During the period 1943 to 1946, several combinations of largemouth black bass (Micropterus salmoides) and bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) were stocked in ponds on the station grounds at Leetown, West Virginia. These ponds were fertilized with 12–5–5, inorganic fertilizer, but when water blooms failed to control the submerged vegetation, sodium arsenite or copper sulfate was occasionally used for this purpose.
Bluegill‐bass ratios varying from 8:1 to 15:1 were used. Inventories of ponds showed that approximately 199 pounds of edible fish per acre could be produced annually in well managed ponds at Leetown regardless of the stocking ratio employed. The average size of bluegills varied inversely with the number stocked. The smallest bluegills, produced in the 15:1 bluegill‐bass ratio, averaged about 5.7 inches in fork length, compared with about 6.5 inches from the 8:1 ratio. Largemouth bass failed to make good growth in the 15:1 ratio, averaging only 9.3 inches compared with 10.2 inches in the 8:1 ratio.
The fact that in two ponds 71 percent of the largemouth black bass in the original stocking were removed during a brief period suggests that good pond management may include removal of the fish in the same ratio as the original stocking, to assure maintenance of a balance of species.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1947)77[141:ROVTRO]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Surber, E.W., 1947, Results of varying the ratio of largemouth black bass and bluegills in the stocking of experimental farm ponds: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 77, no. 1, p. 141-151, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1947)77[141:ROVTRO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"141","endPage":"151","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129610,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db60546e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Surber, E. W.","contributorId":8794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Surber","given":"E.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":33268,"text":"b957 - 1947 - Geophysical abstracts 128-131, January-December 1947","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":56969,"text":"b957A - 1947 - Geophysical abstracts 128, January-March 1947","indexId":"b957A","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Geophysical abstracts 128, January-March 1947"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33268,"text":"b957 - 1947 - Geophysical abstracts 128-131, January-December 1947","indexId":"b957","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"title":"Geophysical abstracts 128-131, January-December 1947"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":56970,"text":"b957B - 1947 - Geophysical abstracts 129, April-June 1947","indexId":"b957B","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"chapter":"B","title":"Geophysical abstracts 129, April-June 1947"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33268,"text":"b957 - 1947 - Geophysical abstracts 128-131, January-December 1947","indexId":"b957","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"title":"Geophysical abstracts 128-131, January-December 1947"},"id":2},{"subject":{"id":56971,"text":"b957C - 1947 - Geophysical abstracts 130, July-September 1947","indexId":"b957C","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"Geophysical abstracts 130, July-September 1947"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33268,"text":"b957 - 1947 - Geophysical abstracts 128-131, January-December 1947","indexId":"b957","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"title":"Geophysical abstracts 128-131, January-December 1947"},"id":3},{"subject":{"id":56972,"text":"b957D - 1948 - Geophysical abstracts 131, October-December 1947","indexId":"b957D","publicationYear":"1948","noYear":false,"chapter":"D","title":"Geophysical abstracts 131, October-December 1947"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33268,"text":"b957 - 1947 - Geophysical abstracts 128-131, January-December 1947","indexId":"b957","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"title":"Geophysical abstracts 128-131, January-December 1947"},"id":4}],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-08T13:11:08","indexId":"b957","displayToPublicDate":"1948-01-01T10:06:00","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"957","title":"Geophysical abstracts 128-131, January-December 1947","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/b957","usgsCitation":"Skitsky, V., 1947, Geophysical abstracts 128-131, January-December 1947: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 957, 265 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b957.","productDescription":"265 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":344654,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/957/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":289452,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/957/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53bbc16ce4b084059e8bfec4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Skitsky, V.L.","contributorId":62259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skitsky","given":"V.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70222220,"text":"70222220 - 1947 - Preliminary report on stratigraphy and structure of the Wolf Creek anticline, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-31T20:27:40.432093","indexId":"70222220","displayToPublicDate":"1947-12-31T17:44:11","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5963,"text":"Geological Investigations, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, Alaska","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"seriesNumber":"14","subseriesTitle":"Preliminary Report","title":"Preliminary report on stratigraphy and structure of the Wolf Creek anticline, Alaska","docAbstract":"In 1946 U. S. Geological Survey Party 2 was assigned the task of carrying out detailed structural and stratigraphic investigations in the area of Maybe Creek*. Field studies indicated the presence of a large anticlinal structure whose axis lies just south of Wolf Creek. Later structural data compiled from aerial photographic studies indicated that the anticline is a closed structure 8-9 miles long, and as much as 6 miles wide. The evidence for a closure on the east end of the structure appears very strong, but not enough evidence was obtained to prove closure on the west end. In 1947 U. S. Geological Survey Party 1 spent two weeks at Wolf Creek, mapping bedding traces on the west end of the structure with plane table and alidade, in an attempt to prove or disprove west closure on the anticline. Party 1, consisting of 3 geologists, cook, and a \"weasel\" mechanic, left Umiat on July 21, and returned on August 5. Two \"weasels\" were used for the transportation of the party and equipment, and were also used extensively in mapping the area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70222220","usgsCitation":"Stefansson, K., Thurrell, R.F., and Zumberge, J.H., 1947, Preliminary report on stratigraphy and structure of the Wolf Creek anticline, Alaska: Geological Investigations, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, Alaska 14, Report: 2 p.; 1 Figure: 32.79 x 20.40 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/70222220.","productDescription":"Report: 2 p.; 1 Figure: 32.79 x 20.40 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387330,"rank":1,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74568.