Some of the basic material contained in this report originally was prepared in 1952 as instructional handouts for ground-water short courses and for training of foreign participants. The material has been revised and expanded and is presented in the present form to make it more readily available to the field hydrologist. Illustrations now present published examples of the applications suggested in the 1952 material.
For small areas, a field pumping test is sufficient to predict the characteristics of an aquifer. With a large area under study, the aquifer properties must be determined at many different locations and it is not usually economically feasible to make sufficient field tests to define the aquifer properties in detail for the whole aquifer. By supplementing a few field tests with laboratory permeability data and geologic interpretation, more point measurements representative of the hydrologic properties of the aquifer may be obtained.
A sufficient number of samples seldom can be obtained to completely identify the permeability or transmissibility in detail for a project area. However, a few judiciously chosen samples of high quality, combined with good geologic interpretation, often will permit the extrapolation of permeability information over a large area with a fair degree of reliability. The importance of adequate geologic information, as well as the importance of collecting samples representative of at least all major textural units lying within the section or area of study, cannot be overemphasized.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/ofr6367","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Johnson, A., 1963, Application of laboratory permeability data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 63-67, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr6367.","productDescription":"33 p.","numberOfPages":"43","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":344396,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1963/0067/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":156855,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1963/0067/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a48e4b07f02db62322f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, A.I.","contributorId":82676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"A.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":52357,"text":"ofr63104 - 1963 - Reconnaissance geology and hydrology on the Nett Lake Indian Reservation, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-19T10:37:01","indexId":"ofr63104","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"63-104","title":"Reconnaissance geology and hydrology on the Nett Lake Indian Reservation, Minnesota","docAbstract":"The Nett Lake Indian Reservation is in northern Minnesota, about 210 miles north of Minneapolis and St. Paul. The village of Nett Lake (population about 300) is the only community on the reservation. This report is the result of an investigation made to provide a central water source for the village, at the request of the Public Health Service of the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.\r\n\r\nThe climate of the area is continental, characterized by cool, subhumid summers and long, severe winters. The average annual precipitation is 24.2 inches.\r\n\r\nAltitudes in the area range from about 1,190 feet above mean sea level in the Little Fork River channel on the west border of the reservation to about 1,550 feet on top of the Vermilion end moraine, just south of Nett Lake. During the latter part of the Pleistocene Epoch most of the area was inundated by the waters of glacial Lake Agassiz. The area is now drained by the Little Fork River which flows north into the Rainy River, thence into Lake of the Woods, and eventually into Hudson Bay.\r\n\r\nThe geologic units in the Nett Lake area consist of unconsolidated deposits of Recent and Pleistocene age and crystalline rocks of Precambrian age.\r\n\r\nMost ground water in the Nett Lake area occurs in three different zones: 1) surficial sand and gravel deposits, 2) lake sand underlying compact lake clay, and 3) bedrock fractures. The lake sand underlying the compact clay is the best source of ground water for the village of Nett Lake. It occurs in a small channel immediately west of the village, and it ranges in depth from about 11 to 30 feet below land surface and in thickness from 0 to about 3 feet. The water level is near the surface. A test well yielded 30 gpm (gallons per minute). Two 15 gpm wells would not exceed the long-term yield of the aquifer and would be adequate for the needs of the village.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr63104","usgsCitation":"Norvitch, R., 1963, Reconnaissance geology and hydrology on the Nett Lake Indian Reservation, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 63-104, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr63104.","productDescription":"36 p.","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":86836,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1963/0104/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86837,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1963/0104/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86838,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1963/0104/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":178071,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1963/0104/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":86839,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1963/0104/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86840,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1963/0104/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86841,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1963/0104/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db64859c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Norvitch, R.F.","contributorId":107742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norvitch","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":245209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":67897,"text":"ha78 - 1963 - Floods near Fortuna, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:15","indexId":"ha78","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78","title":"Floods near Fortuna, California","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ha78","usgsCitation":"Young, L.E., 1963, Floods near Fortuna, California: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 78, 1 map :col. ;80 x 116 cm. folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ha78.","productDescription":"1 map :col. ;80 x 116 cm. folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":188811,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":89054,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/078/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"24000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.36749999999999,40.5 ], [ -124.36749999999999,40.700833333333335 ], [ -124.11749999999999,40.700833333333335 ], [ -124.11749999999999,40.5 ], [ -124.36749999999999,40.