{"pageNumber":"6484","pageRowStart":"162075","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184904,"records":[{"id":70207923,"text":"70207923 - 1969 - Volcanic substructure inferred from dredge samples and ocean-bottom photographs, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-20T12:52:06","indexId":"70207923","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-20T12:51:58","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volcanic substructure inferred from dredge samples and ocean-bottom photographs, Hawaii","docAbstract":"<p>Ocean-bottom photographs from 18 stations and dredge hauls from 35 stations adjacent to the Island of Hawaii indicate that basaltic pillow lava and pillow fragments are the dominant rock type on the crest and flanks of the submarine rift zone ridges, whereas glassy basalt sand and scoria are the dominant type on the submarine flanks of the volcanoes directly downslope from land. These relations indicate that three major rock units comprise different levels of the volcanoes depending on the site of eruption: (1) pillow lavas and pillow fragments are dominant below sea level and are erupted from deep-water vents; (2) hyaloclastite rocks (vitric explosion debris, littoral cone ash, and flow-foot breccias) mantle the pillowed base of the volcano, and are erupted from shallow-water vents, subaerial vents in water-soaked ground, or are produced where subaerial lava flows cross the shoreline; and (3) thin subaerial lava flows make up the visible, subaerial shield volcano, are built atop the clastic layer, and are erupted from subaerial vents. This three-fold structure is similar to the table mountains of Iceland that are built by eruption beneath glacial ice.</p><p>Large-scale slumping in the clastic layer may modify the submarine slopes of the volcanoes as well as produce faulting and downslope movement of parts of the overlying shield volcano. The slope change produced where the gentler shield meets the steeper pillowed pile can be recognized beneath sea level in the older volcanoes, where it has been submerged by regional subsidence.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1969)80[1191:VSIFDS]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Moore, J.G., and Fiske, R.S., 1969, Volcanic substructure inferred from dredge samples and ocean-bottom photographs, Hawaii: GSA Bulletin, v. 80, no. 7, p. 1191-1202, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1969)80[1191:VSIFDS]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1191","endPage":"1202","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371376,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.82733154296875,\n              18.781516724349704\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.654541015625,\n              18.781516724349704\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.654541015625,\n              20.017226126835062\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.82733154296875,\n              20.017226126835062\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.82733154296875,\n              18.781516724349704\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"80","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, James G. 0000-0002-7543-2401 jmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7543-2401","contributorId":2892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"James","email":"jmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fiske, Richard S.","contributorId":17984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fiske","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70010064,"text":"70010064 - 1969 - Geomagnetic reversals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-05T19:39:28.419795","indexId":"70010064","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geomagnetic reversals","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.163.3864.237","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Cox, A., 1969, Geomagnetic reversals: Science, v. 163, no. 3864, p. 237-245, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.163.3864.237.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"237","endPage":"245","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219209,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"163","issue":"3864","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2761e4b0c8380cd5982b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cox, A.","contributorId":89266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70224295,"text":"70224295 - 1969 - Stenothecoida, a proposed new class of Cambrian Mollusca","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-20T17:57:45.961422","indexId":"70224295","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-15T12:45:16","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2614,"text":"Lethaia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stenothecoida, a proposed new class of Cambrian Mollusca","docAbstract":"<p><i>Cambridium, Bagenovia</i>, and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Stenothecoides</i>, composing the Family Cambridiidae, a monotypic superfamily and an order, were in 1960 assigned (although with a query) to the molluscan class Monoplacophora. The basic error of this assignment, according to the author, was the assumption that these specimens are univalves. One specimen from Siberia and a second from Alaska demonstrate that<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Stenothecoides</i><span>&nbsp;</span>is bivalved;<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Bagenovia</i><span>&nbsp;</span>was first described as a bivalve, but the implication of two valves was ignored.</p><p>Short internal ridges normal to the shell margin in<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Cambridium</i><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Stenothecoides</i>, described by Rasetti and Horný, show little resemblance to features of pelecypod shells. These markings are not homologous to paired muscle scars of monoplacophorans. The asymmetric bivalved shell and internal furrows are interpreted as features of class-rank significance; the extinct class Stenothecoida is proposed to accommodate these genera. These animals are most common in Lower Cambrian, but range into Middle Cambrian. They may have been functionally similar to brachiopods, but were unable to compete with those more efficient bivalves.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","doi":"10.1111/j.1502-3931.1969.tb01250.x","usgsCitation":"Yochelson, E.L., 1969, Stenothecoida, a proposed new class of Cambrian Mollusca: Lethaia, v. 2, no. 1, p. 49-62, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3931.1969.tb01250.x.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"62","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":389483,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yochelson, Ellis L.","contributorId":90802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yochelson","given":"Ellis","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":823489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70010093,"text":"70010093 - 1969 - Species diversity: Benthonic foraminifera in western North Atlantic","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-05T19:53:21.016432","indexId":"70010093","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Species diversity: Benthonic foraminifera in western North Atlantic","docAbstract":"Maximum species diversity occurs at abyssal depths of greater than 2500 meters. Other diversity peaks occur at depths of 35 to 45 meters and 100 to 200 meters. The peak at 35 to 45 meters is due to species equitability, whereas the other two peaks correspond to an increase in the number of species.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.163.3862.72","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Buzas, M., and Gibson, T., 1969, Species diversity: Benthonic foraminifera in western North Atlantic: Science, v. 163, no. 3862, p. 72-75, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.163.3862.72.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"72","endPage":"75","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219593,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"163","issue":"3862","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b94fae4b08c986b31ace2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buzas, M.A.","contributorId":58018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buzas","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gibson, T. G.","contributorId":103702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibson","given":"T. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70203695,"text":"70203695 - 1969 - Floods in the Guayanilla-Yauco area, Puerto Rico","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70203695,"text":"70203695 - 1969 - Floods in the Guayanilla-Yauco area, Puerto Rico","indexId":"70203695","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"title":"Floods in the Guayanilla-Yauco area, Puerto Rico"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":68426,"text":"ha414 - 1971 - Floods in the Guayanilla-Yauco area, Puerto Rico","indexId":"ha414","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"title":"Floods in the Guayanilla-Yauco area, Puerto Rico"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":68426,"text":"ha414 - 1971 - Floods in the Guayanilla-Yauco area, Puerto Rico","indexId":"ha414","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"title":"Floods in the Guayanilla-Yauco area, Puerto Rico"},"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-04T15:19:40","indexId":"70203695","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T16:09:06","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":375,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Floods in the Guayanilla-Yauco area, Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"<p>This report is a compilation of data pertaining to floods in Rios Guayanilla and Yauco, based principally upon information obtained from residents in the study area. This information is a useful tool in making land-use and development decisions.