The Cloudy Pass batholith, one of several small epizonal Tertiary batholiths in the Northern Cascade Mountains, discordantly intrudes metamorphic rocks of pre-Late Cretaceous age. The batholith is remarkable for its chilled borders, associated porphyry plugs, and intrusive breccias. The main body of the batholith consists largely of labradorite granodiorite.
Part of the northeast side of the batholith is bordered by a complex more than half a mile thick of chilled rocks of Hart Lake that consists of separately injected, contrasting layers of porphyry. At lower levels these are an early, outer layer of dacite; a younger, inner layer of dacite and labradorite-by-townite andesite; and a middle, still younger layer of autobreccia compositionally similar to the inner layer. Contacts between layers are complex and consist at lower levels of intermixed zones, suggesting that at these levels the early rocks were still molten when injected by the later rocks. At higher levels the younger rocks split into separate dikes, and contacts between younger and older rocks are sharp, suggesting that at these levels the older rocks had solidified before they were intruded by the younger rocks. The border complex is thought to have been cooled largely by expanding gases which were released from the batholith and which escaped to the surface through this zone. The contact between the labradorite granodiorite and the inner layer is gradational locally, but in most places the granodiorite intrudes the inner layer, and the contact is sharp. Where the middle and inner layers of the complex are absent, the contact of granodiorite and dacite of the outer layer is gradational.
Porphyry plugs which puncture the adjacent metamorphic rocks, although more siliceous than the rocks of the complex, consist largely of dacite and are petrographically indistinguishable from dacite of the complex.
Intrusive breccias are of two types: one consists of rounded fragments of batholithic rocks in a “marble cake” mixture of calcic quartz diorite and white quartz monzonite and is confined to the core of the batholith; the other consists of fragments of batholithic rocks and gneiss in a matrix of varying proportions of igneous and finely comminuted materials and is confined to the porphyry plugs and gneiss. This second type seems to have been injected explosively, probably accompanying “second boiling” of the labradorite granodiorite.
Plagioclases range from high- to low-temperature varieties. The transitional and high-temperature plagioclases are confined to the deuterically least-altered parts of the chilled margins. The low-temperature plagioclase occurs in the batholithic core and the complex of Hart Lake, and is thought to have inverted from an original high-temperature form because of long-continued existence at elevated, although subsolidus, temperatures, or because of the action of volatile constituents, or both.
The batholith seems to have made room for itself by lifting its roof, and the complex of Hart Lake developed along the upfaulted eastern side.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Cloudy Pass epizonal batholith and associated subvolcanic rocks","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/SPE116-p1","usgsCitation":"Cater, F., 1969, The Cloudy Pass epizonal batholith and associated subvolcanic rocks, chap. of The Cloudy Pass epizonal batholith and associated subvolcanic rocks: Special Papers of the Geological Society of America, v. 116, p. 1-52, https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE116-p1.","productDescription":"52 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"52","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":389392,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Chelan County, Snohomish County","otherGeospatial":"Cascade Mountains, Hart Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.234130859375,\n 47.68388118858139\n ],\n [\n -119.9981689453125,\n 47.68388118858139\n ],\n [\n -119.9981689453125,\n 48.3416461723746\n ],\n [\n -121.234130859375,\n 48.3416461723746\n ],\n [\n -121.234130859375,\n 47.68388118858139\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"116","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1969-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cater, Fred W.","contributorId":26295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cater","given":"Fred W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":823432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70226140,"text":"70226140 - 1969 - Structural geology of the Quad-Wyoming-Line Creeks area, Beartooth Mountains, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-12T16:14:23.628825","indexId":"70226140","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T09:54:23","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Structural geology of the Quad-Wyoming-Line Creeks area, Beartooth Mountains, Montana","docAbstract":"The Quad-Wyoming-Line Creeks area is in the northeastern part of the Beartooth Mountains of Montana. The rocks of the area consist mainly of banded migmatite, granitic gneisses, amphibolite, quartzite, and agmatite; small amounts of biotite schist and biotite gneiss, iron-silicate rocks, ultramafic rocks, mafic dikes, and felsic porphyries are also present. Quartzite outcrops continuously around the major folds, and agmatite is especially widespread in the axial zone of a major anti-form.
