{"pageNumber":"6426","pageRowStart":"160625","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184904,"records":[{"id":56001,"text":"ofr70137 - 1970 - Neutron-activation analysis applied to hydrologic investigations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:07","indexId":"ofr70137","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"70-137","title":"Neutron-activation analysis applied to hydrologic investigations","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr70137","usgsCitation":"Goldberg, M.C., Gottschall, C., and Janger, V., 1970, Neutron-activation analysis applied to hydrologic investigations: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 70-137, 5 p., 3 figs., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr70137.","productDescription":"5 p., 3 figs.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":181579,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697ac1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goldberg, M. C.","contributorId":89220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldberg","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":254626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gottschall, C.W.","contributorId":75223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gottschall","given":"C.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":254625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Janger, V.J.","contributorId":12923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janger","given":"V.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":254624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":55972,"text":"ofr7049 - 1970 - Annual water-resources review, White Sands Missile Range, 1969--a basic data report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:09","indexId":"ofr7049","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"70-49","title":"Annual water-resources review, White Sands Missile Range, 1969--a basic data report","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr7049","usgsCitation":"Busch, F., 1970, Annual water-resources review, White Sands Missile Range, 1969--a basic data report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 70-49, 41 p., 9 figs., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7049.","productDescription":"41 p., 9 figs.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":100422,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0049/report.pdf","size":"1523","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":181087,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0049/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67b792","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Busch, F.E.","contributorId":41079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busch","given":"F.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":254578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":14818,"text":"ofr70216 - 1970 - Preliminary investigation of cement materials in the Taif area, Saudi Arabia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:07","indexId":"ofr70216","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"70-216","title":"Preliminary investigation of cement materials in the Taif area, Saudi Arabia","docAbstract":"A preliminary investigation of possible sources of cement rock in the Taft area was made during the latter part of August 1968. Adequate deposits of limestone, clay, quartz conglomerate and sandstone, and pisolitic iron ore, yet no gypsum, were located to support a Cement plant should it prove feasible to establish one in this area. These materials, made up mostly of Tertiary and later sediments, crop out in isolated, inconspicuous low hills in a north- trending belt, 10 to 15 kilometers wide, lying about 90 kilometers to-the east of At Taft. The belt extends for more than 90 kilometers from the vicinity of Jabal 'An in the south to the crushed rock pits at Radwan and beyond in the north. The area is readily accessible either from the Talf-Riyadh highway or from the Taif-Bishah road presently under construction. \r\n\r\nThe limestone, which is quite pure and dense in some localities but dolomitic, argillaceous, and cherty in others, occurs in a variety of colors and would make suitable decorative building stone. The volcanic rocks of the Harrat Hadan, lying directly to the east of the limestone belt, include volcanic ash beds some of which may have been altered to bentonitlc clays. Others may have been lithified and might be suitable for light-weight aggregate. These possibilities remain to be investigated. \r\n\r\nPrecambrian metamorphic rocks lying directly to the south and southeast of Taif were also investigated as possible cement rock sources, but no suitable material was found here.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/ofr70216","usgsCitation":"Martin, C., 1970, Preliminary investigation of cement materials in the Taif area, Saudi Arabia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 70-216, 18 p. ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr70216.","productDescription":"18 p. ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":148882,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0216/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":43604,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1970/0216/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db697f53","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martin, Conrad","contributorId":28245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Conrad","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":56027,"text":"ofr70211 - 1970 - A program to simulate and aquifer using alternating direction implicit-iterative procedure","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":56027,"text":"ofr70211 - 1970 - A program to simulate and aquifer using alternating direction implicit-iterative procedure","indexId":"ofr70211","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"title":"A program to simulate and aquifer using alternating direction implicit-iterative procedure"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":4724,"text":"twri07C1 - 1976 - Finite difference model for aquifer simulation in two dimensions with results of numerical experiments","indexId":"twri07C1","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"title":"Finite difference model for aquifer simulation in two dimensions with results of numerical experiments"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":4724,"text":"twri07C1 - 1976 - Finite difference model for aquifer simulation in two dimensions with results of numerical experiments","indexId":"twri07C1","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"title":"Finite