The Volcano Letter was an informal publication issued at irregular intervals by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) during the years 1925 to 1955. Individual issues contain information on volcanic activity, volcano research, and volcano monitoring in Hawaii. Information on volcanic activity at other locations is also occasionally included.
The Volcano Letter was published by HVO through multiple changes in administration, including the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association (1925 to 1932), the U.S. Geological Survey (1932 to 1935), the Department of the Interior (1935 to 1938), and the University of Hawai‘i (1938 to 1955). Issues 1-262 were published weekly from January 1, 1925, to January 2, 1930, and consisted of a single page of text. Issues 263-384, also published weekly, from January 9, 1930, to May 5, 1932, were generally longer—four pages— and provided more detail on volcanic activity, including photographs, maps, and plots. Weekly issues 385-387, published May 12-26, 1932, were a single page of text due to budget reductions brought on by the Great Depression. Budget restrictions reduced the publishing frequency to monthly for issues 388-428, covering the period of June 1932 to October 1935; these issues were generally shorter, 1-2 pages, and sometimes featured figures. From November 1935 to July 1938, issues 429-461 remained monthly but increased in length (generally eight pages) and featured figures frequently. Issues 462-530, published over the period of August 1938 to December 1955, varied in length from 2-15 pages, but were published quarterly, rather than monthly.
Six of the Volcano Letters are misnumbered:
Jan. 21, 1926 number is 55 though it should 56
July 29, 1926 number is 82 though it should be 83
Feb. 16, 1928 number is 161 though it should be 164
May 31, 1928 number is 197 though it should be 179
Nov. 29, 1928 number is 204 though it should be 205
The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) record books are annual journals in which field observations of eruptive activity at Kīlauea and Mauna Loa volcanoes, on the Island of Hawaiʻi, were compiled by HVO staff for most years from 1912 through early 1966. In addition to descriptive observations, the record books also contain hundreds of annotated photographs and sketches, as well as temperature and transit measurements. When photographs are included, the camera settings and film types used are noted. The field notes, sketches, and photographs used to compile the record books provide an unparalleled record of eruptive activity and were the basis for published newspaper reports and periodic bulletins, such as the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory bulletins and The volcano letter.
HVO staff also painstakingly prepared a second copy of each early record book, virtually identical to the original, complete with photographs and sketches. The original version of the record book was kept at HVO, while the duplicate went to the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association, which was created by a group of Honolulu, Hawaiʻi, businessmen to promote HVO’s work. The Hawaiian Volcano Research Association, which dissolved decades ago, held the duplicate books in Honolulu, where they were more readily accessible to the public. After 1923, HVO stopped duplicating the books—at least, no duplicate records for subsequent years have been found. During the decade of the 1940s, preparation of the record books stopped altogether. In 1952, compilation of the record books resumed and continued, with long gaps, until early 1966. Entries in these later volumes are sparse, and these books are little more than photo albums of the episodic eruptions of Kīlauea.
The original record books were held at HVO and, later, at Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park. In 1972, the original record books for the years 1912 through 1939 were transferred to the Bishop Museum, in Honolulu, for safekeeping. These record books are now stored in archival boxes at that institution (accession number 172.265). The duplicate set of record books held by the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association were bound into volumes at an unknown date and turned over to the U.S. Geological Survey. This set of record books, spanning 1912 through 1923, is now housed in the rare book room of the U.S. Geological Survey Library in Reston, Virginia (catalog number 220(950) H3d). The record books for 1952 through early 1966 remain in storage at HVO. After 1955, typed annotations were no longer placed in the record books, and only photographs, most with captions, were included. Although the volumes titled “Record Book” end with the 1955 volume, the photograph albums that followed are similar, and the record book designation is retained for simplicity. Note that the photographs in these albums were not all originally arranged in chronological order.
