Veins carrying manganese silicates largely in the form of the manganese garnet, spessartite, occur in the crystalline schists and gneisses of Carroll and Grayson Counties, Virginia, in the southern parts of the Galax and Independence quadrangles just north of the North Carolina State line. This brief paper includes a discussion of these manganese-bearing veins which are described in a report on the Geology and Mineral resources of the Great Gossan Lead district prepared by G. W. Stose and the writer for publication by the Virginia Geological Survey
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologist","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.37.5.408","usgsCitation":"Jonas, A., 1942, Manganese-bearing veins in southwestern Virginia: Economic Geology, v. 37, no. 5, p. 408-423, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.37.5.408.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"408","endPage":"423","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":378220,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Blue Ridge Plateau","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.57623291015625,\n 36.55598153635691\n ],\n [\n -80.81817626953125,\n 36.55598153635691\n ],\n [\n -80.81817626953125,\n 36.767492156196745\n ],\n [\n -81.57623291015625,\n 36.767492156196745\n ],\n [\n -81.57623291015625,\n 36.55598153635691\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"37","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1942-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jonas, Anna I.","contributorId":73466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jonas","given":"Anna I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":798095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70207285,"text":"70207285 - 1942 - Deep‐seated solution in the Meade basin and vicinity, Kansas and Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-16T06:30:25","indexId":"70207285","displayToPublicDate":"1942-08-31T06:24:19","publicationYear":"1942","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deep‐seated solution in the Meade basin and vicinity, Kansas and Oklahoma","docAbstract":"During the closing years of the 19th century, Haworth [see 1 and 2 of “References” at end of paper] and Johnson [3] noted the abundant depressions resembling sink‐holes in the Southern High Plains, especially in Meade and Clark counties, Kansas, and Beaver County, Oklahoma. Johnson was of the opinion that all the depressions and basins in this region were due to solution, whereas Haworth [1] believed the Meade artesian basin to be structural, although he held to a solutional origin for the Ashland and Englewood basins, which are a few miles to the east. ©1942. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR023i001p00035","issn":"00028606","usgsCitation":"Frye, K., and Schoff, S., 1942, Deep‐seated solution in the Meade basin and vicinity, Kansas and Oklahoma: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 23, no. 1, p. 35-39, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR023i001p00035.","productDescription":"5 p. ","startPage":"35","endPage":"39","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":370292,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States ","state":"Kansas, Oklahoma ","county":"Meade, Clark, Beaver","otherGeospatial":"Meade basin ","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-99.5557,37.4689],[-99.5551,37.3832],[-99.5435,37.3828],[-99.5399,36.9998],[-100.0009,36.9985],[-100.0024,36.9985],[-100.004,36.8538],[-100.0044,36.76],[-100.0045,36.5917],[-100.0044,36.5849],[-100.0038,36.4998],[-100.1458,36.4998],[-100.3204,36.4999],[-100.5459,36.4994],[-100.7022,36.5],[-100.8939,36.4998],[-100.9524,36.4998],[-100.9534,36.8476],[-100.9448,36.8478],[-100.9441,36.9988],[-100.6337,36.9986],[-100.635,37.3881],[-100.6518,37.3878],[-100.652,37.4757],[-100.217,37.4758],[-100.1068,37.4751],[-99.5557,37.4689]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Clark\",\"state\":\"KS\"}}]}","volume":"23","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frye, K.C.","contributorId":221248,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Frye","given":"K.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schoff, S.L.","contributorId":107365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoff","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5220348,"text":"5220348 - 1942 - Protein requirements of bobwhite chicks for survival, growth and efficiency of feed utilization","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-08T16:02:13.818155","indexId":"5220348","displayToPublicDate":"1942-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1942","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Protein requirements of bobwhite chicks for survival, growth and efficiency of feed utilization","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3795900","usgsCitation":"Nestler, R.B., Bailey, W.W., and McClure, H.E., 1942, Protein requirements of bobwhite chicks for survival, growth and efficiency of feed utilization: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 6, no. 3, p. 185-193, https://doi.org/10.2307/3795900.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"185","endPage":"193","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193379,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Patuxent Research Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.81358975766166,\n 39.0799855368318\n ],\n [\n -76.81358975766166,\n 39.02588241965043\n ],\n [\n -76.75620928818147,\n 39.02588241965043\n ],\n [\n -76.75620928818147,\n 39.0799855368318\n ],\n [\n -76.81358975766166,\n 39.0799855368318\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672a21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nestler, R. 