{"pageNumber":"649","pageRowStart":"16200","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68919,"records":[{"id":70041950,"text":"70041950 - 2012 - Summer-time use of west coast U. S. National Marine Sanctuaries by migrating sooty shearwaters (<i>Puffinus griseus</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-19T15:04:59","indexId":"70041950","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Summer-time use of west coast U. S. National Marine Sanctuaries by migrating sooty shearwaters (<i>Puffinus griseus</i>)","docAbstract":"Non-breeding sooty shearwaters are the most abundant seabird in the California Current Large Marine\nEcosystem (CCLME) during boreal spring and summer months. This, combined with relatively great\nenergy demands, reliance on patchy, shoaling prey (krill, squid, and forage fishes), and unconstrained\nmobility free from central-place-foraging demands—make shearwaters useful indicators of ecosystem\nvariability. During 2008 and 2009, we used satellite telemetry to evaluate shearwater ranging patterns\nthroughout the CCLME and specifically within the US Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) among birds captured\nat three locations: Columbia River Plume, WA; Monterey Bay, CA; and Santa Barbara Channel,\nCA. Shearwaters ranged throughout the entire CCLME from southeast Alaska to southern Baja California,\nMexico. Within the EEZ during 2008 and 2009, shearwaters spent 68% and 46% of time over the shelf\n(<200 m), 27% and 43% of time over the slope (200–1000 m), and 5% and 11% of time over the continental\nrise and abyssal regions (>1000 m), respectively. In 2008 and 2009, shearwaters spent 22% and 25% of\ntheir time in the EEZ within the five west coast National Marine Sanctuaries, respectively; high utilization\noccurred in non-sanctuary waters of the EEZ. Shearwater utilization distribution (based on the Brownianbridge\nmovement model) among sanctuaries was disproportionate according to sanctuary availability\n(based on area) within the EEZ. Shearwaters utilized the Monterey Bay sanctuary (2008, 2009) and the\nChannel Islands sanctuary (2009) disproportionately more than other sanctuaries. Although all five sanctuaries\nwere used by shearwaters, waters outside sanctuary zones appeared significantly more important\nand likely supported large aggregations of shearwaters. Utilization distributions among individual birds\nfrom three discrete capture locations were variable and revealed greater similarity in space-use sharing\nwithin capture-location groupings and during 2008 when shearwaters were more aggregated than in\n2009. We identified several regional ‘‘habitat hotspot’’ areas, including the Columbia River Plume, Cape\nBlanco, Monterey Bay, Estero/San Luis Obispo Bays, and the eastern Santa Barbara Channel through the\ninner Southern California Bight.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2011.12.032","usgsCitation":"Adams, J., MacLeod, C., Suryan, R., Hyrenbach, K.D., and Harvey, J.T., 2012, Summer-time use of west coast U. S. National Marine Sanctuaries by migrating sooty shearwaters (<i>Puffinus griseus</i>): Biological Conservation, v. 156, p. 105-116, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2011.12.032.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"105","endPage":"116","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-029386","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264645,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264646,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2011.12.032"}],"country":"United States","state":"California;Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River Plume;Monterey Bay;Santa Barbara Channel","volume":"156","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d391dae4b062c7914ebda1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, Josh 0000-0003-3056-925X josh_adams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3056-925X","contributorId":2422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Josh","email":"josh_adams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"MacLeod, Catriona","contributorId":33601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacLeod","given":"Catriona","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Suryan, Robert M.","contributorId":101799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suryan","given":"Robert M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hyrenbach, K. David","contributorId":96173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hyrenbach","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Harvey, James T.","contributorId":31631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70041934,"text":"sir20125122 - 2012 - Simulation of groundwater flow and hydrologic effects of groundwater withdrawals from the Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system in the Pinelands of southern New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-19T13:01:59","indexId":"sir20125122","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5122","title":"Simulation of groundwater flow and hydrologic effects of groundwater withdrawals from the Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system in the Pinelands of southern New Jersey","docAbstract":"The Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system is an important source of present and future water supply in southern New Jersey. Because this unconfined aquifer system also supports sensitive wetland and aquatic habitats within the New Jersey Pinelands (Pinelands), water managers and policy makers need up-to-date information, data, and projections that show the effects of potential increases in groundwater withdrawals on these habitats. Finite-difference groundwater flow models (MODFLOW) were constructed for three drainage basins (McDonalds Branch Basin, 14.3 square kilometers (km<sup>2</sup>); Morses Mill Stream Basin, 21.63 km<sup>2</sup>; and Albertson Brook Basin, 52.27 km<sup>2</sup>) to estimate the effects of potential increases in groundwater withdrawals on water levels and the base-flow portion of streamflow, in wetland and aquatic habitats. Three models were constructed for each drainage basin: a transient model consisting of twenty-four 1-month stress periods (October 2004 through September 2006); a transient model to simulate the 5- to 10-day aquifer tests that were performed as part of the study; and a high-resolution, steady-state model used to assess long-term effects of increased groundwater withdrawals on water levels in wetlands and on base flow. All models were constructed with the same eight-layer structure. The smallest horizontal cell dimensions among the three model areas were 150 meters (m) for the 24-month transient models, 10 m for the steady-state models, and 3 m for the transient aquifer-test models. Boundary flows of particular interest to this study and represented separately are those for wetlands, streams, and evapotranspiration. The final variables calibrated from both transient models were then used in steady-state models to assess the long-term effects of increased groundwater withdrawals on water levels in wetlands and on base flow. Results of aquifer tests conducted in the three study areas illustrate the effects of withdrawals on water levels in wetlands and on base flow. Pumping stresses at aquifer-test sites resulted in measurable drawdown in each observation well installed for the tests. The magnitude of drawdown in shallow wetland observation wells at the end of pumping ranged from 5.5 to 16.7 centimeters (cm). The stresses induced by the respective tests reduced the flow of the smallest stream (McDonalds Branch) by 75 percent and slightly reduced flow in a side channel of Morses Mill Stream, but did not measurably affect the flow of Morses Mill Stream or Albertson Brook. Results of aquifer-test simulations were used to refine the estimates of hydraulic properties used in the models and to confirm the ability of the model to replicate observed hydrologic responses to pumping. Steady-state sensitivity simulation results for a variety of single well locations and depths were used to define overall “best-case” (smallest effect on wetland water levels and base flow) and “worst-case” (greatest effect on wetland water levels and base flow) groundwater withdrawal configurations. “Best-case” configurations are those for which the extent of the wetland areas within a 1-kilometer (km) radius of the withdrawal well is minimized, the well is located at least 100 m and as far from wetland boundaries as possible, and the withdrawal is from a deep well (50–90 m deep). “Worst-case” configurations are those for which the extent of wetlands within a 1-km radius of the withdrawal well is maximized, the well is located 100 m or less from a wetland boundary, and the withdrawal is from a relatively shallow well (30–67 m deep). “Best-” and “worst-case” simulations were applied by locating hypothetical wells across the study areas and assigning groundwater withdrawals so that the sum of the withdrawals for the basin is equal to 5, 10, 15, and 30 percent of overall recharge. The results were compared to the results of simulations of no groundwater withdrawals. Results for withdrawals of 5 percent of recharge show that the area of wetland water-level decline that exceeded 15 cm was as much as 1.5 percent of the total wetland area for the “best-case” simulations and as much as 9.7 percent of the total wetland area for the “worst-case” simulations. For the same withdrawals, base-flow reduction was as much as 5.1 percent for the “best-case” simulations and as much as 8.6 percent for the “worst-case” simulations. Results for withdrawals of 30 percent of recharge show that the area of wetland water-level decline that exceeded 15 cm was as much as 70 percent of the total wetland area for the “best-case” simulations and as much as 84 percent of the total wetland area for the “worst-case” simulations. For the same withdrawals, base-flow reduction was as much as 30 percent for the “best-case” simulations and as much as 51 percent for the “worst-case” simulations. Results for withdrawals of 10 and 15 percent of recharge show decreased water levels and base flow that are intermediate between those simulated for 5 and 30 percent of recharge. Several approaches for applying the results of this study to other parts of the Pinelands were explored. An analytical-modeling technique based on the Thiem equation and image-well theory was developed to estimate local drawdown distributions resulting from withdrawals in other areas within the Pinelands. Results of example applications of this technique were compared with those of the numerical simulations used in this study and were shown to be useful. Differences among the three basins in the simulated percentage of basin wetlands affected by drawdown were found to be related to the proximity of wetlands to streams, the proximity of wetlands to pumped wells, and the vertical conductance of the aquifer system. These factors formed the basis for an index of wetland vulnerability to drawdown. An empirically-derived model based on the Gompertz function and the wetland vulnerability index was developed, tested, and shown to be an effective means to evaluate potential drawdown in wetlands at a basin scale throughout the Pinelands. Base-flow reduction can be estimated from generalized results of the numerical models, estimates of evapotranspiration reduction, or available regional groundwater flow models. These approaches could be used to evaluate alternative water-supply strategies and, in conjunction with ecological-modeling results, to determine maximum basin withdrawal rates within the limits of acceptable ecological change.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125122","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Pinelands Commission","usgsCitation":"Charles, E.G., and Nicholson, R.S., 2012, Simulation of groundwater flow and hydrologic effects of groundwater withdrawals from the Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system in the Pinelands of southern New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5122, xviii, 219 p.; col. ill.; maps (col.); Apendices: 1-2, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125122.","productDescription":"xviii, 219 p.; col. ill.; maps (col.); Apendices: 1-2","startPage":"i","endPage":"219","numberOfPages":"242","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264138,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5122.png"},{"id":264136,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5122/"},{"id":264137,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5122/support/sir2012-5122.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.5598,38.9286 ], [ -75.5598,41.3574 ], [ -73.9025,41.3574 ], [ -73.9025,38.9286 ], [ -75.5598,38.9286 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d391d5e4b062c7914ebd9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Charles, Emmanuel G. 0000-0002-3338-4958 echarles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3338-4958","contributorId":4280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charles","given":"Emmanuel","email":"echarles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nicholson, Robert S. rnichol@usgs.gov","contributorId":2283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicholson","given":"Robert","email":"rnichol@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70041945,"text":"70041945 - 2012 - Morphometric sexing of Northwest Atlantic Roseate Terns","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-03T19:55:32","indexId":"70041945","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Morphometric sexing of Northwest Atlantic Roseate Terns","docAbstract":"A difficulty in the study of monomorphic species is the inability of observers to visually distinguish females from males.  Based on a sample of 745 known-sex birds nesting at Bird Island, MA, USA, a discriminant function analysis (DFA) was used to sex Roseate Terns (<i>Sterna dougallii</i>) of the Northwest Atlantic population using morphological measurements. DFA using only the total length of the head (including the bill) correctly identified the sex of approximately 86% of the terns, which increased to 88% if both members of a pair were measured. Including additional measurements increased these percentages slightly, to 87% and 90%, respectively.  These levels of accuracy are generally higher than those reported for other species of terns.  Because female-female pairs are frequent in this population, one cannot assume that the member of a pair with the larger head is a male, and additional discriminant functions were developed to help separate female-female from male-female pairs.