In the introduction to my report on the Laramie flora of the Denver Basin I stated that that was the first of what was proposed to be a series of papers dealing with the stratigraphy and paleobotany of certain Upper Cretaceous and lower Tertiary plant-bearing formtions of the Rocky Mountain region. The present paper is the second of this series and deals with the flora of the Denver formation and certain identical or closely related formations that occur mainly in or adjacent to the Denver Basin of Colorndo. The additional formational units treated are the Arapahoe formation, the Dawson arkose, and the Middle Park formation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/pp155","usgsCitation":"Knowlton, F.H., 1930, The flora of the Denver and associated formations of Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 155, 142 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp155.","productDescription":"142 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":170287,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0155/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":113494,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0155/report.pdf","size":"42919","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65db03","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Berry, Edward Wilber","contributorId":36206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"Wilber","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726165,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Knowlton, Frank Hall","contributorId":75982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knowlton","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"Hall","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":25073,"text":"wsp636A - 1930 - Quality of water of the Colorado River in 1926-1928","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":25073,"text":"wsp636A - 1930 - Quality of water of the Colorado River in 1926-1928","indexId":"wsp636A","publicationYear":"1930","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Quality of water of the Colorado River in 1926-1928"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":1449,"text":"wsp636 - 1930 - Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1929","indexId":"wsp636","publicationYear":"1930","noYear":false,"title":"Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1929"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":1449,"text":"wsp636 - 1930 - Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1929","indexId":"wsp636","publicationYear":"1930","noYear":false,"title":"Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1929"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-17T09:15:57","indexId":"wsp636A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1930","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"636","chapter":"A","title":"Quality of water of the Colorado River in 1926-1928","docAbstract":"This report gives the results obtained in the continuation of a study of the Colorado River begun in 1925.1 Most of the analyses here given represent composites of daily samples collected by the observers at the gaging stations on the Colorado River at Grand Canyon, Topock, and Yuma, Ariz. The other samples analyzed were taken at Lees Ferry and on tributaries of the Colorado. These stations are operated under the direction of W. E. Dickinson, district engineer of the Geological Survey at Tucson, Ariz., who personally collected some of the samples at other points and arranged for the collection of others. The average discharges in Table 2 were calculated from data furnished by W. E. Dickinson. Complete discharge data for this period will be published in the regular series of water-supply papers.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1929 (Water Supply Paper 636)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp636A","usgsCitation":"Howard, C.S., 1930, Quality of water of the Colorado River in 1926-1928: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 636, ii, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp636A.","productDescription":"ii, 14 p.","startPage":"1","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":156849,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0636a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54078,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0636a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8ae4b07f02db6515e1","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Grover, N.C.","contributorId":65453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grover","given":"N.