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In 1941 a diet containing 14 per cent sardine fish meal was formulated and gave satisfactory results from the standpoints of survival and growth. Since fish meal now is scarce, search was made for a diet without war-restricted commodities yet equal to the above-mentioned diet in feeding value. Ten diets were compared.....In the present experiments, quail fed this same diet modified by the substitution of 0.12 per cent of D-activated sterol for vitamin A and D feeding oil fortified showed the highest survival and the best live weights at the end of both the sixth and tenth weeks. They also were among the top three groups in requiring the least quantity of feed per unit of gain in weight; however, they consumed the greatest quantity of feed.....Of the other nine diets, that which seemed most promising, considering survival, live weight, and efficiency of feed utilization, was as follows (parts by weight) : Yellow corn, ground 26.08...Millet, ground 10.00...Alfalfa leaf meal, dehydrated 7.50...Soybean oil meal, solvent-processed 50.00...Dried whey 3.00...Special steamed bonemeal 1.50...Limestone, ground 0.80...Salt mixture 1.OO...D-activated animal sterol 0.12....100.00.....At the end of ten weeks the results on this diet (Diet l l ) , as compared with that containing sardine meal (Diet 23), were as follows: Diet No. 11 Percentage survival 71, Average live weight per bird, grams 144,....Growing mash consumed, per bird-day, grams 6.8 Feed consumed per gram of gain in weight (grams) 3.8......Diet 23....Percentage survival, 80,...Avg live weight per bird, grams....145,....Growing mash consumed , per bird-day, grams...7.4...Feed consumed per gram of gain in weight (grams)....3.9. Results were unsatisfactory when expeller-processed soybean oil meal was used in this diet to replace solvent-processed meal. At the end of ten weeks only 60 per cent of the quail survived and the average live weight was only 138 grams.....When the level of dried whey was raised to 5 per cent to provide a margin of safety against abnormal feather growth (resulting partly from riboflavin deficiency), the number of survivals was nearly as high as on the diet containing 14 per cent sardine meal, but the average live weight per bird was only 139 grams. The difference between this weight and that for the birds on Diet 11 (3% dried whey) was not statistically significant.....The general rating for the diet was as high as that for Diet 11, when ground wheat replaced ground millet in the diet containing 3 per cent dried whey. Survival of birds was 5 per cent-units lower, the average live weight was about the same, and efficiency of feed utilization was higher.....Using D-activated animal sterol as a source of vitamin D and yellow corn and a good grade of alfalfa leaf meal as sources of vitamin A, fish oils were omitted from the diets without causing symptons of avitaminosis. However because of the instability of vitamin A in storage, it is advisable to include sufficient fish oil, if obtainable, in quail diets to supply at least 2,000 I. U. of vitamin A per pound of feed on a total feed basis.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Gold Medal Netting News","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"Out-of-print","usgsCitation":"Van Oosten, J., 1936, Net selectivity on the Great Lakes: Gold Medal Netting News, v. 10, no. July, p. 2-3.","productDescription":"p. 2-3","startPage":"2","endPage":"3","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129023,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"July","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db6979b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Oosten, John","contributorId":23479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Oosten","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000206,"text":"1000206 - 1936 - Low production may not mean depletion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:04","indexId":"1000206","displayToPublicDate":"1936-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1936","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3560,"text":"The Fisherman","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Low production may not mean depletion","docAbstract":"Five feeding tests were conducted at the Patuxent Research Refuge, Bowie, Maryland, to determine the value or dwarf and smooth sumac fruits as the sole diet of quail, as well as a supplement to other feedstuffs.....When whole sumac fruits were force-fed quail, either alone or in combination with millet seed, many of the sumac seed were defecated undigested, whereas the millet seed was digested. Likewise, many sumac seed passed through the quail undigested when sumac fruit was fed ad libitum subsequent to a fasting period.....The quail did not relish sumac fruit as the sole article of diet. They lost weight nearly as rapidly on the fruit, ground or whole, 'the ground seed, or the pulp as they did when not given any food....Quail maintained their weight for 14 weeks during the late fall and winter in outdoor pens on a diet containing 50 per cent sumac fruit-pulp and other feedstuffs of high feeding value. A severe neck molt, however, occurred during the ninth week.....Quail lost weight rapidly on a diet containing 75 per cent sumac even though kept away from adverse weather conditions. A severe neck molt took place during the first week of this high-sumac diet. Heavy mortality occurred during the third and fourth weeks....Where the birds had a choice of many feedstuffs, they made sumac fruit 2 to 4 per cent of their diet....Therefore, it must be concluded, that even though sumac fruit is eaten by quail, and as a small percentage of the diet it may have a definite nutritional value, nevertheless as the sole or primary article of diet, it cannot be expected to maintain quail through a critical period in the winter.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Fisherman","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"Out-of-print","usgsCitation":"Hile, R., 1936, Low production may not mean depletion: The Fisherman, v. 5, no. 2, p. 1-2.","productDescription":"p. 1-2","startPage":"1","endPage":"2","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128903,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a74e4b07f02db64493a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hile, Ralph","contributorId":48510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hile","given":"Ralph","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000207,"text":"1000207 - 1936 - Summary of investigations on the morphometry of the cisco, Leucichthys artedi (Le Sueur), in the lakes of the northeastern highlands, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:33","indexId":"1000207","displayToPublicDate":"1936-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1936","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3008,"text":"Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts, and Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Summary of investigations on the morphometry of the cisco, Leucichthys artedi (Le Sueur), in the lakes of the northeastern highlands, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"The morphometric studies on the cisco or lake herring, Leucichthys artedi (Le Sueur), which are briefly summarized in this paper are part of a program of investigation of the fishes of the lakes in the northeastern highland district, Wisconsin. For the morphometric studies, 1,548 specimens were employed, all of them collected in the summers of 1931 and 1932 from four 'type' lakes, selected on the basis of their size, depth, and physicochemical and biological characteristics. Of this number 753 individuals were used to determine the general nature of the morphological variations in the Trout Lake, Muskellunge Lake, Silver Lake, and Clear Lakes cisco populations, while 795, collected from Muskellunge Lake in 1932 were employed in a detailed examination of certain morphological differences between the 1928 and 1929 year classes of that population. An attempt is made in this paper to present all the important conculsions, together with a small amount of illustrative material.