{"pageNumber":"651","pageRowStart":"16250","pageSize":"25","recordCount":69039,"records":[{"id":70043511,"text":"70043511 - 2012 - Evolution of the chemistry of Fe bearing waters during CO<sub>2</sub> degassing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-14T12:14:28","indexId":"70043511","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evolution of the chemistry of Fe bearing waters during CO<sub>2</sub> degassing","docAbstract":"The rates of Fe(II) oxidation and precipitation from groundwater are highly pH dependent. Elevated levels of dissolved CO<sub>2</sub> can depress pH and cause difficulty in removing dissolved Fe and associated metals during treatment of ferruginous water. This paper demonstrates interdependent changes in pH, dissolved inorganic C species, and Fe(II) oxidation rates that occur as a result of the removal (degassing) of CO<sub>2</sub> during aeration of waters discharged from abandoned coal mines. The results of field monitoring of aeration cascades at a treatment facility as well as batchwise aeration experiments conducted using net alkaline and net acidic waters in the UK are combined with geochemical modelling to demonstrate the spatial and temporal evolution of the discharge water chemistry. The aeration cascades removed approximately 67% of the dissolved CO<sub>2</sub> initially present but varying the design did not affect the concentration of Fe(II) leaving the treatment ponds. Continued removal of the residual CO<sub>2</sub> by mechanical aeration increased pH by as much as 2 units and resulted in large increases in the rates of Fe(II) oxidation and precipitation. Effective exsolution of CO<sub>2</sub> led to a reduction in the required lime dose for removal of remaining Fe(II), a very important factor with regard to increasing the sustainability of treatment practices. An important ancillary finding for passive treatment is that varying the design of the cascades had little impact on the rate of CO<sub>2</sub> removal at the flow rates measured.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2012.07.017","usgsCitation":"Geroni, J., Cravotta, C., and Sapsford, D., 2012, Evolution of the chemistry of Fe bearing waters during CO<sub>2</sub> degassing: Applied Geochemistry, v. 27, no. 12, p. 2335-2347, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2012.07.017.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"2335","endPage":"2347","ipdsId":"IP-036541","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272240,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272238,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2012.07.017"}],"volume":"27","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd58abe4b0b290850f83e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Geroni, J.N.","contributorId":21054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geroni","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cravotta, C.A. III","contributorId":18405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cravotta","given":"C.A.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sapsford, D.J.","contributorId":85490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sapsford","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70041886,"text":"70041886 - 2012 - Habitat use by fishes of Lake Superior. I. Diel patterns of habitat use in nearshore and offshore waters of the Apostle Islands region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-20T11:17:44","indexId":"70041886","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":865,"text":"Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat use by fishes of Lake Superior. I. Diel patterns of habitat use in nearshore and offshore waters of the Apostle Islands region","docAbstract":"<p><span>Diel patterns of distribution of fishes in nearshore (15–80&nbsp;m depth) and offshore (&gt;80&nbsp;m) waters of the Apostle Islands region of Lake Superior were described using bottom trawls, mid-water trawls, and acoustic gear during day and night sampling. These data revealed three types of diel migration: diel vertical migration (DVM), diel bank migration (DBM), and no migration. DVM was expressed by fishes migrating from benthopelagic to pelagic strata and DBM was expressed by fishes migrating horizontally from deeper waters in the day to shallower waters at night while remaining within the benthopelagic stratum. Most fishes that did not exhibit diel migration showed increased nighttime densities as a result of increased activity and movement from benthic to benthopelagic strata. Rainbow Smelt (</span><i>Osmerus mordax),</i><span> Cisco (</span><i>Coregonus artedi</i><span>), Bloater (</span><i>C. hoyi</i><span>), Kiyi (</span><i>C. kiyi</i><span>), juvenile Trout-Perch </span><i>(Percopsis omiscomaycus</i><span>), and adult siscowet (</span><i>Salvelinus namaycush siscowet</i><span>) exhibited DVM. Lake Whitefish (</span><i>C. clupeaformis</i><span>), lean Lake Trout (</span><i>Salvelinus namaycush namaycush</i><span>), and juvenile siscowet exhibited DBM. Adult Trout-Perch and adult Pygmy Whitefish (</span><i>Prosopium coulteri</i><span>) exhibited a mixture of DBM and DVM. Burbot (</span><i>Lota lota</i><span>), Slimy Sculpin (</span><i>Cottus cognatus</i><span>), Spoonhead Sculpin (</span><i>C. ricei</i><span>), and Deepwater Sculpin (</span><i>Myoxocephalus thompsonii</i><span>) did not exhibit diel migration, but showed evidence of increased nocturnal activity. Ninespine Stickleback (</span><i>Pungitius pungitius</i><span>) exhibited a mixture of DVM and non-migration. Juvenile Pygmy Whitefish did not show a diel change in density or depth distribution. Species showing ontogenetic shifts in depth distribution with larger, adult life stages occupying deeper waters included, Rainbow Smelt, lean and siscowet Lake Trout, Lake Whitefish, Pygmy Whitefish, Ninespine Stickleback and Trout-Perch. Of these species, siscowet also showed an ontogenetic shift from primarily DBM as juveniles to primarily DVM as adults. Across all depths, fishes expressing DVM accounted for 73% of the total estimated community areal biomass (kg ha</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) while those expressing DBM accounted for 25% and non-migratory species represented 2% of the biomass. The proportion of total community biomass exhibiting DVM increased with depth, from 59% to 95% across ≤30&nbsp;m to &gt;90&nbsp;m depth zones. Along the same depth gradient, the proportion of total community biomass exhibiting DBM declined from 40% to 1%, while non-migrators increased from 1% to 4%. These results indicate that DVM and DBM behaviors are pervasive in the Lake Superior fish community and potentially provide strong linkages that effect coupling of benthic and pelagic and nearshore and offshore habitats.