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dae4b07f02db5e05d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Young, Loren E.","contributorId":86854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Loren","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":277277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":52370,"text":"ofr63132 - 1963 - Geology and ground-water features of salt springs, seeps, and plains in the Arkansas and Red River basins of western Oklahoma and adjacent parts of Kansas and Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-02T22:44:49.57593","indexId":"ofr63132","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"63-132","title":"Geology and ground-water features of salt springs, seeps, and plains in the Arkansas and Red River basins of western Oklahoma and adjacent parts of Kansas and Texas","docAbstract":"The salt springs, seeps, and plains described in this report are in the Arkansas and Red River basins in western Oklahoma and adjacent areas in Kansas and Texas. The springs and seeps contribute significantly to the generally poor water quality of the rivers by bringing salt (NaCl) to the surface at an estimated daily rate of more than 8,000 tons. The region investigated is characterized by low hills and rolling plains. Many of the rivers are eroded 100 feet or more below the .surrounding upland surface and in places the valleys are bordered by steep bluffs. The alluvial plains of the major rivers are wide and the river channels are shallow and unstable. The flow of many surface streams is intermittent, especially in the western part of the area. All the natural salt-contributing areas studied are within the outcrop area of rocks of Permian age. The Permian rocks, commonly termed red beds, are composed principally of red and gray gypsiferous shale, siltstone, sandstone, gypsum, anhydrite, and dolomite. Many of the formations contain halite in the subsurface. The halite occurs mostly as discontinuous lenses in shale, although some of the thicker, more massive beds are extensive. It underlies the entire region studied at depths ranging from about 30 feet to more than 2,000 feet. The salt and associated strata show evidence of extensive removal of salt through solution by ground water. Although the salt generally occurs in relatively impervious shale small joints and fractures ,allow the passage of small quantities of water which dissolves the salt. Salt water occurs in the report area at depths ranging from less than 100 feet to more than 1,000 feet. Salt water occurs both as meteoric and connate, but the water emerging as salt springs is meteoric. Tritium analyses show that the age of the water from several springs is less than 20 years. The salt springs, seeps, and plains are confined to 13 local areas. The flow of the springs and seeps is small, but the chloride concentration in the water ranges from a few hundred parts per million to about 190,000 ppm. The wide range of concentration is believed to be due, in part, to differential dilution by fresh water. Alluvium in the vicinity of the salt springs remains saturated with salt water and evaporation from the alluvial surface causes the formation of a salt crust during dry weather. Those areas appear as salt plains that range in size from less than an acre to as much as 60 square miles. The rocks exposed at the surface in the vicinity of the salt springs are permeable enough to allow the infiltration of some precipitation. Under certain geologic and hydrologic conditions ground water percolates down and through salt-bearing rocks where it dissolves the salt. Hydrostatic pressure of ground water at higher elevations forces the salt water to emerge as salt springs at lower elevations.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr63132","usgsCitation":"Ward, P., 1963, Geology and ground-water features of salt springs, seeps, and plains in the Arkansas and Red River basins of western Oklahoma and adjacent parts of Kansas and Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 63-132, Report: 94 p., 7 Plates: 39.49 × 62.40 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr63132.","productDescription":"Report: 94 p., 7 Plates: 39.49 × 62.40 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":410029,"rank":10,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54580.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":86849,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1963/0132/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86848,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1963/0132/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86847,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1963/0132/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86846,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1963/0132/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86845,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1963/0132/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86844,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1963/0132/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86843,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1963/0132/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86842,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1963/0132/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":177602,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1963/0132/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Arkansas and Red River basins","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -100.5,\n 38.333\n ],\n [\n -100.5,\n 33.5\n ],\n [\n -98,\n 33.5\n ],\n [\n -98,\n 38.333\n ],\n [\n -100.5,\n 38.333\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685f64","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ward, P.E.","contributorId":40267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":245230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":45706,"text":"pp475B - 1963 - Short papers in geology and hydrology, articles 1-59","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-27T21:46:18.295436","indexId":"pp475B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"475","chapter":"B","title":"Short papers in geology and hydrology, articles 1-59","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Survey research, 1963 (Professional Paper 475)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp475B","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1963, Short papers in geology and hydrology, articles 1-59: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 475, vi, 219 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp475B.","productDescription":"vi, 219 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":82273,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0475b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":120258,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0475b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":421313,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_27953.