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Waterbirds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Waterbird Society","publisherLocation":"Waco, Texas","doi":"10.1675/063.035.0312","usgsCitation":"Palestis, B.G., Nisbet, I.C., Hatch, J.J., Szczys, P., and Spendelow, J.A., 2012, Morphometric sexing of Northwest Atlantic Roseate Terns: Waterbirds, v. 35, no. 3, p. 479-484, https://doi.org/10.1675/063.035.0312.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"479","endPage":"484","numberOfPages":"6","ipdsId":"IP-037483","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474199,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1675/063.035.0312","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":264671,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264670,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1675/063.035.0312"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Bird Island","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.1084,41.3874 ], [ -71.1084,41.7281 ], [ -70.6283,41.7281 ], [ -70.6283,41.3874 ], [ -71.1084,41.3874 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"35","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d4cc5ee4b0c6073c902092","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Palestis, Brian G.","contributorId":64964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palestis","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nisbet, Ian C. T.","contributorId":54866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nisbet","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"C. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hatch, Jeremy J.","contributorId":50796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"Jeremy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Szczys, Patricia","contributorId":35613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szczys","given":"Patricia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Spendelow, Jeffrey A. 0000-0001-8167-0898 jspendelow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8167-0898","contributorId":4355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spendelow","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jspendelow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70041900,"text":"ds715 - 2012 - Hydrologic and geochemical data collected near Skewed Reservoir, an impoundment for coal-bed natural gas produced water, Powder River Basin, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-18T17:35:33","indexId":"ds715","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"715","title":"Hydrologic and geochemical data collected near Skewed Reservoir, an impoundment for coal-bed natural gas produced water, Powder River Basin, Wyoming","docAbstract":"The Powder River Structural Basin is one of the largest producers of coal-bed natural gas (CBNG) in the United States. An important environmental concern in the Basin is the fate of groundwater that is extracted during CBNG production. Most of this produced water is disposed of in unlined surface impoundments. A 6-year study of groundwater flow and subsurface water and soil chemistry was conducted at one such impoundment, Skewed Reservoir. Hydrologic and geochemical data collected as part of that study are contained herein. Data include chemistry of groundwater obtained from a network of 21 monitoring wells and three suction lysimeters and chemical and physical properties of soil cores including chemistry of water/soil extracts, particle-size analyses, mineralogy, cation-exchange capacity, soil-water content, and total carbon and nitrogen content of soils.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds715","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management.  The Downloads Directory contains 16 appendixes, numbering 1-5, 6A-6F, 7-11.  Please see the \"View companion files\" link above for access to these appendixes.","usgsCitation":"Healy, R.W., Rice, C.A., and Bartos, T.T., 2012, Hydrologic and geochemical data collected near Skewed Reservoir, an impoundment for coal-bed natural gas produced water, Powder River Basin, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 715, Report: iv, 6 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds715.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 6 p.; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2003-07-01","temporalEnd":"2005-05-31","costCenters":[{"id":440,"text":"National Research Program Water Resources","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264124,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_715.gif"},{"id":264121,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/715/"},{"id":264123,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/715/downloads/"},{"id":264122,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/715/DS715_508.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Poweder River;Skewed Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.120833,44.113611 ], [ -106.120833,44.120833 ], [ -106.113889,44.120833 ], [ -106.113889,44.113611 ], [ -106.120833,44.113611 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d20b8ee4b08b071e771b1d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Healy, Richard W. 0000-0002-0224-1858 rwhealy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0224-1858","contributorId":658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"Richard","email":"rwhealy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rice, Cynthia A.","contributorId":87140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Cynthia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bartos, Timothy T. 0000-0003-1803-4375 ttbartos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1803-4375","contributorId":1826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartos","given":"Timothy","email":"ttbartos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70041897,"text":"70041897 - 2012 - Comparing seasonal dynamics of the Lake Huron zooplankton community between 1983-1984 and 2007 and revisiting the impact of <i>Bythotrephes</i> planktivory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-19T15:42:09","indexId":"70041897","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparing seasonal dynamics of the Lake Huron zooplankton community between 1983-1984 and 2007 and revisiting the impact of <i>Bythotrephes</i> planktivory","docAbstract":"Zooplankton community composition can be influenced by lake productivity as well as planktivory by fish or invertebrates. Previous analyses based on long-term Lake Huron zooplankton data from August reported a shift in community composition between the 1980s and 2000s: proportional biomass of calanoid copepods increased while that of cyclopoid copepods and herbivorous cladocerans decreased. Herein, we used seasonally collected data from Lake Huron in 1983–1984 and 2007 and reported similar shifts in proportional biomass. We also used a series of generalized additive models to explore differences in seasonal abundance by species and found that all three cyclopoid copepod species (<i>Diacyclops thomasi, Mesocylops edax, Tropocyclops prasinus mexicanus</i>) exhibited higher abundance in 1983–1984 than in 2007. Surprisingly, only one (<i>Epischura lacustris</i>) of seven calanoid species exhibited higher abundance in 2007. The results for cladocerans were also mixed with <i>Bosmina</i> spp. exhibiting higher abundance in 1983–1984, while <i>Daphnia galeata mendotae</i> reached a higher level of abundance in 2007. We used a subset of the 2007 data to estimate not only the vertical distribution of <i>Bythotrephes longimanus</i> and their prey, but also the consumption by <i>Bythotrephes</i> in the top 20 m of water. This epilimnetic layer was dominated by copepod copepodites and nauplii, and consumption either exceeded (Hammond Bay site) or equaled 65% (Detour site) of epilimnetic zooplankton production. The lack of spatial overlap between <i>Bythotrephes</i> and herbivorous cladocerans and cyclopoid copepod prey casts doubt on the hypothesis that <i>Bythotrephes</i> planktivory was the primary driver underlying the community composition changes in the 2000s.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2012.04.007","usgsCitation":"Bunnell, D., Keeler, K.M., Puchala, E.A., Davis, B.M., and Pothoven, S.A., 2012, Comparing seasonal dynamics of the Lake Huron zooplankton community between 1983-1984 and 2007 and revisiting the impact of <i>Bythotrephes</i> planktivory: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 38, no. 3, p. 451-462, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2012.04.007.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"451","endPage":"462","ipdsId":"IP-038228","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264638,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264637,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2012.04.007"}],"country":"United States;Canada","otherGeospatial":"Lake Huron","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83.6431,42.9928 ], [ -83.6431,45.9218 ], [ -81.2795,45.9218 ], [ -81.2795,42.9928 ], [ -83.6431,42.9928 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"38","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d9742ce4b07a5aecdeb8d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bunnell, David B.","contributorId":14360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunnell","given":"David B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keeler, Kevin M. 0000-0002-8118-0060 kkeeler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8118-0060","contributorId":4377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeler","given":"Kevin","email":"kkeeler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Puchala, Elizabeth A.","contributorId":38862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puchala","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davis, Bruce M. bmdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":4227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Bruce","email":"bmdavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pothoven, Steven A.","contributorId":92998,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pothoven","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70041889,"text":"70041889 - 2012 - Mapping anuran habitat suitability to estimate effects of grassland and wetland conservation programs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T12:08:46","indexId":"70041889","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1337,"text":"Copeia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping anuran habitat suitability to estimate effects of grassland and wetland conservation programs","docAbstract":"The conversion of the Northern Great Plains of North America to a landscape favoring agricultural commodity production has negatively impacted wildlife habitats. To offset impacts, conservation programs have been implemented by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and other agencies to restore grassland and wetland habitat components. To evaluate effects of these efforts on anuran habitats, we used call survey data and environmental data in ecological niche factor analyses implemented through the program Biomapper to quantify habitat suitability for five anuran species within a 196 km<sup>2</sup> study area. Our amphibian call surveys identified Northern Leopard Frogs (<i>Lithobates pipiens</i>), Wood Frogs (<i>Lithobates sylvaticus</i>), Boreal Chorus Frogs (<i>Pseudacris maculata</i>), Great Plains Toads (<i>Anaxyrus cognatus</i>), and Woodhouse’s Toads (<i>Anaxyrus woodhousii</i>) occurring within the study area. Habitat suitability maps developed for each species revealed differing patterns of suitable habitat among species. The most significant findings of our mapping effort were 1) the influence of deep-water overwintering wetlands on suitable habitat for all species encountered except the Boreal Chorus Frog; 2) the lack of overlap between areas of core habitat for both the Northern Leopard Frog and Wood Frog compared to the core habitat for both toad species; and 3) the importance of conservation programs in providing grassland components of Northern Leopard Frog and Wood Frog habitat. The differences in habitats suitable for the five species we studied in the Northern Great Plains, i.e., their ecological niches, highlight the importance of utilizing an ecosystem based approach that considers the varying needs of multiple species in the development of amphibian conservation and management plans.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Copeia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","doi":"10.1643/CH-11-119","usgsCitation":"Mushet, D.M., Euliss, N.H., and Stockwell, C., 2012, Mapping anuran habitat suitability to estimate effects of grassland and wetland conservation programs: Copeia, v. 2012, no. 2, p. 321-330, https://doi.org/10.1643/CH-11-119.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"321","endPage":"330","ipdsId":"IP-030690","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264133,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264132,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1643/CH-11-119"}],"volume":"2012","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d20ba7e4b08b071e771b30","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mushet, David M. 0000-0002-5910-2744 dmushet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5910-2744","contributorId":1299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mushet","given":"David","email":"dmushet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Euliss, Ned H. Jr. ceuliss@usgs.gov","contributorId":2916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Euliss","given":"Ned","suffix":"Jr.","email":"ceuliss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stockwell, Craig A.","contributorId":55257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stockwell","given":"Craig A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70041887,"text":"70041887 - 2012 - Age-specific light preferences and vertical migration patterns of a Great Lakes invasive invertebrate, <i>Hemimysis anomala</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-19T13:29:57","indexId":"70041887","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age-specific light preferences and vertical migration patterns of a Great Lakes invasive invertebrate, <i>Hemimysis anomala</i>","docAbstract":"We use a combination of spectral sensitivity analyses, laboratory behavioral observations and field distributions of a vertically migrating invertebrate, <i>Hemimysis anomala</i> (a recent invasive species to the Laurentian Great Lakes of North America), to determine if light preference and timing of emergence has an ontogenetic component. Juvenile <i>Hemimysis</i> (< 4.5 mm) preferred light levels between 10<sup>−3.4</sup> and 10<sup>−2.4</sup> mylux— a <i>Hemimysis</i>-specific unit of brightness derived from visual pigment analyses (wavelength of maximum absorbance = 500 nm; 1 mylux ~ 159 lx). These preferred light levels are equivalent to those present during nautical twilight on the Earth's surface and were several orders of magnitude brighter than those most preferred by adults (> 4.5 mm) in the laboratory (10<sup>−6.4</sup> to 10<sup>−7.4</sup> mylux). Both size classes completely avoided light levels of 10<sup>−0.4</sup> mylux and greater, which are representative of daytime light levels at the Earth's surface. Net hauls taken at ~ 20-min intervals from sunset to the end of nautical twilight on two sampling occasions on Seneca Lake, New York (sampling depth = 2 m) revealed that juveniles emerged into the water column during civil twilight. Adult <i>Hemimysis</i> emerged later during nautical twilight when juveniles had already reached their maximum abundance in the water column. Laboratory-derived light preferences successfully predicted the timing of emergence and time of maximal abundance of both size classes on both sampling occasions. This study is one of the first to demonstrate that <i>Hemimysis</i> diel vertical migration has an ontogenetic component and to report the specific light levels likely to initiate and limit vertical movements.