{"pageNumber":"65","pageRowStart":"1600","pageSize":"25","recordCount":10450,"records":[{"id":70230035,"text":"70230035 - 2020 - Understanding the uncertainty in global forest carbon turnover","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-25T13:54:17.290291","indexId":"70230035","displayToPublicDate":"2020-08-05T08:50:31","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1011,"text":"Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Understanding the uncertainty in global forest carbon turnover","docAbstract":"The length of time that carbon remains in forest biomass is one of the largest uncertainties in the global carbon cycle, with both recent historical baselines and future responses to environmental change poorly constrained by available observations. In the absence of large-scale observations, models used for global assessments tend to fall back on simplified assumptions of the turnover rates of biomass and soil carbon pools. In this study, the biomass carbon turnover times calculated by an ensemble of contemporary terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) are analysed to assess their current capability to accurately estimate biomass carbon turnover times in forests and how these times are anticipated to change in the future. Modelled baseline 1985–2014 global average forest biomass turnover times vary from 12.2 to 23.5 years between TBMs. TBM differences in phenological processes, which control allocation to, and turnover rate of, leaves and fine roots, are as important as tree mortality with regard to explaining the variation in total turnover among TBMs. The different governing mechanisms exhibited by each TBM result in a wide range of plausible turnover time projections for the end of the century. Based on these simulations, it is not possible to draw robust conclusions regarding likely future changes in turnover time, and thus biomass change, for different regions. Both spatial and temporal uncertainty in turnover time are strongly linked to model assumptions concerning plant functional type distributions and their controls. Thirteen model-based hypotheses of controls on turnover time are identified, along with recommendations for pragmatic steps to test them using existing and novel observations. Efforts to resolve uncertainty in turnover time, and thus its impacts on the future evolution of biomass carbon stocks across the world's forests, will need to address both mortality and establishment components of forest demography, as well as allocation of carbon to woody versus non-woody biomass growth.","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/bg-17-3961-2020","usgsCitation":"Pugh, T., Rademacher, T.T., Shafer, S., Steinkamp, J., Barichivich, J., Beckage, B., Haverd, V., Harper, A., Heinke, J., Nishina, K., Rammig, A., Sato, H., Arneth, A., Hantson, S., Hickler, T., Kautz, M., Quesada, B., Smith, B., and Thonicke, K., 2020, Understanding the uncertainty in global forest carbon turnover: Biogeosciences, v. 17, p. 3961-3989, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3961-2020.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"3961","endPage":"3989","ipdsId":"IP-108104","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455754,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3961-2020","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":397598,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-08-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pugh, Thomas A. M.","contributorId":289252,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pugh","given":"Thomas A. M.","affiliations":[{"id":62077,"text":"School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences and Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rademacher, Tim Tito","contributorId":289253,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rademacher","given":"Tim","email":"","middleInitial":"Tito","affiliations":[{"id":62079,"text":"Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shafer, Sarah 0000-0003-3739-2637 sshafer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3739-2637","contributorId":149866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafer","given":"Sarah","email":"sshafer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Steinkamp, Jorg","contributorId":289254,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Steinkamp","given":"Jorg","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":62080,"text":"Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt/Main, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barichivich, Jonathan","contributorId":289255,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barichivich","given":"Jonathan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":62081,"text":"Instituto de Conservación Biodiversidad y Territorio, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile, and Center for Climate and Resilience Research, Santiago, Chile; Instituto de Geografía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Beckage, Brian","contributorId":289256,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beckage","given":"Brian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":62082,"text":"Department of Plant Biology & Department of Computer Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Haverd, Vanessa 0000-0003-4359-5895","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4359-5895","contributorId":245057,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haverd","given":"Vanessa","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":49073,"text":"CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT, 2601 Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Harper, Anna","contributorId":289257,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harper","given":"Anna","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":62083,"text":"College of Engineering, Mathematics, and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Heinke, Jens","contributorId":289258,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heinke","given":"Jens","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":62084,"text":"Potsdam-Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Telegraphenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Nishina, Kazuya","contributorId":289259,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nishina","given":"Kazuya","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":62085,"text":"Institute of Arctic Climate and Environment Research (IACE), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 3173-25 Showamachi, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0001, Japan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Rammig, Anja","contributorId":289260,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rammig","given":"Anja","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":62086,"text":"Technical University of Munich (TUM), School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Freising, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Sato, Hisashi","contributorId":289261,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sato","given":"Hisashi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":62085,"text":"Institute of Arctic Climate and Environment Research (IACE), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 3173-25 Showamachi, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0001, Japan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Arneth, Almut","contributorId":289262,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arneth","given":"Almut","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":62088,"text":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Kreuzeckbahnstrasse 19, 82467, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Hantson, Stijn","contributorId":207242,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hantson","given":"Stijn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37495,"text":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Hickler, Thomas","contributorId":245550,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hickler","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[{"id":27439,"text":"Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Kautz, Markus","contributorId":203627,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kautz","given":"Markus","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":838818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Quesada, Benjamin","contributorId":289263,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Quesada","given":"Benjamin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":62088,"text":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Kreuzeckbahnstrasse 19, 82467, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Smith, Benjamin","contributorId":171838,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Benjamin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":838820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Thonicke, Kirsten","contributorId":289264,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thonicke","given":"Kirsten","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":62084,"text":"Potsdam-Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Telegraphenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19}]}}
,{"id":70214482,"text":"70214482 - 2020 - Soil organic carbon stocks and sequestration rates of inland, freshwater wetlands: Sources of variability and uncertainty","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-28T14:29:08.336665","indexId":"70214482","displayToPublicDate":"2020-08-03T09:25:55","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soil organic carbon stocks and sequestration rates of inland, freshwater wetlands: Sources of variability and uncertainty","docAbstract":"<div id=\"ab0005\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"as0005\"><p id=\"sp0070\">Impacts of land use, specifically soil disturbance, are linked to reductions of soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks. Correspondingly, ecosystem restoration is promoted to sequester SOC to mitigate anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, which are exacerbating global climate change. Restored wetlands have relatively high potential to sequester carbon compared to other ecosystems, but SOC accumulation rates are variable, which leads to high uncertainty in sequestration rates. To assess soil properties and carbon sequestration rates of freshwater mineral soil wetlands, we analyzed an extensive database of SOC concentrations from the Prairie Pothole Region (549 wetlands over 160,000&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>), which is considered one of the largest wetland ecosystems in North America. We demonstrate that SOC of wetland catchments varies among inner, transition, toe slope, and upland landscape positions (LSPs), as well as among land uses and soil depth segments. Soil organic carbon concentrations were greatest in the inner portion of the catchment (66&nbsp;Mg&nbsp;ha<sup>−1</sup>) and progressively decrease towards the upland LSP (43&nbsp;Mg&nbsp;ha<sup>−1</sup>). We also conducted a regional extrapolation based on LSP- and land-use-specific SOC stocks, and estimated that wetland and upland areas of PPR wetland catchments contain 141 and 178 Tg of SOC in the upper 15&nbsp;cm of the soil profile, respectively. Regressing SOC by restoration age (years restored) showed that sequestration rates, which differ by LSP and depth, ranged from 0.35 to 1.10&nbsp;Mg&nbsp;ha<sup>−1</sup>&nbsp;year<sup>−1</sup>. Using these SOC sequestration rates, along with data from natural and cropland reference sites, we estimated that it takes 20 to 64&nbsp;years for SOC levels of restored wetlands to return to natural reference conditions, depending on LSP and depth segment. Accounting for LSP reduces uncertainty and should refine future assessments of the greenhouse gas mitigation potential from wetland restoration.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141444","usgsCitation":"Tangen, B., and Bansal, S., 2020, Soil organic carbon stocks and sequestration rates of inland, freshwater wetlands: Sources of variability and uncertainty: Science of the Total Environment, v. 749, 141444, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141444.","productDescription":"141444, 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-119144","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455780,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141444","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":378808,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States, Canada","state":"Iowa, Minnesota, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Prairie Pothole region","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -96.94335937499999,\n              50.00773901463687\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.140625,\n              50.56928286558243\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.39257812499999,\n              51.781435604431195\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.61132812499999,\n              52.26815737376817\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.072265625,\n              53.330872983017066\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.005859375,\n              51.56341232867588\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.91796875,\n              50.17689812200107\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.86328125,\n              48.748945343432936\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.017578125,\n              48.3416461723746\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.556640625,\n              48.40003249610685\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.71093749999999,\n              48.10743118848039\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.865234375,\n              47.21956811231547\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.634765625,\n              46.07323062540835\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.1953125,\n              45.644768217751924\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.01953125,\n              44.902577996288876\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.26171875,\n              43.32517767999296\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.767578125,\n              43.32517767999296\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.74609375,\n              41.902277040963696\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.33984375,\n              40.44694705960048\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.0546875,\n              41.902277040963696\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.07617187499999,\n              44.465151013519616\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.833984375,\n              47.040182144806664\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.064453125,\n              48.10743118848039\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.94335937499999,\n              50.00773901463687\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"749","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tangen, Brian 0000-0001-5157-9882 btangen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5157-9882","contributorId":167277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tangen","given":"Brian","email":"btangen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bansal, Sheel 0000-0003-1233-1707 sbansal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1233-1707","contributorId":167295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bansal","given":"Sheel","email":"sbansal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70213082,"text":"70213082 - 2020 - A trapping survey targeting head-started alligator snapping turtles in southwest Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-05T21:31:13.265943","indexId":"70213082","displayToPublicDate":"2020-08-01T09:37:20","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2287,"text":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A trapping survey targeting head-started alligator snapping turtles in southwest Louisiana","docAbstract":"<p><span>The alligator snapping turtle Macrochelys temminckii is the largest freshwater turtle in North America and is sought after as a food source, primarily in Louisiana. Decades of intensive commercial harvest of alligator snapping turtles has been implicated in population declines. The Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries initiated a head-start program for alligator snapping turtles and released 53 head-started juveniles at seven sites along an approximately 5.7-km stretch of Bundick Creek in southwest Louisiana between November 2015 and October 2016. Before release, all alligator snapping turtles were measured, weighed, and marked with both an internal passive integrated transponder tag and a numbered external tag. In 2018, the U.S. Geological Survey initiated a turtle trapping survey at those seven release sites targeting the head-started alligator snapping turtles. In one week of trapping effort at each site, we recorded 69 turtle captures comprising seven species, including 15 alligator snapping turtles (representing 12 individuals). Of those 12 individuals, 8 were head-started juveniles and 4 were native to the creek. An additional head-started juvenile alligator snapping turtle was captured by a landowner during our trapping and measurements were taken before release. A minimum of 17% of head-started alligator snapping turtles survived since release, and most captured head-started individuals were trapped near their release site and exhibited growth consistent with other studies, indicating acclimatization to their new environment. Three head-started alligator snapping turtles had their external tags entangled in the net mesh, and two of these turtles drowned. An additional two head-started individuals lost their external tags in the natural environment prior to their capture in this study. The use of external tags was discontinued by the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries based on our findings, as they were detrimental to the health of head-started turtles.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Allen Press","doi":"10.3996/JFWM-20-009","usgsCitation":"Glorioso, B., Muse, L.J., Hillard, C.J., Maldonado, B.R., Streeter, J., Battaglia, C.D., and Waddle, J.H., 2020, A trapping survey targeting head-started alligator snapping turtles in southwest Louisiana: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, v. 11, no. 2, p. 572-582, https://doi.org/10.3996/JFWM-20-009.