</p><p>The Guayanilla and Yauco basins lie in the southwestern part of Puerto Rico. The streams flow southward from the rugged Cordillera Central and empty into Bahia de Guayanilla. The lower basins are devoted principally to the production of sugarcane and are subject to destructive floods. Details pertaining to basin features, flood frequency, flood profiles, and inundated areas are discussed by individual basins. All elevations given are in meters above mean sea level. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70203695","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Commonwealth of Puerto Rico Department of Public Works","usgsCitation":"Fields, F.K., 1969, Floods in the Guayanilla-Yauco area, Puerto Rico: Open-File Report, Report: 25 p.; 1 Plate: 27.73 x 38.48 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/70203695.","productDescription":"Report: 25 p.; 1 Plate: 27.73 x 38.48 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":364340,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70203695/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":364339,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70203695/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":364341,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70203695/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"20000","state":"Puerto Rico","otherGeospatial":"Guayanilla-Yauco area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -66.875,\n              17.91666667\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.75,\n              17.91666667\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.75,\n              18.08333333\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.875,\n              18.08333333\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.875,\n              17.91666667\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fields, Fred K.","contributorId":69981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fields","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":763661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70225581,"text":"70225581 - 1969 - Land subsidence due to withdrawal of fluids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-25T21:19:11.772626","indexId":"70225581","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T15:51:10","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Land subsidence due to withdrawal of fluids","docAbstract":"<p>Land-surface subsidence due to the withdrawal of fluids by man has become relatively common in the United States since 1940 and has been described at several other places throughout the world. This paper reviews the known examples of appreciable land subsidence caused by fluid withdrawal. Those related to exploitation of oil and gas fields include Goose Creek, Texas; Wilmington, California; Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela; Niigata, Japan; and the Po Delta in Italy. The areas of major subsidence related to ground-water withdrawal include areas in Japan; Mexico City, Mexico; and Texas, Arizona, Nevada, and California. The areas of greatest extent and maximum subsidence are in California.</p><p>The principles involved in the compaction of sediments and of aquifer systems, basically the increase in effective stress, are examined briefly, together with their application to subsidence problems involving head decline both under water table and confined conditions. The amount of compaction that a confined aquifer system will experience is a function of compressibility. Other factors that influence compaction (and, in part, compressibility) include particle size and shape, clay mineralogy, geochemistry of pore water in the clayey beds and of the water in contiguous aquifers, and secondary compression.</p><p>Land subsidence has caused great damage in some areas. At several of these places, subsidence problems are being alleviated in one or more of several ways; these include (1) cessation of withdrawal and (2) increase or restoration of reservoir pressure by reduction in production rate, artificial recharge, or repressuring by injection of water. The greatest subsidence control measures are being taken at Wilmington, California, where subsidence that had reached 27 feet at the center now is nearly stopped; in addition, significant rebound has occurred.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Reviews in Engineering Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/REG2-p187","usgsCitation":"Poland, J.F., and Davis, G.H., 1969, Land subsidence due to withdrawal of fluids, chap. <i>of</i> Reviews in Engineering Geology, v. 2, p. 187-269, https://doi.org/10.1130/REG2-p187.","productDescription":"92 p.","startPage":"187","endPage":"269","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":390925,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"England, Italy, Japan, Mexico, United States, Venezuela","state":"Arizona, California, Colorado, Georgia, Honshu, Nevada, Texas","city":"Denver, Eloy, Galveston, Houston, Las Vegas, London, Mexico City, Niigata, Osaka, Picacho, Savannah, Wilmington","otherGeospatial":"Goose Creek, Lake Maracaibo, Po Delta San Joaquin Valley, Santa Clara Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -96.492919921875,\n              28.810986808864513\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.4886474609375,\n              28.810986808864513\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.4886474609375,\n              31.83089906339438\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.492919921875,\n              31.83089906339438\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.492919921875,\n              28.810986808864513\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": 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George","contributorId":267948,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kiersch","given":"George","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":825672,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Poland, J. F.","contributorId":64223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":825669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, G. H.","contributorId":40963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":825670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70047460,"text":"70047460 - 1969 - Drilling and testing of well 340, Fort Wingate Army Depot, McKinley County, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-19T13:12:34","indexId":"70047460","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T15:29:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":375,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Drilling and testing of well 340, Fort Wingate Army Depot, McKinley County, New Mexico","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey was requested by Fort Wingate Army Depot to designate a well location, suggest construction and testing procedures, and provide continuing technical advice with respect to the drilling of a new production well. The location was determined during a brief preliminary study of the Depot's water supply which is summarized in a report transmitted to the Depot in April of 1968, and the Geological Survey's suggestions for construction and testing are contained in the specifications written by the Post Engineer at the Depot as part of the well-drilling contract. A representative of the the Geological Survey was present during most of the drilling and testing of the well.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Albuquerque, NM","doi":"10.3133/70047460","usgsCitation":"Shomaker, J.W., 1969, Drilling and testing of well 340, Fort Wingate Army Depot, McKinley County, New Mexico: Open-File Report, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70047460.","productDescription":"57 p.","numberOfPages":"56","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":277874,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70047460/report.pdf"},{"id":276136,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70047460/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","city":"Fort Wingate","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -108.637837,35.436334 ], [ -108.637837,35.527697 ], [ -108.52119,35.527697 ], [ -108.52119,35.436334 ], [ -108.637837,35.436334 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52021ae2e4b0e21cafa49c3c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shomaker, John W.","contributorId":42513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shomaker","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70225580,"text":"70225580 - 1969 - Land subsidence due to the application of water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-25T20:44:21.712534","indexId":"70225580","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T15:14:53","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Land subsidence due to the application of water","docAbstract":"<p>Loose, dry, low-density deposits that compact when they are wetted mantle extensive areas in North America, Europe, and Asia. This process, here referred to as hydrocompaction, has produced widespread subsidence of the land surface. Hydrocompaction may occur under natural overburden load or may occur only with the addition of a surcharge load.</p><p>Deposits that subside because of hydrocompaction are generally one of two types: (1) loose, moisture-deficient alluvial deposits; and (2) moisture-deficient loess and related eolian deposits. Such deposits occur in regions where seasonal rainfall seldom, if ever, is sufficient to penetrate below the root zone; thus, they have remained moisture deficient throughout their postdepositional history and are readily susceptible to hydrocompaction when they are artificially wetted.</p><p>Subsidence due to hydrocompaction is of serious concern in the design and maintenance of aqueducts, buildings, pipe lines, highways, and other major engineering structures. Damage usually can be minimized by precompacting the deposits before construction begins.