{"pageNumber":"6478","pageRowStart":"161925","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184904,"records":[{"id":70112278,"text":"70112278 - 1969 - Surveying the earth's resources from space","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-27T13:59:57","indexId":"70112278","displayToPublicDate":"1990-06-12T11:51:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3516,"text":"TRW Space Log","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surveying the earth's resources from space","docAbstract":"<p>During the past 4 years, scientists of the Geological Survey, in cooperation with NASA, have been investigating the feasibility and practicality of using remote-sensor data collected during conventional aircraft flights. This work is aimed at developing techniques for gathering facts about the earth's natural resources from satellites carrying sophisticated remote-sensing instruments. These experiments have vividly demonstrated our ability to study and assess natural resources from remotely-sensored data. Discussion of a few of these experiments will illustrate this point.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"TRW Systems Group","publisherLocation":"Redondo Beach, CA","usgsCitation":"Pecora, W.T., 1969, Surveying the earth's resources from space: TRW Space Log, v. 9, no. 1, p. 2-15.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2","endPage":"15","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288480,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"539acc58e4b0e83db6d0901f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pecora, William T.","contributorId":45167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pecora","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70112277,"text":"70112277 - 1969 - Satellite imagery of the earth","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-27T13:59:26","indexId":"70112277","displayToPublicDate":"1990-06-12T11:48:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3051,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Satellite imagery of the earth","docAbstract":"<p>Photography of the Earth from spacecraft has application to both atmospheric and Earth sciences. Gemini and Apollo photographs have furnished information on sea surface roughness, areas of potential upwelling and oceanic current systems. Regional geologic structures and geomorphologic features are also recorded in orbital photographs. Infrared satellite imagery provides meteorological and hydrological data and is potentially useful for locating fresh water springs along coastal areas, sources of geothermal power and volcanic activity. Ground and airborne surveys are being undertaken to create a basis for the interpretation of data obtained from future satellite systems.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Photogrammetry","publisherLocation":"Falls Church, VA","usgsCitation":"Merifield, P., Cronin, J., Foshee, L., Gawarecki, S., Neal, J., Stevenson, R.E., Stone, R., and Williams, R., 1969, Satellite imagery of the earth: Photogrammetric Engineering, v. 35, no. 7, p. 654-668.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"654","endPage":"668","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288479,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288478,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.asprs.org/Photogrammetric-Engineering-and-Remote-Sensing/PE-RS-Archive-Search-2009-and-earlier.html"}],"volume":"35","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"539acc14e4b0e83db6d08fdf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Merifield, P.M.","contributorId":69557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merifield","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cronin, J.","contributorId":51655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Foshee, L.L.","contributorId":94591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foshee","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gawarecki, S.J.","contributorId":103297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gawarecki","given":"S.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Neal, J.T.","contributorId":39550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neal","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stevenson, R. E.","contributorId":57772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevenson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stone, R.O.","contributorId":25467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"R.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Williams, R.S. Jr.","contributorId":46102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"R.S.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70112275,"text":"70112275 - 1969 - The geographic applications program of the U. S. Geological Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-27T13:58:42","indexId":"70112275","displayToPublicDate":"1990-06-12T11:43:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3051,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The geographic applications program of the U. S. Geological Survey","docAbstract":"<p>The fundamental objective of modern Geography is to improve man's level of living through a better understanding of man-environment inter actions. Related goals of the USGS program for applications of remote sensor data to Geographical research are: (1) the analysis and improvement of land use, with special emphasis on urban problems; and (2) more effective use of the total available energy budget, including insolation, mineral fuels, atomic energy, human resources, and mental energy, all of which are integrated into man-environment interactions. The collection of data through remote sensors in air craft and spacecraft is financed largely by funds from NASA, and is part of the much broader EROS Program of the Department of the Interior. Results to date have achieved much toward the identification of remote sensor signatures for Earth features and human activities, and toward evaluation of instruments for collecting essential information.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Photogrammetry","publisherLocation":"Falls Church, VA","usgsCitation":"Gerlach, A.C., 1969, The geographic applications program of the U. S. Geological Survey: Photogrammetric Engineering, v. 35, no. 1, p. 58-60.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"58","endPage":"60","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288477,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"539acc58e4b0e83db6d0902b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gerlach, Arch C.","contributorId":78249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerlach","given":"Arch","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70112274,"text":"70112274 - 1969 - EROS: investigations from space","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-27T13:57:13","indexId":"70112274","displayToPublicDate":"1990-06-12T11:40:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1865,"text":"Ground Water Resources Institute Quarterly","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"EROS: investigations from space","docAbstract":"<p>The Earth Resources Observation Satellite Program of the Geological Survey and NASA will enable earth-bound scientists to learn more about natural resources-particularly about ground water resources.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ground Water Resources Institute","publisherLocation":"Chicago, IL","usgsCitation":"Fischer, W., 1969, EROS: investigations from space: Ground Water Resources Institute Quarterly, v. 2, no. 1, p. 2-3.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"2","endPage":"3","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288475,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"539acbf1e4b0e83db6d08ef9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fischer, William A.","contributorId":47787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"William A.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":494607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70112273,"text":"70112273 - 1969 - Remote sensing devices useful","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-27T13:56:17","indexId":"70112273","displayToPublicDate":"1990-06-12T11:37:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3745,"text":"Western Mining News","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Remote sensing devices useful","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"Western Mining News","publisherLocation":"Spokane, WA","usgsCitation":"Campbell, A., 1969, Remote sensing devices useful: Western Mining News, v. 2, no. 3, p. 1-1.