{"pageNumber":"645","pageRowStart":"16100","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46883,"records":[{"id":70007507,"text":"sir20125006 - 2012 - Regression model development and computational procedures to support estimation of real-time concentrations and loads of selected constituents in two tributaries to Lake Houston near Houston, Texas, 2005-9","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-08T09:23:57","indexId":"sir20125006","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5006","title":"Regression model development and computational procedures to support estimation of real-time concentrations and loads of selected constituents in two tributaries to Lake Houston near Houston, Texas, 2005-9","docAbstract":"<p>In December 2005, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the City of Houston, Texas, began collecting discrete water-quality samples for nutrients, total organic carbon, bacteria (<i>Escherichia coli</i> and total coliform), atrazine, and suspended sediment at two USGS streamflow-gaging stations that represent watersheds contributing to Lake Houston (08068500 Spring Creek near Spring, Tex., and 08070200 East Fork San Jacinto River near New Caney, Tex.). Data from the discrete water-quality samples collected during 2005&ndash;9, in conjunction with continuously monitored real-time data that included streamflow and other physical water-quality properties (specific conductance, pH, water temperature, turbidity, and dissolved oxygen), were used to develop regression models for the estimation of concentrations of water-quality constituents of substantial source watersheds to Lake Houston. The potential explanatory variables included discharge (streamflow), specific conductance, pH, water temperature, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, and time (to account for seasonal variations inherent in some water-quality data). The response variables (the selected constituents) at each site were nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen, total phosphorus, total organic carbon,<i> E. coli</i>, atrazine, and suspended sediment. The explanatory variables provide easily measured quantities to serve as potential surrogate variables to estimate concentrations of the selected constituents through statistical regression. Statistical regression also facilitates accompanying estimates of uncertainty in the form of prediction intervals. Each regression model potentially can be used to estimate concentrations of a given constituent in real time. Among other regression diagnostics, the diagnostics used as indicators of general model reliability and reported herein include the adjusted R-squared, the residual standard error, residual plots, and p-values. Adjusted R-squared values for the Spring Creek models ranged from .582&ndash;.922 (dimensionless). The residual standard errors ranged from .073&ndash;.447 (base-10 logarithm). Adjusted R-squared values for the East Fork San Jacinto River models ranged from .253&ndash;.853 (dimensionless). The residual standard errors ranged from .076&ndash;.388 (base-10 logarithm). In conjunction with estimated concentrations, constituent loads can be estimated by multiplying the estimated concentration by the corresponding streamflow and by applying the appropriate conversion factor. The regression models presented in this report are site specific, that is, they are specific to the Spring Creek and East Fork San Jacinto River streamflow-gaging stations; however, the general methods that were developed and documented could be applied to most perennial streams for the purpose of estimating real-time water quality data.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125006","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Houston","usgsCitation":"Lee, M.T., Asquith, W.H., and Oden, T., 2012, Regression model development and computational procedures to support estimation of real-time concentrations and loads of selected constituents in two tributaries to Lake Houston near Houston, Texas, 2005-9: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5006, v, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125006.","productDescription":"v, 40 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116331,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5006.gif"},{"id":115889,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5006/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"602933","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Houston, New Caney, Spring","otherGeospatial":"East Fork San Jacinto River, Lake Houston, Spring Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -96,30 ], [ -96,30.75 ], [ -95,30.75 ], [ -95,30 ], [ -96,30 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a5c7e4b0e8fec6cdbff2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Michael T. 0000-0002-8260-8794 mtlee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8260-8794","contributorId":4228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Michael","email":"mtlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Asquith, William H. 0000-0002-7400-1861 wasquith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7400-1861","contributorId":1007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asquith","given":"William","email":"wasquith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oden, Timothy D. toden@usgs.gov","contributorId":1284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oden","given":"Timothy D.","email":"toden@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":356542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70007490,"text":"fs20123020 - 2012 - The National Land Cover Database","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-08T14:29:48","indexId":"fs20123020","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-3020","title":"The National Land Cover Database","docAbstract":"The National Land Cover Database (NLCD) serves as the definitive Landsat-based, 30-meter resolution, land cover database for the Nation. NLCD provides spatial reference and descriptive data for characteristics of the land surface such as thematic class (for example, urban, agriculture, and forest), percent impervious surface, and percent tree canopy cover. NLCD supports a wide variety of Federal, State, local, and nongovernmental applications that seek to assess ecosystem status and health, understand the spatial patterns of biodiversity, predict effects of climate change, and develop land management policy. NLCD products are created by the Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics (MRLC) Consortium, a partnership of Federal agencies led by the U.S. Geological Survey. All NLCD data products are available for download at no charge to the public from the MRLC Web site: http://www.mrlc.gov.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20123020","usgsCitation":"Homer, C.G., Fry, J.A., and Barnes, C., 2012, The National Land Cover Database: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2012-3020, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20123020.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116329,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2012_3020.gif"},{"id":115883,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3020/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n  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homer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4755-8135","contributorId":2262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Homer","given":"Collin","email":"homer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fry, Joyce A. 0000-0002-8466-9582","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8466-9582","contributorId":69293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fry","given":"Joyce","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barnes, Christopher A. 0000-0002-4608-4364","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4608-4364","contributorId":92793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"Christopher A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70007491,"text":"sir20125011 - 2012 - Groundwater quality and occurrence and distribution of selected constituents in the Aquia and Upper Patapsco aquifers, Naval Air Station Patuxent River, St. Mary's County, Maryland, July 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-09T20:19:29.421446","indexId":"sir20125011","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5011","title":"Groundwater quality and occurrence and distribution of selected constituents in the Aquia and Upper Patapsco aquifers, Naval Air Station Patuxent River, St. Mary's County, Maryland, July 2008","docAbstract":"The Naval Air Station Patuxent River in southern Maryland has continued to expand in the first decade of the 21st century, contributing to rapid population growth in the surrounding area. The increase in population has caused State and County water managers and others to be concerned about the impact of population growth on the quantity and quality of groundwater supplies. The U.S. Geological Survey has been investigating the groundwater resources of the air station since 1998. As part of that ongoing investigation, groundwater was sampled in 2008 in six wells in the Aquia aquifer and two wells in the Upper Patapsco aquifer in the vicinity of Naval Air Station Patuxent River and Webster Outlying Field. Groundwater samples were analyzed for basic chemistry (field parameters, major ions, and nutrients) as well as several water-quality issues of concern including the occurrence of arsenic and tungsten, and saltwater intrusion. The results of the 2008 groundwater-quality sampling indicate that the overall quality of groundwater in the Aquia aquifer has not changed since 1943; data are too limited to determine if groundwater quality has changed in the Upper Patapsco aquifer. At one well in the Aquia aquifer, the arsenic concentration exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency standard for drinking water. Arsenic was not detected in samples from the Upper Patapsco aquifer. Tungsten concentrations were detected at low concentrations near the laboratory reporting level in all eight samples. There was no evidence of saltwater intrusion in any of the wells.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125011","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Naval Air Station Patuxent River","usgsCitation":"Dieter, C.A., Campo, K.W., and Baker, A.C., 2012, Groundwater quality and occurrence and distribution of selected constituents in the Aquia and Upper Patapsco aquifers, Naval Air Station Patuxent River, St. Mary's County, Maryland, July 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5011, v, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125011.","productDescription":"v, 16 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia  Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116330,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5011.gif"},{"id":115882,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5011/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"500000","country":"United States","state":"Maryl","county":"St. Mary's County","otherGeospatial":"Naval Air Station Patuxent River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -77.5,38 ], [ -77.5,39.5 ], [ -76,39.5 ], [ -76,38 ], [ -77.5,38 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2dade4b0c8380cd5bfa6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dieter, Cheryl A. 0000-0002-5786-4091 cadieter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5786-4091","contributorId":2058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dieter","given":"Cheryl","email":"cadieter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia  Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campo, Kimberly W. kcampo@usgs.gov","contributorId":4690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campo","given":"Kimberly","email":"kcampo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baker, Anna C. 0000-0001-8194-7535 abaker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8194-7535","contributorId":4689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"Anna","email":"abaker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70007443,"text":"ds662 - 2012 - Digital surfaces and hydrogeologic data for the Mesozoic through early Tertiary rocks in the Southeastern Coastal Plain in parts of Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, and Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-02T11:54:25","indexId":"ds662","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"662","title":"Digital surfaces and hydrogeologic data for the Mesozoic through early Tertiary rocks in the Southeastern Coastal Plain in parts of Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, and Florida","docAbstract":"A digital dataset of hydrogeologic data for Mesozoic through early Tertiary rocks in the Southeastern Coastal Plain was developed using data from five U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) reports published between 1951 and 1996. These reports contain maps and data depicting the extent and elevation of the Southeast Coastal Plain stratigraphic and hydrogeologic units in Florida and parts of Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, and South Carolina. The reports are: Professional Paper 1410-B (Renken, 1996), Professional Paper 1088 (Brown and others, 1979), Professional Paper 524-G (Applin and Applin, 1967), Professional Paper 447 (Applin and Applin, 1965), and Circular 91 (Applin, 1951). The digital dataset provides hydrogeologic data for the USGS Energy Resources Program assessment of potential reservoirs for carbon sequestration and for the USGS Groundwater Resource Program assessment of saline aquifers in the southeastern United States.  A Geographic Information System (ArcGIS 9.3.1) was used to construct 33 digital (raster) surfaces representing the top or base of key stratigraphic and hydrogeologic units. In addition, the Geographic Information System was used to generate 102 geo-referenced scanned maps from the five reports and a geo-database containing structural and thickness contours, faults, extent polygons, and common features. The dataset also includes point data of well construction and stratigraphic elevations and scanned images of two geologic cross sections and a nomenclature chart.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds662","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Energy Resources and Groundwater Resources Programs","usgsCitation":"Cannon, D.M., Bellino, J.C., and Williams, L.J., 2012, Digital surfaces and hydrogeologic data for the Mesozoic through early Tertiary rocks in the Southeastern Coastal Plain in parts of Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, and Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 662, iii, 13 p.; Supplemental Files: Data Series 662, Circular 91, PP 447, PP 524G, PP 1088, PP 1410B, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds662.","productDescription":"iii, 13 p.; Supplemental Files: Data Series 662, Circular 91, PP 447, PP 524G, PP 1088, PP 1410B","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":285,"text":"Florida Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116395,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_662.jpg"},{"id":115881,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/662/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, South Carolina","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -91.68333333333334,24.5 ], [ -91.68333333333334,35 ], [ -78.5,35 ], [ -78.5,24.5 ], [ -91.68333333333334,24.