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":396838,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222220/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":401399,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222220/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401400,"rank":4,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222220/figure-1.pdf","text":"Figure 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Wolf Creek anticline","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -153.8333,\n 69.3333\n ],\n [\n -153,\n 69.3333\n ],\n [\n -153,\n 69.5\n ],\n [\n -153.8333,\n 69.5\n ],\n [\n -153.8333,\n 69.3333\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stefansson, Karl","contributorId":61296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stefansson","given":"Karl","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":837420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thurrell, R. F. Jr.","contributorId":43024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurrell","given":"R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":837421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zumberge, J. H.","contributorId":22021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zumberge","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":837422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70222219,"text":"70222219 - 1947 - Preliminary report on stratigraphy and structure of the area of the Colville River north of Umiat, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-31T20:25:54.227705","indexId":"70222219","displayToPublicDate":"1947-12-31T17:36:20","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5963,"text":"Geological Investigations, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, Alaska","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"seriesNumber":"13","subseriesTitle":"Preliminary Report","title":"Preliminary report on stratigraphy and structure of the area of the Colville River north of Umiat, Alaska","docAbstract":"The stratigraphy and structure of the area of the Colville north of Umiat was studied by U. S. GeologicaI Survey Party No. 1 during the period of May 31 to July 19, 1947. The. party, consisting pf two geologists, a cook, and a \"weasel\" mechanic, left Umiat in two \"weasels”. The weasels were used to transport the party and equipment from camp to camp, and also made it possible for the geologists to work as far as 15 to 20 miles out from a camp in one day. A ten-foot canvas-boat was carried along. During most of the month of June even the smaller tributaries to the Kogohokruk carried enough melt and run off water to make them navigable in the 10-foot boat. The party returned to Umiat on June 23, after traversing both the Kikiakrorak and the Kogohokruk Rivers, and several smaller tributaries to the Kogohokruk.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70222219","usgsCitation":"Stefansson, K., Thurrell, R.F., and Zumberge, J.H., 1947, Preliminary report on stratigraphy and structure of the area of the Colville River north of Umiat, Alaska: Geological Investigations, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, Alaska 13, Report: 16 p.; 2 Figures: 24.51 x 40.27 inches and 21.66 x 15.18 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/70222219.","productDescription":"Report: 16 p.; 2 Figures: 24.51 x 40.27 inches and 21.66 x 15.18 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":401394,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222219/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401395,"rank":4,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222219/figure-1.pdf","text":"Figure 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401396,"rank":5,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222219/figure-2.pdf","text":"Figure 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":396837,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222219/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":387329,"rank":1,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74675.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Colville River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -152.3333,\n 69.3333\n ],\n [\n -151,\n 69.3333\n ],\n [\n -151,\n 70.0833\n ],\n [\n -152.3333,\n 70.0833\n ],\n [\n -152.3333,\n 69.3333\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stefansson, Karl","contributorId":61296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stefansson","given":"Karl","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":837417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thurrell, R. F. Jr.","contributorId":43024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurrell","given":"R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":837418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zumberge, J. H.","contributorId":22021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zumberge","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":837419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70222085,"text":"70222085 - 1947 - Preliminary report on stratigraphy and structure of the area of the Colville River between Ninuluk and Prince Creeks, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-31T19:18:59.818573","indexId":"70222085","displayToPublicDate":"1947-12-31T17:17:29","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5963,"text":"Geological Investigations, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, Alaska","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"seriesNumber":"12","subseriesTitle":"Preliminary Report","title":"Preliminary report on stratigraphy and structure of the area of the Colville River between Ninuluk and Prince Creeks, Alaska","docAbstract":"Geological Survey Party 4 began studies at a point on the Colville River 18 miles downstream from the mouth of the Killik River on July 19. From this point the studies were continued along the Colville River to near the mouth of Prince Creek. The investigation was completed on September 1 and the party returned to Umiat. A traverse was made along the lower half of Prince Creek and along one of its northern tributaries between September 8 and September 15. Canvas boats were used for transportation along the Colville River and a weasel was used to traverse Prince Creek. The party was composed of four members: R. L. Detterman and D. E. Mathewson, geologists; J. L. Townley, surveyor; and Charles Segal, cook.
During the summer of. 1947, U. S. Geological Survey Party No. 2 made a reconnaissance survey of the area between Awuna River and the divide north of the Kigalik River. The westernmost observations were made along the Awuna anticline to longitude about 157°30' W. and along the Kigalik anticline to longitude about 156°55'W. The easternmost work was done along the Knife Blade Ridge anticline at a longitude of about 154°30'W. Not all of this area was traversed, but a general idea of the area studied may be had by noting the distribution of dip and strike symbols on Figure 1.
Parts of this area had been previously visited by Smith 1/ in 1927 as a part of his traverse from Allakaket to the Arctic Coast. In the period from about July 10 to August 5 his party ascended the Awuna River and Birthday Creek, portaged over the Kigalik-Awuna divide at Birthday Pass, and descended the Kigalik River to its mouth.
Various parties in the field season of 1946 worked in areas not far distant. Webber 2/ began his field work near the headwaters of the Meade River and measured a section across the Kigalik anticline about 25 miles beyond the westernmost observations made on that structure by Party No. 2. Work by Chapman and Thurrell 3/ along the Colville River parallels at a distance of three or four miles work by Party No. 2 in the vicinity of Knife Blade Ridge. The easternmost observations by Party No. 2 in the vicinity of Knife Blade Ridge are about 11 miles west of the area south of Maybe Creek mapped by Ray and Fischer.4/
Of the 1947 work of other field parties that of Thurrell 5/ along the Colville River is most closely related to this report. His thickness from the base of Zone A to his Trace No. 5 is included in Column 1 of Figure 3. Webber's work 6/ along the Ikpikpuk and Titaluk Rivers is also in a closely related area.