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"572","endPage":"582","ipdsId":"IP-108013","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455791,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3996/jfwm-20-009","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436844,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9G9BR1D","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data from a turtle trapping effort at a release site of head-started alligator snapping turtles, Macrochelys temminckii, in southwest Louisiana in 2018"},{"id":436843,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9G9BR1D","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data from a turtle trapping effort at a release site of head-started alligator snapping turtles, Macrochelys temminckii, in southwest Louisiana in 2018"},{"id":378264,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","county":"Beauregard Parish","otherGeospatial":"Bundick 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D","contributorId":239944,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Battaglia","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"D","affiliations":[{"id":12717,"text":"Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Waddle, J. Hardin 0000-0003-1940-2133 waddleh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1940-2133","contributorId":138953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddle","given":"J.","email":"waddleh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Hardin","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":798183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70216432,"text":"70216432 - 2020 - Three-dimensional shape and structure of the Susitna basin, south-central Alaska, from geophysical data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-18T13:35:24.510584","indexId":"70216432","displayToPublicDate":"2020-08-01T07:30:04","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Three-dimensional shape and structure of the Susitna basin, south-central Alaska, from geophysical data","docAbstract":"<p><span>We use gravity, magnetic, seismic reflection, well, and outcrop data to determine the three-dimensional shape and structural features of south-central Alaska’s Susitna basin. This basin is located within the Aleutian-Alaskan convergent margin region and is expected to show effects of regional subduction zone processes. Aeromagnetic data, when filtered to highlight anomalies associated with sources within the upper few kilometers, show numerous linear northeast-trending highs and some linear north-trending highs. Comparisons to seismic reflection and well data show that these highs correspond to areas where late Paleocene to early Eocene volcanic layers have been locally uplifted due to folding and/or faulting. The combined magnetic and seismic reflection data suggest that the linear highs represent northeast-trending folds and north-striking faults. Several lines of evidence suggest that the northeast-trending folds formed during the middle Eocene to early Miocene and may have continued to be active in the Pliocene. The north-striking faults, which in some areas appear to cut the northeast-trending folds, show evidence of Neogene and probable modern movement. Gravity data facilitate estimates of the shape and depth of the basin. This was accomplished by separating the observed gravity anomaly into two components—one representing low-density sedimentary fill within the basin and one representing density heterogeneities within the underlying crystalline basement. We then used the basin anomaly, seismic reflection data, and well data to estimate the depth of the basin. Together, the magnetic, gravity, and reflection seismic analyses reveal an asymmetric basin comprising sedimentary rock over 4 km thick with steep, fault-bounded sides to the southwest, west, and north and a mostly gentle rise toward the east. Relations to the broader tectonic regime are suggested by fold axis orientations within the Susitna basin and neighboring Cook Inlet basin, which are roughly parallel to the easternmost part of the Alaska-Aleutian trench and associated Wadati-Benioff zone as it trends from northeast to north-northeast to northeast. An alignment between forearc basin folds and the subduction zone trench has been observed at other convergent margins, attributed to strain partitioning generated by regional rheologic variations that are associated with the subducting plate and arc magmatism. The asymmetric shape of the basin, especially its gentle rise to the east, may reflect uplift associated with flat-slab subduction of the Yakutat microplate, consistent with previous work that suggested Yakutat influence on the nearby Talkeetna Mountains and western Alaska Range. Yakutat subduction may also have contributed to Neogene and later reverse slip along north-striking faults within the Susitna basin.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES02165.1","usgsCitation":"Shah, A.K., Phillips, J., Lewis, K.A., Stanley, R.G., Haeussler, P., and Potter, C.J., 2020, Three-dimensional shape and structure of the Susitna basin, south-central Alaska, from geophysical data: Geosphere, v. 16, no. 4, p. 969-990, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES02165.1.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"969","endPage":"990","ipdsId":"IP-103718","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455808,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges02165.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":380589,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"South Central Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -154.775390625,\n              57.844750992891\n            ],\n            [\n              -145.634765625,\n              57.844750992891\n            ],\n            [\n              -145.634765625,\n              62.71446210149774\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.775390625,\n              62.71446210149774\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.775390625,\n              57.844750992891\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-06-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shah, Anjana K. 0000-0002-3198-081X ashah@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3198-081X","contributorId":2297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shah","given":"Anjana","email":"ashah@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":805103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, Jeffrey 0000-0002-6459-2821 jeff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6459-2821","contributorId":127453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jeff@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":805104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lewis, Kristen A. 0000-0003-4991-3399 klewis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4991-3399","contributorId":4120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"Kristen","email":"klewis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":805105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stanley, Richard G. 0000-0001-6192-8783 rstanley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6192-8783","contributorId":1832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"Richard","email":"rstanley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":805106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":219956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter J.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":805107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Potter, Christopher J. 0000-0002-2300-6670 cpotter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2300-6670","contributorId":1026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Potter","given":"Christopher","email":"cpotter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":805108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70214522,"text":"70214522 - 2020 - Low oxygen: A (tough) way of life for Okavango fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-30T14:36:09.157583","indexId":"70214522","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-30T09:31:24","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Low oxygen: A (tough) way of life for Okavango fishes","docAbstract":"<p><span>Botswana’s Okavango Delta is a World Heritage Site and biodiverse wilderness. In 2016–2018, following arrival of the annual flood of rainwater from Angola’s highlands, and using continuous oxygen logging, we documented profound aquatic hypoxia that persisted for 3.5 to 5 months in the river channel. Within these periods, dissolved oxygen rarely exceeded 3 mg/L and dropped below 0.5 mg/L for up to two weeks at a time. Although these dissolved oxygen levels are low enough to qualify parts of the Delta as a dead zone, the region is a biodiversity hotspot, raising the question of how fish survive. In association with the hypoxia, histological samples, collected from native&nbsp;</span><i>Oreochromis andersonii</i><span>&nbsp;(threespot tilapia),&nbsp;</span><i>Coptodon rendalli</i><span>&nbsp;(redbreast tilapia), and&nbsp;</span><i>Oreochromis macrochir</i><span>&nbsp;(greenhead tilapia), exhibited widespread hepatic and splenic inflammation with marked granulocyte infiltration, melanomacrophage aggregates, and ceroid and hemosiderin accumulations. It is likely that direct tissue hypoxia and polycythemia-related iron deposition caused this pathology. We propose that Okavango cichlids respond to extended natural hypoxia by increasing erythrocyte production, but with significant health costs. Our findings highlight seasonal hypoxia as an important recurring stressor, which may limit fishery resilience in the Okavango as concurrent human impacts rise. Moreover, they illustrate how fish might respond to hypoxia elsewhere in the world, where dead zones are becoming more common.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0235667","usgsCitation":"Edwards, T.M., Mosie, I.J., Moore, B.C., Lobjoit, G., Schiavone, K., Bachman, R.E., and Murray-Hudson, M., 2020, Low oxygen: A (tough) way of life for Okavango fishes: PLoS ONE, v. 15, no. 7, e0235667, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235667.","productDescription":"e0235667, 23 p.","ipdsId":"IP-108304","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455818,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235667","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":378907,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Botswana","otherGeospatial":"Okavango Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              21.082763671875,\n              -20.184879384574092\n            ],\n            [\n              24.114990234374996,\n              -20.184879384574092\n            ],\n            [\n              24.114990234374996,\n              -18.323240460443387\n            ],\n            [\n              21.082763671875,\n              -18.323240460443387\n            ],\n            [\n              21.082763671875,\n              -20.184879384574092\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-07-30","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edwards, Thea M. 0000-0002-6176-2872","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6176-2872","contributorId":241635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Thea","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mosie, Ineelo J.","contributorId":241637,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mosie","given":"Ineelo","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":48375,"text":"Okavango Research Institute, University of Botswana, Maun, Botswana","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, Brandon C.","contributorId":241638,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moore","given":"Brandon","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":48377,"text":"University of the South, Sewanee, Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lobjoit, Guy","contributorId":241639,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lobjoit","given":"Guy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48378,"text":"Guma Lagoon Camp, Etsha 13, Botswana","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schiavone, Kelsie","contributorId":241640,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schiavone","given":"Kelsie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48377,"text":"University of the South, Sewanee, Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bachman, Robert E.","contributorId":241641,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bachman","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":48377,"text":"University of the South, Sewanee, Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Murray-Hudson, Mike","contributorId":241642,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murray-Hudson","given":"Mike","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48375,"text":"Okavango Research Institute, University of Botswana, Maun, Botswana","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70212745,"text":"70212745 - 2020 - Causes of variability in suspended‐sand concentration evaluated using measurements in the Colorado River in Grand Canyon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-27T16:52:41.907527","indexId":"70212745","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-29T11:48:32","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6470,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research, Earth Surface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Causes of variability in suspended‐sand concentration evaluated using measurements in the Colorado River in Grand Canyon","docAbstract":"<p><span>Rivers commonly exhibit substantial variability in suspended‐sand concentration, even at constant water discharge. Here we derive an approach for evaluating how much of this variability arises from mean bed‐sand grain size. We apply this approach to the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, where discharge‐independent concentration of suspended sand varies by more than a factor of 23 (</span><i>N</i><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;1.4&nbsp;×&nbsp;10</span><sup>6</sup><span>). Theory predicts that where concentration is controlled by bed‐sand grain size, concentration and grain size in suspension will be inversely correlated (i.e., coarsening of the bed causes suspended sand to become coarser in grain size and lower in concentration). Although the observed correlation is negative, riverbed grain size accounts for only 40% of the variability in concentration. The residuals vary by an order of magnitude; they arise from other processes, such as changes in topography or distribution of sand that cause shear stress to change at constant discharge, changes in the fine tail of bed‐sand grain sizes or changing bedforms. Both bed sand and the other factors influence concentration for durations from less than 1&nbsp;day to several years. Predictions of concentration based on bed‐sand grain size (</span><i>N</i><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;4&nbsp;×&nbsp;10</span><sup>4</sup><span>) are less accurate than predictions based on suspended‐sand grain size, probably because suspended sand is a natural integrator of sand‐transporting processes, giving more weight to those areas of the bed that exchange more sand with the flow. Although the causes of variability vary from one river to another, the approach illustrated here is applicable to any river in which concentration varies at constant water discharge.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2019JF005226","usgsCitation":"Rubin, D.M., Buscombe, D.D., Wright, S., Topping, D.J., Grams, P.E., Schmidt, J.C., Hazel, J., Kaplinski, M.A., and Tusso, R.B., 2020, Causes of variability in suspended‐sand concentration evaluated using measurements in the Colorado River in Grand Canyon: Journal of Geophysical Research, Earth Surface, v. 125, e2019JF005226, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JF005226.","productDescription":"e2019JF005226, 23 p.","ipdsId":"IP-107060","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":436851,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P92Y65R8","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Measurements of bed grain size on the Colorado River in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona - 2000 to 2014"},{"id":436850,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P92Y65R8","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Measurements of bed grain size on the Colorado River in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona - 2000 to 2014"},{"id":377940,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River, Grand Canyon","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.01611328125,\n              35.68853320738875\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.4068603515625,\n              35.68853320738875\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.4068603515625,\n              36.97183825093165\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.01611328125,\n              36.97183825093165\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.01611328125,\n              35.68853320738875\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"125","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-08-25","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rubin, David M.","contributorId":206587,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rubin","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":32898,"text":"U.C. Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":797396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buscombe, Daniel D. 0000-0001-6217-5584","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6217-5584","contributorId":198817,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buscombe","given":"Daniel","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":797397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wright, Scott 0000-0002-0387-5713 sawright@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0387-5713","contributorId":1536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Scott","email":"sawright@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":797398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Topping, David J. 0000-0002-2104-4577 dtopping@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2104-4577","contributorId":140985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Topping","given":"David","email":"dtopping@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":797399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Grams, Paul E. 0000-0002-0873-0708","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0873-0708","contributorId":216115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grams","given":"Paul","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":797400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schmidt, John C.","contributorId":207751,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmidt","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":37627,"text":"Department of Watershed Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":797401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hazel, J.E. Jr.","contributorId":65211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hazel","given":"J.E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":797402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kaplinski, Matthew A.","contributorId":139210,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaplinski","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12698,"text":"Northern Arizona University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":797403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Tusso, Robert B. 0000-0001-7541-3713 rtusso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7541-3713","contributorId":4079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tusso","given":"Robert","email":"rtusso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":797404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70218467,"text":"70218467 - 2020 - Nutrient removal and uptake by native planktonic and biofilm bacterial communities in an anaerobic aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-02T13:01:03.632408","indexId":"70218467","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-29T10:42:03","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1702,"text":"Frontiers in Microbiology","onlineIssn":"1664-302X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nutrient removal and uptake by native planktonic and biofilm bacterial communities in an anaerobic aquifer","docAbstract":"<p><span>Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) offers a collection of water storage and storage options that have been used by resource managers to mitigate the reduced availability of fresh water. One of these technologies is aquifer storage and recovery (ASR), where surface water is treated then recharged into a storage zone within an existing aquifer for later recovery and discharge into a body of water. During the storage phase of ASR, nutrient concentrations in the recharge water have been shown to decrease due, presumably via the uptake by the native aquifer microbial community. In this study, the native microbial community in an anaerobic carbonate aquifer zone targeted for ASR storage was segregated into planktonic and biofilm communities then challenged with NO</span><sub>3</sub><span>-N, PO</span><sub>4</sub><span>-P, and acetate as dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to determine their respective removal and uptake rates. The planktonic community removed NO</span><sub>3</sub><span>-N at a rate of 0.059 mg L</span><sup>–1</sup><span>d</span><sup>–1</sup><span>, PO</span><sub>4</sub><span>-P at 5.73 × 10</span><sup>–8</sup><span>–1.03 × 10</span><sup>–7</sup><span>&nbsp;mg L</span><sup>–1</sup><span>d</span><sup>–1</sup><span>&nbsp;and DOC at 0.015–0.244 mg L</span><sup>–1</sup><span>d</span><sup>–1</sup><span>. The biofilm community was significantly more proficient, removing NO</span><sub>3</sub><span>-N at 0.116 mg L</span><sup>–1</sup><span>d</span><sup>–1</sup><span>&nbsp;(1.6–9.0 μg m</span><sup>–2</sup><span>d</span><sup>–1</sup><span>), PO</span><sub>4</sub><span>-P at 4.20–5.91 × 10</span><sup>–5</sup><span>&nbsp;mg L</span><sup>–1</sup><span>d</span><sup>–1</sup><span>&nbsp;(2.47–9.88 ng m</span><sup>–2</sup><span>d</span><sup>–1</sup><span>) and DOC at 0.301–0.696 mg L</span><sup>–1</sup><span>d</span><sup>–1</sup><span>&nbsp;(29.0–71.0 μg m</span><sup>–2</sup><span>d</span><sup>–1</sup><span>). Additionally, the PO</span><sub>4</sub><span>-P sorption rate onto the carbonate aquifer matrix ranged from 1.64 × 10</span><sup>–7</sup><span>&nbsp;to 9.25 × 10</span><sup>–7</sup><span>&nbsp;mg PO</span><sub>4</sub><span>-P m</span><sup>–2</sup><span>&nbsp;day</span><sup>–1</sup><span>. These rates were applied to field data collected at an ASR facility in central Florida and from the same aquifer storage zone from which the biofilm communities were grown. With only 10% of the available surface area within the storage zone being colonized by biofilms, typical concentrations of NO</span><sub>3</sub><span>-N, PO4-P, and DOC in the recharged filtered surface waters would be reduced to below detection limits, and by 81.4 and 91.1%, respectively, during a 150 days storage period.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers Media","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2020.01765","usgsCitation":"Lisle, J.T., 2020, Nutrient removal and uptake by native planktonic and biofilm bacterial communities in an anaerobic aquifer: Frontiers in Microbiology, v. 11, 1765, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.01765.","productDescription":"1765, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-111177","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455831,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.01765","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436853,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9EOM5RC","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Microbial Nutrient Cycling in the Upper Floridan Aquifer"},{"id":436852,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9EOM5RC","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Microbial Nutrient Cycling in the Upper Floridan Aquifer"},{"id":383695,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Kissimmee River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.87735652923584,\n              27.15044802232913\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.86731433868408,\n              27.15044802232913\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.86731433868408,\n              27.15772232531679\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.87735652923584,\n              27.15772232531679\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.87735652923584,\n              27.15044802232913\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-07-29","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lisle, John T. 0000-0002-5447-2092 jlisle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5447-2092","contributorId":2944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lisle","given":"John","email":"jlisle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":811085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70216060,"text":"70216060 - 2020 - Recording the aurora borealis (northern lights) at seismometers across Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-04T16:13:15.81959","indexId":"70216060","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-29T07:05:43","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7344,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recording the aurora borealis (northern lights) at seismometers across Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>We examine three continuously recording data sets related to the aurora: all‐sky camera images, three‐component magnetometer data, and vertical‐component, broadband seismic data as part of the EarthScope project (2014 to present). Across Alaska there are six all‐sky cameras, 13 magnetometers, and&nbsp;</span><span class=\"inline-formula no-formula-id\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mo xmlns=&quot;&quot; form=&quot;prefix&quot;>&amp;gt;</mo><mn xmlns=&quot;&quot;>200</mn></math>\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-1\" class=\"math\"><span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-2\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-3\" class=\"mo\">&gt;</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-4\" class=\"mn\">200</span></span></span></span><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">&gt;200</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;seismometers. The all‐sky images and magnetometers have the same objective, which is to monitor space weather and improve our understanding of auroral activity, including the influence on magnetic fields in the ground. These variations in the magnetic field are also visible on seismometers, to the extent that during an auroral event, the long‐period (40–800&nbsp;s) waves recorded by a seismometer are magnetic field variations, not true ground motion. Although this is a problem—one that can be rectified with magnetic shielding at each seismometer site—it is also an opportunity because the present seismic array in Alaska is much broader than the coverage by magnetometers and all‐sky cameras. Here we focus on three aurora events and document a direct link between aurora images in the night sky and seismometer recordings on ground. Simultaneous recordings by magnetometers provide a critical link between the sky images and the seismometer recordings. We document qualitative correlations among sky, magnetic, and seismic data. The findings suggest that the signature of auroral activity is widespread across seismometers in Alaska, implying that the seismic array could be used to enhance the spatial resolution of the existing network of all‐sky cameras and magnetometers. Future efforts to improve the multisensor seismic stations in Alaska, for the purpose of monitoring seismic and auroral activity, should consider installation of all‐sky cameras, installation of magnetometers, and magnetic shielding of seismic sensors.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0220200161","usgsCitation":"Tape, C., Ringler, A.T., and Hampton, D., 2020, Recording the aurora borealis (northern lights) at seismometers across Alaska: Seismological Research Letters, v. 91, no. 6, p. 3039-3053, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220200161.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"3039","endPage":"3053","ipdsId":"IP-119361","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":380117,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":70228377,"text":"70228377 - 2020 - Complex patterns of genetic and morphological differentiation in the Smallmouth Bass subspecies (Micropterus dolomieu dolomieu and M. d. velox) of the Central Interior Highlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-09T16:41:59.820113","indexId":"70228377","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-28T10:31:30","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1324,"text":"Conservation Genetics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Complex patterns of genetic and morphological differentiation in the Smallmouth Bass subspecies (<i>Micropterus dolomieu dolomieu and M. d. velox</i>) of the Central Interior Highlands","title":"Complex patterns of genetic and morphological differentiation in the Smallmouth Bass subspecies (Micropterus dolomieu dolomieu and M. d. velox) of the Central Interior Highlands","docAbstract":"<p>Due to geologic processes and recent anthropogenic introductions, patterns of genetic and morphological diversity within the Smallmouth Bass (<i>Micropterus dolomieu</i>), which are endemic to the central and eastern United States (USA), are poorly understood. We assessed genetic and morphological differentiation between the widespread Northern Smallmouth Bass (<i>M. d. dolomieu</i>) and the more restricted Neosho Smallmouth Bass (<i>M. d. velox</i>) where their ranges meet in the Central Interior Highlands ecoregion (CIH). Data from 14 microsatellite loci were used to conduct S<span class=\"u-small-caps\">TRUCTURE</span><span>&nbsp;</span>and principal components analyses to evaluate diversity across populations and screen for hybridization with sympatric Spotted Bass (<i>M. punctulatus</i>). We also tested for morphological differences using five morphometric traits and one meristic trait. We found support for three genetic clusters corresponding to previously described taxonomic variation; five clusters largely corresponding to river systems; and nine clusters representing hierarchical population structure within both ranges. We found evidence of a unique genetic cluster in tributaries of the White River within the Northern Smallmouth Bass range and admixture between the subspecies throughout the Neosho range. We also found evidence of morphological differentiation between subspecies; Neosho Smallmouth Bass exhibited larger head length than Northern Smallmouth Bass relative to total length, and there was a significant interaction of subspecies and orbital length, possibly indicating differential growth patterns between subspecies. Our results reveal multiple levels of divergence, suggesting the CIH harbors greater and more complex Smallmouth Bass diversity than previously thought.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10592-020-01295-1","usgsCitation":"Gunn, J.C., Berkman, L.K., Koppelman, J.K., Taylor, A.T., Brewer, S.K., Long, J.M., and Eggert, L.S., 2020, Complex patterns of genetic and morphological differentiation in the Smallmouth Bass subspecies (Micropterus dolomieu dolomieu and M. d. velox) of the Central Interior Highlands: Conservation Genetics, v. 21, p. 891-904, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-020-01295-1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"891","endPage":"904","ipdsId":"IP-111223","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395679,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Illinois, Kansas, Mississippi, Missouri, Oklahoma, Tennessee","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -98.7890625,\n              33.99802726234877\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.41796875,\n              33.99802726234877\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.41796875,\n              39.80853604144591\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.7890625,\n              39.80853604144591\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.7890625,\n              33.99802726234877\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-07-28","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gunn, Joe C.","contributorId":275348,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gunn","given":"Joe","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6754,"text":"University of Missouri","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berkman, Leah K.","contributorId":275349,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Berkman","given":"Leah","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":16971,"text":"Missouri Department of Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koppelman, Jeff K.","contributorId":275350,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koppelman","given":"Jeff","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":16971,"text":"Missouri Department of Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Taylor, A. T.","contributorId":275351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":7249,"text":"Oklahoma State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brewer, Shannon K. 0000-0002-1537-3921 skbrewer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1537-3921","contributorId":2252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brewer","given":"Shannon","email":"skbrewer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":834028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Long, James M. 0000-0002-8658-9949 jmlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8658-9949","contributorId":3453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"James","email":"jmlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":834029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Eggert, Lori S.","contributorId":106325,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eggert","given":"Lori","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":13259,"text":"USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70211698,"text":"70211698 - 2020 - Evidence for a diagenetic origin of Vera Rubin Ridge, Gale Crater, Mars: Summary and synthesis of Curiosity's exploration campaign","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-29T21:26:52.703468","indexId":"70211698","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-27T08:58:48","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5718,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets","onlineIssn":"2169-9100","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for a diagenetic origin of Vera Rubin Ridge, Gale Crater, Mars: Summary and synthesis of Curiosity's exploration campaign","docAbstract":"<p><span>This paper provides an overview of the&nbsp;</span><i>Curiosity</i><span>&nbsp;rover's exploration at Vera Rubin ridge (VRR) and summarizes the science results. VRR is a distinct geomorphic feature on lower Aeolis Mons (informally known as Mount Sharp) that was identified in orbital data based on its distinct texture, topographic expression, and association with a hematite spectral signature.&nbsp;</span><i>Curiosity</i><span>&nbsp;conducted extensive remote sensing observations, acquired data on dozens of contact science targets, and drilled three outcrop samples from the ridge, as well as one outcrop sample immediately below the ridge. Our observations indicate that strata composing VRR were deposited in a predominantly lacustrine setting and are part of the Murray formation. The rocks within the ridge are chemically in family with underlying Murray formation strata. Red hematite is dispersed throughout much of the VRR bedrock, and this is the source of the orbital spectral detection. Gray hematite is also present in isolated, gray‐colored patches concentrated toward the upper elevations of VRR, and these gray patches also contain small, dark Fe‐rich nodules. We propose that VRR formed when diagenetic event(s) preferentially hardened rocks, which were subsequently eroded into a ridge by wind. Diagenesis also led to enhanced crystallization and/or cementation that deepened the ferric‐related spectral absorptions on the ridge, which helped make them readily distinguishable from orbit. Results add to existing evidence of protracted aqueous environments at Gale crater and give new insight into how diagenesis shaped Mars' rock record.