The Southern High Plains is anticipated to experience significant changes in temperature and precipitation due to climate change. These changes may influence the lesser prairie-chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) in positive or negative ways. We assessed the potential changes in clutch size, incubation start date, and nest survival for lesser prairie-chickens for the years 2050 and 2080 based on modeled predictions of climate change and reproductive data for lesser prairie-chickens from 2001-2011 on the Southern High Plains of Texas and New Mexico. We developed 9 a priori models to assess the relationship between reproductive parameters and biologically relevant weather conditions. We selected weather variable(s) with the most model support and then obtained future predicted values from climatewizard.org. We conducted 1,000 simulations using each reproductive parameter's linear equation obtained from regression calculations, and the future predicted value for each weather variable to predict future reproductive parameter values for lesser prairie-chickens. There was a high degree of model uncertainty for each reproductive value. Winter temperature had the greatest effect size for all three parameters, suggesting a negative relationship between above-average winter temperature and reproductive output. The above-average winter temperatures are correlated to La Nina events, which negatively affect lesser prairie-chickens through resulting drought conditions. By 2050 and 2080, nest survival was predicted to be below levels considered viable for population persistence; however, our assessment did not consider annual survival of adults, chick survival, or the positive benefit of habitat management and conservation, which may ultimately offset the potentially negative effect of drought on nest survival.
","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0068225","usgsCitation":"Grisham, B.A., Boal, C.W., Haukos, D.A., Davis, D., Boydston, K.K., Dixon, C., and Heck, W.R., 2013, The predicted influence of climate change on lesser prairie-chicken reproductive parameters: PLoS ONE, v. 8, no. 7, p. 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0068225.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"10","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-043440","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":582,"text":"Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473694,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0068225","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":300284,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-07-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5551d2bde4b0a92fa7e93c19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grisham, Blake A.","contributorId":75419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grisham","given":"Blake","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boal, Clint W. 0000-0001-6008-8911 cboal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6008-8911","contributorId":1909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boal","given":"Clint","email":"cboal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haukos, David A. 0000-0001-5372-9960 dhaukos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5372-9960","contributorId":3664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haukos","given":"David","email":"dhaukos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davis, D.","contributorId":85747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Boydston, Kathy K.","contributorId":15501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boydston","given":"Kathy","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dixon, Charles","contributorId":68203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Heck, Willard R.","contributorId":61732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heck","given":"Willard","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70046719,"text":"sir20135127 - 2013 - Construction of 3-D geologic framework and textural models for Cuyama Valley groundwater basin, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-11T11:57:26","indexId":"sir20135127","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-11T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5127","title":"Construction of 3-D geologic framework and textural models for Cuyama Valley groundwater basin, California","docAbstract":"Groundwater is the sole source of water supply in Cuyama Valley, a rural agricultural area in Santa Barbara County, California, in the southeasternmost part of the Coast Ranges of California. Continued groundwater withdrawals and associated water-resource management concerns have prompted an evaluation of the hydrogeology and water availability for the Cuyama Valley groundwater basin by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Water Agency Division of the Santa Barbara County Department of Public Works. As a part of the overall groundwater evaluation, this report documents the construction of a digital three-dimensional geologic framework model of the groundwater basin suitable for use within a numerical hydrologic-flow model. The report also includes an analysis of the spatial variability of lithology and grain size, which forms the geologic basis for estimating aquifer hydraulic properties.\n\nThe geologic framework was constructed as a digital representation of the interpreted geometry and thickness of the principal stratigraphic units within the Cuyama Valley groundwater basin, which include younger alluvium, older alluvium, and the Morales Formation, and underlying consolidated bedrock. The framework model was constructed by creating gridded surfaces representing the altitude of the top of each stratigraphic unit from various input data, including lithologic and electric logs from oil and gas wells and water wells, cross sections, and geologic maps.\n\nSediment grain-size data were analyzed in both two and three dimensions to help define textural variations in the Cuyama Valley groundwater basin and identify areas with similar geologic materials that potentially have fairly uniform hydraulic properties. Sediment grain size was used to construct three-dimensional textural models that employed simple interpolation between drill holes and two-dimensional textural models for each stratigraphic unit that incorporated spatial structure of the textural data.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135127","usgsCitation":"Sweetkind, D., Faunt, C., and Hanson, R.T., 2013, Construction of 3-D geologic framework and textural models for Cuyama Valley groundwater basin, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5127, vii, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135127.","productDescription":"vii, 46 p.","numberOfPages":"58","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274299,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135127.jpg"},{"id":274297,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5127/"},{"id":274298,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5127/pdf/sir2013-5127.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.41,32.53 ], [ -124.41,42.01 ], [ -114.13,42.01 ], [ -114.13,32.53 ], [ -124.41,32.53 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51cea254e4b044272b8e88fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sweetkind, Donald S.","contributorId":18732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweetkind","given":"Donald S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Faunt, Claudia C. 0000-0001-5659-7529 ccfaunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5659-7529","contributorId":1491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faunt","given":"Claudia C.","email":"ccfaunt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":480087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hanson, Randall T. 0000-0002-9819-7141 rthanson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9819-7141","contributorId":801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"Randall","email":"rthanson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70046967,"text":"70046967 - 2013 - A kinematic model for the formation of the Siletz-Crescent forearc terrane by capture of coherent fragments of the Farallon and Resurrection plates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-10T14:16:01","indexId":"70046967","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-11T09:12:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3524,"text":"Tectonics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A kinematic model for the formation of the Siletz-Crescent forearc terrane by capture of coherent fragments of the Farallon and Resurrection plates","docAbstract":"The volcanic basement of the Oregon and Washington Coast ranges has been proposed to represent a pair of tracks of the Yellowstone hotspot formed at a mid-ocean ridge during the early Cenozoic. This interpretation has been questioned on many grounds, especially that the range of ages does not match the offshore spreading rates and that the presence of continental coarse clastic sediments is difficult to reconcile with fast convergence rates between the oceanic plates and North America. Updates to basement geochronology and plate motion history reveal that these objections are much less serious than when they were first raised. Forward plate kinematic modeling reveals that predicted basement ages can be consistent with the observed range of about 55–49 Ma, and that the entire basement terrane can form within about 300 km of continental sources for clastic sediments. This kinematic model indicates that there is no firm reason to reject the near-ridge hotspot hypothesis on the basis of plate motions. A novel element of the model is the Resurrection plate, previously proposed to exist between the Farallon and Kula plates. By including the defunct Resurrection plate in our reconstruction, we are able to model the Farallon hotspot track as docking against the Oregon subduction margin starting about 53 Ma, followed by docking of the Resurrection track to the north starting about 48 Ma. Accretion of the Farallon plate fragment and partial subduction of the Resurrection fragment complicates the three-dimensional structure of the modern Cascadia forearc. We interpret the so-called “E” layer beneath Vancouver Island to be part of the Resurrection fragment. Our new kinematic model of mobile terranes within the Paleogene North American plate boundary allows reinterpretation of the three-dimensional structure of the Cascadia forearc and its relationship to ongoing seismotectonic processes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tectonics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/tect.20045","usgsCitation":"McCrory, P.A., and Wilson, D.S., 2013, A kinematic model for the formation of the Siletz-Crescent forearc terrane by capture of coherent fragments of the Farallon and Resurrection plates: Tectonics, v. 32, no. 3, p. 718-736, https://doi.org/10.1002/tect.20045.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"718","endPage":"736","ipdsId":"IP-037798","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473698,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tect.20045","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":274849,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274848,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tect.20045"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington;Oregon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -130.0,41.99 ], [ -130.0,49.0 ], [ -116.46,49.0 ], [ -116.46,41.99 ], [ -130.0,41.99 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"32","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-06-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51dfc5d2e4b0d332bf22f329","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCrory, Patricia A. 0000-0003-2471-0018 pmccrory@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2471-0018","contributorId":2728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCrory","given":"Patricia","email":"pmccrory@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, Douglas S.","contributorId":68782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70046949,"text":"fs20133033 - 2013 - Ecological health in the Nation's streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-10T14:12:09","indexId":"fs20133033","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-10T15:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-3033","title":"Ecological health in the Nation's streams","docAbstract":"Aquatic biological communities, which are collections of organisms, are a direct measure of stream health because they indicate the ability of a stream to support life. This fact sheet highlights selected findings of a national assessment of stream health by the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The assessment was unique in that it integrated the condition of three biological communities—algae, macroinvertebrates, and fish—as well as measures of streamflow modification, pesticides, nutrients, and other factors. At least one biological community was altered at 83 percent of assessed streams, and the occurrence of altered communities was highest in urban streams. Streamflows were modified at 86 percent of assessed streams, and increasing severity of streamflow modification was associated with increased occurrence of altered biological communities. Agricultural and urban land use in watersheds may contribute pesticides and nutrients to stream waters, and increasing concentrations of these chemicals were associated with increased occurrence of altered biological communities.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20133033","collaboration":"The Quality of Our Nation’s Waters","usgsCitation":"Carlisle, D.M., and Woodside, M., 2013, Ecological health in the Nation's streams: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2013-3033, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20133033.","productDescription":"6 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274833,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20133033.gif"},{"id":274832,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3033/"},{"id":274831,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3033/pdf/fs2013-3033.pdf"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 173.0,16.916667 ], [ 173.0,71.833333 ], [ -66.95,71.833333 ], [ -66.95,16.916667 ], [ 173.0,16.916667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51de7456e4b0d24b0f89c666","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carlisle, Daren M. 0000-0002-7367-348X dcarlisle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7367-348X","contributorId":513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlisle","given":"Daren","email":"dcarlisle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woodside, Michael D. mdwoodsi@usgs.gov","contributorId":2903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodside","given":"Michael D.","email":"mdwoodsi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70046877,"text":"70046877 - 2013 - Bayesian inversion of data from effusive volcanic eruptions using physics-based models: Application to Mount St. Helens 2004--2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-10T12:37:45","indexId":"70046877","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-10T12:23:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bayesian inversion of data from effusive volcanic eruptions using physics-based models: Application to Mount St. Helens 2004--2008","docAbstract":"Physics-based models of volcanic eruptions can directly link magmatic processes with diverse, time-varying geophysical observations, and when used in an inverse procedure make it possible to bring all available information to bear on estimating properties of the volcanic system. We develop a technique for inverting geodetic, extrusive flux, and other types of data using a physics-based model of an effusive silicic volcanic eruption to estimate the geometry, pressure, depth, and volatile content of a magma chamber, and properties of the conduit linking the chamber to the surface. A Bayesian inverse formulation makes it possible to easily incorporate independent information into the inversion, such as petrologic estimates of melt water content, and yields probabilistic estimates for model parameters and other properties of the volcano. Probability distributions are sampled using a Markov-Chain Monte Carlo algorithm. We apply the technique using GPS and extrusion data from the 2004–2008 eruption of Mount St. Helens. In contrast to more traditional inversions such as those involving geodetic data alone in combination with kinematic forward models, this technique is able to provide constraint on properties of the magma, including its volatile content, and on the absolute volume and pressure of the magma chamber. Results suggest a large chamber of >40 km3 with a centroid depth of 11–18 km and a dissolved water content at the top of the chamber of 2.6–4.9 wt%.