No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b844C","usgsCitation":"Moffit, F.H., 1933, The Suslota Pass district, upper Copper River region, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 844, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b844C.","productDescription":"30 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":109122,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_20510.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"20510"},{"id":170330,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0844c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":93980,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0844c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -144.0,\n 62.3330\n ],\n [\n -142.5830,\n 62.3330\n ],\n [\n -142.5830,\n 63.0\n ],\n [\n -144.0,\n 63.0\n ],\n [\n -144.0,\n 62.3330\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b08e4b07f02db69b684","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moffit, F. H.","contributorId":19523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moffit","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":231416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1591,"text":"wsp734 - 1933 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1932, Part IX, Colorado River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:13","indexId":"wsp734","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1933","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"734","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1932, Part IX, Colorado River basin","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp734","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1933, Surface water supply of the United States, 1932, Part IX, Colorado River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 734, v, 137 p. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp734.","productDescription":"v, 137 p. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137496,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0734/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26656,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0734/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db697858","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1590,"text":"wsp739 - 1933 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1932 : Part 12. North Pacific slope basins : C. Pacific slope basins in Oregon and Lower Columbia River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:13","indexId":"wsp739","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1933","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"739","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1932 : Part 12. North Pacific slope basins : C. Pacific slope basins in Oregon and Lower Columbia River Basin","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp739","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1933, Surface water supply of the United States, 1932 : Part 12. North Pacific slope basins : C. Pacific slope basins in Oregon and Lower Columbia River Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 739, vi, 167 p. :ill. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp739.","productDescription":"vi, 167 p. :ill. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137495,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0739/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26655,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0739/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db696268","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1586,"text":"wsp722 - 1933 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1931 : Part 12. North Pacific slope drainage basins : A. Pacific slope basins in Washington and upper Columbia River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:22","indexId":"wsp722","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1933","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"722","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1931 : Part 12. North Pacific slope drainage basins : A. Pacific slope basins in Washington and upper Columbia River basin","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp722","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1933, Surface water supply of the United States, 1931 : Part 12. North Pacific slope drainage basins : A. Pacific slope basins in Washington and upper Columbia River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 722, vii, 188 p. :ill. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp722.","productDescription":"vii, 188 p. :ill. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138355,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0722/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26651,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0722/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db696296","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":32814,"text":"pp175B - 1933 - Some of Alpheus Hyatt's unfigured types from the Jurassic of California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-12T10:19:23","indexId":"pp175B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1933","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"175","chapter":"B","title":"Some of Alpheus Hyatt's unfigured types from the Jurassic of California","docAbstract":"Alpheus Hyatt named a considerable number of Jurassic fossils from California. Only a few of these were described, arid none were illustrated. In this paper 16 of these species are evaluated in terms of present-day nomenclature, figures of the type specimens are shown, and their probable age significance is given. Included are Monotis semiplicata (=Entolium semiplicata),Monotis symmetrica (=Entolium symmetrica), Daonella?subjecta ( = '' Daonella\" subjecta), Daonella bOchiformts (=\" Daonella\" bOchiformis), Daonella cardinoides (=\"Duonella\"cardinoides), A ucella erringtoni var. arcuata ( = Buchia arcuata), Aucella elongata ( = Buchia elongata), AuceUa var.elongata orbicularis ( = Buchia sinzovi), Aucella aviculaeformis ( = Buchia erringtoni var. aviculaeformis), Aucella aviculaeformis var. acuta ( = Buchia erringtoni var. orbicularis), Aucella orb·.icularis( = Buchia erringtoni var. orbicularis), Cardioceras dub\\~um ( = Amoeboceras dubium), Perisphinctes virgulatiformis ( = Viigatosphinctes virgulatiformis), Perisphinctes miihlbachi ( = Dichotomoceras miihlbachi), iJlcostephanus lindgreni ( =\" Galilaeiceras\"\nlindgreni), Oecotraustes denticulata ( = \"Oecotraustes\" dent-iculata).","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"United States Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/pp175B","usgsCitation":"Crickmay, C., 1933, Some of Alpheus Hyatt's unfigured types from the Jurassic of California: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 175, II, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp175B.","productDescription":"II, 16 p.","startPage":"52","endPage":"67","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":167381,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0175b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":268924,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0175b/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.41,32.53 ], [ -124.41,42.01 ], [ -114.13,42.01 ], [ -114.13,32.53 ], [ -124.41,32.53 