Party No. 2 moved through this area by weasel, the weasels being used extensively on the daily traverses. The party assembled at Umiat late in May and was flown out to a lake about one mile west of the Ikpikpuk River at latitude 69°40' N. where the weasels and initial supplies had been previously cached. Early in June the party moved south into the area in which it was to begin work. For the next several weeks the party worked in the area north of the Kigalik River, moving westward along the divide north of that river. At this time considerable work was done south of the Kigalik River, west of longitude 154°40'W. No closure was detected along the Kigalik anticline. Shortly after the middle of July the party moved southwestward to the vicinity of the Awuna anticline where a westerly plunge had been suggested from the study of aerial photographs. The general route of the party from then on was eastward along the divide between the Awuna and Kigalik Rivers. Due to the need to reach a food cache further east very little data was gathered in the area between Birthday and Section Creeks. It was intended to work this area by one or two spike trips from the camp at the head of Section Creek. However, after constructing a cross-section from data gathered by the party along Section Creek and by Thurreli in the area between the Colville and Awuna Rivers it became apparent that the strata exposed along the axis of the Awuna anticline were stratigraphically below the base of Zone A. It thus appeared that there would be little point in attempting to gather additional data in the area between Birthday and Section Creeks. The party continued eastward, working along the south flank of the Kigalik anticline. On September 1, the party camped about one mile west of the summit of Knife Blade Ridge. Because of unfavorable weather at this time only a small amount of field work was accomplished in the next week. Enough data was gathered to give a general picture of the structure here, but the data on stratigraphy and structure is far from exhaustive. On September 9 the party moved eastward, camping that night about 3 miles northeast of :Wolf Creek, and arriving at Umiat on the afternoon of September 10.
Aerial photographs were carried in the field and used to record the points at which observations were made. A considerable amount of data was recorded on the photographs. Approximate elevations were obtained, at first by aneroid barometers, and later by more sensitive airplane altimeters. Plane table and alidade were used in local traverses in the area north of the Kigalik River to obtain dips and strikes by the 'three-point method. Nearly all other dips and strikes recorded were measured by Brunton compass. Dips of 5° or less in the area south of the Kigalik River should, in general, be considered as dip components with only the approximate strike shown. These low dips were taken on bedding traces* where it was usually impossible to observe an accurate strike with the Brunton.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70222084","usgsCitation":"Whittington, C.L., and Troyer, M.L., 1947, Preliminary report on stratigraphy and structure of the area of Kigalik and Awuna Rivers, Alaska: Geological Investigations, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, Alaska 11, Report: 9 p.; 3 Plates: 54.47 x 24.76 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/70222084.","productDescription":"Report: 9 p.; 3 Plates: 54.47 x 24.76 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":401385,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222084/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401386,"rank":4,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222084/figure-1.pdf","text":"Figure 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401387,"rank":5,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222084/figure-2.pdf","text":"Figure 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401388,"rank":6,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222084/figure-3.pdf","text":"Figure 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":387247,"rank":1,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74566.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":396835,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222084/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"area of the Kigalik and Awuna Rivers","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -157.5,\n 69\n ],\n [\n -154.3333,\n 69\n ],\n [\n -154.3333,\n 69.4167\n ],\n [\n -157.5,\n 69.4167\n ],\n [\n -157.5,\n 69\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whittington, C. L.","contributorId":33310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whittington","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":837413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Troyer, M. L.","contributorId":13672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troyer","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":837414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70210448,"text":"70210448 - 1947 - Stratigraphy and structure of the area of Maybe Creek","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-31T20:13:22.94605","indexId":"70210448","displayToPublicDate":"1947-12-31T15:46:03","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5963,"text":"Geological Investigations, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, Alaska","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"seriesNumber":"4","title":"Stratigraphy and structure of the area of Maybe Creek","docAbstract":"During the summer of 1946 the United States Geological Survey continued its program of stratigraphic and structural investigations in Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, northern Alaska. This report summarizes the results of work in the area of Maybe Creek (see inset, fig. 1). The area studied is southwest of Umiat and includes about 500 square miles lying generally between the headwaters and mouth of Maybe Creek. Structural data covering approximately 250 square miles of this area has been compiled from aerial photographic studies. The area is bordered generally on the north by the lake country and on the west by the Ikpikpuk River. Most of the area is north of Maybe Creek except for that part extending for 6 miles south of Maybe Creek between longitudes 153° 30' W. and 154° 20' W. The latitude of Maybe Creek is about 69° 15' N. The stream flows generally westward and at longitude 154° 40' W. unites with the eastward-flowing Kigalik River to form the Ikpikpuk River, which has a northerly course across the Arctic Slope to the ocean.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70210448","usgsCitation":"Ray, R.G., and Fischer, W., 1947, Stratigraphy and structure of the area of Maybe Creek: Geological Investigations, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, Alaska 4, Report: 10 p.; 4 Figures: 36.61 x 24.22 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/70210448.","productDescription":"Report: 10 p.; 4 Figures: 36.61 x 24.22 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":401190,"rank":7,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210448/figure-4.pdf","text":"Figure 4","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401189,"rank":6,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210448/figure-3.pdf","text":"Figure 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401188,"rank":5,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210448/figure-2.pdf","text":"Figure 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401187,"rank":4,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210448/figure-1.pdf","text":"Figure 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401186,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210448/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":375318,"rank":1,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74595.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":396579,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210448/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Maybe Creek area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -154.8333,\n 69.150\n ],\n [\n -153,\n 69.150\n ],\n [\n -153,\n 69.5\n ],\n [\n -154.8333,\n 69.5\n ],\n [\n -154.8333,\n 69.150\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ray, Richard G.","contributorId":29802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ray","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":836509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fischer, William A.","contributorId":47787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"William A.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":836510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70222264,"text":"70222264 - 1947 - Preliminary report on the general geology and engineering geology of Noonan quadrangle, North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-01T21:21:30.213546","indexId":"70222264","displayToPublicDate":"1947-12-31T15:15:29","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":375,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Preliminary report on the general geology and engineering geology of Noonan quadrangle, North Dakota","docAbstract":"The Noonan quadrangle is in northwestern North Dakota adjacent to the Dominion of Canada and approximately 35 miles east of Montana. The small coal-mining, farm, and railroad town of Noonan is located near the eastern edge of this sparsely populated area. The east-west State Highway 5 bisects the quadrangle.
Cultural development in this area depends largely on agricultural exploitation of the glacial deposits that mantle the bedrock. For this reason, emphasis in this report is on the description, classification, and analysis of the surficial deposits.
