{"pageNumber":"649","pageRowStart":"16200","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46677,"records":[{"id":70006333,"text":"70006333 - 2011 - Habitat use and movement of the endangered Arroyo Toad (Anaxyrus californicus) in coastal southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-05-30T01:01:38","indexId":"70006333","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-21T09:02:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2334,"text":"Journal of Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat use and movement of the endangered Arroyo Toad (Anaxyrus californicus) in coastal southern California","docAbstract":"Information on the habitat use and movement patterns of Arroyo Toads (Anaxyrus californicus) is limited. The temporal and spatial characteristics of terrestrial habitat use, especially as it relates to upland use in coastal areas of the species' range, are poorly understood. We present analyses of radiotelemetry data from 40 individual adult toads tracked at a single site in coastal southern California from March through November of 2004. We quantify adult Arroyo Toad habitat use and movements and interpret results in the context of their life history. We show concentrated activity by both male and female toads along stream terraces during and after breeding, and, although our fall sample size is low, the continued presence of adult toads in the floodplain through the late fall. Adult toads used open sandy flats with sparse vegetation. Home-range size and movement frequency varied as a function of body mass. Observed spatial patterns of movement and habitat use both during and outside of the breeding period as well as available climatological data suggest that overwintering of toads in floodplain habitats of near-coastal areas of southern California may be more common than previously considered. If adult toads are not migrating out of the floodplain at the close of the breeding season but instead overwinter on stream terraces in near-coastal areas, then current management practices that assume toad absence from floodplain habitats may be leaving adult toads over-wintering on stream terraces vulnerable to human disturbance during a time of year when Arroyo Toad mortality is potentially highest.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Herpetology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","doi":"10.1670/10-160.1","usgsCitation":"Gallegos, E., Lyren, L.M., Lovich, R., Mitrovich, M.J., and Fisher, R.N., 2011, Habitat use and movement of the endangered Arroyo Toad (Anaxyrus californicus) in coastal southern California: Journal of Herpetology, v. 45, no. 3, p. 319-328, https://doi.org/10.1670/10-160.1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"319","endPage":"328","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257003,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":256996,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1670/10-160.1","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","volume":"45","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2f32e4b0c8380cd5cb8f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gallegos, Elizabeth 0000-0002-8402-2631 egallegos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8402-2631","contributorId":1528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallegos","given":"Elizabeth","email":"egallegos@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lyren, Lisa M. llyren@usgs.gov","contributorId":2398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyren","given":"Lisa","email":"llyren@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lovich, Robert E.","contributorId":73857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovich","given":"Robert E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mitrovich, Milan J.","contributorId":88864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitrovich","given":"Milan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240 rfisher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":1529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert","email":"rfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70038359,"text":"ds613 - 2011 - Concentrations and loads of nutrients in the tributaries of the Lake Okeechobee watershed, south-central Florida, water years 2004-2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-05-15T01:01:40","indexId":"ds613","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"613","title":"Concentrations and loads of nutrients in the tributaries of the Lake Okeechobee watershed, south-central Florida, water years 2004-2008","docAbstract":"Lake Okeechobee in south-central Florida is the second largest freshwater lake in the contiguous United States. Excessive phosphorus loading, harmful high and low water levels, and rapid expansion of non-native vegetation have threatened the health of the lake in recent decades. A study was conducted to monitor discharge and nutrient concentrations from selected tributaries into Lake Okeechobee and to evaluate nutrient loads. The data analysis was performed at 16 monitoring stations from December 2003 to September 2008. Annual and seasonal discharge measured at monitoring stations is affected by rainfall. Hurricanes affected three wet years (2004, 2005, and the latter part of 2008) and resulted in substantially greater discharge than the drought years of 2006, 2007, and the early part of 2008. Rainfall supplies about 50 percent of the water to Lake Okeechobee, discharge from the Kissimmee River supplies about 25 percent, and discharge from tributaries and groundwater seepage along the lake perimeter collectively provide the remaining 25 percent. Annually, tributary discharge from basins located on the west side of the Kissimmee River is about 5 to 6 times greater than that from basins located on the east side. For the purposes of this study, the basins on the east side of the Kissimmee River are called \"priority basins\" because of elevated phosphorus concentrations, while those on the west side are called \"nonpriority\" basins. Total annual discharge in the non-priority basins ranged from 245,000 acre-feet (acre-ft) in 2007 to 1,322,000 acre-ft in 2005, while annual discharge from the priority basins ranged from 41,000 acre-ft in 2007 to 219,000 acre-ft in 2005. Mean total phosphorus concentrations ranged from 0.10 to 0.54 milligrams per liter (mg/L) at the 16 tributaries during 2004–2008. Mean concentrations were significantly higher at priority basin sites than at non-priority basin sites, particularly at Arbuckle Creek and C 41A Canal. Concentrations of organic nitrogen plus ammonia ranged from 1.27 to 2.96 mg/L at the 16 tributaries during 2004–2008. Mean concentrations were highest at Fisheating Creek at Lake Placid (a non-priority site), and lowest at Wolff Creek, Taylor Creek near Grassy Island, and Otter Creek (three priority basin sites), and at Arbuckle Creek (a non-priority basin site). Mean concentrations of nitrite plus nitrate ranged from 0.01 to 0.55 mg/L at the 16 tributaries during 2004–2008. Mean concentrations measured in priority basins were significantly higher than those measured in non-priority basins. Nutrient concentrations were substantially lower in the non-priority basins; however, total loads were substantially higher due to discharge that was 5 to 6 times greater than from the priority basins. Total phosphorus, organic nitrogen plus ammonia, and nitrite plus nitrate loads from the non-priority basins were 1.5, 4.5, and 3.5 times greater, respectively, than were loads from the priority basins. In the non-priority basins, total phosphorus loads ranged from 35 metric tons (MT) in 2007 to 247 MT in 2005. In the priority basins, the loads ranged from 18 MT in 2007 to 136 MT in 2005. In the non-priority basins, organic nitrogen plus ammonia loads ranged from 337 MT in 2007 to 2,817 MT in 2005. In the priority basins, organic nitrogen plus ammonia loads ranged from 85 MT in 2007 to 503 MT in 2005. In the non-priority basins, nitrite plus nitrate loads ranged from 34 MT in 2007 to 143 MT in 2005. In the priority basins, nitrite plus nitrate loads ranged from 4 MT in 2007 to 27 MT in 2005.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds613","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, South Florida Water Management District, and Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services","usgsCitation":"Byrne, M., and Wood, M.S., 2011, Concentrations and loads of nutrients in the tributaries of the Lake Okeechobee watershed, south-central Florida, water years 2004-2008: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 613, v, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds613.","productDescription":"v, 22 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"22","numberOfPages":"27","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2003-12-01","temporalEnd":"2008-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":285,"text":"Florida Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254771,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_613.jpg"},{"id":254761,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/613/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Lake Okeechobee Watershed","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f988e4b0c8380cd4d665","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Byrne, Michael J.","contributorId":8550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byrne","given":"Michael J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, Molly S. 0000-0002-5184-8306 mswood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5184-8306","contributorId":788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Molly","email":"mswood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37786,"text":"WMA - Observing Systems Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70037782,"text":"70037782 - 2011 - Estimating water supply arsenic levels in the New England bladder cancer study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-05-17T01:01:41","indexId":"70037782","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-08T08:40:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1542,"text":"Environmental Health Perspectives","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating water supply arsenic levels in the New England bladder cancer study","docAbstract":"

Background: Ingestion of inorganic arsenic in drinking water is recognized as a cause of bladder cancer when levels are relatively high (≥ 150 μg/L). The epidemiologic evidence is less clear at the low-to-moderate concentrations typically observed in the United States. Accurate retrospective exposure assessment over a long time period is a major challenge in conducting epidemiologic studies of environmental factors and diseases with long latency, such as cancer.

\n

Objective: We estimated arsenic concentrations in the water supplies of 2,611 participants in a population-based case–control study in northern New England.

\n

Methods: Estimates covered the lifetimes of most study participants and were based on a combination of arsenic measurements at the homes of the participants and statistical modeling of arsenic concentrations in the water supply of both past and current homes. We assigned a residential water supply arsenic concentration for 165,138 (95%) of the total 173,361 lifetime exposure years (EYs) and a workplace water supply arsenic level for 85,195 EYs (86% of reported occupational years).