Two fold sets have been revealed by detailed mapping (scale 1:7200) and statistical analysis of the penetrative subfabric elements. The large later folds, F2, are the south-plunging Quad Creek synform and the south-southwest-plunging Wyoming Creek antiform; they are nearly upright and non-isoclinal. A metanorite intrusion is located in the axial zone of the Quad Creek synform. Small F2 fold style varies from similar in relatively ductile rocks to open, concentric folds in non-ductile rocks. Only one large F1, located immediately north of the metanorite pluton, has been mapped. F1 folds are characteristically similar in style. Refolding of small F1 folds by small F2 folds has been observed throughout the map area.
Statistical analysis of the compositional layering, So, and the axial planes of small F1 folds, S1, shows that the πS0- and πS1-axes constructed in the Wyoming Creek antiform are nearly coincident with each other and with south-southwest-plunging maxima of small F2 fold axes, B2. Both B2 and the axial planes of F2 folds, S2, are dispersed, showing that the later folds are noncylindrical and nonplane. The axes of small F1 folds, B1, are generally dispersed along well defined π-girdles. B1 and B2 maxima are generally coincident at some stations in the Wyoming Creek antiform-axial zone, suggesting that B1 and B2 are, at least locally, collinear. The long axes of hornblende crystals, L1, are also dispersed, but are not parallel to B1; the L1-subfabric appears to indicate that L1 developed during the F1 folding but plunged somewhat more steeply to the south-southwest to south than Bi and that the F2 folds are concentric rather than similar in the amphibolite. In the Quad Creek synform (F2), all of the above-mentioned fabric elements diverge around the north side of the metanorite body.
The Precambrian deformational history of the present map area, and probably the remainder of the eastern Beartooth Mountains, appears to be comprised of two phases of folding. During the first phase (F1) south-southwest plunging, isoclinal or nearly isoclinal folds formed by passive flow during metamorphism to at least the upper amphibolite facies; these F, folds were not upright and may have been nearly recumbent. L1 was formed during this phase. Metamorphic differentiation of a sedimentary sequence occurred at this time, but it is not clear whether any new material was added.
The second phase of deformation is characterized by upright, non-isoclinal folds which also formed about south-southwest to south plunging axes. Flexural flow was the dominant mechanism in the development of the Quad Creek synform and the Wyoming Creek antiform, but passive flow was important in layers of ductile rocks. Granitization was generally synchronous with the F2 phase; pegmatite dikes were emplaced later in a passive manner. Quartzite and amphibolite acted as resisters to granitization; their termination in granitic gneisses and migmatites is usually most adequately explained by refolding rather than granitization of the quartzite. It is possible that partial melting occurred in some areas such as the agmatized zones.
Time of emplacement of the metanorite body is still questionable, but it clearly predates the F2 folding; intrusion prior to F1 is probable because B1, B2, and L1 diverge in the vicinity of the body.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Igneous and Metamorphic Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/MEM115-p1","usgsCitation":"Rowan, L.C., 1969, Structural geology of the Quad-Wyoming-Line Creeks area, Beartooth Mountains, Montana, chap. of Igneous and Metamorphic Geology, v. 115, p. 1-18, https://doi.org/10.1130/MEM115-p1.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"18","costCenters":[{"id":273,"text":"Flagstaff Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":391614,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Beartooth Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.91384887695311,\n 45.00656408733261\n ],\n [\n -109.20272827148438,\n 45.00656408733261\n ],\n [\n -109.19998168945312,\n 45.11520750294172\n ],\n [\n -109.26864624023436,\n 45.2004253589021\n ],\n [\n -109.34417724609375,\n 45.230414929592946\n ],\n [\n -109.46914672851562,\n 45.273920035433605\n ],\n [\n -109.60647583007812,\n 45.31256326358576\n ],\n [\n -109.67376708984375,\n 45.403271205260644\n ],\n [\n -109.63119506835938,\n 45.51693278828882\n ],\n [\n -109.78775024414062,\n 45.57752269483689\n ],\n [\n -110.07614135742188,\n 45.565986795411405\n ],\n [\n -110.23269653320312,\n 45.59770481736448\n ],\n [\n -110.3466796875,\n 45.628444574718564\n ],\n [\n -110.47027587890624,\n 45.65820764745017\n ],\n [\n -110.55679321289062,\n 45.59962654582256\n ],\n [\n -110.56777954101562,\n 45.508271755944975\n ],\n [\n -110.64193725585936,\n 45.383983820995105\n ],\n [\n -110.74905395507812,\n 45.321254361171476\n ],\n [\n -110.86029052734374,\n 45.29324494090279\n ],\n [\n -110.91384887695311,\n 45.00656408733261\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"115","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1969-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Larsen, Leonard