Polychlorinated biphenyls are widely used industrial compounds marketed in the United States under the trade name Aroclor. They have appeared in fish and wildlife tissues in this country and Europe. They are known to be toxic, but more importantly, their presence in samples along with the commonly occurring organochlorine pesticides complicates the analysis to a serious degree, making identification of pesticide residues by GLC without preliminary separation extremely unreliable. Residues of both polychlorinated biphenyls and organochloride pesticides were present in eagle carcasses. Many of the polychlorinated biphenyl components had retention times identical with those of certain organochlorine pesticide residues. Identification was accomplished by preliminary separations on thin layer plates followed by combined GLC- mass spectromtry.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/jaoac/53.2.251","usgsCitation":"Bagley, G.E., Reichel, W.L., and Cromartie, E., 1970, Identification of polychlorinated biphenyls in two bald eagles by combined gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry: Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, v. 53, no. 2, p. 251-261, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/53.2.251.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"251","endPage":"261","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197356,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-01-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c7b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bagley, George E.","contributorId":46589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bagley","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reichel, W. L.","contributorId":50482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reichel","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cromartie, E.","contributorId":13926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cromartie","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70226464,"text":"70226464 - 1970 - Aspects of oil and gas operations on federal and Indian lands of interest to engineers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-18T15:20:47.13393","indexId":"70226464","displayToPublicDate":"1970-06-08T08:58:43","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Aspects of oil and gas operations on federal and Indian lands of interest to engineers","docAbstract":"It is always enjoyable to attend any meeting of the Society of Petroleum Engineers. I am happy to have this opportunity to speak to you because I believe that petroleum engineers can benefit from a better understanding of the Mineral Leasing Act and the regulations that implement the act insofar as these affect or influence your work. The regulations that implement the leasing act are commonly known as the Oil and Gas Operating Regulations. These regulations are officially described as Part 221 of Title 30 of the Code of Federal Regulations. They are printed in a small green booklet which most printed in a small green booklet which most of you have probably seen at one time or other. The requirements of the operating regulations, as specifically set forth in the booklet, or as determined by policy judgments in our various offices, can affect some aspects of your work.
I think it would be appropriate first to discuss the two types of lands, Federal lands and Indian lands, which are subject to the Oil and Gas Operating Regulations. Federal lands generally are classified in two categories, acquired land and public domain lands. Acquired lands are lands to which the Federal Government obtained title by purchase, exchange, condemnation, or private gift. These lands are scattered private gift. These lands are scattered throughout the United States and total about 54 million acres, or about 7.5 percent of the area classified as public percent of the area classified as public lands.
The public domain lands are lands to which the United States has held title since their original acquisition. There are public lands in 30 states, but the large bulk of the lands are located in Alaska and the Western States. You may recall from your history courses some of the purchases and treaties by which the United States obtained most of the lands now described as public domain lands. The Louisiana Purchase in 1803 included among the Western States most of Montana, eastern and central Wyoming, northeast Colorado, and the northern part of Texas. This treaty also included a large part of the area now generally referred to as The \"Midwest\". The annexation of Texas occurred in 1845 and it is somewhat surprising to realize that this included, among other lands, a strip of land through western Colorado and a rectangular shaped piece of land in Wyoming, south of Rawlins piece of land in Wyoming, south of Rawlins The acquisition of the Oregon Territory in 1846 brought into the Union parts of western Wyoming and Montana as well as what is now Idaho, Oregon, and Washington.