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts, and Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"Out-of-print","usgsCitation":"Hile, R., 1936, Summary of investigations on the morphometry of the cisco, Leucichthys artedi (Le Sueur), in the lakes of the northeastern highlands, Wisconsin: Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts, and Letters, v. 21, p. 619-634.","productDescription":"p. 619-634","startPage":"619","endPage":"634","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131786,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b03e4b07f02db698f32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hile, Ralph","contributorId":48510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hile","given":"Ralph","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000134,"text":"1000134 - 1936 - Upper peninsula once bed of great inland sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:04","indexId":"1000134","displayToPublicDate":"1936-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1936","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2721,"text":"Michigan Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Upper peninsula once bed of great inland sea","docAbstract":"Abstract has not been submitted","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Michigan Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Deason, H.J., 1936, Upper peninsula once bed of great inland sea: Michigan Conservation, v. 6, no. 4.","productDescription":"p. 7, 11","startPage":"7, 11","numberOfPages":"-7","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128717,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ae4b07f02db6063ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Deason, Hilary J.","contributorId":66628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deason","given":"Hilary","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70010855,"text":"70010855 - 1936 - Lead-uranium ratio of siliceous pitchblende from Great Bear Lake, N. W. T., Canada, and its possible age","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-11T15:36:24.081846","indexId":"70010855","displayToPublicDate":"1936-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1936","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2519,"text":"Journal of the American Chemical Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lead-uranium ratio of siliceous pitchblende from Great Bear Lake, N. W. T., Canada, and its possible age","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/ja01294a014","usgsCitation":"Marble, J.P., 1936, Lead-uranium ratio of siliceous pitchblende from Great Bear Lake, N. W. T., Canada, and its possible age: Journal of the American Chemical Society, v. 58, no. 3, p. 434-437, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01294a014.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"434","endPage":"437","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218815,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a45e2e4b0c8380cd67506","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marble, J. P.","contributorId":44285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marble","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70006899,"text":"70006899 - 1935 - A western type of bacterial gill disease","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-21T07:53:02","indexId":"70006899","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T16:02:51","publicationYear":"1935","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A western type of bacterial gill disease","docAbstract":"The first reference to a pathological condition of the gill tissues of salmonid fishes was made by Osburn in 1910. This author in describing a progressive infolding of the opercula of trout, commonly known to hatcherymen as \"short gill covers,\" mentioned a marked proliferation on the gill epithelium as accompanying this condition. Osburn assumed that the club-like appearance of the gill filaments due to the proliferated epithelium was the result of continual irritation of the delicate gill tissue in the absence of the usual protection offered by the normal opercula. Although such a conclusion seems quite logical, it is also possible that Osburn was dealing with \"short gill covers\" complicated by the unknown bacterial gill disease which was subsequently described by Davis.","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1935)65[85:AWTOBG]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Fish, F.F., 1935, A western type of bacterial gill disease: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 65, no. 1, p. 85-87, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1935)65[85:AWTOBG]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"87","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258328,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":258325,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1935)65[85:AWTOBG]2.0.CO;2","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"65","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e61de4b0c8380cd47189","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fish, F. F.","contributorId":82572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fish","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70006898,"text":"70006898 - 1935 - The microscope in the hatchery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-21T08:05:49","indexId":"70006898","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T15:30:27","publicationYear":"1935","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The microscope in the hatchery","docAbstract":"Without the aid of the microscope, it is safe to assume that fish Culture would now stand exactly where it did seventy-five years ago when methods of artificial fertilization were first applied. It is also safe to assume that the results from fish culture would be as unsatisfactory as they were at that time when the fishery resources were steadily declining in spite of the increased liberation of advanced fry from the hatcheries. During the past few years the microscope has saved millions of fish in our hatcheries which otherwise would have been sacrificed to disease. Moreover, the microscope has permitted all of the recent work in selective breeding, nutritional requirements, and disease control. This work marks most of the progress fish culture has made during the past twenty-five years. This progress forms the first definite step away from the old system of hatching and distributing fish, a system which was founded by the ancient Chinese. The microscope has been the key which enabled the fish culturist to solve the riddle of success which has stood, unanswered, for 2,500 years.