The geologic map is the base of the report. The map explanation includes a description of the material found in the various deposits along with the distinctive topographic and lithologic characteristics. Most of the text and the analyses of samples are written in tabular form so that specific information may be easily found. Depth relations may be determined from the cross section attached and the data on the map page.
Most of the subsurface data in this report are inferred from drill-hole logs and water-well information provided by the North Dakota State Geological Survey, the U. S. Bureau of Reclamation, and the Ground Water Division of the U. S. Geological Survey.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70222264","usgsCitation":"Townsend, R., 1947, Preliminary report on the general geology and engineering geology of Noonan quadrangle, North Dakota: Open-File Report, Report: 7 p.; 5 Plates: 32.52 x 55.00 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/70222264.","productDescription":"Report: 7 p.; 5 Plates: 32.52 x 55.00 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":401626,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222264/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401625,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222264/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401624,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222264/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401627,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222264/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401623,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222264/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401622,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222264/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":387365,"rank":1,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_8841.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":396965,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222264/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Noonan quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.25,\n 48.75\n ],\n [\n -103,\n 48.75\n ],\n [\n -103,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -103.25,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -103.25,\n 48.75\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Townsend, R. C.","contributorId":6524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Townsend","given":"R. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":837696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70206791,"text":"70206791 - 1947 - Delineation of parallel folds and measurement of stratigraphic dimensions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-21T15:02:15","indexId":"70206791","displayToPublicDate":"1947-12-31T14:56:15","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Delineation of parallel folds and measurement of stratigraphic dimensions","docAbstract":"The delineation of parallel folds in structural sections, and the extraction therefrom of stratigraphic information, has generally been done with considerable personal interpretation. If profiles must be drawn, or sections measured, from structural observations used in pairs, this is unavoidable; but superior results may be obtained if more than two observations are simultaneously utilized. The first section of this paper is an exposition of the method of evolute and involutes, which is applicable if three or more observations are available, lying in or close to a profile plane that is normal to the strike of a series of folded rocks. Parallel curves, which in certain sections represent the traces of parallel stratigraphic surfaces, are necessarily involutes that may be generated from one or more evolutes. It is more practical to derive an evolute, and to construct from it a set of parallel curves, than it is to draw such curves directly. Simple graphical methods are given for the construction of evolutes from different sets of structural data, and for the subsequent derivation of parallel curves. An examination of the resulting evolutes and involutes shows that most of them may be represented by the equation y = axn, if suitable values are assigned to the parameters a and n. The second section of the paper is an exposition of methods that apply to the measurement of stratigraphic thickness, or other stratigraphic dimensions, if structural observations must be used in pairs. Four methods are discussed, which are known as the method of mean strikes and dips, the method of integrated trigonometric functions, the method of skew-line normals, and the method of integrated strikes and dips. The last named of these is a new method, which yields a mean value for the strike or dip, utilizing indirectly the concept of concentric arcs. A formula for mean dip (or mean strike) is derived, which has been computed for all values from 0° to 90°, at intervals of 5°. The results of this computation are given in a chart, which is used for the graphical computation of these values and for interpolation to less than 5°. The mean values of strike and dip that are thus obtained are substituted in any formula for stratigraphic dimensions that applies to a homoclinal sequence of rocks. Under the topic of Errors and Differences, it is shown that the error resulting from the application of the method of evolute and involutes is small and is dependent mainly upon original errors in the determination of strike and dip. When observations are used in pairs, however, the resulting error may be much larger. If certain enumerated conditions are favorable, this error may be 10 per cent or less; but under unfavorable conditions, it may be 100 per cent or more. © 1947, The Geological Society of America, Inc.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1947)58[779:DOPFAM]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Mertie, J., 1947, Delineation of parallel folds and measurement of stratigraphic dimensions: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 58, no. 8, p. 779-802, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1947)58[779:DOPFAM]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"24 p. ","startPage":"779","endPage":"802","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":369413,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mertie, J.B. Jr.","contributorId":29383,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mertie","given":"J.B.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70210458,"text":"70210458 - 1947 - Stratigraphy and structure of the area of the Meade and Kuk Rivers and Point Barrow, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-31T20:17:12.889404","indexId":"70210458","displayToPublicDate":"1947-12-31T14:49:02","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5963,"text":"Geological Investigations, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, Alaska","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"seriesNumber":"6","title":"Stratigraphy and structure of the area of the Meade and Kuk Rivers and Point Barrow, Alaska","docAbstract":"This report incorporates the results of field and. laboratory studies, from June 1946 through March 1947, of the stratigraphy and. structure of the area of the Meade and Kuk Rivers and Point Barrow, Alaska. The Investigations were made by the Geological Survey as part of the Navy Department's program of petroleum exploration in northern Alaska.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70210458","usgsCitation":"Webber, E.J., 1947, Stratigraphy and structure of the area of the Meade and Kuk Rivers and Point Barrow, Alaska: Geological Investigations, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, Alaska 6, Report: 14 p.; 2 Figures: 28.23 x 27.79 inches and 55.48 x 17.58 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/70210458.","productDescription":"Report: 14 p.; 2 Figures: 28.23 x 27.79 inches and 55.48 x 17.58 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":396720,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210458/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":375327,"rank":1,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74597.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":401257,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210458/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401258,"rank":4,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210458/figure-1.pdf","text":"Figure 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401259,"rank":5,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210458/figure-2.pdf","text":"Figure 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"area of the Meade and Kuk Rivers, Point Barrow","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -160.3333,\n 69.3333\n ],\n [\n -156,\n 69.3333\n ],\n [\n -156,\n 71.1667\n ],\n [\n -160.3333,\n 71.1667\n ],\n [\n -160.3333,\n 69.3333\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Webber, Edward J.","contributorId":25583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webber","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":837046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70210457,"text":"70210457 - 1947 - Stratigraphy and structure of the area of the Kurupa, Oolamnagavik, Killik, and Colville Rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-31T20:16:40.088704","indexId":"70210457","displayToPublicDate":"1947-12-31T14:41:21","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5963,"text":"Geological Investigations, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, Alaska","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"seriesNumber":"5","title":"Stratigraphy and structure of the area of the Kurupa, Oolamnagavik, Killik, and Colville Rivers","docAbstract":"The area between 68° 3C' and 69° 08 N. latitude and between 154° and 155° 20 W. longitude was covered by U. S. Geological Survey party 4 during the period May 18 to September 2. Traverses were confined mainly to the valleys of the Kurupa, Oolamnagavik, and Colville Rivers inasmuch as very little rock is exposed in the interstream areas. This report is a compilation of the field data and of the results of office and laboratory work on rock specimens, fossils, and aerial photographs of the area. An interpretation of the structure and stratigraphy of this area is presented, and possible correlations with the Killik River area to the east are suggested. Some revisions of the conclusions in this report may become necessary in the light of further field work in adjacent areas and heavy mineral studies, but it is believed that any changes will not materially alter the geologic picture of the area.
