaska to the Bering Sea. The complex at Granite Mountain shows a rare example of zoning from an alkaline rim to a quartz-bearing core. The occurrence of a similar complex at Cape Dezhnev on the easternmost tip of Siberia suggests the alkaline province may extend into Siberia. The easternmost plutons are Late Cretaceous (180 m.y.) in age and composed primarily of granodiorite and quartz monzonite similar to calc-alkaline plutons found throughout the North America Cordillera.\r\n\r\nThe plutons are epizonal and intrude deformed but unmetamorphosed Lower Cretaceous andesitic volcanics and volcanic graywacke which constitute the highly mobile Yukon-Koyukuk volcanogenic province of west-central Alaska. No older rocks have been found within the confines of this vast tract; the occurrence of a bounding ophiolite sequence has lead to the suggestion that the province was formed by large-scale rifting and is underlain by oceanic crust. \r\n\r\nThe possibility of no juvenile sialic crust over much of the area suggests that the potassium-rich magma now represented by the alkaline rocks originated in the mantle. The distribution of the alkaline rocks appears to be related to regional structural features, particularly the boundary between the Mesozoic volcanogenic province of west-central Alaska and the thrust-faulted province of metamorphic-plutonic and sedimentary rocks of Paleozoic and Precambrian age that forms the eastern Seward Peninsula. This boundary may have been a zone of structural weakness along which alkaline magma was generated. Modal and chemical trends suggest that the potassium-rich magma influenced the composition of more granitic magmas forming at higher levels. The latter may have been forming as a result of anatexis of andesite and mixing of mantle-derived mafic magma. The result is the heterogeneous assemblage of generally potassium-rich plutonic rocks that forms the west end of the Hogataza plutonic belt.\r\n\r\nThe loci of magmatism in west-central Alaska shifted east in Late Cretaceous time and the eastern plutons show only local signs of potassium enrichment. They are compositionally homogeneous and differences within plutons appear due to local contamination.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr71210","usgsCitation":"Miller, T.P., 1970, Petrology of the Plutonic Rocks of west-central Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 71-210, xi, 132, [2] leaves :ill., maps ;27 cm.; 136 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr71210.","productDescription":"xi, 132, [2] leaves :ill., maps ;27 cm.; 136 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":106510,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_8615.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"8615"},{"id":153233,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1971/0210/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49672,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1971/0210/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":49673,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1971/0210/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":49674,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1971/0210/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":49675,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1971/0210/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db68668e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Thomas P. tmiller@usgs.gov","contributorId":4183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Thomas","email":"tmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":121,"text":"Alaska Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":182117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":21187,"text":"ofr70330 - 1970 - Palynological investigations in the Upper Cretaceous and Tertiary of the Mississippi Embayment Region - VI","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-08T17:37:56.604905","indexId":"ofr70330","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"70-330","title":"Palynological investigations in the Upper Cretaceous and Tertiary of the Mississippi Embayment Region - VI","docAbstract":"As a part of the cooperative mapping project between the Kentucky Geological Survey and the U. S. Geological Survey, a study of Cretaceous and Tertiary spores and pollen assemblages has been underaken to aid in distinguishing formations and to facilitate surface and subsurface correlation of strata.
Report completed from July 1, 1968 to November 1, 1969 are included in this report; others will be placed in open file as they are completed and released for general use.
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Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1899K","usgsCitation":"Monroe, W.H., 1970, A glossary of Karst terminology: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1899, 26 p. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1899K.","productDescription":"26 p. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137615,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1899k/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28171,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1899k/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae5b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Monroe, Watson Hiner","contributorId":93020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monroe","given":"Watson","email":"","middleInitial":"Hiner","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":21237,"text":"ofr70333 - 1970 - Geology of the north end of the Ruby Range, southwestern Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:42","indexId":"ofr70333","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"70-333","title":"Geology of the north end of the Ruby Range, southwestern Montana","docAbstract":"This study consists of two parts: stratigraphy and sedimentation, and structure of rocks in the northern one-third of the Ruby Range of southwestern Montana. Detailed studies of Cambrian marine dolomite rocks in the Red Lion Formation and in the upper part of the Pilgrim Limestone resulted in their division into distinct rock units, termed lithofacies. These lithofacies contain features suggestive of subtidal, intertidal, and supratidal environments similar to those presently forming in the Persian Gulf. Stromatolltic structures occurring in the uppermost part of the Red Lion Formation are similar to those presently forming in Shark Bay, Australia. \r\n\r\nThe Ruby Range within the map area is broken into a series of northwest-plunging basement (Precambrian metamorphic rock) blocks, differentially uplifted during the Cretaceous-Tertiary orogenic period. These blocks are bordered by upthrust faults, which are nearly vertical in their lower segments and are .low-angle in their uppermost parts. Asymmetrical folds in Paleozoic sedimentary rocks formed in response to the differential uplift of the blocks; thus they too plunge to the northwest. Displaced masses of rock border the range on the three sides within the map area and are interpreted as gravity-slide features resulting from uplift of the range. Normal faulting began blocking out the present range margins by Oligocene time.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr70333","usgsCitation":"Tysdal, R.G., 1970, Geology of the north end of the Ruby Range, southwestern Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 70-333, 187 p. ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr70333.","productDescription":"187 p. ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":106485,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_8519.