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db687faa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":531617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70010836,"text":"70010836 - 1963 - Tritium distribution in ground water around large underground fusion explosions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-13T16:54:23.910977","indexId":"70010836","displayToPublicDate":"1963-11-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tritium distribution in ground water around large underground fusion explosions","docAbstract":"Tritium will be released in significant amounts from large underground nuclear fusion explosions in the Plowshare Program. The tritium could become highly concentrated in nearby ground waters, and could be of equal or more importance as a possible contaminant than other long-lived fission-product and induced radionuclides. Behavior of tritiated water in particular hydrologic and geologic environments, as illustrated by hypothetical explosions in dolomite and tuff, must be carefully evaluated to predict under what conditions high groundwater concentrations of tritium might occur.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.142.3596.1163","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Stead, F., 1963, Tritium distribution in ground water around large underground fusion explosions: Science, v. 142, no. 3596, p. 1163-1165, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.142.3596.1163.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"1163","endPage":"1165","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218957,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"142","issue":"3596","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb86ce4b08c986b327852","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stead, F.W.","contributorId":42653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stead","given":"F.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70221113,"text":"70221113 - 1963 - Recharge rates of principal aquifers in Lake County, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-02T13:56:06.824623","indexId":"70221113","displayToPublicDate":"1963-10-01T08:50:34","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recharge rates of principal aquifers in Lake County, Indiana","docAbstract":"The upper 350 to 400 feet of rocks underlying Lake County, Indiana, form a single but complex hydrologic system. The rock units composing this system consist (in ascending order) of dolomite, clay till (unit 4), glaciofluvial sand (unit 3), clay till (unit 2), and lacustrine sand, silt, and clay (unit 1). The dolomite and unit 3 form the principal aquifers and the clay tills, units 4 and 2, the confining layers. The geohydrology of the confining layers controls to a large extent the rate at which the aquifers are recharged from local precipitation and, thereby, their potential yield. Unit 4, the dolomite's confining layer, has an estimated average vertical permeability of about 0.003 gpd (gallon per day) per square foot. Under present conditions of head difference, the rate of recharge to the dolomite through unit 4 is estimated to average 20,000 gpd per square mile. Unit 2, the confining layer for unit 3, has an average estimated vertical permeability of about 0.007 gpd per square foot. Under present conditions of head difference the recharge through unit 3's confining layer is estimated to average about 100,000 gpd per square mile. However, these rates of recharge can be expected to increase as the head difference across each confining layer increases with extensive development of the aquifer.
","language":"English","publisher":"NGWA The Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1963.tb01928.x","usgsCitation":"Rosenshein, J., 1963, Recharge rates of principal aquifers in Lake County, Indiana: Groundwater, v. 1, no. 4, p. 13-20, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1963.tb01928.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"13","endPage":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386122,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","county":"Lake County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.528076171875,\n 41.017210578228436\n ],\n [\n -86.9073486328125,\n 41.017210578228436\n ],\n [\n -86.9073486328125,\n 41.701627343789205\n ],\n [\n -87.528076171875,\n 41.701627343789205\n ],\n [\n -87.528076171875,\n 41.017210578228436\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"1","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenshein, J.S.","contributorId":95082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenshein","given":"J.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70221114,"text":"70221114 - 1963 - The hydraulic geometry of a shallow estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-02T14:02:29.569826","indexId":"70221114","displayToPublicDate":"1963-09-01T08:59:12","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5334,"text":"International Association of Scientific Hydrology - Bulletin ","onlineIssn":"2150-3435","printIssn":"0262-6667","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The hydraulic geometry of a shallow estuary","docAbstract":"An analogy with entropy production in steady-state systems leads to a statement that the geometry of natural waterways is governed by two opposing influences: a) equal work per unit of area of bed, and b) minimum work done in the system as a whole. The resulting calculations applied to shallow, estuaries are verified by field measurements.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02626666309493340","usgsCitation":"Langbein, W.B., 1963, The hydraulic geometry of a shallow estuary: International Association of Scientific Hydrology - Bulletin , v. 8, no. 3, p. 84-94, https://doi.org/10.1080/02626666309493340.