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"SPE Rocky Mountain regional meeting","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"SPE Rocky Mountain Regional Meeting","conferenceDate":"June 8-9, 1970","conferenceLocation":"Casper, WY","language":"English","publisher":"American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers, Inc.","doi":"10.2118/2899-MS","usgsCitation":"Curtis, C.J., 1970, Aspects of oil and gas operations on federal and Indian lands of interest to engineers, in SPE Rocky Mountain regional meeting, Casper, WY, June 8-9, 1970, p. 1-6, https://doi.org/10.2118/2899-MS.","productDescription":"SPE-2899-MS, 8 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":391865,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.1142578125,\n 42.06560675405716\n ],\n [\n -114.12597656249999,\n 41.96765920367816\n ],\n [\n -114.12597656249999,\n 36.96744946416934\n ],\n [\n -110.85205078124999,\n 37.00255267215955\n ],\n [\n -109.86328125,\n 38.06539235133249\n ],\n [\n -109.05029296875,\n 38.09998264736481\n ],\n [\n -109.05029296875,\n 38.324420427006544\n ],\n [\n -106.76513671875,\n 38.35888785866677\n ],\n [\n -106.76513671875,\n 37.00255267215955\n ],\n [\n -102.01904296874999,\n 37.020098201368114\n ],\n [\n -102.01904296874999,\n 41.04621681452063\n ],\n [\n -107.95166015624999,\n 41.02964338716638\n ],\n [\n -107.99560546875,\n 42.71473218539458\n ],\n [\n -108.83056640625,\n 42.69858589169842\n ],\n [\n -109.51171875,\n 43.35713822211053\n ],\n [\n -108.03955078125,\n 43.35713822211053\n ],\n [\n -108.06152343749999,\n 44.59046718130883\n ],\n [\n -108.34716796875,\n 45.01141864227728\n ],\n [\n -106.28173828125,\n 44.98034238084973\n ],\n [\n -106.2158203125,\n 43.32517767999296\n ],\n [\n -104.96337890625,\n 43.32517767999296\n ],\n [\n -104.94140625,\n 42.53689200787315\n ],\n [\n -104.0625,\n 42.56926437219384\n ],\n [\n -104.04052734375,\n 42.98857645832184\n ],\n [\n -98.63525390624999,\n 42.98857645832184\n ],\n [\n -98.0859375,\n 42.71473218539458\n ],\n [\n -97.84423828125,\n 42.779275360241904\n ],\n [\n -97.31689453125,\n 42.779275360241904\n ],\n [\n -96.328125,\n 42.4234565179383\n ],\n [\n -96.5478515625,\n 42.71473218539458\n ],\n [\n -96.39404296875,\n 43.052833917627936\n ],\n [\n -96.43798828125,\n 43.26120612479979\n ],\n [\n -96.45996093749999,\n 43.51668853502906\n ],\n [\n -96.39404296875,\n 45.38301927899065\n ],\n [\n -96.74560546875,\n 45.644768217751924\n ],\n [\n -96.50390625,\n 45.93587062119052\n ],\n [\n -96.48193359375,\n 46.31658418182218\n ],\n [\n -96.74560546875,\n 46.649436163350245\n ],\n [\n -96.74560546875,\n 46.86019101567027\n ],\n [\n -96.8115234375,\n 47.635783590864854\n ],\n [\n -97.14111328125,\n 48.07807894349862\n ],\n [\n -97.03125,\n 48.66194284607006\n ],\n [\n -97.18505859374999,\n 49.03786794532644\n ],\n [\n -117.1142578125,\n 49.023461463214126\n ],\n [\n -117.1142578125,\n 46.31658418182218\n ],\n [\n -117.04833984375001,\n 45.99696161820381\n ],\n [\n -116.76269531249999,\n 45.66012730272194\n ],\n [\n -117.42187500000001,\n 44.308126684886126\n ],\n [\n -117.00439453125,\n 44.10336537791152\n ],\n [\n -117.13623046874999,\n 43.88205730390537\n ],\n [\n -117.1142578125,\n 42.06560675405716\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1970-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Curtis, Charles J.","contributorId":269397,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Curtis","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":827006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70226164,"text":"70226164 - 1970 - Mascons, mare rock and isostasy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-15T19:25:33.921729","indexId":"70226164","displayToPublicDate":"1970-06-06T13:17:05","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mascons, mare rock and isostasy","docAbstract":"The nature of the large positive gravity anomalies discovered on the Moon (mascons) has been the subject of lively discussion. The high density (3.1 to 3.5 g cm−3) of mare rocks at Tranquillity Base supports one hypothesis—that mascons are surface sheets of high density volcanic rock. The non-isostatic conditions of the mascon areas shown by the free-air anomalies may have terrestrial analogues. in some regions of recent volcanism where breaks in the crust have allowed dense basalts to pile up on the surface faster than isostatic balance can be maintained.
Data from the middle and northern Atlantic Coastal Plain of the United States and continental slope show that the dominant filling of the Atlantic margin geosyncline occurred in pre-latest Cretaceous time with only thin additions of Cenozoic strata. The influx of significant amounts of detrital material into the offshore areas had largely ceased by latest Cretaceous time, was essentially absent in the early Cenozoic, but increased considerably in the Miocene, indicating a rejuvenation of the Appalachian source area.