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a018ce4b0c8380cd4fc54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cannon, Debra M.","contributorId":84080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Debra","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bellino, Jason C. 0000-0001-9046-9344 jbellino@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9046-9344","contributorId":3724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bellino","given":"Jason","email":"jbellino@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":270,"text":"FLWSC-Tampa","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, Lester J. lesterw@usgs.gov","contributorId":2395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Lester","email":"lesterw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":356404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70007484,"text":"sir20125013 - 2012 - Biodegradation of chloroethene compounds in groundwater at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1999-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:42","indexId":"sir20125013","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-22T09:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5013","title":"Biodegradation of chloroethene compounds in groundwater at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1999-2010","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey evaluated the biodegradation of chloroethene compounds in groundwater beneath the former landfill at Operable Unit 1 (OU 1) of the U.S. Naval Undersea Warfare Center (NUWC), Division Keyport. The predominant contaminants in groundwater are the chloroethene compounds trichloroethene, <i>cis</i>-1,2-dichloroethene, and vinyl chloride. The remedy selected for groundwater contamination at OU 1 includes phytoremediation and natural attenuation. In 1999, the U.S. Navy planted two hybrid poplar plantations, referred to as the northern and southern plantations, over the most contaminated parts of the landfill. The U.S. Navy monitors tree health, groundwater levels, and contaminant concentrations to assess the effectiveness of phytoremediation. The U.S. Geological Survey began a cooperative effort with the U.S. Navy in 1995 to monitor the effectiveness of natural attenuation processes for removing and controlling the migration of chloroethenes and chloroethanes. Field and laboratory studies from 1996 through 2000 demonstrated that biodegradation of chloroethenes and chloroethanes in shallow groundwater at OU 1 was substantial. The U.S. Geological Survey monitored geochemical and contaminant concentrations in groundwater annually from 2001 through 2010. This report presents groundwater geochemical and contaminant data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey during June 2010 and evaluates evidence for continued biodegradation of chloroethenes in groundwater.</p>\n<p>Geochemical and contaminant concentration data through 2010 indicate that biodegradation of chloroethenes in groundwater continued beneath the landfill at OU 1. Contaminant concentrations in groundwater decreased beneath most of the 9-acre landfill between 1999 and 2010. The evidence indicating that biodegradation was a primary cause for the decreased concentrations included decreasing ratios of more highly chlorinated compounds to less chlorinated compounds over time, and widespread detections of non-chlorinated biodegradation end-products ethane and ethene. No widespread changes in groundwater reduction-oxidation (redox) conditions were observed that could result in either more or less efficient biodegradation.</p>\n<p>Even with continued biodegradation, dissolved-phase contaminant concentrations in the tens of milligrams per liter have persisted beneath part of the 0.7-acre southern plantation. The magnitude and persistence of those concentrations indicate that non-aqueous phase liquid chloroethenes likely are present beneath the southern plantation and are not substantially affected by biodegradation. During 2010, chloroethenes continued to be measured in shallow groundwater samples from the southern part of the adjacent marsh, although at the lowest concentrations ever measured.</p>\n<p>Flux calculations based on 2010 data indicate that 95 percent of dissolved-phase chloroethenes in the upper aquifer beneath the southern landfill were degraded before discharging to surface water. Overall, biodegradation of chloroethenes in groundwater throughout OU 1 continued through 2010, and it prevented most of the mass of dissolved-phase chloroethenes in the upper aquifer beneath the landfill from discharging to surface water.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125013","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Northwest","usgsCitation":"Dinicola, R., and Huffman, R., 2012, Biodegradation of chloroethene compounds in groundwater at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1999-2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5013, vi, 25 p.; Tables; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125013.","productDescription":"vi, 25 p.; Tables; Appendix","startPage":"i","endPage":"56","numberOfPages":"62","temporalStart":"1999-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116464,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5013.jpg"},{"id":115880,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5013/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Naval Undersea Warfare Center;Division Keyport","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.63388888888889,47.683611111111105 ], [ -122.63388888888889,47.70111111111111 ], [ -122.60083333333333,47.70111111111111 ], [ -122.60083333333333,47.683611111111105 ], [ -122.63388888888889,47.683611111111105 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f147e4b0c8380cd4ab55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dinicola, R.S.","contributorId":64290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinicola","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huffman, R.L.","contributorId":44956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huffman","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70007483,"text":"ds658 - 2012 - Mercury species and other selected constituent concentrations in water, sediment, and biota of Sinclair Inlet, Kitsap County, Washington, 2007-10","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:42","indexId":"ds658","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-22T08:42:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"658","title":"Mercury species and other selected constituent concentrations in water, sediment, and biota of Sinclair Inlet, Kitsap County, Washington, 2007-10","docAbstract":"<p>This report presents data collected for two U.S. Geological Survey field sampling projects related to mercury (Hg) in Sinclair Inlet: (1) the Watersheds Sources Project that evaluated the sources of mercury to Sinclair Inlet during December 2007 to March 2010, and (2) the Methylation and Bioaccumulation Project, a comprehensive examination of mercury biogeochemistry in sediment, water, and zooplankton during August 2008&ndash;February 2010.</p>\n<p>For the Watershed Sources project, nonpoint and point sources of mercury to Sinclair Inlet from the Bremerton naval complex (BNC) were evaluated by using filtered total mercury and particulate total mercury measured in water samples collected from 11 wells, 2 dry dock sump discharges, and a steam plant's effluent at the BNC. Methylmercury sources to the inlet were examined by determining filtered methylmercury concentrations in water samples collected from five wells, two dry dock sump discharges, a steam plant's effluent, five intertidal piezometers, and three stormwater drains on the BNC, as well as in samples from five creeks, two wastewater treatment facilities, and three stormwater drains in the Sinclair Inlet watershed outside of the BNC. An improved understanding of tidally modulated mercury migration to Sinclair Inlet from the BNC was gained through three intensive nearshore (tidal) sampling events of mercury species in groundwater and a nearby stormwater drain.</p>\n<p>The Methylation and Bioaccumulation Project included a comprehensive field study of mercury biogeochemistry in marine sediment, water, and zooplankton in Sinclair Inlet. Mercury, iron, and sulfur species in sediment porewater from six sites within and three sites outside of Sinclair Inlet were measured to provide insight into the processes that produce methylmercury in the sediments. Total mercury, methylmercury, dissolved organic carbon, and redox-sensitive species were measured in porewaters in the top 2 centimeters of sediment, and these data were paired with sedimentary flux measurements from core incubation experiments to connect sedimentary processes to the water column. A broad-scale study of mercury methylation potential and mercury species at 20-plus stations in Sinclair Inlet was conducted in February 2009 and 2010, June 2009, and August 2009. Sedimentary flux measurements and analysis of mercury and biogeochemicals in sediment porewater and bottom water were made at six of the broad-scale stations. Bioaccumulation processes in the water column in the context of the sedimentary flux of methylmercury were examined using monthly survey data collected between August 2008 and August 2009. The survey data included concentrations of methylmercury and isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen in bulk zooplankton measured at four stations in Sinclair Inlet in the context of the population of bulk zooplankton ascertained by taxonomical identification. The analysis of filtered total mercury, total particulate mercury, filtered methylmercury, particulate methylmercury, chlorophyll a, isotopes of carbon and nitrogen in suspended matter, and other biogeochemical data will facilitate the examination of the biogeochemistry of mercury in Sinclair Inlet.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds658","usgsCitation":"Huffman, R., Wagner, R.J., Toft, J., Cordell, J., DeWild, J., Dinicola, R., Aiken, G., Krabbenhoft, D., Marvin-DiPasquale, M., Stewart, A., Moran, P., and Paulson, A., 2012, Mercury species and other selected constituent concentrations in water, sediment, and biota of Sinclair Inlet, Kitsap County, Washington, 2007-10: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 658, viii, 50 p.; Appendices; Appendix A - J Downloads, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds658.","productDescription":"viii, 50 p.; Appendices; Appendix A - J Downloads","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2007-12-01","temporalEnd":"2010-03-31","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116463,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_658.jpg"},{"id":115879,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/658/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Kitsap","otherGeospatial":"Sinclair Inlet","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124,46.95 ], [ -124,48.916666666666664 ], [ -122.83333333333333,48.916666666666664 ], [ -122.83333333333333,46.95 ], [ -124,46.95 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5430e4b0c8380cd6cee3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huffman, R.L.","contributorId":44956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huffman","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wagner, R. J.","contributorId":37318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Toft, J.","contributorId":51458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toft","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cordell, J. jonnie.cordell@bia.gov","contributorId":59946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cordell","given":"J.","email":"jonnie.cordell@bia.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"DeWild, J.F. 0000-0003-4097-2798 jfdewild@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4097-2798","contributorId":56375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWild","given":"J.F.","email":"jfdewild@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dinicola, R.S.","contributorId":64290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinicola","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Aiken, G. R. 0000-0001-8454-0984","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":14452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"G. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, D. P. 0000-0003-1964-5020","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":90765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"D. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Marvin-DiPasquale, M.","contributorId":28367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvin-DiPasquale","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Stewart, A.R.","contributorId":20470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Moran, P.W.","contributorId":9401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"P.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Paulson, A.J. apaulson@usgs.gov","contributorId":89617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paulson","given":"A.J.","email":"apaulson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70007473,"text":"sim3196 - 2012 - Flood-inundation maps for the Suncook River in Epsom, Pembroke, Allenstown, and Chichester, New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:42","indexId":"sim3196","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3196","title":"Flood-inundation maps for the Suncook River in Epsom, Pembroke, Allenstown, and Chichester, New Hampshire","docAbstract":"Digital flood-inundation maps for a 16.5-mile reach of the Suncook River in Epsom, Pembroke, Allenstown, and Chichester, N.H., from the confluence with the Merrimack River to U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Suncook River streamgage 01089500 at Depot Road in North Chichester, N.H., were created by the USGS in cooperation with the New Hampshire Department of Homeland Security and Emergency Management. The inundation maps presented in this report depict estimates of the areal extent and depth of flooding corresponding to selected water levels (stages) at the USGS streamgage at Suncook River at North Chichester, N.H. (station 01089500). The current conditions at the USGS streamgage may be obtained on the Internet (http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nh/nwis/uv/?site_no=01089500&PARAmeter_cd=00065,00060). The National Weather Service forecasts flood hydrographs at many places that are often collocated with USGS streamgages. Forecasted peak-stage information is available on the Internet at the National Weather Service (NWS) Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service (AHPS) flood-warning system site (http://water.weather.gov/ahps/) and may be used in conjunction with the maps developed in this study to show predicted areas of flood inundation.\r\nThese maps along with real-time stream stage data from the USGS Suncook River streamgage (station 01089500) and forecasted stream stage from the NWS will provide emergency management personnel and residents with information that is critical for flood-response activities, such as evacuations, road closures, disaster declarations, and post-flood recovery. The maps, along with current stream-stage data from the USGS Suncook River streamgage and forecasted stream-stage data from the NWS, can be accessed at the USGS Flood Inundation Mapping Science Web site http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3196","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Hampshire Department of Homeland Security and Emergency Management","usgsCitation":"Flynn, R.H., Johnston, C.M., and Hays, L., 2012, Flood-inundation maps for the Suncook River in Epsom, Pembroke, Allenstown, and Chichester, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3196, Pamphlet: viii, 10 p.; 20 plates; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3196.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: viii, 10 p.; 20 plates; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":468,"text":"New Hampshire-Vermont Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116394,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3196.png"},{"id":115840,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3196/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital line graphs","country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire","county":"Merrimack","city":"Epsom;Pembroke;Allenstown;Chichester","otherGeospatial":"Depot Road","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -72,43 ], [ -72,43.5 ], [ -71,43.5 ], [ -71,43 ], [ -72,43 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1169e4b0c8380cd53fb1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flynn, Robert H. rflynn@usgs.gov","contributorId":2137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flynn","given":"Robert","email":"rflynn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnston, Craig M. cmjohnst@usgs.gov","contributorId":1814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"Craig","email":"cmjohnst@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hays, Laura","contributorId":77296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hays","given":"Laura","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70007458,"text":"ofr20111297 - 2012 - Concentrations of mercury and other metals in black bass (Micropterus spp.) from Whiskeytown Lake, Shasta County, California, 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:43","indexId":"ofr20111297","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1297","title":"Concentrations of mercury and other metals in black bass (Micropterus spp.) from Whiskeytown Lake, Shasta County, California, 2005","docAbstract":"This report presents the results of a reconnaissance study conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to determine mercury (Hg) and other selected metal concentrations in Black bass (<i>Micropterus spp.