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"84","endPage":"94","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386123,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langbein, W. B.","contributorId":102053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langbein","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70221111,"text":"70221111 - 1963 - Preliminary results of a study of calcium carbonate saturation of ground water in central Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-02T12:59:17.848563","indexId":"70221111","displayToPublicDate":"1963-09-01T07:55:41","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5334,"text":"International Association of Scientific Hydrology - Bulletin ","onlineIssn":"2150-3435","printIssn":"0262-6667","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preliminary results of a study of calcium carbonate saturation of ground water in central Florida","docAbstract":"The departure of ground water from equilibrium with calcite is being studied in central Florida. Measurements of pH, temperature, and concentration of bicarbonate made in the field are used with standard laboratory analyses of water samples to calculate an ion activity product (K) for calcium carbonate. The calculated Kiap is compared with the equilibrium constant (Keq) for calcite to determine the departure from equilibrium. The calcium concentration is lowest in the area of the highest piezometric surface. Some of the highest concentrations of bicarbonate are in the area of low calcium. In about half of the area of study, the water is undersaturated with respect to calcite. This indicates that solution of limestone can occur several hundred feet below the water table.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02626666309493336","usgsCitation":"Back, W., 1963, Preliminary results of a study of calcium carbonate saturation of ground water in central Florida: International Association of Scientific Hydrology - Bulletin , v. 8, no. 3, p. 43-51, https://doi.org/10.1080/02626666309493336.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"51","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480368,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02626666309493336","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":386120,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"central Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.265380859375,\n 27.21555620902969\n ],\n [\n -79.541015625,\n 27.21555620902969\n ],\n [\n -79.541015625,\n 29.516110386062277\n ],\n [\n -83.265380859375,\n 29.516110386062277\n ],\n [\n -83.265380859375,\n 27.21555620902969\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Back, William","contributorId":59007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Back","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70221093,"text":"70221093 - 1963 - Hydrologic bench marks to distinguish the effects of climate vs. man","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-01T19:42:25.484388","indexId":"70221093","displayToPublicDate":"1963-07-01T14:39:43","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic bench marks to distinguish the effects of climate vs. man","docAbstract":"There is a vital need for hydrologic data representing various environments that are free from the effects of man's activities. Without such data hydrologists will be stymied in distinguishing hydrologic changes caused by man from those caused by climate. To provide this background information, the U. S. Geological Survey is planning a nationwide hydrologic bench‐mark program in which runoff, transport of sediment, precipitation, changes in vegetation, fluctuations in ground water, and other hydrologic events will be studied in locales unaffected by the works of man. The knowledge gained in operating these bench marks will be invaluable in statistical appraisals of hydrologic data wherein a part of the record is affected by man's activities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley Blackwell","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1963.tb01918.x","usgsCitation":"Wilson, H., 1963, Hydrologic bench marks to distinguish the effects of climate vs. man: Groundwater, v. 1, no. 3, p. 13-14, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1963.tb01918.x.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"13","endPage":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386073,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, H.D. Jr.","contributorId":51370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"H.D.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70221084,"text":"70221084 - 1963 - Some aspects of chemical equilibrium in ground water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-01T18:51:47.135535","indexId":"70221084","displayToPublicDate":"1963-07-01T13:48:46","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Some aspects of chemical equilibrium in ground water","docAbstract":"The influence of individual factors such as geologic and hydrologic characteristics of environment, biologic activity in soil, and pollutants on ground‐water composition is discussed. Aspects of chemical equilibria in ground water, sorption reactions, carbonate equilibria, chemistry of iron, and factors altering equilibria are presented.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley Blackwell","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1963.tb01924.x","usgsCitation":"Hem, J., 1963, Some aspects of chemical equilibrium in ground water: Groundwater, v. 1, no. 3, p. 30-34, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1963.tb01924.x.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"30","endPage":"34","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386058,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hem, J.D.","contributorId":54576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hem","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70010491,"text":"70010491 - 1963 - Implications of the minor element content of some major streams of the world","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-19T18:13:37.174725","indexId":"70010491","displayToPublicDate":"1963-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Implications of the minor element content of some major streams of the world","docAbstract":"Of 15 or more minor elements in the world's principal river waters only aluminum, iron, manganese, barium and strontium range much over
Hydrologic and geochemical aspects of continental runoff are strongly implied in observations of minor element content of large rivers. Evidence to date is that median values of
This report is intended to serve two purposes: (1) to make available to the public basic ground-water data useful in planning and studying development of water resources and (2) to supplement an interpretive report that will be published later.
Records were collected during the period 1956-59 by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Utah State Engineer as a part of the investigation of Ground-water conditions in the Jordan Valley, Utah. The interpretive material Will be published in a companion report by T. lendell Marine and Don Price.
