Northern high‐latitude lakes are undergoing climate‐induced changes including shifts in their hydrologic connectivity with terrestrial ecosystems. How this will impact dissolved organic matter (DOM) biogeochemistry remains uncertain. We examined the drivers of DOM composition for lakes in the Yukon Flats Basin in Alaska, an arid region of low relief that is characteristic of over one‐quarter of circumpolar lake area. Utilizing the vascular plant biomarker lignin, chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), and ultrahigh‐resolution mass spectrometry, we interpreted DOM compositional changes using lake‐water stable isotope (δ18O‐H2O) composition as a proxy for lake hydrologic connectivity with the landscape. We observed a relative decrease in CDOM in more hydrologically isolated lakes (enriched δ18O‐H2O) without a corresponding decrease in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration. Although DOC and CDOM were weakly correlated, a significant positive relationship between lignin and CDOM (r2 = 0.67) demonstrates that optical parameters are useful for estimating lignin concentration and thus vascular plant contribution to lake DOM. Indicators of allochthonous DOM, including lignin carbon normalized yields, CDOM aromaticity proxies, and relative abundances of polyphenolic and condensed aromatic compound classes, were negatively correlated with δ18O‐H2O (r2 > 0.45), suggesting there is little allochthonous DOM supplied to many of these hydrologically isolated lakes. We conclude that decreased lake hydrologic connectivity, driven by ongoing climate change (i.e., decreased precipitation, warming temperatures), will reduce allochthonous DOM contributions and shift lakes toward lower CDOM systems with ecosystem‐scale ramifications for heat transfer, photochemical reactions, productivity, and ultimately their biogeochemical function.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/lno.11417","usgsCitation":"Johnston, S.E., Striegl, R.G., Bogard, M.J., Dornblaser, M.M., Butman, D.E., Kellerman, A.M., Wickland, K.P., Podgorski, D.C., and Spencer, R., 2020, Hydrologic connectivity determines dissolved organic matter biogeochemistry in northern high-latitude lakes: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 65, no. 8, p. 1764-1780, https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11417.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1764","endPage":"1780","ipdsId":"IP-114991","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":373035,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon Flats Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.40136718749997,\n 66.53076810915225\n ],\n [\n -142.49267578125,\n 66.53076810915225\n ],\n [\n -142.49267578125,\n 69.4960701797534\n ],\n [\n -156.40136718749997,\n 69.4960701797534\n ],\n [\n -156.40136718749997,\n 66.53076810915225\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"65","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-02-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnston, Sarah Ellen","contributorId":213256,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnston","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"Ellen","affiliations":[{"id":7092,"text":"Florida State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":784249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Striegl, Robert G. 0000-0002-8251-4659 rstriegl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-4659","contributorId":1630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striegl","given":"Robert","email":"rstriegl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":784250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bogard, Matthew J. 0000-0001-9491-0328","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9491-0328","contributorId":213254,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bogard","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":784251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dornblaser, Mark M. 0000-0002-6298-3757 mmdornbl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6298-3757","contributorId":1636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dornblaser","given":"Mark","email":"mmdornbl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":784252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Butman, David E.","contributorId":145535,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Butman","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":16142,"text":"School of Environmental and Forest Sciences & Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":784253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kellerman, Anne M.","contributorId":204172,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kellerman","given":"Anne","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7092,"text":"Florida State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":784254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wickland, Kimberly P. 0000-0002-6400-0590 kpwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6400-0590","contributorId":1835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wickland","given":"Kimberly","email":"kpwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":784248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Podgorski, David C.","contributorId":178153,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Podgorski","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":784255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Spencer, Robert G. M.","contributorId":139731,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spencer","given":"Robert G. M.","affiliations":[{"id":12894,"text":"Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":784256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70208326,"text":"fs20203005 - 2020 - \"Modified Unified Method\" of carp capture","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-07T06:14:37","indexId":"fs20203005","displayToPublicDate":"2020-02-06T15:49:37","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2020-3005","displayTitle":"\"Modified Unified Method\" of Carp Capture","title":"\"Modified Unified Method\" of carp capture","docAbstract":"Populations of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (silver carp) and Hypophthalmichthys nobilis (bighead carp), (together referred to herein as “bigheaded carp”) have increased exponentially in the greater Mississippi River Basin. Detrimental effects on native fish and economically important fisheries have occurred where these invasive, filter-feeding fish are abundant. The Unified Method, a harvest technique developed in China for bigheaded carp in flood plain lakes, uses herding techniques and a variety of nets to drive bigheaded carp and concentrate them into an area where they can be easily harvested. The U.S. Geological Survey is adapting the Chinese Unified Method concepts to be consistent with North American financial, societal, and environmental conditions. We have modified these techniques and incorporated modern technology to reduce the time and expense of Unified Methods and to allow them to be used in public waters. Thus, the operations in North America are often described as the “Modified Unified Method.” The U.S. Geological Survey is studying and refining the Modified Unified Method to provide stakeholders with efficient, validated, and environmentally friendly methods for carp removal; however, this method is still new to the United States and additional research is needed to further increase the efficiency of Modified Unified Method operations.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20203005","usgsCitation":"Chapman, D.C., 2020, \"Modified Unified Method\" of carp capture: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2020–3005, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20203005.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-115946","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":372124,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2020/3005/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":372125,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2020/3005/fs20203005.pdf","text":"Report","size":"416 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2020–5003"}],"contact":"Director, Columbia Environmental Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
4200 New Haven Road
Columbia, MO 65201