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Reviews in Engineering Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/REG2-p271","usgsCitation":"Lofgren, B.E., 1969, Land subsidence due to the application of water, chap. <i>of</i> Reviews in Engineering Geology, v. 2, p. 271-303, https://doi.org/10.1130/REG2-p271.","productDescription":"38 p.","startPage":"271","endPage":"303","costCenters":[{"id":494,"text":"Office of Groundwater","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":390920,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Colorado, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, Utah, Washington, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Asia, Europe, Missouri River Basin, North America, San Joaquin Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.11352539062499,\n              46.88647742351024\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.0975341796875,\n              46.88647742351024\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.0975341796875,\n              48.07440873478364\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.11352539062499,\n              48.07440873478364\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.11352539062499,\n              46.88647742351024\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.4873046875,\n         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Elder","contributorId":52973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lofgren","given":"Ben","email":"","middleInitial":"Elder","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":825666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70225579,"text":"70225579 - 1969 - Geology and regional metamorphism of some high-grade cordierite gneisses, Front Range, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-25T20:11:16.590613","indexId":"70225579","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T14:57:36","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5985,"text":"Special Papers of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":15}},"title":"Geology and regional metamorphism of some high-grade cordierite gneisses, Front Range, Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>Cordierite is common in regional metamorphic gneisses of Precambrian age in the central part of the Front Range. It occurs in discontinuous stratigraphic units that are structurally a minor component, except locally, of the thick succession of biotite gneisses that comprise the widespread Idaho Springs Formation. The rocks have mineral assemblages, that are characteristic of the sillimanite grade of metamorphism.</p><p>The cordierite occurs in three principal rock types: (1) potassic feldspar-bearing cordierite-garnet-sillimanite-biotite gneiss, (2) cordierite-biotite gneiss, and (3) cordierite-gedrite-biotite gneiss; each type contains several characteristic mineral assemblages. The rock types are gradational and overlap in areal distribution, and mainly owe their diversity in mineralogy to differences in bulk chemical composition. The field relations are consistent with an interpretation that the diverse cordierite rocks were derived from original sedimentary rocks, largely pelitic sediments. The potassic feldspar-bearing cordierite-garnet gneisses were formed from shales that contained more MgO and FeO than the more abundant sedimentary facies that yielded sillimanitic biotite gneisses. Cordierite-gedrite-biotite gneisses contain much aluminum, iron, and magnesium and little sodium and potassium as compared to the other biotite gneisses; they have an extremely low content of minor elements. Although their chemical compositions are unlike those of known modern sediments, the cordierite-gedrite gneisses are considered also to have been derived from sedimentary rocks.</p><p>The physical properties and chemical compositions of the mineral phases vary somewhat from one rock type to another. Biotite varies systematically in composition, and the changes are closely related to rock type and thus to bulk composition; the MgO/FeO ratios range from 1.7 in the more mafic cordierite-gedrite rocks to 0.49 in potassic feldspar-bearing cordierite-garnet gneisses. Cordierite is magnesium-rich and intermediate in the range of composition of all analyzed cordierites (Leake, 1960); its MgO/FeO ratio is higher in the gedrite-bearing gneisses than in the potassic feldspar-bearing gneisses. The garnets consist dominantly of the almandine and pyrope molecules, and range from 64 to 75 percent almandine and from 14 to 27 pyrope. These crystals are zoned; their rims are slightly more ferrous and less magnesian than their cores. Both monoclinic and triclinic alkali feldspars coexist in the potassic feldspar-bearing cordierite-garnet gneisses. The potassic feldspars contain from 18 to 27 weight percent NaAlSi<sub>3</sub>O<sub>8</sub>. Plagioclase (oligoclase-andesine) is uncommon in the rocks. Gedrite has an MgO/FeO ratio ranging from 1 to 1.2. Associated minor minerals include iron oxides, andalusite, spinel and its alteration product högbomite, and corundum.</p><p>The mineral assemblages can be correlated imperfectly with episodes of deformation and metamorphism. Relict staurolite and associated garnet occur locally as remnants of an assemblage formed early in regional metamorphism, presumably early in the first period of deformation. The dominant assemblage biotite-cordierite-garnet-magnetite-plagioclase-potassic feldspar-quartz-sillimanite and associated assemblages having fewer phases, were formed during period one and period two deformations, the principal episodes of regional dynamothermal metamorphism in the central part of the Front Range. A minor assemblage andalusite-biotite-magnetite-plagioclase-quartz was formed later, possibly coincident with a third period of deformation, largely cataclastic in effects, which was more local than the earlier deformations and metamorphism.</p><p>Phase equilibria studies of the assemblage biotite-cordierite-garnet-magnetite-plagioclase-potassic feldspar-quartz-sillimanite and associated assemblages are interpreted to indicate that the cordierite assemblages approach a state of chemical equilibrium. The scatter of points in a distribution diagram can be interpreted in terms of at least two sets of equilibrium conditions that prevailed during the major plastic deformations. Other discrepancies indicating departure from a homogeneous equilibrium can be explained as a result of mosaic equilibrium involving limited diffusion of iron and magnesium for short distances.</p><p>The mineral assemblages and the compositions of the ferromagnesian minerals in the cordierite rocks of this region are dependent primarily on the bulk composition of the rocks and variations in the mineral species that comprise the rocks and, to a lesser degree, on the grade of metamorphism. Biotite and cordierite are markedly more magnesian in the more mafic cordierite-gedrite-biotite gneiss than in the potassic feldspar-bearing cordierite-garnet-sillimanite-biotite gneiss.</p><p>Associated microcline gneiss and biotite-sillimanite gneiss that contains muscovite as a primary stable mineral provides a means to define the metamorphic grade in the area of study. It is concluded from analyses of the assemblages with respect to theoretical phase relations in the system SiO<sub>2</sub>-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-Na<sub>2</sub>O-K<sub>2</sub>O-H<sub>2</sub>O that at least some of the rocks in the Central City-Nederland area are above the sillimanite-potassic feldspar isograd as defined by Evans and Guidotti (1966). In rocks of appropriate composition, muscovite is a stable phase in assemblages containing potassic feldspar and sillimanite.</p><p>The cordierite assemblages and associated rocks are inferred to have formed in an environment having a load pressure of 3–5 kilobars (fluid pressure equaled load pressure) and a temperature somewhat in excess of 620° C.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/SPE128","usgsCitation":"Gable, D.J., and Sims, P., 1969, Geology and regional metamorphism of some high-grade cordierite gneisses, Front Range, Colorado: Special Papers of the Geological Society of America, v. 128, 85 p., https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE128.","productDescription":"85 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"84","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480311,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/spe128","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":390908,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Front Range","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.512451171875,\n              38.59970036588819\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.612060546875,\n              38.59970036588819\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.612060546875,\n              41.017210578228436\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.512451171875,\n              41.017210578228436\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.512451171875,\n              38.59970036588819\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"128","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gable, Dolores J.","contributorId":52957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gable","given":"Dolores","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":825664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sims, Paul K.","contributorId":67852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sims","given":"Paul K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":825665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70225578,"text":"70225578 - 1969 - History of the Redwall Limestone of northern Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-21T18:01:35.023539","indexId":"70225578","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T14:27:35","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"title":"History of the Redwall Limestone of northern Arizona","docAbstract":"<p>Throughout most of northern Arizona the Redwall Limestone of Mississippian age is readily divisible into four lithologic units, designated in ascending order as the Whitmore Wash, Thunder Springs, Mooney Falls, and Horseshoe Mesa Members. The first and third members are thick-bedded to massive carbonate rock. The Horseshoe Mesa Member is relatively thin-bedded limestone, and the Thunder Springs Member is distinctive because it consists of chert beds alternating with thin beds of carbonate rock.