This report is most useful in predicting conditions likely to be found in areas that are being considered as well sites. The person considering the new well can spot the proposed site in plate 1 and examine the records of nearby wells as shown in the tables. From table 2 he can note the type of material that yields water to wells in the vicinity; from table l he can note (1) the depth and diameter of wells in the vicinity and the yield of some of those wells, and (2) the depth to water or the feet of water pressure in the vicinity; from table 1 and plate 1 he can note the location of springs; from tables 3 and l, he can note the chemical quality of the water from wells and springs and from surface sources in the vicinity; and from table l he can find the use made of the well and spring water. If the reader decides from his examination that conditions are favorable, he can place an application to drill a well with the State Engineer. If the State Engineer believes that unappropriated water is available, the application may be approved after minimum statutory requirements have been satisfied.
The report is also useful when planning large-scale developments of water supply. This and other uses of the report will be helped by use of the interpretive report upon its release.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Utah State Engineer","usgsCitation":"Marine, I.W., and Price, D., 1963, Selected hydrologic data, Jordan Valley, Salt Lake County, Utah: Utah Basic-Data Report 4, 30 p.","productDescription":"30 p.","numberOfPages":"33","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345764,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":345763,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waterrights.utah.gov/cgi-bin/docview.exe?Folder=TP21-1-080&Title=Basic+Data+Report+4"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Salt Lake Valley","otherGeospatial":"Jordan Valley","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59bb953ae4b091459a57822d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marine, I. Wendell","contributorId":49339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marine","given":"I.","email":"","middleInitial":"Wendell","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Price, Don","contributorId":30608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"Don","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70190792,"text":"70190792 - 1963 - Selected hydrologic data, Tooele Valley, Tooele County, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-14T11:09:23","indexId":"70190792","displayToPublicDate":"1963-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5497,"text":"Utah Basic-Data Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"7","title":"Selected hydrologic data, Tooele Valley, Tooele County, Utah","docAbstract":"This report is intended to serve two purposes: (1) to make available to the public basic ground-water data useful in planning and studying development of water resources, and (2) to supplement an interpretive report that will be published later.
Records were collected during the period 1958-63 by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Utah State Engineer as part of the investigation of ground-water conditions in Tooele Valley, Tooele County, Utah. Additional data, collected prior to this study, can be found in the reports listed in the bibliography, and in the Water-Supply Papers of the Geological Survey listed at the beginning of table 2. The interpretive material will be published in a companion report by Joseph S. Gates.
This report is most useful in predicting conditions likely to be found in areas that are being considered as well sites. The person considering the new well can spot the proposed site on plate 1 and examine the records of nearby wells as shown in the tables and figures. From table I he can note such things as depth, diameter, water level, yield, drawdown, use of water, temperature of water, and depth of perforations. By comparing the depth of perforations with the drillers' logs in table 3 he can note the type of material that yields water to the wells. Table 2 and figures 2, 3, and 4 show the historic fluctuations and trends of water levels in the vicinity. From table 4 he can note the chemical quality of the water from wells in the vicinity. Table 5 shows the amount of water discharged during 1962 from the pumped wells. If the reader decides from his examination that conditions are favorable he can place an application to drill a well with the State Engineer. If the State Engineer believes unappropriated water is available, the application may be approved after minimum statutory requirements have been satisfied.
