{"pageNumber":"651","pageRowStart":"16250","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16437,"records":[{"id":3385,"text":"cir323 - 1954 - Water resources of the Grand Rapids area, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-25T15:17:44","indexId":"cir323","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"323","title":"Water resources of the Grand Rapids area, Michigan","docAbstract":"

The Grand Rapids area, Michigan, has three sources from which to obtain its water supply: Lake Michigan, the Grand River and its tributaries, and ground water. Each of the first two and possibly the third is capable of supplying the entire needs of the area.

This area is now obtaining a part of its supply from each of these sources. Of the average use of 50 mgd (million gallons per day) during 1951, Lake Michigan supplied 29 mgd; the Grand River and its tributaries supplied 1 mgd; and ground water supplied 20 mgd.

Lake Michigan offers a practically unlimited source of potable water. However, the cost of delivery to the Grand Rapids area presents an economic problem in the further development of this source. Even without storage the Grand River can provide an adequate supply for the city of Grand Rapids. The present average use of the city of Grand Rapids is about 30 mgd and the maximum use is about 60 mgd, while the average flow of the Grand River is 2, 495 mgd or 3, 860 cfs (cubic feet per second) and the minimum daily flow recorded is 246 mgd. The quality and temperature of water in the Grand River is less desirable than Lake Michigan water. However, with proper treatment its chemical quality can be made entirely satisfactory.

The city of Grand Rapids is actively engaged in a study that will lead to the expansion of its present water-supply facilities to meet the expected growth in population in Grand Rapids and its environs.

Ground-water aquifers in the area are a large potential source of supply. The Grand Rapids area is underlain by glacial material containing a moderately hard to very hard water of varying chemical composition but suitable for most uses. The glacial outwash and lacustrine deposits bordering principal streams afford the greatest potential for the development of large supplies of potable ground water. Below the glacial drift, bedrock formations contain water that is extremely hard and moderately to highly mineralized. Thus the major sources of usable ground water are the glacial drift and some parts of the bedrock. Wherever the bedrock yields large quantities of water, the water is generally of inferior quality. Any development should be preceded by test drilling and careful hydrologic and geologic studies of the area under consideration and chemical analysis of the water found.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/cir323","usgsCitation":"Stramel, G., Wisler, C., and Laird, L., 1954, Water resources of the Grand Rapids area, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 323, Document: iv, 40 p.; 3 Plates: 12.93 x 14.76 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/cir323.","productDescription":"Document: iv, 40 p.; 3 Plates: 12.93 x 14.76 inches or smaller","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":30399,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1954/0323/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":30400,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1954/0323/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":30401,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1954/0323/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":30402,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1954/0323/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":121314,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1954/0323/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","city":"Grand Rapids","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.78948974609375,\n 42.76617046685292\n ],\n [\n -85.78948974609375,\n 43.11802655958523\n ],\n [\n -85.42282104492188,\n 43.11802655958523\n ],\n [\n -85.42282104492188,\n 42.76617046685292\n ],\n [\n -85.78948974609375,\n 42.76617046685292\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f054a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stramel, G.J.","contributorId":47768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stramel","given":"G.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wisler, C.O.","contributorId":34498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wisler","given":"C.O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Laird, L.B.","contributorId":23522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laird","given":"L.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70185465,"text":"70185465 - 1954 - The flood control controversy: Big dams, little dams, and land management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-22T12:38:18","indexId":"70185465","displayToPublicDate":"1954-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1954","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"title":"The flood control controversy: Big dams, little dams, and land management","docAbstract":"

The purpose of this book is to investigate the facts regarding flood control, a subject that has given rise to extreme controversy in the United States in recent years. The question of flood control is obviously a vital one not only to the United States but to many other countries. It is hoped that this book may lead to a far clearer understanding of the facts involved and so may prove a truly important influence in reconciling existing differences of opinion.

Most of the material presented here has not previously been available to the general reader nor has it been easily accessible to professional people. Much of it, in fact, has been gathered by the authors from unpublished reports of government agencies and from discussions with technicians in the field. Part of the material, on the other hand, such as the sections on flood plain formation and the hydrologic effect of small dams, stems from original research by the authors.