H.","contributorId":265805,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Larsen","given":"Leonard","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":826622,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prinz, Martin","contributorId":265806,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Prinz","given":"Martin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":826623,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Manson, Vincent","contributorId":265807,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Manson","given":"Vincent","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":826624,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Rowan, Lawrence C.","contributorId":58629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowan","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":826621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70006787,"text":"70006787 - 1969 - Ecology of pocket gophers of Mesa Verde, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-30T09:35:43","indexId":"70006787","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T09:34:19","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Ecology of pocket gophers of Mesa Verde, Colorado","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions in Mammalogy: A volume honoring Professor E. Raymond Hall.","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Kansas Museum of Natural History","usgsCitation":"Douglas, C.L., 1969, Ecology of pocket gophers of Mesa Verde, Colorado, chap. of Contributions in Mammalogy: A volume honoring Professor E. Raymond Hall., p. 147-175.","productDescription":"p. 147-175","startPage":"147","endPage":"175","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289166,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b286e7e4b07b8813a55482","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Douglas, C. L.","contributorId":64586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1491,"text":"1491 - 1969 - Sample submittal manual","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-14T08:54:19","indexId":"1491","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T08:53:15","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Sample submittal manual","docAbstract":"Instructions for submitting samples to the Branch of Analytical Laboratories and laboratories of the Field Services Section of the Branch of Exploration Research.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/1491","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1969, Sample submittal manual (3rd ed.), ii, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/1491.","productDescription":"ii, 43 p.","numberOfPages":"45","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":289835,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"3rd ed.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53c4fc71e4b0b58d96eeb613","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70230541,"text":"70230541 - 1969 - Remote-sensing applications to hydrobiology in South Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-17T14:17:17.024234","indexId":"70230541","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T07:29:57","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":375,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"seriesNumber":"FL 68-009","displayTitle":"Remote-Sensing Applications to Hydrobiology in South Florida","title":"Remote-sensing applications to hydrobiology in South Florida","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70230541","usgsCitation":"Kolipinski, M.C., and Higer, A.L., 1969, Remote-sensing applications to hydrobiology in South Florida: Open-File Report FL 68-009, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70230541.","productDescription":"44 p.","numberOfPages":"44","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":398806,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70230541/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":398807,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70230541/ofr-fl-68009.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.16 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR FL 68-009"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.32971727296518,\n 27.356915699636957\n ],\n [\n -82.32971727296518,\n 25.00132082035624\n ],\n [\n -80.02171815016497,\n 25.00132082035624\n ],\n [\n -80.02171815016497,\n 27.356915699636957\n ],\n [\n -82.32971727296518,\n 27.356915699636957\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
Stereoscopic pictures returned by surface-based imaging systems can be used to reconstruct the topography of landing sites on Mars and other planets. Large surface relief with respect to distance and the large scale variation inherent in surface-based pictures produce problems in stereoscopic measurement very different from those presented by high altitude photography. Optical-mechanical scanning systems, or facsimile cameras, facilitate accurate reconstruction of landing site topography because of the linearity of system photometric response and the accuracy with which image geometry can be measured.