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2011.06.001","usgsCitation":"Boscarino, B.T., Halpin, K.E., Rudstam, L.G., Walsh, M.G., and Lantry, B.F., 2012, Age-specific light preferences and vertical migration patterns of a Great Lakes invasive invertebrate, <i>Hemimysis anomala</i>: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 38, no. Supplement 2, p. 37-44, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2011.06.001.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"37","endPage":"44","ipdsId":"IP-029078","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264139,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2011.06.001"},{"id":264140,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States;Canada","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.1122,41.3971 ], [ -92.1122,48.8794 ], [ -76.0002,48.8794 ], [ -76.0002,41.3971 ], [ -92.1122,41.3971 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"38","issue":"Supplement 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d7acaae4b0c5576aef5884","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boscarino, Brent T.","contributorId":104361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boscarino","given":"Brent","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Halpin, Kathleen E.","contributorId":99442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halpin","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rudstam, Lars G.","contributorId":56609,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rudstam","given":"Lars","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":470312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Walsh, Maureen G.","contributorId":92506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"Maureen","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lantry, Brian F. 0000-0001-8797-3910 bflantry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8797-3910","contributorId":3435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lantry","given":"Brian","email":"bflantry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70041920,"text":"sir20125236 - 2012 - Numerical simulation of groundwater movement and managed aquifer recharge from Sand Hollow Reservoir, Hurricane Bench area, Washington County, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-04T10:28:36","indexId":"sir20125236","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5236","title":"Numerical simulation of groundwater movement and managed aquifer recharge from Sand Hollow Reservoir, Hurricane Bench area, Washington County, Utah","docAbstract":"<p>The Hurricane Bench area of Washington County, Utah, is a 70 square-mile area extending south from the Virgin River and encompassing Sand Hollow basin. Sand Hollow Reservoir, located on Hurricane Bench, was completed in March 2002 and is operated primarily as a managed aquifer recharge project by the Washington County Water Conservancy District. The reservoir is situated on a thick sequence of the Navajo Sandstone and Kayenta Formation. Total recharge to the underlying Navajo aquifer from the reservoir was about 86,000 acre-feet from 2002 to 2009. Natural recharge as infiltration of precipitation was approximately 2,100 acre-feet per year for the same period. Discharge occurs as seepage to the Virgin River, municipal and irrigation well withdrawals, and seepage to drains at the base of reservoir dams. Within the Hurricane Bench area, unconfined groundwater-flow conditions generally exist throughout the Navajo Sandstone. Navajo Sandstone hydraulic-conductivity values from regional aquifer testing range from 0.8 to 32 feet per day. The large variability in hydraulic conductivity is attributed to bedrock fractures that trend north-northeast across the study area.</p><p>A numerical groundwater-flow model was developed to simulate groundwater movement in the Hurricane Bench area and to simulate the movement of managed aquifer recharge from Sand Hollow Reservoir through the groundwater system. The model was calibrated to combined steady- and transient-state conditions. The steady-state portion of the simulation was developed and calibrated by using hydrologic data that represented average conditions for 1975. The transient-state portion of the simulation was developed and calibrated by using hydrologic data collected from 1976 to 2009. Areally, the model grid was 98 rows by 76 columns with a variable cell size ranging from about 1.5 to 25 acres. Smaller cells were used to represent the reservoir to accurately simulate the reservoir bathymetry and nearby monitoring wells; larger cells were used in the northern and southern portions of the model where water-level data were limited. Vertically, the aquifer system was divided into 10 layers, which incorporated the Navajo Sandstone and Kayenta Formation. The model simulated recharge to the groundwater system as natural infiltration of precipitation and as infiltration of managed aquifer recharge from Sand Hollow Reservoir. Groundwater discharge was simulated as well withdrawals, shallow drains at the base of reservoir dams, and seepage to the Virgin River. During calibration, variables were adjusted within probable ranges to minimize differences among model-simulated and observed water levels, groundwater travel times, drain discharges, and monthly estimated reservoir recharge.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125236","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Washington County Water Conservancy District","usgsCitation":"Marston, T.M., and Heilweil, V.M., 2012, Numerical simulation of groundwater movement and managed aquifer recharge from Sand Hollow Reservoir, Hurricane Bench area, Washington County, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5236, vi, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125236.","productDescription":"vi, 34 p.","numberOfPages":"44","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264131,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5236.jpg"},{"id":264129,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5236/"},{"id":264130,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5236/pdf/sir20125236.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Washington County","otherGeospatial":"Sand Hollow Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -113.39374,37.101658 ], [ -113.39374,37.127394 ], [ -113.35936,37.127394 ], [ -113.35936,37.101658 ], [ -113.39374,37.101658 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d20bace4b08b071e771b34","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marston, Thomas M. 0000-0003-1053-4172 tmarston@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1053-4172","contributorId":3272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marston","given":"Thomas","email":"tmarston@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heilweil, Victor M. heilweil@usgs.gov","contributorId":837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heilweil","given":"Victor","email":"heilweil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70041880,"text":"ofr20121251 - 2012 - Updates to watershed modeling in the Potholes Reservoir basin, Washington-a supplement to Scientific Investigation Report 2009-5081","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-18T14:27:18","indexId":"ofr20121251","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1251","title":"Updates to watershed modeling in the Potholes Reservoir basin, Washington-a supplement to Scientific Investigation Report 2009-5081","docAbstract":"A previous collaborative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey and the Bureau of Reclamation resulted in a watershed model for four watersheds that discharge into Potholes Reservoir, Washington. Since the model was constructed, two new meteorological sites have been established that provide more reliable real-time information. The Bureau of Reclamation was interested in incorporating this new information into the existing watershed model developed in 2009, and adding measured snowpack information to update simulated results and to improve forecasts of runoff. This report includes descriptions of procedures to aid a user in making model runs, including a description of the Object User Interface for the watershed model with details on specific keystrokes to generate model runs for the contributing basins. A new real-time, data-gathering computer program automates the creation of the model input files and includes the new meteorological sites. The 2009 watershed model was updated with the new sites and validated by comparing simulated results to measured data. As in the previous study, the updated model (2012 model) does a poor job of simulating individual storms, but a reasonably good job of simulating seasonal runoff volumes. At three streamflow-gaging stations, the January 1 to June 30 retrospective forecasts of runoff volume for years 2010 and 2011 were within 40 percent of the measured runoff volume for five of the six comparisons, ranging from -39.4 to 60.3 percent difference. A procedure for collecting measured snowpack data and using the data in the watershed model for forecast model runs, based on the Ensemble Streamflow Prediction method, is described, with an example that uses 2004 snow-survey data.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121251","collaboration":"For additional information see <a href=\"http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/sir20095081\" target=\"_blank\">SIR 2009-5081</a>.","usgsCitation":"Mastin, M., 2012, Updates to watershed modeling in the Potholes Reservoir basin, Washington-a supplement to Scientific Investigation Report 2009-5081: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1251, vii, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121251.","productDescription":"vii, 52 p.","numberOfPages":"59","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264116,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1251.jpg"},{"id":264114,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1251/"},{"id":264115,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1251/pdf/ofr20121251.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Potholes Reservoir Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.50,47.83 ], [ -119.50,48.16 ], [ -117.83,48.16 ], [ -117.83,47.83 ], [ -119.50,47.83 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d20bb4e4b08b071e771b3c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mastin, Mark","contributorId":41312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastin","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70041865,"text":"ofr20121196 - 2012 - Groundwater, surface-water, and water-chemistry data from C-aquifer monitoring program, northeastern Arizona, 2005-11","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-14T21:11:24.234624","indexId":"ofr20121196","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1196","displayTitle":"Groundwater, Surface-Water, and Water-Chemistry Data from C-aquifer Monitoring Program, Northeastern Arizona, 2005-11","title":"Groundwater, surface-water, and water-chemistry data from C-aquifer monitoring program, northeastern Arizona, 2005-11","docAbstract":"<p>The C aquifer is a regionally extensive multiple-aquifer system supplying water for municipal, agricultural, and industrial use in northeastern Arizona, northwestern New Mexico, and southeastern Utah. An increase in groundwater withdrawals from the C aquifer coupled with ongoing drought conditions in the study area increase the potential for drawdown within the aquifer. A decrease in the water table and potentiometric surface of C aquifer is illustrated locally by the drying up of Obed Meadows, a natural peat deposit, and Hugo Meadows, a natural wetland, both south of Joseph City, Arizona. Continual increase in water use from the C aquifer, including a planned increase in pumpage by the City of Flagstaff, is justification for continued monitoring of the C-aquifer system in order to quantify physical and chemical responses to pumping stresses.</p>\n<p>Fifteen of the 35 C-aquifer wells analyzed had water-level data sufficient for percentage difference calculation for 2005&ndash;11. Change in water level as a percentage of the initial water-level measurement for these 15 wells ranged from about -0.2 to about -0.5 percent. For historical water-level data, changes in water levels were greatest around pumping centers, as indicated by a -97.0 feet (percentage difference of -16.5 percent) change over the period of record (1962&ndash;2005) for the Lake Mary 1 Well near Flagstaff, Arizona. In more rural areas of the C aquifer, water levels showed less change for both the temporal focus of this report (2005&ndash;11) and for historical values.</p>\n<p>Continuous records of surface-water discharge from 2005 to 2007 for three discontinued streamflow-gaging stations (Clear Creek near Winslow, AZ, 09399000; Clear Creek below McHood Lake near Winslow, AZ, 09399100; and Chevelon Creek near Winslow, AZ, 09398000) were tabulated. For the period of record, Clear Creek near Winslow, AZ, and Chevelon Creek near Winslow, AZ, showed seasonal discharge distributions indicative of natural streams in the southwestern United States. Clear Creek below McHood Lake near Winslow, AZ, showed discharge distribution indicative of perennial spring flow with little variation annually.