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"1","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288474,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"539acc11e4b0e83db6d08fd3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, A.B.","contributorId":22764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70164336,"text":"70164336 - 1969 - Finney County Basic Data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-07T13:21:44","indexId":"70164336","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":375,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Finney County Basic Data","docAbstract":"<p>This open-file report contains basic data on measurements and chemical analyses of ground water, logs of test holes, and summary information on selected logs for Finney County, Kans.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lawerence, KS","doi":"10.3133/70164336","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State Geological  Survey of Kansas, Kansas State Board of Agriculture, and Kansas State Department of Health","usgsCitation":"Meyer, W., Gutentag, E., and Lobmeyer, D., 1969, Finney County Basic Data: Open-File Report, 147 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70164336.","productDescription":"147 p.","numberOfPages":"147","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":316389,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70164336.jpg"},{"id":318656,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70164336/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","county":"Finney County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-100.6845,38.2627],[-100.2447,38.2606],[-100.2265,38.2609],[-100.2269,38.0007],[-100.6638,38.0005],[-100.6641,37.8296],[-100.6507,37.8285],[-100.6526,37.7364],[-101.0904,37.737],[-101.0895,37.8281],[-101.103,37.8297],[-101.1037,38.2636],[-100.6845,38.2627]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Finney\",\"state\":\"KS\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b08fcbe4b010e2af2a5d60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyer, W.R.","contributorId":81141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gutentag, E. D.","contributorId":70015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutentag","given":"E. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lobmeyer, D.H.","contributorId":106502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lobmeyer","given":"D.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70048641,"text":"70048641 - 1969 - Ground-water data as of 1967, Central Coastal Subregion, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-12T13:01:34","indexId":"70048641","displayToPublicDate":"1979-10-25T12:51:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"title":"Ground-water data as of 1967, Central Coastal Subregion, California","docAbstract":"<p>Most usable ground water in the predominantly mountainous Central Coastal Subregion occurs in alluvium-filled valleys and coastal plains and in deeper aquifers of Quaternary and Tertiary age. The intervening mountainous areas are underlain by consolidated sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks, mainly of Mesozoic age. These older rocks contain only small quantities of recoverable ground water and, therefore, are not considered a major source of ground water.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>In the Central Coastal Subregion, 24 basins have been identified as significant sources of ground water. The total area of the 24 basins is about 3,500 square miles. The water-bearing deposits range in thickness from about 200 to 4,000 feet. Depending on local conditions, recharge infiltrates at rates of less than 1½ feet per day to more than 10 feet per day in the upper part of alluvial fans and stream channels and at the outcrops of the deeper aquifers. The maximum measured depth to water in the water-bearing deposits is 568 ft. In several valleys there are flowing wells. </p>\n<br/>\n<p>Total storage capacity of 16 of the basins is more than 20,000,000 acre-feet . The usable storage capacity of 18 of the basins is more than 7,600,000 acre-feet; the limiting factors are sea-water intrusion and high pumping lift. Ground-water temperature ranges from about 55° to about 75°F . The dissolved-solids content of the water is generally less than 800 parts per million, but locally is more than 11,000 parts per million. The predominant water type is calcium bicarbonate, but sodium, magnesium, sulfate, and chloride are present locally in significant quantities. </p>\n<br/>\n<p>Properly constructed wells in some areas can yield 425 gallons per minute. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division","publisherLocation":"Menlo Park, CA","doi":"10.3133/70048641","usgsCitation":"Bader, J., 1969, Ground-water data as of 1967, Central Coastal Subregion, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report, iii, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70048641.","productDescription":"iii, 16 p.","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":629,"text":"Water Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278452,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70048641.jpg"},{"id":279569,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70048641/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.4976,34.0071 ], [ -122.4976,37.501 ], [ -118.9984,37.501 ], [ -118.9984,34.0071 ], [ -122.4976,34.0071 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"526b9306e4b058918d0acc0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bader, J. S.","contributorId":65830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bader","given":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70047681,"text":"70047681 - 1969 - A study of deep aquifers underlying coastal Orange County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-05T13:36:06","indexId":"70047681","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-24T11:11:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"A study of deep aquifers underlying coastal Orange County, California","docAbstract":"Deep untapped aquifers of late Pliocene age, which contain water having 1,000 to 2,000 milligrams per liter of dissolved solids, underlie most of the coastal part of Orange County. Inland from the Newport-Inglewood structural\nzone, the depth to the base of aquifers containing fresh water ranges from 1,000 to 2,500 feet below mean sea level. The aquifers are composed of fine to medium sand with locally occurring beds of coarse sand and gravel. Permeability generally ranges from less than 50 gallons per day per square foot to 300 gallons per day per square foot. Pressure head increases with depth of the aquifer to as much as 40 feet above land surface near the base of fresh water. The water is of the sodium bicarbonate type, increasing in salinity with depth. Organic material imparts an amber color to the water, which becomes more distinct with depth. A test well, drilled to 926 feet and perforated from 784 to 884 feet, yielded 1,950 gallons per minute with about 90 feet of drawdown. The water is of the sodium bicarbonate type with dissolved solids of 225 mg/1. Additional studies are needed to evaluate the possibilities of subsidence due to pumping from the deep aquifers, to determine the vertical and horizontal permeabilities of confining beds, and to monitor the changes in water quality and water level.