difference model for aquifer simulation in two dimensions with results of numerical experiments"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:08","indexId":"ofr70211","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"70-211","title":"A program to simulate and aquifer using alternating direction implicit-iterative procedure","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr70211","usgsCitation":"Maddock, T., 1970, A program to simulate and aquifer using alternating direction implicit-iterative procedure: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 70-211, 73 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr70211.","productDescription":"73 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":181079,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8fc2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maddock, Thomas III","contributorId":32983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maddock","given":"Thomas","suffix":"III","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":254659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":62538,"text":"gq883 - 1970 - Geologic map of the Lathrop Wells quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":46838,"text":"ofr6684 - 1966 - Geologic map of the Lathrop Wells quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada","indexId":"ofr6684","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic map of the Lathrop Wells quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":62538,"text":"gq883 - 1970 - Geologic map of the Lathrop Wells quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada","indexId":"gq883","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic map of the Lathrop Wells quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:44","indexId":"gq883","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":316,"text":"Geologic Quadrangle","code":"GQ","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"883","title":"Geologic map of the Lathrop Wells quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/gq883","usgsCitation":"McKay, E.J., and Sargent, K., 1970, Geologic map of the Lathrop Wells quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle 883, 1 map., https://doi.org/10.3133/gq883.","productDescription":"1 map.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":103599,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_2185.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"2185"},{"id":248700,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gq/0883/report.pdf","size":"34","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":254010,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gq/0883/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.5,36.6175 ], [ -116.5,36.75 ], [ -116.36749999999999,36.75 ], [ -116.36749999999999,36.6175 ], [ -116.5,36.6175 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db697048","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKay, E. J.","contributorId":57040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKay","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":267514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sargent, Kenneth A.","contributorId":15998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sargent","given":"Kenneth A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":267513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":58101,"text":"wdrMN6812 - 1970 - Water resources data for Minnesota, 1968; Part 1. Surface water records and Part 2. Water quality records","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:59","indexId":"wdrMN6812","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"MN-68-1-2","title":"Water resources data for Minnesota, 1968; Part 1. Surface water records and Part 2. Water quality records","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrMN6812","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1970, Water resources data for Minnesota, 1968; Part 1. Surface water records and Part 2. Water quality records: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report MN-68-1-2, 275 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrMN6812.","productDescription":"275 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":181219,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1968/mn-68-1-2/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":88328,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1968/mn-68-1-2/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fae4b07f02db5f3e0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":533212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":65091,"text":"i592 - 1970 - Geologic map of the Daggett quadrangle, San Bernardino County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:03","indexId":"i592","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"592","subseriesTitle":"NONE","title":"Geologic map of the Daggett quadrangle, San Bernardino County, California","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/i592","usgsCitation":"Dibblee, T.W., 1970, Geologic map of the Daggett quadrangle, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 592, 1 map :col. ;68x77 cm. folded to 29x22 cm. in envelope 31x25 cm. + 1 text (6 leaves ; 28 cm.), https://doi.org/10.3133/i592.","productDescription":"1 map :col. ;68x77 cm. folded to 29x22 cm. in envelope 31x25 cm. + 1 text (6 leaves ; 28 cm.)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":101862,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_115.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"115"},{"id":254916,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/0592/report.pdf","size":"771","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":254917,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/0592/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"62500","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117,34.75 ], [ -117,35 ], [ -116.75,35 ], [ -116.75,34.75 ], [ -117,34.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b09e4b07f02db69bcf8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dibblee, T. W. Jr.","contributorId":95445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dibblee","given":"T.","suffix":"Jr.