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1942 - Abstract of fur laws, 1942-43","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-18T16:22:40","indexId":"37971","displayToPublicDate":"1942-01-01T16:21:31","publicationYear":"1942","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":98,"text":"Wildlife Leaflet","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"226","title":"Abstract of fur laws, 1942-43","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"United States Dept. of the Interior","publisherLocation":"Chicago, IL","collaboration":"Compiled in the Section of Fur Resources, Division of Wildlife Research.","usgsCitation":"U.S. Division Of Wildlife Research, 1942, Abstract of fur laws, 1942-43 (Revises Wildlife Leaflet BS-118 (1938).): Wildlife Leaflet 226, 43 p.","productDescription":"43 p.","numberOfPages":"43","temporalStart":"1942-01-01","temporalEnd":"1943-12-31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290499,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Revises Wildlife Leaflet BS-118 (1938).","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4ae8e4b0b290850f00e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Division Of Wildlife Research","contributorId":128226,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Division Of Wildlife Research","id":529787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":37970,"text":"37970 - 1942 - The status of migratory game birds: 1941-42","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-18T16:17:45","indexId":"37970","displayToPublicDate":"1942-01-01T16:17:07","publicationYear":"1942","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":98,"text":"Wildlife Leaflet","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"225","title":"The status of migratory game birds: 1941-42","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Department","usgsCitation":"U.S. Division Of Wildlife Research, 1942, The status of migratory game birds: 1941-42: Wildlife Leaflet 225, 9 p.","productDescription":"9 p.","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290497,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd78a1e4b0b2908510c489","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Division Of Wildlife Research","contributorId":128226,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Division Of Wildlife Research","id":529786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":37968,"text":"37968 - 1942 - Natural plantings for attracting waterfowl to marsh and other water areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-18T15:49:39","indexId":"37968","displayToPublicDate":"1942-01-01T15:49:02","publicationYear":"1942","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":98,"text":"Wildlife Leaflet","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"223","title":"Natural plantings for attracting waterfowl to marsh and other water areas","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"United States Dept. of the Interior","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","collaboration":"Prepared in the Division of Wildlife Research.","usgsCitation":"U.S. Division Of Wildlife Research, 1942, Natural plantings for attracting waterfowl to marsh and other water areas (Revises and updates Wildlife Leaflet BS-125 (1939).): Wildlife Leaflet 223, 4 p.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290490,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Revises and updates Wildlife Leaflet BS-125 (1939).","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd68b6e4b0b2908510239b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Division Of Wildlife Research","contributorId":128226,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Division Of Wildlife Research","id":529785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":37967,"text":"37967 - 1942 - Laboratory procedure in wildlife food studies.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-18T14:59:00","indexId":"37967","displayToPublicDate":"1942-01-01T14:57:38","publicationYear":"1942","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":98,"text":"Wildlife Leaflet","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"222","title":"Laboratory procedure in wildlife food studies.","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"United States Dept. of the Interior","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","collaboration":"Prepared in the Division of Wildlife Research.","usgsCitation":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1942, Laboratory procedure in wildlife food studies.: Wildlife Leaflet 222, 11 p.","productDescription":"11 p.","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290483,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd638ae4b0b290850fedbd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","contributorId":128143,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","id":529784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":35877,"text":"b917 - 1942 - Mineral resources of Alaska: report on progress of investigations in 1938","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":35881,"text":"b917C - 1941 - Past lode-gold production from Alaska","indexId":"b917C","publicationYear":"1941","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"Past lode-gold production from Alaska"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":35877,"text":"b917 - 1942 - Mineral resources of Alaska: report on progress of investigations in 1938","indexId":"b917","publicationYear":"1942","noYear":false,"title":"Mineral resources of Alaska: report on progress of investigations in 1938"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":45267,"text":"b917A - 1939 - Mineral resources of Alaska, report on progress of investigations in 1938. Mineral industry of Alaska in 1938","indexId":"b917A","publicationYear":"1939","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Mineral resources of Alaska, report on progress of investigations in 1938. Mineral industry of Alaska in 1938"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":35877,"text":"b917 - 1942 - Mineral resources of Alaska: report on progress of investigations in 1938","indexId":"b917","publicationYear":"1942","noYear":false,"title":"Mineral resources of Alaska: report on progress of investigations in 1938"},"id":2},{"subject":{"id":45268,"text":"b917B - 1941 - Geology of the upper Tetling River district, Alaska","indexId":"b917B","publicationYear":"1941","noYear":false,"chapter":"B","title":"Geology of the upper Tetling River district, Alaska"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":35877,"text":"b917 - 1942 - Mineral resources of Alaska: report on progress of investigations in 1938","indexId":"b917","publicationYear":"1942","noYear":false,"title":"Mineral resources of Alaska: report on progress of investigations in 1938"},"id":3},{"subject":{"id":45269,"text":"b917D - 1942 - Tertiary deposits of the Eagle-Circle district, Alaska","indexId":"b917D","publicationYear":"1942","noYear":false,"chapter":"D","title":"Tertiary deposits of the Eagle-Circle district, Alaska"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":35877,"text":"b917 - 1942 - Mineral resources of Alaska: report on progress of investigations in 1938","indexId":"b917","publicationYear":"1942","noYear":false,"title":"Mineral resources of Alaska: report on progress of investigations in 1938"},"id":4}],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-08T13:16:29","indexId":"b917","displayToPublicDate":"1942-01-01T13:37:00","publicationYear":"1942","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"917","title":"Mineral resources of Alaska: report on progress of investigations in 1938","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/b917","usgsCitation":"Smith, P.S., Moffit, F., and Mertie, J.B., 1942, Mineral resources of Alaska: report on progress of investigations in 1938: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 917, 264 p.; 2 Maps, https://doi.org/10.3133/b917.","productDescription":"264 p.; 2 Maps","temporalStart":"1938-01-01","temporalEnd":"1938-12-31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":344662,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/917/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":289937,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/917/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.44,51.21 ], [ 172.44,71.39 ], [ -129.99,71.39 ], [ -129.99,51.21 ], [ 172.44,51.21 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53c4fc3ce4b0b58d96eeb5d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Philip S.","contributorId":22690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":215369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moffit, Fred H.","contributorId":61878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moffit","given":"Fred H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":215370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mertie, John B. Jr.","contributorId":65097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mertie","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":215371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70006575,"text":"70006575 - 1942 - The Great Lakes whitefish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-01T13:21:07","indexId":"70006575","displayToPublicDate":"1942-01-01T13:18:36","publicationYear":"1942","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The Great Lakes whitefish","docAbstract":"In every one of the Great Lakes- Ontario, Erie, Huron, Michigan, and Superior- the most valuable fishes are declining, and there is no evidence that this trend will be reversed. Under existing conditions of a diversity of regulations that vary between states and between the two countries, and with the present methods of fishing, the Great Lakes fisheries are doomed. This chapter deals with the common whitefish, a valuable species which many believe to be the next that will go unless positive action is forthcoming soon.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fading trails: The story of endangered American wildlife","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"MacMillan Co.","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","usgsCitation":"Van Oosten, J., 1942, The Great Lakes whitefish, chap. of Fading trails: The story of endangered American wildlife, p. 216-222.","productDescription":"p. 216-222","startPage":"216","endPage":"222","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289328,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada;United States","otherGeospatial":"The Great Lakes","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.11,41.4 ], [ -92.11,48.85 ], [ -76.3,48.85 ], [ -76.3,41.4 ], [ -92.11,41.4 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b3d872e4b07c5f79a7f361","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Elliot, Charles","contributorId":112355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliot","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508354,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Van Oosten, John","contributorId":23479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Oosten","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70268042,"text":"70268042 - 1942 - The volcano letter: A weekly news leaflet of the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association - 1942","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70268042,"text":"70268042 - 1942 - The volcano letter: A weekly news leaflet of the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association - 1942","indexId":"70268042","publicationYear":"1942","noYear":false,"title":"The volcano letter: A weekly news leaflet of the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association - 1942"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70246900,"text":"70246900 - 1925 - The volcano letter: A weekly news leaflet of the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association","indexId":"70246900","publicationYear":"1925","noYear":false,"title":"The volcano letter: A weekly news leaflet of the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70246900,"text":"70246900 - 1925 - The volcano letter: A weekly news leaflet of the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association","indexId":"70246900","publicationYear":"1925","noYear":false,"title":"The volcano letter: A weekly news leaflet of the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association"},"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-20T15:49:51.787934","indexId":"70268042","displayToPublicDate":"1942-01-01T12:21:25","publicationYear":"1942","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"title":"The volcano letter: A weekly news leaflet of the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association - 1942","docAbstract":"The Volcano Letter was an informal publication issued at irregular intervals by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) during the years 1925 to 1955. Individual issues contain information on volcanic activity, volcano research, and volcano monitoring in Hawaii. Information on volcanic activity at other locations is also occasionally included.