</p>\n<p>Physical and chemical data collected during four baseflow investigations (summer 2005, summer 2006, summer 2008, and winter 2010) conducted on Clear Creek, Chevelon Creek, and a portion of the Little Colorado River were compiled and analyzed. Data from 7 sampling sites established on the Little Colorado River, 11 sites along Chevelon Creek, and 14 sites along Clear Creek were included. For the four baseflow investigations presented, a 2,000&ndash;3,000 microsiemens per centimeter increase in specific conductance was measured in Chevelon Creek from near its headwaters to the confluence with the Little Colorado River because of the contribution of highly conductive spring discharge. Clear Creek showed a less consistent pattern of increase in specific conductance with distance, but still exhibited changes on the order of 5,000 microsiemens per centimeter over just a few river miles.</p>\n<p>Water-chemistry data for selected wells and baseflow investigations sites are presented. No well samples analyzed exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Maximum Contaminant Level standards for drinking water, but several samples exceeded Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level standards for chloride, fluoride, sulfate, iron, and total dissolved solids.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121196","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Indian Affairs","usgsCitation":"Brown, C.R., and Macy, J.P., 2012, Groundwater, surface-water, and water-chemistry data from C-aquifer monitoring program, northeastern Arizona, 2005-11 (Version 1.0: Originally posted December 2012; Version 1.1: March 2013): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1196, vi, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121196.","productDescription":"vi, 38 p.","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264092,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1196.gif"},{"id":269267,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1196/"},{"id":269268,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1196/of2012-1196.pdf"}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic projection","country":"United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.7913818359375,\n              34.384246040152206\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.7913818359375,\n              35.98245135784044\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.1766357421875,\n              35.98245135784044\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.1766357421875,\n              34.384246040152206\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.7913818359375,\n              34.384246040152206\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted December 2012; Version 1.1: March 2013","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d20b86e4b08b071e771b19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Christopher R. crbrown@usgs.gov","contributorId":4751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Christopher","email":"crbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Macy, Jamie P. 0000-0003-3443-0079 jpmacy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3443-0079","contributorId":2173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macy","given":"Jamie","email":"jpmacy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70041450,"text":"70041450 - 2012 - Low-level copper exposures increase visibility and vulnerability of juvenile coho salmon to cutthroat trout predators","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-29T19:35:54.199227","indexId":"70041450","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Low-level copper exposures increase visibility and vulnerability of juvenile coho salmon to cutthroat trout predators","docAbstract":"<p><span>Copper contamination in surface waters is common in watersheds with mining activities or agricultural, industrial, commercial, and residential human land uses. This widespread pollutant is neurotoxic to the chemosensory systems of fish and other aquatic species. Among Pacific salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.), copper-induced olfactory impairment has previously been shown to disrupt behaviors reliant on a functioning sense of smell. For juvenile coho salmon (O. kisutch), this includes predator avoidance behaviors triggered by a chemical alarm cue (conspecific skin extract). However, the survival consequences of this sublethal neurobehavioral toxicity have not been explored. In the present study juvenile coho were exposed to low levels of dissolved copper (5-20 microg/L for 3 h) and then presented with cues signaling the proximity of a predator. Unexposed coho showed a sharp reduction in swimming activity in response to both conspecific skin extract and the upstream presence of a cutthroat trout predator (O. clarki clarki) previously fed juvenile coho. This alarm response was absent in prey fish that were exposed to copper. Moreover, cutthroat trout were more effective predators on copper-exposed coho during predation trials, as measured by attack latency, survival time, and capture success rate. The shift in predator-prey dynamics was similar when predators and prey were co-exposed to copper. Overall, we show that copper-exposed coho are unresponsive to their chemosensory environment, unprepared to evade nearby predators, and significantly less likely to survive an attack sequence. Our findings contribute to a growing understanding of how common environmental contaminants alter the chemical ecology of aquatic communities.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/11-2001.1","usgsCitation":"McIntyre, J.K., Baldwin, D., Beauchamp, D.A., and Scholz, N.L., 2012, Low-level copper exposures increase visibility and vulnerability of juvenile coho salmon to cutthroat trout predators: Ecological Applications, v. 22, no. 5, p. 1460-1471, https://doi.org/10.1890/11-2001.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1460","endPage":"1471","ipdsId":"IP-042329","costCenters":[{"id":204,"text":"Cooperative Research Unit Seattle","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":381736,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d20ba3e4b08b071e771b2c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McIntyre, Jenifer K.","contributorId":52857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIntyre","given":"Jenifer","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baldwin, David H.","contributorId":94938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldwin","given":"David H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beauchamp, David A. 0000-0002-3592-8381 fadave@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3592-8381","contributorId":4205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beauchamp","given":"David","email":"fadave@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Scholz, Nathaniel L.","contributorId":51618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholz","given":"Nathaniel","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70041864,"text":"70041864 - 2012 - Fixed bed sorption of phosphorus from wastewater using iron oxide-based media derived from acid mine drainage","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-19T07:53:38","indexId":"70041864","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fixed bed sorption of phosphorus from wastewater using iron oxide-based media derived from acid mine drainage","docAbstract":"Phosphorus (P) releases to the environment have been implicated in the eutrophication of important water bodies worldwide. Current technology for the removal of P from wastewaters consists of treatment with aluminum (Al) or iron (Fe) salts, but is expensive. The neutralization of acid mine drainage (AMD) generates sludge rich in Fe and Al oxides that has hitherto been considered a waste product, but these sludges could serve as an economical adsorption media for the removal of P from wastewaters. Therefore, we have evaluated an AMD-derived media as a sorbent for P in fixed bed sorption systems. The homogenous surface diffusion model (HSDM) was used to analyze fixed bed test data and to determine the value of related sorption parameters. The surface diffusion modulus Ed was found to be a useful predictor of sorption kinetics. Values of Ed < 0.2 were associated with early breakthrough of P, while more desirable S-shaped breakthrough curves resulted when 0.2 < Ed < 0.5. Computer simulations of the fixed bed process with the HSDM confirmed that if Ed was known, the shape of the breakthrough curve could be calculated. The surface diffusion coefficient D s was a critical factor in the calculation of Ed and could be estimated based on the sorption test conditions such as media characteristics, and influent flow rate and concentration. Optimal test results were obtained with a relatively small media particle size (average particle radius 0.028 cm) and resulted in 96 % removal of P from the influent over 46 days of continuous operation. These results indicate that fixed bed sorption of P would be a feasible option for the utilization of AMD residues, thus helping to decrease AMD treatment costs while at the same time ameliorating the impacts of P contamination.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water, Air, and Soil Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s11270-012-1262-x","usgsCitation":"Sibrell, P.L., and Tucker, T., 2012, Fixed bed sorption of phosphorus from wastewater using iron oxide-based media derived from acid mine drainage: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 223, no. 8, p. 5105-5117, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-012-1262-x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"5105","endPage":"5117","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264091,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264090,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-012-1262-x"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","city":"Brandy Camp","otherGeospatial":"Blue Valley","volume":"223","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-07-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d20b82e4b08b071e771b15","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sibrell, Philip L. psibrell@usgs.gov","contributorId":2006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sibrell","given":"Philip","email":"psibrell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":470260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tucker, T.W.","contributorId":85409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tucker","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70041820,"text":"sim3151 - 2012 - Geologic map of the southern Funeral Mountains including nearby groundwater discharge sites in Death Valley National Park, California and Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-17T12:11:45","indexId":"sim3151","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3151","title":"Geologic map of the southern Funeral Mountains including nearby groundwater discharge sites in Death Valley National Park, California and Nevada","docAbstract":"This 1:50,000-scale geologic map covers the southern part of the Funeral Mountains, and adjoining parts of four structural basins—Furnace Creek, Amargosa Valley, Opera House, and central Death Valley—in California and Nevada. It extends over three full 7.5-minute quadrangles, and parts of eleven others—an area of about 1,000 square kilometers (km2). The boundaries of this map were drawn to include all of the known proximal hydrogeologic features that may affect the flow of groundwater that discharges from springs of the Furnace Creek basin, in the west-central part of the map. These springs provide the main potable water supply for Death Valley National Park. Major hydrogeologic features shown on this map include: (1) springs of the Furnace Creek basin, (2) a large Pleistocene groundwater discharge mound in the northeastern part of the map, (3) the exposed extent of limestones and dolomites that constitute the Paleozoic carbonate aquifer, and (4) the exposed extent of the alluvial conglomerates that constitute the Funeral Formation aquifer.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3151","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Inyo County, California, Yucca Mountain Repository Assessment Office.  One of the two maps is without shaded relief.","usgsCitation":"Fridrich, C.J., Thompson, R.A., Slate, J.L., Berry, M.E., and Machette, M.N., 2012, Geologic map of the southern Funeral Mountains including nearby groundwater discharge sites in Death Valley National Park, California and Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3151, Pamphlet: iv, 20 p.; 2 Maps: 64.28 x 39.03 inches; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3151.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: iv, 20 p.; 2 Maps: 64.28 x 39.03 inches; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"27","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264076,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3151.gif"},{"id":264071,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3151/SIM3151_map.pdf"},{"id":264069,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3151/"},{"id":264072,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3151/SIM3151_map_NSR.pdf"},{"id":264070,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3151/SIM3151_pamphlet.pdf"},{"id":264073,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3151/downloads/"},{"id":264074,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3151/downloads/00README.txt"},{"id":264075,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3151/downloads/SIM3151.met"}],"scale":"50000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator, Zone 11","datum":"North American Datum of 1927","country":"United States","state":"California;Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Death Valley National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.883333,36.308333 ], [ -116.883333,36.558333 ], [ -116.375,36.558333 ], [ -116.375,36.308333 ], [ -116.883333,36.308333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d04976e4b0d83991d1568e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fridrich, C. J.","contributorId":15652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fridrich","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, R. A.","contributorId":100420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Slate, J. L.","contributorId":97039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slate","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Berry, M. E.","contributorId":78817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Machette, M. N.","contributorId":19561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Machette","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70041461,"text":"70041461 - 2012 - Keanakākoʻi Tephra produced by 300 years of explosive eruptions following collapse of Kīlauea's caldera in about 1500 