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":272646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":4805,"text":"pp713 - 1970 - Mercury in the environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:44","indexId":"pp713","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"713","title":"Mercury in the environment","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/pp713","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1970, Mercury in the environment: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 713, 67 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp713.","productDescription":"67 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":117055,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0713/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31766,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0713/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624cf4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":65146,"text":"i631 - 1970 - Lithologic, geophysical, and mineral commodity maps of Precambrian rocks in Wisconsin","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":46245,"text":"ofr6891 - 1968 - Map of northern half of Wisconsin showing geologic data of Precambrian area","indexId":"ofr6891","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"title":"Map of northern half of Wisconsin showing geologic data of Precambrian area"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":65146,"text":"i631 - 1970 - Lithologic, geophysical, and mineral commodity maps of Precambrian rocks in Wisconsin","indexId":"i631","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"title":"Lithologic, geophysical, and mineral commodity maps of Precambrian rocks in Wisconsin"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-07T13:28:25.239044","indexId":"i631","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered 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,{"id":70112305,"text":"70112305 - 1970 - Satellite observation of effusive volcanism","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-27T14:13:17","indexId":"70112305","displayToPublicDate":"1990-06-12T14:09:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1080,"text":"British Interplanetary Society Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Satellite observation of effusive volcanism","docAbstract":"<p>Infrared emission from an active effusive volcanic eruption on Surtsey, Vestmannaeyjar, Iceland, was recorded by airborne and satellite infrared systems at irregular intervals between 19 August and 3 October 1966. Ground and lava temperature measurements and volumetric lava outflow data permitted a comparison to be made between total thermal-energy yield and radiant emission recorded by the satellite system. The Nimbus HRIR recorded radiant emission at a level of about 3% of the estimated total thermal yield.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"British Interplanetary Society","publisherLocation":"Wallasey, Cheshire","usgsCitation":"Williams, R., and Friedman, J.D., 1970, Satellite observation of effusive volcanism: British Interplanetary Society Journal, v. 23, no. 6, p. 441-450.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"441","endPage":"450","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288518,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"539acc14e4b0e83db6d08fe3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, R.S. Jr.","contributorId":46102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"R.S.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Friedman, J. D.","contributorId":99157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70112303,"text":"70112303 - 1970 - Perception via satellite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-27T14:12:20","indexId":"70112303","displayToPublicDate":"1990-06-12T14:02:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3725,"text":"Water Spectrum","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Perception via satellite","docAbstract":"<p>The earth resources observation satellite (EROS) program in the Department of the Interior is intended to gather and use data from satellites and aircraft on natural and man-made features of the earth's surface. Earth resources technology satellite will provide the EROS program with data for use in dealing with natural resource problems and understanding the interaction between man and the environment. Applications will include studies of tectonic features, hydrologic problems, location of fish schools, determination of the conditions of range land, mapping land use for urban planning, studies of erosion and change along coastlines and major streams, and inventories of land use and land forms. In addition, the ERTS data may be used for detecting forest and crop diseases and inventorying crops. The ERTS satellite will be in a polar, sun-synchronous orbit so that each point on the earth's surface will be sensed every 17 to 20 days, at the same time of day. Multispectral photography is being investigated for its usefulness in hydrology. Side-looking airborne radar has not yet been widely used in hydrologic studies, although it is an excellent tool for all-weather, day or night, coverage of large areas. Other techniques being investigated include passive microwave radiometry, ultraviolet and visible stimulated luminescence, and absorption spectroscopy.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Dept. of the Army, Office of the Chief of Engineers","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Robinove, C.J., 1970, Perception via satellite: Water Spectrum, v. 2, no. 1, p. 14-19.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"14","endPage":"19","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288515,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"539acc0de4b0e83db6d08fa5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinove, Charles J.","contributorId":16983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinove","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70112302,"text":"70112302 - 1970 - Color infrared film as a negative material","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-27T14:11:43","indexId":"70112302","displayToPublicDate":"1990-06-12T13:59:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Color infrared film as a negative material","docAbstract":"<p>Original problems encountered in endeavors to use color infraredfilm as a negative material have been overcome by a simple modification in processing. This makes more feasible the production of infrared color prints for field use and yields an infrared counterpart to Aero-Neg.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/S0034-4257(70)80026-8","usgsCitation":"Pease, R.W., 1970, Color infrared film as a negative material: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 1, no. 3, p. 195-198, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(70)80026-8.