</p><p>Trends in thickness of the various members indicate that the sediment that formed the Redwall was deposited on an even, gently sloping shelf that extended westward from the Defiance positive element, a low landmass located near the present eastern border of northern Arizona. The Peach Springs and Payson ridges projected west and southwest, respectively, from the positive element. These ridges, which were partly submerged and partly above sea level during Mississippian time, are indicated by the patterns of isopach lines and, in part, by the distribution of faunas. The ridges divided the Arizona section of the shelf into three segments: the northern-most, which slopes northwest toward the Cordilleran geosyncline, and the other two, which slope toward the south and southwest.</p><p>Two transgressions and two regressions of the western and southern seaways are believed to be represented by the Redwall. The first transgression, which is recorded by thick beds of clastic sediment of the Whitmore Wash Member, was less extensive than the second, which is recorded by massive beds of the Mooney Falls Member, for on the western margins of the Defiance positive element the Mooney Falls Member overlaps the two lower members. Furthermore, south of Grand Canyon the Whitmore Wash and Thunder Springs Members lap against the Payson ridge without covering it, whereas the Mooney Falls Member, although relatively thin, extends across it. Regression is believed to be represented by thin beds of the Thunder Springs and Horseshoe Mesa Members, which are interpreted to be the result of low base level caused by silting up with clastic material and consequent retreat of the sea.</p><p>Cycles in sedimentation are well developed in some parts of the Redwall, especially in the upper two members in which differences in grain size represent five major cycles recognized throughout the extent of the Grand Canyon. These textural differences, ranging from aphanitic to coarse grained, are considered to be not measures of the amount of transportation, as with terrigenous sediments, but reflections of the degree of turbulence or the lack of turbulence during deposition.</p><p>They are interpreted as indicators of cyclic fluctuations in environment, probably related to changes in wave base.</p><p>Several clearly defined facies within the Redwall indicate environments of deposition. The clastic limestone that forms a major part of the formation, especially in the offshore areas to the west and south, is believed to represent normal marine conditions where circulation was good and turbulence moderate to strong. Uniform finely crystalline dolomite probably developed through early diagenetic processes on the sea floor. On the basis of its distribution pattern the dolomite seems to have formed under shoal conditions, especially where it borders the shore of the Defiance positive element and along Peach Springs ridge. Oölitic limestone at the top of both major transgressive units is interpreted as reflecting the oscillatory conditions of sea level that provided wave and current agitation at times of maximum sea advance in shoal areas bordering the ridges. Aphanitic limestone, representing accumulations of lime mud, seems to be developed best in the uppermost, or Horseshoe Mesa, member, where, as the seas regressed, nearshore waters may have been isolated and certainly were very calm.</p><p>Original textures and some structures are preserved in most limestones of the Redwall, and they give much evidence concerning oceanographic factors of the time. Generalizations have been developed concerning the character of the bottom, degrees of energy represented, depth, salinity, and other factors for various parts of the formation. Although these factors differed greatly with time and space, the general conclusions reached are that (1) depths were very shallow to moderate, (2) the sea floor was composed nearly entirely of lime mud and lime sand, which contained no terrigeneous material but with great crinoidal accumulations locally, (3) turbulence ranged from considerable to none, and (4) the sea was clear and warm and nowhere contained saline concentrations sufficient to form evaporites.</p><p>Chert forming thin irregular beds, locally lenticular and nodular, occurs at two prinicpal positions in the stratigraphic section, and in each it alternates with thin beds of carbonate rock. Chert is prominent throughout the Thunder Springs Member and forms thin but definite zones near the top of the Mooney Falls Member. This chert is believed to have formed on the sea floor during early diagenesis, as evidenced by petrography, paleogeography, and faunal relations. Regional differences in the abundance and type of associated fossils, recorded on a series of 4-foot-square sample plots made throughout the Grand Canyon, suggest a probable relation between fossil distribution and genesis of the chert.</p><p>The fauna of the Redwall is abundant and varied, but preservation in many places is poor, and numerous specimens can be collected only locally. The most common fossils are brachiopods, corals, foraminifers, and crinoids, but blastoids, gastropods, cephalopods, and pelecypods are not rare. Bryozoans are abundant in the chert of the Thunder Springs Member but uncommon elsewhere. Other organisms locally distributed but not common are algae, trilobites, fish, holothurians, and ostracodes. These groups have been studied by specialists and are the subject of Chapters V through XIII.</p><p>Certain of the faunal groups, notably the corals and foraminifers, show some degree of vertical zoning and so have furnished important data on age and correlation. Among the corals, the zones of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Dorlodotia inconstans</i><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Michelinia expansa</i><span>&nbsp;</span>are especially significant because of their persistence from section to section across broad areas. The foraminiferal zones are broader and less sharply defined, but they represent a series of major changes in species from bottom to top of the formation.</p><p>Age determination made on the basis of foraminifers and brachiopods indicate that the base of the Redwall is progressively younger as it passes from areas that were offshore eastward or northward toward the Defiance positive element; the top of the Redwall, in contrast, is shown to be progressively younger away from the positive element. Thus basal beds of Kinderhook age are recognized at Grand Wash, Quartermaster, and Meriwitica Canyons to the northwest, but the lowest strata are of Osage age at Bridge Canyon, Grandview, and other sections closer to the landmass. Likewise, units with fossils of middle Meramec age occur in western Grand Canyon, but, except in the one place discussed in the following paragraph, topmost beds farther east in Grand Canyon are of Osage age. South of Grand Canyon the youngest member of the Redwall (Horseshoe Mesa) has been removed by pre-Supai Formation erosion.</p><p>Rocks still younger than the Horseshoe Mesa once may have covered the entire region, possibly representing a third sequence of transgression and regression. At Bright Angel trail in eastern Grand Canyon, for example, a unique unit at the top of the Redwall section contains fossils of Chester age and apparently represents a remnant of Late Mississippian rocks that survived as an inlier there.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/MEM114","usgsCitation":"McKee, E.D., and Gutschick, R.C., 1969, History of the Redwall Limestone of northern Arizona, v. 114, 700 p., https://doi.org/10.1130/MEM114.","productDescription":"700 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480312,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/mem114","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":390903,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.488525390625,\n              34.07996230865873\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.00634765625,\n              34.07086232376631\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.00634765625,\n              37.02886944696474\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.08203125,\n              37.020098201368114\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.10400390625,\n              36.32397712011264\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.2138671875,\n              36.06686213257888\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.3896484375,\n              36.24427318493909\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.774169921875,\n              36.10237644873644\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.7412109375,\n              35.567980458012094\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.7412109375,\n              35.40696093270201\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.63134765625001,\n              35.200744801724014\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.7412109375,\n              35.110921809704756\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.7412109375,\n              34.813803317113155\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.488525390625,\n              34.542762387234845\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.466552734375,\n              34.415973384481866\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.202880859375,\n              34.279914398549934\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.488525390625,\n              34.07996230865873\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"114","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKee, Edwin D.","contributorId":60207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"Edwin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":825662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gutschick, Raymond C.","contributorId":12054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutschick","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":825663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70200394,"text":"70200394 - 1969 - The linear decision rule in reservoir management and design: 1, Development of the stochastic model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-16T14:09:40","indexId":"70200394","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T14:09:28","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The linear decision rule in reservoir management and design: 1, Development of the stochastic model","docAbstract":"<p><span>With the aid of a linear decision rule, reservoir management and design problems often can be formulated as easily solved linear programing problems. The linear decision rule specifies the release during any period of reservoir operation as the difference between the storage at the beginning of the period and a decision parameter for the period. The decision parameters for the entire study horizon are determined by solving the linear programing problem. Problems may be formulated in either the deterministic or the stochastic environment.