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2020JE006527","usgsCitation":"Fraeman, A.A., Edgar, L.A., Rampe, E.B., Thompson, L.M., Frydenvang, J., Fedo, C.M., Catalano, J.G., Dietrich, W.E., Gabriel, T.S., Grotzinger, J.P., L’Haridon, J., Mangold, N., Sun, V.Z., House, C.H., Bryk, A., Hardgrove, C., Czarnecki, S., Stack, K.M., Morris, R., Arvidson, R.E., Banham, S.G., Bennett, K.A., Bridges, J.C., Edwards, C., Fischer, W.W., Fox, V.K., Gupta, S., Horgan, B., Jacob, S.R., Johnson, J.R., Johnson, S.S., Rubin, D.R., Salvatore, M.R., Schwenzer, S.P., Siebach, K.L., Stein, N.T., Turner, S., Wellington, D., Wiens, R.C., Williams, A.J., Davidson, G., and Wong, G.M., 2020, Evidence for a diagenetic origin of Vera Rubin Ridge, Gale Crater, Mars: Summary and synthesis of Curiosity's exploration campaign: Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, v. 125, no. 12, e2020JE006527, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JE006527.","productDescription":"e2020JE006527, 34 p.","ipdsId":"IP-114159","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455867,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2020je006527","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":377172,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"125","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-12-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fraeman, Abigail A.","contributorId":200404,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fraeman","given":"Abigail","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":795113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edgar, Lauren A. 0000-0001-7512-7813 ledgar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7512-7813","contributorId":167501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edgar","given":"Lauren","email":"ledgar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":795114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rampe, Elizabeth B.","contributorId":229501,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rampe","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":27209,"text":"NASA Johnson Space Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":795115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thompson, Lucy M.","contributorId":237061,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thompson","given":"Lucy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":18889,"text":"University of New Brunswick","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":795116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Frydenvang, Jens","contributorId":173225,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Frydenvang","given":"Jens","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27196,"text":"LANL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":795117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fedo, Christopher M.","contributorId":229497,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fedo","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12716,"text":"University of Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":795118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Catalano, Jeff G.","contributorId":237062,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Catalano","given":"Jeff","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":35028,"text":"Washington University in St. Louis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":795119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dietrich, William E.","contributorId":195599,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dietrich","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":795120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Gabriel, Travis S. 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,{"id":70214087,"text":"70214087 - 2020 - Large-scale erosion driven by intertidal eelgrass loss in an estuarine environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-22T15:32:24.395834","indexId":"70214087","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-26T10:25:48","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Large-scale erosion driven by intertidal eelgrass loss in an estuarine environment","docAbstract":"<p><span>Seagrasses influence local hydrodynamics by inducing drag on the flow and dampening near-bed velocities and wave energy. When seagrasses are lost, near-bed currents and wave energy can increase, which enhances bottom shear stresses, destabilizes sediment, and promotes suspension and erosion. Though seagrasses are being lost rapidly globally, the magnitude of change in sediment stabilization following ecosystem-wide eelgrass loss has rarely been measured. In this study, we explored the geomorphological changes associated with an unprecedented estuary-wide collapse of a seagrass (eelgrass,&nbsp;</span><i>Zostera marina</i><span>) in Morro Bay, CA, USA. Morro Bay has historically suffered from accelerated sedimentation and accretion. However, following massive eelgrass loss since 2010, over 90% of locations that previously had eelgrass experienced erosion. Elevation losses (erosion) reached 0.50&nbsp;m in some places (mean loss of 0.10&nbsp;m) with as much as a 50% decrease (median decrease of 13.6%) in elevation (i.e., increase in depth) compared to pre-decline levels. In comparison, the mouth of the estuary, where eelgrass was largely retained, had only 27.7% of the locations with prior eelgrass experiencing erosion and underwent a mean elevation increase (accretion) of 0.32&nbsp;m. Thus, the loss of eelgrass appears to have altered dynamics at the seabed and transitioned large regions of the estuary from an environment that promotes deposition and accretion to one that promotes suspension and erosion. Large-scale erosion following seagrass loss may be predictive of future shoreline and coastal habitat changes and is likely to be exacerbated by increased storm surge and sea level rise expected with climate change.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2020.106910","usgsCitation":"Walter, R.K., O’Leary, J.K., Vitousek, S., Taherkhani, M., Geraghty, C., and Kitajima, A., 2020, Large-scale erosion driven by intertidal eelgrass loss in an estuarine environment: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 243, 106910, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2020.106910.","productDescription":"106910, 7 p.","ipdsId":"IP-120131","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455874,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2020.106910","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":378671,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Morro Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.87329864501952,\n              35.306160014550784\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.81287384033205,\n              35.306160014550784\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.81287384033205,\n              35.38121266833199\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.87329864501952,\n              35.38121266833199\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.87329864501952,\n              35.306160014550784\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"243","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walter, Ryan K.","contributorId":241045,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walter","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":16725,"text":"California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Leary, Jenifer K.","contributorId":241046,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Leary","given":"Jenifer","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":48194,"text":"California Sea Grant, San Luis Obispo; Wildlife Conservation Society","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vitousek, Sean 0000-0002-3369-4673 svitousek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3369-4673","contributorId":149065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vitousek","given":"Sean","email":"svitousek@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Taherkhani, Mohsen","contributorId":223951,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taherkhani","given":"Mohsen","affiliations":[{"id":18137,"text":"University of Illinois at Chicago","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Geraghty, Carolyn","contributorId":241048,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Geraghty","given":"Carolyn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48196,"text":"Morro Bay National Estuary Program","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kitajima, Ann","contributorId":241049,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kitajima","given":"Ann","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48196,"text":"Morro Bay National Estuary Program","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70211269,"text":"ofr20201081 - 2020 - Establishing Forster’s Tern (<i>Sterna forsteri</i>) nesting sites at pond A16 using social attraction for the South Bay Salt Pond restoration project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-23T14:27:33.007586","indexId":"ofr20201081","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-22T09:43:55","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2020-1081","displayTitle":"Establishing Forster’s Tern (<i>Sterna forsteri</i>) Nesting Sites at Pond A16 Using Social Attraction for the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project","title":"Establishing Forster’s Tern (<i>Sterna forsteri</i>) nesting sites at pond A16 using social attraction for the South Bay Salt Pond restoration project","docAbstract":"<p>Forster’s terns (<i>Sterna forsteri</i>), historically one of the most numerous colonial-breeding waterbirds in South San Francisco Bay, California, have experienced recent decreases in the number of nesting colonies and overall breeding population size. The South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project aims to restore 50–90 percent of former salt evaporation ponds to tidal marsh habitat in South San Francisco Bay. During phase 1 of the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project, the breaching of several pond levees to begin the process of tidal marsh restoration inundated island nesting habitat that had been used by Forster’s terns, American avocets (<i>Recurvirostra americana</i>), and other waterbirds. Additional nesting habitat could be lost as more managed ponds are converted to tidal marsh in the future. To address this issue, the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project organized the construction of new nesting islands in managed ponds that will not be restored to tidal marsh, thereby providing enduring island nesting habitat for waterbirds. In 2012, 16 new islands were constructed in Pond A16 in the Alviso complex of the Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge, which increased the number of islands in this pond from 4 to 20. However, despite a long history of nesting on the four islands in Pond A16 before the 2012 construction activities, no Forster’s terns have nested in Pond A16 during the 7-year period (2012–18) after island construction.</p><p>During the 2017 and 2019 breeding seasons, we used social attraction measures (decoys and colony call playback systems) to attract Forster’s terns to islands within Pond A16 to re-establish nesting colonies. We maintained these systems from March through August in each year. To evaluate the effect of these social attraction measures, we completed surveys (between April and August) where we recorded the number and location of all Forster’s terns and other waterbirds using Pond A16, and we monitored waterbird nests. We compared bird survey and nest monitoring data collected in 2017 and 2019 to data collected in 2015 and 2016, prior to the implementation of social attraction measures, allowing for direct evaluation of the effect of social attraction efforts on Forster’s terns.</p><p>To increase the visibility and stakeholder involvement of this project, we engaged in multiple outreach activities in 2017, 2019, and 2020, including the development of a project website and educational video; publication of popular articles in 2017 and 2020; the development of outreach materials describing the project to the general public; and public presentations to relay findings to managers, stakeholders, and the general public.</p><p>The relative abundance of Forster’s terns in Pond A16, after adjusting for the overall South San Francisco Bay breeding population each year, was higher during the nesting period in 2017 and 2019 (when social attraction was used) than in 2015 and 2016 (before social attraction was used). Furthermore, more Forster’s terns were observed during the pre-nesting and nesting periods in the areas of Pond A16 where decoys and call systems were deployed. Although no Forster’s tern nests were observed in Pond A16 before social attraction was implemented (2015, 2016), or during the first-year social attraction was implemented (2017), 35 Forster’s tern nests were recorded during the second year of social attraction implementation in 2019. These 35 nests represent a re-establishment of a Forster’s tern nesting colony to Pond A16 for the first time in 8 years. As social attraction efforts often benefit from multiple years of decoy and call system deployment, results from 2017 and 2019 suggest that continued implementation of social attraction measures could help to ensure Forster’s tern breeding colonies persist in Pond A16 and other areas of South San Francisco Bay.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20201081","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the San Francisco Bay Bird Observatory","usgsCitation":"Hartman, C.A., Ackerman, J.T., Herzog, M.P., Wang, Y., and Strong, C., 2020, Establishing Forster’s Tern (Sterna forsteri) nesting sites at pond A16 using social attraction for the South Bay Salt Pond restoration project: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2020–1081, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20201081.","productDescription":"vii, 28 p.","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-118152","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":376595,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1081/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":376596,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1081/ofr20201081.pdf","text":"Report","size":"17 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"South San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.28057861328124,\n              37.40452830389465\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.90155029296875,\n              37.40452830389465\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.90155029296875,\n              37.55709809310769\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.28057861328124,\n              37.55709809310769\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.28057861328124,\n              37.40452830389465\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/werc/connect\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/werc/connect\">Director</a>,<br><a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/werc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/werc\">Western Ecological Research Center</a><br><a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/\">U.S. Geological Survey</a><br>3020 State University Drive East<br>Sacramento, California 95819</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Acknowledgments</li><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Methods</li><li>Results and Discussion</li><li>Conclusions</li><li>References Cited</li><li>Appendix 1. Project link on the Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge website</li><li>Appendix 2. Outreach poster displayed along the Pond A16 walking trail with a description of the projec</li><li>Appendix 3. Outreach poster displayed at the Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge Environmental Education Center with a description of the project</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"publishedDate":"2020-07-22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-07-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hartman, C. Alex 0000-0002-7222-1633 chartman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7222-1633","contributorId":131157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartman","given":"C.","email":"chartman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Alex","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":793480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ackerman, Joshua T. 0000-0002-3074-8322","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3074-8322","contributorId":202848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Joshua","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":793481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Herzog, Mark P. 0000-0002-5203-2835 mherzog@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5203-2835","contributorId":131158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herzog","given":"Mark","email":"mherzog@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":793482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wang, Yiwei","contributorId":203687,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Yiwei","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17738,"text":"San Francisco Bay Bird Observatory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":793472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Strong, Cheryl","contributorId":149428,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Strong","given":"Cheryl","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6927,"text":"USFWS, National Wildlife Refuge System","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":793473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70228496,"text":"70228496 - 2020 - Decision analysis for greater insights into the development and evaluation of Chinook salmon restoration strategies in California’s Central Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-11T19:20:22.507864","indexId":"70228496","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-20T13:12:57","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Decision analysis for greater insights into the development and evaluation of Chinook salmon restoration strategies in California’s Central Valley","docAbstract":"Considerable amounts of resources have been invested in ecological restoration projects across the globe to restore ecosystem integrity. Restoration strategies are often diverse and have been met with mixed success. In this paper, we describe the Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) decision-support models developed by the Central Valley Project Improvement Act Science Integration Team as part of a larger structured decision making effort aimed at maximizing natural adult production of Chinook salmon in California’s Central Valley, USA. We then describe the decision analytic tools the stakeholder group used to solve the models and explore model results, including stochastic dynamic programming, forward simulation, proportional scoring, relative loss, expected value of perfect information, response profile analyses, and indifference curves. Using these tools, the stakeholder group was able to develop and evaluate restoration strategies for multiple Chinook salmon runs simultaneously, a first for the restoration program. We found that actions targeted at one run were detrimental to others, which was unexpected. Furthermore, information uncovered during this process was used to direct efforts towards targeted research/monitoring to reduce critical uncertainties in salmon demographic rates and make better restoration decisions moving forward. The decision sciences have established a wide range of analytical tools and approaches to simplify complex problems into key components, and we believe the concepts described in this paper are of great interest and can be applied by many restoration practitioners that undoubtedly face similar difficulties when implementing restoration strategies for complex systems.","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Ecological Restoration","doi":"10.1111/rec.13244","usgsCitation":"Peterson, J., and Duarte, A., 2020, Decision analysis for greater insights into the development and evaluation of Chinook salmon restoration strategies in California’s Central Valley: Restoration Ecology, v. 28, no. 6, p. 1596-1609, https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13244.