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1002/jgrb.50169","usgsCitation":"Anderson, K., and Segall, P., 2013, Bayesian inversion of data from effusive volcanic eruptions using physics-based models: Application to Mount St. Helens 2004--2008: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 118, no. 5, p. 2017-2037, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrb.50169.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"2017","endPage":"2037","ipdsId":"IP-042668","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473700,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrb.50169","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":274824,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274708,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jgrb.50169"},{"id":274709,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jgrb.50169/abstract"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Skamania County","otherGeospatial":"Mount Saint Helens","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.248734,46.156062 ], [ -122.248734,46.24062 ], [ -122.12654,46.24062 ], [ -122.12654,46.156062 ], [ -122.248734,46.156062 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"118","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-05-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51de7455e4b0d24b0f89c65e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Kyle 0000-0001-8041-3996","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8041-3996","contributorId":53677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Kyle","affiliations":[{"id":153,"text":"California Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":480544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Segall, Paul","contributorId":75942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Segall","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70046952,"text":"sir20135060 - 2013 - The simulated effects of wastewater-management actions on the hydrologic system and nitrogen-loading rates to wells and ecological receptors, Popponesset Bay Watershed, Cape Cod, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-10T10:59:31","indexId":"sir20135060","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-10T10:50:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5060","title":"The simulated effects of wastewater-management actions on the hydrologic system and nitrogen-loading rates to wells and ecological receptors, Popponesset Bay Watershed, Cape Cod, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"The discharge of excess nitrogen into Popponesset Bay, an estuarine system on western Cape Cod, has resulted in eutrophication and the loss of eel grass habitat within the estuaries. Septic-system return flow in residential areas within the watershed is the primary source of nitrogen. Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) for nitrogen have been assigned to the six estuaries that compose the system, and local communities are in the process of implementing the TMDLs by the partial sewering, treatment, and disposal of treated wastewater at wastewater-treatment facilities (WTFs). Loads of waste-derived nitrogen from both current (1997–2001) and future sources can be estimated implicitly from parcel-scale water-use data and recharge areas delineated by a groundwater-flow model. These loads are referred to as “instantaneous” loads because it is assumed that the nitrogen from surface sources is delivered to receptors instantaneously and that there is no traveltime through the aquifer. The use of a solute-transport model to explicitly simulate the transport of mass through the aquifer from sources to receptors can improve implementation of TMDLs by (1) accounting for traveltime through the aquifer, (2) avoiding limitations associated with the estimation of loads from static recharge areas, (3) accounting more accurately for the effect of surface waters on nitrogen loads, and (4) determining the response of waste-derived nitrogen loads to potential wastewater-management actions.\n\nThe load of nitrogen to Popponesset Bay on western Cape Cod, which was estimated by using current sources as input to a solute-transport model based on a steady-state flow model, is about 50 percent of the instantaneous load after about 7 years of transport (loads to estuary are equal to loads discharged from sources); this estimate is consistent with simulated advective traveltimes in the aquifer, which have a median of 5 years. Model-calculated loads originating from recharge areas reach 80 percent of the instantaneous load within 30 years; this result indicates that loads estimated from recharge areas likely are reasonable for estimating current instantaneous loads. However, recharge areas are assumed to remain static as stresses and hydrologic conditions change in response to wastewater-management actions.\n\nSewering of the Popponesset Bay watershed would not change hydraulic gradients and recharge areas to receptors substantially; however, disposal of wastewater from treatment facilities can change hydraulic gradients and recharge areas to nearby receptors, particularly if the facilities are near the boundary of the recharge area. In these cases, nitrogen loads implicitly estimated by using current recharge areas that do not accurately represent future hydraulic stresses can differ significantly from loads estimated with recharge areas that do represent those stresses. Nitrogen loads to two estuaries in the Popponesset Bay system estimated by using recharge areas delineated for future hydrologic conditions and nitrogen sources were about 3 and 9 times higher than loads estimated by using current recharge areas; for this reason, reliance on static recharge areas can present limitations for effective TMDL implementation by means of a hypothetical, but realistic, wastewater-management action. A solute-transport model explicitly represents nitrogen transport from surface sources and does not rely on the use of recharge areas; because changes in gradients resulting from wastewater-management actions are accounted for in transport simulations, they provide more reliable predictions of future nitrogen loads.\n\nExplicitly representing the mass transport of nitrogen can better account for the mechanisms by which nitrogen enters the estuary and improve estimates of the attenuation of nitrogen concentrations in fresh surface waters. Water and associated nitrogen can enter an estuary as either direct groundwater discharge or as surface-water inflow. Two estuaries in the Popponesset Bay watershed receive surface-water inflows: Shoestring Bay receives water from the Santuit River, and the tidal reach of the Mashpee River receives water (and associated nitrogen) from the nontidal reach of the Mashpee River. Much of the water discharging into these streams passes through ponds prior to discharge. The additional attenuation of nitrogen in groundwater that has passed through a pond and discharged into a stream prior to entering an estuary is about 3 kilograms per day.\n\nAdvective-transport times in the aquifer generally are small—median traveltimes are about 4.5 years—and nitrogen loads at receptors respond quickly to wastewater-management actions. The simulated decreases in nitrogen loads were 50 and 80 percent of the total decreases within 5 and 15 years, respectively, after full sewering of the watershed and within 3 and 10 years, for sequential phases of partial sewering and disposal at WTFs. The results show that solute-transport models can be used to assess the responses of nitrogen loads to wastewater-management actions, and that loads at ecological receptors (receiving waters—ponds, streams or coastal waters—that support ecosystems) will respond within a few years to those actions.\n\nThe responses vary for individual receptors as functions of hydrologic setting, traveltimes in the aquifer, and the unique set of nitrogen sources representing current and future wastewater-disposal actions within recharge areas. Changes in nitrogen loads from groundwater discharge to individual estuaries range from a decrease of 90 percent to an increase of 80 percent following sequential phases of hypothetical but realistic wastewater-management actions. The ability to explicitly represent the transport of mass through the aquifer allows for the evaluation of complex responses that include the effects of surface waters, traveltimes, and complex changes in sources. Most of the simulated decreases in nitrogen loads to Shoestring Bay and the tidal portion of the Mashpee River, 79 and 69 percent, respectively, were caused by decreases in the nitrogen loads from surface-water inflow.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135060","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Walter, D.A., 2013, The simulated effects of wastewater-management actions on the hydrologic system and nitrogen-loading rates to wells and ecological receptors, Popponesset Bay Watershed, Cape Cod, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5060, vii, 62 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135060.","productDescription":"vii, 62 p.","numberOfPages":"74","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274823,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135060.jpg"},{"id":274821,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5060/"},{"id":274822,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5060/pdf/sir2013-5060_report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod;Popponesset Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -70.75,41.5 ], [ -70.75,42.083333 ], [ -69.833333,42.083333 ], [ -69.833333,41.5 ], [ -70.75,41.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51de7457e4b0d24b0f89c66e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walter, Donald A. 0000-0003-0879-4477 dawalter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0879-4477","contributorId":1101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walter","given":"Donald","email":"dawalter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70046947,"text":"sir20135118 - 2013 - Hydrologic and geochemical characterization of the Santa Rosa Plain watershed, Sonoma County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-10T09:09:22","indexId":"sir20135118","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-10T09:02:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5118","title":"Hydrologic and geochemical characterization of the Santa Rosa Plain watershed, Sonoma County, California","docAbstract":"The Santa Rosa Plain is home to approximately half of the population of Sonoma County, California, and faces growth in population and demand for water. Water managers are confronted with the challenge of meeting the increasing water demand with a combination of water sources, including local groundwater, whose future availability could be uncertain. To meet this challenge, water managers are seeking to acquire the knowledge and tools needed to understand the likely effects of future groundwater development in the Santa Rosa Plain and to identify efficient strategies for surface- and groundwater management that will ensure the long-term viability of the water supply. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Sonoma County Water Agency and other stakeholders in the area (cities of Cotati, Rohnert Park, Santa Rosa, and Sebastopol, town of Windsor, Cal-American Water Company, and the County of Sonoma), undertook this study to characterize the hydrology of the Santa Rosa Plain and to develop tools to better understand and manage the groundwater system.\n\nThe objectives of the study are: (1) to develop an updated assessment of the hydrogeology and geochemistry of the Santa Rosa Plain; (2) to develop a fully coupled surface-water and groundwater-flow model for the Santa Rosa Plain watershed; and (3) to evaluate the potential hydrologic effects of alternative groundwater-management strategies for the basin. The purpose of this report is to describe the surface-water and groundwater hydrology, hydrogeology, and water-quality characteristics of the Santa Rosa Plain watershed and to develop a conceptual model of the hydrologic system in support of the first objective. The results from completing the second and third objectives will be described in a separate report.