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a63a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crickmay, C.H.","contributorId":67792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crickmay","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":32815,"text":"pp175D - 1933 - Origin of the anhydrite cap rock of American salt domes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:31","indexId":"pp175D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1933","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"175","chapter":"D","title":"Origin of the anhydrite cap rock of American salt domes","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp175D","usgsCitation":"Goldman, M., 1933, Origin of the anhydrite cap rock of American salt domes: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 175, p. 83-114, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp175D.","productDescription":"p. 83-114","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":126578,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0175d/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":60788,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0175d/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a5c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goldman, M.I.","contributorId":6028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldman","given":"M.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":45355,"text":"b830B - 1933 - Geology of the Robertson, Humdinger, and Robert E. gold mines, southwestern Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:13","indexId":"b830B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1933","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"830","chapter":"B","title":"Geology of the Robertson, Humdinger, and Robert E. gold mines, southwestern Oregon","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/b830B","usgsCitation":"Shenon, P., 1933, Geology of the Robertson, Humdinger, and Robert E. gold mines, southwestern Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 830, 64 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b830B.","productDescription":"64 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":114017,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0830b/report.pdf","size":"5030","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":169665,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0830b/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e717","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shenon, P. J.","contributorId":38540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shenon","given":"P. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":231461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":39324,"text":"pp175A - 1933 - Miocene foraminifera of the coastal plain of the eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-13T13:51:19","indexId":"pp175A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1933","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"175","chapter":"A","title":"Miocene foraminifera of the coastal plain of the eastern United States","language":"English","publisher":"United States Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/pp175A","usgsCitation":"Cushman, J., and Cahill, E., 1933, Miocene foraminifera of the coastal plain of the eastern United States: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 175, 68 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp175A.","productDescription":"68 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":169902,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0175a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":268939,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0175a/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -8.083333333333334,2.068055555555556 ], [ -8.083333333333334,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -7.018055555555556,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -7.018055555555556,2.068055555555556 ], [ -8.083333333333334,2.068055555555556 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699c40","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cushman, J.A.","contributorId":97162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cushman","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cahill, E.D.","contributorId":75207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cahill","given":"E.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":39325,"text":"pp175C - 1933 - Replacement origin of the albite granite near Sparta, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-13T13:34:13","indexId":"pp175C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1933","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"175","chapter":"C","title":"Replacement origin of the albite granite near Sparta, Oregon","language":"English","publisher":"United States Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/pp175C","usgsCitation":"Gilluly, J., 1933, Replacement origin of the albite granite near Sparta, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 175, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp175C.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"65","endPage":"81","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":169975,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0175c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":268940,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0175c/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Sparta","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.75,44.91 ], [ -117.75,45.62 ], [ -117.15,45.62 ], [ -117.15,44.91 ], [ -117.75,44.91 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5ee4b07f02db633e75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gilluly, James","contributorId":51743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilluly","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":45320,"text":"b846A - 1933 - Some mining districts of eastern Oregon","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":45320,"text":"b846A - 1933 - Some mining districts of eastern Oregon","indexId":"b846A","publicationYear":"1933","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Some mining districts of eastern Oregon"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":34988,"text":"b846 - 1934 - Contributions to economic geology (short papers and preliminary reports), 1933","indexId":"b846","publicationYear":"1934","noYear":false,"title":"Contributions to economic geology (short papers and preliminary reports), 1933"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":34988,"text":"b846 - 1934 - Contributions to economic geology (short papers and preliminary reports), 1933","indexId":"b846","publicationYear":"1934","noYear":false,"title":"Contributions to economic geology (short papers and preliminary reports), 1933"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-27T21:20:34.123389","indexId":"b846A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1933","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"846","chapter":"A","title":"Some mining districts of eastern Oregon","docAbstract":"This report presents the results of a reconnaissance of most of the mining districts of Oregon east of the Cascade Range, with the exception of the districts in the Sumpter quadrangle. The districts described are distributed through an area roughly coincident with the Blue Mountains, which extend over much of the northeast quarter of the State.