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/14634988.2012.715972","usgsCitation":"Gorman, O.T., Yule, D., and Stockwell, J., 2012, Habitat use by fishes of Lake Superior. I. Diel patterns of habitat use in nearshore and offshore waters of the Apostle Islands region: Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management, v. 15, no. 3, p. 333-354, https://doi.org/10.1080/14634988.2012.715972.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"333","endPage":"354","ipdsId":"IP-037746","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274154,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Lake Superior","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -84.48486328124999,\n              46.49839225859763\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.342041015625,\n              46.76244305208004\n            ],\n            [\n              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T.","contributorId":104605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorman","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yule, D.L.","contributorId":78853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yule","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stockwell, J.D.","contributorId":19678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stockwell","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70042833,"text":"70042833 - 2012 - Luna B. Leopold--pioneer setting the stage for modern hydrology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-24T12:43:05","indexId":"70042833","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Luna B. Leopold--pioneer setting the stage for modern hydrology","docAbstract":"In 1986, during the first year of graduate school, the lead author was sampling the water from a pitcher pump in front of “The Shack,” the setting of the opening essays in Aldo Leopold's renowned book A Sand County Almanac. The sampling was part of my Master's work that included quarterly monitoring of water quality on the Leopold Memorial Reserve (LMR) near Baraboo, Wisconsin. The Shack was already a well-known landmark, and it was common to come upon visitors and hikers there. As such, I took no special note of the man who approached me as I was filling sample bottles and asked, as was typical, “What are you doing?”","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.00994.x","usgsCitation":"Hunt, R.J., and Meine, C., 2012, Luna B. Leopold--pioneer setting the stage for modern hydrology: Ground Water, v. 50, no. 6, p. 966-970, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.00994.x.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"966","endPage":"970","ipdsId":"IP-038760","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274105,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274104,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.00994.x"}],"volume":"50","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c96a69e4b0a50a6e8f5829","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunt, Randall J. 0000-0001-6465-9304 rjhunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-9304","contributorId":1129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Randall","email":"rjhunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meine, Curt","contributorId":38881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meine","given":"Curt","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70041918,"text":"70041918 - 2012 - Habitat use by fishes of Lake Superior. II. Consequences of diel habitat use for habitat linkages and habitat coupling in nearshore and offshore waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-20T11:16:44","indexId":"70041918","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":865,"text":"Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat use by fishes of Lake Superior. II. Consequences of diel habitat use for habitat linkages and habitat coupling in nearshore and offshore waters","docAbstract":"<p><span>Diel migration patterns of fishes in nearshore (15–80&nbsp;m depth) and offshore (&gt;80&nbsp;m) waters of Lake Superior were examined to assess the potential for diel migration to link benthic and pelagic, and nearshore and offshore habitats. In our companion article, we described three types of diel migration: diel vertical migration (DVM), diel bank migration (DBM), and no diel migration. DVM was expressed by fishes migrating from benthopelagic to pelagic positions and DBM was expressed by fishes migrating horizontally from deep to shallow waters at night. Fishes not exhibiting diel migration typically showed increased activity by moving from benthic to benthopelagic positions within demersal habitat. The distribution and biomass of fishes in Lake Superior was characterized by examining 704 bottom trawl samples collected between 2001 and 2008 from four depth zones: ≤40, 41–80, 81–160, and &gt;160&nbsp;m. Diel migration behaviors of fishes described in our companion article were applied to estimates of areal biomass (kg