Each chapter of the 2020 edition of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Mineral Commodity Summaries (MCS) includes information on events, trends, and issues for each mineral commodity as well as discussions and tabular presentations on domestic industry structure, Government programs, tariffs, 5-year salient statistics, and world production and resources. The MCS is the earliest comprehensive source of 2019 mineral production data for the world. More than 90 individual minerals and materials are covered by two-page synopses.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mcs2020","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 2020, Mineral commodity summaries 2020: U.S. Geological Survey, 200 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/mcs2020.","productDescription":"200 p.","numberOfPages":"204","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-113182","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371766,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2020/mcs2020.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"MCS 2020"},{"id":371765,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2020/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":399334,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_109665.htm"},{"id":372005,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/nmic/commodity-statistics-and-information","text":"Commodity Statistics and Information"},{"id":371767,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/nmic/mineral-commodity-summaries","text":"Mineral Commodity Summaries Prior to 2020"}],"contact":"Director, National Minerals Information Center
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
988 National Center
Reston, VA 20192
Email: nmicrecordsmgt@usgs.gov
In 2014, groundwater samples from residential and public supply wells in the vicinity of two former U.S. Navy bases at Willow Grove and Warminster, and an active Air National Guard Station at Horsham, Bucks and Montgomery Counties, Pennsylvania, were found to have concentrations of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), which are per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), above U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) provisional health advisory (HA) levels for drinking water. Five supply wells near the bases were shut down because of PFAS contamination. In 2016, after EPA established a Lifetime HA for PFAS in drinking water that is lower than the provisional HA in place in 2014, at least 13 additional supply wells near the bases were shut down because of PFAS contamination. At the request of the U.S. Navy, and in consultation with other Federal and State agencies and local stakeholders, the U.S. Geological Survey used historical and recent data on well withdrawals, recharge rates, aquifer properties, groundwater levels, and stream base flow to evaluate regional groundwater-flow paths from identified areas of PFAS groundwater contamination or potential PFAS sources at the bases. Groundwater withdrawals near the bases from public supply and other large wells decreased substantially from the 1990s to 2017, increasing the proportion of groundwater recharge that discharged to local streams. A preliminary groundwater-flow model, calibrated using 1,009 groundwater levels and 17 stream base flow estimates, simulated regional flow paths from the bases and showed that recharge at the bases discharged to withdrawal wells and local streams, generally within a mile or two of the bases. Supply and remediation wells at the bases captured some of the recharge on base areas of possible PFAS contamination, whereas other base recharge was simulated to flow to nearby public supply wells and streams, depending on water use and aquifer recharge conditions between 1999 and 2017. The locations of many residential wells near the bases that were identified by the Navy and Air National Guard as having elevated PFAS concentrations were generally consistent with the simulated flow paths from possible sources at the bases. However, there are some areas of observed PFAS contamination where no flow paths from base sources were simulated. Additionally, no data were available on PFAS concentrations in groundwater in some areas of simulated flow paths from base sources. Data and models used for this study are provided in this report and in digital data releases to support further investigations and model revisions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20191137","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Navy","usgsCitation":"Goode, D.J., and Senior, L.A., 2020, Groundwater withdrawals and regional flow paths at and near Willow Grove and Warminster, Pennsylvania—Data compilation and preliminary simulations for conditions in 1999, 2010, 2013, 2016, and 2017: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2019–1137, 127 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191137.","productDescription":"Report: x, 127 p.; 2 Data Releases","numberOfPages":"138","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-113639","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":399427,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_109664.htm"},{"id":371906,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ZGEI67","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Groundwater levels, groundwater withdrawals, and point-source discharges to streams in the vicinity of Willow Grove and Warminster, Bucks and Montgomery Counties, Pennsylvania, for selected years during 1999–2017"},{"id":371905,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9K36P5S","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"MODFLOW 6 and MODPATH 7 model data sets used to evaluate groundwater flow in the vicinity of Horsham and Warminster, Bucks and Montgomery Counties, Pennsylvania—Preliminary simulations for conditions in 1999, 2010, 2013, 2016, and 2017"},{"id":372113,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1137/ofr20191137.pdf","text":"Report","size":"21.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2019-1137"},{"id":371903,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1137/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Bucks County, Montgomery County","city":"Warminster, Willow Grove","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.3536,\n 40.0678\n ],\n [\n -74.9167,\n 40.0678\n ],\n [\n -74.9167,\n 40.2967\n ],\n [\n -75.3536,\n 40.2967\n ],\n [\n -75.3536,\n 40.0678\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Pennsylvania Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 17070
The Gales Creek fault (GCF) is a 60-km-long, northwest-striking dextral fault system (west of Portland, Oregon) that accommodates northward motion and uplift of the Oregon Coast Range. New geologic mapping and geophysical models confirm inferred offsets from earlier geophysical surveys and document ∼12 km of right-lateral offset of a basement high in Eocene Siletz River Volcanics since ca. 35 Ma and ∼8.8 km of right-lateral separation of Miocene Columbia River Basalt at Newberg, Oregon, since 15 Ma (∼0.62 ± 0.12 mm/yr, average long-term rate). Relative uplift of Eocene Coast Range basalt basement west of the fault zone is at least 5 km based on depth to basement under the Tualatin Basin from a recent inversion of gravity data. West of the city of Forest Grove, the fault consists of two subparallel strands ∼7 km apart. The westernmost, Parsons Creek strand, forms a linear valley southward to Henry Hagg Lake, where it continues southward to Newberg as a series of en echelon strands forming both extensional and compressive step-overs. Compressive step-overs in the GCF occur at intersections with ESE-striking sinistral faults crossing the Coast Range, suggesting the GCF is the eastern boundary of an R′ Riedel shear domain that could accommodate up to half of the ∼45° of post–40 Ma clockwise rotation of the Coast Range documented by paleomagnetic studies. Gravity and magnetic anomalies suggest the western strands of the GCF extend southward beneath Newberg into the Northern Willamette Valley, where colinear magnetic anomalies have been correlated with the Mount Angel fault, the proposed source of the 1993 M 5.7 Scotts Mills earthquake. The potential-field data and water-well data also indicate the eastern, Gales Creek strand of the fault may link to the NNW-striking Canby fault through the E-W Beaverton fault to form a 30-km-wide compressive step-over along the south side of the Tualatin Basin. LiDAR data reveal right-lateral stream offsets of as much as 1.5 km, shutter ridges, and other youthful geomorphic features for 60 km along the geophysical and geologic trace of the GCF north of Newberg, Oregon. Paleoseismic trenches document Eocene bedrock thrust over 250 ka surficial deposits along a reverse splay of the fault system near Yamhill, Oregon, and Holocene motion has been recently documented on the GCF along Scoggins Creek and Parsons Creek. The GCF could produce earthquakes in excess of Mw 7, if the entire 60 km segment ruptured in one earthquake. The apparent subsurface links of the GCF to other faults in the Northern Willamette Valley suggest that other faults in the system may also be active.