The geology of the Blue Mountains, except for certain small areas, is known only in its most general outlines. The most widespread rocks are the Tertiary volcanic rocks, which extend over a very large part of the State. They are separated by a profound angular and erosional unconformity from the pre-Tertiary rocks.
The pre-Tertiary rocks include representatives of all the geologic periods from Carboniferous to Cretaceous, and earlier periods may also be represented.
The known Carboniferous rocks include argillite, chert, greenstone, and subordinate limestone of uncertain age and a thick series of Permian greenstone, tuff, and limestone. The Triassic rocks include shale, slate, and limestone; the Jurassic rocks are shale and slate; and the Cretaceous are conglomerate and sandstone. Schist and phyllite with some limestone and greenstone of uncertain age occur along the Burnt River west of Durkee and in the Mormon Basin.
Intrusive rocks of at least two magmatic cycles are widespread in the Blue Mountains, and the stratigraphy suggests that several cycles may be represented. The older intrusive rocks include gabbro, pyroxenite, norite, dunite, hornblende-quartz diorite, and albite granite and are characterized by a considerable degree of shearing and both cataclastic and metasomatic metamorphism. The age of some of these rocks in the Canyon Range has been fixed as Lower or Middle Triassic, and others are known to be post-Triassic. Younger biotite-quartz diorite and granodiorite of post-Triassic (possibly post-Jurassic) age are widespread, arid the ore deposits of pre-Tertiary age are believed to be genetically related to these rocks.
Representatives of the Tertiary period include Eocene volcanic rocks and sediments, Oligocene fluviatile deposits, Miocene basic lavas and fluviatile and lacustrine sediments, and Pliocene tuff and gravel. The Quaternary deposits include glacial moraines in the higher mountains, stream gravel, and volcanic ash.
The structure of the pre-Tertiary rocks is complex. Folds are characteristically close or isoclinal and strike eastward. The post-Permian rocks appear to be less metamorphosed and less strongly deformed than the earlier rocks, and the Jurassic less than the Triassic. More than one epoch of diastrophism is therefore involved.
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","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Investigations in Alaska Railroad belt, 1931 (Bulletin 849)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b849I","usgsCitation":"Tuck, R., 1933, The Moose Pass-Hope District, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 849, x, 62 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b849I.","productDescription":"x, 62 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":174695,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0849i/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":388387,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_21019.htm"},{"id":94042,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/0849i/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Moose Pass-Hope district","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -149.732666015625,\n 60.36228069247893\n ],\n [\n -149.27673339843747,\n 60.36228069247893\n ],\n [\n -149.27673339843747,\n 60.919754532399686\n ],\n [\n -149.732666015625,\n 60.919754532399686\n ],\n [\n -149.732666015625,\n 60.36228069247893\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e479fe4b07f02db49307e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tuck, Ralph","contributorId":107244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tuck","given":"Ralph","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":472,"text":"wsp729 - 1933 - Surface water supply of the United States, 1932, Part IV, St. Lawrence River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:12","indexId":"wsp729","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1933","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"729","title":"Surface water supply of the United States, 1932, Part IV, St. Lawrence River basin","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. 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In general the surface of this region is mountainous, but it includes several large intermontane valleys. Large areas in the northern and eastern parts of the region sire underlain by sedimentary rocks of the Algonkian Belt series, and on the northeast and southwest the Belt rocks are overlain without any noticeable angular unconformity by Paleozoic and Mesozoic beds. Oligocene, Miocene, and possibly Pliocene sediments, composed chiefly of volcanic ash and land waste of local origin, occupy large areas in the intermontane valleys and lie unconformably upon Cretaceous and older rocks. A thin veneer of Pleistocene and Recent alluvium generally overspreads the Tertiary. In the extreme northern part of the region are large deposits of glacial drift that represent two stages of the Pleistocene.