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135118","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Sonoma County Water Agency","usgsCitation":"Nishikawa, T., 2013, Hydrologic and geochemical characterization of the Santa Rosa Plain watershed, Sonoma County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5118, xvii, 178 p.; Appendix A, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135118.","productDescription":"xvii, 178 p.; Appendix A","numberOfPages":"199","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274817,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135118.jpg"},{"id":274815,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5118/pdf/sir20135118.pdf"},{"id":274816,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5118/sir20135118_appA.xls"},{"id":274814,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5118/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Sonoma County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.534,38.0695 ], [ -123.534,38.8527 ], [ -122.3497,38.8527 ], [ -122.3497,38.0695 ], [ -123.534,38.0695 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51de7456e4b0d24b0f89c66a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nishikawa, Tracy 0000-0002-7348-3838 tnish@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7348-3838","contributorId":1515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nishikawa","given":"Tracy","email":"tnish@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70188863,"text":"70188863 - 2013 - Atmospheric propagation modeling indicates homing pigeons use loft-specific infrasonic ‘map’ cues","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-26T14:27:54","indexId":"70188863","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2275,"text":"Journal of Experimental Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Atmospheric propagation modeling indicates homing pigeons use loft-specific infrasonic ‘map’ cues","docAbstract":"Results from an acoustic ray-tracing program using daily meteorological profiles are presented to explain ‘release-site biases’ for homing pigeons at three experimental sites in upstate New York where W. T. Keeton and his co-workers at Cornell University conducted extensive releases between 1968 and 1987 in their investigations of the avian navigational ‘map’. The sites are the Jersey Hill and Castor Hill fire towers, and another near Weedsport, where control pigeons from the Cornell loft vanished in random directions, in directions consistently >50 deg clockwise and in directions ∼15 deg clockwise from the homeward bearing, respectively. Because Cornell pigeons were disoriented at Jersey Hill whereas birds from other lofts were not, it is inferred that Jersey Hill lies within an acoustic ‘shadow’ zone relative to infrasonic signals originating from the Cornell loft’s vicinity. Such signals could arise from ground-to-air coupling of near-continuous microseisms, or from scattering of direct microbaroms off terrain features, both of which are initially generated by wave–wave interactions in the deep ocean. HARPA runs show that little or no infrasound from the loft area arrived at Jersey Hill on days when Cornell pigeons were disoriented there, and that homeward infrasonic signals could have arrived at all three sites from directions consistent with pigeon departure bearings, especially on days when these bearings were unusual. The general stability of release-site biases might be due to influences of terrain on transmission of the homeward signals under prevailing weather patterns, whereas short-term changes in biases might be caused by rapid shifts in atmospheric conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Experimental Biology","doi":"10.1242/jeb.072934","usgsCitation":"Hagstrum, J.T., 2013, Atmospheric propagation modeling indicates homing pigeons use loft-specific infrasonic ‘map’ cues: Journal of Experimental Biology, v. 216, p. 687-699, https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.072934.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"687","endPage":"699","ipdsId":"IP-042311","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488654,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.072934","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":342907,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.167724609375,\n 42.167475010395336\n ],\n [\n -75.8331298828125,\n 42.167475010395336\n ],\n [\n -75.8331298828125,\n 43.61619382369185\n ],\n [\n -78.167724609375,\n 43.61619382369185\n ],\n [\n -78.167724609375,\n 42.167475010395336\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"216","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59521d28e4b062508e3c36d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hagstrum, Jonathan T. 0000-0002-0689-280X jhag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0689-280X","contributorId":3474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagstrum","given":"Jonathan","email":"jhag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":700737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70046941,"text":"sir20135128 - 2013 - Erosion monitoring along the Coosa River below Logan Martin Dam near Vincent, Alabama, using terrestrial light detection and ranging (T-LiDAR) technology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-09T15:28:27","indexId":"sir20135128","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-09T15:19:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5128","title":"Erosion monitoring along the Coosa River below Logan Martin Dam near Vincent, Alabama, using terrestrial light detection and ranging (T-LiDAR) technology","docAbstract":"Alabama Power operates a series of dams on the Coosa River in east central Alabama. These dams form six reservoirs that provide power generation, flood control, recreation, economic opportunity, and fish and wildlife habitats to the region. The Logan Martin Reservoir is located approximately 45 kilometers east of Birmingham and borders Saint Clair and Talladega Counties. Discharges below the reservoir are controlled by power generation at Logan Martin Dam, and there has been an ongoing concern about the stability of the streambanks downstream of the dam. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Alabama Power conducted a scientific investigation of the geomorphic conditions of a 115-meter length of streambank along the Coosa River by using tripod-mounted terrestrial light detection and ranging technology. Two surveys were conducted before and after the winter flood season of 2010 to determine the extent and magnitude of geomorphic change. A comparison of the terrestrial light detection and ranging datasets indicated that approximately 40 cubic meters of material had been eroded from the upstream section of the study area. The terrestrial light detection and ranging data included in this report consist of electronic point cloud files containing several million georeferenced data points, as well as a surface model measuring changes between scans.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135128","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Alabama Power","usgsCitation":"Kimbrow, D.R., and Lee, K., 2013, Erosion monitoring along the Coosa River below Logan Martin Dam near Vincent, Alabama, using terrestrial light detection and ranging (T-LiDAR) technology: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5128, iv, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135128.","productDescription":"iv, 9 p.","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":105,"text":"Alabama Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274803,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135128.gif"},{"id":274801,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5128/"},{"id":274802,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5128/pdf/sir2013-5128.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama","county":"Shelby County","city":"Vincent","otherGeospatial":"Coosa River;Logan Martin Dam","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -86.345833,33.4125 ], [ -86.345833,33.429167 ], [ -86.333333,33.429167 ], [ -86.333333,33.4125 ], [ -86.345833,33.4125 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51dd22d8e4b0f72b44719c17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kimbrow, Dustin R. dkimbrow@usgs.gov","contributorId":3915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimbrow","given":"Dustin","email":"dkimbrow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":105,"text":"Alabama Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, Kathryn G.","contributorId":108009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Kathryn G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70046792,"text":"sim3253 - 2013 - Marine benthic habitat mapping of the West Arm, Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-09T15:47:55","indexId":"sim3253","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-09T14:46:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3253","title":"Marine benthic habitat mapping of the West Arm, Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, Alaska","docAbstract":"Seafloor geology and potential benthic habitats were mapped in West Arm, Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, Alaska, using multibeam sonar, groundtruthed observations, and geological interpretations. The West Arm of Glacier Bay is a recently deglaciated fjord system under the influence of glacial and paraglacial marine processes. High glacially derived sediment and meltwater fluxes, slope instabilities, and variable bathymetry result in a highly dynamic estuarine environment and benthic ecosystem. We characterize the fjord seafloor and potential benthic habitats using the recently developed Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS) by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and NatureServe. Due to the high flux of glacially sourced fines, mud is the dominant substrate within the West Arm. Water-column characteristics are addressed using a combination of CTD and circulation model results. We also present sediment accumulation data derived from differential bathymetry. These data show the West Arm is divided into two contrasting environments: a dynamic upper fjord and a relatively static lower fjord. The results of these analyses serve as a test of the CMECS classification scheme and as a baseline for ongoing and future mapping efforts and correlations between seafloor substrate, benthic habitats, and glacimarine processes.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3253","usgsCitation":"Hodson, T.O., Cochrane, G.R., and Powell, R.D., 2013, Marine benthic habitat mapping of the West Arm, Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3253, Pamphlet: iii, 29 p.; Sheet 1: 41.86 inches x 38.86 inches; Sheet 2: 42.30 inches x 36.92 inches; Sheet 3: 41.86 inches x 38.86 inches; Sheet 4: 42.30 inches x 36.87 inches; Readme txt; Metadata folder; GIS data folder, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3253.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: iii, 29 p.; Sheet 1: 41.86 inches x 38.86 inches; Sheet 2: 42.30 inches x 36.92 inches; Sheet 3: 41.86 inches x 38.86 inches; Sheet 4: 42.30 inches x 36.87 inches; Readme txt; Metadata folder; GIS data folder","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-034188","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274809,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3253.jpg"},{"id":274691,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3253/"},{"id":274794,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3253/sim3253_sheet1.pdf"},{"id":274795,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3253/sim3253_sheet2.pdf"},{"id":274796,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3253/sim3253_sheet3.pdf"},{"id":274797,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3253/sim3253_sheet4.pdf"},{"id":274793,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3253/sim3253_pamphlet.pdf"},{"id":274798,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3253/sim3253_readme.txt"},{"id":274799,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3253/metadata"},{"id":274800,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3253/data"}],"scale":"50000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator Zone 8N","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Glacier Bay National Park And Preserve","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -137.269363,58.833333 ], [ -137.269363,59.083333 ], [ -136.563492,59.083333 ], [ -136.563492,58.833333 ], [ -137.269363,58.833333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51dd22d8e4b0f72b44719c1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hodson, Timothy O. 0000-0003-0962-5130","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0962-5130","contributorId":78634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodson","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cochrane, Guy R. 0000-0002-8094-4583 gcochrane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8094-4583","contributorId":2870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochrane","given":"Guy","email":"gcochrane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Powell, Ross D.","contributorId":89768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"Ross","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70046811,"text":"70046811 - 2013 - A high-resolution bioclimate map of the world: a unifying framework for global biodiversity research and monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-09T11:08:17","indexId":"70046811","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-09T10:57:29","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1839,"text":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A high-resolution bioclimate map of the world: a unifying framework for global biodiversity research and monitoring","docAbstract":"Aim: To develop a novel global spatial framework for the integration and analysis of ecological and environmental data.\nLocation: The global land surface excluding Antarctica.\nMethods: A broad set of climate-related variables were considered for inclusion in a quantitative model, which partitions geographic space into bioclimate regions. Statistical screening produced a subset of relevant bioclimate variables, which were further compacted into fewer independent dimensions using principal components analysis (PCA). An ISODATA clustering routine was then used to classify the principal components into relatively homogeneous environmental strata. The strata were aggregated into global environmental zones based on the attribute distances between strata to provide structure and support a consistent nomenclature.\nResults: The global environmental stratification (GEnS) consists of 125 strata, which have been aggregated into 18 global environmental zones. The stratification has a 30 arcsec resolution (equivalent to 0.86 km2 at the equator). Aggregations of the strata were compared with nine existing global, continental and national bioclimate and ecosystem classifications using the Kappa statistic. Values range between 0.54 and 0.72, indicating good agreement in bioclimate and ecosystem patterns between existing maps and the GEnS.\nMain conclusions: The GEnS provides a robust spatial analytical framework for the aggregation of local observations, identification of gaps in current monitoring efforts and systematic design of complementary and new monitoring and research. The dataset is available for non-commercial use through the GEO portal (http://www.geoportal.org).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/geb.12022","usgsCitation":"Metzger, M.J., Bunce, R.G., Jongman, R.H., Sayre, R.G., Trabucco, A., and Zomer, R., 2013, A high-resolution bioclimate map of the world: a unifying framework for global biodiversity research and monitoring: Global Ecology and Biogeography, v. 22, no. 5, p. 630-638, https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.12022.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"630","endPage":"638","ipdsId":"IP-041917","costCenters":[{"id":180,"text":"Climate and Land Use Change Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473702,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.12022","text":"External Repository"},{"id":274747,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274696,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/geb.12022/pdf"},{"id":274746,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/geb.12022"}],"otherGeospatial":"Earth","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -180.0,-90.0 ], [ -180.0,90.0 ], [ 180.0,90.0 ], [ 180.0,-90.0 ], [ -180.0,-90.