1. Managing for threatened and endangered species under changing environmental conditions is a challenge faced by resource managers worldwide. Lack of basic knowledge of the biology and habitat requirements of these species can contribute to this difficulty, but is confounded by the limitations of working with rare (i.e. few individuals) species or unrefined methods for evaluating stress.
2. A weight of evidence approach was used to evaluate the thermal biology of the federally endangered dwarf wedgemussel (Alasmidonta heterodon), utilizing cumulative results from multiple experimental assessments, co-occurring species, and their host fish to begin defining thermal limits and optimal conditions for the species.
3. Results suggest that dwarf wedgemussel and its host fish are thermally sensitive species compared to other Atlantic-slope mussels, with lower critical thermal maximum and selection of reduced temperatures during choice experiments.
4. Physiological studies resulted in lack of statistical significance primarily due to low power which was a function of sample size, one unavoidable problem when studying rare species. Given these limitations, thermal choice and CTM may be more useful endpoints than physiological processes such as clearance and respiration rates when dealing with sample size limitations.
5. These results suggest that management strategies that avoid exposing dwarf wedgemussel and its thermally sensitive host fish to extreme temperatures could be important for species conservation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/aqc.3287","collaboration":"","usgsCitation":"Galbraith, H., Blakeslee, C.J., Spooner, D.E., and Lellis, W.A., 2020, A weight-of-evidence approach for defining thermal sensitivity in a federally endangered species: Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, v. 30, no. 3, p. 540-553, https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.3287.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"540","endPage":"553","ipdsId":"IP-098162","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437123,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9T7YVOW","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Laboratory studies on the thermal biology of freshwater mussels and their host fish species"},{"id":374188,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey, Pennsylvania","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.749755859375,\n 38.66835610151506\n ],\n [\n -73.95996093749999,\n 38.66835610151506\n ],\n [\n -73.95996093749999,\n 41.78769700539063\n ],\n [\n -79.749755859375,\n 41.78769700539063\n ],\n [\n -79.749755859375,\n 38.66835610151506\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-02-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Galbraith, Heather 0000-0003-3704-3517","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3704-3517","contributorId":207512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galbraith","given":"Heather","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":787622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blakeslee, Carrie J. 0000-0002-0801-5325 cblakeslee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0801-5325","contributorId":5462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakeslee","given":"Carrie","email":"cblakeslee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":787623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spooner, Daniel E. 0000-0002-5408-4364 dspooner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5408-4364","contributorId":4603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spooner","given":"Daniel","email":"dspooner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":787624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lellis, William A. 0000-0001-7806-2904 wlellis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7806-2904","contributorId":2369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lellis","given":"William","email":"wlellis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":787625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70219459,"text":"70219459 - 2020 - Did ice-charging generate volcanic lightning during the 2016–2017 eruption of Bogoslof volcano, Alaska?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-08T12:43:36.88489","indexId":"70219459","displayToPublicDate":"2020-02-06T07:41:23","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Did ice-charging generate volcanic lightning during the 2016–2017 eruption of Bogoslof volcano, Alaska?","docAbstract":"The 2016–2017 shallow submarine eruption of Bogoslof volcano in Alaska injected plumes of ash and seawater to maximum heights of ~ 12 km. More than 4550 volcanic lightning strokes were detected by the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) and Vaisala’s Global Lightning Dataset (GLD360) over 9 months. Lightning assisted monitoring efforts by confirming ash-producing explosions in near-real time, but only 32 out of the 70 explosive events produced detectable lightning. What led to electrical activity within some of the volcanic plumes, but not others? And why did the lightning intensity wax and wane over the lifetime of individual explosions? We address these questions using multiparametric observations from ground-based lightning sensors, satellite imagery, photographs, acoustic signals, and 1D plume modeling. Detailed time-series of monitoring data show that the plumes did not produce detectable lightning until they rose higher than the atmospheric freezing level (approximated by − 20 °C temperatures). For example, on 28 May 2017 (event 40), the delayed onset of lightning coincides with modeled ice formation in upper levels of the plume. Model results suggest that microphysical conditions inside the plume rivaled those of severe thunderstorms, with liquid water contents > 5 g m−3 and vigorous updrafts > 40 m s−1 in the mixed-phase region where liquid water and ice coexist. Based on these findings, we infer that ‘thunderstorm-style’ collisional ice-charging catalyzed the volcanic lightning. However, charge mechanisms likely operated on a continuum, with silicate collisions dominating electrification in the near-vent region, and ice charging taking over in the upper-level plumes. A key implication of this study is that lightning during the Bogoslof eruption provided a reliable indicator of sustained, ash-rich plumes (and associated hazards) above the atmospheric freezing level.
Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) survival and population growth in north-central New Mexico, USA, was previously reported to be limited by nutritional constraints due to poor forage conditions in degraded habitats. Management recommendations suggested thinning of pinyon–juniper to improve habitat quality for mule deer. To evaluate the influence of these vegetation treatments, we monitored habitat selection by 48 adult female mule deer from 2011 to 2013 in a population previously reported to be nutritionally limited. Monitoring occurred 1–4 years after completion of treatments that were intended to improve forage conditions, including mechanical reduction of pinyon pine (Pinus edulis) and juniper (Juniperus spp.) density and senescent brush (Quercus gambelii–Cercocarpus montanus) cover. During the summer season, deer selected recently treated areas, but odds ratios decreased with treatment age. However, during winter, deer avoided more recently treated areas and selected thinned areas >4 years old. Deer selected mixed oak (Quercus spp.) and pinyon–juniper savanna vegetation cover types with a moderately open canopy and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests while avoiding grasslands and montane shrublands across all seasons. Deer selected areas closer to water and developed areas, northeast aspects, on gentle slopes, and at lower elevations. Creating a savanna-like cover type may elicit a positive deer response as a result of their strong avoidance of dense, closed canopy pinyon–juniper woodlands. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Decarboxylation of carboxylic acids is favored under hydrothermal conditions, and can be influenced by dissolved metals. Here, we use phenylacetic acid as a model compound to study its hydrothermal decarboxylation in the presence of copper(II) salts but no O2. Our results showed a strong oxidizing role of copper in facilitating oxidative decarboxylation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Royal Society of Chemistry","doi":"10.1039/C9CC09825A","usgsCitation":"Fu, X., Jamison, M., Jubb, A., Liao, Y., Aspin, A., Hayes, K., Glein, C.R., and Yang, Z., 2020, Effect of copper salts on hydrothermal oxidative decarboxylation: A study of phenylacetic acid: Chemical Communications (London), v. 56, no. 18, p. 2791-2794, https://doi.org/10.1039/C9CC09825A.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"2791","endPage":"2794","ipdsId":"IP-114238","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":372256,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"18","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fu, Xuan","contributorId":222396,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fu","given":"Xuan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jamison, Megan","contributorId":222399,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jamison","given":"Megan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jubb, Aaron M. 0000-0001-6875-1079","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6875-1079","contributorId":201978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jubb","given":"Aaron M.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":782071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Liao, Yiju","contributorId":222398,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liao","given":"Yiju","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Aspin, Alexandria","contributorId":222400,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aspin","given":"Alexandria","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hayes, Kyle","contributorId":222397,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hayes","given":"Kyle","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Glein, Christopher R.","contributorId":222401,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glein","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Yang, Ziming","contributorId":222402,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yang","given":"Ziming","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70208491,"text":"70208491 - 2020 - Coexisting seismic behavior of transform faults revealed by high-resolution bathymetry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-06T21:48:06.494638","indexId":"70208491","displayToPublicDate":"2020-02-06T06:39:48","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coexisting seismic behavior of transform faults revealed by high-resolution bathymetry","docAbstract":"Transform faults are known to have anomalously low rates of seismicity, but no direct observations reveal why this is the case. We use new, autonomous underwater vehicle high-resolution seafloor mapping to image the morphology of and offsets along transform fault segments in the Gulf of California. Fault splays display a varied history of activation and deactivation of individual fault strands over time, not unlike those mapped onshore or imaged within the bathymetry of the Queen Charlotte-Fairweather and the Palos Verdes faults of offshore western Canada and Southern California. A series of six identically offset depositional fans evidence 21–23 meters of slip along the main transform fault, which could not have been produced by a single earthquake. Rather, the lack of smaller-magnitude offsets indicates synchronous deposition and an absence of multiple slope failure-inducing earthquakes, thus providing the first direct evidence that creep and earthquakes occur at different times in the slip history of a given transform fault segment.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/G46663.1","usgsCitation":"Hilley, G.E., Sare, R.M., Aron, F., Baden, C., Caress, D., Castillo, C.M., Dobbs, S.C., Gooley, J., Johnstone, S., Liu, F., McHargue, T., Nevitt, J.M., Paull, C.K., Shumaker, L.E., Traer, M.M., and Young, H.H., 2020, Coexisting seismic behavior of transform faults revealed by high-resolution bathymetry: Geology, v. 48, no. 4, p. 379-384, https://doi.org/10.1130/G46663.1.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"379","endPage":"384","ipdsId":"IP-109135","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science 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M","contributorId":222431,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nevitt","given":"Josie","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":6608,"text":"San Diego State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":782131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Paull, Charles K. 0000-0001-5940-3443","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5940-3443","contributorId":55825,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paull","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7043,"text":"University of North Carolina","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":782132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Shumaker, Lauren E.","contributorId":207546,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shumaker","given":"Lauren","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37560,"text":"Department of Geology and Geological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":782133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Traer, Miles M","contributorId":222432,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Traer","given":"Miles","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":782134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Young, Holly H","contributorId":222433,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Young","given":"Holly","email":"","middleInitial":"H","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":782135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}} ,{"id":70211220,"text":"70211220 - 2020 - What's in the hump of the humpback chub?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-17T21:00:52.088537","indexId":"70211220","displayToPublicDate":"2020-02-05T15:58:26","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"What's in the hump of the humpback chub?","docAbstract":"The function of the nuchal hump on adult humpback chub (Gila cypha) has been the subject of longtime conjecture. Hypotheses about the purpose of the hump range from it being a feature that confers hydrodynamic advantages in swift water to speculation about how the hump may have reduced predation vulnerability to Colorado pikeminnows (Ptychocheilus lucius). We used comparative histology of the head region of captive-reared and wild specimens of humpback chub to evaluate whether histological examination could give insight into the function of the hump. Tissues were sectioned, stained, and photographed under a microscope at 2×, 4×, and 40× magnification. The hump is composed almost entirely of skeletal muscle, with little nervous system innervation or fatty tissue. Hump muscle and dorsal muscle appear very similar in terms of muscle cell size, fat content, and connective tissue content. No apparent differences exist between the hump tissues of wild-caught and captive-reared individuals. Histological analysis and study of the anatomical structure of the head through dissection, along with evidence from other species, suggest that the hump evolved to reduce predation vulnerability. Although the reason for the evolution of the hump in humpback chub remains uncertain, additional information about the composition of the hump can help to support or refute hypotheses related to its function.