\n

Results: Three methods accounted for 93% of the residential estimates of arsenic concentration: direct measurement of water samples (27%; median, 0.3 μg/L; range, 0.1–11.5), statistical models of water utility measurement data (49%; median, 0.4 μg/L; range, 0.3–3.3), and statistical models of arsenic concentrations in wells using aquifers in New England (17%; median, 1.6 μg/L; range, 0.6–22.4).

\n

Conclusions: We used a different validation procedure for each of the three methods, and found our estimated levels to be comparable with available measured concentrations. This methodology allowed us to calculate potential drinking water exposure over long periods.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Health Perspectives","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","publisherLocation":"Research Triangle Park, NC","doi":"10.1289/ehp.1002345","usgsCitation":"Nuckols, J.R., Beane Freeman, L.E., Lubin, J.H., Airola, M.S., Baris, D., Ayotte, J., Taylor, A., Paulu, C., Karagas, M.R., Colt, J., Ward, M.H., Huang, A., Bress, W., Cherala, S., Silverman, D.T., and Cantor, K.P., 2011, Estimating water supply arsenic levels in the New England bladder cancer study: Environmental Health Perspectives, v. 119, no. 9, p. 1279-1285, https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1002345.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1279","endPage":"1285","costCenters":[{"id":468,"text":"New Hampshire-Vermont Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474741,"rank":101,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1002345","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":256866,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":256857,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1002345","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","volume":"119","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b6de4b0c8380cd52704","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nuckols, John R.","contributorId":87037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nuckols","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beane Freeman, Laura E.","contributorId":69852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beane Freeman","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lubin, Jay H.","contributorId":47251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lubin","given":"Jay","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Airola, Matthew S.","contributorId":72668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Airola","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Baris, Dalsu","contributorId":102344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baris","given":"Dalsu","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ayotte, Joseph D. jayotte@usgs.gov","contributorId":1802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayotte","given":"Joseph D.","email":"jayotte@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":462703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Taylor, Anne","contributorId":76194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Anne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Paulu, Chris","contributorId":30105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paulu","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Karagas, Margaret R.","contributorId":53247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karagas","given":"Margaret","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Colt, Joanne","contributorId":36021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colt","given":"Joanne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Ward, Mary H.","contributorId":92550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Huang, An-Tsun","contributorId":58902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huang","given":"An-Tsun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Bress, William","contributorId":21832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bress","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Cherala, Sai","contributorId":94555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cherala","given":"Sai","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Silverman, Debra T.","contributorId":105607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silverman","given":"Debra","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Cantor, Kenneth P.","contributorId":47252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cantor","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}} ,{"id":70038127,"text":"70038127 - 2011 - Understanding interaction effects of climate change and fire management on bird distributions through combined process and habitat models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-25T10:51:18","indexId":"70038127","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-07T21:12:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Understanding interaction effects of climate change and fire management on bird distributions through combined process and habitat models","docAbstract":"Avian conservation efforts must account for changes in vegetation composition and structure associated with climate change. We modeled vegetation change and the probability of occurrence of birds to project changes in winter bird distributions associated with climate change and fire management in the northern Chihuahuan Desert (southwestern U.S.A.). We simulated vegetation change in a process-based model (Landscape and Fire Simulator) in which anticipated climate change was associated with doubling of current atmospheric carbon dioxide over the next 50 years. We estimated the relative probability of bird occurrence on the basis of statistical models derived from field observations of birds and data on vegetation type, topography, and roads. We selected 3 focal species, Scaled Quail (Callipepla squamata), Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus), and Rock Wren (Salpinctes obsoletus), that had a range of probabilities of occurrence for our study area. Our simulations projected increases in relative probability of bird occurrence in shrubland and decreases in grassland and Yucca spp. and ocotillo (Fouquieria splendens) vegetation. Generally, the relative probability of occurrence of all 3 species was highest in shrubland because leaf-area index values were lower in shrubland. This high probability of occurrence likely is related to the species' use of open vegetation for foraging. Fire suppression had little effect on projected vegetation composition because as climate changed there was less fuel and burned area. Our results show that if future water limits on plant type are considered, models that incorporate spatial data may suggest how and where different species of birds may respond to vegetation changes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Conservation Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society for Conservation Biology","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1111/j.1523-1739.2011.01684.x","usgsCitation":"White, J., Gutzwiller, K.J., Barrow, W., Johnson-Randall, L., Zygo, L., and Swint, P., 2011, Understanding interaction effects of climate change and fire management on bird distributions through combined process and habitat models: Conservation Biology, v. 25, no. 3, p. 536-546, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2011.01684.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"536","endPage":"546","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":256855,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Chihuahuan Desert","volume":"25","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-04-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbc55e4b08c986b328b83","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Joseph D.","contributorId":56077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Joseph D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gutzwiller, Kevin J.","contributorId":101923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutzwiller","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barrow, Wylie C. 0000-0003-4671-2823 barroww@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4671-2823","contributorId":1988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrow","given":"Wylie C.","email":"barroww@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":463466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson-Randall, Lori 0000-0003-0100-994X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0100-994X","contributorId":43604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson-Randall","given":"Lori","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":463469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zygo, Lisa","contributorId":9898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zygo","given":"Lisa","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Swint, Pamela","contributorId":32765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swint","given":"Pamela","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70038312,"text":"sir20115172 - 2011 - Comparison of load estimation techniques and trend analysis for nitrogen, phosphorus, and suspended sediment in the Eucha-Spavinaw Basin, northwestern Arkansas and northeastern Oklahoma, 2002-10","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-26T17:27:02","indexId":"sir20115172","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-07T14:02:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5172","title":"Comparison of load estimation techniques and trend analysis for nitrogen, phosphorus, and suspended sediment in the Eucha-Spavinaw Basin, northwestern Arkansas and northeastern Oklahoma, 2002-10","docAbstract":"

The City of Tulsa, Oklahoma, uses water from Lake Eucha and Spavinaw Lake in the Eucha-Spavinaw basin of northwestern Arkansas and northeastern Oklahoma for public water supply. Increases in algal biomass, which cause taste and odor problems in drinking water produced from the lakes, may be attributable to increases in nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in the lakes and in streams discharging to the lakes. To evaluate transport of nitrogen, phosphorus, and suspended sediment in this basin, loads and temporal trends were evaluated for five streamflow-gaging stations in the Spavinaw and Beaty Creek basins.

\n

Two approaches were used to develop regression equations for estimation of loads and yields of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment. The first approach used regression equations referred to as daily mean load (DML) regressions, developed from water-quality samples and daily mean streamflow data collected from 2002 through 2010 at five streamflow-gaging stations in the basin. This approach was updated to compare loading results with those used in previous investigations. The second approach used regression equations, referred to as instantaneous continuous (INSTC) regressions, developed from continuous measurements of physical water-quality constituents (specific conductance, temperature, and turbidity, and streamflow data) obtained from 2004 through 2010 to estimate loads of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment at two of the streamflow-gaging stations, Spavinaw Creek near Colcord, Okla., and Beaty Creek near Jay, Okla. Daily, annual, and mean annual loads estimated from these two regression methods were compared for the period 2005–10.

\n

Based on estimates obtained using DML regressions, mean annual loads of 1,640,000 pounds of nitrogen, 99,900 pounds of phosphorus, and 116,000,000 pounds of sediment were transported into Lake Eucha from the Spavinaw and Beaty Creek basins. Estimated annual loads of nitrogen and phosphorus delivered to Lake Eucha from the Spavinaw and Beaty Creek basins during 2002–10 were 2.5 to 7.8 percent less, respectively, than the loads of those constituents discharged to Lake Eucha from 2002–09, indicating that nitrogen and phosphorus loads in 2010 were less than loads typical for the period 2002–09.

\n

Daily, annual, and mean annual load estimates varied substantially, depending on streamflow conditions and the independent variables used to develop regressions. Daily and annual loads estimated from INSTC regressions that included turbidity, streamflow, temperature, specific conductance, and seasonality fit better with the field data than loads estimated from DML regressions that included streamflow, seasonality, and time. Loads estimated from the INSTC regression generally were greater than those estimated from the DML regression. Relative percent differences in the mean annual total nitrogen load estimated by the INSTC and DML regressions were within 2 percent for Spavinaw Creek near Colcord, and Beaty Creek near Jay, Okla. The relative percent difference between the two types of regressions for estimates of mean annual total phosphorus loads at the two streamflow-gaging stations was 27.7 for Spavinaw Creek near Colcord, Okla., and only -2.6 percent for Beaty Creek near Jay, Okla. The relative percent difference between mean annual suspended-sediment loads at the streamflow-gaging stations was -38.6 percent for Spavinaw Creek near Colcord, Okla., and -122.7 percent for Beaty Creek near Jay, Okla. The DML regression may have substantially underestimated phosphorus load at the Spavinaw Creek near Colcord, Okla., streamflow-gaging station in wet years and overestimated sediment load at both streamflow-gaging stations in wet years.