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"195","endPage":"198","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288513,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288512,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(70)80026-8"}],"volume":"1","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"539acbeae4b0e83db6d08ed2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pease, Robert W.","contributorId":43760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pease","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70112296,"text":"70112296 - 1970 - Using radar imagery for crop discrimination: a statistical and conditional probability study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-27T14:05:38","indexId":"70112296","displayToPublicDate":"1990-06-12T13:38:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using radar imagery for crop discrimination: a statistical and conditional probability study","docAbstract":"<p>A number of the constraints with which remote sensing must contend in crop studies are outlined. They include sensor, identification accuracy, and congruencing constraints; the nature of the answers demanded of the sensor system; and the complex temporal variances of crops in large areas. Attention is then focused on several methods which may be used in the statistical analysis of multidimensional remote sensing data.</p><p>Crop discrimination for radar K-band imagery is investigated by three methods. The first one uses a Bayes decision rule, the second a nearest-neighbor spatial conditional probability approach, and the third the standard statistical techniques of cluster analysis and principal axes representation.</p><p>Results indicate that crop type and percent of cover significantly affect the strength of the radar return signal. Sugar beets, corn, and very bare ground are easily distinguishable, sorghum, alfalfa, and young wheat are harder to distinguish. Distinguishability will be improved if the imagery is examined in time sequence so that changes between times of planning, maturation, and harvest provide additional discriminant tools. A comparison between radar and photography indicates that radar performed surprisingly well in crop discrimination in western Kansas and warrants further study.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/S0034-4257(70)80015-3","usgsCitation":"Haralick, R.M., Caspall, F., and Simonett, D., 1970, Using radar imagery for crop discrimination: a statistical and conditional probability study: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 1, no. 2, p. 131-142, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(70)80015-3.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"131","endPage":"142","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288502,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288501,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(70)80015-3"}],"volume":"1","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"539acc5ce4b0e83db6d09050","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haralick, R. M.","contributorId":63728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haralick","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Caspall, F.","contributorId":35652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caspall","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Simonett, D.S.","contributorId":102499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simonett","given":"D.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70112295,"text":"70112295 - 1970 - The airborne infrared scanner as a geophysical research tool","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-27T14:04:54","indexId":"70112295","displayToPublicDate":"1990-06-12T13:35:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2952,"text":"Optical Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The airborne infrared scanner as a geophysical research tool","docAbstract":"<p>The infrared scanner is proving to be an effective anomaly-mapping tool, albeit one which depicts surface emission directly and heat mass transfer from depths only indirectly and at a threshold level 50 to 100 times the normal conductive heat flow of the earth. Moreover, successive terrain observations are affected by time-dependent variables such as the diurnal and seasonal warming and cooling cycle of a point on the earth's surface. In planning precise air borne surveys of radiant flux from the earth's surface, account must be taken of background noise created by variations in micrometeorological factors and emissivity of surface materials, as well as the diurnal temperature cycle. The effect of the diurnal cycle may be minimized by planning predawn aerial surveys. In fact, the diurnal change is very small for most water bodies and the emissivity factor for water (e) =~ 1 so a minimum background noise is characteristic of scanner records of calm water surfaces.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Optical Pub. Co.","publisherLocation":"Pittsfield, MA","usgsCitation":"Friedman, J.D., 1970, The airborne infrared scanner as a geophysical research tool: Optical Spectra, v. 4, no. 6, p. 35-44.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"44","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288500,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"539acc58e4b0e83db6d09027","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedman, Jules D.","contributorId":79464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Jules","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70112294,"text":"70112294 - 1970 - Computational photogrammetry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-27T14:04:00","indexId":"70112294","displayToPublicDate":"1990-06-12T13:30:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3051,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Computational photogrammetry","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Photogrammetry","publisherLocation":"Falls Church, VA","usgsCitation":"Doyle, F.J., 1970, Computational photogrammetry: Photogrammetric Engineering, v. 36, no. 6, p. 567-569.