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1596","endPage":"1609","ipdsId":"IP-117068","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455941,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13244","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":395858,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.629150390625,\n              37.23470197166817\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.0643310546875,\n              37.23470197166817\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.0643310546875,\n              39.11727568585598\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.629150390625,\n              39.11727568585598\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.629150390625,\n              37.23470197166817\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-10-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, James T. 0000-0002-7709-8590 james_peterson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-8590","contributorId":2111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"James","email":"james_peterson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":834448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duarte, Adam","contributorId":275974,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duarte","given":"Adam","affiliations":[{"id":25426,"text":"OSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70211016,"text":"70211016 - 2020 - An updated genetic marker for detection of Lake Sinai Virus and metagenetic applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-17T16:11:40.285032","indexId":"70211016","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-17T10:52:10","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3840,"text":"PeerJ","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An updated genetic marker for detection of Lake Sinai Virus and metagenetic applications","docAbstract":"<h2 class=\"heading\">Background</h2><p>Lake Sinai Viruses (LSV) are common RNA viruses of honey bees (<i>Apis mellifera</i>) that frequently reach high abundance but are not linked to overt disease. LSVs are genetically heterogeneous and collectively widespread, but despite frequent detection in surveys, the ecological and geographic factors structuring their distribution in<span>&nbsp;</span><i>A. mellifera</i><span>&nbsp;</span>are not understood. Even less is known about their distribution in other species. Better understanding of LSV prevalence and ecology have been hampered by high sequence diversity within the LSV clade.</p><h2 class=\"heading\">Methods</h2><p>Here we report a new polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay that is compatible with currently known lineages with minimal primer degeneracy, producing an expected 365 bp amplicon suitable for end-point PCR and metagenetic sequencing. Using the Illumina MiSeq platform, we performed pilot metagenetic assessments of three sample sets, each representing a distinct variable that might structure LSV diversity (geography, tissue, and species).</p><h2 class=\"heading\">Results</h2><p>The first sample set in our pilot assessment compared cDNA pools from managed<span>&nbsp;</span><i>A. mellifera</i><span>&nbsp;</span>hives in California (<i>n</i>&nbsp;=&nbsp;8) and Maryland (<i>n</i>&nbsp;=&nbsp;6) that had previously been evaluated for LSV2, confirming that the primers co-amplify divergent lineages in real-world samples. The second sample set included cDNA pools derived from different tissues (thorax vs. abdomen,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>n</i>&nbsp;=&nbsp;24 paired samples), collected from managed<span>&nbsp;</span><i>A. mellifera</i><span>&nbsp;</span>hives in North Dakota. End-point detection of LSV frequently differed between the two tissue types; LSV metagenetic composition was similar in one pair of sequenced samples but divergent in a second pair. Overall, LSV1 and intermediate lineages were common in these samples whereas variants clustering with LSV2 were rare. The third sample set included cDNA from individual pollinator specimens collected from diverse landscapes in the vicinity of Lincoln, Nebraska. We detected LSV in the bee<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Halictus ligatus</i><span>&nbsp;</span>(four of 63 specimens tested, 6.3%) at a similar rate as<span>&nbsp;</span><i>A. mellifera</i><span>&nbsp;</span>(nine of 115 specimens, 7.8%), but only one<span>&nbsp;</span><i>H. ligatus</i><span>&nbsp;</span>sequencing library yielded sufficient data for compositional analysis. Sequenced samples often contained multiple divergent LSV lineages, including individual specimens. While these studies were exploratory rather than statistically powerful tests of hypotheses, they illustrate the utility of high-throughput sequencing for understanding LSV transmission within and among species.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"PeerJ","doi":"10.7717/peerj.9424","usgsCitation":"Iwanowicz, D.D., Wu-Smart, J.Y., Olgun, T., Smart, A.H., Otto, C., Lopez, D., Evans, J.D., and Cornman, R.S., 2020, An updated genetic marker for detection of Lake Sinai Virus and metagenetic applications: PeerJ, v. 8, e9424, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9424.","productDescription":"e9424, 18 p.","ipdsId":"IP-117458","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455972,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9424","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436871,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9O9ZMA1","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Genetic detection of Lake Sinai Virus in honey bees (Apis mellifera) and other insects"},{"id":436870,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9O9ZMA1","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Genetic detection of Lake Sinai Virus in honey bees (Apis mellifera) and other insects"},{"id":376462,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Maryland, Nebraska","county":"San Joaquin County","city":"Beltsville, Lincoln","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.6241455078125,\n              37.22595454983972\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.30578613281251,\n              37.22595454983972\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.30578613281251,\n              38.10430528370985\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.6241455078125,\n              38.10430528370985\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.6241455078125,\n              37.22595454983972\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -97.3663330078125,\n              40.41767833585549\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.26220703125,\n              40.41767833585549\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.26220703125,\n              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]\n}","volume":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-07-17","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iwanowicz, Deborah D. 0000-0002-9613-8594 diwanowicz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9613-8594","contributorId":2253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwanowicz","given":"Deborah","email":"diwanowicz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wu-Smart, Judy Y.","contributorId":228876,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wu-Smart","given":"Judy","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":16610,"text":"University of Nebraska-Lincoln","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":792438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Olgun, Tugce","contributorId":228877,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olgun","given":"Tugce","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16610,"text":"University of Nebraska-Lincoln","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":792439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smart, Autumn H. 0000-0003-0711-3035","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0711-3035","contributorId":228828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smart","given":"Autumn","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Otto, Clint 0000-0002-7582-3525 cotto@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7582-3525","contributorId":5426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otto","given":"Clint","email":"cotto@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lopez, Dawn","contributorId":228879,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lopez","given":"Dawn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36589,"text":"USDA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":792442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Evans, Jay D.","contributorId":168966,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evans","given":"Jay","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":792443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Cornman, Robert S. 0000-0001-9511-2192 rcornman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9511-2192","contributorId":5356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cornman","given":"Robert","email":"rcornman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70211227,"text":"70211227 - 2020 - A 36-year record of rock avalanches in the Saint Elias Mountains of Alaska, with implications for future hazards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-21T14:41:50.547495","indexId":"70211227","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-16T15:45:58","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5232,"text":"Frontiers in Earth Science","onlineIssn":"2296-6463","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A 36-year record of rock avalanches in the Saint Elias Mountains of Alaska, with implications for future hazards","docAbstract":"Glacial retreat and mountain-permafrost degradation resulting from rising global temperatures have the potential to impact the frequency and magnitude of landslides in glaciated environments. Several recent events, including the 2015 Taan Fiord rock avalanche, which triggered a tsunami with one of the highest wave runups ever recorded, have called attention to the hazards posed by landslides in regions like southern Alaska. In the Saint Elias Mountains, the presence of weak sedimentary and metamorphic rocks and active uplift resulting from the collision of the Yakutat and North American tectonic plates create landslide-prone conditions. To differentiate between the typical frequency of landsliding resulting from the geologic and tectonic setting of this region, and landslide processes that may be accelerated due to changes in climate, we used Landsat imagery to create an inventory of rock avalanches in a 3700 km2 area of the Saint Elias Mountains. During the period from 1984-2019, we identified 220 rock avalanches with a mean recurrence interval of 60 days. We compared our landslide inventory with a catalog of M ≥ 4 earthquakes to identify potential coseismic events, but only found three possible earthquake-triggered rock avalanches. We observed a distinct temporal cluster of 41 rock avalanches from 2013 through 2016 that correlated with above average air temperatures (including the three warmest years on record in Alaska, 2014-2016); this cluster was similar to a temporal cluster of recent rock avalanches in nearby Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve. The majority of rock avalanches initiated from bedrock ridges in probable permafrost zones, suggesting that ice loss due to permafrost degradation, as opposed to glacial thinning, could be a dominant factor contributing to rock-slope failures in the high elevation areas of the Saint Elias Mountains. Although earthquake-triggered landslides have episodically occurred in southern Alaska, evidence from our study suggests that area-normalized rates of non-coseismic rock avalanches were greater during the period from 1964 to 2019, and that the frequency of these events will continue to increase as the climate continues to warm. These findings highlight the need for hazard assessments in Alaska that address changes in landslide patterns related to climate change.","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers","doi":"10.3389/feart.2020.00293","usgsCitation":"Bessette-Kirton, E., and Coe, J.A., 2020, A 36-year record of rock avalanches in the Saint Elias Mountains of Alaska, with implications for future hazards: Frontiers in Earth Science, v. 8, 293, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.00293.","productDescription":"293, 24 p.","ipdsId":"IP-119681","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":455984,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.00293","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":376528,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Saint Elias Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -146.085205078125,\n              59.712097173322924\n            ],\n            [\n              -139.822998046875,\n              59.712097173322924\n            ],\n            [\n              -139.822998046875,\n              63.342272727869\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.085205078125,\n              63.342272727869\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.085205078125,\n              59.712097173322924\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-07-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bessette-Kirton, Erin K. 0000-0002-2797-0694","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2797-0694","contributorId":225097,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bessette-Kirton","given":"Erin K.","affiliations":[{"id":13252,"text":"University of Utah","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":793277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coe, Jeffrey A. 0000-0002-0842-9608 jcoe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0842-9608","contributorId":1333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coe","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jcoe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":793278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70222940,"text":"70222940 - 2020 - Oregon spotted frog (Rana pretiosa) migration from an aquatic overwintering site: Timing, duration, and potential environmental cues","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-10T14:14:38.262997","indexId":"70222940","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-16T09:00:57","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5153,"text":"The American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Oregon spotted frog (<i>Rana pretiosa</i>) migration from an aquatic overwintering site: Timing, duration, and potential environmental cues","title":"Oregon spotted frog (Rana pretiosa) migration from an aquatic overwintering site: Timing, duration, and potential environmental cues","docAbstract":"<p><span>Relatively few North American anurans overwinter in water and information is sparse on their movement from overwintering habitat to breeding sites. Oregon spotted frogs (</span><i>Rana pretiosa</i><span>) breed explosively in early spring and often overwinter submerged at sites that are distanced from breeding habitats. In montane parts of their range, wintering and breeding habitats can remain frozen for months. We investigated timing, duration, and potential cues for&nbsp;</span><i>R. pretiosa</i><span>&nbsp;migrations from a wintering lake near the Cascade Mountains in central Oregon, U.S.A. First and median migrant males moved slightly earlier than females. Onset of migration was as early as February 12 (males) and as late as April 4 (females) in years of mild and extended winters, respectively. Frogs were active at water temperatures below those associated with early breeding activities in one lowland&nbsp;</span><i>R. pretiosa</i><span>&nbsp;population. Higher proportions of frogs migrated before ice-out in years of prolonged winter conditions. Migrations were temporally compressed in years of later movement. This migration ‘rush’, along with the ability to move at cold temperatures and to vary timing of migrations likely helps montane&nbsp;</span><i>R. pretiosa</i><span>&nbsp;deal with colder and more variable spring conditions than lowland populations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Notre Dame","doi":"10.1637/0003-0031-184.1.87","usgsCitation":"Bowerman, J., and Pearl, C., 2020, Oregon spotted frog (Rana pretiosa) migration from an aquatic overwintering site: Timing, duration, and potential environmental cues: The American Midland Naturalist, v. 184, no. 1, p. 87-97, https://doi.org/10.1637/0003-0031-184.1.87.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"87","endPage":"97","ipdsId":"IP-114580","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":387810,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":387809,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://bioone.org/journals/the-american-midland-naturalist/volume-184/issue-1/0003-0031-184.1.87/Oregon-Spotted-Frog-Rana-pretiosa-Migration-from-an-Aquatic-Overwintering/10.1637/0003-0031-184.1.87.full"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","county":"Deschutes County","otherGeospatial":"Lake Aspen","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.44827842712402,\n              43.882892462492705\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.44312858581543,\n              43.882892462492705\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.44312858581543,\n              43.886758784865066\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.44827842712402,\n              43.886758784865066\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.44827842712402,\n              43.882892462492705\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"184","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowerman, Jay","contributorId":57024,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowerman","given":"Jay","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":820874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pearl, Christopher 0000-0003-2943-7321 christopher_pearl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2943-7321","contributorId":172669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearl","given":"Christopher","email":"christopher_pearl@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":820875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70247977,"text":"70247977 - 2020 - Kinematics of fault slip associated with the July 4-6 2019 Ridgecrest, Californai earthquakes sequence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-30T11:54:27.06699","indexId":"70247977","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-16T06:50:08","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Kinematics of fault slip associated with the July 4-6 2019 Ridgecrest, Californai earthquakes sequence","docAbstract":"<p>The 2019 Ridgecrest, California, earthquake sequence produced observable crustal deformation over much of central and southern California, as well as surface rupture over several tens of kilometers. To obtain a detailed picture of the fault slip involved in the 4 July<span>&nbsp;</span><strong>M</strong>&nbsp;6.4 foreshock and 6 July<span>&nbsp;</span><strong>M</strong>&nbsp;7.1 mainshock, we combine strong‐motion seismic waveforms with crustal deformation observations to obtain kinematic and static slip models of both events. We sample the regional seismic wavefield for both the foreshock and mainshock with three‐component records from 31 stations of the California Integrated Seismic Network. The deformation observations include Global Positioning System (GPS), Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR), and borehole strainmeter recordings of the dynamic strain field. These data collectively constrain the kinematic coseismic slip distributions of the events, with measurements variously observing coseismic slip from one event (e.g., seismic waveforms, kinematic solutions from continuous GPS, and strainmeter time series) or coseismic slip from both events combined (InSAR). We find that the foreshock ruptured two separate faults, one with left‐lateral strike slip on a northeast–southwest‐trending fault and the other with right‐lateral strike slip on an orthogonal fault, with unilateral rupture propagation along both. The mainshock ruptured a series of northwest–southeast‐trending faults with right‐lateral strike slip concentrated in the uppermost 6&nbsp;km with exceptionally low‐rupture velocity averaging<span>&nbsp;</span><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mn xmlns=&quot;&quot;>1.0</mn><mo xmlns=&quot;&quot;>&amp;#x2013;</mo><mn xmlns=&quot;&quot;>1.5</mn><mtext xmlns=&quot;&quot;>&amp;#x2009;&amp;#x2009;</mtext><mi xmlns=&quot;&quot;>km</mi><mo xmlns=&quot;&quot;>/</mo><mi xmlns=&quot;&quot; mathvariant=&quot;normal&quot;>s</mi></math>\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-1\" class=\"math\"></span></span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120200018","usgsCitation":"Pollitz, F., Murray, J.R., Svarc, J.L., Wicks, C., Roeloffs, E., Minson, S.E., Scharer, K., Kendrick, K.J., Hudnut, K.W., Nevitt, J., Brooks, B.A., and Mencin, D., 2020, Kinematics of fault slip associated with the July 4-6 2019 Ridgecrest, Californai earthquakes sequence: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 110, no. 4, p. 1688-1700, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120200018.