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division","publisherLocation":"Menlo Park, CA","doi":"10.3133/70047681","usgsCitation":"Moreland, J.A., and Singer, J.A., 1969, A study of deep aquifers underlying coastal Orange County, California, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70047681.","productDescription":"27 p.","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":276749,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70047681.jpg"},{"id":278736,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70047681/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Orange County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.116536,33.386743 ], [ -118.116536,33.94763 ], [ -117.412767,33.94763 ], [ -117.412767,33.386743 ], [ -118.116536,33.386743 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52136e2fe4b0b08f446198ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moreland, Joe A.","contributorId":48171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moreland","given":"Joe","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Singer, John A.","contributorId":48976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5698,"text":"5698 - 1969 - Data for springs in the Colorado Desert area of California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:16:00","indexId":"5698","displayToPublicDate":"1970-01-01T13:18:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Data for springs in the Colorado Desert area of California","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey, Water Resources Division,","publisherLocation":"Menlo Park, California","doi":"10.3133/5698","collaboration":"USGS Library Call No.: \t (200) B455dc","usgsCitation":"Berkstresser, C.F., 1969, Data for springs in the Colorado Desert area of California, ii, 13 p. : map ; 27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/5698.","productDescription":"ii, 13 p. : map ; 27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":204226,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd7ae4b0c8380cd4e84d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berkstresser, Charles Floyd","contributorId":84063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berkstresser","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"Floyd","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70171367,"text":"70171367 - 1969 - Willamette River at Lambert Bend, Oregon, bridge-site report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-22T08:14:03","indexId":"70171367","displayToPublicDate":"1970-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":375,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Willamette River at Lambert Bend, Oregon, bridge-site report","docAbstract":"<p>The proposed crossing of the Willamette River at Lambert Bend involves a 2.3-mile-wide flood plain. Two of the three principal tangents of the crossing will include bridges that will span the main channel and an overflow channel of the river, as shown in figure 1, page 3. The Oregon State Highway Department wants to know what flow will result when the water-surface elevation upstream from the bridges is 100.0 feet (mean-sea-level datum). This design elevation will be referred to as Condition 1 in this report. Also required in Condition 1 is how much backwater is represented in the 100-foot elevation and how often did this flow occur before the river became regulated in 1941.</p>\n<p>The Highway Department also wants to know what flow could be expected from a flood event equal to that of December 1964, but regulated by three additional reservoirs that have been completed since 1964. This design discharge will be referred to as Condition 2 in this report. Also required in Condition 2 is the amount of backwater caused by the two constrictions and how often the design flood occurred before regulation began in 1941.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","doi":"10.3133/70171367","usgsCitation":"Harris, D., 1969, Willamette River at Lambert Bend, Oregon, bridge-site report: Open-File Report, i, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70171367.","productDescription":"i, 10 p.","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321833,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70171367.jpg"},{"id":324187,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70171367/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Lambert Bend, Willamette River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.04309844970705,\n              45.13143776767583\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.04309844970705,\n              45.19219964931452\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.99537658691406,\n              45.19219964931452\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.99537658691406,\n              45.13143776767583\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.04309844970705,\n              45.13143776767583\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57496fb7e4b07e28b665ccb6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harris, D.D.","contributorId":59002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70207123,"text":"70207123 - 1969 - Distribution of oxygen and carbon isotopes in fossils of late cretaceous age, western interior region of North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-07T16:56:11","indexId":"70207123","displayToPublicDate":"1969-12-31T16:52:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of oxygen and carbon isotopes in fossils of late cretaceous age, western interior region of North America","docAbstract":"<p><span>The oxygen isotope composition of both calcite and aragonite of the pelecypod Inoceramus is lighter than the composition of the aragonite of associated baculites and other cephalopods from the western interior region, the Gulf and Atlantic Coastal Plains, parts of Canada, and West Greenland. This difference cannot be explained by biotic and oceanographic factors or by postdepositional alteration of original isotopic compositions. Metabolic fractionation of oxygen isotopes by Inoceramus is strongly implied by the data and is not contradicted by what is known of the processes involved in the biologic deposition of shell carbonate. In addition, the oxygen isotope compositions of the inocerams and of some baculites are so light as to indicate temperatures greater than 30° C, which is too high for mollusks to tolerate. The unreasonable range of the indicated temperatures seems to be partly the result of metabolic fractionation of oxygen and partly the result of the Late Cretaceous sea in the western interior region having had a light oxygen isotope composition because of dilution with fresh water. The carbon isotope composition of the aragonite from Inoceramus is consistently heavier than that of the calcite in the same specimen by amounts ranging from 1 to 3 per mil. Metabolic fractionation of carbon isotopes within Inoceramus thus is indicated. The carbon isotope composition of the aragonite from baculites and other cephalopods is consistently lighter than that in either the aragonite or calcite in Inoceramus, indicating either that the cephalopods fractionated carbon isotopes from the dissolved carbonate in sea water differently than did inocerams or that the cephalopods utilized carbon of a different isotopic composition, probably from their food source, for their metabolic processes. While oxygen isotope data from the inocerams are not useful for paleotemperature interpretations, the oxygen isotope data from the baculites, if taken at face value, suggest either warmer temperatures for the western interior sea than around the periphery of Cretaceous North America, or water of oxygen isotope composition lighter than world oceans, or both. Data from British Columbia, southeastern Alaska, and West Greenland to the Gulf Coastal Plain do not indicate a well-developed latitudinal distribution of temperature in Late Cretaceous time. A general decline in temperatures during late Campanian and early Maestrichtian time is not evident. © 1969, The Geological Society of America, Inc.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1969)80[1903:DOOACI]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Tourtelot, H.A., and Rye, R., 1969, Distribution of oxygen and carbon isotopes in fossils of late cretaceous age, western interior region of North America: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 80, no. 10, p. 1903-1922, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1969)80[1903:DOOACI]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"20 p. ","startPage":"1903","endPage":"1922","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":370080,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tourtelot, H. A.","contributorId":79140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tourtelot","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rye, R.O.","contributorId":189158,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rye","given":"R.