</i>) from Whiskeytown Lake, Shasta County, California. Total mercury concentrations were determined by cold-vapor atomic absorption spectroscopy (CVAAS) in fillets and whole bodies of each sampled fish. Selected metals scans were performed on whole bodies (less the fillets) by inductively coupled plasma&ndash;mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma&ndash;optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Mercury concentrations in fillet samples ranged from 0.06 to 0.52 micrograms per gram (&mu;g/g) wet weight (ww). Total mercury (HgT) in the same fish whole-body samples ranged from 0.04 to 0.37 (&mu;g/g, ww). Mercury concentrations in 17 percent of \"legal catch size\" (&ge;305 millimeters in length) were above the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency water-quality criterion for the protection of human health of 0.30 &mu;g/g (ww). These data will serve as a baseline for future monitoring efforts within Whiskeytown Lake.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111297","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service, Whiskeytown National Recreation Area and the Burned Area Response Program","usgsCitation":"May, J., Hothem, R.L., Bauer, M.L., and Brown, L.R., 2012, Concentrations of mercury and other metals in black bass (Micropterus spp.) from Whiskeytown Lake, Shasta County, California, 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1297, vi, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111297.","productDescription":"vi, 16 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"16","numberOfPages":"20","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116352,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1297.jpg"},{"id":115817,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1297/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Shasta County","otherGeospatial":"Whiskeytown Lake","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f993e4b0c8380cd4d69f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"May, Jason T. 0000-0002-5699-2112","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5699-2112","contributorId":14791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"Jason T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hothem, Roger L. roger_hothem@usgs.gov","contributorId":1721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hothem","given":"Roger","email":"roger_hothem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bauer, Marissa L.","contributorId":30359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauer","given":"Marissa","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, Larry R. 0000-0001-6702-4531 lrbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6702-4531","contributorId":1717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Larry","email":"lrbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70007512,"text":"70007512 - 2012 - A remote sensing approach for estimating the location and rate of urban irrigation in semi-arid climates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-25T16:51:15.491091","indexId":"70007512","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-19T18:15:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A remote sensing approach for estimating the location and rate of urban irrigation in semi-arid climates","docAbstract":"<p>Urban irrigation is an important component of the hydrologic cycle in many areas of the arid and semiarid western United States. This paper describes a new approach that uses readily available datasets to estimate the location and rate of urban irrigation. The approach provides a repeatable methodology at 1/3 km<sup>2</sup> resolution across a large urbanized area (500 km<sup>2</sup>). For this study, Landsat Thematic Mapper satellite imagery, air photos, climatic records, and a land-use map were used to: (1) identify the fraction of irrigated landscaping in urban areas, and (2) estimate the monthly rate of irrigation being applied to those areas. The area chosen for this study was the San Fernando Valley in Southern California.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Identifying irrigated areas involved the use of 29 satellite images, air photos, and a land-use map. The fraction of a pixel that consists of irrigated landscaping (F<sub>irr</sub>) was estimated using a linear-mixture model of two land-cover endmembers (selected pixels within a satellite image that represent a targeted land-cover). The two endmembers were impervious and fully-irrigated landscaping. In the San Fernando Valley, we used airport buildings, runways, and pavement to represent the impervious endmember; golf courses and parks were used to represent the fully irrigated endmember. The average F<sup>irr</sup> using all 29 satellite scenes was 44%. F<sub>irr</sub> calculated from hand-digitizing using air photos for 13 randomly selected single-family-residential neighborhoods showed similar results (42%).</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Estimating the rate of irrigation required identification of a third endmember: areas that consisted of urban vegetation but were not irrigated. This \"nonirrigated\" endmember was used to compute a Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) surplus, defined as the difference between the NDVI signals of the irrigated and nonirrigated endmembers. The NDVI signals from irrigated areas remains relatively constant throughout the year, whereas the signal from nonirrigated areas rises and falls seasonally due to precipitation. The areas between airport runways were chosen to represent the nonirrigated endmember. Water-delivery records from 65 spatially-distributed single-family neighborhoods, consisting of nearly 1800 homes, were correlated with the NDVI surplus. The results show a strong exponential correlation (<i>r</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.94).</p>\n<br/>\n<p>In the absence of water-delivery records, which can be difficult to obtain, a surrogate was identified: the landscape evapotranspiration rate (ET<sub>L</sub>). ET<sub>L</sub> was used to scale NDVI surplus (which is dimensionless) to irrigation rates using an exponential scaling function. The monthly irrigation rates calculated from satellite and climatic data compared well with irrigation rates calculated from actual water-delivery data using a paired Wilcoxan signed-rank test (<i>p</i> = 0.0063).</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Identification of F<sub>irr</sub> at the pixel scale, along with identification of the irrigation rate for a fully-irrigated pixel, allows for mapping of urban irrigation over large areas. Maps showing the location and rate of monthly irrigation for the San Fernando study area were computed for January and August 1997.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.10.016","usgsCitation":"Johnson, T., and Belitz, K., 2012, A remote sensing approach for estimating the location and rate of urban irrigation in semi-arid climates: Journal of Hydrology, v. 414-415, p. 86-98, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.10.016.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"86","endPage":"98","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204733,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Fernando Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.608119,34.038848 ], [ -118.608119,34.287715 ], [ -118.280568,34.287715 ], [ -118.280568,34.038848 ], [ -118.608119,34.038848 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"414-415","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e546e4b0c8380cd46c61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Tyler D. 0000-0002-7334-9188","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7334-9188","contributorId":64366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Tyler D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70007453,"text":"sir20125021 - 2012 - Environmental settings of the South Fork Iowa River basin, Iowa, and the Bogue Phalia basin, Mississippi, 2006-10","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:42","indexId":"sir20125021","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5021","title":"Environmental settings of the South Fork Iowa River basin, Iowa, and the Bogue Phalia basin, Mississippi, 2006-10","docAbstract":"Studies of the transport and fate of agricultural chemicals in different environmental settings were conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program's Agricultural Chemicals Team (ACT) at seven sites across the Nation, including the South Fork Iowa River basin in central Iowa and the Bogue Phalia basin in northwestern Mississippi. The South Fork Iowa River basin is representative of midwestern agriculture, where corn and soybeans are the predominant crops and a large percentage of the cultivated land is underlain by artificial drainage. The Bogue Phalia basin is representative of corn, soybean, cotton, and rice cropping in the humid, subtropical southeastern United States. Details of the environmental settings of these basins and the data-collection activities conducted by the USGS ACT over the 2006-10 study period are described in this report.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125021","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program?","usgsCitation":"McCarthy, K.A., Rose, C.E., and Kalkhoff, S.J., 2012, Environmental settings of the South Fork Iowa River basin, Iowa, and the Bogue Phalia basin, Mississippi, 2006-10: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5021, viii, 22 p.; HTML Document; XLS Download of Tables 1 and 2, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125021.","productDescription":"viii, 22 p.; HTML Document; XLS Download of Tables 1 and 2","startPage":"i","endPage":"22","numberOfPages":"30","temporalStart":"2006-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116392,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5021.jpg"},{"id":115809,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5021/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa;Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"South Fork Iowa River Basin;Bogue Phalia Basin","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a09e8e4b0c8380cd520e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCarthy, Kathleen A. mccarthy@usgs.gov","contributorId":1159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarthy","given":"Kathleen","email":"mccarthy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":356409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rose, Claire E. 0000-0002-5519-3538 cerose@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5519-3538","contributorId":2317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"Claire","email":"cerose@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kalkhoff, Stephen J. 0000-0003-4110-1716 sjkalkho@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4110-1716","contributorId":1731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalkhoff","given":"Stephen","email":"sjkalkho@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":35680,"text":"Illinois-Iowa-Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70007432,"text":"sir20125024 - 2012 - Lateral and vertical channel movement and potential for bed-material movement on the Madison River downstream from Earthquake Lake, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:43","indexId":"sir20125024","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-15T09:45:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5024","title":"Lateral and vertical channel movement and potential for bed-material movement on the Madison River downstream from Earthquake Lake, Montana","docAbstract":"<p>The 1959 Hebgen Lake earthquake caused a massive landslide (Madison Slide) that dammed the Madison River and formed Earthquake Lake. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers excavated a spillway through the Madison Slide to permit outflow from Earthquake Lake. In June 1970, high streamflows on the Madison River severely eroded the spillway channel and damaged the roadway embankment along U.S. Highway 287 downstream from the Madison Slide. Investigations undertaken following the 1970 flood events concluded that substantial erosion through and downstream from the spillway could be expected for streamflows greater than 3,500 cubic feet per second (ft<sup>3</sup>/s). Accordingly, the owners of Hebgen Dam, upstream from Earthquake Lake, have tried to manage releases from Hebgen Lake to prevent streamflows from exceeding 3,500 ft<sup>3</sup>/s measured at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) gaging station 0638800 Madison River at Kirby Ranch, near Cameron, Montana.</p>\r\n<p>Management of flow releases from Hebgen Lake to avoid exceeding the threshold streamflow at USGS gaging station 06038800 is difficult, and has been questioned for two reasons. First, no road damage was reported downstream from the Earthquake Lake outlet in 1993, 1996, and 1997 when streamflows exceeded the 3,500-ft<sup>3</sup>/s threshold. Second, the 3,500-ft<sup>3</sup>/s threshold generally precludes releases of higher flows that could be beneficial to the blue-ribbon trout fishery downstream in the Madison River.</p>\r\n<p>In response to concerns about minimizing streamflow downstream from Earthquake Lake and the possible armoring of the spillway, the USGS, in cooperation with the Madison River Fisheries Technical Advisory Committee (MADTAC; Bureau of Land Management; Montana Department of Environmental Quality; Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks; PPL-Montana; U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service - Gallatin National Forest; and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service), conducted a study to determine movement of the Madison River channel downstream from Earthquake Lake and to investigate the potential for bed material movement along the same reach. The purpose of this report is to present information about the lateral and vertical movement of the Madison River from 1970 to 2006 for a 1-mile reach downstream from Earthquake Lake and for Raynolds Pass Bridge, and to provide an analysis of the potential for bed-material movement so that MADTAC can evaluate the applicability of the previously determined threshold streamflow for initiation of damaging erosion.</p>\r\n<p>As part of this study channel cross sections originally surveyed by the USGS in 1971 were resurveyed in 2006. Incremental channel-movement distances were determined by comparing the stream centerlines from 14 aerial photographs taken between 1970 and 2006. Depths of channel incision and aggregation were determined by comparing the 2006 and 1971 cross-section and water-surface data. Particle sizes of bed and bank materials were measured in 2006 and 2008 using the pebble-count method and sieve analyses. A one-dimensional hydraulic-flow model (HEC-RAS) was used to calculate mean boundary-shear stresses for various streamflows; these calculated boundary-shear stresses were compared to calculated critical-shear stresses for the bed materials to determine the potential for bed-material movement.</p>\r\n<p>A comparison of lateral channel movement distances with annual peak streamflows shows that streamflows higher than the 3,500-ft<sup>3</sup>/s threshold were followed by lateral channel movement except from 1991 to 1992 and possibly from 1996 to 1997. However, it was not possible to discern whether the channel moved gradually or suddenly, or in response to one peak flow, to several peak flows, or to sustained flows. The channel moved between 2002 and 2005 even when streamflows were less than the threshold streamflow of 3,500 ft<sup>3</sup>/s.</p>\r\n<p>Comparisons of cross sections and aerial photographs show that the channel has moved laterally and incised and aggraded to varying degrees. The channel has developed meander bends and has incised as much as 5&ndash;12 feet (ft) through the upstream part of the Madison Slide (cross sections 1400&ndash;800). Near cross section 800, the stream has eroded into the steep right bank between the stream and the road where fill was mechanically placed after 1970. Channel movement also was noted downstream from the Madison Slide.