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"22","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51dd22d2e4b0f72b44719c13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Metzger, Marc J.","contributorId":88635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metzger","given":"Marc","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bunce, Robert G.H.","contributorId":64539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunce","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"G.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jongman, Rob H.G.","contributorId":92566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jongman","given":"Rob","email":"","middleInitial":"H.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sayre, Roger G. rsayre@usgs.gov","contributorId":2882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sayre","given":"Roger","email":"rsayre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Trabucco, Antonio","contributorId":10702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trabucco","given":"Antonio","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zomer, Robert","contributorId":83006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zomer","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70046911,"text":"ds780 - 2013 - Natural-color and color-infrared image mosaics of the Colorado River corridor in Arizona derived from the May 2009 airborne image collection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-09T10:28:00","indexId":"ds780","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-09T10:14:14","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"780","title":"Natural-color and color-infrared image mosaics of the Colorado River corridor in Arizona derived from the May 2009 airborne image collection","docAbstract":"The Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (GCMRC) of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) periodically collects airborne image data for the Colorado River corridor within Arizona (fig. 1) to allow scientists to study the impacts of Glen Canyon Dam water release on the corridor’s natural and cultural resources. These data are collected from just above Glen Canyon Dam (in Lake Powell) down to the entrance of Lake Mead, for a total distance of 450 kilometers (km) and within a 500-meter (m) swath centered on the river’s mainstem and its seven main tributaries (fig. 1). The most recent airborne data collection in 2009 acquired image data in four wavelength bands (blue, green, red, and near infrared) at a spatial resolution of 20 centimeters (cm). The image collection used the latest model of the Leica ADS40 airborne digital sensor (the SH52), which uses a single optic for all four bands and collects and stores band radiance in 12-bits. Davis (2012) reported on the performance of the SH52 sensor and on the processing steps required to produce the nearly flawless four-band image mosaic (sectioned into map tiles) for the river corridor. The final image mosaic has a total of only 3 km of surface defects in addition to some areas of cloud shadow because of persistent inclement weather during data collection. The 2009 four-band image mosaic is perhaps the best image dataset that exists for the entire Arizona part of the Colorado River.\n\nSome analyses of these image mosaics do not require the full 12-bit dynamic range or all four bands of the calibrated image database, in which atmospheric scattering (or haze) had not been removed from the four bands. To provide scientists and the general public with image products that are more useful for visual interpretation, the 12-bit image data were converted to 8-bit natural-color and color-infrared images, which also removed atmospheric scattering within each wavelength-band image. The conversion required an evaluation of the histograms of each band’s digital-number population within each map tile throughout the corridor and the determination of the digital numbers corresponding to the lower and upper one percent of the picture-element population within each map tile. Visual examination of the image tiles that were given a 1-percent stretch (whereby the lower 1- percent 12-bit digital number is assigned an 8-bit value of zero and the upper 1-percent 12-bit digital number is assigned an 8-bit value of 255) indicated that this stretch sufficiently removed atmospheric scattering, which provided improved image clarity and true natural colors for all surface materials.\n\nThe lower and upper 1-percent, 12-bit digital numbers for each wavelength-band image in the image tiles exhibit erratic variations along the river corridor; the variations exhibited similar trends in both the lower and upper 1-percent digital numbers for all four wavelength-band images (figs. 2–5). The erratic variations are attributed to (1) daily variations in atmospheric water-vapor content due to monsoonal storms, (2) variations in channel water color due to variable sediment input from tributaries, and (3) variations in the amount of topographic shadows within each image tile, in which reflectance is dominated by atmospheric scattering.\n\nTo make the surface colors of the stretched, 8-bit images consistent among adjacent image tiles, it was necessary to average both the lower and upper 1-percent digital values for each wavelength-band image over 20 river miles to subdue the erratic variations. The average lower and upper 1-percent digital numbers for each image tile (figs. 2–5) were used to convert the 12-bit image values to 8-bit values and the resulting 8-bit four-band images were stored as natural-color (red, green, and blue wavelength bands) and color-infrared (near-infrared, red, and green wavelength bands) images in embedded geotiff format, which can be read and used by most geographic information system (GIS) and image-processing software. The tiff world files (tfw) are provided, even though they are generally not needed for most software to read an embedded geotiff image.\n\nAll image data are projected in the State Plane (SP) map projection using the central Arizona zone (202) and the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83). The map-tile scheme used to segment the corridor image mosaic followed the standard USGS quarter-quadrangle (QQ) map borders, but the high resolution (20 cm) of the images required further quarter segmentation (QQQ) of the standard QQ tiles, where the image mosaic covered a large fraction of a QQ map tile (segmentation shown in (figure 6), where QQ_1 to QQ_4 shows the number convention used to designate a quarter of a QQ tile). To minimize the size of each image tile, each image or map tile was subset to only include that part of the tile that had image data. In addition, some QQQ image tiles within a QQ tile were combined when adjacent QQQ map tiles were small. Thus, some image tiles consist of combinations of QQQ map tiles, some consist of an entire QQ map tile, and some consist of two adjoining QQ map tiles. The final image tiles number 143, which is a large number of files to list on the Internet for both the natural-color and color-infrared images. Thus, the image tiles were placed in seven file folders based on the one-half-degree geographic boundaries within the study area (fig. 7). The map tiles in each file folder were compressed to minimize folder size for more efficient downloading. The file folders are sequentially referred to as zone 1 through zone 7, proceeding down river (fig. 7). The QQ designations of the image tiles contained within each folder or zone are shown on the index map for each respective zone (figs. 8–14).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds780","usgsCitation":"Davis, P.A., 2013, Natural-color and color-infrared image mosaics of the Colorado River corridor in Arizona derived from the May 2009 airborne image collection: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 780, Readme PDF; Readme Folder; 16 Index Maps; 14 Image Files; Metadata; Shapefiles, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds780.","productDescription":"Readme PDF; Readme Folder; 16 Index Maps; 14 Image Files; Metadata; Shapefiles","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-043164","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274741,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds780.png"},{"id":274735,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/780/1_readme.pdf"},{"id":274736,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/780/1_readme"},{"id":274737,"type":{"id":14,"text":"Image"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/780/image_files/image_files.html"},{"id":274738,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/780/index_maps/index_maps.html"},{"id":274739,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/780/metadata/metadata.html"},{"id":274734,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/780/"},{"id":274740,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/780/shapefiles/shapefiles.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.0,35.25 ], [ -114.0,37.0 ], [ -111.0,37.0 ], [ -111.0,35.25 ], [ -114.0,35.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51dd22d9e4b0f72b44719c23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Philip A. pdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Philip","email":"pdavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":480606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70046787,"text":"tm13B1 - 2013 - Modeling crustal deformation near active faults and volcanic centers: a catalog of deformation models and modeling approaches","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-25T13:27:13","indexId":"tm13B1","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"13-B1","title":"Modeling crustal deformation near active faults and volcanic centers: a catalog of deformation models and modeling approaches","docAbstract":"This manual provides the physical and mathematical concepts for selected models used to interpret deformation measurements near active faults and volcanic centers. The emphasis is on analytical models of deformation that can be compared with data from the Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers, Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR), leveling surveys, tiltmeters and strainmeters. Source models include pressurized spherical, ellipsoidal, and horizontal penny-shaped geometries in an elastic, homogeneous, flat half-space. Vertical dikes and faults are described following the mathematical notation for rectangular dislocations in an elastic, homogeneous, flat half-space. All the analytical expressions were verified against numerical models developed by use of COMSOL Multyphics, a Finite Element Analysis software (http://www.comsol.com). In this way, typographical errors present were identified and corrected. Matlab scripts are also provided to facilitate the application of these models.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Section B: Modeling of Volcanic Processes in Book 13 Volcano Monitoring","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm13B1","usgsCitation":"Battaglia, M., Cervelli, P.F., and Murray, J.R., 2013, Modeling crustal deformation near active faults and volcanic centers: a catalog of deformation models and modeling approaches: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 13-B1, Report: viii, 96 p.; Readme; dMODELS: Matlab Script; dMODELS: Matlab Scripts compiled for LINUX OS 64bit; dMODELS: Matlab Scripts compiled for Windos OS 32bit & 64bit, https://doi.org/10.3133/tm13B1.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 96 p.; Readme; dMODELS: Matlab Script; dMODELS: Matlab Scripts compiled for LINUX OS 64bit; dMODELS: Matlab Scripts compiled for Windos OS 32bit & 64bit","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":619,"text":"Volcano Science Center-Menlo Park","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274601,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm13b1.jpg"},{"id":274542,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/13/b1/pdf/tm13-b1.pdf"},{"id":274543,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/13/b1/tm13-b1_README.txt"},{"id":274541,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/13/b1/"},{"id":274544,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/13/b1/tm13-b1_MATLAB.zip"},{"id":274545,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/13/b1/tm13-b1_LINUX.zip"},{"id":274546,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/13/b1/tm13-b1_WIN7.zip"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51dbd154e4b0f81004b77c9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Battaglia, Maurizio mbattaglia@usgs.gov","contributorId":2526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglia","given":"Maurizio","email":"mbattaglia@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":480253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cervelli, Peter F. 0000-0001-6765-1009 pcervelli@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6765-1009","contributorId":1936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cervelli","given":"Peter","email":"pcervelli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":535565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murray, Jessica R. 0000-0002-6144-1681 jrmurray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6144-1681","contributorId":2759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"Jessica","email":"jrmurray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70046782,"text":"sim3256 - 2013 - Comparative mineral mapping in the Colorado Mineral Belt using AVIRIS and ASTER remote sensing data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-05T13:09:59","indexId":"sim3256","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3256","title":"Comparative mineral mapping in the Colorado Mineral Belt using AVIRIS and ASTER remote sensing data","docAbstract":"This report presents results of interpretation of spectral remote sensing data covering the eastern Colorado Mineral Belt in central Colorado, USA, acquired by the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) sensors. This study was part of a multidisciplinary mapping and data integration project at the U.S. Geological Survey that focused on long-term resource planning by land-managing entities in Colorado.\n\nThe map products were designed primarily for the regional mapping and characterization of exposed surface mineralogy, including that related to hydrothermal alteration and supergene weathering of pyritic rocks. Alteration type was modeled from identified minerals based on standard definitions of alteration mineral assemblages. Vegetation was identified using the ASTER data and subdivided based on per-pixel chlorophyll content (depth of 0.68 micrometer absorption band) and dryness (fit and depth of leaf biochemical absorptions in the shortwave infrared spectral region). The vegetation results can be used to estimate the abundance of fire fuels at the time of data acquisition (2002 and 2003). The AVIRIS- and ASTER-derived mineral mapping results can be readily compared using the toggleable layers in the GeoPDF file, and by using the provided GIS-ready raster datasets.\n\nThe results relating to mineral occurrence and distribution were an important source of data for studies documenting the effects of mining and un-mined, altered rocks on aquatic ecosystems at the watershed level. These studies demonstrated a high correlation between metal concentrations in streams and the presence of hydrothermal alteration and (or) pyritic mine waste as determined by analysis of the map products presented herein. The mineral mapping results were also used to delineate permissive areas for various mineral deposit types.