The Volcano Letter was published by HVO through multiple changes in administration, including the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association (1925 to 1932), the U.S. Geological Survey (1932 to 1935), the Department of the Interior (1935 to 1938), and the University of Hawai‘i (1938 to 1955). Issues 1-262 were published weekly from January 1, 1925, to January 2, 1930, and consisted of a single page of text. Issues 263-384, also published weekly, from January 9, 1930, to May 5, 1932, were generally longer—four pages— and provided more detail on volcanic activity, including photographs, maps, and plots. Weekly issues 385-387, published May 12-26, 1932, were a single page of text due to budget reductions brought on by the Great Depression. Budget restrictions reduced the publishing frequency to monthly for issues 388-428, covering the period of June 1932 to October 1935; these issues were generally shorter, 1-2 pages, and sometimes featured figures. From November 1935 to July 1938, issues 429-461 remained monthly but increased in length (generally eight pages) and featured figures frequently. Issues 462-530, published over the period of August 1938 to December 1955, varied in length from 2-15 pages, but were published quarterly, rather than monthly.
Six of the Volcano Letters are misnumbered:
Jan. 21, 1926 number is 55 though it should 56
July 29, 1926 number is 82 though it should be 83
Feb. 16, 1928 number is 161 though it should be 164
May 31, 1928 number is 197 though it should be 179
Nov. 29, 1928 number is 204 though it should be 205
Maui, the second largest island in the Hawaiian group, is 48 miles long, 26 miles wide, and covers 728 square miles. The principal town is Wailuku. Sugar cane and pineapples are the principal crops. Water is used chiefly for irrigating cane. The purpose of the investigation was to study the geology and the ground-water resources of the island.
Maui was built by two volcanoes. East Maui or Haleakala Volcano is 10,025 feet high and famous for its so-called crater, which is a section of Hawaii National Park. Evidence is given to show that it is the head of two amphitheater-headed valleys in which numerous secondary eruptions have occurred and that it is not a crater, caldera, or eroded caldera. West Maui is a deeply dissected volcano 5,788 feet high. The flat Isthmus connecting the two volcanoes was made by lavas from East Maui banking against the West Maui Mountains. Plate 1 shows the geology, wells, springs, and water-development tunnels. Plate 2 is a map and description of points of geologic interest along the main highways. Volcanic terms used in the report are briefly defined. A synopsis of the climate is included and a record of the annual rainfall at all stations is given also. Puu Kukui, on West Maui, has an average annual rainfall of 389 inches and it lies just six miles from Olowalu where only 2 inches of rain fell in 1928, the lowest ever recorded in the Hawaiian Islands. The second rainiest place in the Territory is Kuhiwa Gulch on East Maui where 523 inches fell during 1937. Rainfall averages 2,360 million gallons daily on East Maui and 580 on West Maui. Ground water at the point of use in months of low rainfall is worth about $120 per million gallons, which makes most undeveloped supplies valuable.
The oldest rocks on East Maui are the very permeable primitive Honomanu basalts, which were extruded probably in Pliocene and early Pleistocene time from three rift zones. These rocks form a dome about 8,000 feet high and extend an unknown distance below sea level. Covering this dome are the Kula volcanics, extruded probably in early and middle Pleistocene time, and characterized by andesites, andesitic basalts, and picritic basalts. They are 2.000 feet thick on the summit and 50 to 200 feet thick at the periphery. They contain a sufficient number of interbedded soils, thin vitric tuff beds, and lava-filled valleys in their upper part to give rise to valuable perched springs in wet areas. The Kula lavas accumulated during a waning volcanic phase which was followed by a quiescence long enough for the erosion of deep amphitheater-headed valleys in the east or wet half of the mountain. Volcanic activity was renewed in middle (?) to late Pleistocene time and continued until Recent time, during which the Hana volcanic series was laid down. The last lava flow was erupted about 1750. The Hana lavas comprise andesitic, picritic, and olivine basalts. They veneered large areas of the east and south slopes, partly filled the deep amphitheater-headed valleys, and deeply buried the smaller valleys in the eastern half of the mountain. The Hana rocks are exceedingly permeable and much rain sinks into them.