ha</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) for each species by depth zone. The relative strength of diel migrations were assessed by applying lake area to areal biomass estimates for each species by depth zone to yield estimates of lake-wide biomass (metric tonnes). Overall, species expressing DVM accounted for 83%, DBM 6%, and non-migration 11% of the total lake-wide community biomass. In nearshore waters, species expressing DVM represented 74% of the biomass, DBM 25%, and non-migration 1%. In offshore waters, species expressing DVM represented 85%, DBM 1%, and non-migration 14% of the biomass. Of species expressing DVM, 83% of total biomass occurred in offshore waters. Similarly, 97% of biomass of non-migrators occurred in offshore waters while 83% of biomass of species expressing DBM occurred in nearshore waters. A high correlation (R</span><sup>2</sup><span> = 0.996) between lake area and community biomass by depth zone resulted in 81% of the lake-wide biomass occurring in offshore waters. Accentuating this nearshore-offshore trend was one of increasing estimated total areal biomass of the fish community with depth zone, which ranged from 13.71&nbsp;kg ha</span><sup>−1</sup><span> at depths ≤40&nbsp;m to 18.81&nbsp;kg ha</span><sup>−1</sup><span> at depths &gt;160&nbsp;m, emphasizing the importance of the offshore fish community to the lake ecosystem. The prevalence of diel migration expressed by Lake Superior fishes increases the potential of fish to link benthic and pelagic and shallow and deepwater habitats. These linkages enhance the potential for habitat coupling, a condition where habitats become interconnected and interdependent through transfers of energy and nutrients. Habitat coupling facilitates energy and nutrient flow through a lake ecosystem, thereby increasing productivity, especially in large lakes where benthic and pelagic, and nearshore and offshore habitats are often well separated. We propose that the application of biomass estimates to patterns of diel migration in fishes can serve as a useful metric for assessing the potential for habitat linkages and habitat coupling in lake ecosystems, and provide an important indicator of ecosystem health and function. The decline of native Lake Trout and ciscoes and recent declines in exotic Alewife and Rainbow Smelt populations in other Great Lakes have likely reduced the capacity for benthic-pelagic coupling in these systems compared to Lake Superior. We recommend comparing the levels and temporal changes in diel migration in other Great Lakes as a means to assess changes in the relative health and function of these ecosystems.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/14634988.2012.711664","usgsCitation":"Gorman, O.T., Yule, D., and Stockwell, J.D., 2012, Habitat use by fishes of Lake Superior. II. Consequences of diel habitat use for habitat linkages and habitat coupling in nearshore and offshore waters: Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management, v. 15, no. 3, p. 355-368, https://doi.org/10.1080/14634988.2012.711664.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"355","endPage":"368","ipdsId":"IP-037747","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274156,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Superior","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -84.48486328124999,\n              46.49839225859763\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.342041015625,\n              46.76244305208004\n 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Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yule, Daniel L.","contributorId":92130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yule","given":"Daniel L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stockwell, Jason D. 0000-0003-3393-6799","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3393-6799","contributorId":61004,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stockwell","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70042805,"text":"70042805 - 2012 - Strontium isotope systematics of mixing groundwater and oil-field brine at Goose Lake in northeastern Montana, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-29T16:27:17","indexId":"70042805","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Strontium isotope systematics of mixing groundwater and oil-field brine at Goose Lake in northeastern Montana, USA","docAbstract":"Groundwater, surface water, and soil in the Goose Lake oil field in northeastern Montana have been affected by Cl<sup>−</sup>-rich oil-field brines during long-term petroleum production. Ongoing multidisciplinary geochemical and geophysical studies have identified the degree and local extent of interaction between brine and groundwater. Fourteen samples representing groundwater, surface water, and brine were collected for Sr isotope analyses to evaluate the usefulness of <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr in detecting small amounts of brine. Differences in Sr concentrations and <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr are optimal at this site for the experiment. Strontium concentrations range from 0.13 to 36.9 mg/L, and corresponding <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr values range from 0.71097 to 0.70828. The local brine has 168 mg/L Sr and a <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr value of 0.70802. Mixing relationships are evident in the data set and illustrate the sensitivity of Sr in detecting small amounts of brine in groundwater. The location of data points on a Sr isotope-concentration plot is readily explained by an evaporation-mixing model. The model is supported by the variation in concentrations of most of the other solutes.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2012.08.004","usgsCitation":"Peterman, Z., Thamke, J., Futa, K., and Preston, T., 2012, Strontium isotope systematics of mixing groundwater and oil-field brine at Goose Lake in northeastern Montana, USA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 27, no. 12, p. 2403-2408, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2012.08.004.