","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.3398/064.080.0112","usgsCitation":"Ward, D., and Ward, M.B., 2020, What's in the hump of the humpback chub?: Western North American Naturalist, v. 80, no. 1, p. 98-104, https://doi.org/10.3398/064.080.0112.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"98","endPage":"104","ipdsId":"IP-102056","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":376500,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ward, David 0000-0002-3355-0637","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3355-0637","contributorId":216231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":793250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ward, Michael B.","contributorId":182337,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ward","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":793251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70208851,"text":"70208851 - 2020 - Category count models for adaptive management of metapopulations: Case study of an imperiled salamander","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-06T23:17:56.775258","indexId":"70208851","displayToPublicDate":"2020-02-05T11:13:58","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5803,"text":"Conservation Science and Practice","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Category count models for adaptive management of metapopulations: Case study of an imperiled salamander","docAbstract":"Managing spatially structured populations of imperiled species presents many challenges. Spatial structure can make it difficult to predict population responses to potential recovery activities, and learning through experimentation may not be advised if it could harm threatened populations. Adaptive management provides an appealing framework when experimentation is considered too risky or time consuming; we used such an approach for imperiled flatwoods salamanders at a Florida wildlife refuge. We represented this metapopulation with category count models and used stochastic dynamic programming to identify optimal decision policies that weighed trade‐offs between metapopulation persistence and management costs. We defined possible wetland categories in terms of habitat suitability and occupancy, specified category‐specific management actions, and identified transition probabilities via expert elicitation for two management strategies: “future” status quo (FSQ; frequent growing‐season burns) and extra management actions (EMA; restoration, translocation, head‐starting). We simulated metapopulation dynamics using the resulting optimal management policy and found that under model FSQ, occupancy steadily declined over time, indicating that populations would rapidly become extirpated; with model EMA, occupancy remained stable, suggesting that populations would persist only if additional actions are applied and are effective. This approach can be used to identify optimal solutions while accounting for uncertainty and considering both habitat and population dynamics, and to help managers make conservation decisions for populations at imminent risk of extinction.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Conservation Biology","doi":"10.1111/csp2.180","usgsCitation":"O’Donnell, K., Fackler, P.L., Johnson, F.A., Bonneau, M., Martin, J., and Walls, S.C., 2020, Category count models for adaptive management of metapopulations: Case study of an imperiled salamander: Conservation Science and Practice, v. 2, no. 4, e180, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.180.","productDescription":"e180, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-104504","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":457832,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.180","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437124,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9K3ZA2D","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Wetland transition probabilities for category count model elicited from experts at 2015 workshop"},{"id":372850,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.51919555664062,\n 29.895424526240554\n ],\n [\n -84.26239013671875,\n 29.895424526240554\n ],\n [\n -84.26239013671875,\n 30.139189195422194\n ],\n [\n -84.51919555664062,\n 30.139189195422194\n ],\n [\n -84.51919555664062,\n 29.895424526240554\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-02-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Donnell, Katherine M. 0000-0001-9023-174X kmodonnell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9023-174X","contributorId":176897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Donnell","given":"Katherine M.","email":"kmodonnell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":783661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fackler, Paul L.","contributorId":17487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fackler","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":783662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Fred A. 0000-0002-5854-3695 fjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5854-3695","contributorId":2773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Fred","email":"fjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":783663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bonneau, Mathieu","contributorId":150041,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bonneau","given":"Mathieu","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12557,"text":"University of Florida, FLREC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":783664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Martin, Julien 0000-0002-7375-129X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7375-129X","contributorId":213994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Julien","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":783665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Walls, Susan C. 0000-0001-7391-9155 swalls@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7391-9155","contributorId":138952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walls","given":"Susan","email":"swalls@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":783666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70216658,"text":"70216658 - 2020 - Feeding ecology drives lead exposure of facultative and obligate avian scavengers in the eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-27T16:45:41.862852","indexId":"70216658","displayToPublicDate":"2020-02-05T10:39:09","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Feeding ecology drives lead exposure of facultative and obligate avian scavengers in the eastern United States","docAbstract":"Lead poisoning of scavenging birds is a global issue. However, the drivers of lead exposure of avian scavengers have been understood from the perspective of individual species, not cross‐taxa assemblages. We analyzed blood (n = 285) and liver (n = 226) lead concentrations of 5 facultative (American crows [Corvus brachyrhynchos], bald eagles [Haliaeetus leucocephalus], golden eagles [Aquila chrysaetos], red‐shouldered hawks [Buteo lineatus], and red‐tailed hawks [Buteo jamaicensis]) and 2 obligate (black vultures [Coragyps atratus] and turkey vultures [Cathartes aura] avian scavenger species to identify lead exposure patterns. Species and age were significant (α < 0.05) predictors of blood lead exposure of facultative scavengers; species, but not age, was a significant predictor of their liver lead exposure. We detected temporal variations in lead concentrations of facultative scavengers (blood: median = 4.41 µg/dL in spring and summer vs 13.08 µg/dL in autumn and winter; p = <0.001; liver: 0.32 ppm in spring and summer vs median = 4.25 ppm in autumn and winter; p = <0.001). At the species level, we detected between‐period differences in blood lead concentrations of bald eagles (p = 0.01) and red‐shouldered hawks during the winter (p = 0.001). During summer, obligate scavengers had higher liver lead concentrations than did facultative scavengers (median = 1.76 ppm vs 0.22 ppm; p = <0.001). These data suggest that the feeding ecology of avian scavengers is a determinant of the degree to which they are lead exposed, and they highlight the importance of dietary and behavioral variation in determining lead exposure.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.4680","usgsCitation":"Slabe, V., Anderson, J.T., Cooper, J.L., Miller, T.A., Brown, B., Wrona, A., Ortiz, P., Buchweitz, J., McRuer, D., Dominguez-Villegas, E., Behmke, S., and Katzner, T., 2020, Feeding ecology drives lead exposure of facultative and obligate avian scavengers in the eastern United States: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 39, no. 4, p. 882-892, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.4680.