The report is also useful when planning large-scale developments of water supply. This and other uses of the report will be helped by use of the interpretive report upon its release.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Utah State Engineer","usgsCitation":"Gates, J., 1963, Selected hydrologic data, Tooele Valley, Tooele County, Utah: Utah Basic-Data Report 7, 23 p.","productDescription":"23 p.","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345758,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":345757,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waterrights.utah.gov/cgi-bin/docview.exe?Folder=TP21-1-140&Title=Basic+Data+Report+7"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Tooele County","otherGeospatial":"Tooele Valley","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59bb953be4b091459a578236","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gates, Joseph S.","contributorId":21647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gates","given":"Joseph S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":32753,"text":"pp403C - 1963 - Petrology of the volcanic rocks of Guam, with a section on trace elements in the volcanic rocks of Guam","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-15T16:24:21.582891","indexId":"pp403C","displayToPublicDate":"1963-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"403","chapter":"C","title":"Petrology of the volcanic rocks of Guam, with a section on trace elements in the volcanic rocks of Guam","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology and hydrology of Guam, Mariana Islands (Professional Paper 403)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp403C","usgsCitation":"Stark, J.T., and Tracey, J.I., 1963, Petrology of the volcanic rocks of Guam, with a section on trace elements in the volcanic rocks of Guam: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 403, iv, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp403C.","productDescription":"iv, 32 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415898,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_44668.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":119255,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0403c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":60687,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0403c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"otherGeospatial":"Guam","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 144.6075439453125,\n 13.213208268446683\n ],\n [\n 145.0689697265625,\n 13.213208268446683\n ],\n [\n 145.0689697265625,\n 13.7153719325982\n ],\n [\n 144.6075439453125,\n 13.7153719325982\n ],\n [\n 144.6075439453125,\n 13.213208268446683\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adfe4b07f02db687c6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stark, J. T.","contributorId":62650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stark","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tracey, J. I. Jr.","contributorId":17205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tracey","given":"J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1149,"text":"wsp1669C - 1963 - Hydrology of upper Black Earth Creek basin, Wisconsin, with a section on surface water","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":52076,"text":"ofr6029 - 1960 - A preliminary report of the geology and ground-water resources of Upper Black Earth Creek Basin, Wisconsin, with a section on surface water","indexId":"ofr6029","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"title":"A preliminary report of the geology and ground-water resources of Upper Black Earth Creek Basin, Wisconsin, with a section on surface water"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1149,"text":"wsp1669C - 1963 - Hydrology of upper Black Earth Creek basin, Wisconsin, with a section on surface water","indexId":"wsp1669C","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"Hydrology of upper Black Earth Creek basin, Wisconsin, with a section on surface water"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-27T21:46:12.820397","indexId":"wsp1669C","displayToPublicDate":"1963-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1669","chapter":"C","title":"Hydrology of upper Black Earth Creek basin, Wisconsin, with a section on surface water","docAbstract":"The upper Black Earth Creek drainage basin has an area of 46 square miles and is in Dane County in south-central Wisconsin. The oldest rock exposed in the valley walls is the sandstone of Late Cambrian age. Dolomite of the Prairie du Chien Group of Ordovician age overlies the sandstone and forms the. resistant cap on the hills. The St. Peter Sandstone, Platteville and Decorah Formations, and Galena Dolomite, all Ordovician in age, form a narrow belt along the southern boundary of the area. Outwash and alluvium of Pleistocene and Recent age fill the valleys. The eastern half of the area was glaciated and is covered with till. The sandstone of Late Cambrian age and the sand and gravel of the outwash deposits are hydraulically connected. Ground water occurs under unconfined (water-table) conditions in the western unglaciated part of the basin and under artesian conditions beneath the till locally in the eastern part. The source of most of the ground water is direct infiltration of precipitation; however, some ground water enters the area as underflow from the south. About 7 inches of the 30 inches of average annual precipitation recharges the ground-water reservoir. The ground water generally moves toward Black Earth Creek where it is discharged. Some ground water moves out of the basin as underflow beneath the valley of Black Earth Creek, and some is discharged by evapotranspiration or is withdrawn by pumping from wells. Water levels in shallow nonartesian wells respond rapidly to precipitation. The effect of precipitation on water levels in artesian wells is slower and more subdued. Water levels are generally highest in spring and lowest in fall and winter. The flow of upper Black Earth Creek is derived mostly from ground-water discharge, except during short periods of and immediately after precipitation when most of the flow is derived from surface runoff. The runoff from upper Black Earth Creek basin decreased from an average of 8.72 inches per square mile of drainage area in 1955 to 5.55 inches in 1958; the decrease reflects the generally decreasing precipitation and declining water levels in the basin during that period. On July 10, 1958, the discharge from the basin was 0.367 cubic feet per second per square mile, and the greatest discharge was 0.84 cubic feet per second per square mile from the southwest subbasin. The ground water has an average temperature of about 50°F. It is a calcium magnesium bicarbonate type water and is very hard.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to the hydrology of the United States (Water-Supply Paper 1669)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1669C","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey","usgsCitation":"Cline, D.R., and Busby, M., 1963, Hydrology of upper Black Earth Creek basin, Wisconsin, with a section on surface water: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1669, Report: iv, 27 p.; 5 Plates:18.00 x 15.65 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1669C.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 27 p.; 5 Plates:18.00 x 15.65 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":25944,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137643,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25940,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669c/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25939,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669c/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":422984,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24862.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":25941,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669c/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25943,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669c/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25942,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1669c/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Dane County","otherGeospatial":"Black Earth Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.81494903564453,\n 43.04079076668198\n ],\n [\n -89.81494903564453,\n 43.21193220073775\n ],\n [\n -89.52999114990234,\n 43.21193220073775\n ],\n [\n -89.52999114990234,\n 43.04079076668198\n ],\n [\n -89.81494903564453,\n 43.04079076668198\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc7d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cline, Denzel R.","contributorId":87910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cline","given":"Denzel","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Busby, Mark W.","contributorId":83099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busby","given":"Mark W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70009998,"text":"70009998 - 1963 - Applications of geohydrologic concepts in geology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-19T18:23:16.28895","indexId":"70009998","displayToPublicDate":"1963-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Applications of geohydrologic concepts in geology","docAbstract":"Subsurface water, an active agent in many geologic proceses, must be considered in interpreting geologic phenomena. Principles of the occurrence, distribution, and movement of subsurface waters are well established and readily applicable. In many interpretations in geologic literature, geohydrologic principles have been employed realistically, but in many others these principles have been either ignored or violated.