","language":"English","publisher":"The Ronald Press","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","usgsCitation":"Leopold, L.B., and Maddock, T., 1954, The flood control controversy: Big dams, little dams, and land management, xiii, 278 p.","productDescription":"xiii, 278 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":338058,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publicComments":"Sponsored by The Conservation Foundation","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d66e4b0236b68f98fa0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leopold, Luna Bergere","contributorId":93884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leopold","given":"Luna","email":"","middleInitial":"Bergere","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maddock, Thomas Jr.","contributorId":14402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maddock","given":"Thomas","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70047020,"text":"70047020 - 1953 - Chemical and physical quality examination","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":51314,"text":"ofr53149 - 1953 - Lake Erie pollution survey, chemical and physical quality","indexId":"ofr53149","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"title":"Lake Erie pollution survey, chemical and physical quality"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70047020,"text":"70047020 - 1953 - Chemical and physical quality examination","indexId":"70047020","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"chapter":"4","title":"Chemical and physical quality examination"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-27T17:43:24.926598","indexId":"70047020","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T15:37:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"4","title":"Chemical and physical quality examination","docAbstract":"In a balanced study of water pollution or water utilization a thorough chemical and physical examination is essential. This provides a basis for evaluation of stream conditions, their effects and remedies. Such information is of value to the general public who are interested in clean water and in recreation, hunting, fishing, and wildlife; to the chemist, engineer, hydrologist, and industrialist who are interested in the domestic and industrial use of water both as raw material and as a vehicle for the removal of waste materials; to the sanitarian who is interested in healthful conditions; and to the biologist who is interested in maintaining a favorable biological balance. For every living plant and animal there are optimum physical and chemical conditions and these characteristics are determining factors in the aquatic life of any body of water.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Lake Erie pollution survey. Final report.","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ohio Division of Water","usgsCitation":"Lamar, W., 1953, Chemical and physical quality examination, chap. 4 of Lake Erie pollution survey. Final report., p. 81-123.","productDescription":"43 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"123","costCenters":[{"id":629,"text":"Water Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274962,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Erie","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83.48,41.4 ], [ -83.48,43.26 ], [ -78.85,43.26 ], [ -78.85,41.4 ], [ -83.48,41.4 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51e12562e4b02f5cae2b736b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lamar, William","contributorId":85867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamar","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70047019,"text":"70047019 - 1953 - Hydrology of Lake Erie and tributaries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-27T17:42:20.353604","indexId":"70047019","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T15:26:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"2","title":"Hydrology of Lake Erie and tributaries","docAbstract":"The drainage area of the Great Lakes is equal to nearly one-tenth of the entire area of the United States; 58 percent of this area lies within the United States. The information in Table 3 affords a ready comparison of the land and water areas involved in the United States and Canada in the Great Lakes system. It will be noted that the total water surface is almost one-third of the entire drainage area and more than five-eighths of this water area is on the United States side of the international boundry. Throughout the history of the North American continent, the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence River have formed a navigable water system of tremendous social and economic importance, extending from the interior of the continent to the Atlantic Ocean.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Lake Erie pollution survey. Final report","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ohio Division of Water","publisherLocation":"Columbus, OH","usgsCitation":"Crawford, L.C., 1953, Hydrology of Lake Erie and tributaries, chap. 2 of Lake Erie pollution survey. Final report, p. 19-28.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"28","costCenters":[{"id":629,"text":"Water Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274961,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Erie","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83.48,41.4 ], [ -83.48,43.26 ], [ -78.85,43.26 ], [ -78.85,41.4 ], [ -83.48,41.4 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51e12568e4b02f5cae2b7392","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crawford, L. C.","contributorId":85577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":48,"text":"wsp1137D - 1953 - Floods of May-July 1950 in southeastern Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:11","indexId":"wsp1137D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1137","chapter":"D","title":"Floods of May-July 1950 in southeastern Nebraska","docAbstract":"Four floods occurred in southeast Nebraska during the period of May to July 1950. Two of these were the greatest known in the State if the size of the drainage areas is considered, and the other two were not so spectacular but were of notable size and of possible hydrologic significance in their relation to the two major floods. Although property loss and damage have been exceeded in previous floods in Nebraska, notably in the flood of May-June 1935 on the Republican River, they were extremely high in the period covered by this report. Loss of life, which resulted largely from the rapid cresting of the streams, was likewise high. \r\n\r\nEach of the floods was caused by heavy precipitation, which at times reached intensities seldom recorded in the Missouri River basin. On May 8, 1950, more than 14 inches of rain fell over certain areas of the Little Nemaha River basin within a period of a few hours. One center of the storm of July 8, 1950,occurred at York, Nebr., where 11 inches of rain was recorded within a 4-hour period, and the storm total exceeded 13 inches. \r\n\r\nNotable high rates of discharge produced by the intense rainfall were 1,030 cfs per square mile from 218 square miles of drainage area in the Little Nemaha River basin on May 9, 1950; 1,020 cfs per square mile from 2.5 square miles drainage area in the Elkhorn River basin on June 2, 1950; and 3,320 cfs per square mile from 6.93 square miles of drainage area in the Big Blue River basin on July 9, 1950. \r\n\r\nThis report presents records of stage and discharge for the flood. periods at 36 stream-gaging stations in southeast Nebraska, and a summary of peak discharges, with comparative data for previously known floods at 45 measurement points. The report also includes a discussion of the weather associated with the floods and other data pertinent to the floods.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1137D","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1953, Floods of May-July 1950 in southeastern Nebraska: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1137, 351-411 p. :ill., maps ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1137D.","productDescription":"351-411 p. :ill., maps ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137531,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1137d/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":24677,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1137d/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d9e4b07f02db5df949","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":527160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":50,"text":"wsp1137F - 1953 - Floods of November-December 1950 in the Central Valley basin, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-12T21:56:03.437077","indexId":"wsp1137F","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1137","chapter":"F","title":"Floods of November-December 1950 in the Central Valley basin, California","docAbstract":"The flood of November-December 1950 in the Central Valley basin was the greatest in most parts of the basin since the turn of the century and probably was exceeded in the lower San Joaquin River basin only by the historic flood of 1862. In respect to monetary loss, the 1950 flood was the most disastrous in the history of the basin. Loss of life was remarkably small when one considers the extensive damage and destruction to homes and other property, which is estimated at 33 million dollars. Outstanding features of the flood were its unprecedented occurrence so early in the winter flood season, its magnitude in respect to both peak and volume in most major tributaries, and the occurrence of a succession of near-peak flows with a period of three weeks. \r\n\r\nThe flood was caused by a series of storms during the period November 16 to December 8, which brought exceptionally warm, moisture-laden air inland against the Sierra Nevada range and caused intense rainfall, instead of snowfall, at unusually high altitudes. Basin-wide totals of rainfall during the period ranged from 30 inches over the Yuba and American River basins to 13 inches over the upper Sacramento and Feather River basins. \r\n\r\nBased on continuous records of discharge on major tributaries for periods ranging from 22 to 55 years and averaging about 43 years, the 1950 flood peaks were the greatest of record on the American, Cosumnes, Mokelumne, Stanislaus, Tuolumne, Merced, Chowchilla, Fresno, lower San Joaquin, Kings, Kaweah, Tule, and Kern Rivers. Second highest peak of record occurred during the flood of March 1928 on the Yuba, American and Mokelumne Rivers; the flood of Marcn 1940 on Cosumnes River; the flood of January 1911 on the Stanislaus and Tuolumne Rivers; the flood of December 1937 on the Merced, Kings, and Kaweah Rivers; the flood of March 1938 on the Chowchilla, Fresno, and lower San Joaquin Rivers; and the flood of March 1943 on the Tule and Kern Rivers. Peak discharges for 1950 did not exceed previous maxima on Bear, Yuba, Feather, and upper Sacramento Rivers, nor on west side tributaries of lower Sacramento River, Calaveras River, and upper San Joaquin River (above Friant Reservoir). \r\n\r\nNotable high rates of discharge were 354 cfs per square mile from 39.5 square miles in North Fork of Middle Fork Tule River, 225 cfs per square mile from 198 square miles in Rubicon River, 115 cfs per square mile from 999 square miles in North Fork of American River and 93.7 cfs per square mile from 1,921 square miles in American River at Fair Oaks. \r\n\r\nThis report presents a general description of the 1950 flood, details and estimates of the damage incurred, records of stage and discharge for the period of the flood at 171 stream-gaging stations, records of storage in 14 reservoirs, a summary of peak discharges with comparative data for previous floods at 252 measurement points, and tables showing crest stages along the main stem and major tributary channels of the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers. \r\n\r\nThe report also includes a discussion of meteorologic and hydrologic conditions associated with the flood, examples of the flood regulation afforded by storage reservoirs, a brief study of runoff characteristics, and a summary and comparison with previous floods in the Central Valley basin.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1137F","usgsCitation":"Paulsen, C.G., 1953, Floods of November-December 1950 in the Central Valley basin, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1137, Report: ix, 85 p.; 6 Plate: 29.00 x 35.50 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1137F.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 85 p.; 6 Plate: 29.00 x 35.50 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411810,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24230.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":24687,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1137f/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":24686,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1137f/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":24685,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1137f/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":24684,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1137f/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":24683,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1137f/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":24682,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1137f/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":24681,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1137f/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137395,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1137f/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Central Valley basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.00217681950107,\n 35.13952919516764\n ],\n [\n -118.44677630187559,\n 36.447316753430925\n ],\n [\n -120.27199477688288,\n 38.169213736701124\n ],\n [\n -121.83334007970987,\n 40.062197180496526\n ],\n [\n -121.87363587923997,\n 40.74570155104911\n ],\n [\n -122.73875148861515,\n 40.49630948575876\n ],\n [\n -122.72263734102694,\n 39.539602288586565\n ],\n [\n -121.46737875338653,\n 37.74605097908976\n ],\n [\n -120.18232868135271,\n 36.10951673244216\n ],\n [\n -119.33641582011342,\n 35.142729172215766\n ],\n [\n -119.00217681950107,\n 35.13952919516764\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d8e4b07f02db5df882","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paulsen, C. G.","contributorId":96239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paulsen","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":141874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3541,"text":"cir274 - 1953 - Water resources of the Minneapolis-St. Paul area, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-26T21:24:06.323848","indexId":"cir274","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"274","title":"Water resources of the Minneapolis-St. Paul area, Minnesota","docAbstract":"