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"567","endPage":"569","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288499,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288498,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.asprs.org/Photogrammetric-Engineering-and-Remote-Sensing/PE-RS-Archive-Search-2009-and-earlier.html"}],"volume":"36","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"539acbebe4b0e83db6d08eda","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doyle, Frederick J.","contributorId":46380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doyle","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70112290,"text":"70112290 - 1970 - Photographic systems for Apollo","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-27T14:04:27","indexId":"70112290","displayToPublicDate":"1990-06-12T13:03:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3051,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Photographic systems for Apollo","docAbstract":"<p>The primary objective of the Apollo Lunar Program is to provide data for landing sites. The primary objective of Skylab is to demonstrate the ability of men to operate in space for extended periods of time. As a consequence, neither the missions nor the cameras in either program are optimum for photogrammetric operations. Nevertheless they provide an opportunity to evaluate the contribution that photogrammetry and space can make to the exploration of our own and other planetary bodies in the solar system. New equipment includes: an 18-inch fl camera exposing 430 frames on a roll of 5-inch wide film; a panoramic system of 24-inch fl, 108° sweep, 4.5 by 45-inch film for 1650 exposures; a terrain camera of 3-inch fl, 4.5 X 4.5 film frame; a stellar camera of 3-inch fl on 35-mm film; and a laser altimeter. Six multispectral cameras, 6-inch fl on 70-mm film are planned for Earth photos from Skylab.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Photogrammetry","publisherLocation":"Falls Church, VA","usgsCitation":"Doyle, F.J., 1970, Photographic systems for Apollo: Photogrammetric Engineering, v. 36, no. 10, p. 1039-1044.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1039","endPage":"1044","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288497,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288496,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.asprs.org/Photogrammetric-Engineering-and-Remote-Sensing/PE-RS-Archive-Search-2009-and-earlier.html"}],"volume":"36","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"539acc0de4b0e83db6d08fa9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doyle, Frederick J.","contributorId":46380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doyle","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70112289,"text":"70112289 - 1970 - Surveying the earth from 20,000 miles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-23T13:51:46","indexId":"70112289","displayToPublicDate":"1990-06-12T12:55:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1973,"text":"Image Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surveying the earth from 20,000 miles","docAbstract":"<p>Current space programs aimed at monitoring the earth's resources concentrate on the lower orbital altitudes of 100 to 500 nautical miles. An earth synchronous (geo-stationary) orbit is 19,400 n. mi. above the earth. A powerful telephoto camera at such a location can monitor and record many time-variant phenomena far more effectively than instruments at lower altitudes. The geo-stationary systems characteristics and problem areas related to optics and telemetry are outlined and detailed, and on-going programs are discussed as they relate to the geo-stationary system.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Image Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Technology Publishing Corp","usgsCitation":"Colvocoresses, A., 1970, Surveying the earth from 20,000 miles: Image Technology, v. 12, no. 1, p. 13-18.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"13","endPage":"18","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288495,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"539acc57e4b0e83db6d09017","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colvocoresses, A. P.","contributorId":82703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colvocoresses","given":"A. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70112288,"text":"70112288 - 1970 - ERTS-A satellite imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-27T14:03:33","indexId":"70112288","displayToPublicDate":"1990-06-12T12:48:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3051,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"ERTS-A satellite imagery","docAbstract":"<p>The first satellite designed to survey the Earth's resources is scheduled to be launched in 1972. This satellite, known as ERTS-A, will telemeter frames of imagery each covering 100-nautical-mile squares of the Earth. Except for the internal anomalies in the sensor system, the imagery, after being properly scaled, rectified, and controlled, may be considered an orthographic view of the Earth and used as a planimetric photomap. The accuracy of this photomap will be limited, principally by the geometric fidelity of the sensor system rather than by external effects, such as relief displacement, which restrict the direct cartographic use of the conventional aerial photograph. ERST-A is not designed as a topographic mapping satellite but does have real potential' for thematic mapping particularly in areas now covered by topographic maps.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Photogrammetry","publisherLocation":"Falls Church, VA","usgsCitation":"Colvocoresses, A.P., 1970, ERTS-A satellite imagery: Photogrammetric Engineering, v. 36, no. 6, p. 555-561.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"555","endPage":"561","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288494,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288493,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.asprs.org/Photogrammetric-Engineering-and-Remote-Sensing/PE-RS-Archive-Search-2009-and-earlier.html"}],"volume":"36","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"539acbf2e4b0e83db6d08f09","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colvocoresses, Alden P.","contributorId":72779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colvocoresses","given":"Alden","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":494641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70170366,"text":"70170366 - 1970 - A graphic presentation of stream gain or loss as an aid in understanding streamflow characteristics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-04T14:26:46","indexId":"70170366","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A graphic presentation of stream gain or loss as an aid in understanding streamflow characteristics","docAbstract":"<p><span>A graphic presentation of cumulative monthly stream gain or loss on a given stream reach is used as a tool to show whether the stream gain or loss is apparent or real, and to determine the magnitude, time, and cause of the gain or loss. The graphic method could also be used to determine how much of the base flow is ground-water discharge. Interpretations of the cumulative gain or loss graph are described for three reaches on the James River in northeastern South Dakota and southeastern North Dakota.