</p>\r\n<p>Near Raynolds Pass Bridge, about 3 miles (mi) downstream from Earthquake Lake, elevations across the channel have changed by -1.4 ft to +1.9 ft, but these changes were local in nature and could represent a few rocks or depressions in the bed. Overall, it does not appear that the materials eroded from the Madison Slide are causing aggradation in the subreach near the Raynolds Pass Bridge.</p>\r\n<p>Comparisons of critical shear stresses to mean boundary-shear stresses indicate that the D50 particle sizes (median size) along the right side of the bed between cross sections 400 and 500 and along the right side of the bed between cross sections 1300 and 1400 could move at the threshold streamflow. In contrast, most of the D84 particle sizes at those two locations probably will not move at the threshold streamflow. This lack of movement for the larger particles at the threshold streamflow could lead to further armoring of the bed as the D50 and smaller-sized particles are removed from the bed and transported downstream.</p>\r\n<p>The Shields parameter values from 0.04 to 0.08 that were used to calculate critical shear stresses could be conservative for a high-gradient stream such as the Madison. A higher, less conservative, Shields parameter would result in higher critical shear stresses, meaning that higher streamflows would be required to move material than those reported herein. In addition, because materials in the channel thalweg are exposed to higher boundary-shear stresses than the materials along the sides of the channel, larger, more erosion-resistant materials likely exist in the deeper parts of the channel where high-flow depths and velocities prevented sediment sampling. Movement of these materials might require higher critical shear stresses than estimated in this report. Characterization of sediment sizes in the center of the stream and observation of bed-material movement for a range of streamflows could provide information to help refine the Shields parameter and critical-shear stress estimates for bed materials in the Madison River downstream from Earthquake Lake. Furthermore, resurveying cross sections and water-surface elevations more frequently (either annually or after high streamflows) could better define the relation between streamflow and lateral and vertical channel movement.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125024","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Madison River Fisheries Technical Advisory Committee Bureau of Land Management Montana Department of Environmental Quality Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks PPL-Montana U.S. Department of Agriculture ? Gallatin National Forest U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Chase, K.J., and McCarthy, P., 2012, Lateral and vertical channel movement and potential for bed-material movement on the Madison River downstream from Earthquake Lake, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5024, vii, 38 p.; Appendix; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125024.","productDescription":"vii, 38 p.; Appendix; Downloads Directory","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":400,"text":"Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116346,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5024.gif"},{"id":115801,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5024/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Earthquake Lake;Madison River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.6,44.75 ], [ -111.6,44.9 ], [ -111.26666666666667,44.9 ], [ -111.26666666666667,44.75 ], [ -111.6,44.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a456ee4b0c8380cd672f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chase, Katherine J. 0000-0002-5796-4148 kchase@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5796-4148","contributorId":454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chase","given":"Katherine","email":"kchase@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCarthy, Peter 0000-0002-2396-7463 pmccarth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2396-7463","contributorId":2504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarthy","given":"Peter","email":"pmccarth@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70007380,"text":"70007380 - 2012 - Common coastal foraging areas for loggerheads in the Gulf of Mexico: Opportunities for marine conservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-30T16:23:33.556984","indexId":"70007380","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-15T09:32:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Common coastal foraging areas for loggerheads in the Gulf of Mexico: Opportunities for marine conservation","docAbstract":"<p><span>Designing conservation strategies that protect wide-ranging marine species is a significant challenge, but integrating regional telemetry datasets and synthesizing modeled movements and behavior offer promise for uncovering distinct at-sea areas that are important habitats for imperiled marine species. Movement paths of 10 satellite-tracked female loggerheads (</span><i>Caretta caretta</i><span>) from three separate subpopulations in the Gulf of Mexico, USA, revealed migration to discrete foraging sites in two common areas at-sea in 2008, 2009, and 2010. Foraging sites were 102–904</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>km away from nesting and tagging sites, and located off southwest Florida and the northern Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Within 3–35</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>days, turtles migrated to foraging sites where they all displayed high site fidelity over time. Core-use foraging areas were 13.0–335.2</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>km</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;in size, in water &lt;50</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>m deep, within a mean distance to nearest coastline of 58.5</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>km, and in areas of relatively high net primary productivity. The existence of shared regional foraging sites highlights an opportunity for marine conservation strategies to protect important at-sea habitats for these imperiled marine turtles, in both USA and international waters. Until now, knowledge of important at-sea foraging areas for adult loggerheads in the Gulf of Mexico has been limited. To better understand the spatial distribution of marine turtles that have complex life-histories, we propose further integration of disparate tracking data-sets at the oceanic scale along with modeling of movements to identify critical at-sea foraging habitats where individuals may be resident during non-nesting periods.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2011.10.030","usgsCitation":"Hart, K.M., Lamont, M.M., Fujisaki, I., Tucker, A.D., and Carthy, R.R., 2012, Common coastal foraging areas for loggerheads in the Gulf of Mexico: Opportunities for marine conservation: Biological Conservation, v. 145, no. 1, p. 185-194, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2011.10.030.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"185","endPage":"194","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204672,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico, United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Mexico, Yucatan Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.771484375,\n              25.20494115356912\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.6943359375,\n              28.304380682962783\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.6279296875,\n              30.183121842195515\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.2314453125,\n              30.56226095049944\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.00976562499999,\n              29.22889003019423\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.119140625,\n              27.332735136859146\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.3828125,\n              24.5271348225978\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.8115234375,\n              20.427012814257385\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.49316406249999,\n              18.812717856407776\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.548828125,\n              18.521283325496277\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.12109375,\n              19.02057711096681\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.4072265625,\n              19.89072302399691\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.517578125,\n              22.67484735118852\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.771484375,\n              25.20494115356912\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"145","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f7fce4b0c8380cd4ce00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hart, Kristen M. 0000-0002-5257-7974 kristen_hart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5257-7974","contributorId":1966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Kristen","email":"kristen_hart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lamont, Margaret M. 0000-0001-7520-6669 mlamont@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7520-6669","contributorId":4525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamont","given":"Margaret","email":"mlamont@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fujisaki, Ikuko","contributorId":31108,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fujisaki","given":"Ikuko","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12557,"text":"University of Florida, FLREC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":356348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tucker, Anton D.","contributorId":79232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tucker","given":"Anton","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Carthy, Raymond R. 0000-0001-8978-5083 rayc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8978-5083","contributorId":3685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carthy","given":"Raymond","email":"rayc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70007369,"text":"ds665 - 2012 - EAARL coastal topography--Alligator Point, Louisiana, 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-16T00:10:04","indexId":"ds665","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"665","title":"EAARL coastal topography--Alligator Point, Louisiana, 2010","docAbstract":"This project provides highly detailed and accurate datasets of a portion of Alligator Point, Louisiana, acquired on March 5 and 6, 2010. The datasets are made available for use as a management tool to research scientists and natural-resource managers. An innovative airborne lidar instrument originally developed at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Wallops Flight Facility, and known as the Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL), was used during data acquisition. The EAARL system is a raster-scanning, waveform-resolving, green-wavelength (532-nanometer) lidar designed to map near-shore bathymetry, topography, and vegetation structure simultaneously. The EAARL sensor suite includes the raster-scanning, water-penetrating full-waveform adaptive lidar, a down-looking red-green-blue (RGB) digital camera, a high-resolution multispectral color-infrared (CIR) camera, two precision dual-frequency kinematic carrier-phase GPS receivers, and an integrated miniature digital inertial measurement unit, which provide for sub-meter georeferencing of each laser sample. The nominal EAARL platform is a twin-engine aircraft, but the instrument was deployed on a Pilatus PC-6. A single pilot, a lidar operator, and a data analyst constitute the crew for most survey operations. This sensor has the potential to make significant contributions in measuring sub-aerial and submarine coastal topography within cross-environmental surveys. Elevation measurements were collected over the survey area using the EAARL system, and the resulting data were then processed using the Airborne Lidar Processing System (ALPS), a custom-built processing system developed in a NASA-USGS collaboration. ALPS supports the exploration and processing of lidar data in an interactive or batch mode. Modules for presurvey flight-line definition, flight-path plotting, lidar raster and waveform investigation, and digital camera image playback have been developed. Processing algorithms have been developed to extract the range to the first and last significant return within each waveform. ALPS is used routinely to create maps that represent submerged or sub-aerial topography. Specialized filtering algorithms have been implemented to determine the \"bare earth\" under vegetation from a point cloud of last return elevations.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds665","usgsCitation":"Nayegandhi, A., Bonisteel-Cormier, J., Wright, C.W., Brock, J.C., Nagle, D., Vivekanandan, S., Fredericks, X., and Barras, J., 2012, EAARL coastal topography--Alligator Point, Louisiana, 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 665, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds665.","productDescription":"HTML Document","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2010-03-05","temporalEnd":"2010-03-06","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116350,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_665.jpg"},{"id":115805,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/665/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Alligator Point","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89.85,30 ], [ -89.85,30.166666666666668 ], [ -89.6,30.166666666666668 ], [ -89.6,30 ], [ -89.85,30 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a044be4b0c8380cd508af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nayegandhi, Amar","contributorId":37292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nayegandhi","given":"Amar","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bonisteel-Cormier, J.M.","contributorId":8060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonisteel-Cormier","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wright, C. W. wwright@usgs.gov","contributorId":49758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"C.","email":"wwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brock, J. C.","contributorId":36095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nagle, D.B.","contributorId":40568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagle","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Vivekanandan, Saisudha","contributorId":84325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vivekanandan","given":"Saisudha","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fredericks, Xan","contributorId":35704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fredericks","given":"Xan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Barras, J.A.","contributorId":44260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barras","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70007393,"text":"sir20125018 - 2012 - Hydrologic conditions, groundwater quality, and analysis of sink hole formation in the Albany area of Dougherty County, Georgia, 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T12:41:10","indexId":"sir20125018","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5018","title":"Hydrologic conditions, groundwater quality, and analysis of sink hole formation in the Albany area of Dougherty County, Georgia, 2009","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Albany Water, Gas, and Light Commission has conducted water resources investigations and monitored groundwater conditions and availability in the Albany, Georgia, area since 1977. This report presents an overview of hydrologic conditions, water quality, and groundwater studies in the Albany area of Dougherty County, Georgia, during 2009. Historical data also are presented for comparison with 2009 data. During 2009, groundwater-level data were collected in 29 wells in the Albany area to monitor water-level trends in the surficial, Upper Floridan, Claiborne, Clayton, and Providence aquifers. Groundwater-level data from 21 of the 29 wells indicated an increasing trend during 2008&ndash;09. Five wells show no trend due to lack of data and three wells have decreasing trends. Period-of-record water levels (period of record ranged between 1957&ndash;2009 and 2003&ndash;2009) declined slightly in 10 wells and increased slightly in 4 wells tapping the Upper Floridan aquifer; declined in 1 well and increased in 2 wells tapping the Claiborne aquifer; declined in 4 wells and increased in 2 wells tapping the Clayton aquifer; and increased in 1 well tapping the Providence aquifer. Analyses of groundwater samples collected during 2009 from 12 wells in the Upper Floridan aquifer in the vicinity of a well field located southwest of Albany indicate that overall concentrations of nitrate plus nitrite as nitrogen increased slightly from 2008 in 8 wells. A maximum concentration of 12.9 milligrams per liter was found in a groundwater sample from a well located upgradient from the well field. The distinct difference in chemical constituents of water samples collected from the Flint River and samples collected from wells located in the well-field area southwest of Albany indicates that little water exchange occurs between the Upper Floridan aquifer and Flint River where the river flows adjacent to, but downgradient of, the well field. Water-quality data collected during 2008 from two municipal wells located in northern Albany and downgradient from a hazardous waste site indicate low-level concentrations of pesticides in one of the wells; however, no pesticides were detected in samples collected during 2009. Detailed geologic cross sections were used to create a three-dimensional, hydrogeologic diagram of the well field southwest of Albany in order to examine the occurrence of subsurface features conducive to sinkhole formation. Monitored groundwater-level data were used to assess the possible relations between sinkhole formation, precipitation, and water levels in the Upper Floridan aquifer. Although the water levels in well 12L382 oscillated above and below the top of the aquifer on a regular basis between 2007 and 2009, sinkhole development did not appear to correlate directly with either well-field pumping or water levels in the Upper Floridan aquifer. Specifically, two sinkholes formed in each of the years 2003 and 2005 when water levels were almost 20 feet above the top of the aquifer during most of the year. Water-level and sinkhole-formation data continue to be collected to allow further study and analysis.