The water supply of the Minneapolis-St. Paul area is adequate to satisfy present requirements and requirements for many years to come if the area continues to develop at about the present rate.

\n

The flow of -the Mississippi River at the Twin Cities is more than sufficient to meet the demands of the water-supply systems of Minneapolis and St. Paul. The lowest momentary flow during the period 1931-51 was more than twice the present combined maximum demand of Minneapolis and St. Paul. The lake storage of the St. Paul system combined with possible regulations by the Mississippi River headwater reservoir system, in case of an emergency, provides a reserve supply ample to meet a greatly expanded demand. The lowest average daily flow of the Mississippi River at the intakes of the Minneapolis and St. Paul water supply was 389 mgd (602 cfs), The flow at the water supply intakes has been less than 452 mgd (700 cfs) for not more than 6 consecutive days.

\n

Except for the Mississippi River, the streams in the Twin Cities area have not been extensively developed for water supply. The only known use of them for water supply is for the steam-electric. generating plant on the Minnesota River at Savage. Thus, the St. Croix River, within 12 miles on the east, the Minnesota River entering the Twin Cities from the southwest, the Vermilion within 12 miles on the south, and the Crow River within 25 miles on the west offer untapped supplies for industrial and municipal uses.

\n

Many water-bearing formations occur in the area. A blanket of glacial deposits, as much as 400 feet thick, covers the area. Small domestic ground-water supplies can be developed practically everywhere in the glacial deposits, and larger industrial supplies can be obtained by exploring and testing. Below the glacial materials is a thick series of rock formations including several prolific sandstone aquifers. The formations dip toward the center of the area forming an artesian basin.

\n

The estimated average daily withdrawal of ground water from all aquifers in the area is about 90 mgd. Practically all the communities that are not supplied by the Minneapolis or St. Paul water-supply systems obtain their water from wells.

\n

Where many large-capacity wells have been concentrated in relatively small areas, there has been a great lowering of artesian pressures. However, there are large areas, distant from the centers of concentrated pumping, which are favorable for the development of additional ground water. With an adequate program of exploration and testing to determine precisely the geologic and hydrologic characteristics of the waterbearing formations, it is likely that large additional supplies of ground water can be developed for municipal and industrial uses.

\n

Both Minneapolis and St. Paul obtain their municipal water supplies from the Mississippi River above the TwinCities and are thus assured of a large supply that is not subject to contamination by industrial wastes and sewage effluents, Treatment at municipal plants for both cities provides water for diversified industrial use and for domestic use that meets U. S. Public Health Service drinking water standards., The treated water is remarkably uniform in chemical composition throughout the year and is virtually free of all color, iron, manganese, and turbidity. Currently, (1952). the two supplies are softened to about 75 ppm (as CaC03), which is an average reduction of about 55 percent in hardness of river water. The dissolvedsolids content of the treated water for St. Paul currently (1952) averages about 100 ppm; the dissolved-solids content of the Minneapolis water is slightly higher. As a matter of further interest to industrial consumers, temperatures of the untreated river water, which is only slightly altered at the Minneapolis treatment plant, averages less than 60 F for about 8 months of the year and is less than 40 F for 4 winter months.

\n

The Mississippi River as it enters the Twin Cities is moderately mineralized, averaging 241 ppm dissolved solids and 179 ppm hardness during the period 1940-49, Average turbidity is very low and silica is moderately low, but the quantities of iron and color in solution are relatively high. Color increases markedly during the period March to July in response to an increase in streamflow. The average chemical composition of the water has remained virtually unchanged except for seasonal variations since 1907.

\n

Data collected by the Minneapolis-St. Paul Sanitary District have shown improved sanitary conditions of the river at the Twin Cities lock and dam since the sewage plant went into operation in 1939.

\n

The Minnesota River is more than twice as mineralized and hard as the Mississippi River, and it exerts a noticeable effect on the chemical and sanitary quality of the Mississippi River at St. Paul.

\n

Other principal tributary streams to the Mississippi River, including Crow River, Vermilion River, and Bassett Creek, were sampled during the 1952 flood season, at which time they were of the calcium-bicarbonate type, more dilute, and of lower hardness than the Minnesota River. Lake waters in the Twin Cities area generally are less mineralized than those of the streams.