Umnak Island is a dumbbell-shaped island in the eastern part of the Aleutian Islands. The island is 70 miles long and trends northeast-southwest. During 1946 volcano investigations were begun on the island and geologic mapping of most of northeastern Umnak Island was completed.
Okmok Volcano, a large, broad volcanic mountain rising to altitudes of 3,000 to 3,500 feet, occupies the central portion of northeastern Umnak Island. Fort Glenn, and Army airbase, is situated on the eastern end of the island, approximately 9 miles east of Okmok Volcano.
The central part of Okmok Volcano is indented by Okmok caldera, a large cliff-rimmed volcanic depression, 7%, miles in maximum diameter. The floor of the caldera is 1,500 to 2,500 feet below the caldera rim. Nine large cinder cones and many small ones lie on the caldera floor, chiefly along two arcuate zones. The caldera is drained by Crater Creek, which flows through a deep gorge cut in the northeastern wall of the caldera, and into Bering Sea.
Mount Tulik (4,111 feet altitude) and Mount Idak (1,918 feet altitude) arc important centers of ancient volcanism on the flanks of Okmok Volcano.
The geologic history of Okmok Volcano falls into three stages: The first includes the upbuilding of an ancient cone—Mount Okmok—to an altitude of at least 6;500 feet on the site of the present caldera; the second encompasses the destruction in a castastrophic eruption of the summit cone and the formation of the caldera; the third comprises events since the great eruption.
The earliest activity at Mount Okmok probably dates hack to the late Tertiary period. A composite cone, concave-sided in profile, was built by the alternate eruption of ash, coarse pyroclastics, and basalt flows. During the late Pleistocene, volcanic activity at Mount Okmok was greatly reduced and a topography of late youth was carved on the lower slopes by streams and valley glaciers. The summit of Mount Okmok was upwarped and dikes and necks were injected into the resulting fractures.
A large volcano at the site of Mount Idak was active during part of the period of upbuilding at Mount Okmok but became extinct during the middle Pleistocene. A parasitic vent, Mount Tulik, became active during the late Pleistocene and built a steep-sided cone before it became extinct, shortly before the formation of Okmok caldera.
A cataclysmic eruption terminated the period of dissection at Mount Okmok, 10,000 or more years ago. Part of the summit was blown away by the explosive violence of this eruption. Nuees ardentes (glowing clouds) and mudflows deposited tuff-breccia and agglomerate in the glacial valleys; later phases of the eruption blanketed the landscape with ash. Near the end of the eruption, the remaining upper part of the volcano collapsed along arcuate fractures: large blocks subsided several thousand feet and are now concealed in the caldera Poor beneath later deposits. A large arcuate fault block which subsided less than other blocks stands above the floor in the northeastern part of the caldera.
After the eruption, water collected in the caldera, forming a lake. Small but frequently active cones built islands in the lake and covered its bottom with pyroclastic debris. The lake eventually overflowed the lowest point in the rim of the caldera, and Crater Creek Gorge was carved, draining the lake and dissecting its deposits. Renewed movement along faults at the head of Crater Creek Gorge later raised a harrier which temporarily dammed the drainage and formed a second caldera lake.
Readjustments among subsided blocks in the caldera floor resulted in the folding of postcaldera deposits at several localities.
Much of the caldera floor has been covered by lava flows extruded from several cones since the draining of the first caldera lake. In general, however, volcanic activity seems to have declined since the great caldera-forming eruption. Seven eruptions from cones on the caldera floor have been recorded since 1817; the latest occurred in 1945.
As part of the geochemical program for the study of Okmok Volcano, temperatures of fumaroles were measured and samples of the products of the volcanic activity were analyzed. Average temperatures of fumaroles at one source of the 1945 lava low dropped from 320° C. on July 19 to 90° C. on September 5. The temperatures of fumaroles associated with the crater vents on both Cones A and C ranged from 95° C. to 97\" C., which is slightly below the condensation point of steam, indicating the presence of minor quantities of gases other than steam. The magmatic gases of fumaroles on Cone A consisted of carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide in about equal amounts. The lack of halogen acid gases in the fumaroles and the steadily dropping temperatures arc interpreted as indicating that the present quiescence of Cone A will continue for many months. Solid reaction products from areas of fumarolic activity on Cone A are sulfates of sodium, calcium, and iron. The presence of hydrogen sulfide as the dominant sulfur gas at Cone C is interpreted as indicating the dying stages of the present cycle of activity of Cone C.
Thermal springs along the north base of Cone D have a total discharge of 115 cubic feet per second. Their average temperature is approximately 7° C. above the annual mean. From these figures it is calculated that about 21,000 kilogram calories per second are being given off by Cone D. The spring waters contain minute quantities of boron which is indicative of a magmatic source for a small part of the water. Hence, Cone D though quiescent is not extinct. Evidence is presented to show that most of the spring water from Cone D is meteoric in origin.