CE","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-30T13:45:42","indexId":"70041461","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Keanakākoʻi Tephra produced by 300 years of explosive eruptions following collapse of Kīlauea's caldera in about 1500 CE","docAbstract":"The Keanakākoʻi Tephra at Kīlauea Volcano has previously been interpreted by some as the product of a caldera-forming eruption in 1790 CE. Our study, however, finds stratigraphic and <sup>14</sup>C evidence that the tephra instead results from numerous eruptions throughout a 300-year period between about 1500 and 1800. The stratigraphic evidence includes: (1) as many as six pure lithic ash beds interleaved in sand dunes made of earlier Keanakākoʻi vitric ash, (2) three lava flows from Kīlauea and Mauna Loa interbedded with the tephra, (3) buried syneruptive cultural structures, (4) numerous intraformational water-cut gullies, and (5) abundant organic layers rich in charcoal within the tephra section. Interpretation of 97 new accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) <sup>14</sup>C ages and 4 previous conventional ages suggests that explosive eruptions began in 1470–1510 CE, and that explosive activity continued episodically until the early 1800s, probably with two periods of quiescence lasting several decades. Kīlauea's caldera, rather than forming in 1790, predates the first eruption of the Keanakākoʻi and collapsed in 1470–1510, immediately following, and perhaps causing, the end of the 60-year-long, 4–6 km<sup>3</sup> ʻAilāʻau eruption from the east side of Kīlauea's summit area. The caldera was several hundred meters deep when the Keanakākoʻi began erupting, consistent with oral tradition, and probably had a volume of 4–6 km3. The caldera formed by collapse, but no eruption of lava coincided with its formation. A large volume of magma may have quickly drained from the summit reservoir and intruded into the east rift zone, perhaps in response to a major south-flank slip event, leading to summit collapse. Alternatively, magma may have slowly drained from the reservoir during the prolonged ʻAilāʻau eruption, causing episodic collapses before the final, largest downdrop took place. Two prolonged periods of episodic explosive eruptions are known at Kīlauea, the Keanakākoʻi and the Uwēkahuna Tephra (Fiske et al., 2009), and both occurred when a deep caldera existed, probably with a floor at or below the water table, and external water could readily interact with the magmatic system. The next period of intense explosive activity will probably have to await the drastic deepening of the present caldera (or Halemaʻumaʻu Crater) or the formation of a new caldera.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2011.11.009","usgsCitation":"Swanson, D., Rose, T.R., Fiske, R.S., and McGeehin, J., 2012, Keanakākoʻi Tephra produced by 300 years of explosive eruptions following collapse of Kīlauea's caldera in about 1500 CE: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 215-216, p. 8-25, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2011.11.009.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"8","endPage":"25","ipdsId":"IP-028859","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264106,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264104,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2011.11.009"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -155.798371,19.056854 ], [ -155.798371,19.550464 ], [ -155.016307,19.550464 ], [ -155.016307,19.056854 ], [ -155.798371,19.056854 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"215-216","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d20c59e4b08b071e771b8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swanson, Donald A. 0000-0002-1680-3591","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1680-3591","contributorId":22303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Donald A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rose, Timothy R.","contributorId":31275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fiske, Richard S.","contributorId":17984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fiske","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGeehin, John P. 0000-0002-5320-6091 mcgeehin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5320-6091","contributorId":3444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGeehin","given":"John P.","email":"mcgeehin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70041743,"text":"70041743 - 2012 - Geomorphic and stratigraphic evidence for an unusual tsunami or storm a few centuries ago at Anegada, British Virgin Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T12:00:16","indexId":"70041743","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2822,"text":"Natural Hazards","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geomorphic and stratigraphic evidence for an unusual tsunami or storm a few centuries ago at Anegada, British Virgin Islands","docAbstract":"Waters from the Atlantic Ocean washed southward across parts of Anegada, east-northeast of Puerto Rico, during a singular event a few centuries ago. The overwash, after crossing a fringing coral reef and 1.5 km of shallow subtidal flats, cut dozens of breaches through sandy beach ridges, deposited a sheet of sand and shell capped with lime mud, and created inland fields of cobbles and boulders. Most of the breaches extend tens to hundreds of meters perpendicular to a 2-km stretch of Anegada’s windward shore. Remnants of the breached ridges stand 3 m above modern sea level, and ridges seaward of the breaches rise 2.2–3.0 m high. The overwash probably exceeded those heights when cutting the breaches by overtopping and incision of the beach ridges. Much of the sand-and-shell sheet contains pink bioclastic sand that resembles, in grain size and composition, the sand of the breached ridges. This sand extends as much as 1.5 km to the south of the breached ridges. It tapers southward from a maximum thickness of 40 cm, decreases in estimated mean grain size from medium sand to very fine sand, and contains mud laminae in the south. The sand-and-shell sheet also contains mollusks—cerithid gastropods and the bivalve Anomalocardia—and angular limestone granules and pebbles. The mollusk shells and the lime-mud cap were probably derived from a marine pond that occupied much of Anegada’s interior at the time of overwash. The boulders and cobbles, nearly all composed of limestone, form fields that extend many tens of meters generally southward from limestone outcrops as much as 0.8 km from the nearest shore. Soon after the inferred overwash, the marine pond was replaced by hypersaline ponds that produce microbial mats and evaporite crusts. This environmental change, which has yet to be reversed, required restriction of a former inlet or inlets, the location of which was probably on the island’s south (lee) side. The inferred overwash may have caused restriction directly by washing sand into former inlets, or indirectly by reducing the tidal prism or supplying sand to post-overwash currents and waves. The overwash happened after A.D. 1650 if coeval with radiocarbon-dated leaves in the mud cap, and it probably happened before human settlement in the last decades of the 1700s. A prior overwash event is implied by an inland set of breaches. Hypothetically, the overwash in 1650–1800 resulted from the Antilles tsunami of 1690, the transatlantic Lisbon tsunami of 1755, a local tsunami not previously documented, or a storm whose effects exceeded those of Hurricane Donna, which was probably at category 3 as its eye passed 15 km to Anegada’s south in 1960.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural Hazards","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s11069-010-9622-6","usgsCitation":"Atwater, B.F., ten Brink, U., Buckley, M., Halley, R.S., Jaffe, B.E., Lopez-Venegas, A.M., Reinhardt, E.G., Tuttle, M.P., Watt, S., and Wei, Y., 2012, Geomorphic and stratigraphic evidence for an unusual tsunami or storm a few centuries ago at Anegada, British Virgin Islands: Natural Hazards, v. 63, no. 1, p. 51-84, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-010-9622-6.","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"84","ipdsId":"IP-020383","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474205,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-010-9622-6","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":264037,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264036,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-010-9622-6"}],"country":"British Virgin Islands","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -64.416154,18.688621 ], [ -64.416154,18.749452 ], [ -64.270885,18.749452 ], [ -64.270885,18.688621 ], [ -64.416154,18.688621 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"63","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-10-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50cb577ae4b09e092d6f03e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Atwater, Brian F. 0000-0003-1155-2815 atwater@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1155-2815","contributorId":3297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atwater","given":"Brian","email":"atwater@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001 utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":470153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buckley, Mark","contributorId":6695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckley","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Halley, Robert S.","contributorId":12757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halley","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jaffe, Bruce E. 0000-0002-8816-5920 bjaffe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8816-5920","contributorId":2049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"Bruce","email":"bjaffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lopez-Venegas, Alberto M.","contributorId":32803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lopez-Venegas","given":"Alberto","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Reinhardt, Eduard G.","contributorId":15094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reinhardt","given":"Eduard","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Tuttle, Maritia P.","contributorId":78628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tuttle","given":"Maritia","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Watt, Steve swatt@usgs.gov","contributorId":4451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watt","given":"Steve","email":"swatt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":470147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Wei, Yong","contributorId":99691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wei","given":"Yong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70041332,"text":"70041332 - 2012 - Identifying bubble collapse in a hydrothermal system using hiddden Markov models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-25T10:49:41","indexId":"70041332","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identifying bubble collapse in a hydrothermal system using hiddden Markov models","docAbstract":"Beginning in July 2003 and lasting through September 2003, the Norris Geyser Basin in Yellowstone National Park exhibited an unusual increase in ground temperature and hydrothermal activity. Using hidden Markov model theory, we identify over five million high-frequency (>15 Hz) seismic events observed at a temporary seismic station deployed in the basin in response to the increase in hydrothermal activity. The source of these seismic events is constrained to within ~100 m of the station, and produced ~3500–5500 events per hour with mean durations of ~0.35–0.45 s. The seismic event rate, air temperature, hydrologic temperatures, and surficial water flow of the geyser basin exhibited a marked diurnal pattern that was closely associated with solar thermal radiance. We interpret the source of the seismicity to be due to the collapse of small steam bubbles in the hydrothermal system, with the rate of collapse being controlled by surficial temperatures and daytime evaporation rates.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2011GL049901","usgsCitation":"Dawson, P.B., Benitez, M., Lowenstern, J.B., and Chouet, B.A., 2012, Identifying bubble collapse in a hydrothermal system using hiddden Markov models: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 39, L01304; 5 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL049901.","productDescription":"L01304; 5 p.","ipdsId":"IP-034503","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474203,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011gl049901","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":264047,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264046,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011GL049901"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Norris Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.75180053710938,\n              44.69611500685269\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.65292358398438,\n              44.69611500685269\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.65292358398438,\n              44.757582949615994\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.75180053710938,\n              44.757582949615994\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.75180053710938,\n              44.69611500685269\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"39","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-01-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50cc4a79e4b00ab7c548c672","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dawson, Phillip B. dawson@usgs.gov","contributorId":2751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"Phillip","email":"dawson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Benitez, M.C.","contributorId":82144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benitez","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lowenstern, Jacob B. 0000-0003-0464-7779 jlwnstrn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0464-7779","contributorId":2755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowenstern","given":"Jacob","email":"jlwnstrn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chouet, Bernard A. 0000-0001-5527-0532 chouet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5527-0532","contributorId":3304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"Bernard","email":"chouet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70040393,"text":"70040393 - 2012 - Temporal variations of geyser water chemistry in the Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-30T12:35:05","indexId":"70040393","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-13T09:04:47","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal variations of geyser water chemistry in the Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park, USA","docAbstract":"Geysers are rare features that reflect a delicate balance between an abundant supply of water and heat and a unique geometry of fractures and porous rocks. Between April 2007 and September 2008, we sampled Old Faithful, Daisy, Grand, Oblong, and Aurum geysers in Yellowstone National Park's Upper Geyser Basin and characterized temporal variations in major element chemistry and water isotopes (δ<sup>18</sup>O, δD, <sup>3</sup>H). We compare these temporal variations with temporal trends of Geyser Eruption Intervals (GEI). SiO<sub>2</sub> concentrations and geothermometry indicate that the geysers are fed by waters ascending from a reservoir with temperatures of ∼190 to 210°C. The studied geysers display small and complex chemical and isotopic seasonal variations, and geysers with smaller volume display larger seasonal variations than geysers with larger volumes. Aurum and Oblong Geysers contain detectable tritium concentrations, suggesting that erupted water contains some modern meteoric water. We propose that seasonal GEI variations result from varying degrees of evaporation, meteoric water recharge, water table fluctuations, and possible hydraulic interaction with the adjacent Firehole River. We demonstrate that the concentrations of major dissolved species in Old Faithful Geyser have remained nearly constant since 1884 despite large changes in Old Faithful's eruption intervals, suggesting that no major changes have occurred in the hydrothermal system of the Upper Geyser Basin for >120 years. Our data set provides a baseline for monitoring future changes in geyser activity that might result from varying climate, earthquakes, and changes in heat flow from the underlying magmatic system.