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70206928,"text":"70206928 - 1969 - Economic potential of the Red Sea heavy metal deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-27T16:47:35","indexId":"70206928","displayToPublicDate":"1969-12-31T16:42:15","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Economic potential of the Red Sea heavy metal deposits","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hot brines and recent heavy metal deposits in the Red Sea","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-3-662-28603-6","usgsCitation":"Bischoff, J.L., and Manheim, F.T., 1969, Economic potential of the Red Sea heavy metal deposits, chap. <i>of</i> Hot brines and recent heavy metal deposits in the Red Sea, p. 535-541, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-28603-6.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"535","endPage":"541","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":369759,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Red Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              43.2861328125,\n              12.425847783029134\n            ],\n            [\n              43.9013671875,\n              13.282718960896405\n            ],\n            [\n              42.978515625,\n              17.014767530557833\n            ],\n            [\n              39.90234375,\n              20.96143961409684\n            ],\n            [\n              39.287109375,\n              22.51255695405145\n            ],\n            [\n              37.5732421875,\n              24.607069137709683\n            ],\n            [\n              35.2001953125,\n              28.304380682962783\n            ],\n            [\n              33.486328125,\n              28.22697003891834\n            ],\n            [\n              33.35449218749999,\n              26.82407078047018\n            ],\n            [\n              34.98046875,\n              24.16680208530324\n            ],\n            [\n              35.419921875,\n              22.755920681486405\n            ],\n            [\n              36.7822265625,\n              21.616579336740603\n            ],\n            [\n              36.9140625,\n              19.02057711096681\n            ],\n            [\n              38.6279296875,\n              17.644022027872726\n            ],\n            [\n              38.97949218749999,\n              15.538375926292062\n            ],\n            [\n              40.3857421875,\n              14.604847155053898\n            ],\n            [\n              43.2861328125,\n              12.425847783029134\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bischoff, James L. jbischoff@usgs.gov","contributorId":1389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bischoff","given":"James","email":"jbischoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":776284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Manheim, Frank T. 0000-0003-4005-4524","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4005-4524","contributorId":20770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manheim","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70207466,"text":"70207466 - 1969 - Interstitial water studies on small core samples, Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 1","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-19T16:46:01","indexId":"70207466","displayToPublicDate":"1969-12-31T16:41:16","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1997,"text":"Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interstitial water studies on small core samples, Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 1","docAbstract":"<p><span>The most dramatic variations in pore water composition occurred in Holes 2 and 3 in the Gulf of Mexico. Both holes showed a strong increase in salinity with depth, evidently owing to diffusion from underlying salt bodies. However, on Challenger Knoll (Hole 2) a sharp drop in salinity was observed in the cap rock of the salt dome in which chloride fell to only 4.8 percent. The drop is attributed to production of fresh water during the formation of native sulfur. </span></p><p><span>Outside of the Gulf of Mexico, changes in total salinity with depth did not exceed a few percent, but differences in diagenetic modification of the ionic ratios of sea water were pronounced. In nondiapiric strata in the Gulf of Mexico (Hole 1) both magnesium and potassium were depleted in the pore waters, whereas in the open ocean holes (4, 5, 6, and 7), potassium appeared in excess. Water content (porosity) of the cores was irregular.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Science Foundation","doi":"10.2973/dsdp.proc.1.120.1969","usgsCitation":"Manheim, F.T., and Sayles, F., 1969, Interstitial water studies on small core samples, Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 1: Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, v. 1, p. 403-410, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.1.120.1969.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"403","endPage":"410","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488839,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.1.120.1969","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":370524,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manheim, Frank T. 0000-0003-4005-4524","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4005-4524","contributorId":20770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manheim","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sayles, F.L.","contributorId":77657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sayles","given":"F.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70207813,"text":"70207813 - 1969 - Glacial sedimentology of the Precambrian Gowganda Formation, Ontario, Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-14T13:55:15","indexId":"70207813","displayToPublicDate":"1969-12-31T13:52:06","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Glacial sedimentology of the Precambrian Gowganda Formation, Ontario, Canada","docAbstract":"<p>The Gowganda Formation is part of the thick Huronián sequence of Precambrian sedimentary rocks that crop out in central Ontario from Lake Superior to Quebec. Although it has long been considered to be glacial, recent work on submarine slump and turbidite deposits has reopened the question of its origin. This study was made to determine its origin and paleogeography.</p><p>Till-like conglomerates, varved argillites, and abundant dropstones characterize the Gowganda and provide strong evidence for a glacial origin. Pebble fabric parallel to regional paleocurrents, rare striated and grooved pavements, and abundant unweathered detritus are also in harmony with a glacial origin. Local thin-bedded sandstones contain flame structure, graded bedding, contorted bedding, and rippled tops, suggesting deposition by turbidity flows. Association of these sandstones with varved argillites and rafted stones indicates that Gowganda turbidites are glaciolacustrine.</p><p>Along the southern margin of the Gowganda, at Whitefish Falls, thick, laterally continuous till-like conglomerates contain internal stratification indicative of subaqueous deposition. Argillites that lack varved structure and associated silty limestones suggest a glacial marine environment.</p><p>In the Cobalt region the apparent long axes of pebbles in conglomerates show a predominant north-south alignment. In the Bruce Mines-Elliot Lake region, the orientation of the long axes of pebbles is more variable. Differences in orientation are related to stratigraphic position. Ripple cross-lamination in sandstones that are interbedded with argillite indicates south-trending paleocurrents. Distribution of varved argillite, silty limestone, and probable marine argillites suggests a northern fresh-water facies and a southern marine facies. Abundant plutonic pebbles and feldspar indicate that the Gowganda ice sheets eroded a northern plutonic terrane and deposited much of their sediment load on the underlying Huronian sediments to the south.