Thermal waters in the southwestern part of Umnak Island at Hot Springs Cove and south of Geyser Bight contain lithium, boron, arsenic, and antimony in solution. These elements are regarded as derived from underlying magmas that are in an advanced state of crystallization and hence not likely to give rise in the near future to large-scale volcanic activity.
Three portable seismographs were placed on the flanks of Okmok Volcano and were in operation during most of the period from June 1 to October 1. During this period several slight tremors and one moderate tremor, all of distant origin, were registered, but no tremors attributable to Okmok Volcano were recorded. The lack of tremor records, however, may have been due more to the insensitivity of the instruments than to the absence of tremors.
Earth-current investigations were carried on during August and September by comparison of records obtained from a base station at Fort Glenn with those from a station 1 V2 miles southwest of Mount Tulik. The records obtained indicate that no difference in magnitude or direction of earth currents existed between the Fort Glenn and Mount Tulik areas. The similarity of record obtained is indicative of the absence of a disturbing factor such as a large body of live magma beneath Okmok Volcano.
Future eruptions of Okmok Volcano are expected to he of mild to moderate intensity, and will he chiefly in the form of ash falls from vents inside the caldera. There would be a great menace—in the form of lava flows, nuees ardentes, and mudflows—to installations at Fort Glenn if a new center of volcanism came into existence on the east slope of Okmok Volcano. Small postcaldera cones now exposed there indicate that extra-caldera eruptions have occurred in the recent past and can be expected in the future. The possibility of another catastrophic eruption of the caldera-forming type, however, is remote.
Okmok Volcano should be kept under close observation, partly because of its possible threat to Fort Glenn and partly because it is a readily accessible locale for accumulating information on details of volcanic processes, applicable to other volcanoes in the Aleutian arc and elsewhere.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Alaskan Volcano Investigations Report No. 2","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/70210288","usgsCitation":"Byers, F., Hopkins, D., Wier, K.L., and Fisher, B., 1947, Part 3: Volcano investigations on Umnak Island, 1946, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70210288.","productDescription":"35 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"53","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":401002,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210288/report.pdf"},{"id":396452,"rank":1,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_93423.htm"},{"id":396453,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210288/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Umnak Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -168.84063720703125,\n 52.855864177853974\n ],\n [\n -167.81341552734375,\n 53.38824275010831\n ],\n [\n -167.772216796875,\n 53.533778184257805\n ],\n [\n -167.98095703125,\n 53.571307377413326\n ],\n [\n -168.4039306640625,\n 53.48477702972815\n ],\n [\n -168.4423828125,\n 53.31282653094477\n ],\n [\n -168.60992431640625,\n 53.28984728016674\n ],\n [\n -168.82415771484375,\n 53.15665305315798\n ],\n [\n -168.85162353515625,\n 53.04616682440388\n ],\n [\n -169.04937744140625,\n 52.908902047770255\n ],\n [\n -169.11529541015625,\n 52.82434224121616\n ],\n [\n -168.84063720703125,\n 52.855864177853974\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Byers, F. M. Jr.","contributorId":270390,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Byers","given":"F. M.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":835996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hopkins, D.M.","contributorId":103646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopkins","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":835997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wier, K. L.","contributorId":106864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wier","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":835998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fisher, Bernard","contributorId":280071,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fisher","given":"Bernard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":835999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70222224,"text":"70222224 - 1947 - Preliminary report on the stratigraphy and structure of the Titaluk and upper Ikpikpuk Rivers, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-31T20:29:27.363676","indexId":"70222224","displayToPublicDate":"1947-12-31T14:19:07","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5963,"text":"Geological Investigations, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, Alaska","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"seriesNumber":"18","subseriesTitle":"Preliminary Report","title":"Preliminary report on the stratigraphy and structure of the Titaluk and upper Ikpikpuk Rivers, Alaska","docAbstract":"Geological Survey Party No. 4 was assigned an investigation of the Ikpikpuk and Titaluk Rivers and East Fork of the Ikpikpuk River mainly for the purpose of obtaining stratigraphic information which would be of use in determining the parts of the Upper Cretaceous sequence that underlie the areas investigated by United Geophysical Company parties 43 and 46.
A total of five days were spent in geological investigations of the Titaluk River with a Cub plane equipped with pontoons. The party was composed of the geologist and Don Hulshizer, pilot of Wien Alaska Airlines. The geologist and Ronald K. Sorem, field assistant, traversed the Ikpikpuk River by boat from the junction of Maybe Creek and the Kigalik River to near the junction of the East Fork. From the northernmost point reached by boat traverse, the river was examined by plane to north of latitude 70° N., but no outcrops or rubble indicating bedrock were seen. The East Fork was also examined from the air but no outcrops or rubble were observed.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70222224","usgsCitation":"Webber, E.J., 1947, Preliminary report on the stratigraphy and structure of the Titaluk and upper Ikpikpuk Rivers, Alaska: Geological Investigations, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, Alaska 18, Report: 4 p.; 1 Plate: 28.58 x 21.19 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/70222224.","productDescription":"Report: 4 p.; 1 Plate: 28.58 x 21.19 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":401411,"rank":4,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222224/figure-1.pdf","text":"Figure 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401410,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222224/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":387335,"rank":1,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74570.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":396871,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222224/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Titaluk and upper Ikpikpuk rivers area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -158,\n 69.6333\n ],\n [\n -154.3333,\n 69.6333\n ],\n [\n -154.3333,\n 70\n ],\n [\n -158,\n 70\n ],\n [\n -158,\n 69.6333\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Webber, Edward J.","contributorId":25583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webber","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":837469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70222223,"text":"70222223 - 1947 - Preliminary report on the stratigraphy and structure of the area of the Utukok River with notes on the Corwin-Cape Beaufort region, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-31T20:28:56.795851","indexId":"70222223","displayToPublicDate":"1947-12-31T14:05:52","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5963,"text":"Geological Investigations, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, Alaska","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"seriesNumber":"17","subseriesTitle":"Preliminary Report","title":"Preliminary report on the stratigraphy and structure of the area of the Utukok River with notes on the Corwin-Cape Beaufort region, Alaska","docAbstract":"U.S. Geological Survey Party 3 studied the geology of the Utukok River area and conducted a short reconnaissance of the Corwin-Cape Beaufort Region during the period May 12 to August 31, 1947. The upper part of the Utukok River was examined for several miles on either side while the lower, or Coastal Plain-portion, was necessarily limited to the few outcrops along the river.