\n

Temporal trends in flow-adjusted nitrate-nitrogen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and suspended-sediment concentrations were analyzed for the five streamflow-gaging stations for the period 2001–10. No significant trends were observed for nitrate plus nitrite-nitrogen or total nitrogen concentrations at any streamflow-gaging station. There were significant upward trends in phosphorus concentrations in water samples collected during base-flow conditions at the Spavinaw Creek near Maysville, Okla., streamflow-gaging station and during runoff conditions for the Beaty Creek near Jay, Okla., streamflow-gaging station (3.5 to 4.2 percent per year). There were significant downward trends in phosphorus concentrations in base-flow and runoff samples collected at the Spavinaw Creek near Cherokee City, Sycamore, and Colcord, Okla., streamflow-gaging stations (-4.9 to -12.9 percent per year). There were significant downward trends in suspended-sediment concentration at the Spavinaw Creek near Maysville, and Sycamore, Okla., and the Beaty Creek near Jay, Okla., streamflow-gaging stations (-1.5 to -1.8 percent per year). No significant trends were detected in suspended-sediment concentration for the Spavinaw Creek near Cherokee City, and Colcord, Okla., streamflow-gaging stations.

\n

Possible causes for downward trends in phosphorus concentrations include decreases in phosphorus discharges from a wastewater-treatment plant upstream from the Spavinaw Creek near Cherokee City, Okla., streamflow-gaging station, and implementation of best management practices in the basin. Downward trends in sediment concentrations may be related to effects of best management practices in the basin.

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contributions by Norman L. Hatch Jr., Douglas W. Rankin, Barry L. Doolan, Jonathan Kim, Charlotte J. Mehrtens, John N. Aleinikoff, and J. Gregory McHone. Cartography by Linda M. Masonic.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f04de4b0c8380cd4a6d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ratcliffe, Nicholas M. 0000-0002-7922-5784 nratclif@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7922-5784","contributorId":4167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratcliffe","given":"Nicholas","email":"nratclif@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":463570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stanley, Rolfe S.","contributorId":62661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"Rolfe","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gale, Marjorie H.","contributorId":27586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gale","given":"Marjorie","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thompson, Peter J.","contributorId":56523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Walsh, Gregory J. 0000-0003-4264-8836 gwalsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4264-8836","contributorId":873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"Gregory","email":"gwalsh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70038060,"text":"70038060 - 2011 - An adaptive approach to invasive plant management on U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service-owned native prairies in the Prairie Pothole Region: decision support under uncertainity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-26T09:22:09","indexId":"70038060","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"An adaptive approach to invasive plant management on U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service-owned native prairies in the Prairie Pothole Region: decision support under uncertainity","docAbstract":"Much of the native prairie managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) in the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) is extensively invaded by the introduced cool-season grasses smooth brome (Bromus inermis) and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis). The central challenge to managers is selecting appropriate management actions in the face of biological and environmental uncertainties. We describe the technical components of a USGS management project, and explain how the components integrate and inform each other, how data feedback from individual cooperators serves to reduce uncertainty across the whole region, and how a successful adaptive management project is coordinated and maintained on a large scale. In partnership with the Service, the U.S. Geological Survey is developing an adaptive decision support framework to assist managers in selecting management actions under uncertainty and maximizing learning from management outcomes. The framework is built around practical constraints faced by refuge managers and includes identification of the management objective and strategies, analysis of uncertainty and construction of competing decision models, monitoring, and mechanisms for model feedback and decision selection. Nineteen Service field stations, spanning four states of the PPR, are participating in the project. They share a common management objective, available management strategies, and biological uncertainties. While the scope is broad, the project interfaces with individual land managers who provide refuge-specific information and receive updated decision guidance that incorporates understanding gained from the collective experience of all cooperators.","largerWorkTitle":"North American Prairie Conference","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Gannon, J., Moore, C., Shaffer, T.L., and Flanders-Wanner, B., 2011, An adaptive approach to invasive plant management on U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service-owned native prairies in the Prairie Pothole Region: decision support under uncertainity (22), v. 22, 10 p.: 136-145.","productDescription":"10 p.: 136-145","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254544,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Prairie Pothole Region","volume":"22","edition":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9e1e4b0c8380cd484e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gannon, Jill J.","contributorId":12722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gannon","given":"Jill J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, Clinton T.","contributorId":9767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Clinton T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shaffer, Terry L. 0000-0001-6950-8951 tshaffer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6950-8951","contributorId":3192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaffer","given":"Terry","email":"tshaffer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Flanders-Wanner, Bridgette","contributorId":95728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flanders-Wanner","given":"Bridgette","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70037961,"text":"ofr20111184 - 2011 - High-resolution geophysical data from the sea floor surrounding the Western Elizabeth Islands, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:35","indexId":"ofr20111184","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1184","title":"High-resolution geophysical data from the sea floor surrounding the Western Elizabeth Islands, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"Geophysical and geospatial data were collected in the nearshore area surrounding the western Elizabeth Islands, Massachusetts on the U.S. Geological Survey research vessel Rafael during September 2010 in a collaborative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey and the Massachusetts, Office of Coastal Zone Management. This report describes the results of the short-term goals of this collaborative effort, which were to map the geology of the inner shelf zone of the western Elizabeth Islands and study the geologic processes that have contributed to its evolution. Data collected during the survey include: Bathymetric and sidescan-sonar data, chirp seismic-reflection data , sound velocity profiles, and navigation data. The long-term goals of this project are to provide high-resolution geophysical data that will support research on the influence of sea-level change and sediment supply on coastal evolution and inventory subtidal marine habitat type and distribution within the coastal zone of Massachusetts.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111184","usgsCitation":"Pendleton, E., Twichell, D.C., Foster, D.S., Worley, C.R., Irwin, B.J., and Danforth, W.W., 2011, High-resolution geophysical data from the sea floor surrounding the Western Elizabeth Islands, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1184, HTML Document; DVD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111184.","productDescription":"HTML Document; DVD-ROM","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science 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C.","contributorId":37730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twichell","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":463177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Foster, David S. 0000-0003-1205-0884 dfoster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1205-0884","contributorId":1320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"David","email":"dfoster@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Worley, Charles R. cworley@usgs.gov","contributorId":3063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Worley","given":"Charles","email":"cworley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Irwin, Barry J. birwin@usgs.gov","contributorId":3889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"Barry","email":"birwin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Danforth, William W. 0000-0002-6382-9487 bdanforth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6382-9487","contributorId":3292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danforth","given":"William","email":"bdanforth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70037951,"text":"sir20115144 - 2011 - Peak-flow characteristics of Virginia streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-26T13:18:18","indexId":"sir20115144","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5144","title":"Peak-flow characteristics of Virginia streams","docAbstract":"Peak-flow annual exceedance probabilities, also called probability-percent chance flow estimates, and regional regression equations are provided describing the peak-flow characteristics of Virginia streams. Statistical methods are used to evaluate peak-flow data. Analysis of Virginia peak-flow data collected from 1895 through 2007 is summarized. Methods are provided for estimating unregulated peak flow of gaged and ungaged streams. Station peak-flow characteristics identified by fitting the logarithms of annual peak flows to a Log Pearson Type III frequency distribution yield annual exceedance probabilities of 0.5, 0.4292, 0.2, 0.1, 0.04, 0.02, 0.01, 0.005, and 0.002 for 476 streamgaging stations. Stream basin characteristics computed using spatial data and a geographic information system are used as explanatory variables in regional regression model equations for six physiographic regions to estimate regional annual exceedance probabilities at gaged and ungaged sites. Weighted peak-flow values that combine annual exceedance probabilities computed from gaging station data and from regional regression equations provide improved peak-flow estimates. Text, figures, and lists are provided summarizing selected peak-flow sites, delineated physiographic regions, peak-flow estimates, basin characteristics, regional regression model equations, error estimates, definitions, data sources, and candidate regression model equations. This study supersedes previous studies of peak flows in Virginia.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115144","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Virginia Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Austin, S.H., Krstolic, J.L., and Wiegand, U., 2011, Peak-flow characteristics of Virginia streams: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5144, iv, 106 p.; Tables 1-6; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115144.","productDescription":"iv, 106 p.; Tables 1-6; Appendices","temporalStart":"1895-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":598,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey, Richmond, VA","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":642,"text":"West Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254426,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5144.gif"},{"id":254424,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5144/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83.61666666666666,36.516666666666666 ], [ -83.61666666666666,39.61666666666667 ], [ -75.21666666666667,39.61666666666667 ], [ -75.21666666666667,36.516666666666666 ], [ -83.61666666666666,36.516666666666666 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7613e4b0c8380cd77eea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Austin, Samuel H. 0000-0001-5626-023X saustin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5626-023X","contributorId":153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Austin","given":"Samuel","email":"saustin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krstolic, Jennifer L. 0000-0003-2253-9886 jkrstoli@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2253-9886","contributorId":3677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krstolic","given":"Jennifer","email":"jkrstoli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37759,"text":"VA/WV Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wiegand, Ute","contributorId":76412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiegand","given":"Ute","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70037950,"text":"sir20115143 - 2011 - Low-flow characteristics of Virginia streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-28T14:11:07","indexId":"sir20115143","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5143","title":"Low-flow characteristics of Virginia streams","docAbstract":"Low-flow annual non-exceedance probabilities (ANEP), called probability-percent chance (P-percent chance) flow estimates, regional regression equations, and transfer methods are provided describing the low-flow characteristics of Virginia streams. Statistical methods are used to evaluate streamflow data. Analysis of Virginia streamflow data collected from 1895 through 2007 is summarized. Methods are provided for estimating low-flow characteristics of gaged and ungaged streams. The 1-, 4-, 7-, and 30-day average streamgaging station low-flow characteristics for 290 long-term, continuous-record, streamgaging stations are determined, adjusted for instances of zero flow using a conditional probability adjustment method, and presented for non-exceedance probabilities of 0.9, 0.8, 0.7, 0.6, 0.5, 0.4, 0.3, 0.2, 0.1, 0.05, 0.02, 0.01, and 0.005. Stream basin characteristics computed using spatial data and a geographic information system are used as explanatory variables in regional regression equations to estimate annual non-exceedance probabilities at gaged and ungaged sites and are summarized for 290 long-term, continuous-record streamgaging stations, 136 short-term, continuous-record streamgaging stations, and 613 partial-record streamgaging stations. Regional regression equations for six physiographic regions use basin characteristics to estimate 1-, 4-, 7-, and 30-day average low-flow annual non-exceedance probabilities at gaged and ungaged sites. Weighted low-flow values that combine computed streamgaging station low-flow characteristics and annual non-exceedance probabilities from regional regression equations provide improved low-flow estimates. Regression equations developed using the Maintenance of Variance with Extension (MOVE.1) method describe the line of organic correlation (LOC) with an appropriate index site for low-flow characteristics at 136 short-term, continuous-record streamgaging stations and 613 partial-record streamgaging stations. Monthly streamflow statistics computed on the individual daily mean streamflows of selected continuous-record streamgaging stations and curves describing flow-duration are presented. Text, figures, and lists are provided summarizing low-flow estimates, selected low-flow sites, delineated physiographic regions, basin characteristics, regression equations, error estimates, definitions, and data sources. This study supersedes previous studies of low flows in Virginia.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115143","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Austin, S.H., Krstolic, J.L., and Wiegand, U., 2011, Low-flow characteristics of Virginia streams: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5143, v, 122 p.; Tables 1-12, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115143.","productDescription":"v, 122 p.; Tables 1-12","numberOfPages":"127","temporalStart":"1895-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":598,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey, Richmond, VA","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":254427,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5143.gif"},{"id":254423,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5143/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83.61666666666666,36.516666666666666 ], [ -83.61666666666666,39.61666666666667 ], [ -75.21666666666667,39.61666666666667 ], [ -75.21666666666667,36.516666666666666 ], [ -83.61666666666666,36.516666666666666 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4a2de4b0c8380cd68b89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Austin, Samuel H. 0000-0001-5626-023X saustin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5626-023X","contributorId":153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Austin","given":"Samuel","email":"saustin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krstolic, Jennifer L. 0000-0003-2253-9886 jkrstoli@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2253-9886","contributorId":3677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krstolic","given":"Jennifer","email":"jkrstoli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":37759,"text":"VA/WV Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":463138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wiegand, Ute","contributorId":76412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiegand","given":"Ute","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":463139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70004049,"text":"70004049 - 2011 - 88 hours: The U.S. Geological Survey National Earthquake Information Center response to the March 11, 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-31T14:35:41.223232","indexId":"70004049","displayToPublicDate":"2012-04-01T11:27:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"88 hours: The U.S. Geological Survey National Earthquake Information Center response to the March 11, 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku earthquake","title":"88 hours: The U.S. Geological Survey National Earthquake Information Center response to the March 11, 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku earthquake","docAbstract":"