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125018","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Albany Water, Gas, and Light Commission","usgsCitation":"Gordon, D.W., Painter, J.A., and McCranie, J.M., 2012, Hydrologic conditions, groundwater quality, and analysis of sink hole formation in the Albany area of Dougherty County, Georgia, 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5018, vii, 23 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125018.","productDescription":"vii, 23 p.; Appendices","startPage":"i","endPage":"60","numberOfPages":"67","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2009-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science 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,{"id":70007370,"text":"ofr20121027 - 2012 - Distribution and condition of larval and juvenile Lost River and shortnose suckers in the Williamson River Delta restoration project and Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-14T00:10:03","indexId":"ofr20121027","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1027","title":"Distribution and condition of larval and juvenile Lost River and shortnose suckers in the Williamson River Delta restoration project and Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon","docAbstract":"Federally endangered Lost River sucker <i>(Deltistes luxatus)</i> and shortnose sucker <i>(Chasmistes brevirostris)</i> were once abundant throughout their range but populations have declined. They were extirpated from several lakes in the 1920s and may no longer reproduce in other lakes. Poor recruitment to the adult spawning populations is one of several reasons cited for the decline and lack of recovery of these species and may be the consequence of high mortality during juvenile life stages. High larval and juvenile sucker mortality may be exacerbated by an insufficient quantity of suitable or high-quality rearing habitat. In addition, larval suckers may be swept downstream from suitable rearing areas in Upper Klamath Lake into Keno Reservoir, where they are assumed lost to Upper Klamath Lake populations. The Nature Conservancy flooded about 3,600 acres (1,456 hectares) to the north of the Williamson River mouth (Tulana) in October 2007, and about 1,400 acres (567 hectares) to the south and east of the Williamson River mouth (Goose Bay Farms) in October 2008, in order to retain larval suckers in Upper Klamath Lake, create nursery habitat, and improve water quality. The U.S. Geological Survey joined a long-term research and monitoring program in collaboration with The Nature Conservancy, the Bureau of Reclamation, and Oregon State University in 2008 to assess the effects of the Williamson River Delta restoration on the early life-history stages of Lost River and shortnose suckers. The primary objectives of the research were to describe habitat colonization and use by larval and juvenile suckers and non-sucker fishes and to evaluate the effects of the restored habitat on the health and condition of juvenile suckers. This report summarizes data collected in 2010 by the U.S. Geological Survey as a part of this monitoring effort and follows two annual reports on data collected in 2008 and 2009. Restoration modifications made to the Williamson River Delta appeared to provide additional suitable rearing habitat for endangered Lost River and shortnose suckers from 2008 to 2010 based on sucker catches. Mean larval sample density was greater for both species in the Williamson River Delta than adjacent lake habitats in all 3 years. In addition to larval suckers, at least three age classes of juvenile suckers were captured in the delta. The shallow Goose Bay Farms and Tulana Emergent were among the most used habitats by age-0 suckers in 2009. Both of these environments became inaccessible due to low water in 2010, however, and were not sampled after July 19, 2010. In contrast, age-1 sucker catches shifted from the shallow water (about 0.5-1.5 m deep) on the eastern side of the Williamson River Delta in May, to deeper water environments (greater than 2 m) by the end of June or early July in all 3 years. Differential distribution among sucker species within the Williamson River Delta and between the delta and adjacent lakes indicated that shortnose suckers likely benefited more from the restored Williamson River Delta than Lost River or Klamath largescale suckers <i>(Catostomus snyderi)</i>. Catch rates in shallow-water habitats within the delta were higher for shortnose and Klamath largescale sucker larvae than for larval Lost River suckers in 2008, 2009, and 2010. Shortnose suckers also comprised the greatest portion of age-0 suckers captured in the Williamson River Delta in all 3 years of the study. The relative abundance of age-1 shortnose suckers was high in our catches compared to age-1 Lost River suckers in 2009 and 2010. The restored delta also created habitat for several piscivorous fishes, but only two appeared to pose a meaningful threat of predation to suckers - fathead minnows <i>(Pimephales promelas)</i> and yellow perch <i>(Perca flavescens)</i>. Fathead minnows that prey on larval but not juvenile suckers dominated catches in all sampling areas. Yellow perch also were abundant throughout the study area, but based on their gape size and co-occurrence with suckers, most were only capable of preying on larvae. Low May lake-surface elevation, below average snow pack, and anticipated irrigation demands indicated late summer water levels in Upper Klamath Lake would be unusually low in 2010. In response to concerns by the Fish and Wildlife Service and The Nature Conservancy that low-water conditions might strand fish on the delta, low water seine surveys were implemented. Eleven fishes, including both endangered suckers, were captured in seine surveys, including both species of suckers, which continued to use shallow water less than 0.4 m deep through September 21. Lake elevation declined to 1,261.54 m (4,138.9 feet) in mid-September 2010, but did not appear to strand fish or cause large-scale fish mortality.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121027","usgsCitation":"Burdick, S.M., 2012, Distribution and condition of larval and juvenile Lost River and shortnose suckers in the Williamson River Delta restoration project and Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1027, vi, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121027.","productDescription":"vi, 38 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116344,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1027.jpg"},{"id":115797,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1027/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Upper Klamath Lake;Williamson River Delta;Agency Lake;Williamson River;Sprague River;Keno Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.08333333333333,42.25 ], [ -122.08333333333333,42.583333333333336 ], [ -121.75,42.583333333333336 ], [ -121.75,42.25 ], [ -122.08333333333333,42.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0282e4b0c8380cd50099","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burdick, Summer M. 0000-0002-3480-5793 sburdick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3480-5793","contributorId":3448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burdick","given":"Summer","email":"sburdick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70007307,"text":"sir20115235 - 2012 - Groundwater flow, quality (2007-10), and mixing in the Wind Cave National Park area, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-14T11:31:09","indexId":"sir20115235","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5235","title":"Groundwater flow, quality (2007-10), and mixing in the Wind Cave National Park area, South Dakota","docAbstract":"A study of groundwater flow, quality, and mixing in relation to Wind Cave National Park in western South Dakota was conducted during 2007-11 by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the National Park Service because of water-quality concerns and to determine possible sources of groundwater contamination in the Wind Cave National Park area. A large area surrounding Wind Cave National Park was included in this study because to understand groundwater in the park, a general understanding of groundwater in the surrounding southern Black Hills is necessary. Three aquifers are of particular importance for this purpose: the Minnelusa, Madison, and Precambrian aquifers. Multivariate methods applied to hydrochemical data, consisting of principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis, and an end-member mixing model, were applied to characterize groundwater flow and mixing. This provided a way to assess characteristics important for groundwater quality, including the differentiation of hydrogeologic domains within the study area, sources of groundwater to these domains, and groundwater mixing within these domains. Groundwater and surface-water samples collected for this study were analyzed for common ions (calcium, magnesium, sodium, bicarbonate, chloride, silica, and sulfate), arsenic, stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen, specific conductance, and pH. These 12 variables were used in all multivariate methods. A total of 100 samples were collected from 60 sites from 2007 to 2010 and included stream sinks, cave drip, cave water bodies, springs, and wells. In previous approaches that combined PCA with end-member mixing, extreme-value samples identified by PCA typically were assumed to represent end members. In this study, end members were not assumed to have been sampled but rather were estimated and constrained by prior hydrologic knowledge. Also, the end-member mixing model was quantified in relation to hydrogeologic domains, which focuses model results on major hydrologic processes. Finally, conservative tracers were weighted preferentially in model calibration, which distributed model errors of optimized values, or residuals, more appropriately than would otherwise be the case The latter item also provides an estimate of the relative effect of geochemical evolution along flow paths in comparison to mixing. The end-member mixing model estimated that Wind Cave sites received 38 percent of their groundwater inflow from local surface recharge, 34 percent from the upgradient Precambrian aquifer, 26 percent from surface recharge to the west, and 2 percent from regional flow. Artesian springs primarily received water from end members assumed to represent regional groundwater flow. Groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for chlorofluorocarbons, dissolved gasses (argon, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen, and oxygen), and tritium at selected sites and used to estimate groundwater age. Apparent ages, or model ages, for the Madison aquifer in the study area indicate that groundwater closest to surface recharge areas is youngest, with increasing age in a downgradient direction toward deeper parts of the aquifer. Arsenic concentrations in samples collected for this study ranged from 0.28 to 37.1 micrograms per liter (&mu;g/L) with a median value of 6.4 &mu;g/L, and 32 percent of these exceeded 10 &mu;g/L. The highest arsenic concentrations in and near the study area are approximately coincident with the outcrop of the Minnelusa Formation and likely originated from arsenic in shale layers in this formation. Sample concentrations of nitrate plus nitrite were less than 2 milligrams per liter for 92 percent of samples collected, which is not a concern for drinking-water quality. Water samples were collected in the park and analyzed for five trace metals (chromium, copper, lithium, vanadium, and zinc), the concentrations of which did not correlate with arsenic. Dye tracing indicated hydraulic connection between three water bodies in Wind Cave.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115235","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Long, A.J., Ohms, M.J., and McKaskey, J.D., 2012, Groundwater flow, quality (2007-10), and mixing in the Wind Cave National Park area, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5235, vi, 41 p.; Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115235.","productDescription":"vi, 41 p.; Tables","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116390,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5235.jpg"},{"id":115794,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5235/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Wind Cave National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 103.8,43.3 ], [ 103.8,43.8 ], [ 103.3,43.8 ], [ 103.3,43.3 ], [ 103.8,43.3 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2da3e4b0c8380cd5bf76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Long, Andrew J. 0000-0001-7385-8081 ajlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7385-8081","contributorId":989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"Andrew","email":"ajlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ohms, Marc J.","contributorId":8613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohms","given":"Marc","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McKaskey, Jonathan D.R.G.","contributorId":28000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKaskey","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.R.