Basin migration continued throughout the Cenozoic, and the Miocene and Eocene strata are used to illustrate the shifting of the loci of deposition. The distributions of the strata indicate that local to regional tectonic movements are responsible. Comparison with the Gulf Coast geosyncline shows that, although features such as sedimentary thickness, evaporites, and volcanic materials are generally similar between the two margins, major differences in time of filling and regional tectonic movements exist.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1970)81[1813:LMTAOT]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Gibson, T.G., 1970, Late Mesozoic-Cenozoic tectonic aspects of the Atlantic Coastal margin: Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, v. 81, no. 6, p. 1813-1822, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1970)81[1813:LMTAOT]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1813","endPage":"1822","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":392190,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Atlantic Ocean, Hudson Canyon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -69.136962890625,\n 42.147114459220994\n ],\n [\n -74.02587890625,\n 42.09007006868398\n ],\n [\n -76.343994140625,\n 40.3549167507906\n ],\n [\n -76.343994140625,\n 37.52715361723378\n ],\n [\n -69.027099609375,\n 37.501010429493284\n ],\n [\n -69.136962890625,\n 42.147114459220994\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"81","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gibson, Thomas G.","contributorId":25180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibson","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":827395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70226144,"text":"70226144 - 1970 - Reply","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-12T16:58:14.566392","indexId":"70226144","displayToPublicDate":"1970-06-01T10:54:53","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reply","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","doi":"10.1029/WR006i003p00999","usgsCitation":"Benson, M.A., 1970, Reply: Water Resources Research, v. 6, no. 3, p. 999-999, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR006i003p00999.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"999","endPage":"999","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":391619,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benson, Manuel A.","contributorId":41405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"Manuel","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":826632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70119522,"text":"70119522 - 1970 - Additional records of some Chihuahuan bats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-15T14:41:45.97992","indexId":"70119522","displayToPublicDate":"1970-06-01T09:42:58","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3451,"text":"Southwestern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Additional records of some Chihuahuan bats","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"Southwestern Association of Naturalists","publisherLocation":"Dallas, TX","doi":"10.2307/3670207","usgsCitation":"Bogan, M., and Williams, D.F., 1970, Additional records of some Chihuahuan bats: Southwestern Naturalist, v. 15, no. 1, p. 131-134, https://doi.org/10.2307/3670207.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"131","endPage":"134","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291814,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53e492c5e4b0fff40428a549","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bogan, Michael A.","contributorId":27128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bogan","given":"Michael A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, Daniel F.","contributorId":19483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70226541,"text":"70226541 - 1970 - Geophysical studies of the Cripple Creek mining district, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-23T15:03:17.217595","indexId":"70226541","displayToPublicDate":"1970-06-01T08:56:13","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geophysical studies of the Cripple Creek mining district, Colorado","docAbstract":"Integrated geophysical, geochemical, and geological interpretations expand the knowledge about the localization of the ore deposits in the Cripple Creek district, Colorado. The principal gold deposits occur in a Tertiary volcanic subsidence basin within Precambrian granite, gneiss, and schist. The basin is filled with volcanic breccia and is intruded by dikes and irregular masses of phonolite, latite-phonolite, syenite, trachydolerite, and basalt. The volcanic complex gives rise to a broad 10 mgal gravity minimum anomaly upon which are superimposed local minima believed to be related to deep mineralized fissure zones. A negative magnetic anomaly over the volcanic subsidence basin probably reflects the degree of alteration of rocks in the subsurface. Two local closed magnetic lows may represent highly altered volcanic centers in the bottom of the basin. The gravity and magnetic anomalies of the basin correlate geographically with positive geochemical anomalies for gold, silver, and tellurium. Just east of the volcanic basin, a prominent negative magnetic anomaly and a corresponding gravity low may represent an altered zone in the granite subsurface.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1970)81[1843:FBITWH]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"King, P., 1970, Fossiliferous boulders in the Woods Hollow Shale, Marathon region, Texas: Discussion: Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, v. 81, no. 6, p. 1843-1845, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1970)81[1843:FBITWH]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"1843","endPage":"1845","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":391975,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Marathon","otherGeospatial":"Woods Hollow shale","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.282470703125,\n 30.00965233044293\n ],\n [\n -103.10943603515625,\n 30.00965233044293\n ],\n [\n -103.10943603515625,\n 30.149877316442065\n ],\n [\n -103.282470703125,\n 30.149877316442065\n ],\n [\n -103.282470703125,\n 30.00965233044293\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"81","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, Philip B.","contributorId":34580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Philip B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":827129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70010271,"text":"70010271 - 1970 - Comparison of chemical hydrogeology of the carbonate peninsulas of Florida and Yucatan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-10T15:11:41.544657","indexId":"70010271","displayToPublicDate":"1970-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of chemical hydrogeology of the carbonate peninsulas of Florida and Yucatan","docAbstract":"Aquifers of the peninsulas of Florida and northern Yucatan are Tertiary marine carbonate formations showing many lithologic and faunal similarities. In addition, the tropical to subtropical climates of the two areas are similar, each having annual rainfall of about 1000 to 1500 mm.
Despite similarities in these fundamental controls, contrasts in the hydrologic and geochemical systems are numerous and striking. For example, Florida has many rivers; Yucatan has none. Maximum thickness of fresh ground water in Florida is about 700 meters; in the Yucatan it is less than 70 meters. In Florida the gradient of the potentiometric surface averages about 1 meter per kilometer; in the Yucatan it is exceedingly low, averaging about 0.02 meter per kilometer. In Florida the chemical character of water changes systematically downgradient, owing to solution of minerals of the aquifer and corresponding increases in total dissolved solids, sulfate, calcium, and Mg-Ca ratio; in the Yucatan no downgradient change exists, and dominant processes controlling the chemical character of the water are solution of minerals and simple mixing of the fresh water and the body of salt water that underlies the peninsula at shallow depth.