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2012GC004388","usgsCitation":"Hurwitz, S., Hunt, A.G., and Evans, W.C., 2012, Temporal variations of geyser water chemistry in the Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park, USA: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 13, no. 12, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GC004388.","productDescription":"19 p.","numberOfPages":"19","ipdsId":"IP-041584","costCenters":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280954,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012GC004388"},{"id":280955,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Firehole River;Upper Geyser Basin;Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.156,44.1313 ], [ -111.156,45.109 ], [ -109.8255,45.109 ], [ -109.8255,44.1313 ], [ -111.156,44.1313 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"13","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd768de4b0b2908510af70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hurwitz, Shaul 0000-0001-5142-6886 shaulh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5142-6886","contributorId":2169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurwitz","given":"Shaul","email":"shaulh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunt, Andrew G. 0000-0002-3810-8610 ahunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3810-8610","contributorId":1582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Andrew","email":"ahunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evans, William C. 0000-0001-5942-3102 wcevans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5942-3102","contributorId":2353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"William","email":"wcevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70041776,"text":"sim3231 - 2012 - Flood-inundation maps for the White River at Newberry, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-14T10:53:02","indexId":"sim3231","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3231","title":"Flood-inundation maps for the White River at Newberry, Indiana","docAbstract":"Digital flood-inundation maps for a 4.9-mile reach of the White River at Newberry, Indiana (Ind.), were created by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Indiana Office of Community and Rural Affairs. The inundation maps, which can be accessed through the USGS Flood Inundation Mapping Science Web site at <a href=\"http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation\" target=\"_blank\">http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation</a>, depict estimates of the areal extent of flooding corresponding to selected water levels (stages) at USGS streamgage 03360500, White River at Newberry, Ind. Current conditions at the USGS streamgage may be obtained on the Internet (<a href=\"http://waterdata.usgs.gov/in/nwis/uv?site_no=03360500\" target=\"_blank\">http://waterdata.usgs.gov/in/nwis/uv?site_no=03360500</a>). The National Weather Service (NWS) forecasts flood hydrographs at the Newberry streamgage. That forecasted peak-stage information, also available on the Internet, may be used in conjunction with the maps developed in this study to show predicted areas of flood inundation. For this study, flood profiles were computed for the White River reach by means of a one-dimensional step-backwater model developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The hydraulic model was calibrated by using the most current stage-discharge relation at USGS streamgage 03360500, White River at Newberry, Ind., and high-water marks from a flood in June 2008.The calibrated hydraulic model was then used to determine 22 water-surface profiles for flood stages a1-foot intervals referenced to the streamgage datum and ranging from bankfull to approximately the highest recorded water level at the streamgage. The simulated water-surface profiles were then combined with a geographic information system digital elevation model (derived from Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data) in order to delineate the area flooded at each water level. The availability of these maps, along with Internet information regarding current stage from the USGS streamgage at Newberry, Ind., and forecasted stream stages from the NWS, provide emergency management personnel and residents with information that is critical for flood response activities such as evacuations and road closures as well as for post-flood recovery efforts.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3231","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Indiana Office of Community and Rural Affairs.  These sheets are availalbe in High Resolution PDF or Low Resolution JPG.  See <a href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3231/\" target=\"_blank\">SIM 3231</a> for more information.","usgsCitation":"Fowler, K.K., Kim, M.H., and Menke, C.D., 2012, Flood-inundation maps for the White River at Newberry, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3231, Pamphlet: vi,8 p.; 22 sheets: 17 x 22 inches or smaller; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3231.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: vi,8 p.; 22 sheets: 17 x 22 inches or smaller; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264013,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3231.gif"},{"id":263990,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3231/Downloads"},{"id":263988,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3231/"},{"id":263989,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3231/pdf/sim3231-102612.pdf"},{"id":263991,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3231/pdf/Sheet1-473_8ft.pdf"},{"id":263992,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3231/pdf/Sheet10-482_17ft.pdf"},{"id":263993,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3231/pdf/Sheet11-483_18ft.pdf"},{"id":263994,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3231/pdf/Sheet12-484_19ft.pdf"},{"id":263995,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3231/pdf/Sheet13-485_20ft.pdf"},{"id":263996,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3231/pdf/Sheet14-486_21ft.pdf"},{"id":263997,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3231/pdf/Sheet15-487_22ft.pdf"},{"id":263998,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3231/pdf/Sheet16-488_23ft.pdf"},{"id":263999,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3231/pdf/Sheet17-489_24ft.pdf"},{"id":264002,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3231/pdf/Sheet2-474_9ft.pdf"},{"id":264003,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3231/pdf/Sheet20-492_27ft.pdf"},{"id":264000,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3231/pdf/Sheet18-490_25ft.pdf"},{"id":264001,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3231/pdf/Sheet19-491_26ft.pdf"},{"id":264004,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3231/pdf/Sheet21-493_28ft.pdf"},{"id":264005,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3231/pdf/Sheet22-494_29ft.pdf"},{"id":264006,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3231/pdf/Sheet3-475_10ft.pdf"},{"id":264007,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3231/pdf/Sheet4-476_11ft.pdf"},{"id":264008,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3231/pdf/Sheet5-477_12ft.pdf"},{"id":264009,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3231/pdf/Sheet6-478_13ft.pdf"},{"id":264010,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3231/pdf/Sheet8-480_15ft.pdf"},{"id":264011,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3231/pdf/Sheet7-479_14ft.pdf"},{"id":264012,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3231/pdf/Sheet9-481_16ft.pdf"}],"projection":"Transverse Mercator","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Indiana","city":"Newberry","otherGeospatial":"White River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -87.07,38.90 ], [ -87.07,38.97 ], [ -86.67,38.97 ], [ -86.67,38.90 ], [ -87.07,38.90 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50cb576de4b09e092d6f03d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fowler, Kathleen K. 0000-0002-0107-3848 kkfowler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0107-3848","contributorId":2439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fowler","given":"Kathleen","email":"kkfowler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kim, Moon H. 0000-0002-4328-8409 mkim@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4328-8409","contributorId":3211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"Moon","email":"mkim@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Menke, Chad D. cdmenke@usgs.gov","contributorId":3209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Menke","given":"Chad","email":"cdmenke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":470203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70041777,"text":"70041777 - 2012 - Waste rice seed in conventional and stripper-head harvested fields in California: Implications for wintering waterfowl","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-13T20:09:08","indexId":"70041777","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2287,"text":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Waste rice seed in conventional and stripper-head harvested fields in California: Implications for wintering waterfowl","docAbstract":"Waste rice seed is an important food for wintering waterfowl and current estimates of its availability are needed to determine the carrying capacity of rice fields and guide habitat conservation. We used a line-intercept method to estimate mass-density of rice seed remaining after harvest during 2010 in the Sacramento Valley (SACV) of California and compared results with estimates from previous studies in the SACV and Mississippi Alluvial Valley (MAV). Posterior mean (95% credible interval) estimates of total waste rice seed mass-density for the SACV in 2010 were 388 (336–449) kg/ha in conventionally harvested fields and 245 (198–307) kg/ha in stripper-head harvested fields; the 2010 mass-density is nearly identical to the mid-1980s estimate for conventionally harvested fields but 36% lower than the mid-1990s estimate for stripped fields. About 18% of SACV fields were stripper-head harvested in 2010 vs. 9–15% in the mid-1990s and 0% in the mid-1980s; but due to a 50% increase in planted rice area, total mass of waste rice seed in SACV remaining after harvest in 2010 was 43% greater than in the mid-1980s. However, total mass of seed-eating waterfowl also increased 82%, and the ratio of waste rice seed to seed-eating waterfowl mass was 21% smaller in 2010 than in the mid-1980s. Mass-densities of waste rice remaining after harvest in SACV fields are within the range reported for MAV fields. However, because there is a lag between harvest and waterfowl use in the MAV but not in the SACV, seed loss is greater in the MAV and estimated waste seed mass-density available to wintering waterfowl in SACV fields is about 5–30 times recent MAV estimates. Waste rice seed remains an abundant food source for waterfowl wintering in the SACV, but increased use of stripper-head harvesters would reduce this food. To provide accurate data on carrying capacities of rice fields necessary for conservation planning, trends in planted rice area, harvest method, and postharvest field treatment should be tracked and impacts of postharvest field treatment and other farming practices on waste rice seed availability should be investigated.