\n

Waters from the drift deposits and bedrock formations overlying the Hinckley sandstone are hard and calcareous and generally contain troublesome quantities of iron. Regular treatment is required of some public-supply wells for removal of iron encrustations. Water fr.om these sources generally exceeds 300 ppm hardness, but in some places the St. Peter sandstone and St. Lawrence formation yield water of better quality. The Hinckley sandstone yields the best quality ground-water because of its comparatively lower hardness and uniform temperature (about 52 F). However, the average hardness of the treated municipal supplies of St. Paul and Minneapolis is considerably less than water from the Hinckley.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/cir274","collaboration":"Based on data collected in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Conservation, Division of Waters and St. Paul District, Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army","usgsCitation":"Prior, C.H., Schneider, R., and Durum, W.H., 1953, Water resources of the Minneapolis-St. Paul area, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 274, Report: 49 p.; 3 Plates: 22.00 x 16.94 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/cir274.","productDescription":"Report: 49 p.; 3 Plates: 22.00 x 16.94 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":408780,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_23664.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":30559,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1953/0274/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":30558,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1953/0274/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":30557,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1953/0274/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":126443,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1953/0274/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":247311,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1953/0274/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"Minneapolis, St. Paul","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.76968383789062,\n 44.630550504861795\n ],\n [\n -93.76968383789062,\n 45.298075138707965\n ],\n [\n -92.73971557617188,\n 45.298075138707965\n ],\n [\n -92.73971557617188,\n 44.630550504861795\n ],\n [\n -93.76968383789062,\n 44.630550504861795\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602c54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prior, Charles Henry","contributorId":6839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prior","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"Henry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schneider, Robert","contributorId":102460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Durum, W. H.","contributorId":78311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durum","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":68220,"text":"ha2 - 1953 - Areas of principal ground-water investigations in the Arkansas, White, and Red River basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:15","indexId":"ha2","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2","title":"Areas of principal ground-water investigations in the Arkansas, White, and Red River basins","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ha2","usgsCitation":"Lohman, S.W., and Burtis, V.M., 1953, Areas of principal ground-water investigations in the Arkansas, White, and Red River basins: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 2, 1 col. map ;40 x 61 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ha2.","productDescription":"1 col. map ;40 x 61 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":252273,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/002/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":251449,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/002/report.pdf","size":"5075","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"2500000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106,31 ], [ -106,39 ], [ -91,39 ], [ -91,31 ], [ -106,31 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abce4b07f02db6730fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lohman, Stanley William","contributorId":53361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lohman","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":277863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burtis, V. M.","contributorId":92349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burtis","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":277864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":51372,"text":"ofr53214 - 1953 - A geologic and hydrologic study of Shackham watershed, New York State","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:29","indexId":"ofr53214","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"53-214","title":"A geologic and hydrologic study of Shackham watershed, New York State","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr53214","usgsCitation":"Outlaw, D., 1953, A geologic and hydrologic study of Shackham watershed, New York State: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 53-214, 182 p., 25 plates, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr53214.","productDescription":"182 p., 25 plates","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178315,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae688","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Outlaw, D.E.","contributorId":100939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Outlaw","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":51575,"text":"ofr53255 - 1953 - Hydrologic characteristics of Lake Tarpon area, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:28","indexId":"ofr53255","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"53-255","title":"Hydrologic characteristics of Lake Tarpon area, Florida","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr53255","usgsCitation":"Taylor, R., 1953, Hydrologic characteristics of Lake Tarpon area, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 53-255, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr53255.","productDescription":"30 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178309,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683637","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, R.L.","contributorId":34559,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":68221,"text":"ha3 - 1953 - General availability of ground water and depth to water level in the Arkansas, White, and Red River basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-28T21:53:31.584647","indexId":"ha3","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3","title":"General availability of ground water and depth to water level in the Arkansas, White, and Red River basins","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ha3","usgsCitation":"Lohman, S.W., and Burtis, V.M., 1953, General availability of ground water and depth to water level in the Arkansas, White, and Red River basins: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 3, 1 Plate: 26.85 × 21.94 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ha3.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 26.85 × 21.94 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":187946,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":409763,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_15670.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":89573,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/003/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"2500000","country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Arkansas, White, and Red River basins","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.25,\n 31\n ],\n [\n -106.25,\n 39.3780\n ],\n [\n -90,\n 39.3780\n ],\n [\n -90,\n 31\n ],\n [\n -106.25,\n 31\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4963","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lohman, Stanley William","contributorId":53361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lohman","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":277865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burtis, V. M.","contributorId":92349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burtis","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":277866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70175963,"text":"ofrND27 - 1952 - Geology and hydrology of the Kanopolis Unit in Ellsworth, McPherson, and Saline Counties, Kansas, with a section on The chemical quality of the water, by R.A. Krieger","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T08:49:32","indexId":"ofrND27","displayToPublicDate":"2010-07-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"ND-27","title":"Geology and hydrology of the Kanopolis Unit in Ellsworth, McPherson, and Saline Counties, Kansas, with a section on The chemical quality of the water, by R.A. Krieger","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Society","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","doi":"10.3133/ofrND27","usgsCitation":"Waterman, W., and Krieger, R.A., 1952, Geology and hydrology of the Kanopolis Unit in Ellsworth, McPherson, and Saline Counties, Kansas, with a section on The chemical quality of the water, by R.A. Krieger: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report ND-27, 186 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofrND27.","productDescription":"186 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327401,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57bd73dce4b03fd6b7df2cf1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waterman, W.D.","contributorId":103353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waterman","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krieger, R. A.","contributorId":11202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krieger","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":51179,"text":"ofr52132 - 1952 - Reconnaissance of the geology and ground-water hydrology of the Belle Fourche irrigation project, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:27","indexId":"ofr52132","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"52-132","title":"Reconnaissance of the geology and ground-water hydrology of the Belle Fourche irrigation project, South Dakota","docAbstract":"The Belle Fourche irrigation project is in western South Dakota on the plains adjacent to the northeastern edge of the Black Hills. The project is drained by the Belle Fourche River and is characterized generally by broad shallow valleys that lie between hills with gentle slopes. The climate is semiarid. \r\n\r\nMost of the area is mantled by residual clay, terrace deposits, and alluvium. The terrace deposits contain much water and are the most permeable deposits in the project area. The alluvial deposits of the Belle Fourche River and of the creeks south of the river contain much sand and gravel and are relatively permeable. The alluvium of the creeks north of the river is predominantly clay and is only slightly permeable; it greatly resembles the residual clay of the weathered bedrock formations, which are mostly shale in this area. \r\n\r\nAlthough relatively abundant ground water is found in the unconsolidated materials above the bedrock formations, the ground water from the clayey deposits generally contains too great a concentration of objectionable salts to be fit for human or livestock consumption. The ground water in the more coarse materials is of better quality and in some small areas is satisfactory for domestic use. Most of the water for domestic use is hauled from deep artesian wells within the area.\r\n\r\nThe chief source of ground water is seepage from irrigation canals in the terrace and alluvial deposits. When this water moves to areas of lower permeability a correspondingly greater rise of the water table compensates for the lower permeability and results in the waterlogging of many areas. Open drainage ditches have been constructed in all large areas that are affected by high ground-water levels. Except in those areas that are underlain predominantly by clayey materials, these ditches usually have proven to be satisfactory for the control of ground-water levels. However, lining the canals seems to be a more satisfactory method of preventing the seepage that causes high ground-water levels. \r\n\r\nA detailed investigation should be made of ground-water conditions in the Belle Fourche project area. Additional observation wells should be installed so that the effectiveness of the ground-water control measures can be determined.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr52132","usgsCitation":"Rosier, A.J., 1952, Reconnaissance of the geology and ground-water hydrology of the Belle Fourche irrigation project, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 52-132, 34 p., 2 plates, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr52132.","productDescription":"34 p., 2 plates","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":179146,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1952/0132/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":86473,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1952/0132/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":86474,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1952/0132/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db6247dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosier, Arthur J.","contributorId":69537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosier","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":51156,"text":"ofr5298 - 1952 - Geology and hydrology of dam sites on the island of St. Croix, Virgin Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-10T18:23:33.828929","indexId":"ofr5298","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"52-98","title":"Geology and hydrology of dam sites on the island of St. Croix, Virgin Islands","docAbstract":"