","language":"English","publisher":"Optical Society of America","doi":"10.1364/AO.8.001315","usgsCitation":"Batson, R.M., 1969, Photogrammetry with surface-based images: Applied Optics, v. 8, no. 7, p. 1315-1322, https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.8.001315.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1315","endPage":"1322","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":389800,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1969-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Batson, Raymond M.","contributorId":13989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batson","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":824052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2001038,"text":"2001038 - 1969 - Efficacy of methylpentynol as an anesthetic on four salmonids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:02","indexId":"2001038","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T01:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":39,"text":"Investigations in Fish Control","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"29","title":"Efficacy of methylpentynol as an anesthetic on four salmonids","docAbstract":"Abstract not submitted to date","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife","publisherLocation":"La Crosse, WI","usgsCitation":"Howland, R., and Schoettger, R., 1969, Efficacy of methylpentynol as an anesthetic on four salmonids: Investigations in Fish Control 29, 11.","productDescription":"11","startPage":"0","endPage":"11","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198010,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60f70d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howland, R.M.","contributorId":34869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howland","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schoettger, R.A.","contributorId":19519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoettger","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":2001032,"text":"2001032 - 1969 - Use of antimycin for selective thinning of sunfish populations in ponds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:02","indexId":"2001032","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T01:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":39,"text":"Investigations in Fish Control","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"28","title":"Use of antimycin for selective thinning of sunfish populations in ponds","docAbstract":"Abstract not submitted to date","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife","publisherLocation":"La Crosse, WI","usgsCitation":"Burress, R., and Luhning, C., 1969, Use of antimycin for selective thinning of sunfish populations in ponds: Investigations in Fish Control 28, 10.","productDescription":"10","startPage":"0","endPage":"10","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197879,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db604c54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burress, R.M.","contributorId":21107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burress","given":"R.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luhning, C.W.","contributorId":76682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luhning","given":"C.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":2001031,"text":"2001031 - 1969 - Field trials of antimycin as a selective toxicant in channel catfish ponds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:02","indexId":"2001031","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T01:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":39,"text":"Investigations in Fish Control","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"25","title":"Field trials of antimycin as a selective toxicant in channel catfish ponds","docAbstract":"Abstract not submitted to date","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife","publisherLocation":"La Crosse, WI","usgsCitation":"Burress, R., and Luhning, C., 1969, Field trials of antimycin as a selective toxicant in channel catfish ponds: Investigations in Fish Control 25, 12.","productDescription":"12","startPage":"0","endPage":"12","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197878,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fbe4b07f02db5f4bac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burress, R.M.","contributorId":21107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burress","given":"R.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luhning, C.W.","contributorId":76682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luhning","given":"C.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":2000001,"text":"2000001 - 1969 - Chemical characteristics of Lake Ontario","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:58","indexId":"2000001","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T01:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":222,"text":"Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"14","title":"Chemical characteristics of Lake Ontario","docAbstract":"Records are presented of Na+, K+, Ca++, SiO2, pH, alkalinity, O2, and specific conductance at 106 stations in Lake Ontario. These data are compared for east-west and surface-subsurface variations. Water quality in Lake Ontario is similar to that in Lake Erie with the exception of dissolved oxygen. The open waters of Lake Ontario had no areas of serious oxygen depletions.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Limnological survey of Lake Ontario, 1964","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission","usgsCitation":"Allen, H., 1969, Chemical characteristics of Lake Ontario: Technical Report 14, p. 1-18.","productDescription":"p. 1-18","startPage":"1","endPage":"18","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198569,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":91892,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.glfc.org/pubs/TechReports/Tr14.