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Arlington, VA","doi":"10.3996/022012-JFWM-014","usgsCitation":"Fleskes, J.P., Halstead, B., Casazza, M.L., Coates, P.S., Kohl, J.D., and Skalos, D.A., 2012, Waste rice seed in conventional and stripper-head harvested fields in California: Implications for wintering waterfowl: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, v. 3, no. 2, p. 266-275, https://doi.org/10.3996/022012-JFWM-014.","productDescription":"10 p.; map","startPage":"266","endPage":"275","ipdsId":"IP-035176","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474206,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3996/022012-jfwm-014","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":264018,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264017,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3996/022012-JFWM-014"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.41,32.53 ], [ -124.41,42.01 ], [ -114.13,42.01 ], [ -114.13,32.53 ], [ -124.41,32.53 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50cb5783e4b09e092d6f03ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fleskes, Joseph P. 0000-0001-5388-6675 joe_fleskes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5388-6675","contributorId":1889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleskes","given":"Joseph","email":"joe_fleskes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":470205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Halstead, Brian J. 0000-0002-5535-6528 bhalstead@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5535-6528","contributorId":3051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halstead","given":"Brian J.","email":"bhalstead@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Casazza, Michael L. 0000-0002-5636-735X mike_casazza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-735X","contributorId":2091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casazza","given":"Michael","email":"mike_casazza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coates, Peter S. 0000-0003-2672-9994 pcoates@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2672-9994","contributorId":3263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coates","given":"Peter","email":"pcoates@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kohl, Jeffrey D.","contributorId":79773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kohl","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Skalos, Daniel A.","contributorId":64123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skalos","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70041781,"text":"sir20125216 - 2012 - Evaluation of water-quality characteristics and sampling design for streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-14T11:23:39","indexId":"sir20125216","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5216","title":"Evaluation of water-quality characteristics and sampling design for streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008","docAbstract":"In response to the need to examine the large amount of historic water-quality data comprehensively across North Dakota and evaluate the efficiency of the State-wide sampling programs, a study was done by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the North Dakota State Water Commission and the North Dakota Department of Health to describe the water-quality data collected for the various programs and determine an efficient State-wide sampling design for monitoring future water-quality conditions. Although data collected for the North Dakota State Water Commission High-Low Sampling Program, the North Dakota Department of Health Ambient Water-Quality Network, and other projects and programs provide valuable information on the quality of water in streams in North Dakota, the objectives vary among the programs, some of the programs overlap spatially and temporally, and the various sampling designs may not be the most efficient or relevant to the objectives of the individual programs as they have changed through time.\n\nOne objective of a State-wide sampling program was to evaluate ways to describe the spatial variability of water-quality conditions across the State in the most efficient manner. Weighted least-squares regression analysis was used to relate the average absolute difference between paired downstream and upstream concentrations, expressed as a percent of the average downstream concentration, to the average absolute difference in daily flow between the downstream and upstream pairs, expressed as a percent of the average downstream flow. The analysis showed that a reasonable spatial network would consist of including the most downstream sites in large basins first, followed by the next upstream site(s) that roughly bisect the downstream flows at the first sites, followed by the next upstream site(s) that roughly bisect flows for the second sites. Sampling sites to be included in a potential State-wide network were prioritized into 3 design levels: level 1 (highest priority), level 2 (second priority), and level 3 (third priority).\n\nGiven the spatial distribution and priority designation (levels 1–3) of sites in the potential spatial network, the next consideration was to determine the appropriate temporal sampling frequency to use for monitoring future water-quality conditions. The time-series model used to detect concentration trends for this report also was used to evaluate sampling designs to monitor future water-quality trends. Sampling designs were evaluated with regard to their sensitivity to detect seasonal trends that occurred during three 4-month seasons—March through June, July through October, and November through February.\n\nFor the 34 level-1 sites, samples would be collected for major ions, trace metals, nutrients, bacteria, and sediment eight times per year, with samples in January, April (2 samples),May, June, July, August, and October. For the 21 level-2 sites, samples would be collected for major ions, trace metals, and nutrients six times per year (January, April, May, June, August, and October), and for the 26 level-3 sites, samples would be collected for these constituents four times per year (April, June, August, and October).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125216","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the North Dakota State Water Commission and the North Dakota Department of Health","usgsCitation":"Galloway, J.M., Vecchia, A.V., Vining, K.C., Densmore, B.K., and Lundgren, R.F., 2012, Evaluation of water-quality characteristics and sampling design for streams in North Dakota, 1970–2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5216, Report: viii, 301 p.; Appendix 3, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125216.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 301 p.; Appendix 3","numberOfPages":"316","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"1970-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264016,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5216.gif"},{"id":264014,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5216/"},{"id":264015,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5216/downloads/appendix3.xlsx"},{"id":264057,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5216/sir12-5216.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.05,45.9351 ], [ -104.05,49.0007 ], [ -96.5545,49.0007 ], [ -96.5545,45.9351 ], [ -104.05,45.9351 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50cb5769e4b09e092d6f03d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Galloway, Joel M. 0000-0002-9836-9724 jgallowa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9836-9724","contributorId":1562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"Joel","email":"jgallowa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vecchia, Aldo V. 0000-0002-2661-4401","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2661-4401","contributorId":41810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vecchia","given":"Aldo","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vining, Kevin C. 0000-0001-5738-3872 kcvining@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5738-3872","contributorId":308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vining","given":"Kevin","email":"kcvining@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Densmore, Brenda K. 0000-0003-2429-638X bdensmore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2429-638X","contributorId":4896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Densmore","given":"Brenda","email":"bdensmore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lundgren, Robert F. 0000-0001-7669-0552 rflundgr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7669-0552","contributorId":1657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lundgren","given":"Robert","email":"rflundgr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70041749,"text":"70041749 - 2012 - Approaches to the simulation of unconfined flow and perched groundwater flow in MODFLOW","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-13T12:53:49","indexId":"70041749","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Approaches to the simulation of unconfined flow and perched groundwater flow in MODFLOW","docAbstract":"Various approaches have been proposed to manage the nonlinearities associated with the unconfined flow equation and to simulate perched groundwater conditions using the MODFLOW family of codes. The approaches comprise a variety of numerical techniques to prevent dry cells from becoming inactive and to achieve a stable solution focused on formulations of the unconfined, partially-saturated, groundwater flow equation. Keeping dry cells active avoids a discontinuous head solution which in turn improves the effectiveness of parameter estimation software that relies on continuous derivatives. Most approaches implement an upstream weighting of intercell conductance and Newton-Raphson linearization to obtain robust convergence. In this study, several published approaches were implemented in a stepwise manner into MODFLOW for comparative analysis. First, a comparative analysis of the methods is presented using synthetic examples that create convergence issues or difficulty in handling perched conditions with the more common dry-cell simulation capabilities of MODFLOW. Next, a field-scale three-dimensional simulation is presented to examine the stability and performance of the discussed approaches in larger, practical, simulation settings.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2011.00829.x","usgsCitation":"Bedekar, V., Niswonger, R., Kipp, K., Panday, S., and Tonkin, M., 2012, Approaches to the simulation of unconfined flow and perched groundwater flow in MODFLOW: Ground Water, v. 50, no. 2, p. 187-198, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2011.00829.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"187","endPage":"198","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-042355","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263982,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263981,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2011.00829.x"}],"country":"United States","volume":"50","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50cb57d3e4b09e092d6f03f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bedekar, Vivek","contributorId":80985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bedekar","given":"Vivek","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Niswonger, Richard G.","contributorId":45402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niswonger","given":"Richard G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kipp, Kenneth","contributorId":60097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kipp","given":"Kenneth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Panday, Sorab","contributorId":100513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panday","given":"Sorab","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tonkin, Matthew","contributorId":22219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tonkin","given":"Matthew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70041751,"text":"70041751 - 2012 - Role of surface-water and groundwater interactions on projected summertime streamflow in snow dominated regions : An integrated modeling approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-05T19:02:47.72027","indexId":"70041751","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Role of surface-water and groundwater interactions on projected summertime streamflow in snow dominated regions : An integrated modeling approach","docAbstract":"Previous studies indicate predominantly increasing trends in precipitation across the Western United States, while at the same time, historical streamflow records indicate decreasing summertime streamflow and 25th percentile annual flows. These opposing trends could be viewed as paradoxical, given that several studies suggest that increased annual precipitation will equate to increased annual groundwater recharge, and therefore increased summertime flow. To gain insight on mechanisms behind these potential changes, we rely on a calibrated, integrated surface and groundwater model to simulate climate impacts on surface water/groundwater interactions using 12 general circulation model projections of temperature and precipitation from 2010 to 2100, and evaluate the interplay between snowmelt timing and other hydrologic variables, including streamflow, groundwater recharge, storage, groundwater discharge, and evapotranspiration. Hydrologic simulations show that the timing of peak groundwater discharge to the stream is inversely correlated to snowmelt runoff and groundwater recharge due to the bank storage effect and reversal of hydraulic gradients between the stream and underlying groundwater. That is, groundwater flow to streams peaks following the decrease in stream depth caused by snowmelt recession, and the shift in snowmelt causes a corresponding shift in groundwater discharge to streams. Our results show that groundwater discharge to streams is depleted during the summer due to earlier drainage of shallow aquifers adjacent to streams even if projected annual precipitation and groundwater recharge increases. These projected changes in surface water/groundwater interactions result in more than a 30% decrease in the projected ensemble summertime streamflow. Our findings clarify causality of observed decreasing summertime flow, highlight important aspects of potential climate change impacts on groundwater resources, and underscore the need for integrated hydrologic models in climate change studies.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2012WR012319","usgsCitation":"Huntington, J., and Niswonger, R., 2012, Role of surface-water and groundwater interactions on projected summertime streamflow in snow dominated regions : An integrated modeling approach: Water Resources Research, v. 48, no. 11, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2012WR012319.","productDescription":"20 p.","ipdsId":"IP-036216","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":381891,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California;Nevada","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.000,39.208 ], [ -120.000,39.375 ], [ -119.833,39.375 ], [ -119.833,39.208 ], [ -120.000,39.208 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"48","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-11-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50cb5822e4b09e092d6f0426","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huntington, Justin L.","contributorId":31279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntington","given":"Justin L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Niswonger, Richard G.","contributorId":45402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niswonger","given":"Richard G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70041655,"text":"70041655 - 2012 - Comparing modern and presettlement forest dynamics of a subboreal wilderness: Does spruce budworm enhance fire risk?