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"8519"},{"id":153247,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0333/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":50789,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0333/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":50790,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0333/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":50791,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0333/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c7ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tysdal, Russell G.","contributorId":1700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tysdal","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":184063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1178,"text":"wsp1939A - 1970 - Streamflow in the upper Santa Cruz River basin, Santa Cruz and Pima Counties, Arizona","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":52569,"text":"ofr6766 - 1967 - Streamflow and flood characteristics, Pima County, Arizona (a progress report)","indexId":"ofr6766","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"title":"Streamflow and flood characteristics, Pima County, Arizona (a progress report)"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1178,"text":"wsp1939A - 1970 - Streamflow in the upper Santa Cruz River basin, Santa Cruz and Pima Counties, Arizona","indexId":"wsp1939A","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Streamflow in the upper Santa Cruz River basin, Santa Cruz and Pima Counties, Arizona"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:16","indexId":"wsp1939A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1939","chapter":"A","title":"Streamflow in the upper Santa Cruz River basin, Santa Cruz and Pima Counties, Arizona","docAbstract":"Streamflow records obtained in the upper Santa Cruz River basin of southern Arizona, United States, and northern Sonora, Mexico, have been analyzed to aid in the appraisal of the surface-water resources of the area. Records are available for 15 sites, and the length of record ranges from 60 years for the gaging station on the Santa .Cruz River at Tucson to 6 years for Pantano Wash near Vail. The analysis provides information on flow duration, low-flow frequency magnitude, flood-volume frequency and magnitude, and storage requirements to maintain selected draft rates. Flood-peak information collected from the gaging stations has been projected on a regional basis from which estimates of flood magnitude and frequency may be made for any site in the basin. \r\n\r\nMost streams in the 3,503-square-mile basin are ephemeral. Ground water sustains low flows only at Santa Cruz River near Nogales, Sonoita Creek near Patagonia, and Pantano Wash near Vail. Elsewhere, flow occurs only in direct response to precipitation. The median number of days per year in which there is no flow ranges from 4 at Sonoita Creek near Patagonia to 335 at Rillito Creek near Tomson. The streamflow is extremely variable from year to year, and annual flows have a coefficient of variation close to or exceeding unity at most stations. \r\n\r\nAlthough the amount of flow in the basin is small most of the time, the area is subject to floods. Most floods result from high-intensity precipitation caused by thunderstorms during the period ,July to September. Occasionally, when snowfall at the lower altitudes is followed by rain, winter floods produce large volumes of flow.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1939A","usgsCitation":"Condes de la Torre, A., 1970, Streamflow in the upper Santa Cruz River basin, Santa Cruz and Pima Counties, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1939, iv, 26 p. :illus., maps. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1939A.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p. :illus., maps. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110052,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25163.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"25163"},{"id":138005,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1939a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26013,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1939a/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26014,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1939a/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26015,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1939a/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26016,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1939a/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26017,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1939a/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26018,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1939a/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26019,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1939a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4f24","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Condes de la Torre, Alberto","contributorId":73570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Condes de la Torre","given":"Alberto","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":43806,"text":"ofr70130 - 1970 - Geologic map of the Woody Creek and southwest part of the Ruedi quadrangles, Pitkin County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-02T18:49:56.467657","indexId":"ofr70130","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"70-130","title":"Geologic map of the Woody Creek and southwest part of the Ruedi quadrangles, Pitkin County, Colorado","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr70130","usgsCitation":"Freeman, V.L., 1970, Geologic map of the Woody Creek and southwest part of the Ruedi quadrangles, Pitkin County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 70-130, 3 Plates: 23.40 x 31.36 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr70130.","productDescription":"3 Plates: 23.40 x 31.36 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":401647,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0130/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401646,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0130/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401645,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0130/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401643,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_8471.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":134716,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0130/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"20000","country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Pitkin County","otherGeospatial":"Woody Creek and southwest part of the Ruedi quadrangles","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107,\n 39.375\n ],\n [\n -106.792,\n 39.375\n ],\n [\n -106.792,\n 39.25\n ],\n [\n -107,\n 39.25\n ],\n [\n -107,\n 39.375\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db688979","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Freeman, Val L.","contributorId":40570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Val","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":228713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":43811,"text":"ofr7023 - 1970 - High-amplitude radioactivity anomalies in Liberia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-03T19:48:13.960548","indexId":"ofr7023","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"70-23","title":"High-amplitude radioactivity anomalies in Liberia","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr7023","usgsCitation":"Behrendt, J.C., and Wotorson, C.S., 1970, High-amplitude radioactivity anomalies in Liberia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 70-23, 1 Plate: 26.61 x 24.69 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7023.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 26.61 x 24.69 inches","costCenters":[{"id":212,"text":"Crustal Imaging and Characterization","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":81362,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0023/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":134735,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0023/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"1000000","country":"Liberia","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-7.71216,4.36457],[-7.97411,4.35576],[-9.00479,4.83242],[-9.91342,5.59356],[-10.76538,6.14071],[-11.43878,6.78592],[-11.1998,7.10585],[-11.1467,7.39671],[-10.69559,7.93946],[-10.23009,8.40621],[-10.01657,8.4285],[-9.75534,8.54106],[-9.33728,7.92853],[-9.40335,7.52691],[-9.20879,7.31392],[-8.92606,7.30904],[-8.72212,7.71167],[-8.4393,7.68604],[-8.48545,7.39521],[-8.38545,6.9118],[-8.60288,6.46756],[-8.31135,6.19303],[-7.99369,6.12619],[-7.57015,5.70735],[-7.53972,5.31335],[-7.63537,5.18816],[-7.71216,4.36457]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Liberia\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a59e4b07f02db62fbaf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Behrendt, John C. jbehrendt@usgs.gov","contributorId":25945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Behrendt","given":"John","email":"jbehrendt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":213,"text":"Crustal Imaging and Characterization Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":228725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wotorson, Cletus S.","contributorId":106854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wotorson","given":"Cletus","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":228726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}