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/WR005i004p00767","usgsCitation":"Revelle, C., Joeres, E., and Kirby, W.H., 1969, The linear decision rule in reservoir management and design: 1, Development of the stochastic model: Water Resources Research, v. 5, no. 4, p. 767-777, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR005i004p00767.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"767","endPage":"777","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358403,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Revelle, Charles","contributorId":209744,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Revelle","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Joeres, Erhard","contributorId":209745,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Joeres","given":"Erhard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kirby, William H.","contributorId":7294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70225511,"text":"70225511 - 1969 - DDT on balance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-18T19:19:41.370125","indexId":"70225511","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T13:56:04","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1522,"text":"Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"DDT on balance","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00139157.1969.9929519","usgsCitation":"Conway, G., Dahlsten, D.L., Haskell, P., Herman, S., Kok, L.T., Newsom, L.D., Peakall, D.B., Peterle, T.J., Risebrough, R.W., Rivnay, E., Rudd, R.D., Smith, R.F., Stickel, L.F., and van den Bosch, R., 1969, DDT on balance: Environment, v. 11, no. 7, p. 2-5, https://doi.org/10.1080/00139157.1969.9929519.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"2","endPage":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":390623,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conway, Gordon","contributorId":267833,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Conway","given":"Gordon","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16975,"text":"University of California Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":825365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dahlsten, Donald L.","contributorId":99076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dahlsten","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":825366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haskell, Peter","contributorId":267834,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haskell","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":825367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Herman, Steve","contributorId":267835,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Herman","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16975,"text":"University of California Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":825368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kok, L. T.","contributorId":267836,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kok","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":7122,"text":"University of Wisconsin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":825369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Newsom, L. Dale","contributorId":267837,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Newsom","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"Dale","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":825370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Peakall, David B.","contributorId":48263,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peakall","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":825371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Peterle, Tony J.","contributorId":267838,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterle","given":"Tony","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36630,"text":"Ohio State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":825372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Risebrough, Robert W.","contributorId":50402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risebrough","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":825373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Rivnay, E.","contributorId":267839,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rivnay","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":825374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Rudd, Robert Dean","contributorId":65854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rudd","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"Dean","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":825375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Smith, Ray F.","contributorId":267840,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Ray","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":13243,"text":"University of California Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":825376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Stickel, Lucille F.","contributorId":76598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stickel","given":"Lucille","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":825377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"van den Bosch, Robert","contributorId":267841,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"van den Bosch","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13243,"text":"University of California Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":825378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}}
,{"id":70110384,"text":"wdrIN681 - 1969 - Water resources data for Indiana, 1968","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-11T09:54:21","indexId":"wdrIN681","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T13:43:22","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"IN-68-1","title":"Water resources data for Indiana, 1968","docAbstract":"<p>The surface-water records for the 1968 water year for gaging stations, partial-record stations, and miscellaneous sties within the State of Indiana are given in this report. For convenience there are also included records for a few pertinent gaging stations in bordering States.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Water-resources investigations of the U.S. Geological Survey include the collection of water quality data on the chemical and physical characteristics of surface- and ground-water supplies of the Nation. These data for the 1968 water year for the quality of surface water in Indiana are presented in this report.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrIN681","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Indiana Department of Natural Resources; Indiana State Board of Health; Indiana State Highway Commission; Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1969, Water resources data for Indiana, 1968: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report IN-68-1, viii, 269 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrIN681.","productDescription":"viii, 269 p.","numberOfPages":"278","temporalStart":"1967-10-01","temporalEnd":"1968-09-30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288280,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288279,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1968/in-68-1/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.0979,37.7717 ], [ -88.0979,41.7607 ], [ -84.7847,41.7607 ], [ -84.7847,37.7717 ], [ -88.0979,37.7717 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"538052ebe4b0826cd5016a6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70039379,"text":"70039379 - 1969 - Safety and survival in an earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-04T01:01:57","indexId":"70039379","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T12:50:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":362,"text":"General Information Product","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Safety and survival in an earthquake","docAbstract":"Many earth scientists in this country and abroad are focusing their studies on the search for means of predicting impending earthquakes, but, as yet, an accurate prediction of the time and place of such an event cannot be made. From past experience, however, one can assume that earthquakes will continue to harass mankind and that they will occur most frequently in the areas where they have been relatively common in the past. In the United States, earthquakes can be expected to occur most frequently in the western states, particularly in Alaska, California, Washington, Oregon, Nevada, Utah, and Montana. The danger, however, is not confined to any one part of the country; major earthquakes have occurred at widely scattered locations.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/70039379","collaboration":"Prepared in Cooperation with the Office of Emergency Preparedness","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1969, Safety and survival in an earthquake: General Information Product, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70039379.","productDescription":"11 p.","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":261520,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/70039379/report.pdf"},{"id":261521,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/70039379/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aafb9e4b0c8380cd87758","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70227070,"text":"70227070 - 1969 - Television observations from Surveyor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-28T18:36:46.975472","indexId":"70227070","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T12:19:10","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Television observations from Surveyor","docAbstract":"<p>Five successful Surveyor spacecraft landed on the Moon between June 1966 and January 1968 and returned over 87,000 pictures from the lunar surface. Surveyors I, III, V, and VI landed on mare surfaces; Surveyor VII landed in the southern highlands on the flank of the crater Tycho, the youngest, large bright-ray crater on the Moon.