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709980,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Howard, C. S.","contributorId":73180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":45708,"text":"pp158 - 1930 - Shorter contributions to general geology, 1929","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":32800,"text":"pp158E - 1930 - The varves and climate of the Green River epoch","indexId":"pp158E","publicationYear":"1930","noYear":false,"chapter":"E","title":"The varves and climate of the Green River epoch"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":45708,"text":"pp158 - 1930 - Shorter contributions to general geology, 1929","indexId":"pp158","publicationYear":"1930","noYear":false,"title":"Shorter contributions to general geology, 1929"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":32801,"text":"pp158G - 1930 - Early Pleistocene glaciation in Idaho","indexId":"pp158G","publicationYear":"1930","noYear":false,"chapter":"G","title":"Early Pleistocene glaciation in Idaho"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":45708,"text":"pp158 - 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1930 - Shorter contributions to general geology, 1929","indexId":"pp158","publicationYear":"1930","noYear":false,"title":"Shorter contributions to general geology, 1929"},"id":4},{"subject":{"id":39349,"text":"pp158B - 1930 - The contact of the Fox Hills and Lance formations","indexId":"pp158B","publicationYear":"1930","noYear":false,"chapter":"B","title":"The contact of the Fox Hills and Lance formations"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":45708,"text":"pp158 - 1930 - Shorter contributions to general geology, 1929","indexId":"pp158","publicationYear":"1930","noYear":false,"title":"Shorter contributions to general geology, 1929"},"id":5},{"subject":{"id":39350,"text":"pp158C - 1930 - The Helderberg group of parts of West Virginia and Virginia","indexId":"pp158C","publicationYear":"1930","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"The Helderberg group of parts of West Virginia and Virginia"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":45708,"text":"pp158 - 1930 - Shorter contributions to general geology, 1929","indexId":"pp158","publicationYear":"1930","noYear":false,"title":"Shorter contributions to general geology, 1929"},"id":6},{"subject":{"id":39351,"text":"pp158D - 1930 - Petrography of the Pioche district, Lincoln County, Nevada","indexId":"pp158D","publicationYear":"1930","noYear":false,"chapter":"D","title":"Petrography of the Pioche district, Lincoln County, Nevada"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":45708,"text":"pp158 - 1930 - Shorter contributions to general geology, 1929","indexId":"pp158","publicationYear":"1930","noYear":false,"title":"Shorter contributions to general geology, 1929"},"id":7},{"subject":{"id":39352,"text":"pp158F - 1930 - Contact metamorphism of the rocks in the Pend Oreille district, northern Idaho","indexId":"pp158F","publicationYear":"1930","noYear":false,"chapter":"F","title":"Contact metamorphism of the rocks in the Pend Oreille district, northern Idaho"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":45708,"text":"pp158 - 1930 - Shorter contributions to general geology, 1929","indexId":"pp158","publicationYear":"1930","noYear":false,"title":"Shorter contributions to general geology, 1929"},"id":8},{"subject":{"id":39353,"text":"pp158H - 1930 - The flora of the Frontier formation","indexId":"pp158H","publicationYear":"1930","noYear":false,"chapter":"H","title":"The flora of the Frontier formation"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":45708,"text":"pp158 - 1930 - Shorter contributions to general geology, 1929","indexId":"pp158","publicationYear":"1930","noYear":false,"title":"Shorter contributions to general geology, 1929"},"id":9}],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-24T15:03:23.639857","indexId":"pp158","displayToPublicDate":"1930-01-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1930","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"158","title":"Shorter contributions to general geology, 1929","docAbstract":"Thin beds that consist almost wholly of euhedral analcite crystals occur at five or more horizons in the upper half of the Green River formation of Utah and Colorado, a series of Eocene lake beds that contain large deposits of oil shale. Most of these beds contain also minute crystals of apophyllite. The analcite crystals in some beds are cemented only by chalcedony, but in other beds that have less analcite the matrix is tuffaceous and consists of chalcedony in which are embedded splinters of feldspar, hornblende, and quartz, laths of biotite, and euhedral crystals of sanidine, apatite, and zircon. Analcite occurs plentifully also, disseminated in many of the oil-shale beds, and locally makes up as much as 16 per cent of weight of the rock. In these beds the analcite is accompanied by apophyllite, euhedral crystals of sanidine and orthoclase, angular fragments of quartz, and a little volcanic glass. The rocks associated with the beds of analcite and analcite-bearing oil shale contain salt-crystal cavities, that strongly suggest the former presence of glauberite and anhydrite.
Both clastic and hydrothermal hypotheses for the origin of the zeolites are considered and dismissed in the paper. The field and microscopic evidence presented leads to the conclusion that all the analcite and apophyllite formed in place on the lake bottom as a result of interactions between salts dissolved in the lake water and the dissolution products of volcanic ash that fell into the lake.
Meerschaum, or fibrous sepiolite, occurs in several thin beds near the top of the Green River formation in Duchesne County, Utah. It is mixed with structureless organic matter like that in the oil shale and apparently formed in place on the lake bottom.
Chemical analyses of the analcite rock and of the sepiolite are given.