The Virgin Islands Corporation plans to build a series of small earth dams along some of the streams on the island of St. Croix, and field studies involving the selection and hydrology of possible sites was carried on by the Geological Survey during the months of August and September 1951. The island of St. Croix is the largest of the three principal islands of the Virgin. Islands group owned by the United States. It is about 21 miles long and 6 miles wide near the center and has an area of about 84 square miles. The northwestern part of the island contains mountains that reach a maximum altitude of 1,165 feet; the eastern half of the island is submountainous, containing some hills 600 to 800 feet in altitude. A coastal lowland area containing a few east-west trending marl and limestone hills characterizes the southwestern part of the island. The streams in the east half of the island and along the northwest coast are relatively short and are dry during most of the year. The streams draining the mountains from the south cross the coastal lowland in narrow and shallow ditches. The southeastward drainage from the eastern part of the mountainous area is diverted by Salt River and enters the sea on the north coast of the island. In the headwaters of some streams there is a small flow of water during most of the year that disappears below the surface upstream from or near the foot of the mountains. During most of the year the streams are essentially dry, flowing only after periods of heavy rainfall.

In the coastal lowland near Bethlehem the average annual rainfall is about 46 inches. The east end of the island is relatively dry and the precipitation is estimated to be approximately 20 inches annually; the northwestern end of the island receives the most rainfall, probably more than 50 inches annually. Records show that from 1861 to 1876 there was deficient rainfall and the accumulated departure below normal was about 56 inches (fig. 2). From 1876 to 1920 there were numerous years of above -normal precipitation and the departure curve rose nearly 100 inches, to more than 40 inches above normal. From 1936 to 1950 there has been a more or less continuous decline in rainfall, amounting to a net deficiency of 72 inches, or from 44 inches above to 28 inches below normal. These changes in rainfall have a direct effect on the volume of stream flow an island.

There are two general rock types on the island. The Mount Eagle volcanics and the intruded diorite are hard, dense crystalline rocks; the rock's underlying the coastal lowland and belt of hills between Salt River and Christiansted are sedimentary rocks, such as marl, limestone, sand, gravel, and clay. The permeability of the crystalline rocks and of the gray clay and basal conglomerate of the Jealousy formation is low and they are water bearing in few places. The Kingshill formation is composed of light-gray clay and light-yellow marl and included beds of limestone. In places the limestone contains solutional openings that yield water to wells. The alluvial sand, gravel, and clay that unconformably overlie the Kingshill marl include permeable beds that yield relatively large quantities of water to wells in a few places.

It is evident from the small stream flow that by far the greatest part of the 46-inch average annual precipitation on the island is returned to the atmosphere through evaporation and transpiration. There are no records of stream flaw or ground-water flow from the drainage basins, but it is estimated that in some years the amount of water lost through evaporation and transpiration may be more than 90 percent of the total water available. It is proposed that a program be started and continued to collect and evaluate data on the hydrology of the island.

The purpose of the dam-building program is to retain on the land a part of the water that formerly flowed to the sea and was of no beneficial use. Owing to the lack of hydrologic data, the maximum number of dams needed is not known; consequently, practically all possible sites on publicly owned land and sites that would benefit those lands were studied. Thus, 3 sites were selected in the valley near Little Grange that is a source of supply to the public-supply well field of Frederiksted; 19 sites were selected on or near property owned by the Virgin Islands Corporation; and 4 sites were selected along the Salt River above the public-supply well field of Christiansted. During most of the year the water table is at or below the beds of the streams; consequently, if permeable rocks underlie a pond or dam it is possible that there may be leakage from the pond to the water table. In general, leakage from dam sites underlain by crystalline rocks of the fount Eagle volcanics or clay of the Kingshill marl will be negligible, but leakage from sites underlain by limestone in the Kingshill marl or sand and gravel of the alluvium may be great. Potential leakage at each site selected is discussed.