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e499ee4b07f02db5bc86d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, Herbert E.","contributorId":42553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Herbert E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2001045,"text":"2001045 - 1969 - Toxicity of Hyamine 3500 to fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:54","indexId":"2001045","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T01:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":39,"text":"Investigations in Fish Control","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"32","title":"Toxicity of Hyamine 3500 to fish","docAbstract":"Abstract not submitted to date","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife","publisherLocation":"La Crosse, WI","usgsCitation":"Hogan, J., 1969, Toxicity of Hyamine 3500 to fish: Investigations in Fish Control 32, 9.","productDescription":"9","startPage":"0","endPage":"9","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199317,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db6280a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hogan, J.W.","contributorId":25667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hogan","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2000040,"text":"2000040 - 1969 - The ecology and management of the walleye in western Lake Erie","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-07T15:37:20.35178","indexId":"2000040","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T01:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":414,"text":"Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"seriesNumber":"15","title":"The ecology and management of the walleye in western Lake Erie","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission","usgsCitation":"Regier, H.A., Applegate, V.C., and Ryder, R.A., 1969, The ecology and management of the walleye in western Lake Erie: Technical Report 15, vi,, 101 p.","productDescription":"vi,, 101 p.","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198639,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":91996,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.glfc.org/glfc-publications-reports.php","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"western Lake Erie","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.58276638581481,\n 41.97237365816474\n ],\n [\n -80.55850499524757,\n 42.59462675076503\n ],\n [\n -81.49680438624725,\n 42.6432352505592\n ],\n [\n -82.10875527960945,\n 42.23426938526549\n ],\n [\n -82.50939604617095,\n 42.036656884044845\n ],\n [\n -82.9339593053172,\n 42.016285913621914\n ],\n [\n -83.11104675881722,\n 42.244635248226444\n ],\n [\n -83.27821106621936,\n 41.98684657447848\n ],\n [\n -83.54648129097725,\n 41.68442598741987\n ],\n [\n -83.01649113229973,\n 41.49528344447617\n ],\n [\n -82.98073589548031,\n 41.40180784422003\n ],\n [\n -82.7648523471342,\n 41.42955348019893\n ],\n [\n -82.46821695507862,\n 41.33793926967641\n ],\n [\n -82.00304805421261,\n 41.45917836107543\n ],\n [\n -81.68476521452186,\n 41.43366611262371\n ],\n [\n -80.58276638581481,\n 41.97237365816474\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db6682ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Regier, Henry A.","contributorId":61124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Regier","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Applegate, Vernon C.","contributorId":39317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Applegate","given":"Vernon","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ryder, Richard A.","contributorId":54700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryder","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":2000006,"text":"2000006 - 1969 - The benthic macrofauna of Lake Ontario","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:59","indexId":"2000006","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T01:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":91,"text":"Technical Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"14","title":"The benthic macrofauna of Lake Ontario","docAbstract":"The presence and relative abundance of bottom macrofauna in Lake Ontario are documented. Bottom samples were collected at 24 stations in September 1964. The quantity of organisms and the distribution of some species were affected by depth of water. Samples from the shallower stations (47.5 m or less) yielded an average of 41,631 organisms per mA? whereas the deeper stations (91.5 m or more) yielded an average of only 7,938. The Oligochaeta, the most abundant group of macroinvertebrates, was represented by four families - Enchytraeidae, Lumbriculidae, Naididae, and Tubificidae. The lumbriculid worm, Stylodrilus heringianus, and the burrowing amphipod, Pontoporeia affinis, were rare or absent in areas affected by pollution. In kinds and abundance of organisms, the bottom fauna in Lake Ontario was generally similar to that in Lake Michigan.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Limnological survey of Lake Ontario, 1964","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission","collaboration":"Out-of-print","usgsCitation":"Hiltunen, J.K., 1969, The benthic macrofauna of Lake Ontario: Technical Report 14, p. 39-50.","productDescription":"p. 39-50","startPage":"39","endPage":"50","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198576,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":91894,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.glfc.org/pubs/TechReports/Tr14.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a85e4b07f02db64d4bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hiltunen, Jarl K.","contributorId":27820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hiltunen","given":"Jarl","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2000045,"text":"2000045 - 1969 - Fishery survey of U. S. waters of Lake Ontario","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:53","indexId":"2000045","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":222,"text":"Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"14","title":"Fishery survey of U. S. waters of Lake Ontario","docAbstract":"Gill nets and trawls were fished by the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries R/V Cisco during September 19-23, 1964, at several locations and depths in the offshore United States waters of Lake Ontario. Water temperatures were low (3.7-8.3 A?C) at all fishing stations except one (16.4 A?C). Supplementary data were provided by the Bureau's R/V Kaho in 1966. Alewives and smelt were common. Ciscoes were extremely scarce, but large; most of those caught were bloaters. Slimy sculpins were abundant, but no deepwater sculpins were caught. Yellow perch were scarce. Although the warm water species were inadequately sampled, trout-perch seemed to be abundant. Other species, all caught in small numbers, were lake trout, spottail shiners, burbot, threespine sticklebacks, and johnny darters from cold water and northern pike, lake chubs, white suckers, white bass, white perch, and rock bass from warm water.