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3256","usgsCitation":"Rockwell, B.W., 2013, Comparative mineral mapping in the Colorado Mineral Belt using AVIRIS and ASTER remote sensing data: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3256, Pamphlet: iv, 8 p.; Map: 1 Sheet: 50 x 108 inches; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3256.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: iv, 8 p.; Map: 1 Sheet: 50 x 108 inches; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274504,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3256.gif"},{"id":274500,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3256/"},{"id":274501,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3256/downloads/pdf/SIM3256_pamphlet.pdf"},{"id":274502,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3256/downloads/GeoPDF/SIM3256_map.pdf"},{"id":274503,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3256/downloads/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.0603,36.9924 ], [ -109.0603,41.0034 ], [ -102.0409,41.0034 ], [ -102.0409,36.9924 ], [ -109.0603,36.9924 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51d7dccfe4b0b0351701e177","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rockwell, Barnaby W. 0000-0002-9549-0617 barnabyr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9549-0617","contributorId":2195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rockwell","given":"Barnaby","email":"barnabyr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70046781,"text":"sim3262 - 2013 - Flood-inundation maps for the Saddle River from Upper Saddle River Borough to Saddle River Borough, New Jersey, 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-05T11:58:23","indexId":"sim3262","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3262","title":"Flood-inundation maps for the Saddle River from Upper Saddle River Borough to Saddle River Borough, New Jersey, 2013","docAbstract":"Digital flood-inundation maps for a 4.1-mile reach of the Saddle River from 0.6 miles downstream from the New Jersey-New York State boundary in Upper Saddle River Borough to 0.2 miles downstream from the East Allendale Road bridge in Saddle River Borough, New Jersey, were created by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP). The inundation maps, which can be accessed through the USGS Flood Inundation Mapping Science Web site at http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/, depict estimates of the areal extent and depth of flooding corresponding to select water levels (stages) at the USGS streamgage 01390450, Saddle River at Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. Current conditions for estimating near real-time areas of inundation using USGS streamgage information may be obtained on the Internet at http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/uv?site_no=01390450. The National Weather Service (NWS) forecasts flood hydrographs at many places that are often collocated with USGS streamgages. NWS-forecasted peak-stage information may be used in conjunction with the maps developed in this study to show predicted areas of flood inundation.\n\nIn this study, flood profiles were computed for the stream reach by means of a one-dimensional step-backwater model. The model was calibrated by using the most current stage-discharge relations (in effect March 2013) at USGS streamgage 01390450, Saddle River at Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, and documented high-water marks from recent floods. The hydraulic model was then used to determine eight water-surface profiles for flood stages at 0.5-foot (ft) intervals referenced to the streamgage datum, North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88), and ranging from bankfull, 0.5 ft below NWS Action Stage, to the upper extent of the stage-discharge rating which is approximately 1 ft higher than the highest recorded water level at the streamgage. Action Stage is the stage which when reached by a rising stream the NWS or a partner needs to take some type of mitigation action in preparation for possible significant hydrologic activity. The simulated water-surface profiles were then combined with a geographic information system 3-meter (9.84 ft) digital elevation model (derived from Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data) in order to delineate the area flooded at each water level.\n\nThe availability of these maps along with real-time streamflow data and information regarding current stage from USGS streamgages and forecasted stream stages from the NWS provide emergency management personnel and residents with information that is critical for flood response activities, such as evacuations and road closures, as well as for post-flood recovery efforts.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3262","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Watson, K.M., and Hoppe, H.L., 2013, Flood-inundation maps for the Saddle River from Upper Saddle River Borough to Saddle River Borough, New Jersey, 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3262, Pamphlet: vi, 8 p.; Maps: 8 Sheets: 17 x 22 inches; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3262.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: vi, 8 p.; Maps: 8 Sheets: 17 x 22 inches; Downloads Directory","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2013-01-01","temporalEnd":"2013-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274498,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3262.png"},{"id":274490,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3262/downloads/map_sheets/sim3262_40.pdf"},{"id":274488,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3262/downloads/sim3262-pamphlet.pdf"},{"id":274489,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3262/downloads/map_sheets/sim3262_30.pdf"},{"id":274491,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3262/downloads/map_sheets/sim3262_35.pdf"},{"id":274492,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3262/downloads/map_sheets/sim3262_45.pdf"},{"id":274493,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3262/downloads/map_sheets/sim3262_50.pdf"},{"id":274494,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3262/downloads/map_sheets/sim3262_55.pdf"},{"id":274495,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3262/downloads/map_sheets/sim3262_60.pdf"},{"id":274496,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3262/downloads/map_sheets/sim3262_65.pdf"},{"id":274497,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3262/downloads"},{"id":274499,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3262"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Saddle River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -74.120833,41.025 ], [ -74.120833,41.083333 ], [ -74.063889,41.083333 ], [ -74.063889,41.025 ], [ -74.120833,41.025 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51d7dcd4e4b0b0351701e17b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watson, Kara M. 0000-0002-2685-0260 kmwatson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2685-0260","contributorId":2134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watson","given":"Kara","email":"kmwatson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoppe, Heidi L. hhoppe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoppe","given":"Heidi","email":"hhoppe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":480241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70047575,"text":"sir20135135 - 2013 - Modeling the Water - Quality Effects of Changes to the Klamath River Upstream of Keno Dam, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-12T14:37:28","indexId":"sir20135135","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-04T13:59:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5135","title":"Modeling the Water - Quality Effects of Changes to the Klamath River Upstream of Keno Dam, Oregon","docAbstract":"The Link River to Keno Dam (Link-Keno) reach of the Klamath River, Oregon, generally has periods of water-quality impairment during summer, including low dissolved oxygen, elevated concentrations of ammonia and algae, and high pH. Efforts are underway to improve water quality in this reach through a Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) program and other management and operational actions. To assist in planning, a hydrodynamic and water-quality model was used in this study to provide insight about how various actions could affect water quality in the reach. These model scenarios used a previously developed and calibrated CE-QUAL-W2 model of the Link-Keno reach developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Watercourse Engineering Inc., and the Bureau of Reclamation for calendar years 2006-09 (referred to as the \"USGS model\" in this report). Another model of the same river reach was previously developed by Tetra Tech, Inc. and the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality for years 2000 and 2002 and was used in the TMDL process; that model is referred to as the \"TMDL model\" in this report. \n\nThis report includes scenarios that (1) assess the effect of TMDL allocations on water quality, (2) provide insight on certain aspects of the TMDL model, (3) assess various methods to improve water quality in this reach, and (4) examine possible water-quality effects of a future warmer climate. Results presented in this report for the first 5 scenarios supersede or augment those that were previously published (scenarios 1 and 2 in Sullivan and others [2011], 3 through 5 in Sullivan and others [2012]); those previous results are still valid, but the results for those scenarios in this report are more current.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135135","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Sullivan, A.B., Sogutlugil, I.E., Rounds, S.A., and Deas, M., 2013, Modeling the Water - Quality Effects of Changes to the Klamath River Upstream of Keno Dam, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5135, viii, 60 p.; 1 Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135135.","productDescription":"viii, 60 p.; 1 Appendix","numberOfPages":"72","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276541,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5135/pdf/sir20135135_appA.pdf"},{"id":276542,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135135.bmp"},{"id":276539,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5135/"},{"id":276540,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5135/pdf/sir20135135.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Keno Dam","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.0,42.05 ], [ -122.0,42.3 ], [ -121.75,42.3 ], [ -121.75,42.05 ], [ -122.0,42.05 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f0e959e4b04309f4e38ce3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sullivan, Annett B. 0000-0001-7783-3906 annett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7783-3906","contributorId":56317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"Annett","email":"annett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sogutlugil, I. Ertugrul","contributorId":50277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sogutlugil","given":"I.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ertugrul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rounds, Stewart A. 0000-0002-8540-2206 sarounds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8540-2206","contributorId":905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rounds","given":"Stewart","email":"sarounds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Deas, Michael L.","contributorId":98830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deas","given":"Michael L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70043400,"text":"70043400 - 2013 - Oblique transfer of extensional strain between basins of the middle Rio Grande rift, New Mexico: Fault kinematic and paleostress constraints","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-26T09:43:14","indexId":"70043400","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1727,"text":"GSA Special Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oblique transfer of extensional strain between basins of the middle Rio Grande rift, New Mexico: Fault kinematic and paleostress constraints","docAbstract":"The structural geometry of transfer and accommodation zones that relay strain between extensional domains in rifted crust has been addressed in many studies over the past 30 years. However, details of the kinematics of deformation and related stress changes within these zones have received relatively little attention. In this study we conduct the first-ever systematic, multi-basin fault-slip measurement campaign within the late Cenozoic Rio Grande rift of northern New Mexico to address the mechanisms and causes of extensional strain transfer associated with a broad accommodation zone. Numerous (562) kinematic measurements were collected at fault exposures within and adjacent to the NE-trending Santo Domingo Basin accommodation zone, or relay, which structurally links the N-trending, right-stepping en echelon Albuquerque and Española rift basins. The following observations are made based on these fault measurements and paleostresses computed from them. (1) Compared to the typical northerly striking normal to normal-oblique faults in the rift basins to the north and south, normal-oblique faults are broadly distributed within two merging, NE-trending zones on the northwest and southeast sides of the Santo Domingo Basin. (2) Faults in these zones have greater dispersion of rake values and fault strikes, greater dextral strike-slip components over a wide northerly strike range, and small to moderate clockwise deflections of their tips. (3) Relative-age relations among fault surfaces and slickenlines used to compute reduced stress tensors suggest that far-field, ~E-W–trending σ3 stress trajectories were perturbed 45° to 90° clockwise into NW to N trends within the Santo Domingo zones. (4) Fault-stratigraphic age relations constrain the stress perturbations to the later stages of rifting, possibly as late as 2.7–1.1 Ma.