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1688","endPage":"1700","ipdsId":"IP-114690","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":420299,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Ridgecrest","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.21115229038865,\n              36.06426271389891\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.21115229038865,\n              35.30610398458818\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.22280681153094,\n              35.30610398458818\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.22280681153094,\n              36.06426271389891\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.21115229038865,\n              36.06426271389891\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"110","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-06-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pollitz, Frederick 0000-0002-4060-2706 fpollitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4060-2706","contributorId":139578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollitz","given":"Frederick","email":"fpollitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":881393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murray, Jessica R. 0000-0002-6144-1681 jrmurray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6144-1681","contributorId":2759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"Jessica","email":"jrmurray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":881394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Svarc, Jerry L. 0000-0002-2802-4528","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2802-4528","contributorId":212736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Svarc","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":881395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wicks, Charles 0000-0002-0809-1328","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0809-1328","contributorId":9023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wicks","given":"Charles","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":881396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Roeloffs, Evelyn 0000-0002-4761-0469","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4761-0469","contributorId":215340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roeloffs","given":"Evelyn","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":881397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Minson, Sarah E. 0000-0001-5869-3477 sminson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5869-3477","contributorId":5357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minson","given":"Sarah","email":"sminson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":881398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Scharer, Katherine M. 0000-0003-2811-2496","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2811-2496","contributorId":217361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scharer","given":"Katherine M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":881399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kendrick, Katherine J. 0000-0002-9839-6861","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9839-6861","contributorId":207907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendrick","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":881400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hudnut, Kenneth W. 0000-0002-3168-4797 hudnut@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3168-4797","contributorId":2550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudnut","given":"Kenneth","email":"hudnut@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":881401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Nevitt, Johanna 0000-0003-3819-1773 jnevitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3819-1773","contributorId":198144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nevitt","given":"Johanna","email":"jnevitt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":881402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Brooks, Benjamin A. 0000-0001-7954-6281 bbrooks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7954-6281","contributorId":5237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Benjamin","email":"bbrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":881403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Mencin, David 0000-0001-9984-6724","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9984-6724","contributorId":328836,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mencin","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5114,"text":"UNAVCO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70215219,"text":"70215219 - 2020 - Stable isotope analysis of multiple tissues from Hawaiian honeycreepers indicates elevational movement","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-14T12:09:36.964479","indexId":"70215219","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-15T06:45:27","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stable isotope analysis of multiple tissues from Hawaiian honeycreepers indicates elevational movement","docAbstract":"<p><span>We have limited knowledge of the patterns, causes, and prevalence of elevational migration despite observations of seasonal movements of animals along elevational gradients in montane systems worldwide. While a third of extant Hawaiian landbird species are estimated to be elevational migrants this assumption is based primarily on early naturalist’s observations with limited empirical evidence. In this study, we compared stable hydrogen isotopes (δ</span><sup>2</sup><span>H) of metabolically inert (feathers) and active (blood plasma, red blood cells) tissues collected from the same individual to determine if present day populations of Hawaiian honeycreepers undergo elevational movements to track areas of seasonally high flower bloom that constitute significant food resources. We also measured stable carbon isotopes (δ</span><sup>13</sup><span>C) and stable nitrogen isotopes (δ</span><sup>15</sup><span>N) to examine potential changes in diet between time periods. We found that the majority of ‘apapane (</span><i>Himatione sanguinea</i><span>) and Hawaiʻi ʻamakihi (</span><i>Chlorodrepanis virens</i><span>) captured at high elevation, high bloom flowering sites in the fall were not year-round residents at the capture locations, but had molted their feathers at lower elevations presumably in the summer after breeding. δ</span><sup>2</sup><span>H values of feathers for all individuals sampled were higher than blood plasma isotope values after accounting for differences in tissue-specific discrimination. We did not find a difference in the propensity of elevational movement between ‘apapane and Hawaiʻi ‘amakihi, even though the ‘amakihi is considered more sedentary. However, consistent with a more generalist diet, δ</span><sup>15</sup><span>N values indicated that Hawaiʻi ʻamakihi had a more diverse diet across trophic levels than ʻapapane, and a greater reliance on nectar in the fall. We demonstrate that collecting multiple tissue samples, which grow at different rates or time periods, from a single individual can provide insights into elevational movements of Hawaiian honeycreepers over an extended time period.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0235752","usgsCitation":"Paxton, K.L., Kelly, J.F., Pletchet, S.M., and Paxton, E., 2020, Stable isotope analysis of multiple tissues from Hawaiian honeycreepers indicates elevational movement: PLoS ONE, v. 15, no. 7, e0235752, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235752.","productDescription":"e0235752, 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-119677","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":456011,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235752","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436875,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P98I4EP7","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Hawaii Volcanoes National Park stable isotope values from Hawaii forest birds 2012"},{"id":379338,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"South Hawai'i","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.9014892578125,\n              18.911483222018383\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.445556640625,\n              18.911483222018383\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.445556640625,\n              19.316327373141174\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.9014892578125,\n              19.316327373141174\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.9014892578125,\n              18.911483222018383\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paxton, Kristina L. 0000-0003-2321-5090","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2321-5090","contributorId":41917,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paxton","given":"Kristina","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6977,"text":"University of Hawai`i at Hilo","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":12981,"text":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":801219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kelly, Jeffery F","contributorId":238815,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kelly","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"F","affiliations":[{"id":7062,"text":"University of Oklahoma","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":801220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pletchet, Sandra M","contributorId":242963,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pletchet","given":"Sandra","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":7062,"text":"University of Oklahoma","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":801221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Paxton, Eben H. 0000-0001-5578-7689 epaxton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5578-7689","contributorId":438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paxton","given":"Eben H.","email":"epaxton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":801222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70211257,"text":"70211257 - 2020 - Spatial proximity moderates genotype uncertainty in genetic tagging studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-04T14:28:28.360713","indexId":"70211257","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-13T15:08:00","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3164,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial proximity moderates genotype uncertainty in genetic tagging studies","docAbstract":"<p><span>Accelerating declines of an increasing number of animal populations worldwide necessitate methods to reliably and efficiently estimate demographic parameters such as population density and trajectory. Standard methods for estimating demographic parameters from noninvasive genetic samples are inefficient because lower-quality samples cannot be used, and they assume individuals are identified without error. We introduce the genotype spatial partial identity model (gSPIM), which integrates a genetic classification model with a spatial population model to combine both spatial and genetic information, thus reducing genotype uncertainty and increasing the precision of demographic parameter estimates. We apply this model to data from a study of fishers (</span><i>Pekania pennanti</i><span>) in which 37% of hair samples were originally discarded because of uncertainty in individual identity. The gSPIM density estimate using all collected samples was 25% more precise than the original density estimate, and the model identified and corrected three errors in the original individual identity assignments. A simulation study demonstrated that our model increased the accuracy and precision of density estimates 63 and 42%, respectively, using three replicated assignments (e.g., PCRs for microsatellites) per genetic sample. Further, the simulations showed that the gSPIM model parameters are identifiable with only one replicated assignment per sample and that accuracy and precision are relatively insensitive to the number of replicated assignments for high-quality samples. Current genotyping protocols devote the majority of resources to replicating and confirming high-quality samples, but when using the gSPIM, genotyping protocols could be more efficient by devoting more resources to low-quality samples.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"United States National Academy of Sciences","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2000247117","usgsCitation":"Augustine, B., Royle, A., Linden, D., and Fuller, A.K., 2020, Spatial proximity moderates genotype uncertainty in genetic tagging studies: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, v. 117, no. 30, p. 17903-17912, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2000247117.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"17903","endPage":"17912","ipdsId":"IP-114514","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":456020,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2000247117","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":376597,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"117","issue":"30","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-07-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Augustine, Ben C.","contributorId":229524,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Augustine","given":"Ben C.","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":793443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167 aroyle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":146229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","email":"aroyle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":793444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Linden, Daniel W.","contributorId":229525,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Linden","given":"Daniel W.","affiliations":[{"id":36803,"text":"NOAA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":793445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fuller, Angela K.","contributorId":229526,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fuller","given":"Angela","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":793446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70211251,"text":"70211251 - 2020 - RestoreNet: An emerging restoration network reveals controls on seeding success across dryland ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-16T12:53:02.939962","indexId":"70211251","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-11T14:04:50","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2163,"text":"Journal of Applied Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"RestoreNet: An emerging restoration network reveals controls on seeding success across dryland ecosystems","docAbstract":"<ol class=\"\"><li>Drylands are Earth's largest terrestrial biome and support one‐third of the global population. However, they are also highly vulnerable to land degradation. Despite widespread demand for dryland restoration and rehabilitation, little information is available to help land managers effectively re‐establish native perennial vegetation across drylands.</li><li>RestoreNet is an emerging dryland restoration network that systematically tests revegetation techniques across environmental gradients. Using the RestoreNet experimental framework, we tested the effectiveness of restoration treatments (i.e. ConMod nurse plant structures, mulch, pits) that increase soil moisture and seed mixes with different climatic niches to achieve revegetation goals.</li><li>Across sites, seedling recruitment was consistently influenced by treatment and seed mix type. Pit and mulch treatments increased total seedling density, with pits promoting the highest seeded species recruitment while limiting non‐native species establishment. Seeding increased total seedling density regardless of seed mix type, but cooler‐adapted seed mixes promoted greater seeded species density and resulted in lower density of unseeded (non‐native) species relative to warmer‐adapted mixes.</li><li>Seedling recruitment was also controlled by the temporal and environmental context of restoration with the positive effect of high precipitation greatest in the weeks immediately following seeding. Above‐average precipitation during the study period across most of the sites may partially explain why the highest seeded species recruitment occurred in pit treatments and seed mixes with cooler, wetter niche requirements.