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR006i001p00239","usgsCitation":"Koch, N.C., 1970, A graphic presentation of stream gain or loss as an aid in understanding streamflow characteristics: Water Resources Research, v. 6, no. 1, p. 239-245, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR006i001p00239.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"239","endPage":"245","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320172,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota, South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"James River","volume":"6","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"571756ace4b0ef3b7caa5f86","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koch, Neil C.","contributorId":64656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koch","given":"Neil","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70120899,"text":"70120899 - 1970 - Interstitial water studies on small core samples, Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 5","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-16T14:38:06","indexId":"70120899","displayToPublicDate":"1971-01-01T11:54:52","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1997,"text":"Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interstitial water studies on small core samples, Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 5","docAbstract":"<p>Leg 5 samples fall into two categories with respect to interstitial water composition: 1) rapidly deposited terrigenous or appreciably terrigenous deposits, such as in Hole 35 (western Escanaba trough, off Cape Mendocino, California); and, 2) slowly deposited pelagic clays and biogenic muds and oozes. Interstitial waters in the former show modest to slight variations in chloride and sodium, but drastic changes in non-conservative ions such as magnesium and sulfate. The pelagic deposits show only relatively minor changes in both conservative and non-conservative pore fluid constituents. As was pointed out in earlier Leg Reports, it is believed that much of the variation in chloride in pore fluids within individual holes is attributable to the manipulation of samples on board ship and in the laboratory. On the other hand, the scatter in sodium is due in part to analytical error (on the order of 2 to 3 per cent, in terms of a standard deviation), and it probably accounts for most of the discrepancies in total anion and cation balance.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>All constituents reported here, with the exception of bulk water content, were analyzed on water samples which were sealed in plastic tubes aboard ship and were subsequently opened and divided into weighed aliquots in the laboratory. Analytical methods follow the atomic absorption, wet chemical and emission spectrochemical techniques briefly summarized in previous reports, e.g. Manheim et al., 1969, and Chan and Manheim, 1970. The authors acknowledge assistance from W. Sunda, D. Kerr, C. Lawson and H. Richards, and thank D. Spencer, P. Brewer and E. Degens for allowing the use of equipment and laboratory facilities.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Management International","publisherLocation":"College Station, TX","doi":"10.2973/dsdp.proc.5.120.1970","usgsCitation":"Manheim, F., Chan, K., and Sayles, F., 1970, Interstitial water studies on small core samples, Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 5: Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, v. 5, p. 501-511, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.5.120.1970.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"501","endPage":"511","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488235,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.5.120.1970","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":292426,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Pacific Ocean","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -162.0,10.0 ], [ -162.0,60.0 ], [ -109.0,60.0 ], [ -109.0,10.0 ], [ -162.0,10.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f25fe6e4b033341871892a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manheim, F.T. 0000-0003-4005-4524","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4005-4524","contributorId":55421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manheim","given":"F.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chan, K.M.","contributorId":95399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chan","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sayles, F.L.","contributorId":77657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sayles","given":"F.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70206835,"text":"70206835 - 1970 - North American Devonian conodont biostratigraphy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-26T15:09:22.415051","indexId":"70206835","displayToPublicDate":"1970-12-31T20:11:39","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1726,"text":"GSA Memoirs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"North American Devonian conodont biostratigraphy","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Lower Devonian of Nevada provides a reference sequence of nine conodont faunas, five of which are also at Royal Creek, Yukon Territory. The first appearance of Icriodus woschmidti is comparable to that in the lower Gedinnian in Europe; the Polygnathus dehiscens- P. foveolatus lineage correlates with the Emsian. Directly associated graptolite and brachiopod zones in Nevada date the intervening conodont succession as upper Gedinnian and Siegenian. Five faunas characterize the lower Middle Devonian (Eifelian) in New York ; at least two of the lower three are present in the Illinois Basin. Illinois Basin faunas correlative to the upper two New York faunas (Seneca and Cherry Valley) have Icriodus angustus, which is absent in New York, but lack Polygnathus kockelianus, which marks the top of the New York Eifelian. Three faunas subdivide the upper Middle Devonian (Givetian) in the Illinois Basin; the lower two occur in New York and Michigan. The Middle Devonian-Upper Devonian boundary possibly falls at the base of or within beds carrying the Spathognathodus insitus fauna. Alberta and Iowa sequences from the Lower Polygnathus asymmetricus through Upper Palmatolepis gigas Zones closely correspond to the lower Upper Devonian in Germany. An Iowa section yields the standard lower Famennian zonal succession (Middle Palmatolepis triangularis through Upper Palmatolepis quadrantinodosa Zones). Higher Devonian faunas, in the western and central United States, are assigned with difficulty to the Scaphignathus velifer, Upper Polygnathus styriacus, and Spathognathodus costatus Zones. The faunal sequence of the S. costatus Zone differs significantly from that in Germany.