Hydrologic and chemical differences are caused in part by the lower altitude of the Yucatan plain. More important, however, these differences are due to the lack of an upper confining bed in Yucatan that is hydrologically equivalent to the Hawthorn Formation of Florida. The Hawthorn cover prevents recharge and confines the artesian water except where it is punctured by sinkholes, but sands and other unconsolidated sediments fill sinkholes and cavities and impede circulation. In the Yucatan the permeability of the entire section is so enormous that rainfall immediately infiltrates to the water table and then moves laterally to discharge areas along the coasts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(70)90222-2","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Back, W., and Hanshaw, B., 1970, Comparison of chemical hydrogeology of the carbonate peninsulas of Florida and Yucatan: Journal of Hydrology, v. 10, no. 4, p. 330-368, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(70)90222-2.","productDescription":"39 p.","startPage":"330","endPage":"368","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218857,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico, United States","otherGeospatial":"Florida Peninsula, Yucatan Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.419921875,\n 25.403584973186703\n ],\n [\n -82.44140625,\n 29.53522956294847\n ],\n [\n -83.935546875,\n 30.826780904779774\n ],\n [\n -88.154296875,\n 30.90222470517144\n ],\n [\n -91.318359375,\n 30.675715404167743\n ],\n [\n -97.03125,\n 30.44867367928756\n ],\n [\n -98.7890625,\n 28.07198030177986\n ],\n [\n -99.140625,\n 22.755920681486405\n ],\n [\n -97.03125,\n 19.062117883514652\n ],\n [\n -95.185546875,\n 17.811456088564483\n ],\n [\n -90.439453125,\n 17.644022027872726\n ],\n [\n -89.736328125,\n 20.3034175184893\n ],\n [\n -89.6484375,\n 21.453068633086783\n ],\n [\n -92.10937499999999,\n 20.2209657795223\n ],\n [\n -94.306640625,\n 19.72534224805787\n ],\n [\n -96.416015625,\n 21.861498734372567\n ],\n [\n -96.50390625,\n 25.3241665257384\n ],\n [\n -96.328125,\n 27.527758206861886\n ],\n [\n -92.021484375,\n 29.075375179558346\n ],\n [\n -89.384765625,\n 28.459033019728043\n ],\n [\n -85.95703125,\n 28.998531814051795\n ],\n [\n -83.75976562499999,\n 28.14950321154457\n ],\n [\n -82.705078125,\n 26.27371402440643\n ],\n [\n -81.73828125,\n 25.24469595130604\n ],\n [\n -80.419921875,\n 25.403584973186703\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f854e4b0c8380cd4d01e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Back, W.","contributorId":33839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Back","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hanshaw, B.B.","contributorId":25928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanshaw","given":"B.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010067,"text":"70010067 - 1970 - Earth tides, global heat flow, and tectonics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-02T22:19:38.341129","indexId":"70010067","displayToPublicDate":"1970-05-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earth tides, global heat flow, and tectonics","docAbstract":"The power of a heat engine ignited by tidal energy can account for geologically reasonable rates of average magma production and sea floor spreading. These rates control similarity of heat flux over continents and oceans because of an inverse relationship between respective depth intervals for mass transfer and consequent distributions of radiogenic heat production.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.168.3935.1084","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Shaw, H.R., 1970, Earth tides, global heat flow, and tectonics: Science, v. 168, no. 3935, p. 1084-1087, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.168.3935.1084.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1084","endPage":"1087","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219212,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"168","issue":"3935","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a049de4b0c8380cd50aaa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shaw, H. R.","contributorId":23952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaw","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70010288,"text":"70010288 - 1970 - Metamorphic waters from the Pacific tectonic belt of the west coast of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-02T22:32:15.15175","indexId":"70010288","displayToPublicDate":"1970-05-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Metamorphic waters from the Pacific tectonic belt of the west coast of the United States","docAbstract":"Waters unusually rich in ammonia, boron, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and hydrocarbons are found in more than 100 localities along the Pacific coast of the United States. The waters are believed to be products of low-grade metamorphism of marine sediments. The marine sedimentary rocks would have to be tectonically emplaced below crystalline rocks in many places. Mercury are deposits are probably also products of the low-grade metamorphism.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.168.3934.973","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Barnes, I., 1970, Metamorphic waters from the Pacific tectonic belt of the west coast of the United States: Science, v. 168, no. 3934, p. 973-975, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.168.3934.973.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"973","endPage":"975","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219135,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Pacific coast","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -127.35635450214752,\n 48.04898190833393\n ],\n [\n -126.34257143863715,\n 41.14615384922983\n ],\n [\n -121.28687360549881,\n 32.22727099377326\n ],\n [\n -116.10642335911416,\n 32.61767604636684\n ],\n [\n -121.62983282164126,\n 48.90900218831945\n ],\n [\n -127.35635450214752,\n 48.04898190833393\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"168","issue":"3934","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5502e4b0c8380cd6d0cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnes, I.","contributorId":23678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70010175,"text":"70010175 - 1970 - Tektite 1, man-in-the-sea project: Marine Science Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-02T22:41:37.487661","indexId":"70010175","displayToPublicDate":"1970-05-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tektite 