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"882","endPage":"892","ipdsId":"IP-111260","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":380840,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Georgia, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, West 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Forestry and Natural Resources, West Virginia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":805760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brown, Bracken","contributorId":217945,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Bracken","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12432,"text":"West Virginia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":805761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wrona, Anna","contributorId":245285,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wrona","given":"Anna","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12432,"text":"West Virginia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":805762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ortiz, Patricia 0000-0003-3067-7904","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3067-7904","contributorId":217946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ortiz","given":"Patricia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":805763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Buchweitz, John","contributorId":217947,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buchweitz","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":805764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"McRuer, David","contributorId":205308,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McRuer","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37079,"text":"Wildlife Center of Virginia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":805765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Dominguez-Villegas, Ernesto","contributorId":223077,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dominguez-Villegas","given":"Ernesto","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37079,"text":"Wildlife Center of Virginia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":805766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Behmke, Shannon","contributorId":195117,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Behmke","given":"Shannon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":805767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Katzner, Todd E. 0000-0003-4503-8435 tkatzner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4503-8435","contributorId":191353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katzner","given":"Todd E.","email":"tkatzner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":805768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70219049,"text":"70219049 - 2020 - Evidence of wildfires and elevated atmospheric oxygen at the Frasnian–Famennian boundary in New York (USA): Implications for the Late Devonian mass extinction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-22T13:26:33.056379","indexId":"70219049","displayToPublicDate":"2020-02-05T08:23:26","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence of wildfires and elevated atmospheric oxygen at the Frasnian–Famennian boundary in New York (USA): Implications for the Late Devonian mass extinction","docAbstract":"The Devonian Period experienced significant fluctuations of atmospheric oxygen (O2) levels (∼25–13%), for which the extent and timing are debated. Also characteristic of the Devonian Period, at the Frasnian–Famennian (F–F) boundary, is one of the “big five” mass extinction events of the Phanerozoic. Fossilized charcoal (inertinite) provides a record of wildfire events, which in turn can provide insight into the evolution of terrestrial ecosystems and the atmospheric composition. Here, we report organic petrology, programmed pyrolysis analysis, major and trace element analyses, and initial osmium isotope (Osi) stratigraphy from five sections of Upper Devonian (F–F interval) from western New York, USA. These data are discussed to infer evidence of a wildfire event at the F–F boundary. Based on the evidence for a wildfire at the F–F boundary we also provide an estimate of atmospheric O2 levels of ∼23–25% at this interval, which is in agreement with the models that predict elevated pO2 levels during the Late Devonian. This, coupled with our Os isotope records, support the currently published Osi data that lacks any evidence for an extra-terrestrial impact or volcanic event at the F–F interval, and therefore to act as a trigger for the F–F mass extinction. The elevated O2 level at the F–F interval inferred from this study supports the hypothesis that pCO2 drawdown and associated climate cooling may have acted as a driving mechanism of the F–F mass extinction.
This study is part of the regional stream-quality assessment (RSQA) conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) project. The purpose of this study is to examine small streams along land-use and stressor gradients at the regional scale and to evaluate the relative importance of instream stressors on diatom, macroinvertebrate, and fish assemblages. In 2015, the RSQA project assessed stream quality in 82 wadeable streams that were selected along an urban land-use gradient in the Pacific Northwest Region (PNW) of the United States. This study evaluates the effects of four major categories of measured instream stressors – flow (i.e. alteration), water quality, habitat, and contaminants (in water and sediment) – on stream biota. We used gradient forest (GF) models to evaluate taxon specific responses to the various stressors for the three biotic assemblages. Results for diatom, invertebrate and fish assemblages showed that several environmental variables including substrate size, dissolved oxygen, and two or more different contaminants were selected in each of the GF models. In general, all three assemblages were negatively associated with any contaminant measures above zero, except the more tolerant taxa in each assemblage, which responded positively to contaminants. Total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) were important in both the diatom and invertebrate GF models but not in the fish models, which were related to temperature and stream flow. TP and TN were the top two variables for diatom GF models and various taxa responded at a range of nutrient concentrations; however, some taxa responded at low concentrations, for example around 0.02 for TP and 0.5 mg/L for TN. In general, the three biotic assemblages responded to multiple stressors following general patterns of known sensitive versus tolerant taxa for each of the biotic groups studied, yet the GF models allow us to explore taxon specific responses. For example, most of the sensitive Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera invertebrate taxa (EPT) responded negatively when any contaminant increased above zero; yet some taxa such as the tolerant Trichoptera Cheumatopsyche responded positively to contaminants and many of the other stressors. The findings of this study demonstrate the value of using multiple assemblages to monitoring stressor gradients associated with urban stream systems and the importance of evaluating the responses of individual taxa to stressors.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.106047","usgsCitation":"Waite, I.R., Pan, Y., and Edwards, P., 2020, Assessment of multi-stressors on compositional turnover of diatom, invertebrate and fish assemblages along an urban gradient in Pacific Northwest streams (USA): Ecological Indicators, v. 112, 106047, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.106047.","productDescription":"106047, 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-110362","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":457842,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/esm_fac/296","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":382783,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington, Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Stream sites in Midwest Washington and Oregon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.11279296875001,\n 48.86471476180277\n ],\n [\n -123.26660156249999,\n 47.502358951968574\n ],\n [\n -123.28857421875,\n 44.88701247981298\n ],\n [\n -123.37646484374999,\n 43.197167282501276\n ],\n [\n -121.83837890625,\n 43.35713822211053\n ],\n [\n -121.59667968749999,\n 45.19752230305682\n ],\n [\n -121.57470703125,\n 48.03401915864286\n ],\n [\n -121.53076171875,\n 48.980216985374994\n ],\n [\n -123.11279296875001,\n 48.86471476180277\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"112","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waite, Ian R. 0000-0003-1681-6955 iwaite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1681-6955","contributorId":616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"Ian","email":"iwaite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":809363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pan, Yangdong","contributorId":248559,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pan","given":"Yangdong","affiliations":[{"id":6929,"text":"Portland State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":809364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Edwards, Patrick","contributorId":248560,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Edwards","given":"Patrick","affiliations":[{"id":6929,"text":"Portland State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":809365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70208533,"text":"70208533 - 2020 - Holocene paleofloods and their climatological context, Upper Colorado River