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/MEM127-p285","issn":"00721069","usgsCitation":"Klapper , G., Sandberg, C., Collinson, C., Huddle, J.W., Orr, R., Richard, L., Schumacher, D., Seddon, G., and Uyeno, T., 1970, North American Devonian conodont biostratigraphy: GSA Memoirs, v. 127, p. 285-316, https://doi.org/10.1130/MEM127-p285.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"285","endPage":"316","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":369516,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"127","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1970-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klapper , G ","contributorId":220787,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Klapper ","given":"G ","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sandberg, Charles sandberg@usgs.gov","contributorId":199124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandberg","given":"Charles","email":"sandberg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":775990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Collinson, C","contributorId":220788,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Collinson","given":"C","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Huddle, J. W.","contributorId":29043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huddle","given":"J.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Orr, R.W.","contributorId":220789,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Orr","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Richard, L.V.","contributorId":220790,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Richard","given":"L.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schumacher, D","contributorId":220791,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schumacher","given":"D","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Seddon, G","contributorId":220792,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seddon","given":"G","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Uyeno, T.T.","contributorId":220855,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Uyeno","given":"T.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70206956,"text":"70206956 - 1970 - Volcanic history of the San Juan Mountains, Colorado, as indicated by potassium-argon dating","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-29T16:02:47.66598","indexId":"70206956","displayToPublicDate":"1970-12-31T19:36:04","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volcanic history of the San Juan Mountains, Colorado, as indicated by potassium-argon dating","docAbstract":"<p><span>Volcanic rocks in the San Juan Mountains constitute the largest erosional remnant of a once nearly continuous volcanic field that extended over much of the southern Rocky Mountains and adjacent areas in Oligocene and later time. Recent regional studies have shown that the gross petrologic evolution throughout the San Juan remnant of this field was relatively simple, with initial intermediate lavas and breccias, followed closely in time by more silicic ash-flow tuffs, and ending with a bimodal association of basalt and rhyolite. More limited data from other remnants of the original field indicate a similar evolution. In the San Juan field, voluminous early lavas and breccias - mainly alkali andesite, rhyodacite, and mafic quartz latite - were erupted from numerous scattered central volcanoes onto an eroded tectonically stable terrane. They formed mostly during the interval 35 to 30 m.y. ago, but some probably were erupted earlier and others up to several million years later. About 30 m.y. ago, major volcanic activity changed to explosive ash-flow eruptions of quartz latite and low-silica rhyolite that persisted until about 26 m.y. ago. Source areas for the ash flows are marked by large calderas in the central and western San Juan Mountains. Two groups of lavas and associated rocks of intermediate composition intertongue with the ash-flow sequence: (1) quartz latitic lavas that were erupted in and adjacent to caldera structures and are genetically related to the ash-flow activity; and (2) other, generally more mafic lavas and related rocks that are widely distributed without evident structural relation to the ash-flow eruptive centers. The second group apparently represents a continuation of the early intermediate activity into the period of major ash-flow eruption. In the early Miocene the character of volcanism changed notably. Whereas the Oligocene volcanics are predominantly intermediate lavas and related silicic differentiates, the younger rocks are largely a bimodal association of basalt and high-silica alkali rhyolite. Basalt and minor rhyolite were erupted intermittently through the Miocene and Pliocene, and at one time formed a widespread thin veneer over the older volcanic terrane. The marked contrast between the Oligocene intermediate to low-silica rhyolitic magmas and the later basaltic and rhyolitic magmas implies either different conditions of magma generation or processes of differentiation for the two suites. This petrologic change coincides approximately in time with nearby development of the Rio Grande depression, a major rift that is the local expression of widespread late Cenozoic crustal extension. Whatever the cause of the petrologic change, the progression from predominantly intermediate to bimodal basalt-rhyolite volcanism, approximately concurrent with initiation of late Tertiary crustal extension, appears characteristic of Cenozoic volcanism for much of the western interior United States. © 1970, The Geological Society of America, Inc.