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"2403","endPage":"2408","ipdsId":"IP-038279","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":266395,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2012.08.004"},{"id":266396,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Goose Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115.0,40.0 ], [ -115.0,55.0 ], [ -90.0,55.0 ], [ -90.0,40.0 ], [ -115.0,40.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"27","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5102662be4b0d4f5ea817c5f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterman, Zell E. 0000-0002-5694-8082 peterman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5694-8082","contributorId":620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterman","given":"Zell E.","email":"peterman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":472304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thamke, Joanna N. 0000-0002-6917-1946 jothamke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6917-1946","contributorId":1012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thamke","given":"Joanna N.","email":"jothamke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Futa, Kiyoto 0000-0001-8649-7510 kfuta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8649-7510","contributorId":619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Futa","given":"Kiyoto","email":"kfuta@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Preston, Todd","contributorId":81379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Preston","given":"Todd","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70042344,"text":"70042344 - 2012 - Earthworm bioassays and seedling emergence for monitoring toxicity, aging and bioaccumulation of anthropogenic waste indicator compounds in biosolids-amended soil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-07T22:02:38","indexId":"70042344","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthworm bioassays and seedling emergence for monitoring toxicity, aging and bioaccumulation of anthropogenic waste indicator compounds in biosolids-amended soil","docAbstract":"Land application of biosolids (treated sewage sludge) can be an important route for introducing xenobiotic compounds into terrestrial environments. There is a paucity of available information on the effects of biosolids amendment on terrestrial organisms. In this study, the influence of biosolids and biosolids aging on earthworm (Eisenia fetida) reproduction and survival and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) seedling emergence was investigated. Earthworms were exposed to soils amended with varying quantities of biosolids (0, 1, 2, 3, or 4% dry mass). To investigate the influence of biosolids aging, the biosolids used in the study were aged for differing lengths of time (2 or 8 weeks) prior to exposure. All of the adult earthworms survived in the biosolids–amended soils at all concentrations that were aged for 2 weeks; however, only 20% of the adults survived in the soil amended with the highest concentration of biosolids and aged for 8 weeks. Reproduction as measured by mean number of juveniles and unhatched cocoons produced per treatment correlated inversely with biosolids concentration, although the effects were generally more pronounced in the 8-week aged biosolids–soil samples. Latent seedling emergence and reduced seedling fitness correlated inversely with biosolids concentration, but these effects were tempered in the 8-week aged versus the 2-week aged soil–biosolids mixtures. Anthropogenic waste indicator compounds (AWIs) were measured in the biosolids, biosolids–soil mixtures, and earthworm samples. Where possible, bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) were calculated or estimated. A wide variety of AWIs were detected in the biosolids (51 AWIs) and earthworm samples (≤ 19 AWI). The earthworms exposed to the 8-week aged biosolids–soil mixtures tended to accumulate greater quantities of AWIs compared to the 2-week aged mixture, suggesting that the bioavailability of some AWIs was enhanced with aging. The BAFs for a given AWI varied with treatment. Notably large BAFs were determined for some AWIs. For example, the maximum BAF determined for para-cresol, methyl salicylate, bisphenol-A, and cholesterol was greater than 100 in some treatments.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of the Total Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.06.097","usgsCitation":"Kinney, C.A., Campbell, B., Thompson, R., Furlong, E.T., Kolpin, D.W., Burkhardt, M.R., Zaugg, S.D., Werner, S.L., and Hay, A.G., 2012, Earthworm bioassays and seedling emergence for monitoring toxicity, aging and bioaccumulation of anthropogenic waste indicator compounds in biosolids-amended soil: Science of the Total Environment, v. 433, p. 507-515, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.06.097.