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Limnological survey of Lake Ontario, 1964","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission","collaboration":"Out-of-print","usgsCitation":"Wells, L., 1969, Fishery survey of U. S. waters of Lake Ontario: Technical Report 14, p. 51-59.","productDescription":"p. 51-59","startPage":"51","endPage":"59","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199178,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":92060,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.glfc.org/pubs/TechReports/Tr14.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e4e4b07f02db5e6109","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wells, LaRue","contributorId":75476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"LaRue","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2000122,"text":"2000122 - 1969 - Ecological relationships of breeding blue-winged teal to prairie potholes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:59","indexId":"2000122","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":281,"text":"Report Series","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"6","title":"Ecological relationships of breeding blue-winged teal to prairie potholes","docAbstract":"Ecology of breeding blue-winged teal (Anas discors) was studied on the Waubay Study Area in Day County, South Dakota, in 1965 and 1966. Breeding pair use of the wetland habitat and importance of Type 1 ponds in the wetland complex were evaluated. Changes in breeding pair densities and wetland habitat conditions on the study area were compared for the 16-year period, 1950-66.Blue-winged teal pair densities of 30.7 and 33.0 per square mile in 1965 and 1966, respectively, were above the 16-year average from 1950 to 1966 and near the maximum for this period. Blue-winged teal comprised 46.7 per cent of the waterfowl breeding population in 1965 and 51.7 per cent in 1966. Number of water areas per square mile through mid-spring 1965 was comparable to the average for the 16-year period, whereas during late spring 1965 and throughout the 1966 spring breeding seasons the number of water areas increased to near optimum conditions.Annual breeding-pair densities from 1950 to 1966 appeared to be largely influenced by water conditions, and pair-density fluctuations resulted from changes in number of wet ponds from late April through mid-May. Variations in water conditions after this period did not appear to have as great an effect on numbers of breeding teal.Use of wetland habitat by pairs changed throughout the spring breeding seasons. During the post-arrival period, teal congregated on larger wetlands. With onset of egg-laying, pairs dispersed into ponds throughout the wetland complex to establish breeding home ranges. Other factors that influenced changes in habitat use included: 1) pond type and size, 2) breeding cycle phenology, 3) availability of wet ponds, and 4) land use. Number of blue-winged teal pairs per unit area of water was highest in 1965 and 1966 on Type 1B ponds, followed in decreasing order by Types 3, 1A, and 4 and 5. Greater use of Type 1B ponds was probably related to larger ratio of edge or shore line to unit area of water. Interspersion of many small wetlands throughout the breeding habitat provided for maximum pair dispersal during egg-laying and early incubation stages of the reproductive cycle.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the Saskatoon Wetlands Seminar","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Drewien, R., and Springer, P.F., 1969, Ecological relationships of breeding blue-winged teal to prairie potholes: Report Series 6, p. 102-115.","productDescription":"p. 102-115","startPage":"102","endPage":"115","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198473,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4889e4b07f02db51b459","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drewien, Rod C.","contributorId":58594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drewien","given":"Rod C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Springer, P. F.","contributorId":56590,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Springer","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":2001030,"text":"2001030 - 1969 - Laboratory studies on antimycin A as a fish toxicant","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:54","indexId":"2001030","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":39,"text":"Investigations in Fish Control","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"26","title":"Laboratory studies on antimycin A as a fish toxicant","docAbstract":"Liquid and sand formulations of antimycin A were tested in laboratory waters of various temperature, hardness, pH, and turbidity against 31 species of fresh-water fish of various sizes and life stages. Each formulation of toxicant was lethal under all water conditions to fish eggs, fry, fingerlings, and adult fish. Trouts are the most sensitive and catfishes the least sensitive. Of the 31 species, 24 succumb to 5 p.p.b. or less of the toxicant; only certain catfishes survive 25 p.p.b, The order of toxicity to various species of fish suggests that antimycin has possibilities for selective or partial control of certain unwanted fish. Although toxic to fish under ice, antimycin is more active in warm water than in cold. It is slightly more active in soft water than in hard; it is more active and persists far longer in water at pH 5 to 8 than at pH 9 or 10. It is active on fish in either clear and turbid waters, and it can be detoxified by potassium permanganate, The results contributed to registration of antimycin A in Fintrol-5 formulation as a fish toxicant.