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1935)23[1:TMITH]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Fish, F.F., 1935, The microscope in the hatchery: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 2, no. 3, p. 1-16, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1935)23[1:TMITH]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"16","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258317,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":258307,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1935)23[1:TMITH]2.0.CO;2","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"2","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505badcfe4b08c986b323e06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fish, F. F.","contributorId":82572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fish","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70006902,"text":"70006902 - 1935 - The bacterial diseases of fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-21T08:05:00","indexId":"70006902","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T13:01:49","publicationYear":"1935","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The bacterial diseases of fish","docAbstract":"Of all the diseases responsible for the losses in the hatchery, those caused by the microscopic one-celled organisms, the bacteria, are the most common and present the most serious problem to the hatcheryman. They are found at practically every trout and salmon hatchery during some period of the year. The symptoms of the diseases they cause are difficult to recognize. This in itself is a hazard because treatment, to be successful, must be applied during the early stages or, in cases where no method of treatment is effective, the infected fish must be destroyed before the disease spreads to other parts of the hatchery. Here we have a group of diseases practically universal in distribution, difficult to recognize, and hard to treat even in those cases where a remedy is known. Every hatcheryman should be well acquainted with them for efficient and intelligent control. There follows a brief summary of the present status of our knowledge of the individual diseases.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1935)25[1:TBDOF]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Fish, F.F., 1935, The bacterial diseases of fish: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 2, no. 5, p. 1-9, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1935)25[1:TBDOF]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"9","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258368,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":258358,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1935)25[1:TBDOF]2.0.CO;2","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"2","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba9dde4b08c986b32257a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fish, F. F.","contributorId":82572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fish","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70006901,"text":"70006901 - 1935 - The protozoan diseases of hatchery fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-21T08:02:42","indexId":"70006901","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T12:21:54","publicationYear":"1935","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The protozoan diseases of hatchery fish","docAbstract":"Following the somewhat bleak picture painted in the consideration of the bacterial diseases of hatchery fish in the last number of The Progressive Fish Culturist, it is a relief to turn to another large group of fish diseases caused by small, single-celled parasitic animals known as the protozoa. To the hatcheryman, the protozoan diseases of fish are just as important as the bacterial diseases for they are equally destructive if allowed to run unchecked. The protozoan diseases are just as common as those caused by bacteria, particularly at those hatcheries which depend upon lakes or streams for their water supplies. However, a very cheery point of difference exists between these two groups of diseases—the protozoan diseases are easier to recognize and, for the most part, they are exceedingly easy to eradicate. To the hatcheryman who has struggled day and night for weeks in an attempt to combat an epidemic wherein he is rewarded immediately by the satisfying sight of a complete recovery of his infected fish as the direct result of his labors.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1935)26[1:TPDOHF]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Fish, F.F., 1935, The protozoan diseases of hatchery fish: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 2, no. 6, p. 1-4, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1935)26[1:TPDOHF]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"4","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258353,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":258341,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1935)26[1:TPDOHF]2.0.CO;2","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"2","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baed7e4b08c986b32439e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fish, F. F.","contributorId":82572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fish","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70006900,"text":"70006900 - 1935 - The Bureau of Fisheries disease service","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-21T08:01:39","indexId":"70006900","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T09:48:56","publicationYear":"1935","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Bureau of Fisheries disease service","docAbstract":"Picture yourself bending over a trough picking eggs. The clatter of hoofs suddenly rings from the snow-covered hatchery roof—or if you must be technical—from the driveway. The hatchery door opens and in walks a bewhiskered gentleman wearing a brilliant red suit—it's Santa Claus. He walks slowly over to where you are standing—he speaks—","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1935)28[9:TBOFDS]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Fish, F.F., 1935, The Bureau of Fisheries disease service: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 2, no. 8, p. 