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1969)80[1685:GSOTPG]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Lindsey, D.A., 1969, Glacial sedimentology of the Precambrian Gowganda Formation, Ontario, Canada: GSA Bulletin, v. 80, no. 9, p. 1685-1702, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1969)80[1685:GSOTPG]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1685","endPage":"1702","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371225,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","state":"Ontario","otherGeospatial":"Gowganda Formation","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -84.4189453125,\n              45.30580259943578\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.7275390625,\n              45.30580259943578\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.7275390625,\n              47.07012182383309\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.4189453125,\n              47.07012182383309\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.4189453125,\n              45.30580259943578\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"80","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindsey, David A. 0000-0002-9466-0899 dlindsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9466-0899","contributorId":773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsey","given":"David","email":"dlindsey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70207273,"text":"70207273 - 1969 - The relationship between fluids in some fresh alpine-type ultramafics and possible modern serpentinization, western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-15T13:35:58","indexId":"70207273","displayToPublicDate":"1969-12-31T13:35:23","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The relationship between fluids in some fresh alpine-type ultramafics and possible modern serpentinization, western United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>Calcium hydroxide waters issue from four partly serpentinized Alpine-type ultramafic bodies in the western United States. The occurrence of calcium-hydroxide-type water is restricted to fresh Alpine-type ultramafic rocks. The calcium hydroxide waters are unsaturated with Mg end-member olivine and pyroxene but supersaturated with Mg end-member brucite and serpentine and thus have chemical potentials to cause Serpentinization. The calcium hydroxide waters are isotopically similar to the common magnesium bicarbonate meteoric waters peculiar to ultramafic rocks and serpentinites. Some Serpentinization is apparently a near-surface phenomenon occurring at present. The Serpentinization takes place at nearly constant composition, except for loss of CaO. © 1969, The Geological Society of America, Inc.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1969)80[1947:TRBFIS]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Barnes, I., and O’Neil, J.R., 1969, The relationship between fluids in some fresh alpine-type ultramafics and possible modern serpentinization, western United States: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 80, no. 10, p. 1947-1960, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1969)80[1947:TRBFIS]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"14 p. ","startPage":"1947","endPage":"1960","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":370279,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnes, I.","contributorId":23678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Neil, J. R.","contributorId":111576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neil","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70207261,"text":"70207261 - 1969 - Longitudinal slope characteristics of rivers of the midcontinent and the Atlantic east gulf slopes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-15T08:04:53","indexId":"70207261","displayToPublicDate":"1969-12-31T08:01:04","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5334,"text":"International Association of Scientific Hydrology - Bulletin ","onlineIssn":"2150-3435","printIssn":"0262-6667","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Longitudinal slope characteristics of rivers of the midcontinent and the Atlantic east gulf slopes","docAbstract":"<p><span>This study of longitudinal stream profiles of rivers of the Midcontinent (rivers tributary to the Mississippi) and Atlantic and East Gulf Slopes has revealed five types of longitudinal profiles: (1) Overall concave-upward profiles with or without long constant slope segments; (2) convex upward, for example, the Missouri River has a profile that has a constant slope for its lower 560 miles and then is convex upward with constant slope segments to a point beyond the Yellowstone River junction; (3) concave-upward irregular, ungraded, low-gradient profiles (Ohio and Tennessee Rivers); (4) irregular unsegmented and steep profiles, such as shown by the Delaware and Savannah-Tugaloo Rivers; and (5) irregular ungraded, steep-gradient profiles that are concave-upward in the upstream reaches and downstream convex-upward, for example, on most of the Atlantic Slope and East Gulf Slope Rivers above the Fall Line. Constant slope profiles occur where the last type of rivers flow across relatively weak Coastal Plain sediments and also inland on the Coosa and Oostanaula-Conasauga Rivers. The profile characteristics of the Atlantic and East Gulf streams lend support to the hypothesis of multiple erosion cycles in the Appalachians. © 1969 Taylor &amp; Francis Group, LLC.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis Group","doi":"10.1080/02626666909493751","issn":"00206024","usgsCitation":"Carlston, C., 1969, Longitudinal slope characteristics of rivers of the midcontinent and the Atlantic east gulf slopes: International Association of Scientific Hydrology - Bulletin , v. 14, no. 4, p. 21-31, https://doi.org/10.1080/02626666909493751.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480297,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02626666909493751","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":370267,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carlston, C.W.","contributorId":26062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlston","given":"C.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70198176,"text":"70198176 - 1969 - Preliminary interpretations of lunar geology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-18T14:35:26","indexId":"70198176","displayToPublicDate":"1969-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesNumber":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration Special Paper 201","title":"Preliminary interpretations of lunar geology","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Analysis of Apollo 8 photography and visual observations","language":"English","publisher":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","usgsCitation":"Wilhelms, D., and Stuart-Alexander, D., 1969, Preliminary interpretations of lunar geology, 6 p.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"16","endPage":"21","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":355801,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilhelms, D.E.","contributorId":82302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilhelms","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stuart-Alexander, D.E.","contributorId":27948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuart-Alexander","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":740432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70197652,"text":"70197652 - 1969 - Late Mesozoic tectonic development of western California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-15T11:04:19","indexId":"70197652","displayToPublicDate":"1969-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1826,"text":"Geotectonics","onlineIssn":"1556-1976","printIssn":"0016-8521","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Mesozoic tectonic development of western California","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Bailey, E.H., and Blake, M.C., 1969, Late Mesozoic tectonic development of western California: Geotectonics, v. 3, no. 4, p. 225-230.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"225","endPage":"230","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":355071,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bailey, E. H.","contributorId":44509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":738078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blake, M. Clark Jr.","contributorId":56675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blake","given":"M.