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"507","endPage":"515","ipdsId":"IP-026753","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272054,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272053,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.06.097"}],"volume":"433","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"518a2266e4b061e1bd533380","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kinney, Chad A.","contributorId":56952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinney","given":"Chad","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, Bryan R.","contributorId":94571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Bryan R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, Regina","contributorId":74654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Regina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Furlong, Edward T. 0000-0002-7305-4603 efurlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"Edward","email":"efurlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kolpin, Dana W. 0000-0002-3529-6505 dwkolpin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-6505","contributorId":1239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"Dana","email":"dwkolpin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Burkhardt, Mark R.","contributorId":27872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkhardt","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zaugg, Steven D. sdzaugg@usgs.gov","contributorId":768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zaugg","given":"Steven","email":"sdzaugg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":471348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Werner, Stephen L. slwerner@usgs.gov","contributorId":1199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werner","given":"Stephen","email":"slwerner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":471349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hay, Anthony G.","contributorId":60930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70046265,"text":"70046265 - 2012 - Density-dependent nest predation in waterfowl: the relative importance of nest density versus nest dispersion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-01T17:20:52","indexId":"70046265","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Density-dependent nest predation in waterfowl: the relative importance of nest density versus nest dispersion","docAbstract":"When nest predation levels are very high or very low, the absolute range of observable nest success is constrained (a floor/ceiling effect), and it may be more difficult to detect density-dependent nest predation. Density-dependent nest predation may be more detectable in years with moderate predation rates, simply because there can be a greater absolute difference in nest success between sites. To test this, we replicated a predation experiment 10 years after the original study, using both natural and artificial nests, comparing a year when overall rates of nest predation were high (2000) to a year with moderate nest predation (2010). We found no evidence for density-dependent predation on artificial nests in either year, indicating that nest predation is not density-dependent at the spatial scale of our experimental replicates (1-ha patches). Using nearest-neighbor distances as a measure of nest dispersion, we also found little evidence for “dispersion-dependent” predation on artificial nests. However, when we tested for dispersion-dependent predation using natural nests, we found that nest survival increased with shorter nearest-neighbor distances, and that neighboring nests were more likely to share the same nest fate than non-adjacent nests. Thus, at small spatial scales, density-dependence appears to operate in the opposite direction as predicted: closer nearest neighbors are more likely to be successful. We suggest that local nest dispersion, rather than larger-scale measures of nest density per se, may play a more important role in density-dependent nest predation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Oecologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00442-011-2228-1","usgsCitation":"Ackerman, J., Ringelman, K.M., and Eadie, J., 2012, Density-dependent nest predation in waterfowl: the relative importance of nest density versus nest dispersion: Oecologia, v. 169, no. 3, p. 695-702, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-011-2228-1.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"695","endPage":"702","ipdsId":"IP-030592","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273239,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273238,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-011-2228-1"}],"volume":"169","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51af0c66e4b08a3322c2c29c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ackerman, Joshua T. 0000-0002-3074-8322 jackerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3074-8322","contributorId":147078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Joshua T.","email":"jackerman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":479351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ringelman, Kevin M.","contributorId":95806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ringelman","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eadie, J.M.","contributorId":8034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eadie","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70044903,"text":"70044903 - 2012 - Bromine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-19T22:32:01","indexId":"70044903","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bromine","docAbstract":"The element bromine is found principally as a dissolved species in seawater, evaporitic (salt) lakes and underground brines associated with petroleum deposits. Seawater contains about 65 parts per million of bromine or an estimated 100 Tt (110 trillion st). In the Middle East, the highly saline waters of the Dead Sea are estimated to contain 1 Gt (1.1billion st) of bromine. Bromine is also recovered from seawater as a coproduct during evaporation to produce salt.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mining Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SME","publisherLocation":"Englewood, CO","usgsCitation":"Ober, J.A., 2012, Bromine: Mining Engineering, v. 64, no. 6, p. 40-41.