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70007341,"text":"ofr20111291 - 2012 - Gap Analysis of Benthic Mapping at Three National Parks: Assateague Island National Seashore, Channel Islands National Park, and Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-11T00:10:04","indexId":"ofr20111291","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1291","title":"Gap Analysis of Benthic Mapping at Three National Parks: Assateague Island National Seashore, Channel Islands National Park, and Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore","docAbstract":"The National Park Service (NPS) Inventory and Monitoring (I&M) Program initiated a benthic habitat mapping program in ocean and coastal parks in 2008-2009 in alignment with the NPS Ocean Park Stewardship 2007-2008 Action Plan. With more than 80 ocean and Great Lakes parks encompassing approximately 2.5 million acres of submerged territory and approximately 12,000 miles of coastline (Curdts, 2011), this Servicewide Benthic Mapping Program (SBMP) is essential. This report presents an initial gap analysis of three pilot parks under the SBMP: Assateague Island National Seashore (ASIS), Channel Islands National Park (CHIS), and Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore (SLBE) (fig. 1). The recommended SBMP protocols include servicewide standards (for example, gap analysis, minimum accuracy, final products) as well as standards that can be adapted to fit network and park unit needs (for example, minimum mapping unit, mapping priorities). The SBMP requires the inventory and mapping of critical components of coastal and marine ecosystems: bathymetry, geoforms, surface geology, and biotic cover. In order for a park unit benthic inventory to be considered complete, maps of bathymetry and other key components must be combined into a final report (Moses and others, 2010). By this standard, none of the three pilot parks are mapped (inventoried) to completion with respect to submerged resources. After compiling the existing benthic datasets for these parks, this report has concluded that CHIS, with 49 percent of its submerged area mapped, has the most complete benthic inventory of the three. The ASIS submerged inventory is 41 percent complete, and SLBE is 17.5 percent complete.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111291","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Rose, K.V., Nayegandhi, A., Moses, C.S., Beavers, R., Lavoie, D., and Brock, J., 2012, Gap Analysis of Benthic Mapping at Three National Parks: Assateague Island National Seashore, Channel Islands National Park, and Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1291, v, 60 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111291.","productDescription":"v, 60 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"60","numberOfPages":"65","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116389,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1291.jpg"},{"id":115793,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1291/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Assateague Island National Seashore;Channel Islands National Park;Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a14b5e4b0c8380cd54b10","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rose, Kathryn V.","contributorId":45451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"Kathryn","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nayegandhi, Amar","contributorId":37292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nayegandhi","given":"Amar","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moses, Christopher S.","contributorId":98429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moses","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beavers, Rebecca","contributorId":50577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beavers","given":"Rebecca","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lavoie, Dawn","contributorId":43881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lavoie","given":"Dawn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brock, John 0000-0002-5289-9332 jbrock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5289-9332","contributorId":2261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"John","email":"jbrock@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70007351,"text":"sir20115151 - 2012 - Characterization of major-ion chemistry and nutrients in headwater streams along the Appalachian National Scenic Trail and within adjacent watersheds, Maine to Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T11:26:36","indexId":"sir20115151","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5151","title":"Characterization of major-ion chemistry and nutrients in headwater streams along the Appalachian National Scenic Trail and within adjacent watersheds, Maine to Georgia","docAbstract":"An inventory of water-quality data on field parameters, major ions, and nutrients provided a summary of water quality in headwater (first- and second-order) streams within watersheds along the Appalachian National Scenic Trail (Appalachian Trail). Data from 1,817 sampling sites in 831 catchments were used for the water-quality summary. Catchment delineations from NHDPlus were used as the fundamental geographic units for this project. Criteria used to evaluate sampling sites for inclusion were based on selected physical attributes of the catchments adjacent to the Appalachian Trail, including stream elevation, percentage of developed land cover, and percentage of agricultural land cover. The headwater streams of the Appalachian Trail are generally dilute waters, with low pH, low acid neutralizing capacity (ANC), and low concentrations of nutrients. The median pH value was slightly acidic at 6.7; the median specific conductance value was 23.6 microsiemens per centimeter, and the median ANC value was 98.7 milliequivalents per liter (&mu;eq/L). Median concentrations of cations (calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium) were each less than 1.5 milligrams per liter (mg/L), and median concentrations of anions (bicarbonate, chloride, fluoride, sulfate, and nitrate) were less than 10 mg/L. Differences in water-quality constituent levels along the Appalachian Trail may be related to elevation, atmospheric deposition, geology, and land cover. Spatial variations were summarized by ecological sections (ecosections) developed by the U.S. Forest Service. Specific conductance, pH, ANC, and concentrations of major ions (calcium, chloride, magnesium, sodium, and sulfate) were all negatively correlated with elevation. The highest elevation ecosections (White Mountains, Blue Ridge Mountains, and Allegheny Mountains) had the lowest pH, ANC, and concentrations of major ions. The lowest elevation ecosections (Lower New England and Hudson Valley) generally had the highest pH, ANC, and concentrations of major ions. The geology in discrete portions of these two ecosections was classified as containing carbonate minerals which has likely influenced the chemical character of the streamwater. Specific conductance, pH, ANC, and concentrations of major ions (calcium, chloride, magnesium, sodium, and sulfate) were all positively correlated with percentages of developed and agricultural land uses at the lower elevations of the central region of the Appalachian Trail (including the Green-Taconic-Berkshire Mountains, Lower New England, Hudson Valley, and Northern Ridge and Valley ecosections). The distinctly different chemical character of the streams in the central sections of the Appalachian Trail is likely related to the lower elevations, the presence of carbonate minerals in the geology, higher percentages of developed and agricultural land uses, and possibly the higher inputs of sulfate and nitrate from atmospheric deposition. Acid deposition of sulfate and nitrate are important influences on the acid-base chemistry of the surface waters of the Appalachian Trail. Atmospheric deposition estimates are consistently high (more than 18 kilograms per hectare (kg/ha) for sulfate, and more than 16 kg/ha for nitrate) at both the highest and lowest elevations. However, the lowest elevation (Green-Taconic-Berkshire Mountains, Lower New England, Hudson Valley, Northern Glaciated Allegheny Plateau, and Northern Ridge and Valley ecosections) included the largest spatial area of sustained high estimates of atmospheric deposition. Calcium-bicarbonate was the most frequently calculated water type in the Lower New England and Hudson Valley ecosections. In the northern and southern sections of the Appalachian Trail mix-cation water types were most prevalent and sulfate was the predominate anion. The predominance of the sulfate anion in the surface waters of the northern and southern ecosections likely reflects the influence of sulfate deposition. Although the central portion of the Appalachian Trail has the largest spatial area of high atmospheric acid deposition, the lower ionic strength waters in the northern and southern ecosections of the Appalachian Trail may have been more adversely affected by acid deposition. The low ionic strength of the streams in the White Mountains, Blue Ridge Mountains, and Allegheny Mountains ecosections makes parts of these regions susceptible to seasonal or event-driven episodic acidification, which can be detrimental to health of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Median catchment ANC values were classified into three groups - acidic, sensitive, and insensitive. The White Mountains, Blue Ridge Mountains, and Allegheny Mountains ecosections included the highest frequency of catchments classified as acidic or sensitive. More than 56 percent of the catchments from the White Mountains ecosection were classified as sensitive to acidic inputs. In the Blue Ridge ecosection, 1.6 percent of the catchments were classified as acidic, and 38.2 percent of the catchments were classified as sensitive to acidic inputs. In the Allegheny Mountains ecosection, 17.6 percent of the catchments were classified as acidic, and 29.4 percent of the catchments were classified as sensitive to acidic inputs. Median concentrations of nitrogen species were less than 0.4 mg/L, and median concentrations of total phosphorus were less than 0.02 mg/L along the Appalachian Trail. A comparison of median catchment concentrations of nutrients to estimated national background concentrations demonstrated that concentrations along the Appalachian Trail are generally lower. A comparison of median concentrations of total nitrogen and total phosphorus to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) nutrient criteria for the Eastern U.S. ecoregions showed that the concentrations of total nitrogen in the northern section of the Appalachian Trail were generally higher than the USEPA criterion. Similarly, median concentrations of total phosphorus in the southern regions of the Appalachian Trail were approximately twice as high as USEPA criteria. Sections of the Appalachian Trail are adjacent to modest amounts of agricultural and developed land areas. These nonforested land areas may be contributing to the percentage of catchments in which concentrations of total nitrogen and total phosphorus are higher than USEPA nutrient ecoregion criteria.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115151","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Argue, D.M., Pope, J.P., and Dieffenbach, F., 2012, Characterization of major-ion chemistry and nutrients in headwater streams along the Appalachian National Scenic Trail and within adjacent watersheds, Maine to Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5151, viii, 62 p.; Appendix; Downloadable Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115151.","productDescription":"viii, 62 p.; Appendix; Downloadable Appendix","costCenters":[{"id":468,"text":"New Hampshire-Vermont Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116818,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5151.gif"},{"id":115791,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5151/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"2000000","projection":"Albers Conic Projection","datum":"NAD 1983","country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Georgia, Maine, Massachusetts, Maryland, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Appalachian National Scenic Trail","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -83.671875,\n              32.509761735919426\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.08984375,\n 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jpope@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3199-993X","contributorId":2044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"Jason","email":"jpope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":37759,"text":"VA/WV Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dieffenbach, Fred","contributorId":19433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dieffenbach","given":"Fred","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70007332,"text":"ofr20111314 - 2012 - Water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data (October 2009 through September 2010) and statistical summaries of data for streams in the Clark Fork basin, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:42","indexId":"ofr20111314","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1314","title":"Water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data (October 2009 through September 2010) and statistical summaries of data for streams in the Clark Fork basin, Montana","docAbstract":"Water, bed sediment, and biota were sampled in streams from Butte to near Missoula, Montana, as part of a monitoring program in the upper Clark Fork basin. The sampling program was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to characterize aquatic resources in the Clark Fork basin of western Montana, with emphasis on trace elements associated with historic mining and smelting activities. Sampling sites were located on the Clark Fork and selected tributaries. Water samples were collected periodically at 20 sites from October 2009 through September 2010. Bed-sediment and biota samples were collected once at 13 sites during August 2010. This report presents the analytical results and quality-assurance data for water-quality, bed-sediment, and biota samples collected at sites from October 2009 through September 2010. Water-quality data include concentrations of selected major ions, trace elements, and suspended sediment. Turbidity was analyzed for water samples collected at the four sites where seasonal daily values of turbidity were being determined. Daily values of suspended-sediment concentration and suspended-sediment discharge were determined for four sites. Bed-sediment data include trace-element concentrations in the fine-grained fraction. Biological data include trace-element concentrations in whole-body tissue of aquatic benthic insects. Statistical summaries of water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data for sites in the upper Clark Fork basin are provided for the period of record since 1985.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111314","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Dodge, K.A., Hornberger, M.I., and Dyke, J., 2012, Water-quality, bed-sediment, and biological data (October 2009 through September 2010) and statistical summaries of data for streams in the Clark Fork basin, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1314, vi, 120 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111314.","productDescription":"vi, 120 p.","temporalStart":"2009-10-01","temporalEnd":"2010-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":400,"text":"Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116814,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1314.png"},{"id":115790,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1314/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1000000","datum":"North American Datum of 1927","country":"United States","state":"Montana","county":"Clark Fork Basin","city":"Butte","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.25,45.75 ], [ -114.25,47 ], [ -112,47 ], [ -112,45.75 ], [ -114.25,45.