The oldest rocks on West Maui are the very permeable primitive Wailuku basalts, which were extruded probably in Pliocene and early Pleistocene time from two rifts and from many radial fissures. The basalts form a dome about 5,600 feet high and extend an unknown distance below sea level. Iao Valley is the eroded caldera of this dome. Forming an incomplete veneer over the dome are the Honolua soda trachytes and oligoclase andesites. They were extruded in late Pliocene (?) or early Pleistocene time, chiefly from bulbous domes. The clinker beds carry some water but the rocks are generally too dense to be good aquifers. During early (?) Pleistocene the West Maui volcano was cut by deep amphitheater-headed valleys and then all of Maui was deeply submerged.
Four scattered eruptions occurred on West Maui in middle (?) and late Pleistocene time. The cones and lavas cover only small areas and are called the Lahaina volcanic series.
The sedimentary rocks of both East and West Maui are chiefly late Quaternary and comprise fans, landslide debris, delta deposits, and valley fills, mostly of poorly permeable and poorly assorted bouldery alluvium. They are overlain on the Isthmus by extensive calcareous dunes of three ages. A mud flow more than 300 feet thick is exposed in Kaupo Valley. During the fluctuations of the ocean in the Pleistocene, the island was emerged and submerged several times. Calcareous fossiliferous marine conglomerates deposited during this period are found up to an altitude of 250 feet on West Maui.
The Homomanu, Wailuku, and Kula lavas are the chief aquifers. They supply 28 irrigation wells which yield an average of 170 million gallons a day of basal water. These wells are mine-like shafts with infiltration tunnels and are called Maui-type wells. Well 16 yields 40,000,000 gallons daily with a 22-foot drawdown, which is the largest amount yielded by any well in the Hawaiian Islands. The largest spring (no. 26) on the island is artesian. It yields 10,400,000 gallons daily and issues from Kula lavas near Nahiku. West Maui has numerous perennial streams supplied by springs from a dike complex. Twenty-three tunnels in West Maui recover 20.5 million gallons a day of high-level water, mostly from this dike complex. East Maui has few perennial streams in proportion to its size, and they are chiefly small due to the water sheds being underlain with permeable lavas. Forty tunnels recover 6 million gallons a day of high-level water in East Maui and all from structures other than dikes.
It is estimated that about 100 million gallons a day of basal water wastes into the sea from West Maui and about 700 million gallons a day from East Maui. A number of sites are described where wells could be sunk to recover this water. Sites are also described where tunnels could be driven to recover high-level supplies. The hydrology of East and West Maui is conspicuously different in many respects, mainly because of the difference in the stage of dissection, the extensive veneer of very permeable Hann lavas on East Maui, and the comparatively small area of the Lahaina lavas of similar age on West Maui. The only thermal water known in the Hawaiian Islands, except on the active volcano of Kilauea, is in a well in West Maui.
The Nahiku area has been mapped and studied in detail. The upper part of the Honomanu volcanic series, exposed in the sea cliffs, in petrographic character is transitional into the overlying Kula lavas, Kula and Hana time were characterized by a long succession of valley-cutting episodes, each valley being filled by lava erupted from the east rift zone. The lavas include olivine basalts, picritic basalts, and basaltic andesites,
In the Nahiku area basal ground water occurs largely in the Honomanu basalts. Perched water occurs in many of the later lavas, generally following the axes of buried valleys. The members which perch the water are mostly ashy soil beds, although an unusually extensive, thick layer of much decomposed clinker also appears to be a supporting member. Most of the water travels through the basal clinker members of aa lavas. Artesian water is encountered in the upper, transitional part of the Honomanu volcanic series. The aquifer is permeable porphyritic pahoehoe; the confining members are relatively impermeable nonporphyritic aa.