\n\nOur fault observations and previous paleomagnetic evidence of post–2.7 Ma counterclockwise vertical-axis rotations are consistent with increased bulk sinistral-normal oblique shear along the Santo Domingo rift segment in Pliocene and later time. Regional geologic evidence suggests that the width of active rift faulting became increasingly confined to the Santo Domingo Basin and axial parts of the adjoining basins beginning in the late Miocene. We infer that the Santo Domingo clockwise stress perturbations developed coevally with the oblique rift segment mainly due to mechanical interactions of large faults propagating toward each other from the adjoining basins as the rift narrowed. Our results suggest that negligible bulk strike-slip displacement has been accommodated along the north-trending rift during much of its development, but uncertainties in the maximum ages of fault slip do not allow us to fully evaluate and discriminate between earlier models that invoked northward or southward rotation and translation of the Colorado Plateau during early (Miocene) rifting.","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/2013.2494(14)","usgsCitation":"Minor, S.A., Hudson, M., Caine, J.S., and Thompson, R.A., 2013, Oblique transfer of extensional strain between basins of the middle Rio Grande rift, New Mexico: Fault kinematic and paleostress constraints: GSA Special Papers, v. 494, p. 345-382, https://doi.org/10.1130/2013.2494(14).","productDescription":"38 p.","startPage":"345","endPage":"382","ipdsId":"IP-017587","costCenters":[{"id":308,"text":"Geology and Environmental Change Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274474,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Rio Grande Rift","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.05,31.33 ], [ -109.05,37.0 ], [ -103.0,37.0 ], [ -103.0,31.33 ], [ -109.05,31.33 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"494","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51d539d5e4b011afeb0c75c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Minor, Scott A. 0000-0002-6976-9235 sminor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6976-9235","contributorId":765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minor","given":"Scott","email":"sminor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hudson, Mark R. 0000-0003-0338-6079 mhudson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0338-6079","contributorId":1236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"Mark R.","email":"mhudson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Caine, Jonathan S. 0000-0002-7269-6989 jscaine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7269-6989","contributorId":1272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caine","given":"Jonathan","email":"jscaine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":473510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thompson, Ren A. 0000-0002-3044-3043 rathomps@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3044-3043","contributorId":1265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Ren","email":"rathomps@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70046778,"text":"sir20105090K - 2013 - Porphyry copper assessment of Europe, exclusive of the Fennoscandian Shield: Chapter K in Global mineral resource assessment","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70046778,"text":"sir20105090K - 2013 - Porphyry copper assessment of Europe, exclusive of the Fennoscandian Shield: Chapter K in Global mineral resource assessment","indexId":"sir20105090K","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"chapter":"K","title":"Porphyry copper assessment of Europe, exclusive of the Fennoscandian Shield: Chapter K in Global mineral resource assessment"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70040436,"text":"sir20105090 - 2010 - Global mineral resource assessment","indexId":"sir20105090","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Global mineral resource assessment"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70040436,"text":"sir20105090 - 2010 - Global mineral resource assessment","indexId":"sir20105090","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Global mineral resource assessment"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-18T13:56:05","indexId":"sir20105090K","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5090","chapter":"K","title":"Porphyry copper assessment of Europe, exclusive of the Fennoscandian Shield: Chapter K in Global mineral resource assessment","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) collaborated with European geologists to assess resources in porphyry copper deposits in Europe, exclusive of Scandinavia (Sweden, Denmark, Norway, and Finland) and Russia. Porphyry copper deposits in Europe are Paleozoic and Late Cretaceous to Miocene in age. A number of the 31 known Phanerozoic deposits contain more than 1 million metric tons of contained copper, including the Majdanpek deposit, Serbia; Assarel, Bulgaria; Skouries, Greece; and Rosia Poeni, Romania. Five geographic areas were delineated as permissive tracts for post-Paleozoic porphyry copper deposits. Two additional tracts were delineated to show the extent of permissive igneous rocks associated with porphyry copper mineralization related to the Paleozoic Caledonian and Variscan orogenies. The tracts are based on mapped and inferred subsurface distributions of igneous rocks of specific age ranges that define areas where the occurrence of porphyry copper deposits within 1 kilometer of the Earth’s surface is possible. These tracts range in area from about 4,000 to 93,000 square kilometers. Although maps at a variety of different scales were used in the assessment, the final tract boundaries are intended for use at a scale of 1:1,000,000.
\nThe post-Paleozoic deposits in Europe all formed in conjunction with the tectonic evolution of southern Europe as the former Tethyan Ocean closed by convergence of the African and Arabian Plates with Europe, accompanied by accretion of microcontinents to the southern Eurasian Plate and development and demise of magmatic arcs and ocean basins. Many of the deposits formed in extensional or post-collisional settings; these tectonic environments are increasingly being recognized as environments where porphyry copper deposits occur.
\nProbabilistic estimates of undiscovered porphyry copper deposits were made for four Phanerozoic permissive tracts; the other tracts are discussed qualitatively. Assessment participants estimated numbers of undiscovered deposits at different levels of confidence for the four tracts. These estimates were then combined with grade and tonnage models using Monte Carlo simulation to generate probabilistic estimates of amounts of in-place undiscovered resources. Additional resources that may be present in extensions of known deposits were not evaluated. Assessment results are reported in tables and graphs as expected amounts of metal and rock in undiscovered deposits at different quantile levels, as well as the arithmetic mean for each commodity for each tract.
\nThis assessment estimated a mean of 14 undiscovered porphyry copper deposits within the four permissive tracts for which estimates were made. On the basis of global grade and tonnage models, mean (arithmetic) estimated resources that could be associated with undiscovered deposits are about 46 million metric tons of copper and about 2,600 metric tons of gold, as well as byproduct molybdenum and silver. Reliable reported identified resources for the 27 deposits in the assessed areas total about 44 million metric tons of copper and about 2,300 metric tons of gold. Exploration for gold-rich porphyry systems is ongoing in some parts of historical copper mining districts in central Europe and in northwesternmost (European) Turkey. Political and social conflicts, environmental concerns associated with historical mining, and the global economic situation have had negative effects on exploration, development, and mining in Europe for many years.
\nThe assessment includes an overview with summary tables. Detailed descriptions of each tract, including the rationales for delineation and assessment, are given in appendixes A–G. Appendix H describes a geographic information system (GIS) that includes tract boundaries and point locations of known porphyry copper deposits and significant prospects.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global mineral resource assessment (Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5090)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105090K","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau de Recheres Géologiques et Minières (BRGM), the Geological Institute of Romania, Charles University, and Dr. Duncan E. Large, Ph.D.","usgsCitation":"Sutphin, D., Hammarstrom, J.M., Drew, L.J., Large, D.E., Berger, B.R., Dicken, C., DeMarr, M., with contributions from Billa, M., Briskey, J.A., Cassard, D., Lips, A., Pertold, Z., and Rosu, E., 2013, Porphyry copper assessment of Europe, exclusive of the Fennoscandian Shield: Chapter K in Global mineral resource assessment: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5090, Report: xii, 197 p.; Tabloid Figures: 6 Sheets: 17 x 11 inches; GIS Package, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105090K.","productDescription":"Report: xii, 197 p.; Tabloid Figures: 6 Sheets: 17 x 11 inches; GIS Package","numberOfPages":"214","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources 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jhammars@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2742-3460","contributorId":1226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammarstrom","given":"Jane","email":"jhammars@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Drew, Lawrence J. ldrew@usgs.gov","contributorId":2635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drew","given":"Lawrence","email":"ldrew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":480223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Large, Duncan E.","contributorId":76630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Large","given":"Duncan","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Berger, Byron R. bberger@usgs.gov","contributorId":1490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"Byron","email":"bberger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dicken, Connie cdicken@usgs.gov","contributorId":172878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dicken","given":"Connie","email":"cdicken@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"DeMarr, Michael W.","contributorId":64979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeMarr","given":"Michael W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"with contributions from Billa, Mario","contributorId":102773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"with contributions from Billa","given":"Mario","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Briskey, Joseph A.","contributorId":77605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briskey","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Cassard, Daniel","contributorId":71860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cassard","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Lips, Andor","contributorId":84253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lips","given":"Andor","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Pertold, Zdenek","contributorId":7598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pertold","given":"Zdenek","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Rosu, Emilian","contributorId":36830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosu","given":"Emilian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70046779,"text":"ofr20131154 - 2013 - Theoretical life history responses of juvenile Oncorhynchus mykiss to changes in food availability using a dynamic state-dependent approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-17T09:16:56","indexId":"ofr20131154","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1154","title":"Theoretical life history responses of juvenile Oncorhynchus mykiss to changes in food availability using a dynamic state-dependent approach","docAbstract":"Marine subsidies can play an important role in the growth, survival, and migratory behavior of rearing juvenile salmonids. Availability of high-energy, marine-derived food sources during critical decision windows may influence the timing of emigration or the decision to forego emigration completely and remain in the freshwater environment. Increasing growth and growth rate during these decision windows may result in an altered juvenile population structure, which will ultimately affect the adult population age-structure. We used a state dependent model to understand how the juvenile Oncorhynchus mykiss population structure may respond to increased availability of salmon eggs in their diet during critical decision windows. Our models predicted an increase in smolt production until coho salmon eggs comprised more than 50 percent of juvenile O. mykiss diet at the peak of the spawning run. At higher-than intermediate levels of egg consumption, smolt production decreased owing to increasing numbers of fish adopting a resident life-history strategy. Additionally, greater growth rates decreased the number of age-3 smolts and increased the number of age-2 smolts. Increased growth rates with higher egg consumption also decreased the age at which fish adopted the resident pathway. Our models suggest that the introduction of a high-energy food source during critical periods of the year could be sufficient to increase smolt production.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131154","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Romine, J.G., Benjamin, J.R., Perry, R.W., Casal, L., Connolly, P., and Sauter, S., 2013, Theoretical life history responses of juvenile Oncorhynchus mykiss to changes in food availability using a dynamic state-dependent approach: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1154, iv, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131154.","productDescription":"iv, 20 p.","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274472,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131154.png"},{"id":274470,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1154/"},{"id":274471,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1154/pdf/ofr20131154.