","language":"English","doi":"10.3133/ofr5298","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Office of Territories United States Department of the Interior","usgsCitation":"Meyer, R.R., 1952, Geology and hydrology of dam sites on the island of St. Croix, Virgin Islands: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 52-98, 67 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5298.","productDescription":"67 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":430902,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1952/0098/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":177166,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1952/0098/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virgin Islands","otherGeospatial":"St. Croix","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -64.91293924634013,\n 17.802398867836004\n ],\n [\n -64.91293924634013,\n 17.65497511341303\n ],\n [\n -64.56284831047668,\n 17.65497511341303\n ],\n [\n -64.56284831047668,\n 17.802398867836004\n ],\n [\n -64.91293924634013,\n 17.802398867836004\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4671","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyer, R. R.","contributorId":20725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":51158,"text":"ofr52101 - 1952 - Progress report on the geology and ground-water hydrology of the Riverton irrigation project, Wyoming, with a section on the chemical quality of the water","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":51158,"text":"ofr52101 - 1952 - Progress report on the geology and ground-water hydrology of the Riverton irrigation project, Wyoming, with a section on the chemical quality of the water","indexId":"ofr52101","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"title":"Progress report on the geology and ground-water hydrology of the Riverton irrigation project, Wyoming, with a section on the chemical quality of the water"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2336,"text":"wsp1375 - 1959 - Ground-water resources of Riverton irrigation project area, Wyoming, with a section on chemical quality of ground water","indexId":"wsp1375","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water resources of Riverton irrigation project area, Wyoming, with a section on chemical quality of ground water"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":2336,"text":"wsp1375 - 1959 - Ground-water resources of Riverton irrigation project area, Wyoming, with a section on chemical quality of ground water","indexId":"wsp1375","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water resources of Riverton irrigation project area, Wyoming, with a section on chemical quality of ground water"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:35","indexId":"ofr52101","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"52-101","title":"Progress report on the geology and ground-water hydrology of the Riverton irrigation project, Wyoming, with a section on the chemical quality of the water","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr52101","usgsCitation":"Morris, D.A., Hackett, O.M., and Durum, W.H., 1952, Progress report on the geology and ground-water hydrology of the Riverton irrigation project, Wyoming, with a section on the chemical quality of the water (Superceded by: W-1375): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 52-101, 208 p., 2 plates, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr52101.","productDescription":"208 p., 2 plates","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":177691,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Superceded by: W-1375","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65dd65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morris, D. A.","contributorId":56204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hackett, O. M.","contributorId":38527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackett","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Durum, W. H.","contributorId":78311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durum","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":51100,"text":"ofr5219 - 1952 - Ground-water hydrology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:30","indexId":"ofr5219","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"52-19","title":"Ground-water hydrology","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr5219","usgsCitation":"Broadhurst, W., 1952, Ground-water hydrology: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 52-19, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5219.","productDescription":"8 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":179083,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db668cab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Broadhurst, W. L.","contributorId":55414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Broadhurst","given":"W. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":51141,"text":"ofr5284 - 1952 - The Lincoln hydrologic laboratory, Lincoln, Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:23","indexId":"ofr5284","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"52-84","title":"The Lincoln hydrologic laboratory, Lincoln, Nebraska","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr5284","usgsCitation":"Johnson, A., 1952, The Lincoln hydrologic laboratory, Lincoln, Nebraska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 52-84, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5284.","productDescription":"10 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":179609,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bbc7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, A.I.","contributorId":82676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"A.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3366,"text":"cir129 - 1952 - Hydrologic reconnaissance of the Green River in Utah and Colorado","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":52980,"text":"ofr5099 - 1950 - Hydrologic reconnaissance of the Green River in Utah and Colorado","indexId":"ofr5099","publicationYear":"1950","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrologic reconnaissance of the Green River in Utah and Colorado"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":3366,"text":"cir129 - 1952 - Hydrologic reconnaissance of the Green River in Utah and Colorado","indexId":"cir129","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrologic reconnaissance of the Green River in Utah and Colorado"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-21T15:52:17","indexId":"cir129","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"129","title":"Hydrologic reconnaissance of the Green River in Utah and Colorado","docAbstract":"

The Green River, rising in Wyoming and draining high mountains in that state, northeast Utah and northwest Colorado, is a major tributary of the Colorado River. In the late summer, after the snow has melted from these mountains, the flow in the Green River reaches its minimum for the year. At that time a large proportion of the water in the river is returned to the atmosphere by evaporation and transpiration.

During a 21-day period in September 1948, when the flow was least for the year, the average flow of the river as it entered Utah from Wyoming was 515 cfs. In the 437 miles of its course through Utah and Colorado evapotranspiration losses averaged 430 cfs. The average discharge of the Green River into the Colorado was about 975 cfs. Contributions to the river in Utah and Colorado totalled 890 cfsi including 560 from tributaries. The calculated ground-water inflow was about 330 cfs, of which about 75 percent was contributed within the Uinta Basin. Verv little ground water was contributed to the river in the lower 180 miles of its course, where the river flows through canyon lands of the Colorado Plateaus.

These estimates are based upon information collected during a boat reconnaissance in September 1948, and upon data available from stream-gaging stations along the Green River and many of its tributaries. From these data an accounting was made of the water--as to both quantity and quality--in several segments of the river. For each segment determinations were made of the surface outflow, loss by evapotranspiration, and surface- and ground-water inflow. During the reconnaissance information was also obtained as to the relation of stream flow to regional geology and ground-water hydrology.

No detailed hydrologic studies have yet been made within the drainage basin of the Green River. On the basis of this recomiaissance, detailed studies in the Uinta Basin, Browns Park, and Echo Park areas are recommended as highly desirable, because of the possible relations of ground-water hydrology to river-basin development projects. Similar reconnaissance can be of value in delineating the areas where detailed hydrologic studies would be most fruitful throughout the upper Colorado River basin.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/cir129","usgsCitation":"Thomas, H.E., 1952, Hydrologic reconnaissance of the Green River in Utah and Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 129, Report: iv, 32 p.; 1 Plate: 13.88 x 13.42 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/cir129.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 32 p.; 1 Plate: 13.88 x 13.42 inches","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":30376,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/0129/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138602,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/0129/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":271087,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/0129/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Green River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -0.01638888888888889,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -0.01638888888888889,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -0.016666666666666666,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -0.016666666666666666,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -0.01638888888888889,8.333333333333334E-4 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db605548","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, H. E.","contributorId":12829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70217842,"text":"70217842 - 1952 - Discussion of “tide‐producing forces and artesian pressures”","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-05T18:44:33.420843","indexId":"70217842","displayToPublicDate":"1952-08-01T12:40:56","publicationYear":"1952","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Discussion of “tide‐producing forces and artesian pressures”","docAbstract":"

I was an employee of the Texas State Board of Water Engineers in charge of the Fort Stockton field office at the time that the data for this paper were gathered. Since I have done both extensive and detailed ground‐water work in the Fort Stockton area, including the setting and maintaining of the water‐stage recorder at the Gonzales well, I believe I can add some pertinent hydrologic remarks about this paper.