</li><li><i>Synthesis and applications</i>. Results from the dryland restoration network, RestoreNet help to better understand variation in seeding and restoration treatment success across space and time in drylands. Relationships between restoration practices and environmental conditions in our study suggest the importance of anticipatory restoration strategies that forecast seasonal and sub‐seasonal weather conditions and select plant species with climate niche requirements appropriate for current and future climate conditions. This information is critical to land managers tasked with improving ecosystem conditions across degraded dryland regions.</li></ol>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/1365-2664.13715","usgsCitation":"Havrilla, C.A., Munson, S.M., McCormick, M.L., Laushman, K.M., Balazs, K.R., and Butterfield, B.J., 2020, RestoreNet: An emerging restoration network reveals controls on seeding success across dryland ecosystems: Journal of Applied Ecology, v. 57, no. 11, p. 2191-2202, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13715.","productDescription":"12","startPage":"2191","endPage":"2202","ipdsId":"IP-114674","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":456034,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13715","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436880,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9LW1F9R","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"RestoreNet: seedling treatment and site environmental characteristics data at restoration treatment plots in northern Arizona, USA"},{"id":376576,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Drylands of the Southwest","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.587890625,\n              36.80928470205937\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.5,\n              35.88905007936091\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.97265625,\n              34.813803317113155\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.77539062499999,\n              34.161818161230386\n            ],\n            [\n      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smunson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2736-6374","contributorId":1334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munson","given":"Seth","email":"smunson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":793413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCormick, Molly L. 0000-0002-4361-7567 mmccormick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4361-7567","contributorId":196257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"Molly","email":"mmccormick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":793414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Laushman, Katherine M. 0000-0002-4333-6386","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4333-6386","contributorId":229512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laushman","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":793415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Balazs, Kathleen R.","contributorId":223214,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Balazs","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":24810,"text":"Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":793416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Butterfield, Bradley J. 0000-0003-0974-9811","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0974-9811","contributorId":167009,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Butterfield","given":"Bradley","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":24591,"text":"Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research and Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":793417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70211226,"text":"70211226 - 2020 - Brackish tidal marsh management and the ecology of a declining freshwater turtle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-12T17:01:52.38416","indexId":"70211226","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-10T15:26:15","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Brackish tidal marsh management and the ecology of a declining freshwater turtle","docAbstract":"<p><span>Water management practices in tidal marshes of the San Francisco Bay Estuary, California are often aimed at increasing suitable habitat for threatened fish species and sport fishes. However, little is known about how best to manage habitat for other sensitive status species like the semiaquatic freshwater Western Pond Turtle (Actinemys marmorata) that is declining throughout much of its range. Here, we examined the basking activity, abundance, survival, and growth of Western Pond Turtles at two brackish water study sites in Suisun Marsh, California that differed in how they were managed, with one having passive management (i.e., no active water regulation) and another having active management (i.e., water regulated for seasonal hunting). Our results revealed that basking activity was greatest when salinity, water stage, and air temperatures were low, shortwave radiation was high, and wind levels were intermediate. These preferred habitat characteristics often reflected conditions that were naturally maintained at the passively managed, muted tidal site. We also found that turtles were more abundant and had higher survival rates in the passively managed habitat compared to the actively managed habitat (201-323 turtles/km</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;and 96% survival versus 11-135 turtles/km</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;and 77% survival, respectively). Finally, characteristic growth constants from von Bertalanffy models showed that turtles grew more quickly in passively managed habitat compared to the actively managed habitat. Our results suggest that management strategies for this sensitive status species may be more effective if they protect passively managed muted tidal systems that limit or delay extreme cycles of salinity and water levels and conserve elevated terrestrial buffer zones adjacent to muted and full tidal systems.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00267-020-01326-0","usgsCitation":"Agha, M., Yackulic, C., Riley, M.K., Peterson, B., and Todd, B.D., 2020, Brackish tidal marsh management and the ecology of a declining freshwater turtle: Environmental Management, v. 66, p. 644-653, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-020-01326-0.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"644","endPage":"653","ipdsId":"IP-108939","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":376527,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Francisco","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay Estuary, Suisun Marsh","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.12059020996094,\n              38.10052299089303\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.93656921386719,\n              38.10052299089303\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.93656921386719,\n              38.25004423627535\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.12059020996094,\n              38.25004423627535\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.12059020996094,\n              38.10052299089303\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"66","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-07-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Agha, Mickey","contributorId":22235,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Agha","given":"Mickey","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12425,"text":"University of Kentucky","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":793272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yackulic, Charles B. 0000-0001-9661-0724","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9661-0724","contributorId":218825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yackulic","given":"Charles","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":793273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Riley, Melissa K.","contributorId":207841,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Riley","given":"Melissa","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":6952,"text":"California Department of Fish and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":793352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Peterson, Blair","contributorId":229496,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"Blair","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":793350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Todd, Brian D","contributorId":167777,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Todd","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"D","affiliations":[{"id":12711,"text":"UC Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":793351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70211172,"text":"70211172 - 2020 - Preserving connectivity under climate and land-use change: No one-size-fits-all approach for focal species in similar habitats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-16T17:41:37.244991","indexId":"70211172","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-10T10:44:23","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preserving connectivity under climate and land-use change: No one-size-fits-all approach for focal species in similar habitats","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif\"><div id=\"ab0005\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"as0005\"><p id=\"sp0035\">Habitat connectivity is essential for maintaining populations of wildlife species, especially as climate changes. Knowledge about the fate of existing habitat networks in a changing climate and in light of land-use change is critical for determining which types of conservation actions must be taken to maintain those networks. However, information is lacking about how multiple focal species that use similar habitats overlap in the degree and geographic patterns of threats to linkages among currently suitable habitat patches. We sought to address that gap. We assessed climate change threat to existing linkages in the southeastern United States for three wildlife species that use similar habitats but differ in the degree to which their ranges are limited by climate, habitat specificity, and dispersal ability. Linkages for the specialist species (timber rattlesnake), whose range is climate-restricted, were more likely to serve as climate change refugia – that is, they were more likely to be climate-stable – by the middle of the 21st century. This contrasts with the two more generalist species (Rafinesque's big-eared bat and American black bear), whose linkages were threatened by climate change and thus required adaptation measures. Further incorporation of projected land-use change and current protection status for important linkages narrows down our recommended conservation actions for each species. Our results highlight the surprising ways in which even species that use similar habitats will experience differences in the degree and geographic patterns of threats to connectivity. Taking action before these projected changes occur will be critical for successful conservation.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108678","usgsCitation":"Costanza, J.K., Watling, J.I., Sutherland, R., Belyea, C., Dilkina, B., Cayton, H., Bucklin, D.N., Romanach, S., and Haddad, N.M., 2020, Preserving connectivity under climate and land-use change: No one-size-fits-all approach for focal species in similar habitats: Biological Conservation, v. 248, 108678, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108678.","productDescription":"108678, 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-113136","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":456048,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108678","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":376432,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Tennessee, South Carolina, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.33203125,\n              25.60190226111573\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.9365234375,\n              27.21555620902969\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.69433593749999,\n              30.600093873550072\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.9912109375,\n              31.728167146023935\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.1455078125,\n              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Ron","contributorId":229342,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sutherland","given":"Ron","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":41623,"text":"Wildlands Network, Durham, NC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":792934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Belyea, Curtis","contributorId":229343,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Belyea","given":"Curtis","affiliations":[{"id":41624,"text":"Biodiversity and Spatial Information Center, Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":792935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dilkina, Bistra","contributorId":177110,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dilkina","given":"Bistra","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":792936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cayton, Heather","contributorId":229344,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cayton","given":"Heather","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":41625,"text":"Kellogg Biological Station and Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":792937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bucklin, David N.","contributorId":175273,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bucklin","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":792938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Romanach, Stephanie 0000-0003-0271-7825","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0271-7825","contributorId":216659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romanach","given":"Stephanie","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Haddad, Nick M.","contributorId":229345,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haddad","given":"Nick","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":41625,"text":"Kellogg Biological Station and Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":792940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70211082,"text":"70211082 - 2020 - A holistic modelling approach to project the evolution of inlet-interrupted coastlines over the 21st century","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-14T15:28:54.536523","indexId":"70211082","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-10T10:26:47","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3912,"text":"Frontiers in Marine Science","onlineIssn":"2296-7745","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A holistic modelling approach to project the evolution of inlet-interrupted coastlines over the 21st century","docAbstract":"Approximately one quarter of the World’s sandy beaches, most of which are interrupted by tidal inlets, are eroding. Understanding the long-term (50-100 year) evolution of inlet-interrupted coasts in a changing climate is therefore of great importance for coastal zone planners and managers. This study therefore focuses on the development and piloting of an innovative model that can simulate the climate-change driven evolution of inlet-interrupted coasts at 50-100 year time scales, while taking into account the contributions from catchment-estuary-coastal systems in a holistic manner. In this new model, the evolution of inlet-interrupted coasts is determined by: (1) computing the variation of total sediment volume exchange between the inlet-estuary system and its adjacent coast, and (2) distributing the computed sediment volume along the inlet-interrupted coast as a spatially and temporally varying quantity. The exchange volume, as computed here, consists of three major components: variation in fluvial sediment supply; basin (or estuarine) infilling due to the sea-level rise-induced increase in accommodation space; and estuarine sediment volume change due to variations in river discharge.\nTo pilot the model, it is here applied to three different catchment-estuary-coastal systems: the Alsea estuary (Oregon, USA), Dyfi estuary (Wales, UK), and Kalutara inlet (Sri Lanka). Results indicate that all three systems will experience sediment deficits by 2100 (i.e. sediment importing estuaries). However, processes and system characteristics governing the total sediment exchange volume, and thus coastline change, vary markedly among the systems due to differences in geomorphic settings and projected climatic conditions. These results underline the importance of accounting for the different governing processes when assessing the future evolution of inlet-interrupted coastlines.","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2020.00542","usgsCitation":"Bamunawala, J., Dastgheib, A., Ranasinghe, R., van der Spek, A., Maskey, S., Murray, A.B., Duong, T., Barnard, P., and Sirisena, J.G., 2020, A holistic modelling approach to project the evolution of inlet-interrupted coastlines over the 21st century: Frontiers in Marine Science, v. 7, 542, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00542.","productDescription":"542, 20 p.","ipdsId":"IP-117311","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":456049,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00542","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":376362,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-07-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bamunawala, Janaka","contributorId":228985,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bamunawala","given":"Janaka","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39272,"text":"University of Twente","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":792716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dastgheib, Ali","contributorId":228986,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dastgheib","given":"Ali","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40834,"text":"IHE Delft","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":792717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ranasinghe, Rosh","contributorId":228987,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ranasinghe","given":"Rosh","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39272,"text":"University of Twente","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":792718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"van der Spek, Ad","contributorId":228988,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"van der Spek","given":"Ad","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36257,"text":"Deltares","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":792719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Maskey, Shreedhar","contributorId":228989,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maskey","given":"Shreedhar","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40834,"text":"IHE