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51d539d5e4b011afeb0c75d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Romine, Jason G. 0000-0002-6938-1185 jromine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6938-1185","contributorId":2823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romine","given":"Jason","email":"jromine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Benjamin, Joseph R. 0000-0003-3733-6838 jbenjamin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3733-6838","contributorId":3999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benjamin","given":"Joseph","email":"jbenjamin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Perry, Russell W. 0000-0003-4110-8619 rperry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4110-8619","contributorId":2820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Russell","email":"rperry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Casal, Lynne","contributorId":8362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casal","given":"Lynne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Connolly, Patrick J. 0000-0001-7365-7618 pconnolly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7365-7618","contributorId":2920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connolly","given":"Patrick J.","email":"pconnolly@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sauter, Sally S.","contributorId":27771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauter","given":"Sally S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70046777,"text":"sir20135070 - 2013 - Geohydrology, water quality, and simulation of groundwater flow in the stratified-drift aquifer system in Virgil Creek and Dryden Lake Valleys, Town of Dryden, Tompkins County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-11T08:55:33","indexId":"sir20135070","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5070","title":"Geohydrology, water quality, and simulation of groundwater flow in the stratified-drift aquifer system in Virgil Creek and Dryden Lake Valleys, Town of Dryden, Tompkins County, New York","docAbstract":"In 2002, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Tompkins County Planning Department and the Town of Dryden, New York, began a study of the stratified-drift aquifer system in the Virgil Creek and Dryden Lake Valleys in the Town of Dryden, Tompkins County. The study provided geohydrologic data needed by the town and county to develop a strategy to manage and protect their water resources. In this study area, three extensive confined sand and gravel aquifers (the upper, middle, and lower confined aquifers) compose the stratified-drift aquifer system. The Dryden Lake Valley is a glaciated valley oriented parallel to the direction of ice movement. Erosion by ice extensively widened and deepened the valley, truncated bedrock hillsides, and formed a nearly straight, U-shaped bedrock trough. The maximum thickness of the valley fill in the central part of the valley is about 400 feet (ft). The Virgil Creek Valley in the east part of the study area underwent less severe erosion by ice than the Dryden Lake Valley, and hence, it has a bedrock floor that is several hundred feet higher in altitude than that in the Dryden Lake Valley. The sources and amounts of recharge were difficult to identify in most areas because the confined aquifers are overlain by confining units. However, in the vicinity of the Virgil Creek Dam, the upper confined aquifer crops out at land surface in the floodplain of a gorge eroded by Virgil Creek, and this is where the aquifer receives large amounts of recharge from precipitation that directly falls over the aquifer and from seepage losses from Virgil Creek. The results of streamflow measurements made in Virgil Creek where it flows through the gorge indicated that the stream lost 1.2 cubic feet per second (ft3/s) or 0.78 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) of water in the reach extending from 220 ft downstream from the dam to 1,200 ft upstream from the dam. In the southern part of the study area, large amounts of recharge also replenish the stratified-drift aquifers at the Valley Heads Moraine, which consists of heterogeneous sediments including coarse-grained outwash and kame sediments, as well as zones containing till with a fine-grained matrix. In the southern part of the study area, the confining units are thin and likely to be discontinuous in some places, resulting in windows of permeable sediment, which can more readily transmit recharge from precipitation and from tributaries that lose water as they flow over the valley floor. In contrast, in the northern part of the study area, the confining units are thick, continuous, and comprise homogeneous fine-grained sediments that more effectively confine the aquifers than in the southern part of the study area. Most groundwater in the northern part of the study area discharges to the Village of Dryden municipal production wells, to the outlet to Dryden Lake, to Virgil Creek, and as groundwater underflow that exits the northern boundary of the study area. Most northward-flowing groundwater in the southern part of the study area discharges to Dryden Lake, to the inlet to Dryden Lake, and to homeowner, nonmunicipal community (a mobile home community and several apartments), and commercial wells. Most of this pumped water is returned to the groundwater system via septic systems. Most southward-flowing groundwater in the southern part of the study area discharges to the headwaters of Owego Creek and to agricultural wells; some flow also exits the southern boundary of the study area as groundwater underflow. The largest user of groundwater in the study area is the Village of Dryden. Water use in the village has approximately tripled between the early 1970s when withdrawals ranged between 18 and 30 million gallons per year (Mgal/yr) and from 2000 through 2008 when withdrawals ranged between 75 and 85 Mgal/yr. The estimated groundwater use by homeowners, nonmunicipal communities, and small commercial facilities outside the area supplied by the Village of Dryden municipal wells is estimated to be about 18.4 Mgal/yr. Most of this pumped water is returned to the groundwater system via septic systems. For this investigation, an aquifer test was conducted at the Village of Dryden production well TM 981 (finished in the middle confined aquifer at a well depth of 72 ft) at the Jay Street pumping station during June 19–21, 2007. The aquifer test consisted of pumping production well TM 981 at 104 gallons per minute over a 24-hour period. The drawdown in well TM 981 at the end of 24 hours of pumping was 19.2 ft. Results of the aquifer-test analysis for a partially penetrating well in a confined aquifer indicated that the transmissivity was 1,560 feet squared per day, and the horizontal hydraulic conductivity was 87 feet per day, based on a saturated thickness of 18 ft. During 2003–5, 14 surface-water samples were collected at 8 sites, including Virgil Creek, Dryden Lake outlet, and several tributaries. During 2003 through 2009, eight groundwater samples were collected from eight wells, including three municipal production wells, two test wells, and three domestic wells. Calcium dominates the cation composition, and bicarbonate dominates the anion composition in most groundwater and surface-water samples. None of the common inorganic constituents collected exceeded any Federal or State water-quality standards. Results from a three-dimensional, finite-difference groundwater-flow model were used to compute a water budget and to estimate the areal extent of the zone of groundwater contribution to the Village of Dryden municipal production wells. The model-computed water budget indicated that the sources of recharge to the confined aquifer system are precipitation that falls directly on the valley-fill sediments (40 percent of total recharge), stream leakage (35.5 percent), seepage from wetlands and ponds (12 percent), unchanneled runoff and groundwater inflow from the uplands (8.5 percent), and groundwater underflow into the eastern end of the model area (4 percent). Most groundwater discharges to surface-water bodies, including Dryden Lake (33 percent), streams (33 percent), and wetlands and ponds (10 percent of the total). In addition, some groundwater discharges as underflow out of the southern and northern ends of the model area (15 percent), to simulated pumping wells (4.5 percent), and to drains that represent seepage from the bluffs exposed in the gorge in the vicinity of the Virgil Creek Dam (4.5 percent). The areal extents of the zones of groundwater contribution for Village of Dryden municipal production wells TM 202 (Lake Road pump station, finished in the upper confined aquifer) and TM 981 (Jay Street pump station, finished in the middle confined aquifer) are 0.5 square mile (mi2) and 0.9 mi2, respectively. The areal extent of the zone of contribution to production well TM 202 extends 2.2 miles (mi) southeast into the Virgil Creek Valley, whereas production well TM 981 extends 3.8 mi south in the Dryden Lake Valley. The areal extent of the zone of contribution to production well TM1046 (South Street pump station) is 1.4 mi2 and extends 2.4 mi into Dryden Lake Valley and 0.5 mi into Virgil Creek Valley.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135070","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Town of Dryden and theTompkins County Planning Department","usgsCitation":"Miller, T.S., and Bugliosi, E.F., 2013, Geohydrology, water quality, and simulation of groundwater flow in the stratified-drift aquifer system in Virgil Creek and Dryden Lake Valleys, Town of Dryden, Tompkins County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5070, ix, 104 p.; Figures 8, 13, 18: 3 Sheets: 30 x 38 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135070.","productDescription":"ix, 104 p.; Figures 8, 13, 18: 3 Sheets: 30 x 38 inches","numberOfPages":"118","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274464,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135070.gif"},{"id":274461,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5070/pdf/sir2013-5070_miller_fig08_sheet.pdf","text":"Plate 08"},{"id":274462,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5070/pdf/sir2013-5070_miller_fig18_11x17.pdf","text":"Plate 18"},{"id":274459,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5070/"},{"id":274460,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5070/pdf/sir2013-5070_miller_508.pdf","text":"Report"},{"id":274463,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5070/pdf/sir2013-5070_miller_fig13_11x17.pdf","text":"Plate 13"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Tompkins County","city":"Dryden","otherGeospatial":"Virgil Creek Valley;Dryden Lake Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.314059,42.479558 ], [ -76.314059,42.50096 ], [ -76.286107,42.50096 ], [ -76.286107,42.479558 ], [ -76.314059,42.479558 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51d539d4e4b011afeb0c75c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Todd S. tsmiller@usgs.gov","contributorId":1190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Todd","email":"tsmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bugliosi, Edward F. ebuglios@usgs.gov","contributorId":1083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bugliosi","given":"Edward","email":"ebuglios@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70046776,"text":"tm6A42 - 2013 - Advective transport observations with MODPATH-OBS--documentation of the MODPATH observation process","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-03T10:08:43","indexId":"tm6A42","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"6-A42","title":"Advective transport observations with MODPATH-OBS--documentation of the MODPATH observation process","docAbstract":"The MODPATH-OBS computer program described in this report is designed to calculate simulated equivalents for observations related to advective groundwater transport that can be represented in a quantitative way by using simulated particle-tracking data. The simulated equivalents supported by MODPATH-OBS are (1) distance from a source location at a defined time, or proximity to an observed location; (2) time of travel from an initial location to defined locations, areas, or volumes of the simulated system; (3) concentrations used to simulate groundwater age; and (4) percentages of water derived from contributing source areas. Although particle tracking only simulates the advective component of conservative transport, effects of non-conservative processes such as retardation can be approximated through manipulation of the effective-porosity value used to calculate velocity based on the properties of selected conservative tracers. This program can also account for simple decay or production, but it cannot account for diffusion. Dispersion can be represented through direct simulation of subsurface heterogeneity and the use of many particles.\n\nMODPATH-OBS acts as a postprocessor to MODPATH, so that the sequence of model runs generally required is MODFLOW, MODPATH, and MODPATH-OBS. The version of MODFLOW and MODPATH that support the version of MODPATH-OBS presented in this report are MODFLOW-2005 or MODFLOW-LGR, and MODPATH-LGR. MODFLOW-LGR is derived from MODFLOW-2005, MODPATH 5, and MODPATH 6 and supports local grid refinement. MODPATH-LGR is derived from MODPATH 5. It supports the forward and backward tracking of particles through locally refined grids and provides the output needed for MODPATH_OBS. For a single grid and no observations, MODPATH-LGR results are equivalent to MODPATH 5. MODPATH-LGR and MODPATH-OBS simulations can use nearly all of the capabilities of MODFLOW-2005 and MODFLOW-LGR; for example, simulations may be steady-state, transient, or a combination. Though the program name MODPATH-OBS specifically refers to observations, the program also can be used to calculate model prediction of observations.\n\nMODPATH-OBS is primarily intended for use with separate programs that conduct sensitivity analysis, data needs assessment, parameter estimation, and uncertainty analysis, such as UCODE_2005, and PEST.\n\nIn many circumstances, refined grids in selected parts of a model are important to simulated hydraulics, detailed inflows and outflows, or other system characteristics. MODFLOW-LGR and MODPATH-LGR support accurate local grid refinement in which both mass (flows) and energy (head) are conserved across the local grid boundary. MODPATH-OBS is designed to take advantage of these capabilities. For example, particles tracked between a pumping well and a nearby stream, which are simulated poorly if a river and well are located in a single large grid cell, can be simulated with improved accuracy using a locally refined grid in MODFLOW-LGR, MODPATH-LGR, and MODPATH-OBS. The locally-refined-grid approach can provide more accurate simulated equivalents to observed transport between the well and the river.\n\nThe documentation presented here includes a brief discussion of previous work, description of the methods, and detailed descriptions of the required input files and how the output files are typically used.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Section A: Ground water in Book 6 Modeling Techniques","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm6A42","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy; This report is Chapter 42 of Section A: Ground water in Book 6 Modeling Techniques","usgsCitation":"Hanson, R.T., Kauffman, L., Hill, M.C., Dickinson, J., and Mehl, S., 2013, Advective transport observations with MODPATH-OBS--documentation of the MODPATH observation process: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 6-A42, viii, 96 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm6A42.","productDescription":"viii, 96 p.","numberOfPages":"108","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274458,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm6a42.jpg"},{"id":274456,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/06/a42/"},{"id":274457,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/06/a42/pdf/tm6-a42.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51d539cee4b011afeb0c75bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanson, R. T.","contributorId":91148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kauffman, L.K.","contributorId":76624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauffman","given":"L.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hill, M. C.","contributorId":48993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dickinson, J.E.","contributorId":28790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickinson","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mehl, S.W.","contributorId":84555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mehl","given":"S.