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife","publisherLocation":"La Crosse, WI","usgsCitation":"Berger, B.L., Lennon, R.E., and Hogan, J.W., 1969, Laboratory studies on antimycin A as a fish toxicant: Investigations in Fish Control 26, 21.","productDescription":"21","startPage":"0","endPage":"21","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199416,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4446","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berger, Bernard L.","contributorId":20373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"Bernard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lennon, Robert E.","contributorId":14341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lennon","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hogan, James W.","contributorId":24402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hogan","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":2001037,"text":"2001037 - 1969 - Laboratory studies on possible fish-collecting aids, with some toxicities for the isomers of cresol","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:02","indexId":"2001037","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":39,"text":"Investigations in Fish Control","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"34","title":"Laboratory studies on possible fish-collecting aids, with some toxicities for the isomers of cresol","docAbstract":"Abstract not submitted to date","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife","publisherLocation":"La Crosse, WI","usgsCitation":"Howland, R., 1969, Laboratory studies on possible fish-collecting aids, with some toxicities for the isomers of cresol: Investigations in Fish Control 34, 10.","productDescription":"10","startPage":"0","endPage":"10","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198009,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b442c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howland, R.M.","contributorId":34869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howland","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2001333,"text":"2001333 - 1969 - Parasites of freshwater fish: I Fungi: Fungi (Saprolegnia and relatives) of fish and fish eggs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:54","indexId":"2001333","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":22,"text":"Fish Disease Leaflet","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"21","title":"Parasites of freshwater fish: I Fungi: Fungi (Saprolegnia and relatives) of fish and fish eggs","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","collaboration":"714/FH","usgsCitation":"Hoffman, G.L., 1969, Parasites of freshwater fish: I Fungi: Fungi (Saprolegnia and relatives) of fish and fish eggs: Fish Disease Leaflet 21, 6 p.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"6","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198496,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a62ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffman, G. L.","contributorId":70713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2001435,"text":"2001435 - 1969 - Blue-sac disease of fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:57","indexId":"2001435","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":22,"text":"Fish Disease Leaflet","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"15","title":"Blue-sac disease of fish","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","collaboration":"685/FH","usgsCitation":"Wolf, K., 1969, Blue-sac disease of fish: Fish Disease Leaflet 15, 4 p.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"4","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199207,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1be4b07f02db6075ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolf, K.","contributorId":16344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2001042,"text":"2001042 - 1969 - Toxicity of quinaldine to selected fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:54","indexId":"2001042","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":39,"text":"Investigations in Fish Control","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"23","title":"Toxicity of quinaldine to selected fishes","docAbstract":"Abstract not submitted to date","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife","publisherLocation":"La Crosse, WI","usgsCitation":"Marking, L.L., 1969, Toxicity of quinaldine to selected fishes: Investigations in Fish Control 23, 10.","productDescription":"10","startPage":"0","endPage":"10","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199316,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db628000","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marking, L. L.","contributorId":90661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marking","given":"L.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2001324,"text":"2001324 - 1969 - Oxytetracycline in fish culture : a review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:58","indexId":"2001324","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":89,"text":"Technical Paper","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"31","title":"Oxytetracycline in fish culture : a review","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","collaboration":"205a/FH","usgsCitation":"Herman, R.L., 1969, Oxytetracycline in fish culture : a review: Technical Paper 31, p. 1-9.","productDescription":"p. 1-9","startPage":"1","endPage":"9","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198869,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a080","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herman, R. L.","contributorId":21101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011576,"text":"70011576 - 1969 - Saline water in southeastern New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-29T17:59:16.005627","indexId":"70011576","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Saline water in southeastern New Mexico","docAbstract":"Saline waters from formations of several geologic ages are being studied in a seven-county area in southeastern New Mexico and western Texas, where more than 30,000 oil and gas tests have been drilled in the past 40 years. This area of 7,500 sq. miles, which is stratigraphically complex, includes the northern and eastern margins of the Delaware Basin between the Guadalupe and Glass Mountains.
Chloride-ion concentrations in water produced from rocks of various ages and depths have been mapped in Lea County, New Mexico, using machine map-plotting techniques and trend analyses. Anomalously low chloride concentrations (1,000–3,000 mg/l) were found along the western margin of the Central Basin platform in the San Andres and Capitan Limestone Formations of Permian age. These low chloride-ion concentrations may be due to preferential circulation of ground water through the more porous and permeable rocks.