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"Clark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":738080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70011516,"text":"70011516 - 1969 - Shock and thermal metamorphism of basalt by nuclear explosion, Nevada test site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-03T17:49:21.96302","indexId":"70011516","displayToPublicDate":"1969-12-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shock and thermal metamorphism of basalt by nuclear explosion, Nevada test site","docAbstract":"Olivine trachybasalt metamorphosed by nuclear explosion is classified into categories of progressive metamorphism: (i) Weak. Plagioclase is microfractured, and augite cotainis fine twin lamellae. (ii) Moderate. Plagioclase is converted to glass, and mafic minerals show intragranular deformation (undulatory extinction, twin lamellae, and, possibly, deformation lamellae), but rock texture is preserved. (iii) Moderately strong. Plagioclase glass shows small-scale flow, mafic minerals are fractured and show intragranular deformation, and rocks contain tension fractures. (iv) Strong. Plagioclase glass is vesicular, augite is minutely fractured, and olivine is coarsely fragmented, shows mosaic extinction, distinctive lamellar structures, and is locally recrystallized. (v) Intense. Rocks are converted to inhomogeneous basaltic glass.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.166.3913.1615","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"James, O., 1969, Shock and thermal metamorphism of basalt by nuclear explosion, Nevada test site: Science, v. 166, no. 3913, p. 1615-1620, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.166.3913.1615.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1615","endPage":"1620","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221531,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Nevada test site","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -115.86148761030728,\n              36.28102420050834\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.86148761030728,\n              35.73549986999858\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.04699320065484,\n              35.73549986999858\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.04699320065484,\n              36.28102420050834\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.86148761030728,\n              36.28102420050834\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"166","issue":"3913","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8e7be4b08c986b318975","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"James, O.B.","contributorId":100526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"O.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70207551,"text":"70207551 - 1969 - Kilauea Volcano: The 1967-68 summit eruption","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-24T10:04:52","indexId":"70207551","displayToPublicDate":"1969-12-23T12:12:58","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Kilauea Volcano: The 1967-68 summit eruption","docAbstract":"<p>On 5 November 1967 Kilauea volcano began erupting lava from vents on the floor of its summit pit crater. Halemaumau, 170 meters deep. This eruption ended nearly 2 years of the quiescence that followed a short lived eruption on the east&nbsp; rift zone of Kilauea in December 1965 (1). The 1967-68 eruption was the first activity in Halemaumau since July 1961 (2). The eruption ceased on 13 July 1968 following 31 separate phases of fountaining separated by short periods of quiescence. Six weeks after the&nbsp; end of the summit eruption, a short eruption occurred on the upper east rift zone of Kilauea. As the article goes to press there have been four eruptions, all of the upper east rift zone. The last of the four began&nbsp; in May 1969 and have just completed its seventh phase. The article summarizes the eruption in Halemanumau and complements an article Fiske and Kinoshita on the deformation that preceded the eruption (3). The methods of study and the instrumentation used during the eruption are the same as those discussed in the earlier article. The locations of all seismographs tiltmeter stations and bench marks are shown in Fig. 1.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"AAAS","doi":"10.1126/science.166.3904.459","usgsCitation":"Kinoshita, W.T., Koyanagi, R.Y., Wright, T., and Fiske, R.S., 1969, Kilauea Volcano: The 1967-68 summit eruption: Science, v. 166, no. 3904, p. 459-468, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.166.3904.459.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"459","endPage":"468","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370651,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.36659240722656,\n              19.276146935787732\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.1372528076172,\n              19.276146935787732\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.1372528076172,\n              19.475655495911568\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.36659240722656,\n              19.475655495911568\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.36659240722656,\n              19.276146935787732\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"166","issue":"3904","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kinoshita, Willie Tomoni","contributorId":87148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinoshita","given":"Willie","email":"","middleInitial":"Tomoni","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koyanagi, R. Y.","contributorId":35719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koyanagi","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wright, Thomas L. twright@usgs.gov","contributorId":3890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Thomas L.","email":"twright@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fiske, Richard S.","contributorId":17984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fiske","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70206916,"text":"70206916 - 1969 - Experimental studies of pegmatite genesis: I. A model for the derivation and crystallization of granitic pegmatites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-26T17:36:33","indexId":"70206916","displayToPublicDate":"1969-12-01T17:30:08","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Experimental studies of pegmatite genesis: I. A model for the derivation and crystallization of granitic pegmatites","docAbstract":"<p><span>The genesis of granitic igneous pegmatites is here considered in terms of a model conceived from results of field and laboratory studies and subsequently tested by means of experimental investigations. This model emphasizes the roles of water (and/or other relatively volatile substances), both as a dissolved constituent in granitic magmas and as the dominant constituent of a separate fluid phase that is in the supercritical state under most conditions of pegmatite formation. Pegmatite magma, as distinguished by a content of dissolved water that is high relative to the limit of solubility under existing confining pressure, can be formed either through partial melting of crustal materials or as rest-liquid in a cooling igneous body yielding dominantly anhydrous crystalline phases. Such granitic magma can be expected to consolidate according to the following three-fold sequence: 1. Crystallization from hydrous silicate melt, yielding anhydrous solid phases with or without OH-bearing phases. The product is characterized by normal phaneritic textures that generafly are coarse grained. It has been termed pegmatite in some occurrences, and granite in others. 2. Crystallization concomitantly from silicate melt and from a coexisting exsolved aqueous fluid of considerably lower viscosity, yielding giant-textured pegmatite along with much finer-grained, even aplitic, mineral aggregates. Segregation of these products can vary enormously in scale and degree. Partitioning of constituents between melt and aqueous fluid, rapid diffusion of constituents through the aqueous phase, and gravitational rising of this fluid through the system contribute to formation of pods, zones, and other rock units of unusual composition and texture. 