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Surveyor Program results","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","usgsCitation":"Shoemaker, E.M., Morris, E.C., Batson, R.M., Holt, H.E., Larson, K.B., Montgomery, D.R., Rennilson, J.J., and Whitaker, E.A., 1969, Television observations from Surveyor, chap. <i>of</i> Surveyor Program results, p. 19-128.","productDescription":"NASA SP-184, 110 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"128","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":393531,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":393530,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19690027073/downloads/19690027073.pdf","size":"241 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"otherGeospatial":"Lunar maria, Moon, Tycho crater","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"Office of Space Science and Applications","contributorId":270346,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Office of Space Science and Applications","id":829512,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Shoemaker, Eugene Merle","contributorId":20342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shoemaker","given":"Eugene","email":"","middleInitial":"Merle","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morris, E. C.","contributorId":84381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Batson, R. M.","contributorId":76714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Holt, H. E.","contributorId":64694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holt","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Larson, Kathleen B.","contributorId":25171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Montgomery, D. R.","contributorId":41582,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Montgomery","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rennilson, J. J.","contributorId":107336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rennilson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Whitaker, E. A.","contributorId":43086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitaker","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70007041,"text":"70007041 - 1969 - Effects of toxicants on community metabolism in pools","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-02T17:16:14","indexId":"70007041","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T12:03:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of toxicants on community metabolism in pools","docAbstract":"Estimates of community metabolism of simulated natural environments were dcrivcd by diel oxygen techniques over a period of nine months. During this time, toxicants were added to some of the pools. \"Natural\" environmental factors and toxicants that did not affect the communities (0.02 mg/liter <i>p,p'</i> DDT; 0.1 mg/liter antimycin A; and 9.2 mg/liter KMnO,I) usually resulted in simultaneous changes, up or down, in both community photosynthesis and respiration. Concentrations (mg/liter) of 0.9 and 2.6 formalin, 10.0 nigrosine black, 10.0 and 2.0 malachite green, 0.1 Diquat, and 0,.5 and 5.0 CUSO.~ usually tlcprcsscd community oxygen production and increased community respiration for periods of 1 to 20 weeks.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Limnology and Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Limnology and Oceanography (ASLO)","publisherLocation":"Waco, TX","doi":"10.4319/lo.1969.14.1.0053","collaboration":"None","usgsCitation":"Whitworth, W.R., and Lane, T.H., 1969, Effects of toxicants on community metabolism in pools: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 14, no. 1, p. 53-58, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1969.14.1.0053.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"58","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480313,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1969.14.1.0053","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":262209,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262202,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.1969.14.1.0053"}],"volume":"14","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50db5021e4b061270600a2b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whitworth, Walter R.","contributorId":39637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitworth","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lane, Thomas H.","contributorId":21205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70260854,"text":"70260854 - 1969 - Floods of January and February 1969 in central and southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-24T18:12:43.395336","indexId":"70260854","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T11:46:31","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":375,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Floods of January and February 1969 in central and southern California","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70260854","usgsCitation":"Waananen, A., 1969, Floods of January and February 1969 in central and southern California: Open-File Report, vii, 233 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70260854.","productDescription":"vii, 233 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,{"id":38,"text":"38 - 1969 - Estimated ground-water pumpage in parts of the San Joaquin Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-04T11:47:51","indexId":"38","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T11:46:14","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Estimated ground-water pumpage in parts of the San Joaquin Valley, California","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior","publisherLocation":"Menlo Park, CA","doi":"10.3133/38","usgsCitation":"Mitten, H.T., 1969, Estimated ground-water pumpage in parts of the San Joaquin Valley, California, 1 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/38.","productDescription":"1 p.","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291600,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.8438,35.0589 ], [ -121.8438,38.1663 ], [ -118.6734,38.1663 ], [ -118.6734,35.0589 ], [ -121.8438,35.0589 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53e09e4ee4b0beb42bdca3d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mitten, Hugh T.","contributorId":103652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitten","given":"Hugh","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":141858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70224277,"text":"70224277 - 1969 - Modern coastal mangrove swamp stratigraphy and the ideal cyclothem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-17T16:39:33.710762","indexId":"70224277","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T11:26:07","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5614,"text":"Special Papers of the Geological Society of America","printIssn":"0072-1077","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"title":"Modern coastal mangrove swamp stratigraphy and the ideal cyclothem","docAbstract":"<p>The general stratigraphy of the “ideal” cyclothem of Late Paleozoic age can be recognized in a modern succession of sedimentary units underlying the coastal mangrove swamps of southwestern Florida. Because coal deposition is associated with the formation of cyclothems, this stratigraphic similarity has geologic importance with respect to coal formation.</p><p>The lower part of the succession in Florida consists of nonmarine sediments, the middle part of brackish-water or fresh-water mangrove peat, and the upper part of brackish-water and marine units. This sequence of sediments records a relative rise in sea level. In comparison, the lower part of the ideal cyclothem consists basically of nonmarine units, the central sedimentary member is coal, and the upper units are brackish-water and marine sediments.</p><p>The ideal cyclothem is thought to have formed in part in a deltaic environment and to record a periodic fluctuation in terrigenous sediment supply and a relative rise in sea level. In contrast, southwestern Florida has essentially no deltas, as most of its paralic sediments are derived from coastal sources. In view of this, the stratigraphic similarity noted above must reflect a partial duplication of sedimentary environments brought about by a relative rise in sea level across a low coastal platform supporting peat-depositing paralic and fresh-water swamps and forests. This conclusion tends to support the point of view that the coal member of some cyclothems formed in a swampy environment penecontemporaneously with a relative rise in sea level. The coal member, therefore, is in part a transgressive unit.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environments of coal deposition: Papers presented at a symposium by the coal geology division of the Geological Society of America at the annual meeting Miami Beach, Florida, 1964","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/SPE114-p37","usgsCitation":"Scholl, D.W., 1969, Modern coastal mangrove swamp stratigraphy and the ideal cyclothem, chap. <i>of</i> Environments of coal deposition: Papers presented at a symposium by the coal geology division of the Geological Society of America at the annual meeting Miami Beach, Florida, 1964: Special Papers of the Geological Society of America, v. 114, p. 37-62, https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE114-p37.