The M 9.0 11 March 2011 Tohoku, Japan, earthquake and associated tsunami near the east coast of the island of Honshu caused tens of thousands of deaths and potentially over one trillion dollars in damage, resulting in one of the worst natural disasters ever recorded. The U.S. Geological Survey National Earthquake Information Center (USGS NEIC), through its responsibility to respond to all significant global earthquakes as part of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program, quickly produced and distributed a suite of earthquake information products to inform emergency responders, the public, the media, and the academic community of the earthquake's potential impact and to provide scientific background for the interpretation of the event's tectonic context and potential for future hazard. Here we present a timeline of the NEIC response to this devastating earthquake in the context of rapidly evolving information emanating from the global earthquake-response community. The timeline includes both internal and publicly distributed products, the relative timing of which highlights the inherent tradeoffs between the requirement to provide timely alerts and the necessity for accurate, authoritative information. The timeline also documents the iterative and evolutionary nature of the standard products produced by the NEIC and includes a behind-the-scenes look at the decisions, data, and analysis tools that drive our rapid product distribution.

","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Albany, CA","doi":"10.1785/gssrl.82.4.481","usgsCitation":"Hayes, G.P., Earle, P.S., Benz, H.M., Wald, D.J., and Briggs, R.W., 2011, 88 hours: The U.S. Geological Survey National Earthquake Information Center response to the March 11, 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku earthquake: Seismological Research Letters, v. 82, no. 4, p. 481-493, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.82.4.481.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"481","endPage":"493","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":378111,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Japan","otherGeospatial":"Tohoku","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 138.71337890625,\n 38.048091067457236\n ],\n [\n 142.1630859375,\n 38.048091067457236\n ],\n [\n 142.1630859375,\n 41.68932225997044\n ],\n [\n 138.71337890625,\n 41.68932225997044\n ],\n [\n 138.71337890625,\n 38.048091067457236\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"82","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e26fe4b0c8380cd45ba1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hayes, Gavin P. 0000-0003-3323-0112 ghayes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3323-0112","contributorId":147556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Gavin","email":"ghayes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":797874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Earle, Paul S. 0000-0002-3500-017X pearle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3500-017X","contributorId":173551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Earle","given":"Paul","email":"pearle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":797875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Benz, Harley M. 0000-0002-6860-2134 benz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6860-2134","contributorId":794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benz","given":"Harley","email":"benz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":797876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wald, David J. 0000-0002-1454-4514 wald@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-4514","contributorId":795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"David","email":"wald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":797877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Briggs, Richard W. 0000-0001-8108-0046 rbriggs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8108-0046","contributorId":139002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Richard","email":"rbriggs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":797878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70037857,"text":"70037857 - 2011 - Comparison of two parametric methods to estimate pesticide mass loads in California's Central Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-20T12:41:13","indexId":"70037857","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-25T15:07:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of two parametric methods to estimate pesticide mass loads in California's Central Valley","docAbstract":"Mass loadings were calculated for four pesticides in two watersheds with different land uses in the Central Valley, California, by using two parametric models: (1) the Seasonal Wave model (SeaWave), in which a pulse signal is used to describe the annual cycle of pesticide occurrence in a stream, and (2) the Sine Wave model, in which first-order Fourier series sine and cosine terms are used to simulate seasonal mass loading patterns. The models were applied to data collected during water years 1997 through 2005. The pesticides modeled were carbaryl, diazinon, metolachlor, and molinate. Results from the two models show that the ability to capture seasonal variations in pesticide concentrations was affected by pesticide use patterns and the methods by which pesticides are transported to streams. Estimated seasonal loads compared well with results from previous studies for both models. Loads estimated by the two models did not differ significantly from each other, with the exceptions of carbaryl and molinate during the precipitation season, where loads were affected by application patterns and rainfall. However, in watersheds with variable and intermittent pesticide applications, the SeaWave model is more suitable for use on the basis of its robust capability of describing seasonal variation of pesticide concentrations.","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","publisherLocation":"Middleburg, VA","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00506.x","usgsCitation":"Saleh, D.K., Lorenz, D.L., and Domagalski, J.L., 2011, Comparison of two parametric methods to estimate pesticide mass loads in California's Central Valley: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 47, no. 2, p. 254-264, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00506.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"254","endPage":"264","numberOfPages":"11","temporalStart":"1996-10-01","temporalEnd":"2005-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246930,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Central Valley","volume":"47","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f8bae4b0c8380cd4d263","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saleh, Dina K. 0000-0002-1406-9303","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1406-9303","contributorId":24737,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Saleh","given":"Dina","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":16706,"text":"California State University, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":462890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lorenz, David L. 0000-0003-3392-4034 lorenz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3392-4034","contributorId":1384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenz","given":"David","email":"lorenz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Domagalski, Joseph L. 0000-0002-6032-757X joed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6032-757X","contributorId":1330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domagalski","given":"Joseph","email":"joed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70037862,"text":"ofr20111156 - 2011 - Carolinas Coastal Change Processes Project data report for observations near Diamond Shoals, North Carolina, January-May 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-14T01:01:39","indexId":"ofr20111156","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-21T09:55:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1156","title":"Carolinas Coastal Change Processes Project data report for observations near Diamond Shoals, North Carolina, January-May 2009","docAbstract":"This Open-File Report provides information collected for an oceanographic field study that occurred during January - May 2009 to investigate processes that control the sediment transport dynamics at Diamond Shoals, North Carolina. The objective of this report is to make the data available in digital form and to provide information to facilitate further analysis of the data. The report describes the background, experimental setup, equipment, and locations of the sensor deployments. The edited data are presented in time-series plots for rapid visualization of the data set, and in data files that are in the Network Common Data Format (netcdf). Supporting observational data are also included.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111156","usgsCitation":"Armstrong, B., Warner, J., Voulgaris, G., List, J., Thieler, E.R., Martini, M.A., and Montgomery, E., 2011, Carolinas Coastal Change Processes Project data report for observations near Diamond Shoals, North Carolina, January-May 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1156, HTML Document; Metlab M-files Downloads; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111156.","productDescription":"HTML Document; Metlab M-files Downloads; Metadata","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246798,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1156.jpg"},{"id":246791,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1156/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Diamond Shoals","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.63333333333334,35.06666666666667 ], [ -75.63333333333334,35.3 ], [ -75.26666666666667,35.3 ], [ -75.26666666666667,35.06666666666667 ], [ -75.63333333333334,35.06666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f37fe4b0c8380cd4b848","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Armstrong, Brandy N.","contributorId":98981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armstrong","given":"Brandy N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warner, John C. 0000-0002-3734-8903 jcwarner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3734-8903","contributorId":2681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"John C.","email":"jcwarner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Voulgaris, George","contributorId":26377,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Voulgaris","given":"George","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27143,"text":"University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":462908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"List, Jeffrey H. jlist@usgs.gov","contributorId":2416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"List","given":"Jeffrey H.","email":"jlist@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":462904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thieler, E. Robert 0000-0003-4311-9717 rthieler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4311-9717","contributorId":2488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thieler","given":"E.","email":"rthieler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Robert","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Martini, Marinna A. 0000-0002-7757-5158 mmartini@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7757-5158","contributorId":2456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martini","given":"Marinna","email":"mmartini@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Montgomery, Ellyn T.","contributorId":78038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montgomery","given":"Ellyn T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70037767,"text":"70037767 - 2011 - Statistical models of temperature in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta under climate-change scenarios and ecological implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-30T12:41:24","indexId":"70037767","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-18T15:49:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Statistical models of temperature in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta under climate-change scenarios and ecological implications","docAbstract":"Changes in water temperatures caused by climate change in California's Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta will affect the ecosystem through physiological rates of fishes and invertebrates. This study presents statistical models that can be used to forecast water temperature within the Delta as a response to atmospheric conditions. The daily average model performed well (R2 values greater than 0.93 during verification periods) for all stations within the Delta and San Francisco Bay provided there was at least 1 year of calibration data. To provide long-term projections of Delta water temperature, we forced the model with downscaled data from climate scenarios. Based on these projections, the ecological implications for the delta smelt, a key species, were assessed based on temperature thresholds. The model forecasts increases in the number of days above temperatures causing high mortality (especially along the Sacramento River) and a shift in thermal conditions for spawning to earlier in the year.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s12237-010-9369-z","usgsCitation":"Wagner, R.W., Stacey, M., Brown, L.R., and Dettinger, M., 2011, Statistical models of temperature in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta under climate-change scenarios and ecological implications: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 34, no. 3, p. 544-556, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-010-9369-z.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"544","endPage":"556","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474750,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-010-9369-z","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":246841,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento Delta;San Joaquin Delta","volume":"34","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9736e4b08c986b31b954","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wagner, R. Wayne","contributorId":40339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Wayne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stacey, Mark T.","contributorId":94531,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stacey","given":"Mark T.","affiliations":[{"id":12776,"text":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":462657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Larry R. 0000-0001-6702-4531 lrbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6702-4531","contributorId":1717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Larry","email":"lrbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dettinger, Mike 0000-0002-7509-7332 mddettin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dettinger","given":"Mike","email":"mddettin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":462654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70037811,"text":"70037811 - 2011 - Parsing demographic effects of canine parvovirus on a Minnesota wolf population","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-18T11:51:45.661005","indexId":"70037811","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-18T13:04:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2494,"text":"Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Parsing demographic effects of canine parvovirus on a Minnesota wolf population","docAbstract":"We examined 35 years of relationships among wolf (Canis lupus) pup survival, population change and canine parvovirus (CPV) seroprevalence in Northeastern Minnesota to determine when CPV exerted its strongest effects. Using correlation analysis of data from five periods of 7-years each from 1973 through 2007, we learned that the strongest effect of CPV on pup survival (r = -0.73) and on wolf population change (r = -0.92) was during 1987 to 1993. After that, little effect was documented despite a mean CPV seroprevalence from 1994 of 2007 of 70.8% compared with 52.6% during 1987 to 1993. We conclude that after CPV became endemic and produced its peak effect on the study population, that population developed enough immunity to withstand the disease.","language":"English","publisher":"Academic Journals","doi":"10.5897/JVMAH.9000018","usgsCitation":"Mech, L.D., and Goyal, S.M., 2011, Parsing demographic effects of canine parvovirus on a Minnesota wolf population: Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, v. 3, no. 2, p. 27-30, https://doi.org/10.5897/JVMAH.9000018.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"27","endPage":"30","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246834,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":246822,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://academicjournals.org/journal/JVMAH/edition/June_2011","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.57080078125,\n 46.649436163350245\n ],\n [\n -89.47265625,\n 48.07807894349862\n ],\n [\n -93.27392578125,\n 48.60385760823255\n ],\n [\n -93.955078125,\n 48.60385760823255\n ],\n [\n -94.130859375,\n 46.5286346952717\n ],\n [\n -92.57080078125,\n 46.649436163350245\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7517e4b0c8380cd779a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goyal, Sagar M.","contributorId":48006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goyal","given":"Sagar","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70037774,"text":"sim3168 - 2011 - Geologic map of Io","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-16T17:55:15.684621","indexId":"sim3168","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-14T08:58:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3168","title":"Geologic map of Io","docAbstract":"