1, man-in-the-sea project: Marine Science Program","docAbstract":"The Tektite experiment was designed to provide data for a number of behavioral, biomedical, and engineering studies in addition to the marine sciences program. Conditions for some of these studies were not altogether compatible with the program for the marine sciences. For example, isolation imposed by human behavioral studies precluded physical contact with the surface team, even though such contact was physically possible and desirable for the conduct of the marine sciences program. Isolation also imposed on the scientific team the duty of all in-habitat maintenance, both scheduled and unscheduled, thereby taking substantial time from scientific research. In addition, between 10 and 20 percent of the waking time was devoted to performance of psychological tests required for the biomedical studies. Most of the experiments were directed toward detecting potentially adverse changes and thus were accepted as necessary and desirable. The only health problem to affect the scientific program during the dive was a minor external ear infection contracted by all the divers. Nonetheless, the experiment demon. strated, at least to our satisfaction, the advantages of underwater habitation and saturation diving for biological and geological research. A major advantage is the opportunity for continuous monitoring of organisms or processes. In addition, underwater habitation provides for considerably more research time in the water than surface diving or intermittent bottom dwelling, and this advantage increases greatly as the depth of habitation increases. Even in the relatively shallow depths at which Tektite 1 was conducted, the undersea team could spend appreciably more time at work in the water than their colleagues on the surface. Finally, Tektite 1 demonstrated that the scientist who lives in the sea need not have the extensive qualifications of a professional diver. Of the four scientists of the in-habitat team, only Crew Chief Waller was so qualified; the other three had used scuba as a research tool, but on a relatively limited basis. Any healthy, well-conditioned marine scientist with a basic diving background is capable of extending his research into the shallow sea on a full-time basis. It is hoped that many such scientists will in the future be able to utilize the undersea laboratory.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.168.3932.659","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Clifton, H., Mahnken, C., Van Derwalker, J.C., and Waller, R., 1970, Tektite 1, man-in-the-sea project: Marine Science Program: Science, v. 168, no. 3932, p. 659-663, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.168.3932.659.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"659","endPage":"663","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219743,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"168","issue":"3932","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba496e4b08c986b320459","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clifton, H.E.","contributorId":44151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clifton","given":"H.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mahnken, C.V.W.","contributorId":89636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahnken","given":"C.V.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Van Derwalker, J. C.","contributorId":47080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Derwalker","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Waller, R.A.","contributorId":28002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waller","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70230519,"text":"70230519 - 1970 - Some hydrologic & biologic aspects of the Big Cypress Swamp drainage area, southern Florida 1970","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-17T15:00:28.580447","indexId":"70230519","displayToPublicDate":"1970-05-01T15:47:42","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":375,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"seriesNumber":"FL 70-003","displayTitle":"Some Hydrologic & Biologic Aspects of the Big Cypress Swamp Drainage Area, Southern Florida 1970","title":"Some hydrologic & biologic aspects of the Big Cypress Swamp drainage area, southern Florida 1970","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70230519","usgsCitation":"Klein, H., Schneider, W., McPherson, B.F., and Buchanan, T., 1970, Some hydrologic & biologic aspects of the Big Cypress Swamp drainage area, southern Florida 1970: Open-File Report FL 70-003, 94 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70230519.","productDescription":"94 p.","numberOfPages":"94","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":398771,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70230519/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":398772,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70230519/ofr-fl-70003.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.32 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR FL 70-003"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Big Cypress Swamp drainage area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.42058622198428,\n 26.327094668628618\n ],\n [\n -81.42058622198428,\n 25.544397412931332\n ],\n [\n -80.71638185426374,\n 25.544397412931332\n ],\n [\n -80.71638185426374,\n 26.327094668628618\n ],\n [\n -81.42058622198428,\n 26.327094668628618\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
Marine foraminiferal, marine to fresh-water molluscan, and brackish- to fresh-water ostracode faunas occur in a thick section of limestone, silt, and clay of the Bouse Formation along the Colorado River from Parker to Yuma in an area now isolated from the sea. Faunas in the Parker-Blythe-Cibola area are limited in number of species but are remarkably persistent through the formation. The presence of marine Foraminifera, including Globigerina sp., is considered evidence that the area was continuously connected with the ocean.
Several thousand feet of similar sediments are found in the subsurface near Yuma and contain faunas which at shallow depths are similar to those to the north, but at greater depths contain bathyal assemblages with an abundance of globigerinids, which indicate a post-Miocene age for the section, and oceanic conditions.
It is likely that this marine embayment extended into the Imperial Valley, where the Imperial Formation of probable Pliocene age also contains marine faunas.