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"37","endPage":"62","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":389404,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -83.07861328125,\n              29.180941290001776\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.97973632812499,\n              27.72243591897343\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.27685546875,\n              24.946219074360084\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.100830078125,\n              24.597080137096412\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.771240234375,\n              24.297040469311558\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.233154296875,\n              25.005972656239187\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.5732421875,\n              29.34387539941801\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.07861328125,\n              29.180941290001776\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"114","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1969-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Dapples, Edward C.","contributorId":265809,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dapples","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":823438,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hopkins, M. E.","contributorId":265810,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hopkins","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":823439,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Scholl, David W. 0000-0001-6500-6962 dscholl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6500-6962","contributorId":3738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"David","email":"dscholl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":823437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70231226,"text":"70231226 - 1969 - Geology of the Valley and Ridge Province between Delaware Water Gap and Lehigh Gap, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-03T16:22:58.747918","indexId":"70231226","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T11:17:53","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Geology of the Valley and Ridge Province between Delaware Water Gap and Lehigh Gap, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology of selected areas in New Jersey and eastern Pennsylvania and guidebook of excursions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Rutgers University Press","usgsCitation":"Epstein, J.B., and Epstein, A.G., 1969, Geology of the Valley and Ridge Province between Delaware Water Gap and Lehigh Gap, Pennsylvania, <i>in</i> Geology of selected areas in New Jersey and eastern Pennsylvania and guidebook of excursions, p. 132-205.","productDescription":"74 p.","startPage":"132","endPage":"205","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":400066,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Valley and Ridge Province","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.77432250976562,\n              41.28606238749825\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.87045288085938,\n              41.31185540579858\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.19729614257812,\n              40.94567638358319\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.091552734375,\n              40.91558813293605\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.77432250976562,\n              41.28606238749825\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Epstein, Jack B. jepstein@usgs.gov","contributorId":1412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Epstein","given":"Jack","email":"jepstein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":842090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Epstein, Anita G.","contributorId":47360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Epstein","given":"Anita","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70224599,"text":"70224599 - 1969 - Recognition and significance of pumice in marine pyroclastic rocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-29T16:31:23.618709","indexId":"70224599","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T11:12:41","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recognition and significance of pumice in marine pyroclastic rocks","docAbstract":"<p>Pumice is abundant in many ancient sequences of marine pyroclastic rocks and is regarded as important evidence that contemporaneous, or nearly contemporaneous, volcanic activity was the source of at least some of the fragmental debris. The pumice in many such sequences of rocks, however, is easily overlooked, chiefly because most marine pyroclastic rocks have been altered or metamorphosed to varying degrees, masking or obliterating the delicate cellular structures of the original pumiceous material. With care, however, and with the knowledge that pumice-rich rocks commonly occur toward the top of thick, vertically graded beds of lapilli tuff and tuff breccia, the elusive pumiceous fraction of most sequences of rocks can generally be recognized.</p><p>Hand-lens examination of wetted specimens in the field will usually reveal the wispy and ragged outlines of some of the pumice that is present. More detail can be seen in thick sections and in conventional thin sections of pumiceous rocks. In general, the pumice in more altered and metamorphosed rocks can be seen by careful examination of hand specimens or thick sections; the pumice in relatively unaltered rocks can best be seen in thin section.</p><p>Examples of pumice-rich rocks from the Precambrian of Arizona, the Cretaceous of Puerto Rico, and the Tertiary of Japan are described and illustrated.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1969)80[1:RASOPI]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Fiske, R.S., 1969, Recognition and significance of pumice in marine pyroclastic rocks: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 80, no. 1, p. 1-8, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1969)80[1:RASOPI]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":389965,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Japan, Puerto Rico, United States","state":"Arizona","city":"Gurabo, Izu, Jerome, Odate","otherGeospatial":"Grapevine Gulch Formation, Osawa Formation, Shirahama Formation, Tanzawa Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.576904296875,\n              34.28445325435288\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.66778564453125,\n              34.28445325435288\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.66778564453125,\n              35.03899204678081\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.576904296875,\n              35.03899204678081\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.576904296875,\n              34.28445325435288\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -66.04534149169922,\n              18.16607799054018\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.87882995605469,\n              18.16607799054018\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.87882995605469,\n              18.31900350555467\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.04534149169922,\n              18.31900350555467\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.04534149169922,\n              18.16607799054018\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              138.636474609375,\n              35.092945313732635\n            ],\n            [\n              138.636474609375,\n              34.69194468425019\n            ],\n            [\n              138.7847900390625,\n              34.49750272138159\n            ],\n            [\n              139.207763671875,\n              34.687427949314845\n            ],\n            [\n              139.21874999999997,\n              35.25907654252574\n            ],\n            [\n              138.636474609375,\n              35.092945313732635\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              140.21575927734375,\n              39.81486542536203\n            ],\n            [\n              141.0205078125,\n              39.81486542536203\n            ],\n            [\n              141.0205078125,\n              40.43440488077008\n            ],\n            [\n              140.21575927734375,\n              40.43440488077008\n            ],\n            [\n              140.21575927734375,\n              39.81486542536203\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"80","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fiske, Richard S.","contributorId":229675,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fiske","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":36606,"text":"Smithsonian Institution","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":824241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70211238,"text":"70211238 - 1969 - Tectonic map of North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-21T15:18:01.641499","indexId":"70211238","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T10:58:37","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Tectonic map of North America","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70211238","collaboration":"Prepared by United States Geological Survey with collaboration of Geological Survey of Canada; Institute of Geology, National University of Mexico; Geological Survey of Greenland; Danish East Greenland Expeditions; and individual geologists","usgsCitation":"King, P., 1969, Tectonic map of North America, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/70211238.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":376534,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":376533,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_66033.