Io, discovered by Galileo Galilei on January 7–13, 1610, is the innermost of the four Galilean satellites of the planet Jupiter (Galilei, 1610). It is the most volcanically active object in the Solar System, as recognized by observations from six National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) spacecraft: Voyager 1 (March 1979), Voyager 2 (July 1979), Hubble Space Telescope (1990–present), Galileo (1996–2001), Cassini (December 2000), and New Horizons (February 2007). The lack of impact craters on Io in any spacecraft images at any resolution attests to the high resurfacing rate (1 cm/yr) and the dominant role of active volcanism in shaping its surface. High-temperature hot spots detected by the Galileo Solid-State Imager (SSI), Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS), and Photopolarimeter-Radiometer (PPR) usually correlate with darkest materials on the surface, suggesting active volcanism. The Voyager flybys obtained complete coverage of Io's subjovian hemisphere at 500 m/pixel to 2 km/pixel, and most of the rest of the satellite at 5–20 km/pixel. Repeated Galileo flybys obtained complementary coverage of Io's antijovian hemisphere at 5 m/pixel to 1.4 km/pixel. Thus, the Voyager and Galileo data sets were merged to enable the characterization of the whole surface of the satellite at a consistent resolution. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) produced a set of four global mosaics of Io in visible wavelengths at a spatial resolution of 1 km/pixel, released in February 2006, which we have used as base maps for this new global geologic map. Much has been learned about Io's volcanism, tectonics, degradation, and interior since the Voyager flybys, primarily during and following the Galileo Mission at Jupiter (December 1995–September 2003), and the results have been summarized in books published after the end of the Galileo Mission. Our mapping incorporates this new understanding to assist in map unit definition and to provide a global synthesis of Io's geology.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3168","usgsCitation":"Williams, D., Keszthelyi, L., Crown, D., Yff, J.A., Jaeger, W.L., Schenk, P., Geissler, P.E., and Becker, T.L., 2011, Geologic map of Io: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3168, Report: i, 25 p.; 1 Sheet: 55.32 x 39.89 inches; Data Release; Readme; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3168.","productDescription":"Report: i, 25 p.; 1 Sheet: 55.32 x 39.89 inches; Data Release; Readme; Metadata","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":400824,"rank":8,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9AR29OC","text":"Interactive map","linkHelpText":"- Geologic Map of Io, 1:15M. Williams et al. (2011)"},{"id":377850,"rank":7,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3168/Io_SIM3168_Database.zip","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":377836,"rank":6,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3168/sim3168_metadata.txt"},{"id":377835,"rank":5,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3168/sim3168_readme.txt"},{"id":377834,"rank":4,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3168/sim3168_sheet.pdf"},{"id":377849,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3168/"},{"id":377833,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3168/sim3168_pamphlet.pdf"},{"id":246648,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3168.gif"}],"scale":"15000000","projection":"Mercator","otherGeospatial":"Io","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1a33e4b0c8380cd55ba3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, David A.","contributorId":84604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"David A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keszthelyi, Laszlo P. 0000-0003-1879-4331 laz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1879-4331","contributorId":52802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keszthelyi","given":"Laszlo P.","email":"laz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crown, David A.","contributorId":102582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crown","given":"David A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yff, Jessica A.","contributorId":9098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yff","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jaeger, Windy L.","contributorId":61679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaeger","given":"Windy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schenk, Paul M.","contributorId":66946,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schenk","given":"Paul M.","affiliations":[{"id":12445,"text":"Lunar and Planetary Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":462679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Geissler, Paul E. pgeissler@usgs.gov","contributorId":2811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geissler","given":"Paul","email":"pgeissler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Becker, Tammy L. tbecker@usgs.gov","contributorId":4388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becker","given":"Tammy","email":"tbecker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70037732,"text":"sim3171 - 2011 - Bedrock geologic map of the Grafton quadrangle, Worcester County, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-23T14:47:18.926255","indexId":"sim3171","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3171","title":"Bedrock geologic map of the Grafton quadrangle, Worcester County, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"The bedrock geology of the 7.5-minute Grafton, Massachusetts, quadrangle consists of deformed Neoproterozoic to early Paleozoic crystalline metamorphic and intrusive igneous rocks. Neoproterozoic intrusive, metasedimentary, and metavolcanic rocks crop out in the Avalon zone, and Cambrian to Silurian intrusive, metasedimentary, and metavolcanic rocks crop out in the Nashoba zone. Rocks of the Avalon and Nashoba zones, or terranes, are separated by the Bloody Bluff fault. The bedrock geology was mapped to study the tectonic history of the area and to provide a framework for ongoing hydrogeologic characterization of the fractured bedrock of Massachusetts. \r\n\r\nThis report presents mapping by G.J. Walsh, geochronology by J.N. Aleinikoff, geochemistry by M.J. Dorais, and consists of a map, text pamphlet, and GIS database. The map and text pamphlet are available in paper format or as downloadable files (see frame at right). The GIS database is available for download. The database includes contacts of bedrock geologic units, faults, outcrops, structural geologic information, and photographs.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3171","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Massachusetts Geological Survey, Brigham Young University","usgsCitation":"Walsh, G.J., Aleinikoff, J.N., and Dorais, M.J., 2011, Bedrock geologic map of the Grafton quadrangle, Worcester County, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3171, Pamphlet: iv, 39 p.; 1 Plate: 46.08 x 32.24 inches; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3171.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: iv, 39 p.; 1 Plate: 46.08 x 32.24 inches; Downloads Directory","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246623,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3171.jpg"},{"id":398863,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_96567.htm"},{"id":246620,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3171/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Polyconic projection","datum":"North American Datum 1927","country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","county":"Worcester County","otherGeospatial":"Grafton quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.75,\n 42.125\n ],\n [\n -71.625,\n 42.125\n ],\n [\n -71.625,\n 42.25\n ],\n [\n -71.75,\n 42.25\n ],\n [\n -71.75,\n 42.125\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f057e4b0c8380cd4a6fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walsh, Gregory J. 0000-0003-4264-8836 gwalsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4264-8836","contributorId":873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"Gregory","email":"gwalsh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aleinikoff, John N. 0000-0003-3494-6841 jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":1478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"John","email":"jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dorais, Michael J.","contributorId":23302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorais","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70037735,"text":"sir20115084 - 2011 - Cobalt mineral exploration and supply from 1995 through 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-30T16:43:35","indexId":"sir20115084","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5084","title":"Cobalt mineral exploration and supply from 1995 through 2013","docAbstract":"The global mining industry has invested a large amount of capital in mineral exploration and development over the past 15 years in an effort to ensure that sufficient resources are available to meet future increases in demand for minerals. Exploration data have been used to identify specific sites where this investment has led to a significant contribution in global mineral supply of cobalt or where a significant increase in cobalt production capacity is anticipated in the next 5 years. This report provides an overview of the cobalt industry, factors affecting mineral supply, and circumstances surrounding the development, or lack thereof, of key mineral properties with the potential to affect mineral supply. Of the 48 sites with an effective production capacity of at least 1,000 metric tons per year of cobalt considered for this study, 3 producing sites underwent significant expansion during the study period, 10 exploration sites commenced production from 1995 through 2008, and 16 sites were expected to begin production by 2013 if planned development schedules are met.\r\n\r\nCobalt supply is influenced by economic, environmental, political, and technological factors affecting exploration for and production of copper, nickel, and other metals as well as factors affecting the cobalt industry. Cobalt-rich nickel laterite deposits were discovered and developed in Australia and the South Pacific and improvements in laterite processing technology took place during the 1990s and early in the first decade of the 21st century when mining of copper-cobalt deposits in Congo (Kinshasa) was restricted because of regional conflict and lack of investment in that country's mining sector. There was also increased exploration for and greater importance placed on cobalt as a byproduct of nickel mining in Australia and Canada. The emergence of China as a major refined cobalt producer and consumer since 2007 has changed the pattern of demand for cobalt, particularly from Africa and Australasia. Chinese companies are increasingly becoming involved in copper and cobalt exploration and mining in Congo (Kinshasa) and Zambia as well as nickel, copper, and other mining in Australia and the South Pacific. Between 2009 and 2013, mines with a cumulative capacity of more than 100,000 metric tons per year of cobalt were proposed to come into production if all sites came into production as scheduled. This additional capacity corresponds to 175 percent of the 2008 global refinery production level. About 45 percent of this cobalt would be from primary nickel deposits, about 32 percent from primary copper deposits, and about 21 percent from primary cobalt deposits. By 2013, about 40 percent of new capacity was expected to come from the African Copperbelt; 38 percent, from Australia and the South Pacific countries of Philippines, Indonesia, New Caledonia, and Papua New Guinea; 11 percent, from other African countries; 5 percent, from North America; and 6 percent, from other areas.