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bce5ee4b08c986b32e36e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dodge, Kent A. kdodge@usgs.gov","contributorId":1036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodge","given":"Kent","email":"kdodge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hornberger, Michelle I. 0000-0002-7787-3446 mhornber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7787-3446","contributorId":1037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornberger","given":"Michelle","email":"mhornber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dyke, Jessica jldyke@usgs.gov","contributorId":1035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dyke","given":"Jessica","email":"jldyke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":356282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70007318,"text":"ofr20121016 - 2012 - Review of rare earth element concentrations in oil shales of the Eocene Green River Formation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-09T23:21:54","indexId":"ofr20121016","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-08T11:11:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1016","title":"Review of rare earth element concentrations in oil shales of the Eocene Green River Formation","docAbstract":"Concentrations of the lanthanide series or rare earth elements and yttrium were determined for lacustrine oil shale samples from the Eocene Green River Formation in the Piceance Basin of Colorado and the Uinta Basin of Utah. Unprocessed oil shale, post-pyrolysis (spent) shale, and leached shale samples were examined to determine if oil-shale processing to generate oil or the remediation of retorted shale affects rare earth element concentrations. Results for unprocessed Green River oil shale samples were compared to data published in the literature on reference materials, such as chondritic meteorites, the North American shale composite, marine oil shale samples from two sites in northern Tibet, and mined rare earth element ores from the United States and China. The Green River oil shales had lower rare earth element concentrations (66.3 to 141.3 micrograms per gram, &mu;g g<sup>-1</sup>) than are typical of material in the upper crust (approximately 170 &mu;g g<sup>-1</sup>) and were also lower in rare earth elements relative to the North American shale composite (approximately 165 &mu;g g<sup>-1</sup>). Adjusting for dilution of rare earth elements by organic matter does not account for the total difference between the oil shales and other crustal rocks. Europium anomalies for Green River oil shales from the Piceance Basin were slightly lower than those reported for the North American shale composite and upper crust. When compared to ores currently mined for rare earth elements, the concentrations in Green River oil shales are several orders of magnitude lower. Retorting Green River oil shales led to a slight enrichment of rare earth elements due to removal of organic matter. When concentrations in spent and leached samples were normalized to an original rock basis, concentrations were comparable to those of the raw shale, indicating that rare earth elements are conserved in processed oil shales.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121016","usgsCitation":"Birdwell, J.E., 2012, Review of rare earth element concentrations in oil shales of the Eocene Green River Formation: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1016, v, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121016.","productDescription":"v, 20 p.","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116460,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1016.png"},{"id":115784,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1016/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah;Colorado;Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Green River Formation","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.25,38 ], [ -112.25,43.333333333333336 ], [ -106.25,43.333333333333336 ], [ -106.25,38 ], [ -112.25,38 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aac7ce4b0c8380cd86d57","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Birdwell, Justin E. 0000-0001-8263-1452 jbirdwell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8263-1452","contributorId":3302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Birdwell","given":"Justin","email":"jbirdwell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70007324,"text":"ds632 - 2012 - Water chemistry and electrical conductivity database for rivers in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-30T16:18:46","indexId":"ds632","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-08T10:34:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"632","title":"Water chemistry and electrical conductivity database for rivers in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming","docAbstract":"<p>Chloride flux has been used to estimate heat flow in volcanic environments since the method was developed in New Zealand by Ellis and Wilson (1955). The method can be applied effectively at Yellowstone, because nearly all of the water discharged from its thermal features enters one of four major rivers (the Madison, Yellowstone, Snake, and Falls Rivers) that drain the park, and thus integration of chloride fluxes from all these rivers provides a means to monitor the total heat flow from the entire Yellowstone volcanic system (Fournier and others, 1976; Fournier, 1979). Fournier (1989) summarized the results and longterm heat-flow trends from Yellowstone, and later efforts that applied the chloride inventory method to estimate heat flow were described by Ingebritsen and others (2001) and Friedman and Norton (2007). Most recently, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in conjunction with the National Park Service, has provided publicly accessible reports on solute flux, based on periodic sampling at selected locations (Hurwitz and others, 2007a,b). While these studies have provided a wealth of valuable data, winter travel restrictions and the great distances between sites present significant logistical challenges and have limited collection to a maximum of 28 samples per site annually.</p>\n<p>This study aims to quantify relations between solute concentrations (especially chloride) and electrical conductivity for several rivers in Yellowstone National Park (YNP), by using automated samplers and conductivity meters. Norton and Friedman (1985) found that chloride concentrations and electrical conductivity have a good correlation in the Falls, Snake, Madison, and Yellowstone Rivers. However, their results are based on limited sampling and hydrologic conditions and their relation with other solutes was not determined. Once the correlations are established, conductivity measurements can then be used as a proxy for chloride concentrations, thereby enabling continuous heat-flow estimation on a much finer timescale and at lower cost than is currently possible with direct sampling. This publication serves as a repository for all data collected during the course of the study from May 2010 through July 2011, but it does not include correlations between solutes and conductivity or recommendations for quantification of chloride through continuous electrical conductivity measurements. This will be the object of a future document.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reson, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds632","collaboration":"In cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Clor, L.E., McCleskey, R.B., Huebner, M., Lowenstern, J.B., Heasler, H.P., Mahony, D.L., Maloney, T., and Evans, W.C., 2012, Water chemistry and electrical conductivity database for rivers in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 632, Report: iv, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds632.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 6 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2010-05-01","temporalEnd":"2011-07-31","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":686,"text":"Yellowstone Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116459,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_632.gif"},{"id":115782,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/632/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.16666666666667,44.083333333333336 ], [ -111.16666666666667,45.166666666666664 ], [ -109.75,45.166666666666664 ], [ -109.75,44.083333333333336 ], [ -111.16666666666667,44.083333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc7cee4b08c986b32c630","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clor, Laura E.","contributorId":94749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clor","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCleskey, R. Blaine 0000-0002-2521-8052 rbmccles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2521-8052","contributorId":147399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCleskey","given":"R.","email":"rbmccles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Blaine","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huebner, Mark A.","contributorId":27902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huebner","given":"Mark A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lowenstern, Jacob B. 0000-0003-0464-7779 jlwnstrn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0464-7779","contributorId":2755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowenstern","given":"Jacob","email":"jlwnstrn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Heasler, Henry P.","contributorId":65935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heasler","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mahony, Dan L.","contributorId":43911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahony","given":"Dan","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Maloney, Tim","contributorId":70537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maloney","given":"Tim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Evans, William C. 0000-0001-5942-3102 wcevans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5942-3102","contributorId":2353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"William","email":"wcevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70168416,"text":"70168416 - 2012 - Spatial and temporal diet patterns of subadult and small adult striped bass in Massachusetts estuaries: Data, a synthesis, and trends across scales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-12T12:01:27","indexId":"70168416","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-07T13:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2680,"text":"Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial and temporal diet patterns of subadult and small adult striped bass in Massachusetts estuaries: Data, a synthesis, and trends across scales","docAbstract":"<p>Subadult and small adult (375&ndash;475 mm total length) striped bass <i>Morone saxatilis</i> are abundant and represent an important component of the recovered U.S. Atlantic coast stocks. However, little is known about these large aggregations of striped bass during their annual foraging migrations to New England. A quantitative understanding of trends in the diets of subadult and small adult migrants is critical to research and management. Because of the complexity of the Massachusetts coast, we were able to compare diets at multiple spatial, temporal, and taxonomic scales and evaluate which of these provided the greatest insights into the foraging patterns of this size of fish. Specifically, during spring through autumn, we quantified the diets of 797 migratory striped bass collected from 13 Massachusetts estuaries distributed among three geographic regions in two biogeographic provinces. Our data provided three useful results. First, subadult and young adult striped bass ate a season-specific mixture of fish and invertebrates. For example, more juvenile Atlantic herring <i>Clupea harengus</i> were eaten in spring than in summer or autumn, more juvenile Atlantic menhaden <i>Brevoortia tyrannus</i> were eaten in autumn than in spring or summer, amphipods were eaten primarily in the southern biogeographic province, and shrimp <i>Crangon</i> sp. were eaten in all locations and seasons. Second, examining diets by season was essential because of the temporal variability in striped bass prey. Grouping prey by fish and invertebrates revealed the potential for predictable differences in growth across geographic locations and seasons, based on the output from simple bioenergetics simulations. Third, of the three spatial scales examined, region provided the most quantitative and interpretable ecological trends. Our results demonstrate the utility of comparing multiple scales to evaluate the best way to depict diet trends in a migrating predator that seasonally uses different geographic locations.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","doi":"10.1080/19425120.2011.642747","usgsCitation":"Ferry, K., and Mather, M.E., 2012, Spatial and temporal diet patterns of subadult and small adult striped bass in Massachusetts estuaries: Data, a synthesis, and trends across scales: Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science, v. 4, no. 1, p. 30-45, https://doi.org/10.1080/19425120.2011.642747.","productDescription":"16 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,{"id":70007323,"text":"sir20115153 - 2012 - Quality of major ion and total dissolved solids data from groundwater sampled by the National Water-Quality Assessment Program, 1992&ndash;2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:43","indexId":"sir20115153","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-03T10:16:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5153","title":"Quality of major ion and total dissolved solids data from groundwater sampled by the National Water-Quality Assessment Program, 1992&ndash;2010","docAbstract":"<p>Proper interpretation of water quality requires consideration of the effects that contamination bias and sampling variability might have on measured analyte concentrations. The effect of contamination bias and sampling variability on major ion and total dissolved solids data in water samples collected in 48 of the 52 National Water-Quality Assessment Program study units from 1992&ndash;2010 is discussed in this report. Contamination bias and sampling variability can occur as a result of sample collection, processing, shipping, and analysis. Contamination bias can adversely affect interpretation of measured concentrations in comparison to standards or criteria. Sampling variability can help determine the reproducibility of an individual measurement or whether two measurements are different.</p>\n<p>Field blank samples help determine the frequency and magnitude of contamination bias, and replicate samples help determine the sampling variability (error) of measured analyte concentrations. Quality control data were evaluated for calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride, sulfate, fluoride, silica, and total dissolved solids. A 99-percent upper confidence limit is calculated from field blanks to assess the potential for contamination bias. For magnesium, potassium, chloride, sulfate, and fluoride, potential contamination in more than 95 percent of environmental samples is less than or equal to the common maximum reporting level. Contamination bias has little effect on measured concentrations greater than 4.74 mg/L (milligrams per liter) for calcium, 14.98 mg/L for silica, 4.9 mg/L for sodium, and 120 mg/L for total dissolved solids. Estimates of sampling variability are calculated for high and low ranges of concentration for major ions and total dissolved solids. Examples showing the calculation of confidence intervals and how to determine whether measured differences between two water samples are significant are presented.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115153","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Gross, E.L., Lindsey, B., and Rupert, M.G., 2012, Quality of major ion and total dissolved solids data from groundwater sampled by the National Water-Quality Assessment Program, 1992&ndash;2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5153, vi, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115153.","productDescription":"vi, 26 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"1992-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116458,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5153.png"},{"id":115781,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5153/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a90bce4b0c8380cd7fee1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gross, Eliza L. 0000-0002-8835-3382 egross@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8835-3382","contributorId":430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gross","given":"Eliza","email":"egross@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lindsey, Bruce D. 0000-0002-7180-4319 blindsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7180-4319","contributorId":434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsey","given":"Bruce D.","email":"blindsey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":356255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rupert, Michael G. mgrupert@usgs.gov","contributorId":1194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rupert","given":"Michael","email":"mgrupert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70007282,"text":"ofr20121023 - 2012 - Social values for ecosystem services (SolVES): Documentation and user manual, version 2.0","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-03T00:10:05","indexId":"ofr20121023","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1023","title":"Social values for ecosystem services (SolVES): Documentation and user manual, version 2.0","docAbstract":"In response to the need for incorporating quantified and spatially explicit measures of social values into ecosystem services assessments, the Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center (RMGSC), in collaboration with Colorado State University, developed a geographic information system (GIS) application, Social Values for Ecosystem Services (SolVES). With version 2.0 (SolVES 2.0), RMGSC has improved and extended the functionality of SolVES, which was designed to assess, map, and quantify the perceived social values of ecosystem services. Social values such as aesthetics, biodiversity, and recreation can be evaluated for various stakeholder groups as distinguished by their attitudes and preferences regarding public uses, such as motorized recreation and logging. As with the previous version, SolVES 2.0 derives a quantitative, 10-point, social-values metric, the Value Index, from a combination of spatial and nonspatial responses to public attitude and preference surveys and calculates metrics characterizing the underlying environment, such as average distance to water and dominant landcover. Additionally, SolVES 2.0 integrates Maxent maximum entropy modeling software to generate more complete social value maps and to produce robust statistical models describing the relationship between the social values maps and explanatory environmental variables. The performance of these models can be evaluated for a primary study area, as well as for similar areas where primary survey data are not available but where social value mapping could potentially be completed using value-transfer methodology. SolVES 2.0 also introduces the flexibility for users to define their own social values and public uses, model any number and type of environmental variable, and modify the spatial resolution of analysis. With these enhancements, SolVES 2.0 provides an improved public domain tool for decisionmakers and researchers to evaluate the social values of ecosystem services and to facilitate discussions among diverse stakeholders regarding the tradeoffs among different ecosystem services in a variety of physical and social contexts ranging from forest and rangeland to coastal and marine.