Explanations of genesis of underclays and associated deposits afford some examples wherein principles of movement and activity of vadose and ground water have been ignored and others in which they have been used advantageously. Postulates stating that waters percolate downward from swamp areas do not allow for the usual movement of subsurface water in such environments. The idea that sediments were leached by vadose water after uplift satisfies the geohydrologic requirements.
Weathering and solution form porous and permeable zones subjacent to unconformities in dense rocks such as carbonates and granites; this illustrates the geohydrologic and economic significance of unconformities. Examples are Mohawkian carbonate aquifers of northern Illinois and oil-bearing limestones of Mississippian age of eastern Montana.
The flushing effects of meteoric water and other hydrodynamic factors active during erosion periods are important elements in the genesis and concentration of brines. Explanation of the origin and occurrence of brines must include consideration of the geohydrologic environments throughout their geologic history.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(63)90031-3","usgsCitation":"Maxey, G.B., and Hackett, J.E., 1963, Applications of geohydrologic concepts in geology: Journal of Hydrology, v. 1, no. 1, p. 35-45, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(63)90031-3.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"45","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218768,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ecc7e4b0c8380cd4949e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maxey, G. B.","contributorId":76458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maxey","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hackett, J. E.","contributorId":72119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackett","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70190787,"text":"70190787 - 1963 - Selected hydrologic data, Pavant Valley, Millard County, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-14T10:46:05","indexId":"70190787","displayToPublicDate":"1963-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5497,"text":"Utah Basic-Data Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"5","title":"Selected hydrologic data, Pavant Valley, Millard County, Utah","docAbstract":"This report is intended to serve two purposes: (1) to make available to the public basic ground-water data useful in planning and studying development of water resources and (2) to supplement an interpretive report that will be published later.
Records were collected during the period 1959-62 by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Utah State Engineer as a part of the investigation of ground-water conditions in Pavant Valley in Millard County, Utah. The interpretive material will be published in a companion report by Reed W. Mower.
This report is most useful in predicting conditions likely to be found in areas that are being considered as well sites. The person considering the new well can spot the proposed site on plate l and examine the records of nearby wells as shown in the tables. From tables l and 3 he can note the type of material that yields water to wells in the vicinity; from table 1 he can note (1) the depth and diameter of wells in the vicinity and the yield of some of those wells, and (2) the depth to water or the feet of water pressure in the vicinity; from table 2 he can note the historic fluctuations and trends of water levels in the vicinity; from table 4 he can note the chemical quality of the water from wells in the vicinity; and from table l he can find the use made of the well water. If the reader decides from his examination that conditions are favorable, he can place an application to drill a well with the State Engineer. If the State Engineer believes unappropriated water is available, the application may be approved after minimum statutory requirements have been satisfied.