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70046773,"text":"ofr20131148 - 2013 - Mercury bioaccumulation in fishes from subalpine lakes of the Wallowa-Whitman National Forest, northeastern Oregon and western Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-02T22:35:05","indexId":"ofr20131148","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1148","title":"Mercury bioaccumulation in fishes from subalpine lakes of the Wallowa-Whitman National Forest, northeastern Oregon and western Idaho","docAbstract":"Mercury (Hg) is a globally distributed pollutant that poses considerable risks to human and wildlife health. Over the past 150 years since the advent of the industrial revolution, approximately 80 percent of global emissions have come from anthropogenic sources, largely fossil fuel combustion. As a result, atmospheric deposition of Hg has increased by up to 4-fold above pre-industrial times. Because of their isolation, remote high-elevation lakes represent unique environments for evaluating the bioaccumulation of atmospherically deposited Hg through freshwater food webs, as well as for evaluating the relative importance of Hg loading versus landscape influences on Hg bioaccumulation. The increase in Hg deposition to these systems over the past century, coupled with their limited exposure to direct anthropogenic disturbance make them useful indicators for estimating how changes in Hg emissions may propagate to changes in Hg bioaccumulation and ecological risk. In this study, we evaluated Hg concentrations in fishes of high-elevation, sub-alpine lakes in the Wallowa-Whitman National Forest in northeastern Oregon and western Idaho. Our goals were to (1) assess the magnitude of Hg contamination in small-catchment lakes to evaluate the risk of atmospheric Hg to human and wildlife health, (2) quantify the spatial variability in fish Hg concentrations, and (3) determine the ecological, limnological, and landscape factors that are best correlated with fish total mercury (THg) concentrations in these systems. Across the 28 study lakes, mean THg concentrations of resident salmonid fishes varied as much as 18-fold among lakes. Importantly, our top statistical model explained 87 percent of the variability in fish THg concentrations among lakes with four key landscape and limnological variables— catchment conifer density (basal area of conifers within a lake’s catchment), lake surface area, aqueous dissolved sulfate, and dissolved organic carbon. The basal area of conifers within a lake’s catchment was by far the most important variable explaining fish THg concentrations, with an increase in THg concentrations of more than 400 percent across the forest density spectrum. Across all study lakes, fish THg concentrations ranged from 0.004 to 0.438 milligrams per kilogram wet weight (mg/kg ww). Only a single individual fish sample exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (USEPA) human health tissue residue criteria of 0.3 mg/kg ww. However, 54 percent of fish (N=177) exceeded the more stringent tissue residue criteria (0.04 mg/kg ww) adopted by the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality to better protect subsistence fishers. Additionally, 2 and 10 percent of fish exceeded levels associated with reduced common loon reproduction and behavior, respectively. Whereas 25 and 68 percent of fish sampled exceeded concentrations deemed protective of mink and kingfisher, respectively. These results suggest that THg concentrations may be present in these lakes at levels associated with ecological risk. It is important to note however, that accurate inference on potential impairment cannot be made within the context of this study design and further research is needed to better quantify these risks.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131148","usgsCitation":"Eagles-Smith, C.A., Herring, G., Johnson, B., and Graw, R., 2013, Mercury bioaccumulation in fishes from subalpine lakes of the Wallowa-Whitman National Forest, northeastern Oregon and western Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1148, v, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131148.","productDescription":"v, 38 p.","numberOfPages":"47","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274447,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131148.png"},{"id":274445,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1148/"},{"id":274446,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1148/pdf/ofr20131148.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon;Idaho","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.8,44.85 ], [ -117.8,46.0 ], [ -116.38,46.0 ], [ -116.38,44.85 ], [ -117.8,44.85 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51d3e859e4b09630fbdc525a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eagles-Smith, Collin A. 0000-0003-1329-5285 ceagles-smith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1329-5285","contributorId":505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eagles-Smith","given":"Collin","email":"ceagles-smith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herring, Garth 0000-0003-1106-4731 gherring@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1106-4731","contributorId":4403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herring","given":"Garth","email":"gherring@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Branden L. branden_johnson@usgs.gov","contributorId":4168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Branden L.","email":"branden_johnson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Graw, Rick","contributorId":77824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graw","given":"Rick","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70046764,"text":"sir20135126 - 2013 - Actual evapotranspiration modeling using the operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-31T16:21:40","indexId":"sir20135126","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5126","title":"Actual evapotranspiration modeling using the operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) approach","docAbstract":"Remote-sensing technology and surface-energy-balance methods can provide accurate and repeatable estimates of actual evapotranspiration (ETa) when used in combination with local weather datasets over irrigated lands. Estimates of ETa may be used to provide a consistent, accurate, and efficient approach for estimating regional water withdrawals for irrigation and associated consumptive use (CU), especially in arid cropland areas that require supplemental water due to insufficient natural supplies from rainfall, soil moisture, or groundwater. ETa in these areas is considered equivalent to CU, and represents the part of applied irrigation water that is evaporated and/or transpired, and is not available for immediate reuse. A recent U.S. Geological Survey study demonstrated the application of the remote-sensing-based Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) model to estimate 10-year average ETa at 1-kilometer resolution on national and regional scales, and compared those ETa values to the U.S. Geological Survey’s National Water-Use Information Program’s 1995 county estimates of CU. The operational version of the operational SSEB (SSEBop) method is now used to construct monthly, county-level ETa maps of the conterminous United States for the years 2000, 2005, and 2010. The performance of the SSEBop was evaluated using eddy covariance flux tower datasets compiled from 2005 datasets, and the results showed a strong linear relationship in different land cover types across diverse ecosystems in the conterminous United States (correlation coefficient [r] ranging from 0.75 to 0.95). For example, r for woody savannas (0.75), grassland (0.75), forest (0.82), cropland (0.84), shrub land (0.89), and urban (0.95). A comparison of the remote-sensing SSEBop method for estimating ETa and the Hamon temperature method for estimating potential ET (ETp) also was conducted, using regressions of all available county averages of ETa for 2005 and 2010, and yielded correlations of r = 0.60 and r = 0.71, respectively. Correlations generally are stronger in the Southeast where ETa is close to ETp. SSEBop ETa provides more spatial detail and accuracy in the Southwest where irrigation is practiced in a smaller proportion of the region.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135126","collaboration":"Groundwater Resources Program","usgsCitation":"Savoca, M.E., Senay, G., Maupin, M.A., Kenny, J., and Perry, C.A., 2013, Actual evapotranspiration modeling using the operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) approach: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5126, iv, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135126.","productDescription":"iv, 15 p.","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274426,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135126.jpg"},{"id":274424,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5126/"},{"id":274423,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5126/pdf/sir20135126.pdf"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.800,24.50000 ], [ -124.800,49.383333 ], [ -66.9500,49.383333 ], [ -66.9500,24.50000 ], [ -124.800,24.50000 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51d3e84fe4b09630fbdc5246","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savoca, Mark E. mesavoca@usgs.gov","contributorId":1961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savoca","given":"Mark","email":"mesavoca@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Senay, Gabriel B. 0000-0002-8810-8539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":66808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"Gabriel B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maupin, Molly A. 0000-0002-2695-5505 mamaupin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2695-5505","contributorId":951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maupin","given":"Molly","email":"mamaupin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kenny, Joan F.","contributorId":69132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kenny","given":"Joan F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Perry, Charles A. cperry@usgs.gov","contributorId":2093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Charles","email":"cperry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":480187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70046767,"text":"ofr20131143 - 2013 - U.S. Department of the Interior South Central Climate Science Center strategic science plan, 2013--18","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-10T15:59:10.669585","indexId":"ofr20131143","displayToPublicDate":"2013-07-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1143","title":"U.S. Department of the Interior South Central Climate Science Center strategic science plan, 2013--18","docAbstract":"The Department of the Interior (DOI) recognizes and embraces the unprecedented challenges of maintaining our Nation’s rich natural and cultural resources in the 21st century. The magnitude of these challenges demands that the conservation community work together to develop integrated adaptation and mitigation strategies that collectively address the impacts of climate change and other landscape-scale stressors. On September 14, 2009, DOI Secretary Ken Salazar signed Secretarial Order 3289 (amended February 22, 2010) entitled, “Addressing the Impacts of Climate Change on America’s Water, Land, and Other Natural and Cultural Resources.” The Order establishes the foundation for two partner-based conservation science entities to address these unprecedented challenges: Climate Science Centers (CSCs and Landscape Conservation Cooperatives (LCCs). CSCs and LCCs are the Department-wide approach for applying scientific tools to increase understanding of climate change and to coordinate an effective response to its impacts on tribes and the land, water, ocean, fish and wildlife, and cultural-heritage resources that DOI manages. Eight CSCs have been established and are managed through the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center (NCCWSC); each CSC works in close collaboration with their neighboring CSCs, as well as those across the Nation, to ensure the best and most efficient science is produced.\n\nThe South Central CSC was established in 2012 through a cooperative agreement with the University of Oklahoma, Texas Tech University, Louisiana State University, the Chickasaw Nation, the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma, Oklahoma State University, and NOAA’s Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Lab; hereafter termed the ”Consortium” of the South Central CSC. The Consortium has a broad expertise in the physical, biological, natural, and social sciences to address impacts of climate change on land, water, fish and wildlife, ocean, coastal, and cultural resources.\n\nThe South Central CSC will provide scientific information, tools, and techniques that managers and other parties interested in land, water, wildlife, and cultural resources can use to anticipate, monitor, and adapt to climate change, actively engaging LCCs and other partners in translating science into management decisions.\n\nThis document is the first Strategic Science Plan for the South Central CSC (2013-18). Using the January 2011 DOI guidance as a model, this document (1) describes the role and interactions of the South Central CSC among partners and stakeholders including Federal, State, and non-governmental organizations throughout the region; (2) describes a concept of what the center will provide to its partners; (3) defines a context for climate impacts in the south central United States; and (4) establishes the science priorities the center will address through research. Science priorities are currently organized as immediate or future research needs; however, this document is intended to be reevaluated and modified as partner needs change and as scientific work progresses.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131143","usgsCitation":"Winton, K.T., Dalton, M.S., and Shipp, A.A., 2013, U.S. Department of the Interior South Central Climate Science Center strategic science plan, 2013--18: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1143, vii, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131143.","productDescription":"vii, 24 p.","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-044291","costCenters":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":49157,"text":"Rocky Mountain Regional Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274435,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131143.gif"},{"id":274433,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1143/"},{"id":274434,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1143/pdf/ofr2013_1143.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51d3e85ae4b09630fbdc526a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winton, Kim T. kwinton@usgs.gov","contributorId":591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"Kim","email":"kwinton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":480194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dalton, Melinda S. 0000-0002-2929-5573 msdalton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2929-5573","contributorId":267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dalton","given":"Melinda","email":"msdalton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shipp, Allison A. 0000-0003-2927-8893 aashipp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2927-8893","contributorId":338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shipp","given":"Allison","email":"aashipp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":49157,"text":"Rocky Mountain Regional Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}