The authors state that the principal water‐bearing formation is a limestone. This opinion is not shared by myself and most likely the majority of other geologists in this area. Adkins [1927] favored the basal Cretaceous sands as the principal source of water to Comanche Springs. I believe that the most extensive and the principal water‐bearing formation is a sand and sandstone. The crevices and channels reported in wells and exposed at the springs are only a localized condition resulting from structural weakness and solution caused by a high water surface. The piezometric surface in sand and crevice wells is essentially identical; this suggests that there exists but one principal aquifer in this area. W.N. White, former District Geologist in Texas for the U.S. Geological Survey, in a personal communication to me in 1948, reported Comanche Springs to be the most reliable springs in Texas. This reliable flow strongly supports the concept of a sand aquifer, whose catchment area, or source, is of vast and varied extent, and a great distance from its outlet.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR033i004p00597","usgsCitation":"Culbertson, T., George, W., and Romberg, F.E., 1952, Discussion of “tide‐producing forces and artesian pressures”: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 33, no. 4, p. 597-600, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR033i004p00597.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"597","endPage":"600","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":383059,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Culbertson, Tom","contributorId":248797,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Culbertson","given":"Tom","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":809882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"George, William O.","contributorId":106016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"George","given":"William O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":809883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Romberg, Frederick E.","contributorId":248796,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Romberg","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":809884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":72126,"text":"tem270 - 1951 - Preliminary report on the correlation between gamma-ray logs and permeability logs of the ore-bearing sandstone in the Morrison Formation Calamity Mesa, Mesa County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-28T13:58:05","indexId":"tem270","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-07T11:35:00","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":338,"text":"Trace Elements Memorandum","code":"TEM","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"270","title":"Preliminary report on the correlation between gamma-ray logs and permeability logs of the ore-bearing sandstone in the Morrison Formation Calamity Mesa, Mesa County, Colorado","docAbstract":"A study of the hydrologic properties and geologic relations of the\nore-bearing sandstone in the Salt Wash sandstone member of the Morrison\nformation has been undertaken because uranium and vanadium are believed\nto have been introduced into the sandstone by circulating ground water.\nThis report describes the geologic and hydrologic characteristics\nof the ore-bearing sandstone as determined in the core samples from three\ndiamond-drill holes on Calamity Mesa, Mesa County, Colo., and correlates\nthese data with localized gamma-ray activity detected in the three drill\nholes. These data are illustrated on figure 1 by the combined geologic,\npermeability, porosity, and gamma-ray logs.\nThis study is part of the program of geologic studies on the\nColorado Plateau conducted by the Geological Survey on behalf of the Atomic\nEnergy Commission. This preliminary report describing the results of this\nstudy has benefited from the suggestions and criticisms of L. B. Riley of\nthe Geological Survey.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tem270","usgsCitation":"Phoenix, D.A., 1951, Preliminary report on the correlation between gamma-ray logs and permeability logs of the ore-bearing sandstone in the Morrison Formation Calamity Mesa, Mesa County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Trace Elements Memorandum 270, Report: 8 p.; Plate: 30.20 inches x 22.90 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/tem270.","productDescription":"Report: 8 p.; Plate: 30.20 inches x 22.90 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":278919,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0270/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":282996,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0270/plate-1.pdf"},{"id":282995,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0270/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Mesa County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.0603,38.5 ], [ -109.0603,39.3667 ], [ -107.3775,39.3667 ], [ -107.3775,38.5 ], [ -109.0603,38.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"527cc492e4b0850ea050ce9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phoenix, David A.","contributorId":79156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phoenix","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":51052,"text":"ofr51153 - 1951 - Basic hydrologic data: Temperature of water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:23","indexId":"ofr51153","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"51-153","title":"Basic hydrologic data: Temperature of water","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr51153","usgsCitation":"Thomas, H.E., 1951, Basic hydrologic data: Temperature of water: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 51-153, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr51153.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178933,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db6485f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, H. E.","contributorId":12829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":51034,"text":"ofr51137 - 1951 - Memorandum concerning hydrologic studies needed in the Virgin Islands, with an addendum on Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-22T14:35:23","indexId":"ofr51137","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"51-137","title":"Memorandum concerning hydrologic studies needed in the Virgin Islands, with an addendum on Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"

No abstract available. 

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr51137","usgsCitation":"McGuinness, C.L., 1951, Memorandum concerning hydrologic studies needed in the Virgin Islands, with an addendum on Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 51-137, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr51137.","productDescription":"10 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178965,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1951/0137/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":369484,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1951/0137/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"otherGeospatial":"Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -67.60986328125,\n 17.24574420800713\n ],\n [\n -63.80859374999999,\n 17.24574420800713\n ],\n [\n -63.80859374999999,\n 18.8543103618898\n ],\n [\n -67.60986328125,\n 18.8543103618898\n ],\n [\n -67.60986328125,\n 17.24574420800713\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a28e4b07f02db611204","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGuinness, C. L.","contributorId":20313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuinness","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":51028,"text":"ofr51131 - 1951 - Pumping test at Levittown, Nassau County, New York, September 16-18, 1949","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-04T23:05:56.813024","indexId":"ofr51131","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"51-131","title":"Pumping test at Levittown, Nassau County, New York, September 16-18, 1949","docAbstract":"

This report presents and discusses the quantitative and qualitative data obtained during a pumping test at the Levittown housing development in Nassau County, N. Y. One of the ten principal supply wells, screened in the sands of the Magothy (?) formation which is overlain unconformably by the sand and gravel of the upper Pleistocene deposits, was pumped for more than 24 hours at a rate of 790 gallons per minute. During this time the development of the cone of depression extended a distance of more than 1,000 feet from the pumping well. A coefficient of transmissibility of 245,0W gallons per day per foot was computed and a coefficient of storage of 0.13 was determined at the site of the pumping test.