The lavas of East Maui are described according to stratigraphic groups. The oldest or Honomanu lavas are olivine basalts like the primitive lavas in other Hawaiian volcanoes. The later or Kula and Hana lavas include basalts, basaltic andesites, andesites, and picritic basalts. The normative nepheline of analyzed East Maui lavas has not been identified in the mode. The degree of differentiation is inversely proportional to the frequency of eruptions.
The lavas of West Maui volcano are divided into the Wailuku volcanic series, consisting largely of olivine basalts with less abundant olivine-poor basalts, hypersthene basalts, and picritic basalts; the Honolua volcanic series, consisting of oligoclase andesites and soda trachytes; and the Lahaina volcanic series, consisting of nepheline basanite and picritic basalts. Coarse-grained gabbros intrude the Wailuku lavas. Differentiation was undoubtedly partly by crystal settling, but the alkali curves of the variation diagram suggest that volatile transfer was of some importance.
No abstract available.
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Great Lakes Fisheries","docAbstract":"In August, 1942, the International Board of Inquiry for the Great Lakes Fisheries submitted its report to the governments of the United States and States and Canada. The report, which culminated a two-year investigation, recommended a common or joint agency of control for the fisheries through an international treaty.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"State Government","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"Out-of-print","usgsCitation":"Van Oosten, J., 1942, The Great Lakes fisheries: A review of the report of the International Board of Inquiry for the Great Lakes Fisheries: State Government, v. 15, no. 11, p. 211-212, 219.","productDescription":"p. 211-212, 219-220","startPage":"211","endPage":"212, 219","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129288,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fb036","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Oosten, John","contributorId":23479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Oosten","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70010996,"text":"70010996 - 1942 - Determination of ash in coals unusually high in calcite and pyrite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-02T17:01:34.588947","indexId":"70010996","displayToPublicDate":"1942-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1942","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1986,"text":"Industrial and Engineering Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of ash in coals unusually high in calcite and pyrite","docAbstract":"The preliminary hearth heating method (A and E) gave results within the A. S. T. M. tolerances for all duplicates obtained in the same laboratory. Checks between different laboratories within A. S. T. M. tolerances were obtained for coals containing up to about 3.6 per cent mineral carbon dioxide, but these ashes contained larger amounts of retained sulfur. The determination of ash by the cold furnace method (B and F) gave duplicate results within A. S. T. M. tolerances for all samples in the U. S. Bureau of Mines laboratory and for samples up to about 1.6 per cent mineral carbon dioxide content in the Illinois Geological Survey laboratory. Checks between average values from the two laboratories were within A. S. T. M. tolerances for all samples.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/i560103a006","issn":"00964484","usgsCitation":"Rees, O., and Selvig, W., 1942, Determination of ash in coals unusually high in calcite and pyrite: Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, v. 14, no. 3, p. 209-212, https://doi.org/10.1021/i560103a006.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"209","endPage":"212","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221499,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff94e4b0c8380cd4f285","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rees, O.W.","contributorId":65987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rees","given":"O.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Selvig, W.A.","contributorId":60380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selvig","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011059,"text":"70011059 - 1942 - Use of phosphate for separation of cobalt from iron","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-02T17:02:58.935806","indexId":"70011059","displayToPublicDate":"1942-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1942","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1986,"text":"Industrial and Engineering Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of phosphate for separation of cobalt from iron","docAbstract":"The well-known tendency of cobalt to be retained by the iron-alumina precipitate produced by ammonia has generally been ascribed to a specific adsorption by the large surface of this gelatinous precipitate. Whatever its cause, it can be overcome by precipitating the iron as phosphate at a pH of 3.5. The precipitate is easily filterable and practically all the cobalt passes into the filtrate.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/i560111a012","issn":"00964484","usgsCitation":"North, V., and Wells, R.C., 1942, Use of phosphate for separation of cobalt from iron: Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, v. 14, no. 11, p. 859-860, https://doi.org/10.1021/i560111a012.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"859","endPage":"860","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220956,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf57e4b08c986b329ad8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"North, V.","contributorId":10927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"North","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wells, R. C.","contributorId":101300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70174092,"text":"70174092 - 1942 - Summaries of yearly and flood flow relating to Iowa streams 1873-1940","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-30T19:26:37.06005","indexId":"70174092","displayToPublicDate":"1942-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1942","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":148,"text":"Water Supply Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"1","title":"Summaries of yearly and flood flow relating to Iowa streams 1873-1940","docAbstract":"As a result of the need for basic data and the lack of a current and convenient summary concerning the surface-water resources of Iowa, a synoptic inventory has been prepared as a part of the present State-wide program which is made possible by State and Federal cooperative action. These hydrologic data are assembled in abbreviated form for the convenient* of the public and in order that a current State report containing stream-flow records under one cover will be more readily accessible for Iowa.