The principal igneous body of the region is the northern part of the early Tertiary or late Cretaceous Boulder batholitb of quartz monzonite. The main exposure of this body occupies an area of nearly 1,200 square miles and extends southward beyond the limits of the particular region considered. Smaller areas of similar rocks are clustered around this exposure. Most of the exposures probably represent bodies that are connected in depth to form a single mass.
The late Cretaceous and older sedimentary rocks are involved in a series of northwestward-trending folds. Along the east side of the region overthrust faults related to the great Lewis overthrust of Glacier National Park cause Belt rocks to overlie rocks of Paleozoic and Mesozoic ages. Large normal faults occur near Marysville and faults of moderate displacement near Helena. The Tertiary beds are slightly deformed by folds and faults that are unrelated to the structure of the older rock. The geologic history of the region includes two contrasting periods, the earlier of which was characterized by the accumulation of marine sediments and the later by mountain building and erosion. The later period began with folding and elevation in late Cretaceous or early Eocene time, followed by overthrust faulting and the intrusion of the Boulder batholith. Next, there ensued a period of crustal stability, during which erosion reduced the region to a surface of low relief and cut away at least 10,000 feet of strata in the area north of Helena. In Oligocene, Miocene, and Pliocene (?) time sediments composed of land waste and volcanic ash were deposited, and this event was followed by warping and faulting that elevated the present mountains. During Pliocene and Pleistocene time the mountains were maturely dissected, and in middle and late Pleistocene time local glaciers formed in the higher mountains and large valley glaciers invaded the extreme northern part of the region.
The ore deposits include lodes and placers that have yielded gold, silver, lead, copper, and zinc to a value of at least $176,860,000. The placers were formed mostly during interglacial stages of the Pleistocene. They have been almost entirely exhausted. Most of the lodes are classified as regards age in two groups, an older and a younger. The older lodes are related in origin to the Boulder batholith or some of the neighboring intrusive granitic bodies and were probably formed during early Eocene time. The younger lodes were formed after dacite of probable Miocene age was erupted. They are possibly related in origin to some unexposed intrusive granitic rock.
For convenience in description the region is divided into three parts districts north of Helena, districts in the Belt Mountains, and districts south of Helena.
The districts north of Helena include a 50-mile stretch of the Continental Divide that forms a broad ridge surmounted with considerable areas of flat or gently sloping surface at a general altitude of 7,000 feet. Narrow valleys 1,000 to 2,000 feet deep are cut into this surface and lead out to the neighboring wide intermontane valleys. The area is underlain mostly by shale, sandstone, and limestone of the upper part of the Belt series. Beds of Paleozoic and Mesozoic age occur south of the Belt area and extend from Helena west and northwest. The igneous rocks of the area include diorite and gabbro sills and dikes of probable Cretaceous age, extrusive andesite that is probably Oligocene or Miocene, and stocks of quartz monzonite, granodiorite, and quartz diorite, probably of Oligocene or Miocene age.
The ore deposits of the northern districts are chiefly lodes that are valuable for gold and silver but contain some lead and copper. In the Ophir district bodies of gold and silver ore occur mainly in limestone near a body of quartz monzonite. In the Scratchgravel Hills and Grass Valley districts veins of gold quartz and veins containing lead-silver ore occur in quartz monzonite and in the adjoining metamorphic rocks. In the Austin district lodes containing gold; silver, lead, and copper are found in limestone near intrusive quartz monzonite. An unusual mineral in one of these lodes is corkite, a hydrous sulphate of lead containing arsenic. A small stock of quartz diorite in the Marysville district has invaded and domed Belt rocks. Marginal and radial fractures formed during the cooling and contraction of the igneous body became the receptacles of gold and silver veins, one of which, the Drumlummon, has produced $16,000,000. The veins filled open fractures and are characterized by a gangue of platy calcite and quartz. Lodes in Towsley Gulch in the western part of the district contain lead in addition to gold. In the Gould district a small stock of the granodiorite has invaded the Belt rocks and caused the deposition of veins similar to those near Marysville. In the Heddleston district lodes valuable for gold, silver, lead, and copper occur in Belt sedimentary rocks and diorite, some of them associated with porphyry dikes. In the Wolf Creek district veins in Belt rocks have produced copper ore composed mainly of chalcopyrite or chalcopyrite and tennantite accompanied by pyrite and a gangue of quartz and barite.