3. Crystallization in the absence of silicate melt, yielding a wide variety of late-stage products. These include so-called \"pocket minerals\" and numerous mineral aggregates formed through exchanges of material among aqueous fluid and earlier-formed crystal-line phases. Development of pegmatite bodies can begin with either Step 1 or Step 2, but it is suggested that the processes involved in Step 2 are essential to the formation of all true pegmatites of igneous origin. The appearance of a second fluid phase, in general a supercritical aqueous fluid derived from the crystallizing melt, is regarded as the decisive event; it is promptly followed by fundamental changes in distribution and texture of the solid phases being formed. The processes can operate effectively in a fully closed system, and they also can modify the surrounding rocks if the system is open at any stage. Step 1 can include reactions between magma and earlier-formed crystals, but far more rapid and extensive exchanges of materials are subsequently effected by processes included in Steps 2 and 3; indeed, such exchanges also can account satisfactorily for pegmatites of metamorphic origin. Crystallization of most granitic magmas in the absence of a separate aqueous phase probably would begin within the temperature range 1,300°-650 ° C, the specific liquidus temperature depending mainly upon the amounts of volatile constituents held in solution at the time. This compositional factor also would be important in controlling the stage of crystallization-late, intermediate, or early-at which a separate aqueous fluid would make its appearance. Depending upon confining pressure as dictated by geologic conditions for a given system, the stage in crystallization represented by the presence of both silicate melt and aqueous fluid could begin within about the same temperature range of 1.300°-650 ° C. Exhaustion of the melt could occur within range extending downward to temperatures of 600C or even somewhat lower. Textural and structural features appear to be the most reliable indicators of the stages and fundamental processes involved in crystallization of both natural and synthetic pegmatites. The contrasting processes of crystallization from one fluid and from more than one fluid can operate over such broad P-T-X ranges that simple genetic pegmatite classifications based largely upon \"key minerals,\" presumed temperature or pressure intervals, or the presence or absence of supercritical conditions appear to be somewhat unrealistic. © 1969 Society of Economic Geologists, Inc.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists ","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.64.8.843","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Jahns, R.H., and Burnham, C., 1969, Experimental studies of pegmatite genesis: I. A model for the derivation and crystallization of granitic pegmatites: Economic Geology, v. 64, no. 8, p. 843-864, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.64.8.843.","productDescription":"22 p. ","startPage":"843","endPage":"864","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":369688,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1969-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jahns, R. H.","contributorId":97961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jahns","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burnham, C.W.","contributorId":220937,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burnham","given":"C.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70223877,"text":"70223877 - 1969 - Mesozoic California and the underflow of Pacific mantle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-10T20:41:55.668543","indexId":"70223877","displayToPublicDate":"1969-12-01T15:32:51","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mesozoic California and the underflow of Pacific mantle","docAbstract":"<p>The Mesozoic evolution of California is interpreted as dominated by the underflow of oceanic mantle beneath the continental margin. Underflow during part of Late Cretaceous time of more than 2000 km of the eastern Pacific plate seems required by the marine magnetic data. Correspondingly, varied oceanic environments—abyssal hill, island arc, trench, oceanic crust, and upper mantle, perhaps also continental rise and abyssal plain—appear to be represented in the eugeosynclinal terranes of California. The rock juxtapositions accord with the concept that these materials were scraped off against the continent as the oceanic plate slid beneath it along Mesozoic Benioff seismic zones, which are now seen as serpentine belts separating profoundly different rock assemblages.</p><p>The chaotic Franciscan Formation of coastal California consists of deep-ocean Late Jurassic to Late Cretaceous sedimentary, volcanic, crustal, and mantle materials. As open-ocean abyssal oozes and the oceanic crust beneath them were swept into the Benioff-zone trench at the continental margin, they were covered by terrigenous clastic sediments, and the entire complex was carried beneath the correlative continental-shelf and continental-slope deposits (Great Valley sequence) and the older Mesozoic complexes.</p><p>The other eugeosynclinal terranes of California can be interpreted, albeit with less confidence, in similar terms of underflow of Pacific mantle. In the Klamath Mountains and northern Sierra Nevada, for example, Ordovician and Silurian ocean-floor materials, overlain by or juxtaposed against an Upper Silurian to Permian island arc, were swept in first to the continent, along with a large fragment of oceanic crust and mantle and another fragment of an old orogenic belt. This debris was followed by Permian and Triassic ocean-floor deposits. Late Triassic and Jurassic volcanic products from stocks and batholiths forming in the welded complexes lapped across both landward and oceanward sides of the region.</p><p>Reversal of Cenozoic extension, strike-slip faulting, and volcanic crustal growth in the western United States reveals a Cretaceous tectonic pattern strikingly like the modern pattern of the Andes, so the paleotectonic setting of North America can be inferred from the South American present. The Mesozoic batholiths of North America, like the late Cenozoic volcanic belt of the central Andes, are products of the same rapid motion of oceanic plates that carried oceanic sediments against the continent to form eugeosynclinal terranes. Magmas generated in the Benioff zones formed the batholiths and the volcanic fields which initially capped them.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1969)80[2409:MCATUO]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hamilton, W., 1969, Mesozoic California and the underflow of Pacific mantle: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 80, no. 12, p. 2409-2429, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1969)80[2409:MCATUO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"2409","endPage":"2429","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":389117,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"East Pacific Rise, Franciscan Formation, Klamath Mountains, North American continental plate, Pacific Ocean, Pacific plate, Sierra 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,{"id":70223868,"text":"70223868 - 1969 - U-Th-Pb chronology of zircons from the St. Kevin Granite, northern Sawatch Range, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-10T17:02:29.338194","indexId":"70223868","displayToPublicDate":"1969-12-01T11:46:13","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"U-Th-Pb chronology of zircons from the St. Kevin Granite, northern Sawatch Range, Colorado","docAbstract":"<p><span>Three samples of zircon from the St. Kevin Granite, northern Sawatch Range, Colorado, were analyzed for uranium, thorium, and lead content and for lead isotopic composition; the concentrated HNO</span><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;leaches of the zircons were similarly analyzed. The concordia age on the zircons was interpreted to be 1420 ± 40 m.y., an age in good agreement with a Rb-Sr whole-rock isochron age of 1470 m.y. (λ</span><sup>87</sup><span>Rb = 1.39 × 10</span><sup>−11</sup><span>&nbsp;yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>). The concordia age of the leaches was found to be greater by about 5 percent than that of the zircons, perhaps reflecting loss of intermediate daughters in the&nbsp;</span><sup>238</sup><span>U decay chain over an extended period of time. Geologic evidence indicates that the St. Kevin Granite formed in large part by local melting of crustal rocks similar to the present wall rocks. If so, xenocrysts of zircon may be present in the granite. Isotopic evidence that the zircons were derived from older rocks is not convincing; however, possible evidence for a xenocrystic component is found in the feet that Pb-Pb ages of two nearly concordant zircons differ by 1.9 percent, an amount that exceeds analytical uncertainty. In addition, the zircon sample that has the greatest Pb-Pb age (1440 m.y.) has a&nbsp;</span><sup>208</sup><span>Pb/</span><sup>232</sup><span>Th age of 1615 m.y.