The qualitative results show that the two aquifers at the pumping-test site, that is, the sand and gravel of the upper Pleistocene deposits and the underlying sands of the Magothy (?) formation, function essentially as one hydrologic unit. Such information, together with other data of this kind, assumes importance when it is realized that the New York rater Power and Control Commission by regulation considers every aquifer as a separate and distinct hydrologic unit. It thus requires the return of water pumped for cooling and other similar uses to the same aquifer from which the water taken, unless sufficient evidence is obtained to show that two adjacent aquifers function as a single hydrologic unit.

Sufficient data were obtained during the test to suggest that perhaps about 14 feet of the 19.7 feet measured as drawdown in the pumped well is attributable to well and screen losses. 

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr51131","usgsCitation":"Lusczynski, N., 1951, Pumping test at Levittown, Nassau County, New York, September 16-18, 1949: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 51-131, Report: 8 p., 10 Plates: 9.36 x 7.93 inches or smaller, 3 Tables: 10.27 x 7.40 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr51131.","productDescription":"Report: 8 p., 10 Plates: 9.36 x 7.93 inches or smaller, 3 Tables: 10.27 x 7.40 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":383997,"rank":15,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1951/0131/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":383996,"rank":14,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1951/0131/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":383995,"rank":13,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1951/0131/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":383994,"rank":12,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1951/0131/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":383993,"rank":11,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1951/0131/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":178959,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1951/0131/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":383992,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1951/0131/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":383991,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1951/0131/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":383990,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1951/0131/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":383989,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1951/0131/plate-8.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":383988,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1951/0131/plate-9.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":383987,"rank":5,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1951/0131/Table-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":383986,"rank":4,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1951/0131/Table-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":383985,"rank":3,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1951/0131/Table-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":383984,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1951/0131/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Nassau County","city":"Levittown","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.53080749511717,\n 40.7189000170401\n ],\n [\n -73.49716186523438,\n 40.7189000170401\n ],\n [\n -73.49716186523438,\n 40.72982797782921\n ],\n [\n -73.53080749511717,\n 40.72982797782921\n ],\n [\n -73.53080749511717,\n 40.7189000170401\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a90e4b07f02db655ad9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lusczynski, N.J.","contributorId":10779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lusczynski","given":"N.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3661,"text":"cir117 - 1951 - Water law, with special reference to ground water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-15T14:42:05","indexId":"cir117","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"117","title":"Water law, with special reference to ground water","docAbstract":"

This report was prepared in July 1950 at the request of the President's Water Resources Policy Commission. It followed the report entitled Water facts in relation to a national water-resources policy,\" which, in part, has been published as Geological Survey Circular 114 under the title \"The water situation in the United States, with special reference to ground water.''

\n

The only changes made in preparing this report for publication as a circular were revision of the sections on Idaho, Indiana, Massachusetts, Montana, New Mexico, Oregon, and Texas, to bring them up to date.

\n

This report discusses some of the problems in the field of water law and summarizes briefly the laws providing for the acquiring, of water rights in the different States. The need for consideration of the subject is brought out in Circular 114. In that report it was pointed out that: (1) The use of water in the United States is increasing rapidly and undoubtedly will continue to do so; (2) ground water must meet a large and perhaps an increasing share of our water demands; (3) the full development of the water resources of ever more numerous and larger areas will require manipulation of stream systems and ground-water reservoirs to protect them from overdevelopment or pollution and to increase and maintain their yield of water of good quality; and (4) such manipulation, as well as the protection of existing rights, requires control of water use by means of hydrologically sound statutes.

\n

 

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/cir117","usgsCitation":"McGuinness, C.L., 1951, Water law, with special reference to ground water: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 117, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir117.","productDescription":"30 p.","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138662,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/0117/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":272590,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/0117/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa01a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGuinness, C. L.","contributorId":20313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuinness","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":4151,"text":"cir90 - 1951 - Coking-coal deposits of the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:46","indexId":"cir90","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1951","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90","title":"Coking-coal deposits of the western United States","docAbstract":"Geohydrologic systems in the Anadarko basin in the central United States are controlled by topography, climate, geologic structures, and aquifer hydraulic properties, all of which are the result of past geologic and hydrologic processes, including tectonics and diagenesis. From Late Cambrian through Middle Ordovician time, a generally transgressive but cyclic sea covered the area. The first deposits were permeable sand, followed by calcareous mud. During periods of sea transgression, burial diagenesis decreased porosity and permeability. During Pennsylvanian time, rapid sedimentation accompanied rapid subsidence in the Anadarko basin. A geopressure zone probably resulted when sediments with little permeability trapped depositional water in Lower Pennsylvanian sands. Burial diagenesis included compaction and thermal alteration of deeply buried organic material, which released carbon dioxide, water, and hydrocarbons. By Middle Pennsylvanian time, the sea had submerged most of the central United States, including the Ozarks, as tectonic activity reached its maximum. During Late Pennsylvanian and Early Permian time, the Ouachita uplift had been formed and was higher than the Ozarks. Uplift was accompanied by a regional upward tilt toward the Ouachita-Ozarks area; the sea receded westward, depositing large quantities of calcareous mud and clay, and precipitating evaporitic material in the restricted-circulation environment. By the end of Permian time, > 20,000 ft of Pennsylvanian and Permian sediments had been deposited in the Anadarko basin. These thick sediments caused rapid and extreme burial diagensis, including alteration of organic material During Permian time in the Ozarks area, development of the Ozark Plateau aquifer system commenced in the permeable Cambrian-Mississippian rocks near the St. Francois Mountains as the Pennsylvanian confining material was removed. Since Permian time, uplift diagenesis has been more active than burial diagenesis in the Anadarko basin. Synopsis of paleohydrologic interpretation indicates that Cambrian-Mississippian rocks in the Anadarko basin should be relatively impermeable, except for local secondary permeability, because rocks in the basin have undergone little uplift diagenesis. (Lantz-PTT)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"[U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/cir90","usgsCitation":"Berryhill, L.R., and Averitt, P., 1951, Coking-coal deposits of the western United States: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 90, i, 20 p. :map., diagr. ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir90.","productDescription":"i, 20 p. :map., diagr. ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123576,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1951/0090/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31257,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1951/0090/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae942","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berryhill, Louise R.","contributorId":37727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berryhill","given":"Louise","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Averitt, Paul","contributorId":12464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Averitt","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}