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115084","usgsCitation":"Wilburn, D.R., 2011, Cobalt mineral exploration and supply from 1995 through 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5084, iii, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115084.","productDescription":"iii, 16 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"1995-01-01","temporalEnd":"2013-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246621,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5084/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":246626,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5084.gif"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f797e4b0c8380cd4cbcc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilburn, David R. 0000-0002-5371-7617 wilburn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5371-7617","contributorId":1755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilburn","given":"David","email":"wilburn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70009679,"text":"70009679 - 2011 - The science of trail surveys: Recreation ecology provides new tools for managing wilderness trails","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-15T17:28:15","indexId":"70009679","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-11T16:22:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3014,"text":"Park Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The science of trail surveys: Recreation ecology provides new tools for managing wilderness trails","docAbstract":"Recreation ecology examines the effects of recreation on protected area ecosystems. One core focus of recreation ecology research is trail science, including the development of efficient protocols to assess and monitor the type and severity of resource impacts, analyses to improve knowledge of factors that influence trail conditions, and studies to assist land managers in improving trail design, maintenance, and visitor management. This article reviews alternative trail survey methodologies most useful for the management of wilderness and backcountry trail networks. Illustrations and implications from survey data for trail planning, design, and management are included.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Park Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","usgsCitation":"Marion, J.L., Wimpey, J.F., and Park, L.O., 2011, The science of trail surveys: Recreation ecology provides new tools for managing wilderness trails: Park Science, v. 28, no. 3, 6 p.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246760,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":246758,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://profile.usgs.gov/myscience/upload_folder/ci2012Feb2415014936429Park%20Science%20Trail%20Survey%20paper.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","volume":"28","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bafb8e4b08c986b3249cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marion, Jeffrey L.","contributorId":56322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marion","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":356849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wimpey, Jeremy F.","contributorId":83769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wimpey","given":"Jeremy","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Park, Logan O.","contributorId":35161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Park","given":"Logan","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70009657,"text":"pp1786 - 2011 - Stratigraphy and depositional environments of the upper Pleistocene Chemehuevi Formation along the lower Colorado River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-21T15:54:02","indexId":"pp1786","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1786","title":"Stratigraphy and depositional environments of the upper Pleistocene Chemehuevi Formation along the lower Colorado River","docAbstract":"The Chemehuevi Formation forms a conspicuous, widespread, and correlative set of nonmarine sediments lining the valleys of the Colorado River and several of its larger tributaries in the Basin and Range geologic province. These sediments have been examined by geologists since J. S. Newberry visited the region in 1857 and are widely cited in the geologic literature; however their origin remains unresolved and their stratigraphic context has been confused by inconsistent nomenclature and by conflicting interpretations of their origin. This is one of the most prominent stratigraphic units along the river below the Grand Canyon, and the formation records an important event or set of events in the history of the Colorado River. Here we summarize what is known about these deposits throughout their range, present new stratigraphic, sedimentologic, topographic, and tephrochronologic data, and formally define them as a lithostratigraphic unit. The Chemehuevi Formation consists primarily of a bluff-forming mud facies, consisting of gypsum-bearing, horizontally bedded sand, silt, and clay, and a slope-forming sand facies containing poorly bedded, well sorted, quartz rich sand and scattered gravel. The sedimentary characteristics and fossil assemblages of the two facies types suggest that they were deposited in flood plain and channel environments, respectively. In addition to these two primary facies, we identify three other mappable facies in the formation: a thick-bedded rhythmite facies, now drowned by Lake Mead; a valley-margin facies containing abundant locally derived sediment; and several tributary facies consisting of mixed fluvial and lacustrine deposits in the lower parts of major tributary valleys. Observations from the subsurface and at outcrops near the elevation of the modern flood plain suggest that the formation also contains a regional basal gravel member. Surveys of numerous outcrops using high-precision GPS demonstrate that although the sand facies commonly overlies the mud facies where the two are found together, contacts between the two occur over a range in elevation, and as a consequence, the sand and mud facies are similarly distributed both horizontally and vertically throughout the valley. Collectively, the outcrops of the formation lie below a smooth elevation envelope that slopes 50 percent more steeply than the historic (pre-Hoover Dam) valley, from nearly 150 m above the historic flood plain near the mouth of the Grand Canyon to less than 30 m above the flood plain at the head of the flood plain near Yuma, Arizona. The steepness of the valley at the peak of aggradation probably represents a depositional slope. Layers of fine grained volcanic tephra have been found below and within the Chemehuevi Formation at five widely separated sites, one of which is now submerged beneath Lake Mead. Major element geochemistry of glass shards from the four accessible tephra sites were analyzed. Three of the sampled tephra layers are interbedded within the Chemehuevi Formation, and a fourth tephra conformably underlies the formation. The three interbedded tephra layers are similar enough to one another that they are probably from the same eruptive unit, hereafter referred to as the Monkey Rock tephra bed. The other sample, which locally underlies the formation, is similar enough to the Monkey Rock tephra bed to suggest it is from the same volcanic source area; however, it may not be from the same eruption, and thus may not be the same age. On the basis of the stratigraphic contexts of chemically similar tephra layers found elsewhere in the Basin and Range, we suspect that the source area is the Mammoth Mountain dome complex in Long Valley, east-central California. Two samples of proximal Mammoth Mountain pumice were analyzed and produced geochemical signatures similar to all four of the Chemehuevi Formation tephra, supporting Mammoth Mountain as a possible source area. The Mammoth Mountain volcanic center produced eruptions between about 111±2 and 57±2 ka and was most active in the later part of this time interval, during Marine Oxygen Isotope (MOI) stage 4 (between 74 and 59 ka ago). Chemically similar tephra in cores from Owens Lake and Walker Lake are approximately 70 and 74 ky old, based on age models of those cores. Other lines of stratigraphic evidence from nine tephra-containing sections in the Basin and Range are also consistent with an age assignment for the Monkey Rock tephra of ~72 ky, near the beginning of MOI stage 4. We propose to designate the Chemehuevi Formation as a formal lithostratigraphic unit, and propose as the type section a well exposed outcrop near the ranger station at Katherine Landing, Arizona, in the Lake Mead National Recreation Area. This exposure shows the two dominant facies, an example of one of the four known tephra layers, and interbedded lenses of locally derived gravel. In the type section, as in many of the other examples of the formation, the sand facies overlies the mud facies on a conspicuous, abrupt erosional surface; however, nearby is a contiguous section demonstrating that the mud and sand facies interfinger. In addition to the type section, measured reference sections compiled here illustrate other important lithologic and stratigraphic features of the formation. Our preferred interpretation of the Chemehuevi Formation is that it contains the remnants of deposits formed during a single major episode of fluvial aggradation, during which the Colorado River filled its valley with a great volume of dominantly sand-size sediment. This would reflect an increase in the supply of sand-size sediment, and(or) a reduction in transport capacity below the mouth of Grand Canyon. The most likely cause for the aggradation is an extraordinary increase in sand supply, likely due to widespread climatic change. However, other explanations have not been ruled out. Other aggradation events predated the Chemehuevi Formation, and some smaller events may have postdated the formation. However, the Chemehuevi Formation contains the remnants of the most recent large magnitude (>100 m) aggradation of the Colorado River.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1786","usgsCitation":"Malmon, D.V., Howard, K.A., House, P.K., Lundstrom, S.C., Pearthree, P.A., Sarna-Wojcicki, A.M., Wan, E., and Wahl, D.B., 2011, Stratigraphy and depositional environments of the upper Pleistocene Chemehuevi Formation along the lower Colorado River: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1786, v, 69; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1786.","productDescription":"v, 69; Appendices","startPage":"i","endPage":"95","numberOfPages":"100","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":671,"text":"Western Region Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204843,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1786.gif"},{"id":204841,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1786/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California;Nevada;Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Chemehuevi Formation;Colorado River","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b998ae4b08c986b31c4a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Malmon, Daniel V.","contributorId":89998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malmon","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Howard, Keith A. 0000-0002-6462-2947 khoward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6462-2947","contributorId":3439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Keith","email":"khoward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"House, P. Kyle","contributorId":60374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"House","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kyle","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lundstrom, Scott C. 0000-0003-4149-2219 sclundst@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4149-2219","contributorId":2446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lundstrom","given":"Scott","email":"sclundst@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pearthree, Philip A.","contributorId":17363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearthree","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M. 0000-0002-0244-9149 asarna@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0244-9149","contributorId":1046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sarna-Wojcicki","given":"Andrei","email":"asarna@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":356820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wan, Elmira 0000-0002-9255-112X ewan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9255-112X","contributorId":3434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wan","given":"Elmira","email":"ewan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wahl, David B. 0000-0002-0451-3554 dwahl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0451-3554","contributorId":3433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wahl","given":"David","email":"dwahl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":24693,"text":"Climate Research and Development","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70005575,"text":"70005575 - 2011 - Demographic consequences of migratory stopover: Linking red knot survival to horseshoe crab spawning abundance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-12T22:26:50.746887","indexId":"70005575","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-28T09:03:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Demographic consequences of migratory stopover: Linking red knot survival to horseshoe crab spawning abundance","docAbstract":"