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1970)81[2329:VHOTSJ]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Lipman, P.W., Steven, T.A., and Mehnert, H.H., 1970, Volcanic history of the San Juan Mountains, Colorado, as indicated by potassium-argon dating: GSA Bulletin, v. 81, no. 8, p. 2329-2352, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1970)81[2329:VHOTSJ]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"2329","endPage":"2352","costCenters":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":369782,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"San Juan Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -108.87451171875,\n              37.1165261849112\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.16113281249999,\n              37.1165261849112\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.16113281249999,\n              38.453588708941375\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.87451171875,\n              38.453588708941375\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.87451171875,\n              37.1165261849112\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"81","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lipman, Peter W. 0000-0001-9175-6118 plipman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9175-6118","contributorId":3486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipman","given":"Peter","email":"plipman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":776373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steven, Thomas A.","contributorId":82977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steven","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mehnert, Harald H.","contributorId":56221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mehnert","given":"Harald","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70207467,"text":"70207467 - 1970 - Interstitial water studies on small core samples, leg 4","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-19T17:08:24","indexId":"70207467","displayToPublicDate":"1970-12-31T16:56:42","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1997,"text":"Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interstitial water studies on small core samples, leg 4","docAbstract":"<p>Reorganization and recodification of shipboard procedures for collecting interstitial waters has resulted in improved and more regular collection and analysis of pore fluids. Comparative studies of waters squeezed and analyzed on shipboard and analyzed in the shore laboratory show generally good agreement, except for some aberrations whose sources are hard to track down. Influences of pressure and temperature during squeezing on composition of effluents were re-examined for clayey samples from Leg 4 cores. Pressure was not found to be significant, whereas the temperature effects are significant, but are less than variations attributable to diagenetic reactions in the sediments. Conservative constituents, such as, chloride, sodium and bromide, remain relatively constant (within about 1.5 per cent) with changing depth in the holes; but, large depletions with respect to normal sea water occur in calcium (to 0.06 g/kg), magnesium (to 0.7), potassium (to 0.20), and sulfate (to 0.11) in most of the cores. On the other hand, large enrichments of calcium (to 1.57 g/kg) and lithium (to 1.7 ppm) occurred in Holes 24 and 24A. The depletion of several constituents in pore waters of Hole 26 (Vema fracture zone) caused a drop in total salt content to as low as 31 o/oo. However, no real dilution effects are involved, since chloride and sodium values remain typical of those in ocean bottom waters.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Science Foundation","doi":"10.2973/dsdp.proc.4.119.1970","usgsCitation":"Sayles, F., Manheim, F.T., and Chan, K., 1970, Interstitial water studies on small core samples, leg 4: Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, v. 4, p. 401-414, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.4.119.1970.","productDescription":"14","startPage":"401","endPage":"414","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488841,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.4.119.1970","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":370526,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sayles, F.L.","contributorId":77657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sayles","given":"F.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Manheim, Frank T. 0000-0003-4005-4524","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4005-4524","contributorId":20770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manheim","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chan, K.M.","contributorId":95399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chan","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70207392,"text":"70207392 - 1970 -  Correlation of aeromagnetics and aeroradioactivity with lithology in the Spotsylvania area, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-19T07:37:13","indexId":"70207392","displayToPublicDate":"1970-12-31T14:38:32","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":" Correlation of aeromagnetics and aeroradioactivity with lithology in the Spotsylvania area, Virginia","docAbstract":"<p><span>The U.S. Geological Survey made a detailed aeromagnetic and aeroradioactivity survey of 1050 sq mi of the Spotsylvania area in the Piedmont province of eastern Virginia. The study area consists of sixteen 7 1/2-minute quadrangles in Spotsylvania and adjoining counties, Virginia. East-west traverses were flown at a spacing of 1/2 mi and a flight elevation of 500 ft above ground. Geophysical data were compiled at a scale of 1:24,000, with a contour interval of 25 gammas for the magnetics and 25 counts per sec for the aeroradioactivity. The geophysical data were checked in the field, and a lithologic map was made. Correlation is excellent between geophysical data and lithologic units, and it is evident that good detailed aeromagnetic and aeroradioactivity maps can provide appreciable shortcuts in mapping an area such as the Piedmont, where lithologies are complex and outcrops sparse. Radioactivity highs are generally associated with magnetic lows, and more importantly, for purposes of geologic interpretation where the magnetic expression is flat and featureless, there is considerable radioactivity detail for geologic guidance. By using the two geophysical maps in conjunction, the geology between widely spaced outcrops can be worked out. In the study area, high radioactivity and low magnetic intensity characterize granitic rocks, many of which were not previously mapped. Mafic bodies are characterized by high magnetic values and low radioactivity. Much of the area is underlain by a sequence of metamorphosed sedimentary and volcanic rocks having alternating quartz-muscovite and magnetiferous chlorite-actinolite assemblages. © 1970, The Geological Society of America, Inc.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1970)81[3575:COAAAW]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Neuschel, S., 1970,  Correlation of aeromagnetics and aeroradioactivity with lithology in the Spotsylvania area, Virginia: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 81, no. 12, p. 3575-3582, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1970)81[3575:COAAAW]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p. ","startPage":"3575","endPage":"3582","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":370430,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia 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