This inventory is here presented in the form of a brief compilation report which summarizes results of stream-flow measurements relating to Iowa streams through out the years during which local. State and Federal agencies have cooperated in Iowa with the water resources branch of the United States Geological Survey.
The principal basic data consist of concise summaries for gaging stations in Iowa and certain relevant locations adjacent thereto for which records for five or more complete years have been collected. These summaries include a comprehensive description and history of each station followed by a table giving in convenient form and for general use the figures of maximum and minimum daily dis charge and yearly mean discharge and runoff for the water and calendar years of record. In addition, approximately 300 miscellaneous discharge measurements, which have been made within the State of Iowa, am included in an original and convenient listing. A summary of maximum discharges at LIS places is also given together with other data pertinent to flood flow in Iowa.
","language":"English","publisher":"The State of Iowa","publisherLocation":"Des Moines, IA","usgsCitation":"Crawford, L.C., 1942, Summaries of yearly and flood flow relating to Iowa streams 1873-1940: Water Supply Bulletin 1, 129 p.","productDescription":"129 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324462,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":493152,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70174092/IGS_wsb_1.pdf","text":"Report","size":"16.3 MB"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57724e35e4b07657d1a819d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crawford, Lawrence C.","contributorId":172475,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crawford","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1014314,"text":"1014314 - 1942 - Observations on the natural and artificial propagation of the smallmouth black bass, Micropterus dolomieu","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-25T17:23:57.920496","indexId":"1014314","displayToPublicDate":"1942-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1942","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observations on the natural and artificial propagation of the smallmouth black bass, Micropterus dolomieu","docAbstract":"Counts of smallmouth black bass nests in the same sections of the South Branch of the Potomac, the Cacapon, and the Shenandoah Rivers are reported over a period of several seasons. The 4‐year record for the South Branch of the Potomac indicates little change in the smallmouth black bass population. The number of nests varied between 50.7 and 73.2 and averaged 58.1 for each mile of stream. The results of fry counts from wild nests showed an average of 2,159 fry in each nest in the South Branch of the Potomac, 2,210 in the Cacapon River, and 1,998 in the Shenandoah River.
One important characteristic of natural propagation in these rivers is the simultaneous occurrence of spawning in any section of stream having similar conditions. Evidence is supplied to support the theory that a long, drawn‐out spawning season in artificial ponds is due to annoyance of the brood fish. The importance of attendance by the male fish at the nest is pointed out.
Examples in pond culture are given to demonstrate that there are other factors involved in the spawning of smallmouth black bass besides temperature. These factors are annoyance, over‐crowding of the brood fish, and lack of provision for greater individual privacy among the brood bass during their spawning season. In general, productivity of fry apparently increases with age and size of the brood fish.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1942)72[233:OOTNAA]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Surber, E.W., 1942, Observations on the natural and artificial propagation of the smallmouth black bass, Micropterus dolomieu: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 72, no. 1, p. 233-245, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1942)72[233:OOTNAA]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"233","endPage":"245","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131997,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Potomac River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.32903090675164,\n 38.6622450010382\n ],\n [\n -77.36756408167214,\n 38.28076336762224\n ],\n [\n -77.06359976946833,\n 38.25411148538747\n ],\n [\n -76.70306177723862,\n 38.05770962016482\n ],\n [\n -76.408740092337,\n 37.87109689063762\n ],\n [\n -76.23910875765803,\n 37.8913946922048\n ],\n [\n -76.26223438852878,\n 38.18181501632121\n ],\n [\n -76.77509150394854,\n 38.37768061627978\n ],\n [\n -77.15236905324782,\n 38.49583195992544\n ],\n [\n -77.0565924452876,\n 38.65418624006185\n ],\n [\n -77.32903090675164,\n 38.6622450010382\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"72","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db696426","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Surber, E. 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