Basin, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-12T16:45:28.837011","indexId":"70208533","displayToPublicDate":"2020-02-05T06:46:13","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5866,"text":"Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Holocene paleofloods and their climatological context, Upper Colorado River Basin, USA","docAbstract":"Given its singular importance for water resources in the southwestern U.S., the Upper Colorado River Basin (UCRB) is remarkable for the paucity of its conventional hydrological record of extreme flooding. This study uses paleoflood hydrology to examine a small portion the underutilized, but very extensive natural record of Holocene extreme floods in the UCRB. We perform a meta-analysis of 77 extreme paleofloods from seven slackwater deposit sites in the UCRB to show linkages between Holocene climate patterns and extreme floods. The analysis demonstrates several clusters of extreme flood activity: 8040-7790, 3600-3460, 2880-2740, 2330-700, and 620-0 years BP. The extreme paleofloods were found to occur during both dry and wet periods in the paleoclimate record. When compared with independent paleoclimatic records across the Rocky Mountains and the southwestern U.S., the observed temporal clustering pattern of UCRB extreme paleofloods shows associations with periods of abruptly intensified North Pacific-derived storms connected with enhanced El Niño variability.","language":"English","publisher":"SAGE Journals","doi":"10.1177/0309133320904038","usgsCitation":"Liu, T., Ji, L., Baker, V.R., Harden, T.M., and Cline, M.L., 2020, Holocene paleofloods and their climatological context, Upper Colorado River Basin, USA: Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment, v. 44, no. 5, p. 727-745, https://doi.org/10.1177/0309133320904038.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"727","endPage":"745","ipdsId":"IP-114520","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":372335,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Upper Colorado River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.0703125,\n 36.56260003738545\n ],\n [\n -114.521484375,\n 34.77771580360469\n ],\n [\n -107.05078125,\n 34.59704151614417\n ],\n [\n -105.2490234375,\n 36.24427318493909\n ],\n [\n -104.4140625,\n 39.095962936305476\n ],\n [\n -105.380859375,\n 41.64007838467894\n ],\n [\n -106.962890625,\n 42.16340342422401\n ],\n [\n -112.8955078125,\n 42.74701217318067\n ],\n [\n -116.27929687499999,\n 42.61779143282346\n ],\n [\n -118.5205078125,\n 40.81380923056958\n ],\n [\n -118.3447265625,\n 38.37611542403604\n ],\n [\n -117.0703125,\n 36.56260003738545\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"44","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-02-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, Taojun","contributorId":201798,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"Taojun","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6713,"text":"University of Colorado, Boulder CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":782311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ji, Lin","contributorId":222495,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ji","given":"Lin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":782314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baker, Victor R.","contributorId":201141,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baker","given":"Victor","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harden, Tessa M. 0000-0001-9854-1347 tharden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9854-1347","contributorId":192153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"Tessa","email":"tharden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":782310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cline, Michael L.","contributorId":222494,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cline","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":40551,"text":"Rizzo and Associates, Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":782313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70209002,"text":"70209002 - 2020 - Diatom enumeration method influences biological assessments of southeastern USA streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-10T18:52:34","indexId":"70209002","displayToPublicDate":"2020-02-04T18:41:01","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1699,"text":"Freshwater Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diatom enumeration method influences biological assessments of southeastern USA streams","docAbstract":"Current fixed-count enumeration methods for benthic diatoms are likely inadequate for most research and monitoring objectives. These methods underestimate taxa richness and may fail to detect losses of species caused by human impacts. Consequently, the full potential of diatoms is not realized in current assessments of biological integrity or species diversity. In this study, we hypothesize that alternative enumeration methods differ in their ability to quantify species composition. Furthermore, we hypothesize that an alternative to the traditional fixed-count method will improve both performance of observed/expected (O/E) indices derived from River Inver- tebrate Prediction and Classification System models and the discrimination of reference-quality and human-modified sites by other standard metrics used in biological assessments. To test these hypotheses, we assessed 1) how well 3 counting methods characterized species richness in a subset of 15 samples of stream benthic diatoms and 2) how counting method affected the performance of O/E indices and metrics by comparing the traditional fixed- count method against the best-performing alternative method. These latter comparisons were based on samples collected from 68 reference-quality streams and 20 streams located along an urban disturbance gradient. We dem- onstrate that traditional fixed counts failed to detect >1⁄2 of species present in most of the 68 reference-quality sites. Instead, timed-presence data produced the O/E index with the best performance and a level of precision similar to published invertebrate O/E indices. Furthermore, the O/E index based on the timed-presence data allowed us to determine which species are most often lost with urbanization. We found that traditional fixed-count and alter- native timed-presence data produce metrics that are nearly equally able to discriminate between reference and dis- turbed sites. This study demonstrates that alternative counting methods improve species detection and require up to ∼30% less effort.","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press Journals","doi":"10.1086/707725","usgsCitation":"Tyree, M., Carlisle, D.M., and Spaulding, S., 2020, Diatom enumeration method influences biological assessments of southeastern USA streams: Freshwater Science, v. 39, no. 1, p. 183-195, https://doi.org/10.1086/707725.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"183","endPage":"195","ipdsId":"IP-108185","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":457846,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/707725","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":373084,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.2294921875,\n 29.916852233070173\n ],\n [\n -74.70703125,\n 29.916852233070173\n ],\n [\n -74.70703125,\n 40.3130432088809\n ],\n [\n -95.2294921875,\n 40.3130432088809\n ],\n [\n -95.2294921875,\n 29.916852233070173\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"39","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tyree, Meredith","contributorId":207506,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tyree","given":"Meredith","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36621,"text":"University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":784479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carlisle, Daren M. 0000-0002-7367-348X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7367-348X","contributorId":223188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlisle","given":"Daren","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":784480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spaulding, Sarah A. 0000-0002-9787-7743","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9787-7743","contributorId":223186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spaulding","given":"Sarah","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":784478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70208592,"text":"70208592 - 2020 - Preferential elution of ionic solutes in melting snowpacks: Improving process understanding through field observations and modeling in the Rocky Mountains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-20T06:17:15","indexId":"70208592","displayToPublicDate":"2020-02-04T13:48:26","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preferential elution of ionic solutes in melting snowpacks: Improving process understanding through field observations and modeling in the Rocky Mountains","docAbstract":"The preferential elution of ions from melting snowpacks is a complex problem that has been linked to temporary acidification of water bodies. However, the understanding of these processes in snowpacks around the world, including the polar regions that are experiencing unprecedented warming and melting, remains limited despite being instrumental in supporting climate change adaptation.