The report is also useful when planning large-scale developments of water supply. This and other uses of the report will be helped by use of the interpretive report upon its release.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, Utah","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Utah State Engineer","usgsCitation":"Mower, R.W., 1963, Selected hydrologic data, Pavant Valley, Millard County, Utah: Utah Basic-Data Report 5, 20 p.","productDescription":"20 p.","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345748,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":345747,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waterrights.utah.gov/cgi-bin/docview.exe?Folder=TP21-1-100&Title=Basic+Data+Report+5"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Millard County","otherGeospatial":"Pavant Valley","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59bb953be4b091459a57823a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mower, Reed W.","contributorId":32503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mower","given":"Reed","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70047838,"text":"70047838 - 1962 - Data on wells in the Edwards Air Force Base area, California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":52083,"text":"ofr6041 - 1960 - Appendix A \"Tables of basic data for wells on Edwards Air Force Base,\"; Appendix B \"Tables of basic data for areas outside Edwards Air Force Base\"","indexId":"ofr6041","publicationYear":"1960","noYear":false,"title":"Appendix A \"Tables of basic data for wells on Edwards Air Force Base,\"; Appendix B \"Tables of basic data for areas outside Edwards Air Force Base\""},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70047838,"text":"70047838 - 1962 - Data on wells in the Edwards Air Force Base area, California","indexId":"70047838","publicationYear":"1962","noYear":false,"title":"Data on wells in the Edwards Air Force Base area, California"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-26T17:09:35","indexId":"70047838","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T16:17:00","publicationYear":"1962","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":105,"text":"Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"91-6","title":"Data on wells in the Edwards Air Force Base area, California","docAbstract":"The data presented In this report were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey as a phase of the investigation of ground-water geology and hydrology of the Edwards Air Force Base area. The study was made in cooperation with the Department of the Air Force but also was coincident with the U.S. Geological Survey investigation of water wells and general hydrologic conditions throughout much of the desert region of southern California. The overall study of general hydrologic conditions in the desert is part of a cooperative program with the California Department of Water Resources.","language":"English","publisher":"California Department of Water Resources","publisherLocation":"Sacramento, CA","collaboration":"Prepared by United States Department of Interior Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Dutcher, L., Bader, J., and Hiltgen, W., 1962, Data on wells in the Edwards Air Force Base area, California: Bulletin 91-6, 209 p.; Maps: 2 Sheets.","productDescription":"209 p.; Maps: 2 Sheets","numberOfPages":"236","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":277019,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70047838.png"},{"id":277018,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.water.ca.gov/waterdatalibrary/docs/historic/Bulletins/Bulletin_91/Bulletin_91-6__1962.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Edwards Air Force Base","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.058539,34.776789 ], [ -118.058539,35.014831 ], [ -117.753877,35.014831 ], [ -117.753877,34.776789 ], [ -118.058539,34.776789 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"521c78e4e4b01458f7842924","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dutcher, L.C.","contributorId":42191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dutcher","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bader, J. 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(Contour interval 5 feet. 30 by 31 inches)), https://doi.org/10.3133/ha47.","productDescription":"1 map :col. ;on sheet 72 x 84 in folder 30 x 24. (Contour interval 5 feet. 30 by 31 inches))","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":188097,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":90418,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/047/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"24000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83.18333333333334,41.25 ], [ -83.18333333333334,41.3675 ], [ -83.05,41.3675 ], [ -83.05,41.25 ], [ -83.18333333333334,41.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e7280","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":68252,"text":"ha31 - 1962 - Preliminary map showing valley-fill areas and source, occurrence and movement of ground water in the western part of the Mojave Desert region, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-14T19:40:08.005031","indexId":"ha31","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1962","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"31","title":"Preliminary map showing valley-fill areas and source, occurrence and movement of ground water in the western part of the Mojave Desert region, California","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ha31","usgsCitation":"Kunkel, F., 1962, Preliminary map showing valley-fill areas and source, occurrence and movement of ground water in the western part of the Mojave Desert region, California: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 31, 1 Plate: 46.00 × 32.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ha31.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 46.00 × 32.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":189678,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":89638,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/031/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":400446,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_15682.htm"}],"scale":"316800","country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.333,\n 35.27\n ],\n [\n -116.5,\n 35.27\n ],\n [\n -116.5,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -118.333,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -118.333,\n 35.27\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6be4b07f02db63d7dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kunkel, Fred","contributorId":47766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunkel","given":"Fred","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":277913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":68213,"text":"ha77 - 1962 - Floods at Bayamon and Catano, Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:28","indexId":"ha77","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1962","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77","title":"Floods at Bayamon and Catano, Puerto Rico","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ha77","usgsCitation":"Lopez, M., 1962, Floods at Bayamon and Catano, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 77, 1 col. map ;on sheet 80 x 104 cm. in folder 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ha77.","productDescription":"1 col. map ;on sheet 80 x 104 cm. in folder 30 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":185627,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":89563,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/077/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"20000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -66.18361111111112,18.3675 ], [ -66.18361111111112,18.483333333333334 ], [ -66.10027777777778,18.483333333333334 ], [ -66.10027777777778,18.3675 ], [ -66.18361111111112,18.3675 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e72ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lopez, Miguel A.","contributorId":32202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lopez","given":"Miguel A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":277851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}