Understanding how events during one period of the annual cycle carry over to affect survival and other fitness components in other periods is essential to understanding migratory bird demography and conservation needs. Previous research has suggested that western Atlantic red knot (Calidris canutus rufa) populations are greatly affected by horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) egg availability at Delaware Bay stopover sites during their spring northward migration. We present a mass‐based multistate, capture‐recapture/resighting model linking (1) red knot stopover mass gain to horseshoe crab spawning abundance and (2) subsequent apparent annual survival to mass state at the time of departure from the Delaware Bay stopover area. The model and analysis use capture‐recapture/resighting data with over 16,000 individual captures and 13,000 resightings collected in Delaware Bay over a 12 year period from 1997–2008, and the results are used to evaluate the central management hypothesis that red knot populations can be influenced by horseshoe crab harvest regulations as part of a larger adaptive management effort. Model selection statistics showed support for a positive relationship between horseshoe crab spawning abundance during the stopover and the probability of red knots gaining mass (parameter coefficient from the top model b̂ = 1.71, \"inline = 0.46). Our analyses also supported the link between red knot mass and apparent annual survival, although average estimates for the two mass classes differed only slightly. The addition of arctic snow depth as a covariate influencing apparent survival improved the fit of the data to the models (parameter coefficient from the top model b̂ = 0.50, \"inline = 0.08). Our results indicate that managing horseshoe crab resources in the Delaware Bay has the potential to improve red knot population status.