In this study, data collected from a snowmelt lysimeter and snowpits at meadow and forest-gap sites in a high elevation watershed in Colorado were combined with the PULSE multi-phase snowpack chemistry model to investigate the controls of meltwater chemistry and preferential elution. The snowdepth at the meadow site was 64% of that at the forest-gap site, and the snowmelt rate was greater there (meadow snowpit) due to higher solar irradiance. Cations such as Ca2+ and NH
The Northern High Plains aquifer underlies about 93,000 square miles of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota, and Wyoming and is the largest subregion of the nationally important High Plains aquifer. Irrigation, primarily using groundwater, has supported agricultural production since before 1940, resulting in nearly $50 billion in sales in 2012. In 2010, the High Plains aquifer had the largest groundwater withdrawals of any major aquifer system in the United States. Nearly one-half of those withdrawals were from the Northern High Plains aquifer, which has little hydrologic interaction with parts of the aquifer farther south. Land-surface elevation ranges from more than 7,400 feet (ft) near the western edge to less than 1,100 ft near the eastern edge. Major stream primarily flow west to east and include the Big Blue River, Elkhorn River, Loup River, Niobrara River, Republican River and Platte River with its two forks—the North Platte River and South Platte River. Population in the Northern High Plain aquifer area is sparse with only 2 cities having a population greater than 30,000.
Droughts across much of the area from 2001 to 2007, combined with recent (2004–18) legislation, have heightened concerns regarding future groundwater availability and highlighted the need for science-based water-resource management. Groundwater models with the capability to provide forecasts of groundwater availability and related stream base flows from the Northern High Plains aquifer were published recently (2016) and were used to analyze groundwater availability. Stream base flows are generally the dominant component of total streamflow in the Northern High Plains aquifer, and total streamflows or shortages thereof define conjunctive management triggers, at least in Nebraska. Groundwater availability was evaluated through comparison of aquifer-scale water budgets compared for periods before and after major groundwater development and across selected future forecasts. Groundwater-level declines and the forecast amount of groundwater in storage in the aquifer also were examined.
Director, Nebraska Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
5231 South 19th Street
Lincoln, NE 68512
Effective conservation requires prioritizing areas that are vulnerable to large, irreversible changes. Unfortunately, rigorously documenting these changes with experiments and long-term monitoring is not only costly, but may provide evidence that is too late to facilitate proactive decisions.
We use a simple model to illustrate that commonly available short-term spatial, “snapshot”, data from a given ecosystem along an environmental gradient can be used to identify environmental conditions under which different ecosystem states (e.g. different species compositions) co-occur in space. These environmental conditions are those under which future perturbations have the potential for discontinuous large, sometimes irreversible, effects; and can be mapped in space to predict potential spatial hotspots of ecosystem fragility.
We apply these insights to ecologically important high-elevation subalpine meadows of the Sierra Nevada (California). Our analysis reveals specific areas within meadows that may be more vulnerable than others because their plant communities have the potential to shift to a different state. These shifts can be mechanistically explained by interactions between the vegetation and the local water regimes and/or the upper soil conditions.
Our study provides a simple workflow using commonly available data to help prioritize conservation areas based on their potential sensitivity to upcoming perturbations. Such an approach could be very valuable to make most efficient use of conservation and management resources in the context of ongoing global changes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2019.108388","usgsCitation":"Genin, A., Lee, S.R., Berlow, E.L., Ostoja, S., and Kefi, S., 2020, Mapping hotspots of potential ecosystem fragility using commonly available spatial data: Biological Conservation, v. 241, 108388, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2019.108388.","productDescription":"108388, 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-084595","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":457858,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2019.108388","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":385279,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sequoia National Park, Yosemite National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.90527343750001,\n 36.05798104702501\n ],\n [\n -118.3447265625,\n 37.29153547292737\n ],\n [\n -119.36645507812499,\n 38.30718056188316\n ],\n [\n -119.81689453125,\n 38.324420427006544\n ],\n [\n -120.047607421875,\n 37.83148014503288\n ],\n [\n -119.937744140625,\n 37.32648861334206\n ],\n [\n -119.278564453125,\n 36.77409249464195\n ],\n [\n -118.94897460937499,\n 36.20882309283712\n ],\n [\n -118.24584960937499,\n 35.47856499535729\n ],\n [\n -117.87231445312499,\n 35.43381992014202\n ],\n [\n -117.90527343750001,\n 36.05798104702501\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"241","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Genin, Alexandre","contributorId":192956,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Genin","given":"Alexandre","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":814635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":0},{"text":"Lee, Steven R. 0000-0002-4581-3684 srlee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4581-3684","contributorId":5630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Steven","email":"srlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berlow, Eric L.","contributorId":91416,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Berlow","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":814637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ostoja, Steven M.","contributorId":225183,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ostoja","given":"Steven M.","affiliations":[{"id":32922,"text":"USDA California Climate Hub","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kefi, Sonia","contributorId":257566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kefi","given":"Sonia","affiliations":[{"id":37581,"text":"Université de Montpellier, France","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}