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"40","endPage":"41","ipdsId":"IP-029037","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271280,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5172676ce4b0c173799e7957","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ober, Joyce A. 0000-0003-1608-5611 jober@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1608-5611","contributorId":394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ober","given":"Joyce","email":"jober@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70042226,"text":"70042226 - 2012 - Relationship between mid-water trawling effort and catch composition uncertainty in two large lakes (Huron and Michigan) dominated by alosines, osmerids, and coregonines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-09T22:26:31","indexId":"70042226","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1661,"text":"Fisheries Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relationship between mid-water trawling effort and catch composition uncertainty in two large lakes (Huron and Michigan) dominated by alosines, osmerids, and coregonines","docAbstract":"Because it is not possible to identify species with echosounders alone, trawling is widely used as a method for collecting species and size composition data for allocating acoustic fish density estimates to species or size groups. In the Laurentian Great Lakes, data from midwater trawls are commonly used for such allocations. However, there are no rules for how much midwater trawling effort is required to adequately describe species and size composition of the pelagic fish communities in these lakes, so the balance between acoustic sampling effort and trawling effort has been unguided. We used midwater trawl data collected between 1986 and 2008 in lakes Michigan and Huron and a variety of analytical techniques to develop guidance for appropriate levels of trawl effort. We used multivariate regression trees and re-sampling techniques to i. identify factors that influence species and size composition of the pelagic fish communities in these lakes, ii. identify stratification schemes for the two lakes, iii. determine if there was a relationship between uncertainty in catch composition and the number of tows made, and iv. predict the number of tows required to reach desired uncertainty targets. We found that depth occupied by fish below the surface was the most influential explanatory variable. Catch composition varied between lakes at depths <38.5 m below the surface, but not at depths ≥38.5 m below the surface. Year, latitude, and bottom depth influenced catch composition in the near-surface waters of Lake Michigan, while only year was important for Lake Huron surface waters. There was an inverse relationship between RSE [relative standard error = 100 × (SE/mean)] and the number of tows made for the proportions of the different size and species groups. We found for the fifth (Lake Huron) and sixth (Lake Michigan) largest lakes in the world, 15–35 tows were adequate to achieve target RSEs (15% and 30%) for ubiquitous species, but rarer species required much higher, and at times, impractical effort levels to reach these targets.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fisheries Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.fishres.2011.11.021","usgsCitation":"Warner, D.M., Claramunt, R., Schaeffer, J.S., Yule, D., Hrabik, T.R., Peintka, B., Rudstam, L.G., Holuszko, J.D., and O’Brien, T.P., 2012, Relationship between mid-water trawling effort and catch composition uncertainty in two large lakes (Huron and Michigan) dominated by alosines, osmerids, and coregonines: Fisheries Research, v. 123-124, p. 62-69, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2011.11.021.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"62","endPage":"69","ipdsId":"IP-023624","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":268999,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268998,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2011.11.021"}],"otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan;Lake Huron","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.49,41.69 ], [ -88.49,46.35 ], [ -80.54,46.35 ], [ -80.54,41.69 ], [ -88.49,41.69 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"123-124","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7028e4b0b29085106e14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warner, David M. 0000-0003-4939-5368 dmwarner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4939-5368","contributorId":2986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"David","email":"dmwarner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Claramunt, Randall M.","contributorId":19047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Claramunt","given":"Randall M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schaeffer, Jeffrey S.","contributorId":89083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaeffer","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yule, Daniel L.","contributorId":92130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yule","given":"Daniel L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hrabik, Tom R.","contributorId":87829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hrabik","given":"Tom","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Peintka, Bernie","contributorId":18240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peintka","given":"Bernie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rudstam, Lars G.","contributorId":56609,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rudstam","given":"Lars","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":471031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Holuszko, Jeffrey D.","contributorId":104429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holuszko","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"O’Brien, Timothy P. 0000-0003-4502-5204 tiobrien@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4502-5204","contributorId":2662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Brien","given":"Timothy","email":"tiobrien@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70043697,"text":"70043697 - 2012 - Annual accumulation over the Greenland ice sheet interpolated from historical and newly compiled observation data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-08T20:39:43","indexId":"70043697","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1768,"text":"Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Annual accumulation over the Greenland ice sheet interpolated from historical and newly compiled observation data","docAbstract":"The estimation of ice/snow accumulation is of great significance in quantifying the mass balance of ice sheets and variation in water resources. Improving the accuracy and reducing uncertainty has been a challenge for the estimation of annual accumulation over the Greenland ice sheet. In this study, we kriged and analyzed the spatial pattern of accumulation based on an observation data series including 315 points used in a recent research, plus 101 ice cores and snow pits and newly compiled 23 coastal weather station data. The estimated annual accumulation over the Greenland ice sheet is 31.2 g cm<sup>−2</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup>, with a standard error of 0.9 g cm<sup>−2</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup>. The main differences between the improved map developed in this study and the recently published accumulation maps are in the coastal areas, especially southeast and southwest regions. The analysis of accumulations versus elevation reveals the distribution patterns of accumulation over the Greenland ice sheet.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/j.1468-0459.2012.00458.x","usgsCitation":"Shen, D., Liu, Y., and Huang, S., 2012, Annual accumulation over the Greenland ice sheet interpolated from historical and newly compiled observation data: Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography, v. 94, no. 3, p. 377-393, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0459.2012.00458.x.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"377","endPage":"393","ipdsId":"IP-031311","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270676,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270675,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0459.2012.00458.x"}],"country":"Greenland","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73.0,59.8 ], [ -73.0,83.6 ], [ -11.3,83.6 ], [ -11.3,59.8 ], [ -73.0,59.8 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"94","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5163e6e7e4b0b7010f820164","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shen, Dayong","contributorId":71079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shen","given":"Dayong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, Yuling","contributorId":96171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Yuling","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huang, Shengli shuang@usgs.gov","contributorId":1926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huang","given":"Shengli","email":"shuang@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":474116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70042839,"text":"70042839 - 2012 - Conceptual model of sedimentation in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-05T18:03:09.591392","indexId":"70042839","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3331,"text":"San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Conceptual model of sedimentation in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta","docAbstract":"Sedimentation in the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta builds the Delta landscape, creates benthic and pelagic habitat, and transports sediment-associated contaminants. Here we present a conceptual model of sedimentation that includes submodels for river supply from the watershed to the Delta, regional transport within the Delta and seaward exchange, and local sedimentation in open water and marsh habitats. The model demonstrates feedback loops that affect the Delta ecosystem. Submerged and emergent marsh vegetation act as ecosystem engineers that can create a positive feedback loop by decreasing suspended sediment, increasing water column light, which in turn enables more vegetation. Sea-level rise in open water is partially countered by a negative feedback loop that increases deposition if there is a net decrease in hydrodynamic energy. Manipulation of regional sediment transport is probably the most feasible method to control suspended sediment and thus turbidity. The conceptual model is used to identify information gaps that need to be filled to develop an accurate sediment transport model.","language":"English","publisher":"University of California","doi":"10.15447/sfews.2012v10iss3art3","usgsCitation":"Schoellhamer, D., Wright, S., and Drexler, J., 2012, Conceptual model of sedimentation in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta: San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science, v. 10, no. 3, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.15447/sfews.2012v10iss3art3.","productDescription":"25 p.","ipdsId":"IP-021663","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489004,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.15447/sfews.2012v10iss3art3","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":381885,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.53,37.15 ], [ -123.53,38.85 ], [ -120.83,38.85 ], [ -120.83,37.15 ], [ -123.53,37.15 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"10","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-10-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51751748e4b074c2b05564b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schoellhamer, David H. 0000-0001-9488-7340 dschoell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"David H.","email":"dschoell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, Scott 