Evidence presented here strongly indicates a large long-lasting Pliocene marine embayment along the lower Colorado River, connected with the Imperial Valley.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1970)81[1411:NEFAPM]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Smith, P.B., 1970, New evidence for a Pliocene marine embayment along the lower Colorado River area, California and Arizona: Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, v. 81, no. 5, p. 1411-1420, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1970)81[1411:NEFAPM]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1411","endPage":"1420","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":392206,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California","city":"Parker, Yuma","otherGeospatial":"Bouse Formation, Colorado River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.9169921875,\n 32.685619853722\n ],\n [\n -114.0380859375,\n 32.685619853722\n ],\n [\n -114.0380859375,\n 34.20725938207231\n ],\n [\n -114.9169921875,\n 34.20725938207231\n ],\n [\n -114.9169921875,\n 32.685619853722\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"81","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Patsy Beckstead","contributorId":69135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Patsy","email":"","middleInitial":"Beckstead","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":827400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70241153,"text":"70241153 - 1970 - Availability of ground water in the Gallup-Tohatchi area, McKinley County, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-13T20:48:00.70295","indexId":"70241153","displayToPublicDate":"1970-05-01T15:24:12","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":375,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Availability of ground water in the Gallup-Tohatchi area, McKinley County, New Mexico","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70241153","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the city of Gallup and the New Mexico State Engineer","usgsCitation":"Mercer, J.W., and Cooper, J.B., 1970, Availability of ground water in the Gallup-Tohatchi area, McKinley County, New Mexico: Open-File Report, Report: 182 p.; Plates, https://doi.org/10.3133/70241153.","productDescription":"Report: 182 p.; Plates","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414048,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","county":"McKinley County","city":"Gallup, Tohatchi","otherGeospatial":"Navajo Nation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.05197757003499,\n 36.01355876072728\n ],\n [\n -109.05197757003499,\n 35.39798802302505\n ],\n [\n -108.0513167565051,\n 35.39798802302505\n ],\n [\n -108.0513167565051,\n 36.01355876072728\n ],\n [\n -109.05197757003499,\n 36.01355876072728\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mercer, Jerry W.","contributorId":32534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mercer","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":866287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooper, James Blair","contributorId":25084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"Blair","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":866288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70226579,"text":"70226579 - 1970 - Premetamorphic down-to-basin faulting, folding, and tectonic dewatering, Rangeley area, western Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-29T21:24:13.062636","indexId":"70226579","displayToPublicDate":"1970-05-01T15:14:42","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5935,"text":"Bulletin of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Premetamorphic down-to-basin faulting, folding, and tectonic dewatering, Rangeley area, western Maine","docAbstract":"The Rangeley area of western Maine is underlain by a thick sequence of dominantly eugeosynclinal metasedimentary rocks of Ordovician, Silurian, and Devonian age. The dominant structural pattern of these rocks is defined by tight, upright, northeast-trending passive flow folds and by three major normal faults along which younger rocks on the southeast are down-faulted against older rocks on the northwest. Each normal fault, together with a major syncline and a complementary anticline farther southeast, defines a geometrically related fault-fold unit. In best-exposed units, displacement along the faults increases in the direction of plunge of the synclines and of increasing structural relief in the syncline-anticline pairs. A genetic relation between normal faulting and folding is inferred.
The dominant fault-fold pattern represents the oldest recognized deformation in the area. Slaty or phyllitic cleavage of this deformation is typically subparallel to the axial surfaces of folds, but locally crosses the faults and the axial surfaces of tight folds at low angles. Metamorphosed clastic dikes along the cleavage suggest that cleavage formation was in part a diagenetic dewatering process. This process probably graded, however, into low-grade metamorphism at depth. It was quickly followed by emplacement of large plutons, local superposed passive slip and flexural slip folding, and by two recognized events of greenschist and amphibolite facies metamorphism. Porphyroblasts of these events have grown across slip cleavages as well as older phyllitic cleavage, and metamorphic zones cross the dominant fault-fold pattern.