9-12, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1935)28[9:TBOFDS]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"9","endPage":"12","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258334,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":258331,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1935)28[9:TBOFDS]2.0.CO;2","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","volume":"2","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba6b0e4b08c986b32123f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fish, F. F.","contributorId":82572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fish","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":39328,"text":"pp179 - 1935 - Origin of the copper deposits of the Ducktown type in the southern Appalachian region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-31T15:59:11.987116","indexId":"pp179","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1935","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"179","title":"Origin of the copper deposits of the Ducktown type in the southern Appalachian region","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp179","usgsCitation":"Ross, C.S., 1935, Origin of the copper deposits of the Ducktown type in the southern Appalachian region: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 179, 165 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp179.","productDescription":"165 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":169977,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0179/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":113488,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0179/report.pdf","size":"52448","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.211669921875,\n 38.453588708941375\n ],\n [\n -80.936279296875,\n 37.75334401310656\n ],\n [\n -84.0234375,\n 36.09349937380574\n ],\n [\n -84.990234375,\n 35.003003395276714\n ],\n [\n -83.924560546875,\n 34.17090836352573\n ],\n [\n -82.342529296875,\n 34.93097858831627\n ],\n [\n -80.277099609375,\n 36.527294814546245\n ],\n [\n -77.71728515624999,\n 38.25543637637947\n ],\n [\n -78.211669921875,\n 38.453588708941375\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a67b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ross, C. S.","contributorId":18337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":39329,"text":"pp180 - 1935 - The minerals of Franklin and Sterling Hill, Sussex County, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:17","indexId":"pp180","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1935","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"180","title":"The minerals of Franklin and Sterling Hill, Sussex County, New Jersey","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp180","usgsCitation":"Palache, C., 1935, The minerals of Franklin and Sterling Hill, Sussex County, New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 180, 135 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp180.","productDescription":"135 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":113489,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0180/report.pdf","size":"28572","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":169978,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0180/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4944","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Palache, Charles","contributorId":102940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palache","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":39331,"text":"pp184 - 1935 - Pre-Cambrian rocks of the Lake Superior region: A review of newly discovered geologic features, with a revised geologic map","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-16T19:12:51.251723","indexId":"pp184","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1935","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"184","title":"Pre-Cambrian rocks of the Lake Superior region: A review of newly discovered geologic features, with a revised geologic map","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp184","usgsCitation":"Leith, C.K., Lund, R.J., and Leith, A., 1935, Pre-Cambrian rocks of the Lake Superior region: A review of newly discovered geologic features, with a revised geologic map: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 184, Report: ii, 34 p.; 1 Plate: 41.44 × 28.94 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp184.","productDescription":"Report: ii, 34 p.; 1 Plate: 41.44 × 28.94 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":397958,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4179.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":113493,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0184/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":169980,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0184/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":113492,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0184/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"1000000","country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Superior region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.900390625,\n 45.336701909968134\n ],\n [\n -83.75976562499999,\n 45.336701909968134\n ],\n [\n -83.75976562499999,\n 49.66762782262194\n ],\n [\n -92.900390625,\n 49.66762782262194\n ],\n [\n -92.900390625,\n 45.336701909968134\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad2e4b07f02db681c34","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leith, C. K.","contributorId":48022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leith","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lund, R. J.","contributorId":31817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lund","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leith, Andrew","contributorId":98593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leith","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":4733,"text":"wsp754 - 1935 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1933 : Part 12, North Pacific drainage basins ; C. Pacific slope basins in Oregon and lower Columbia River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:44","indexId":"wsp754","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1935","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"754","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1933 : Part 12, North Pacific drainage basins ; C. Pacific slope basins in Oregon and lower Columbia River basin","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp754","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1935, Surface water supply of the United States, 1933 : Part 12, North Pacific drainage basins ; C. Pacific slope basins in Oregon and lower Columbia River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 754, vi, 170 p. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp754.","productDescription":"vi, 170 p. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139609,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0754/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31719,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0754/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db69783e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}