","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/ES11-00106.1","usgsCitation":"McGowan, C., Hines, J., Nichols, J., Lyons, J., Smith, D., Kalasz, K.S., Niles, L.J., Dey, A.D., Clark, N.A., Atkinson, P.W., Minton, C.D., and Kendall, W., 2011, Demographic consequences of migratory stopover: Linking red knot survival to horseshoe crab spawning abundance: Ecosphere, v. 2, no. 6, 69, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.1890/ES11-00106.1.","productDescription":"69, 22 p.","temporalStart":"1997-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474753,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/es11-00106.1","text":"Publisher Index 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W.","contributorId":63163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atkinson","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Minton, Clive D.T.","contributorId":101383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minton","given":"Clive","email":"","middleInitial":"D.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Kendall, William","contributorId":76883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70005420,"text":"70005420 - 2011 - Discontinuous hindcast simulations of estuarine bathymetric change: A case study from Suisun Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-16T20:45:27","indexId":"70005420","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Discontinuous hindcast simulations of estuarine bathymetric change: A case study from Suisun Bay, California","docAbstract":"Simulations of estuarine bathymetric change over decadal timescales require methods for idealization and reduction of forcing data and boundary conditions. Continuous simulations are hampered by computational and data limitations and results are rarely evaluated with observed bathymetric change data. Bathymetric change data for Suisun Bay, California span the 1867–1990 period with five bathymetric surveys during that period. The four periods of bathymetric change were modeled using a coupled hydrodynamic-sediment transport model operated at the tidal-timescale. The efficacy of idealization techniques was investigated by discontinuously simulating the four periods. The 1867–1887 period, used for calibration of wave energy and sediment parameters, was modeled with an average error of 37% while the remaining periods were modeled with error ranging from 23% to 121%. Variation in post-calibration performance is attributed to temporally variable sediment parameters and lack of bathymetric and configuration data for portions of Suisun Bay and the Delta. Modifying seaward sediment delivery and bed composition resulted in large performance increases for post-calibration periods suggesting that continuous simulation with constant parameters is unrealistic. Idealization techniques which accelerate morphological change should therefore be used with caution in estuaries where parameters may change on sub-decadal timescales. This study highlights the utility and shortcomings of estuarine geomorphic models for estimating past changes in forcing mechanisms such as sediment supply and bed composition. The results further stress the inherent difficulty of simulating estuarine changes over decadal timescales due to changes in configuration, benthic composition, and anthropogenic forcing such as dredging and channelization.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2011.04.004","usgsCitation":"Ganju, N., Jaffe, B.E., and Schoellhamer, D., 2011, Discontinuous hindcast simulations of estuarine bathymetric change: A case study from Suisun Bay, California: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 93, no. 2, p. 142-150, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2011.04.004.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"142","endPage":"150","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474754,"rank":101,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/4665","text":"External Repository"},{"id":204859,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":204857,"rank":100,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2011.04.004","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Suisun Bay","volume":"93","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a01ebe4b0c8380cd4fdba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ganju, Neil K. 0000-0002-1096-0465","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1096-0465","contributorId":93543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ganju","given":"Neil K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jaffe, Bruce E. 0000-0002-8816-5920 bjaffe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8816-5920","contributorId":2049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"Bruce","email":"bjaffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schoellhamer, David H. 0000-0001-9488-7340 dschoell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"David H.","email":"dschoell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70006144,"text":"70006144 - 2011 - Daily MODIS data trends of hurricane-induced forest impact and early recovery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-03T09:33:33","indexId":"70006144","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-26T16:20:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Daily MODIS data trends of hurricane-induced forest impact and early recovery","docAbstract":"We studied the use of daily satellite data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensors to assess wetland forest damage and recovery from Hurricane Katrina (29 August 2005 landfall). Processed MODIS daily vegetation index (VI) trends were consistent with previously determined impact and recovery patterns provided by the \"snapshot\" 25 m Landsat Thematic Mapper optical and RADARSAT-1 synthetic aperture radar satellite data. Phenological trends showed high 2004 and 2005 pre-hurricane temporal correspondence within bottomland hardwood forest communities, except during spring green-up, and temporal dissimilarity between these hardwoods and nearby cypress-tupelo swamp forests (Taxodium distichum [baldcypress] and Nyssa aquatica [water tupelo]). MODIS VI trend analyses established that one year after impact, cypress-tupelo and lightly impacted hardwood forests had recovered to near pre-hurricane conditions. In contrast, canopy recovery lagged in the moderately and severely damaged hardwood forests, possibly reflecting regeneration of pre-hurricane species and stand-level replacement by invasive trees.","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, Maryland","doi":"10.14358/PERS.77.11.1133","usgsCitation":"Ramsey, E., Spruce, J., Rangoonwala, A., Suzuoki, Y., Smoot, J., Gasser, J., and Bannister, T., 2011, Daily MODIS data trends of hurricane-induced forest impact and early recovery: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 77, no. 11, p. 1133-1143, https://doi.org/10.14358/PERS.77.11.1133.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1133","endPage":"1143","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474756,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14358/pers.77.11.1133","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":204834,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Pearl River Wildlife Management Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.78302001953125,\n 30.129687671492565\n ],\n [\n -89.53582763671875,\n 30.129687671492565\n ],\n [\n -89.53582763671875,\n 30.39656853856939\n ],\n [\n -89.78302001953125,\n 30.39656853856939\n ],\n [\n -89.78302001953125,\n 30.129687671492565\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"77","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd58e4b0c8380cd4e7b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ramsey, Elijah W. 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Optical sensors and water samples were used to monitor suspended-sediment concentration at two sites in Suisun Bay, two sites in Central San Francisco Bay, and one site in South San Francisco Bay. Sensors were positioned at two depths at most sites to help define the vertical variability of suspended sediments. Water samples were collected periodically and analyzed for concentrations of suspended sediment. The results of the analyses were used to calibrate the output of the optical sensors so that a record of suspended-sediment concentrations could be derived. This report presents the data-collection methods used and summarizes, in graphs, the suspended-sediment concentration data collected from October 2007 through September 2008. Calibration curves and plots of the processed data for each sensor also are presented.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds634","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, San Francisco District","usgsCitation":"Buchanan, P.A., and Morgan, T., 2011, Summary of suspended-sediment concentration data, San Francisco Bay, California, water year 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 634, vi, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds634.","productDescription":"vi, 28 p.","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":115891,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/634/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":204628,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_634.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay;Sacramento-san Joaquin River Delta","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.58333333333333,37.36666666666667 ], [ -122.58333333333333,38.166666666666664 ], [ -121.75,38.166666666666664 ], [ -121.75,37.36666666666667 ], [ -122.58333333333333,37.36666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9ee5e4b08c986b31e1dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buchanan, Paul A. 0000-0002-4796-4734 buchanan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4796-4734","contributorId":1018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchanan","given":"Paul","email":"buchanan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morgan, Tara L. 0000-0001-5632-5232","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5632-5232","contributorId":29124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"Tara L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}