Deformation, as well as sedimentation, is considered to have been controlled by the ancestral Merrimack synclinorium—a strongly linear two-sided trough that persisted at least from Late Ordovician through Early Devonian time. The fault-fold pattern is inferred to have evolved over a long period of time, as follows: (1) Rapid deposition of 15,000 to 20,000 ft of nearly-impermeable clastic sediments in Late Ordovician and Early Silurian time on the southeast-dipping slope of the sedimentary trough; mass weakened in depth by excess fluid pressure. (2) Continuing sedimentation, down-to-basin creep with associated slump faulting and folding, probably beginning in Middle Silurian time; faults flattened basinward in depth along lower boundary of zone of excess fluid pressure. (3) Horizontal compression developed parallel to slide direction as mass piled against material in the trough; incipient slaty cleavage developed normal to compression, improving vertical permeability. (4) Pore fluids expelled vertically, permitting the slumping mass to compact horizontally, and fold with at least 25 percent shortening. The process culminated in Early Devonian time, during and after deposition of the youngest exposed rocks in the area.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1970)81[1463:PDFFAT]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Moench, R., 1970, Premetamorphic down-to-basin faulting, folding, and tectonic dewatering, Rangeley area, western Maine: Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, v. 81, no. 5, p. 1463-1496, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1970)81[1463:PDFFAT]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"1463","endPage":"1496","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":392204,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","city":"Rangeley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.675048828125,\n 43.0287452513488\n ],\n [\n -70.5322265625,\n 43.30119623257966\n ],\n [\n -70.301513671875,\n 43.40504748787035\n ],\n [\n -70.301513671875,\n 43.48481212891603\n ],\n [\n -70.1806640625,\n 43.56447158721811\n ],\n [\n -70.11474609375,\n 43.77109381775651\n ],\n [\n -69.840087890625,\n 43.667871610117494\n ],\n [\n -69.224853515625,\n 43.89789239125797\n ],\n [\n -68.521728515625,\n 44.000717834282774\n ],\n [\n -67.8955078125,\n 44.39454219215587\n ],\n [\n -66.90673828125,\n 44.762336674810996\n ],\n [\n -67.12646484375,\n 45.205263456162385\n ],\n [\n -67.269287109375,\n 45.22848059584359\n ],\n [\n -67.39013671875,\n 45.22074260255366\n ],\n [\n -67.423095703125,\n 45.27488643704891\n ],\n [\n -67.379150390625,\n 45.36758436884978\n ],\n [\n -67.445068359375,\n 45.48324350868221\n ],\n [\n -67.357177734375,\n 45.537136680398596\n ],\n [\n -67.401123046875,\n 45.66012730272194\n ],\n [\n -67.752685546875,\n 45.744526980468436\n ],\n [\n -67.763671875,\n 46.68713141244413\n ],\n [\n -70.048828125,\n 46.619261036171515\n ],\n [\n -70.081787109375,\n 46.475699386607516\n ],\n [\n -70.3564453125,\n 46.23305294479828\n ],\n [\n -70.29052734375,\n 46.14939437647686\n ],\n [\n -70.37841796875,\n 46.057985244793024\n ],\n [\n -70.323486328125,\n 45.920587344733654\n ],\n [\n -70.455322265625,\n 45.82879925192134\n ],\n [\n -70.46630859375,\n 45.744526980468436\n ],\n [\n -70.77392578125,\n 45.583289756006316\n ],\n [\n -70.72998046875,\n 45.4524242413431\n ],\n [\n -70.8837890625,\n 45.460130637921004\n ],\n [\n -70.894775390625,\n 45.336701909968134\n ],\n [\n -70.99365234375,\n 45.390735154248894\n ],\n [\n -71.21337890625,\n 45.29034662473613\n ],\n [\n -71.34521484375,\n 45.36758436884978\n ],\n [\n -71.4990234375,\n 45.251688256117646\n ],\n [\n -71.56494140625,\n 45.02695045318546\n ],\n [\n -71.685791015625,\n 44.78573392716592\n ],\n [\n -71.575927734375,\n 44.59829048984011\n ],\n [\n -72.037353515625,\n 44.378839759088585\n ],\n [\n -72.125244140625,\n 44.134913443750726\n ],\n [\n -72.22412109375,\n 43.92163712834673\n ],\n [\n -72.388916015625,\n 43.67581809328341\n ],\n [\n -72.48779296875,\n 43.16512263158296\n ],\n [\n -72.50976562499999,\n 43.06086137134326\n ],\n [\n -70.675048828125,\n 43.0287452513488\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"81","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moench, Robert H.","contributorId":55066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moench","given":"Robert H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":827399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70226794,"text":"70226794 - 1970 - Peru-Chile Trench sediments and sea-floor spreading","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-13T18:56:18.203146","indexId":"70226794","displayToPublicDate":"1970-05-01T12:26:18","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5935,"text":"Bulletin of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Peru-Chile Trench sediments and sea-floor spreading","docAbstract":"The hypotheses of sea-floor spreading and plate tectonics require the removal of sediment from oceanic trenches either by crustal underthrusting or by folding against the base of a continental or insular margin. Accordingly, over a period of time the volume of sediment removed by way of spreading must be equal to the difference between the observable volume of undeformed terrigenous deposits in a trench and the volume contributed to it by continental erosion. To assess possible sediment loss from the central Chilean segment (23°–44° S.) of the Peru-Chile Trench, we have compared the volume of terrigenous deposits overlying the land, the continental margin, and filling the trench with that expected from continental denudation.