Delft","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":792720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Murray, A. Brad","contributorId":228991,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murray","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Brad","affiliations":[{"id":12643,"text":"Duke University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":792722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Duong, Trang M.","contributorId":228990,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duong","given":"Trang M.","affiliations":[{"id":39272,"text":"University of Twente","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":792721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Barnard, Patrick L. 0000-0003-1414-6476 pbarnard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1414-6476","contributorId":147147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnard","given":"Patrick L.","email":"pbarnard@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Sirisena, Jeewanthi Gangani","contributorId":228992,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sirisena","given":"Jeewanthi","email":"","middleInitial":"Gangani","affiliations":[{"id":39272,"text":"University of Twente","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":792724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70210883,"text":"sir20205046 - 2020 - Effects of stormwater runoff from selected bridge decks on conditions of water, sediment, and biological quality in receiving waters in South Carolina, 2013 to 2018","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-08T15:30:55.392543","indexId":"sir20205046","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-08T11:40:00","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2020-5046","displayTitle":"Effects of Stormwater Runoff from Selected Bridge Decks on Conditions of Water, Sediment, and Biological Quality in Receiving Waters in South Carolina, 2013 to 2018","title":"Effects of stormwater runoff from selected bridge decks on conditions of water, sediment, and biological quality in receiving waters in South Carolina, 2013 to 2018","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Transportation, investigated the effects of stormwater runoff from bridge decks on stream water quality conditions in South Carolina. The investigation assessed 5 bridges in 3 physiographic provinces in South Carolina (Piedmont, Upper Coastal Plain, and Lower Coast Plain) that had a range of bridge, traffic, and hydrologic characteristics. The five selected South Carolina bridge sites (coincident with U.S. Geological Survey stations) and corresponding highways were Lynches River at Effingham (station 02132000; U.S. Highway 52), North Fork Edisto River at Orangeburg (station 02173500; U.S. Highway 301), Turkey Creek above Huger (station 02172035; South Carolina Highway 41), South Fork Edisto River near Denmark (station 02173000; U.S. Highway 321), and Fishing Creek at Highway 5 below York (station 021473415; South Carolina Highway 5). Bridge decks at the selected sites used open chutes, scuppers, and downspouts to drain stormwater directly into the receiving water at evenly spaced intervals.</p><p>Stream water, sediment, and biological samples were collected and analyzed for a variety of constituents to evaluate the stream conditions for this study. Five to six stream samples were collected at transects upstream and downstream from each selected bridge site using the equal-width-increment technique during observable stormwater runoff. Routine samples of the receiving waters were collected 12 to 14 times at the upstream transect during nonstorm conditions. Samples were analyzed for physical properties, suspended sediment, nutrients, major ions, trace metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and <i>Escherichia coli</i>. Bridge-deck sediment and streambed sediment at upstream and downstream transects were collected once at each bridge site and analyzed for metals and semivolatile organic compounds that include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Benthic macroinvertebrate community surveys were conducted once using Hester-Dendy multiplate artificial substrate samplers deployed at multiple upstream and downstream transects concurrently.</p><p>Statistical analysis of the water-quality data determined that stormwater runoff from bridges did not significantly degrade physical properties, nor nutrient, trace-metal, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, and suspended-sediment concentrations at the selected sites beyond the variability at the upstream transect (no bridge influence) during the study period. During storm sampling at the bridge sites, water-quality conditions were statistically similar upstream and downstream from each bridge, except for greater turbidity, total nitrogen, and total organic nitrogen plus ammonia concentrations found downstream from the bridge site on Fishing Creek; higher total chromium concentrations detected downstream from the bridge site on Turkey Creek; and increased <i>Escherichia coli</i> concentrations found downstream from the bridge site on the North Fork Edisto River. Total recoverable lead, cadmium, and copper concentrations were the only trace metals that periodically exceeded the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control freshwater aquatic-life criteria at some bridge sites (lead, copper, and cadmium in Turkey Creek; cadmium and lead in Fishing Creek; lead in the South Fork Edisto River and Lynches River), but the exceedances occurred more frequently during routine sampling upstream from the bridge sites than during storm sampling at upstream and downstream transects. In general, stormwater runoff from the bridge decks did not seem to be the major source of metal enrichment in receiving waters during the study period. North Fork and South Fork Edisto Rivers and Turkey Creek had only one storm sample that exceeded South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control recreational criterion for <i>Escherichia coli</i> at both the upstream and downstream locations, while Fishing Creek had more frequent exceedances. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were detected infrequently in the stream samples.</p><p>In general, sediment trace-metal concentrations were below the threshold and probable effect concentration at all bridge sites, except for the chromium concentration (45.1 milligrams per kilogram) detected upstream from the bridge site on Fishing Creek that exceeded the threshold effect concentration of 43.4 milligrams per kilogram. Based on enrichment ratios less than 1.5, bridge-deck runoff did not seem to be affecting trace-metal accumulation in the streambed sediment downstream from the bridge sites, except for lead at the bridge site on the Lynches River and manganese at the bridge site on Fishing Creek.</p><p>Individual polycyclic aromatic compound concentrations and the sum of 18 compounds did not exceed any threshold and probable effect concentrations, indicating polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations in the streambed sediment at downstream and upstream transects were not likely to affect the health of benthic macroinvertebrate communities. Although the cumulative polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations in downstream sediment at the sites on Turkey and Fishing Creeks were well below the threshold effect concentration of 1,610 micrograms per kilogram, the 3- to 100-fold increase in downstream concentrations indicated a strong probability of a bridge-deck runoff source.</p><p>Overall, benthic macroinvertebrate community health downstream from the bridge sites did not seem to be affected by bridge-deck runoff based on several multivariate analyses that indicated statistically similar benthic macroinvertebrate communities at upstream and downstream transects. Of the five bridge sites in this study, the site on Turkey Creek seemed to have the least healthy benthic macroinvertebrate communities because of the lowest Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera spp. (mayflies, stoneflies, and caddisflies, respectively) taxa, species richness, and diversity; and the highest biotic indices, indicative of poorer ecological health, at upstream and downstream transects. This ecological finding was not unexpected because of seasonal periods of negligible flow when dissolved-oxygen concentrations fell below 4 milligrams per liter during the study period. Of the five bridge sites in this study, the site on the South Fork Edisto River seemed to have healthier benthic macroinvertebrate communities because of the greater mean Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera spp. taxa; and lower mean biotic indices at upstream and downstream transects.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20205046","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with South Carolina Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Journey, C.A., Petkewich, M.D., Conlon, K.J., Caldwell, A.W., Clark, J.M., Riley, J.W., and Bradley, P.M., 2020, Effects of stormwater runoff from selected bridge decks on conditions of water, sediment, and biological quality in receiving waters in South Carolina, 2013 to 2018: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2020–5046, 101 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20205046.","productDescription":"xii, 101 p.","numberOfPages":"101","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-099513","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":376048,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5046/sir20205046_appendixes.xlsx","text":"Appendixes 1-3","size":"312 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":376047,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5046/sir20205046.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.32 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2020-5046"},{"id":376046,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9FXSV2Y","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Water-, Sediment-, and Biological-Quality Data for Waters Receiving Runoff from Five Bridges in South Carolina, 2013 to 2018"},{"id":376045,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5046/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":376051,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5046/sir20205046_appendixes_csv.zip","text":"Appendixes 1-3 (CSV)","size":"34.5 KB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}}],"contact":"<p>Director, <a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/sa-water\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/sa-water\">South Atlantic Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey <br>720 Gracern Road<br>Columbia, SC 29210</p><p><a href=\"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/contact\" data-mce-href=\"../contact\">Contact Pubs Warehouse</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Acknowledgments</li><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Approach and Methods</li><li>Quality Assurance and Quality Control</li><li>Description of the Study Areas at Selected Bridge Sites</li><li>Selected Bridge Site Characteristics</li><li>Water Quality at Selected Bridge Sites</li><li>Sediment Quality</li><li>Benthic Macroinvertebrate Assemblages</li><li>Summary</li><li>References Cited</li><li>Appendix 1. U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory methods</li><li>Appendix 2. Quality-Assurance and Quality Control Related to stream Water and Sediment Replicate Analysis and Hydrologic Characterization</li><li>Appendix 3. Water-Quality, Sediment-Quality, and Benthic Macroinvertebrate Data Collected at the Five Selected Bridge Sites in South Carolina, 2013 to 2018</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"publishedDate":"2020-07-08","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-07-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Journey, Celeste A. 0000-0002-2284-5851 cjourney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2284-5851","contributorId":189681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Journey","given":"Celeste","email":"cjourney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":791930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petkewich, Matthew D. 0000-0002-5749-6356 mdpetkew@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5749-6356","contributorId":982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petkewich","given":"Matthew","email":"mdpetkew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":791931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conlon, Kevin J. 0000-0003-0798-368X kjconlon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0798-368X","contributorId":2561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conlon","given":"Kevin","email":"kjconlon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":791932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Caldwell, Andral W. 0000-0003-1269-5463 acaldwel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1269-5463","contributorId":3228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"Andral","email":"acaldwel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":791933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clark, Jimmy M. 0000-0002-3138-5738 jmclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3138-5738","contributorId":4773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Jimmy","email":"jmclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":791934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Riley, Jeffrey W. 0000-0001-5525-3134 jriley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5525-3134","contributorId":3605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riley","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jriley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":791935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bradley, Paul M. 0000-0001-7522-8606 pbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul","email":"pbradley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":791936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70210991,"text":"70210991 - 2020 - Segmentation and supercycles: A catalog of earthquake rupture patterns from the Sumatran Sunda Megathrust and other well-studied faults worldwide","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-10T13:47:57.191861","indexId":"70210991","displayToPublicDate":"2020-07-08T08:46:34","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Segmentation and supercycles: A catalog of earthquake rupture patterns from the Sumatran Sunda Megathrust and other well-studied faults worldwide","docAbstract":"After more than 100 years of earthquake research, earthquake forecasting, which relies on knowledge of past fault rupture patterns, has become the foundation for societal defense against seismic natural disasters. A concept that has come into focus more recently is that rupture segmentation and cyclicity can be complex, and that a characteristic earthquake model is too simple to adequately describe much of fault behavior. Nevertheless, recognizable patterns in earthquake recurrence emerge from long, high resolution, spatially distributed chronologies. Researchers now seek to discover the maximum, minimum, and typical rupture areas; the distribution, variability, and spatial applicability of recurrence intervals; and patterns of earthquake clustering in space and time. The term “supercycle” has been used to describe repeating longer periods of elastic strain accumulation and release that involve multiple fault ruptures. However, this term has become very broadly applied, lumping together several distinct phenomena that likely have disparate underlying causes. We divide earthquake cycle behavior into four major classes that have different implications for seismic hazard and fault mechanics: 1) quasi-periodic similar ruptures, 2) clustered similar ruptures, 3) clustered complementary ruptures/rupture cascades, and 4) superimposed cycles. “Segmentation” is likewise an ambiguous term; we identify “master segments” and “asperities” as defined by barriers to fault rupture. These barriers may be persistent (rarely or never traversed), frequent (occasionally traversed), or ephemeral (changing location from cycle to cycle). We compile a catalog of the historical and paleoseismic evidence that currently exists for each of these types of behavior on major well-studied faults worldwide. Due to the unique level of paleoseismic and paleogeodetic detail provided by the coral microatoll technique, the Sumatran Sunda megathrust provides one of the most complete records over multiple earthquake rupture cycles. Long historical records of earthquakes along the South American and Japanese subduction zones are also vital contributors to our catalog, along with additional data compiled from subduction zones in Cascadia, Alaska, and Middle America, as well as the North Anatolian and Dead Sea strike-slip faults in the Middle East. We find that persistent and frequent barriers, rupture cascades, superimposed cycles, and quasi-periodic similar ruptures are common features of most major faults. Clustered similar ruptures do not appear to be common, but broad overlap zones between neighboring segments do occur. Barrier regions accommodate slip through reduced interseismic coupling, slow slip events, and/or smaller more localized ruptures, and are frequently associated with structural features such as subducting seafloor relief or fault trace discontinuities. This catalog of observations provides a basis for exploring and modeling root causes of rupture segmentation and cycle behavior. We expect that researchers will recognize similar behavior styles on other major faults around the world.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106390","usgsCitation":"Philibosian, B.E., and Meltzner, A.J., 2020, Segmentation and supercycles: A catalog of earthquake rupture patterns from the Sumatran Sunda Megathrust and other well-studied faults worldwide: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 241, 106390, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106390.","productDescription":"106390, 43 p.","ipdsId":"IP-103767","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":456092,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106390","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":376257,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"241","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Philibosian, Belle E. 0000-0003-3138-4716","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3138-4716","contributorId":206110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Philibosian","given":"Belle","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meltzner, Aron J.","contributorId":193419,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meltzner","given":"Aron","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7218,"text":"California Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":5110,"text":"Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":792359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}