&nbsp;</span><sup>208</sup><span>Pb/</span><sup>232</sup><span>Th ages greater than Pb-Pb ages are unusual and may suggest a complicated history for the sample. This sample is not the one suspected as the most likely to contain xenocrysts of zircon because xenoliths are not abundant at the sample locality. The zircons, if they are xenocrysts, apparently were almost entirely recrystallized or else lost nearly all their lead to the melt by diffusion.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1969)80[2495:UCOZFT]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Doe, B.R., and Pearson, R.C., 1969, U-Th-Pb chronology of zircons from the St. Kevin Granite, northern Sawatch Range, Colorado: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 80, no. 12, p. 2495-2502, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1969)80[2495:UCOZFT]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2495","endPage":"2502","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":389071,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Sawatch Range, St. Kevin Granite","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.27349853515625,\n              39.231189398112065\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.63629150390624,\n              39.231189398112065\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.63629150390624,\n              39.84755795735592\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.27349853515625,\n              39.84755795735592\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.27349853515625,\n              39.231189398112065\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"80","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doe, Bruce R.","contributorId":87554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doe","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":823035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pearson, Robert C.","contributorId":83177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearson","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":823036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70224690,"text":"70224690 - 1969 - Toxicity of Zectran insecticide to several wildlife species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-01T16:50:44.964315","indexId":"70224690","displayToPublicDate":"1969-12-01T11:39:57","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2244,"text":"Journal of Economic Entomology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Toxicity of Zectran® insecticide to several wildlife species","title":"Toxicity of Zectran insecticide to several wildlife species","docAbstract":"<p class=\"chapter-para\">Zectran® (4-dimethylamino-3,5-xylyl methycarbamate), all insecticide proposed for control of spruce budworm,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Choristoneura fumiferana</i><span>&nbsp;</span>(Clemens), was tested against 16 species of pen-reared or captivity-acclimated animals to determine its toxicity and potential hazard to wildlife. The acute oral LD<sub>60</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>values in mg/kg were: lesser sandhill crane,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Grus canadensis canadensis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>L.., 1.0-4.5; Canada goose,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Branta canadensis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>L.., 2.64; mourning dove,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Zenaidura macroura</i><span>&nbsp;</span>L.., 2.83; mallard duck,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Anas platyrhyndura</i><span>&nbsp;</span>L.., 3.0; coturnix quail,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Coturnix coturnix japonica</i><span>&nbsp;</span>(Teminck &amp; Schlep get), 3.21; mallard duckling 4.2; ring-necked pheasant,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Phasianus colchicus</i><span>&nbsp;</span>L.., 4.5; house finch,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Garpodacus mexicanus</i><span>&nbsp;</span>(Müller), 4.76; chukar partridge,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Alectoris graeca</i><span>&nbsp;</span>(Meisner), 5.24; domestic pigeon,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Columba livia</i><span>&nbsp;</span>(Gmelin), 6.47; sharp-tailed grouse,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Pedioecetes phasianellus<span>&nbsp;</span>L.., 10.0; albino Sprague-Dawley rat, Rattus noruegicis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>(Fischer), 14.1; domestic goat,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Capra aegagnzs</i><span>&nbsp;</span>L., 15.0-30.0; mule deer,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Odocoileus hemionus</i><span>&nbsp;</span>(Rafinesque), 20.0-30.0; house (English) sparrow,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Passer domesticus</i><span>&nbsp;</span>1.., 50.4; and bullfrog,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Rana catesbeiana</i><span>&nbsp;</span>(Shaw), 283.0-800.0. In general, birds were more susceptible to single oral doses than mammals and reacted more quickly to intoxication and were more quickly affected. In both groups, the first easily recognized symptom of Zectran poisoning was an increase in the respiratory rate. Deaths appeared to occur from respiratory failure following tachypnea and Cheyne-Stokes respiration.</p><p class=\"chapter-para\">Zectran did not show any marked cumulative effect in subacute oral tests with mallards, chukars, and mule deer. The animals were able to tolerate up to about 40% of a single oral LD<sub>50</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>dose per day for 30 days, and there was some evidence of a low degree of acquired resistance. Zectran applied dermally to albino New Zealand rabbits,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Oryctolagus cuniculus</i><span>&nbsp;</span>(Lilljeborg), at 2000 mg/kg produced no discernible effects. The reproduction of chukars surviving repeated daily doses of Zectran was similar to that of controls.</p><p class=\"chapter-para\">Low application rates, rapid degradation, low dermal toxicity, and the low degree of cumulative toxic action indicate that little hazard to wildlife should result under field conditions, even though Zectran is highly toxic in acute oral tests.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Entomological Society of America","doi":"10.1093/jee/62.6.1307","usgsCitation":"Tucker, R.K., and Crabtree, D.G., 1969, Toxicity of Zectran insecticide to several wildlife species: Journal of Economic Entomology, v. 62, no. 6, p. 1307-1310, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/62.6.1307.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1307","endPage":"1310","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":390133,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1969-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tucker, Richard K.","contributorId":95536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tucker","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":824533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crabtree, D. Glen","contributorId":102542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crabtree","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Glen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":824534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70223865,"text":"70223865 - 1969 - The A. J. Collier Thrust Belt of the Seward Peninsula, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-10T16:42:59.928903","indexId":"70223865","displayToPublicDate":"1969-12-01T11:33:45","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The A. J. Collier Thrust Belt of the Seward Peninsula, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1969)80[2595:TAJCTB]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Sainsbury, C., 1969, The A. J. 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