Our data indicate that an episode of sediment removal occurred at the base of the margin and adjacent deep-sea floor in Late Cretaceous and perhaps earlymost Tertiary time and may imply spreading. Nearly 100 × 103 km3 of deposits of Tertiary age, chiefly Eocene to Pliocene, have accumulated on the margin, and perhaps an additional 5 × 103 km3 in the trench. This amount of offshore sediment could be supplied by fairly low rates (3 cm/103 yrs) of Tertiary erosion. However, many uncertainties in our denudation-sedimentation budget make it impossible to determine whether or not sediment reaching the base of the margin was removed tectonically in Tertiary time.
Between 27° and 44° S., the trench contains nearly 70 × 10s km3 of turbidite deposits that we believe accumulated during late Cenozoic periods of glacially lowered sea level. The volume of turbidites in the trench is virtually equal to that expected from continental erosion, which is estimated to have probably been no greater than 5 cm/103yr for the arid region between 27° and 31°, and 50 cm/103yr for the humid and partially glaciated region from 36° to 42°. During this time of rapid erosion and trench filling, magnetic data indicate that convergence of lithospheric plates was taking place below the trench at a rate between 5 and 10 cm/yr. If turbidite deposits were swept from the trench at these rates, then continental denudation must have been exceedingly rapid: 20–40 cm/103 yr for the arid zone, and 110–165 cm/103 yr for the partially glaciated region. If more conventional estimates of erosion are valid, then either (1) late Cenozoic underthrusting has not taken place (or at a rate much slower than that implied by geophysical data), or (2) underthrusting at the prescribed rates has not involved the removal of a significant volume of sediment from the trench.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1970)81[1339:PTSASS]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Scholl, D.W., Christensen, M.N., von Huene, R.E., and Marlow, M.S., 1970, Peru-Chile Trench sediments and sea-floor spreading: Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, v. 81, no. 5, p. 1339-1360, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1970)81[1339:PTSASS]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"1339","endPage":"1360","costCenters":[{"id":645,"text":"Western Coastal and Marine Geology","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":392795,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Chile","city":"Antofagasta","otherGeospatial":"Atlantic Ocean, Isla Chiloé, Peru-Chile Trench (Atacama Trench)","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.400390625,\n -23.32208001137843\n ],\n [\n -72.9052734375,\n -23.40276490540795\n ],\n [\n -75.76171875,\n -43.13306116240613\n ],\n [\n -74.1796875,\n -43.35713822211053\n ],\n [\n -73.037109375,\n -39.368279149160124\n ],\n [\n -73.2568359375,\n -37.474858084971025\n ],\n [\n -72.861328125,\n -36.80928470205938\n ],\n [\n -71.1474609375,\n -33.02708758002873\n ],\n [\n -71.3671875,\n -30.524413269923986\n ],\n [\n -71.103515625,\n -29.954934549656134\n ],\n [\n -71.3232421875,\n -28.998531814051795\n ],\n [\n -70.7958984375,\n -27.488781168937983\n ],\n [\n -70.3125,\n -25.005972656239177\n ],\n [\n -70.400390625,\n -23.32208001137843\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"81","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scholl, David W. 0000-0001-6500-6962 dscholl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6500-6962","contributorId":3738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"David","email":"dscholl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":828290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christensen, Mark N.","contributorId":270012,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christensen","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":6643,"text":"University of California - Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":828291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"von Huene, Roland E. 0000-0003-1301-3866 rvonhuene@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1301-3866","contributorId":191070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"von Huene","given":"Roland","email":"rvonhuene@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":7065,"text":"USGS emeritus","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":828292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marlow, Michael S.","contributorId":72775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marlow","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":828293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70226544,"text":"70226544 - 1970 - Macusanite occurrence, age, and composition, Macusani, Peru","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-23T16:36:35.006571","indexId":"70226544","displayToPublicDate":"1970-05-01T10:25:32","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5935,"text":"Bulletin of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Macusanite occurrence, age, and composition, Macusani, Peru","docAbstract":"Macusanite, originally believed to be a type of tektite because of its sculpture, is shown to be related to sillar of the Macusani region, Peru. K-Ar measurements establish identical Pliocene ages (4.2 m.y.) for macusanite and sillar and relate these deposits to the extensive ash flows of the southern Andes. These rocks are unique for glassy rocks in that lithium, boron, and arsenic contents are very high; cesium, rubidium, tellurium, fluorine, and tin are higher than normal; zinc, copper, chromium, and zirconium are lower than normal; and high-alumina minerals such as andalusite are present.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.65.3.304","usgsCitation":"Desborough, G.A., 1970, Silver depletion indicated by microanalysis of gold from placer occurrences, western United States: Economic Geology, v. 65, no. 3, p. 304-311, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.65.3.304.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"304","endPage":"311","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":391802,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Wyoming","county":"Chaffee County, Clark County, Clear Creek County, Douglas County, Fremont County, Gunnison County, Lemhi County, Madison County, Moffat County, Montrose County, Pershing County, Power County, Routt County, Sierra County, Sublette County, Sweetwater County, Teton County","city":"Alder Gulch, American Falls, Beaver Creek, Big Piney, Castle Rock, Granite, 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