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-11T08:49:36","indexId":"70041655","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparing modern and presettlement forest dynamics of a subboreal wilderness: Does spruce budworm enhance fire risk?","docAbstract":"Insect disturbance is often thought to increase fire risk through enhanced fuel loadings, particularly in coniferous forest ecosystems. Yet insect disturbances also affect successional pathways and landscape structure that interact with fire disturbances (and vice-versa) over longer time scales. We applied a landscape succession and disturbance model (LANDIS-II) to evaluate the relative strength of interactions between spruce budworm (<i>Choristoneura fumiferana</i>) outbreaks and fire disturbances in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area (BWCA) in northern Minnesota (USA). Disturbance interactions were evaluated for two different scenarios: presettlement forests and fire regimes vs. contemporary forests and fire regimes. Forest composition under the contemporary scenario trended toward mixtures of deciduous species (primarily <i>Betula papyrifera</i> and <i>Populus</i> spp.) and shade-tolerant conifers (<i>Picea mariana, Abies balsamea, Thuja occidentalis</i>), with disturbances dominated by a combination of budworm defoliation and high-severity fires. The presettlement scenario retained comparatively more “big pines” (i.e., <i>Pinus strobus, P. resinosa</i>) and tamarack (<i>L. laricina</i>), and experienced less budworm disturbance and a comparatively less-severe fire regime. Spruce budworm disturbance decreased area burned and fire severity under both scenarios when averaged across the entire 300-year simulations. Contrary to past research, area burned and fire severity during outbreak decades were each similar to that observed in non-outbreak decades. Our analyses suggest budworm disturbances within forests of the BWCA have a comparatively weak effect on long-term forest composition due to a combination of characteristics. These include strict host specificity, fine-scaled patchiness created by defoliation damage, and advance regeneration of its primary host, balsam fir (<i>A. balsamea</i>) that allows its host to persist despite repeated disturbances. Understanding the nature of the three-way interaction between budworm, fire, and composition has important ramifications for both fire mitigation strategies and ecosystem restoration initiatives. We conclude that budworm disturbance can partially mitigate long-term future fire risk by periodically reducing live ladder fuel within the mixed forest types of the BWCA but will do little to reverse the compositional trends caused in part by reduced fire rotations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ESA","publisherLocation":"Ithaca, NY","doi":"10.1890/11-0590.1","usgsCitation":"Sturtevant, B., Miranda, B.R., Shinneman, D., Gustafson, E., and Wolter, P.T., 2012, Comparing modern and presettlement forest dynamics of a subboreal wilderness: Does spruce budworm enhance fire risk?: Ecological Applications, v. 22, no. 4, p. 1278-1296, https://doi.org/10.1890/11-0590.1.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1278","endPage":"1296","numberOfPages":"18","ipdsId":"IP-038937","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474208,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/nrem_pubs/195","text":"External Repository"},{"id":263907,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263906,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/11-0590.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Boundary Waters Canoe Area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.621269,48.019333 ], [ -90.621269,48.112644 ], [ -90.017044,48.112644 ], [ -90.017044,48.019333 ], [ -90.621269,48.019333 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"22","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c85601e4b03bc63bd67996","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sturtevant, Brian R.","contributorId":45126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sturtevant","given":"Brian R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miranda, Brian R.","contributorId":71395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miranda","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shinneman, Douglas J.","contributorId":70195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shinneman","given":"Douglas J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gustafson, Eric J.","contributorId":70196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gustafson","given":"Eric J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wolter, Peter T.","contributorId":76556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolter","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70041742,"text":"sir20125260 - 2012 - Water-level altitudes and continuous and discrete water quality at and near an aquifer storage and recovery site, Bexar, Atascosa, and Wilson Counties, Texas, June 2004-September 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-05T16:24:25","indexId":"sir20125260","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5260","title":"Water-level altitudes and continuous and discrete water quality at and near an aquifer storage and recovery site, Bexar, Atascosa, and Wilson Counties, Texas, June 2004-September 2011","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the San Antonio Water System (SAWS), collected data during 2004&ndash;11 to characterize the quality of native groundwater from the San Antonio segment of the Edwards aquifer (hereinafter, Edwards aquifer) and preinjection and postinjection water from the Carrizo aquifer (informal name commonly applied to the upper part of the Carrizo-Wilcox aquifer in the area) at and near an aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) site in Bexar, Atascosa, and Wilson Counties, Texas. Daily mean water-level altitude, water temperature, and specific conductance were measured continuously in a monitoring well on the ASR site to determine how injection and withdrawal at the ASR site might affect local groundwater. Groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for selected physical properties and constituents to characterize the quality of native groundwater from the Edwards aquifer and preinjection and postinjection water from the Carrizo aquifer near the ASR site to provide a better understanding of possible changes in the quality of groundwater near an active ASR site that might result from the mixing of water from different aquifers. During injection periods, the water-level altitude in the monitoring well generally increased as the amount of water being injected into all wells at the ASR site increased and decreased as the amount of water being injected into all wells at the ASR site decreased. During withdrawal periods, the water-level altitude in the monitoring well generally increased as the total volume of water being withdrawn from all wells at the ASR site decreased and generally decreased as the total volume of water being withdrawn from all wells increased. Daily mean water temperature fluctuated by less than 1 degree Celsius and was determined to be independent of injection or withdrawal conditions at the ASR site. Changes in daily mean specific-conductance values measured at four depths in the monitoring well at the ASR site occurred without regard to total ASR site injection or withdrawal volumes. No substantial differences were measured over time in major-ion, trace-element, or isotope chemistry of water samples collected from the wells that supplied water from the Edwards aquifer. Little variation in water chemistry was detected in the samples collected from four wells designed to inject and withdraw water at the ASR site, regardless of whether the ASR site was injecting or withdrawing water. The similarity of major-ion and isotope chemistry between the Edwards aquifer source wells and the four ASR wells indicates that little, if any, migration of injected water away from the ASR wells has occurred. In a well located closest to the ASR site in the direction of regional flow for the Carrizo aquifer, a greater alkalinity value and a smaller concentration of chloride were measured in the most recent sample than in all other samples collected at this well. Substantial increases in dissolved iron and manganese concentrations also were observed in this well. The increased alkalinity value and dissolved iron and manganese concentrations and the decreased chloride concentration in the well could indicate that the injected water from the Edwards aquifer had begun to move into at least a part of the strata supplying these wells and might be causing iron and manganese mobilization in the Carrizo aquifer.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125260","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the San Antonio Water System","usgsCitation":"Crow, C.L., 2012, Water-level altitudes and continuous and discrete water quality at and near an aquifer storage and recovery site, Bexar, Atascosa, and Wilson Counties, Texas, June 2004-September 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5260, vii, 85 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125260.","productDescription":"vii, 85 p.","numberOfPages":"98","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2004-06-01","temporalEnd":"2011-09-30","ipdsId":"IP-041166","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263956,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5260.gif"},{"id":263954,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5260/"},{"id":263955,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5260/pdf/sir2012-5260.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Atascosa County, Bexar County, Wilson County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -93.51,25.84 ], [ -93.51,36.5 ], [ -106.65,36.5 ], [ -106.65,25.84 ], [ -93.51,25.84 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c85642e4b03bc63bd679ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crow, Cassi L. 0000-0002-1279-2485 ccrow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1279-2485","contributorId":1666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crow","given":"Cassi","email":"ccrow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70041739,"text":"70041739 - 2012 - Spatial patterns of March and September streamflow trends in Pacific Northwest Streams, 1958-2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-11T21:51:03","indexId":"70041739","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1769,"text":"Geographical Analysis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial patterns of March and September streamflow trends in Pacific Northwest Streams, 1958-2008","docAbstract":"Summer streamflow is a vital water resource for municipal and domestic water supplies, irrigation, salmonid habitat, recreation, and water-related ecosystem services in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) in the United States. This study detects significant negative trends in September absolute streamflow in a majority of 68 stream-gauging stations located on unregulated streams in the PNW from 1958 to 2008. The proportion of March streamflow to annual streamflow increases in most stations over 1,000 m elevation, with a baseflow index of less than 50, while absolute March streamflow does not increase in most stations. The declining trends of September absolute streamflow are strongly associated with seven-day low flow, January–March maximum temperature trends, and the size of the basin (19–7,260 km<sup>2</sup>), while the increasing trends of the fraction of March streamflow are associated with elevation, April 1 snow water equivalent, March precipitation, center timing of streamflow, and October–December minimum temperature trends. Compared with ordinary least squares (OLS) estimated regression models, spatial error regression and geographically weighted regression (GWR) models effectively remove spatial autocorrelation in residuals. The GWR model results show spatial gradients of local R <sup>2</sup> values with consistently higher local R <sup>2</sup> values in the northern Cascades. This finding illustrates that different hydrologic landscape factors, such as geology and seasonal distribution of precipitation, also influence streamflow trends in the PNW. In addition, our spatial analysis model results show that considering various geographic factors help clarify the dynamics of streamflow trends over a large geographical area, supporting a spatial analysis approach over aspatial OLS-estimated regression models for predicting streamflow trends. Results indicate that transitional rain–snow surface water-dominated basins are likely to have reduced summer streamflow under warming scenarios. Consequently, a better understanding of the relationships among summer streamflow, precipitation, snowmelt, elevation, and geology can help water managers predict the response of regional summer streamflow to global warming.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geographical Analysis","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/j.1538-4632.2012.00847.x","usgsCitation":"Chang, H., Jung, I., Steele, M., and Gannett, M., 2012, Spatial patterns of March and September streamflow trends in Pacific Northwest Streams, 1958-2008: Geographical Analysis, v. 44, no. 3, p. 177-201, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4632.2012.00847.x.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"177","endPage":"201","ipdsId":"IP-027578","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263966,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263965,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4632.2012.00847.x"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Pacific Northwest","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.5,18.9 ], [ 172.5,71.4 ], [ -66.9,71.4 ], [ -66.9,18.9 ], [ 172.5,18.9 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"44","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-07-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c85637e4b03bc63bd679c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chang, Heejun","contributorId":14705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chang","given":"Heejun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jung, Il-Won","contributorId":38865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jung","given":"Il-Won","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steele, Madeline","contributorId":59702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steele","given":"Madeline","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gannett, Marshall","contributorId":61723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gannett","given":"Marshall","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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