During this study, the major emphasis was placed upon rocks of Upper Cretaceous age and their relationships to the underlying Lower Cretaceous rocks. All macrofossils, and numerous samples for porosity, heavy mineral, and microfossil determinations were collected.
A triangulation net was established by theodolite from Camp. 1 near the headwaters of the river to the mouth of Carbon Creek. The survey started and ended on measured base lines, and stations were determined by intersection and resection. Stations were selected, insofar as possible, on points that could be pin pricked on aerial photographs where adequate coverage was available, Horizontal control was computed for cartographic purposes. Vertical differences were computed from an elevation at Camp 1 assumed at 2,000 feet above sea level based upon two different airplane altimeter readings.
Most of the country is too rough for wheel landings with the exception of several gravel bars in the river between Camp 6 and the coast. Pontoon landings with a Cub plane can be made at most places on the river.
Driftwood, Adventure, Disappointment, Carbon, and Elusive Creeks are the main tributaries to the Utukok. At various localities, terrace gravels are common on divides of these streams. A terrace north of Driftwood Creek and about ten miles east of Camp 2 is covered with a deposit of gravel which is apparently, thick and is spread over an irregular area about two miles long and a half mile wide. A thin tundra cover obscures what is probably a much larger continuation of the gravel deposit. With favorable conditions plane landings could be made, but with a little construction work a commercial size airfield could be made.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70222223","usgsCitation":"Thompson, R.M., and Barksdale, W.L., 1947, Preliminary report on the stratigraphy and structure of the area of the Utukok River with notes on the Corwin-Cape Beaufort region, Alaska: Geological Investigations, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, Alaska 17, Report: 8 p.; 2 Figures: 33.40 x 43.70 inches and 35.96 x 23.49 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/70222223.","productDescription":"Report: 8 p.; 2 Figures: 33.40 x 43.70 inches and 35.96 x 23.49 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":401407,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222223/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401408,"rank":4,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222223/figure-1.pdf","text":"Figure 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401409,"rank":5,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222223/figure-2.pdf","text":"Figure 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":387334,"rank":1,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74569.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":396870,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222223/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Corwin-Cape Beaufort region, Utukok River area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -165,\n 68\n ],\n [\n -159.3333,\n 68\n ],\n [\n -159.3333,\n 70\n ],\n [\n -165,\n 70\n ],\n [\n -165,\n 68\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, Raymond M.","contributorId":82760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":837467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barksdale, W. L.","contributorId":14052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barksdale","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":837468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70222221,"text":"70222221 - 1947 - Preliminary report of the stratigraphy and structure of the area of the Colville River from Ipnavik to Kurupa Rivers, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-31T20:28:22.771944","indexId":"70222221","displayToPublicDate":"1947-12-31T13:40:19","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5963,"text":"Geological Investigations, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, Alaska","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"seriesNumber":"15","subseriesTitle":"Preliminary Report","title":"Preliminary report of the stratigraphy and structure of the area of the Colville River from Ipnavik to Kurupa Rivers, Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70222221","usgsCitation":"Thurrell, R.F., 1947, Preliminary report of the stratigraphy and structure of the area of the Colville River from Ipnavik to Kurupa Rivers, Alaska: Geological Investigations, Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4, Alaska 15, Report: 9 p.; 1 Figure: 20.90 x 47.13 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/70222221.","productDescription":"Report: 9 p.; 1 Figure: 20.90 x 47.13 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":396868,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222221/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":387332,"rank":1,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74674.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":401401,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222221/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401402,"rank":4,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70222221/figure-2.pdf","text":"Figure 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Colville River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.5,\n 68.8333\n ],\n [\n -155,\n 68.8333\n ],\n [\n -155,\n 69.1\n ],\n [\n -156.5,\n 69.1\n ],\n [\n -156.5,\n 68.8333\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thurrell, R. F. Jr.","contributorId":43024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurrell","given":"R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":837465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70207426,"text":"70207426 - 1947 - Thrust faults and related structures in eastern Cuba","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-19T10:05:08","indexId":"70207426","displayToPublicDate":"1947-12-31T10:02:53","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thrust faults and related structures in eastern Cuba","docAbstract":"Detailed areal mapping in central Camagüey Province and reconnaissance mapping in northern and eastern Oriente Province, Cuba, have revealed two major structural zones: (1) A zone of intense deformation, including thrust faulting, which lies north of the geographic axis of the island; and (2) a belt of domical mountains bounded on the north by Nipe Bay and the coast, and on the south by the Cauto trough and Guantilnamo basin. In Camagüey, extensive masses of serpentine and overlying tuffs have been complexly folded and overridden from the north by a block, at least 25 miles long, of limestones that form the Sierra de Cubitas and Sierra de Camaján. The overthrust carried a northern fades of Cretaceous and Eocene limestones over a southern fades of tuffaceous rocks of similar age, and had a displacement of at least six miles. In places serpentine was thrust over younger formations, and most of the shearing in the serpentine is attributed to diastrophism. A thrust zone exposed in Loma La Vigía, 15 miles north of Holguín, suggests a similar tectonic history for northern Oriente Province. Chaotic giant breccias that include waterlaid debris indicate that the overthrusts moved across the ancient land surface in both Camagüey and Oriente districts. The folding apparently began in the Cretaceous and culminated in overthrusting during early middle Eocene time. Post‐Eocene deformation appears to be limited to warping or doming to maximum angles of about 20 degrees. The zone of domical mountains is somewhat more than 100 miles long from east to west by 25 to 30 miles wide, and comprises three main units: (1) the Sierra de Nipe and (2) Sierra del Cristal domes, principally of serpentine; and (3) the Cuchillas uplift, which includes the Cuchillas de Toar and Sierra de Purlal, composed of serpentine and pre‐serpentine rocks. These uplifts are overlapped progressively on all sides by sediments ranging in age from Upper Cretaceous to Oligocene and Miocene, the older beds in places being highly folded. The mountains owe their present relief of 2000 to 4000 feet to the doming of an extensive erosion surface in the late Pliocene or early Pleistocene. The north and east flanks of the Cuchillas uplift extend below sea level, and drowned streams and elevated coral reefs show regional instability since the last major doming. ©1947. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR028i006p00919","issn":"00028606","usgsCitation":"Thayer, T.P., and Guild, P.W., 1947, Thrust faults and related structures in eastern Cuba: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 28, no. 6, p. 919-930, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR028i006p00919.","productDescription":"12 p. ","startPage":"919","endPage":"930","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":370470,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Cuba","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-82.26815,23.18861],[-81.40446,23.11727],[-80.61877,23.10598],[-79.67952,22.7653],[-79.28149,22.3992],[-78.34743,22.51217],[-77.9933,22.27719],[-77.14642,21.65785],[-76.52382,21.20682],[-76.19462,21.22057],[-75.59822,21.01662],[-75.67106,20.73509],[-74.9339,20.69391],[-74.17802,20.28463],[-74.29665,20.05038],[-74.96159,19.92344],[-75.63468,19.87377],[-76.32366,19.95289],[-77.75548,19.85548],[-77.08511,20.41335],[-77.49265,20.67311],[-78.13729,20.73995],[-78.48283,21.02861],[-78.71987,21.59811],[-79.285,21.55918],[-80.21748,21.82732],[-80.51753,22.03708],[-81.82094,22.19206],[-82.16999,22.38711],[-81.795,22.63696],[-82.7759,22.68815],[-83.49446,22.16852],[-83.9088,22.15457],[-84.05215,21.91058],[-84.54703,21.80123],[-84.97491,21.89603],[-84.44706,22.20495],[-84.23036,22.56575],[-83.77824,22.78812],[-83.26755,22.98304],[-82.51044,23.07875],[-82.26815,23.18861]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Cuba\"}}]}","volume":"28","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thayer, T. P.","contributorId":64629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thayer","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guild, P. W.","contributorId":39039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guild","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70214497,"text":"70214497 - 1947 - Survey‐net adjustment by electrical analogue","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-09T15:35:41.720698","indexId":"70214497","displayToPublicDate":"1947-12-01T11:51:56","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survey‐net adjustment by electrical analogue","docAbstract":"This paper describes how the equivalent of a least‐squares adjustment of a level or traverse net may be obtained by electrical measurements in an analogous electrical net. The lengths of the survey lines are replaced by proportional electrical resistances; the survey closures are replaced by proportional small dc voltages; the adjustment corrections are read as electrical potentials at the various junction points. The resistances, power units, and junction jacks are mounted on a panel, and are interconnected by jumpers. The closure and correction voltages are read with a special type feed‐back voltmeter.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR028i006p00831","usgsCitation":"Speert, J.L., 1947, Survey‐net adjustment by electrical analogue: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 28, no. 6, p. 831-837, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR028i006p00831.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"831","endPage":"837","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":378835,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Speert, J. L.","contributorId":43100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Speert","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70220483,"text":"70220483 - 1947 - Activity of Parícutin volcano from December 1, 1946 to March 31, 1947 patterns","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-16T14:35:28.261821","indexId":"70220483","displayToPublicDate":"1947-10-31T09:29:23","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"title":"Activity of Parícutin volcano from December 1, 1946 to March 31, 1947 patterns","docAbstract":"A record of the activity of Parícutin Volcano, Michoacán, Mexico, is shown in the diagram of eruptive characteristics, Figure 1, covering the period December 31, 1946 to March 31, 1947, and is supplemented by the maps of the areal extent of the lava flows, Figures 2 and 3. This continues the previous record for the period from September 18 to November 30, 1946 [Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union, v. 28, no. 4, pp. 567–572, 1947], and reference is made to that report for explanatory discussion of the diagram of eruptive characteristics and for general information concerning the methods of investigation.
As shown in Figure 1, the periods of predominantly heavy pyroclastic eruption occurred December 16 to February 14 and March 15 to 28. The periods of greater effusion of lava occurred December 1 to 20 and January 22 to February 25.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR028i005p00725","usgsCitation":"Wilcox, R., 1947, Activity of Parícutin volcano from December 1, 1946 to March 31, 1947 patterns, v. 28, no. 5, p. 725-731, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR028i005p00725.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"725","endPage":"731","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385659,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Parícutin, Michoacán","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -102.41455078125,\n 19.267072569005542\n ],\n [\n -102.13165283203125,\n 19.267072569005542\n ],\n [\n -102.13165283203125,\n 19.663280219987662\n ],\n [\n -102.41455078125,\n 19.663280219987662\n ],\n [\n -102.41455078125,\n 19.267072569005542\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilcox, R.E.","contributorId":107348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilcox","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":815729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70206628,"text":"70206628 - 1947 - Origin of the hot springs at Hot Springs, North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-14T07:33:57","indexId":"70206628","displayToPublicDate":"1947-10-01T07:27:51","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":732,"text":"American Journal of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Origin of the hot springs at Hot Springs, North Carolina","title":"Origin of the hot springs at Hot Springs, North Carolina","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English ","doi":"10.2475/ajs.245.10.624","issn":"00029599","usgsCitation":"Stose, G.W., and Stose, A., 1947, Origin of the hot springs at Hot Springs, North Carolina: American Journal of Science, v. 245, no. 10, p. 624-644, https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.245.10.624.","productDescription":"21 p. 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