Data being used in the study were obtained principally from oil companies and from related service companies. The P.B.W.D.S. (Permian Basin Well Data System) scout-record magnetic-tape file was used as a framework in all computer operations. Shallow or non-oil-field water analyses acquired from state, municipal, or federal agencies were added to these data utilizing P.B.W.D.S.-compatible reference numbers and decimal latitude-longitude coordinates. Approximately 20,000 water analyses collected from over 65 sources were coded, recorded on punch cards and stored on magnetic tape for computer operations. Extensive manual and computer error checks for duplication and accuracy were made to eliminate data errors resulting from poorly located or identified samples; non-representative or contaminated samples; mistakes in coding, reproducing or key-punching; laboratory errors; and inconsistent reporting. The original 20,000 analyses considered were reduced to 6,000 representative analyses which are being used in the saline water studies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0009-2541(69)90054-0","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Hiss, W.L., Peterson, J., and Ramsey, T., 1969, Saline water in southeastern New Mexico: Chemical Geology, v. 4, no. 1-2, p. 341-360, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(69)90054-0.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"341","endPage":"360","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221375,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.45751953125,\n 31.765537409484374\n ],\n [\n -102.7001953125,\n 31.765537409484374\n ],\n [\n -102.7001953125,\n 33.247875947924385\n ],\n [\n -106.45751953125,\n 33.247875947924385\n ],\n [\n -106.45751953125,\n 31.765537409484374\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aafd5e4b0c8380cd877e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hiss, W. L.","contributorId":15614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hiss","given":"W.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, J.B.","contributorId":90389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ramsey, T.R.","contributorId":39125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsey","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70010204,"text":"70010204 - 1969 - Surveyor alpha-scattering data: Consistency with lunar origin of eucrites and howardites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-04T15:23:28.316722","indexId":"70010204","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surveyor alpha-scattering data: Consistency with lunar origin of eucrites and howardites","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.165.3892.515","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Duke, M., 1969, Surveyor alpha-scattering data: Consistency with lunar origin of eucrites and howardites: Science, v. 165, no. 3892, p. 515-517, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.165.3892.515.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"515","endPage":"517","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218994,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mare Tranquillitatis, Moon, Sinus Medii","volume":"165","issue":"3892","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba2a5e4b08c986b31f85a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duke, M.B.","contributorId":106630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duke","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011467,"text":"70011467 - 1969 - Formation of halloysite from feldspar: Low temperature, artificial weathering versus natural weathering","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-25T14:37:21","indexId":"70011467","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1245,"text":"Clays and Clay Minerals","onlineIssn":"1552-8367","printIssn":"0009-8604","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Formation of halloysite from feldspar: Low temperature, artificial weathering versus natural weathering","docAbstract":"Weathering products formed on surfaces of both potassium and plagioclase feldspar (An70), which were continuously leached in a Soxhlet extraction apparatus for 140 days with 7.21 of distilled water per day at a temperature of approximately 78°C, are morphologically identical to natural products developed on potassium feldspars weathered under conditions of good drainage in the humid tropics. The new products, which first appear as tiny bumps on the feldspar surface, start to develop mainly at exposed edges but also at apparently random sites on flat cleavage surfaces. As weathering continues, the bumps grow outward from the feldspar surface to form tapered projections, which then develop into wide-based thin films or sheets. The thin sheets of many projections merge laterally to form one continuous flame-shaped sheet. The sheets formed on potassium feldspars may then roll to form tubes that are inclined at a high angle to the feldspar surface. Etch pits of triangular outline on the artificially weathered potassium feldspars serve as sites for development of continuous, non-rolled, hollow tubes. It is inferred from its morphology that this weathering product is halloysite or its primitive form. The product of naturally weathered potassium feldspars is halloysite . 4H2O.
The flame-shaped films or sheets formed on artificially weathered plagioclase feldspar do not develop into hollow tubes, but instead give rise to a platy mineral that is most probably boehmite. These plates form within the flame-shaped films, and with continued weathering are released as the film deteriorates. There is no indication from this experiment that platy pseudohexagonal kaolinite forms from any of these minerals under the initial stage of weathering.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Clay Minerals Society","doi":"10.1346/CCMN.1969.0170104","usgsCitation":"Parham, W.E., 1969, Formation of halloysite from feldspar: Low temperature, artificial weathering versus natural weathering: Clays and Clay Minerals, v. 17, no. 1, p. 13-22, https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.1969.0170104.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"13","endPage":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221753,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1350e4b0c8380cd545eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parham, Walter E.","contributorId":58022,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parham","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}