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"5000000","otherGeospatial":"North America","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -83.671875,\n              4.565473550710278\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.234375,\n              11.350796722383672\n            ],\n            [\n              -62.75390625,\n              19.31114335506464\n            ],\n            [\n              -45.3515625,\n              50.28933925329178\n            ],\n            [\n              -14.765625,\n              64.24459476798195\n            ],\n            [\n              -13.53515625,\n              65.6582745198266\n            ],\n            [\n              -11.074218749999998,\n              81.67242422726376\n            ],\n            [\n              -31.640625,\n              83.8488095645152\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.30859375,\n              83.40004205976699\n            ],\n            [\n              -139.921875,\n              73.07384351277217\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.97265625,\n              71.74643171904148\n            ],\n            [\n              -168.3984375,\n              68.78414378041504\n            ],\n            [\n              -172.44140625,\n              63.15435519659187\n            ],\n            [\n              -169.1015625,\n              51.39920565355378\n            ],\n            [\n              -145.01953124999997,\n              57.89149735271034\n            ],\n            [\n              -129.7265625,\n              49.03786794532644\n            ],\n            [\n              -126.03515625,\n              35.746512259918504\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.1484375,\n              19.476950206488414\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.17578124999999,\n              10.660607953624776\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.671875,\n              4.565473550710278\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, Philip B.","contributorId":34580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Philip B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":793359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70039236,"text":"70039236 - 1969 - Landforms of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-03T01:02:04","indexId":"70039236","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T10:46:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":362,"text":"General Information Product","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Landforms of the United States","docAbstract":"The United States contains a great variety of landforms which offer dramatic contrasts to a crosscountry traveler. Mountains and desert areas, tropical jungles and areas of permanently frozen subsoil, deep canyons and broad plains are examples of the Nation's varied surface. The present-day landforms the features that make up the face of the earth are products of the slow, sculpturing actions of streams and geologic processes that have been at work throughout the ages since the earth's beginning.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/70039236","usgsCitation":"Hack, J., 1969, Landforms of the United States: General Information Product, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70039236.","productDescription":"14 p.","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":261443,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/70039236/report.pdf"},{"id":261444,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/70039236/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.8,24.5 ], [ -124.8,49.38333333333333 ], [ -66.95,49.38333333333333 ], [ -66.95,24.5 ], [ -124.8,24.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a43c8e4b0c8380cd66600","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hack, John T.","contributorId":45168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hack","given":"John T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":465852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70224276,"text":"70224276 - 1969 - Mineral layering in the Twin Lakes granodiorite, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-17T16:23:59.882536","indexId":"70224276","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T10:32:10","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1726,"text":"GSA Memoirs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineral layering in the Twin Lakes granodiorite, Colorado","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Twin Lakes intrusion is composed mainly of coarse-grained porphyritic granodiorite, and is zoned from a felsic core to a slightly more mafic border. Steeply dipping mineral layers, typically a few inches to 5 feet thick and several tens of feet long, occur in discontinuous marginal zones as wide as 5000 feet. Four main types of layers are defined by increased abundances of orthoclase, quartz, plagioclase, and mafic minerals. The characteristic minerals of each type of layer differ markedly in size (orthoclase, average length about 10 cm; quartz, average diameter about 1 cm; plagioclase, average length .45 mm; and mafic minerals, average length .15 mm). Textural evidence from fine-grained granodiorite porphyry and deformed mafic layers indicates that the magma contained 50 to 60 volume percent suspended crystals during emplacement. Structures in the mafic layers such as size and concentration grading normal to the plane of layering, wedge layering, and cross layering superficially resemble sedimentary structures. Inspection of these structures, however, reveals a number of features that are difficult to explain by a process of sedimentation, but which are consistent with a flow sorting process accompanied by deformation. The layering probably formed by size sorting of the suspended crystals in marginal zones of the intrusion by essentially vertical shear flow during emplacement.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/MEM115-p235","usgsCitation":"Wilshire, H.G., 1969, Mineral layering in the Twin Lakes granodiorite, Colorado: GSA Memoirs, no. 115, p. 235-262, https://doi.org/10.1130/MEM115-p235.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"235","endPage":"262","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":389399,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Twin Lakes","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.72393798828125,\n              38.38903340675905\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.91094970703125,\n              38.38903340675905\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.91094970703125,\n              39.30029918615029\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.72393798828125,\n              39.30029918615029\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.72393798828125,\n              38.38903340675905\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","issue":"115","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1969-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Larsen, Leonard H.","contributorId":265805,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Larsen","given":"Leonard","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":823434,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prinz, Martin","contributorId":265806,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Prinz","given":"Martin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":823435,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Manson, Vincent","contributorId":265807,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Manson","given":"Vincent","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":823436,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Wilshire, H. G.","contributorId":36125,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilshire","given":"H.","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":823433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70226141,"text":"70226141 - 1969 - Geologic Settings of Subsidence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-12T16:26:31.571608","indexId":"70226141","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T10:20:23","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Geologic Settings of Subsidence","docAbstract":"<p>This paper reviews the role of geologic processes that contribute to subsidence in order to aid those starting investigations of ground-surface subsidence. Subsidence occurs, or at least is discovered, only infrequently, and little organized information has been available. In order to assess our present state of knowledge, the author gathered fragmentary bits of information from many sources widely scattered in the literature of geology and other earth sciences.</p><p>The author cites examples for each geologic process that is a potential contributor to ground-surface subsidence together with geologic evidence for diagnosing their causes. The geologic processes involved are: (1) solution of gypsum and salt and redistribution of transient fill materials through solution cavities in calcareous rocks; (2) underground erosion of uncemented or lightly cemented silt and sand through temporary underground passageways; (3) lateral plastic flow of salt, gypsum and anhydrite, shale, and clay under loading; (4) compaction of sediments by loading, drainage, vibration, and hydrocompaction; (5) tectonic movements including primary and secondary effects of earthquakes, folding, and warping; and (6) volcanic activity. Because the first four processes may be accelerated by various engineering activities, examples have been selected to illustrate subsidence both under natural conditions and under conditions modified by man's activities.</p><p>Although this extensive search for existing information on the role of geologic factors in subsidence indicates that much detailed work remains to be done, the future prospects for advancing our geologic knowledge are excellent. Methods of measuring ground-surface displacements are improving rapidly. Also, broadly based investigations of known areas of major subsidence throughout the world are developing new methods of diagnosis and treatment and are yielding quantitative data that will aid our evaluation of the rates and magnitude of present-day geologic processes.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Reviews in Engineering Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/REG2-p305","usgsCitation":"Allen, A.S., 1969, Geologic Settings of Subsidence, chap. <i>of</i> Reviews in Engineering Geology, v. 2, p. 305-342, https://doi.org/10.1130/REG2-p305.","productDescription":"42 p.","startPage":"305","endPage":"342","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":391615,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Varnes, David J.","contributorId":86322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Varnes","given":"David J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":826626,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kiersch, George","contributorId":267948,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kiersch","given":"George","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":826627,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Allen, Alice S.","contributorId":268784,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allen","given":"Alice","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":826625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}