Placer deposits along the western slope of the Belt Mountains have produced $17,500,000 in gold. Sapphires were formerly obtained from some of these deposits. The central part of the Belt Mountains is a plateaulike area considered to be the remnant of a surface produced by erosion during Tertiary time. This surface was elevated and has been deeply trenched by narrow, transverse valleys that are bordered with remnants of low terraces in which most of the placer deposits occur. Most of the western slope of the mountains is underlain by sedimentary rocks of the Belt series. At the foot of the mountains these give place to Paleozoic rocks, and these in turn are overlain unconformably in Townsend Valley by Tertiary and later deposits. The main structural feature is a great arch called the York anticline, which occupies most of the west side of the mountains. At the west foot of the mountains this fold is bordered by a series of small synclines that are tightly squeezed, faulted, and overturned as a result of pressure exerted from the west or southwest along a fracture described as the El Dorado overthrust On another fracture called1 the Scout Camp overthrust the Belt rocks composing the western slope of the mountains are thrust eastward over Paleozoic beds. Both faults are regarded as branches of the Lewis overthrust of Glacier Park. Igneous rocks that probably range in age from early Eocene to Pleistocene are widely but sparingly distributed.' They include sills and dikes of quartz dibrite, porphyry dikes, small stocks of quartz monzonite and quartz diorite, and surface flows of andesite and basalt.
The deposits in the Belt Mountains that are of most interest at the present time are lodes that are chiefly valuable for gold. Most of them are found in the vicinity of York and Confederate Gulch. Nearly all are small quartz veins formed along fractures in diorite dikes and stocks or on bedding planes in the adjoining Belt sedimentary rocks. An exception is the Golden Messenger, a replacement deposit of large size but low grade, formed along fractures in a quartz diorite dike. Other veins in the same dike belong to the rather uncommon class called ladder veins. Many of the small veins contain shoots and bunches of rich ore in their upper parts. Downward- enrichment in gold is indicated to have occurred in some of the veins near York that lie below an old erosion surface. Elsewhere the origin of the placer deposits from erosion o'f the lodes during interglacial stages of the Pleistocene is indicated. Lodes containing chalcopyrite occupy tension fractures in the Belt shales that were produced by lateral movements of the mass composing the mountain front.
In the districts south of Helena mining began with the discovery, on July 14, 1864, of rich placer deposits at the present site of the city of Helena, on Last Chance Creek. Since then the placer and lode deposits of these districts have produced metals worth $130,000,000 or more, of which about one-third was gold, the remainder chiefly lead and zinc. Sedimentary rocks ranging in age from Algonkian to Cretaceous underlie parts of the region, and other parts are underlain by a bedded series of andesite and latite tuffs, breccias, and flows. These rocks have been intruded and severely metamorphosed by the quartz monzonite of the Boulder batholith, the exposures of which occupy a large area. Rocks later than the intrusion of the batholith are chiefly a series of late Tertiary dacites and rhyolites.
The placers of the southern districts have been almost entirely worked out. The lodes have yielded metals worth $111,600,000, but many of them are still productive. They include veins and contact-metamorphic deposits. Some of the contact deposits contain copper ore, and others contain iron ore valuable for fluxing. The veins are of two ages. The older veins have yielded most of the metallic production of the region. Their ores in general are heavy sulphide aggregates composed mainly of galena, sphalerite, and pyrite. Arsenopyrite is generally present; tetrahedrite and chalcopyrite are less common. Many of the veins are distinguished from the usual type of ore body by the occurrence of abundant tourmaline. The, metals produced are chiefly silver, lead, gold, and zinc, with some copper. The younger veins are essentially precious-metal deposits. They are mainly fissure veins but include some disseminated deposits of low grade. They are widely distributed and include several productive bodies. A distinguishing feature is the occurrence in the gangue of cryptocrystalline quartz and lamellar calcite. A dominant eastward trend of the vein fractures of the older group indicates them to be tension cracks in the crust block lying west of the Lewis overthrust that were produced by stretching in a direction at right angles to the thrust.