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HVO staff also painstakingly prepared a second copy of each early record book, virtually identical to the original, complete with photographs and sketches. The original version of the record book was kept at HVO, while the duplicate went to the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association, which was created by a group of Honolulu, Hawaiʻi, businessmen to promote HVO’s work. The Hawaiian Volcano Research Association, which dissolved decades ago, held the duplicate books in Honolulu, where they were more readily accessible to the public. After 1923, HVO stopped duplicating the books—at least, no duplicate records for subsequent years have been found. During the decade of the 1940s, preparation of the record books stopped altogether. In 1952, compilation of the record books resumed and continued, with long gaps, until early 1966. Entries in these later volumes are sparse, and these books are little more than photo albums of the episodic eruptions of Kīlauea.
The original record books were held at HVO and, later, at Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park. In 1972, the original record books for the years 1912 through 1939 were transferred to the Bishop Museum, in Honolulu, for safekeeping. These record books are now stored in archival boxes at that institution (accession number 172.265). The duplicate set of record books held by the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association were bound into volumes at an unknown date and turned over to the U.S. Geological Survey. This set of record books, spanning 1912 through 1923, is now housed in the rare book room of the U.S. Geological Survey Library in Reston, Virginia (catalog number 220(950) H3d). The record books for 1952 through early 1966 remain in storage at HVO. After 1955, typed annotations were no longer placed in the record books, and only photographs, most with captions, were included. Although the volumes titled “Record Book” end with the 1955 volume, the photograph albums that followed are similar, and the record book designation is retained for simplicity. Note that the photographs in these albums were not all originally arranged in chronological order.
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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW"} ,{"id":70267999,"text":"70267999 - 1930 - The volcano letter: A weekly news leaflet of the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association - 1930","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70267999,"text":"70267999 - 1930 - The volcano letter: A weekly news leaflet of the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association - 1930","indexId":"70267999","publicationYear":"1930","noYear":false,"title":"The volcano letter: A weekly news leaflet of the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association - 1930"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70246900,"text":"70246900 - 1925 - The volcano letter: A weekly news leaflet of the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association","indexId":"70246900","publicationYear":"1925","noYear":false,"title":"The volcano letter: A weekly news leaflet of the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70246900,"text":"70246900 - 1925 - The volcano letter: A weekly news leaflet of the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association","indexId":"70246900","publicationYear":"1925","noYear":false,"title":"The volcano letter: A weekly news leaflet of the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association"},"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-20T15:44:52.801937","indexId":"70267999","displayToPublicDate":"1930-01-01T12:00:27","publicationYear":"1930","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"title":"The volcano letter: A weekly news leaflet of the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association - 1930","docAbstract":"The Volcano Letter was an informal publication issued at irregular intervals by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) during the years 1925 to 1955. Individual issues contain information on volcanic activity, volcano research, and volcano monitoring in Hawaii. Information on volcanic activity at other locations is also occasionally included.
The Volcano Letter was published by HVO through multiple changes in administration, including the Hawaiian Volcano Research Association (1925 to 1932), the U.S. Geological Survey (1932 to 1935), the Department of the Interior (1935 to 1938), and the University of Hawai‘i (1938 to 1955). Issues 1-262 were published weekly from January 1, 1925, to January 2, 1930, and consisted of a single page of text. Issues 263-384, also published weekly, from January 9, 1930, to May 5, 1932, were generally longer—four pages— and provided more detail on volcanic activity, including photographs, maps, and plots. Weekly issues 385-387, published May 12-26, 1932, were a single page of text due to budget reductions brought on by the Great Depression. Budget restrictions reduced the publishing frequency to monthly for issues 388-428, covering the period of June 1932 to October 1935; these issues were generally shorter, 1-2 pages, and sometimes featured figures. From November 1935 to July 1938, issues 429-461 remained monthly but increased in length (generally eight pages) and featured figures frequently. Issues 462-530, published over the period of August 1938 to December 1955, varied in length from 2-15 pages, but were published quarterly, rather than monthly.
Six of the Volcano Letters are misnumbered:
Jan. 21, 1926 number is 55 though it should 56
July 29, 1926 number is 82 though it should be 83
Feb. 16, 1928 number is 161 though it should be 164
May 31, 1928 number is 197 though it should be 179
Nov. 29, 1928 number is 204 though it should be 205
No abstract available.
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