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121023","collaboration":"Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program, in collaboration with Colorado State University","usgsCitation":"Sherrouse, B.C., and Semmens, D.J., 2012, Social values for ecosystem services (SolVES): Documentation and user manual, version 2.0: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1023, vi, 55 p.; Downloadable GIS - SolVES 2.0, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121023.","productDescription":"vi, 55 p.; Downloadable GIS - SolVES 2.0","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":547,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116812,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1023.png"},{"id":115764,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1023/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b91c7e4b08c986b319acb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sherrouse, Benson C.","contributorId":37831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrouse","given":"Benson","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Semmens, Darius J. 0000-0001-7924-6529 dsemmens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7924-6529","contributorId":1714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Semmens","given":"Darius","email":"dsemmens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70007288,"text":"ofr20111280 - 2012 - Preliminary assessment of channel stability and bed-material transport in the Rogue River basin, southwestern Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-25T10:21:52","indexId":"ofr20111280","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1280","title":"Preliminary assessment of channel stability and bed-material transport in the Rogue River basin, southwestern Oregon","docAbstract":"<p>This report summarizes a preliminary assessment of bed-material transport, vertical and lateral channel changes, and existing datasets for the Rogue River basin, which encompasses 13,390 square kilometers (km<sup>2</sup>) along the southwestern Oregon coast. This study, conducted to inform permitting decisions regarding instream gravel mining, revealed that:</p><ul><li>The Rogue River in its lowermost 178.5 kilometers (km) alternates between confined and unconfined segments, and is predominately alluvial along its lowermost 44 km. The study area on the mainstem Rogue River can be divided into five reaches based on topography, hydrology, and tidal influence. The largely confined, active channel flows over bedrock and coarse bed material composed chiefly of boulders and cobbles in the Grants Pass (river kilometers [RKM] 178.5–152.8), Merlin (RKM 152.8–132.7), and Galice Reaches (RKM 132.7–43.9). Within these confined reaches, the channel contains few bars and has stable planforms except for locally wider segments such as the Brushy Chutes area in the Merlin Reach. Conversely, the active channel flows over predominately alluvial material and contains nearly continuous gravel bars in the Lobster Creek Reach (RKM 43.9–6.7). The channel in the Tidal Reach (RKM 6.7–0) is also alluvial, but tidally affected and unconfined until RKM 2. The Lobster Creek and Tidal Reaches contain some of the most extensive bar deposits within the Rogue River study area.</li><li>For the 56.6-km-long segment of the Applegate River included in this study, the river was divided into two reaches based on topography. In the Upper Applegate River Reach (RKM 56.6–41.6), the confined, active channel flows over alluvium and bedrock and has few bars. In the Lower Applegate River Reach (RKM 41.6–0), the active channel alternates between confined and unconfined segments, flows predominantly over alluvium, shifts laterally in unconfined sections, and contains more numerous and larger bars.</li><li>The 6.5-km segment of the lower Illinois River included in this study was treated as one reach. This stretch of the Illinois River is fully alluvial, with nearly continuous gravel bars flanking the channel. The width of the active channel is confined by the narrow topography of the valley.</li><li>The primary human activities that have likely influenced channel condition, bed-material transport, and the extent and area of bars are (1) historical gold mining throughout the basin, (2) historical and ongoing gravel mining from instream sites in the Tidal Reach and floodplain sites such as those in the Lower Applegate River Reach, (3) hydropower and flow control structures, (4) forest management and fires throughout the basin, and (5) dredging. These anthropogenic activities likely have varying effects on channel condition and the transport and deposition of sediment throughout the study area and over time.</li><li>Several vertical (aspect) aerial photographs (including the complete coverages of the study area taken in 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2009 and the partial coverages taken in 1967, 1968, 1969, and 1990) are available for assessing long-term changes in attributes such as channel condition, bar area, and vegetation cover. A Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) survey performed in 2007–2008 provides 1-m resolution topographic data for sections of the Grants Pass (RKM 178.5–167.6) and Lobster Creek (RKM 17.8–12 and 10–6.7) Reaches and the entire Tidal Reach.</li><li>Previous studies provide information for specific locations, including (1) an estimated average annual bed-material load of 76,000 m<sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>at the former Savage Rapids Dam site (RKM 173.1, Grants Pass Reach), (2) over 490 m of channel shifting from 1965 to 1991 in the Brushy Chutes area (RKM 142–141, Merlin Reach), (3) active sediment transport and channel processes in the Lobster Creek Reach, (4) lateral channel migration in the Tidal Reach, and (5) up to 1.8 m of bar aggradation from the town of Agness (RKM 45.1) to the Rogue River mouth following the flood in water year 1997.</li><li>Review of the repeat surveys conducted at the instream gravel-mining sites on Elephant and Wedderburn Bars tentatively indicated that these bars (1) experience some bed-material deposition in most years and more substantial deposition following high flows such as those in water years 1997 and 2006, and (2) are dynamic and subject to local scour and deposition.</li><li>Results from the specific gage analyses completed for five long-term USGS streamflow-gaging stations showed that only the Grants Pass station on the Rogue River (RKM 164.4, Grants Pass Reach) experienced substantial changes in the stage–discharge relationship across a range of flows from 1938 to 2009. Observed changes indicate channel incision at this site.</li><li>The Rogue and Applegate Rivers are dynamic and subject to channel shifting, aggradation, and incision, as indicated by channel cross sections surveyed during 2000–2010 on the Rogue River and 1933–2010 on the Applegate River. The elevation of the riverbed changed substantially (defined here as more than a net 0.5 m of incision or aggradation) at three locations on the Rogue River (near RKM 164.5, 139.2, and 1.3) and two on the Applegate River (near RKM 42 and 13.5).</li><li>Systematic delineation of bar features from vertical photographs taken in 1967–69, 2005, and 2009 indicated that most of the repeat mapping sites had a net loss in bar area over the analysis period, ranging from 22 percent at the Oak Flat site (Illinois River Reach) to 69 percent at the Thompson Creek site (Upper Applegate River Reach). Bar area remained stable at the Williams Creek site (Lower Applegate River Reach), but increased 11 percent at the Elephant Rock site (Tidal Reach). The declines in bar area were associated primarily with the establishment of vegetation on upper bar surfaces lacking obvious vegetation in the 1960s. Some of the apparent changes in bar area may also owe to some differences in streamflow and tide levels between the vertical photographs.</li><li>On the mainstem Rogue River, the median diameter of surface particles varied from 21 mm at the Wedderburn Bar in the Tidal Reach to more than 100 millimeters (mm) at some of the coarsest bars in the Galice Reach. Low armoring ratios tentatively indicated that sediment supply likely exceeds transport capacity at Orchard (Lobster Creek Reach) and Wedderburn (Tidal Reach) Bars. Conversely, relatively higher armoring ratios indicated that transport capacity likely is in balance with sediment supply at Roberston Bridge Bar (Merlin Reach) and exceeds sediment supply at Rogue River City (Grants Pass Reach), Solitude Riffle (Galice Reach), and Hooks Gulch (Galice Reach) Bars.</li><li>Limited particle data were collected in the study areas on the Applegate and Illinois Rivers. Particle size measurements and armoring ratios tentatively show that sediment supply likely exceeds transport capacity at Bakery Bar in the Lower Applegate Reach. Also, the bed material exiting the Applegate River is likely finer than the bed material in the Rogue River, whereas bed material exiting the Illinois River is likely coarser than the bed material in the Rogue River.</li><li>Together, these observations and findings indicate that (1) the size, area, and overall position of bars in the Rogue River study area are determined largely by valley physiography, such that unconfined alluvial sections have large channel-flanking bars, whereas confined sections have fewer and smaller bars, (2) segments within the Grants Pass, Merlin, Tidal, Upper Applegate River, and Lower Applegate River Reaches are prone to vertical and/or lateral channel adjustments, and (3) the balance between transport capacity and sediment supply varies throughout the study area.</li><li>High winter flows and the steep, confined character of much of the Rogue River within the study area result in a river corridor with a high capacity to transport bed material. In the Grants Pass and Galice Reaches, the extensive in-channel bedrock as well as the sparse number and coarse texture of bars indicate that these reaches are likely supply-limited, meaning that the river’s transport capacity exceeds the supply of bed material. In contrast, the Lobster Creek and Tidal Reaches and perhaps portions of the Merlin Reach receive bed-material inputs that more closely balance or even exceed the river’s transport capacity.</li><li>The lowermost reaches on the Illinois and Applegate Rivers are fully alluvial segments that are likely transport limited, meaning sediment supply likely exceeds the river's transport capacity. However, the steeper Upper Applegate River Reach is likely supply-limited as indicated by the sparse number and area of bars mapped in this reach and the intermittent bedrock outcrops in the channel. The sediment loads derived from these large tributaries draining the Klamath Mountains are probably important contributions to the overall transport of bed material in the Rogue River basin.</li><li>Compared to the slightly smaller Umpqua River basin (drainage area 12,103 km<sup>2</sup>) to the north, the Rogue River (13,390 km<sup>2</sup>) likely transports more bed material. Although this conclusion of greater bed-material transport in the Rogue River is tentative in the absence of either actual transport measurements or transport capacity calculations, empirical evidence, including the much greater area and frequency of bars along most of the Rogue River as well as the much shorter tidal reach on the Rogue River (6.7 km) compared to the Umpqua River (40 km) supports this inference.</li><li>More detailed investigations of bed-material transport rates and channel morphology would support assessments of channel condition, longitudinal trends in particle size, the relation between sediment supply and transport capacity, and the potential causes of bar area loss (such as vegetation establishment and potential changes in peak flow patterns). The reaches most practical for such assessments and relevant to several management and ecological issues are (1) the lower Rogue River basin, including the Lobster Creek and Tidal Reaches of the Rogue River as well as the Illinois River Reach and (2) the Lower Applegate River Reach.</li></ul>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111280","usgsCitation":"Jones, K.L., O'Connor, J., Keith, M., Mangano, J.F., and Wallick, J., 2012, Preliminary assessment of channel stability and bed-material transport in the Rogue River basin, southwestern Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1280, viii, 96 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111280.","productDescription":"viii, 96 p.","numberOfPages":"107","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116813,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1280.jpg"},{"id":115765,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1280/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"UTM, Zone 10N","datum":"North American Datum 1983","country":"United States","state":"Oregon","county":"Jackson county, Josephine county","otherGeospatial":"Rogue River Basin, Applegate River, llinois River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.75,42 ], [ -124.75,43.25 ], [ -122,43.25 ], [ -122,42 ], [ -124.75,42 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a82e5e4b0c8380cd7bcd7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Krista L. 0000-0002-0301-4497 kljones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0301-4497","contributorId":4550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Krista","email":"kljones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O'Connor, Jim E. 0000-0002-7928-5883 oconnor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7928-5883","contributorId":140771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Connor","given":"Jim E.","email":"oconnor@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":356242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keith, Mackenzie K.","contributorId":16560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keith","given":"Mackenzie K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mangano, Joseph F. 0000-0003-4213-8406 jmangano@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4213-8406","contributorId":4722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mangano","given":"Joseph","email":"jmangano@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wallick, J. Rose 0000-0002-9392-272X rosewall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9392-272X","contributorId":3583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallick","given":"J. Rose","email":"rosewall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
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