0000-0002-0387-5713 sawright@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0387-5713","contributorId":1536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Scott","email":"sawright@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":472369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Drexler, Judith Z. 0000-0002-0127-3866","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0127-3866","contributorId":8941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drexler","given":"Judith Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70043898,"text":"70043898 - 2012 - Frictional properties of saponite-rich gouge from a serpentinite-bearing fault zone along the Gokasho-Arashima Tectonic Line, central Japan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-28T09:19:37","indexId":"70043898","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2468,"text":"Journal of Structural Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Frictional properties of saponite-rich gouge from a serpentinite-bearing fault zone along the Gokasho-Arashima Tectonic Line, central Japan","docAbstract":"We studied a serpentinite-bearing fault zone in Gokasho-Arashima Tectonic Line, Mie Prefecture, central Japan, characterizing its internal structures, mineral assemblage, permeability, and frictional properties. The fault core situated between the serpentinite breccia and the adjacent sedimentary rocks is characterized by a zone locally altered to saponite. The clayey gouge layer separates fault rocks of serpentinite origin containing talc and tremolite from fault rocks of sedimentary origin containing chlorite but no quartz. The minerals that formed within the fault are the products of metasomatic reaction between the serpentinite and the siliceous rocks. Permeability measurements show that serpentinite breccia and fault gouge have permeability of 10<sup>−14</sup>–10<sup>−17</sup> m<sup>2</sup> and 10<sup>−15</sup>–10<sup>−18</sup> m<sup>2</sup>, respectively, at 5–120 MPa confining pressure. Frictional coefficient of the saponite-rich clayey fault gouge ranged between 0.20 and 0.35 under room-dry condition, but was reduced to 0.06–0.12 when saturated with water. The velocity dependence of friction was strongly positive, mostly ranging between 0.005 and 0.006 in terms of a–b values. The governing friction law is not constrained yet, but we find that the saponite-rich gouge possesses an evolutional behavior in the opposite direction to that suggested by the rate and state friction law, in addition to its direct velocity dependence.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Structural Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2011.09.007","usgsCitation":"Sone, H., Shimamoto, T., and Moore, D.E., 2012, Frictional properties of saponite-rich gouge from a serpentinite-bearing fault zone along the Gokasho-Arashima Tectonic Line, central Japan: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 38, p. 172-182, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2011.09.007.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"172","endPage":"182","ipdsId":"IP-031446","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272843,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":272842,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2011.09.007"}],"country":"Japan","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 122.59,23.28 ], [ 122.59,45.75 ], [ 154.21,45.75 ], [ 154.21,23.28 ], [ 122.59,23.28 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"38","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51a5d1e7e4b0605bc571efa5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sone, Hiroki","contributorId":82207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sone","given":"Hiroki","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shimamoto, Toshihiko","contributorId":60524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shimamoto","given":"Toshihiko","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, Diane E. 0000-0002-8641-1075 dmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8641-1075","contributorId":2704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Diane","email":"dmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70044166,"text":"70044166 - 2012 - Calcareous nannofossil assemblage changes across the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum: Evidence from a shelf setting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-25T12:30:56","indexId":"70044166","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2673,"text":"Marine Micropaleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calcareous nannofossil assemblage changes across the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum: Evidence from a shelf setting","docAbstract":"<p><span>Biotic response of calcareous nannoplankton to abrupt warming across the Paleocene/Eocene boundary reflects a primary response to climatically induced parameters including increased continental runoff of freshwater, global acidification of seawater, high sedimentation rates, and calcareous nannoplankton assemblage turnover. We identify ecophenotypic nannofossil species adapted to low pH conditions (</span><i>Discoaster anartios, D. araneus, Rhomboaster</i><span>&nbsp;spp.), excursion taxa adapted to the extremely warm climatic conditions (</span><i>Bomolithus supremus</i><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i>Coccolithus bownii</i><span>), three species of the genus&nbsp;</span><i>Toweius</i><span>&nbsp;(</span><i>T. serotinus, T. callosus, T. occultatus</i><span>) adapted to warm, rather than cool, water conditions, opportunists adapted to high productivity conditions (</span><i>Coronocyclus bramlettei, Neochiastozygus junctus</i><span>), and species adapted to oligotropic and/or cool‐water conditions that went into refugium during the PETM (</span><i>Zygrablithus bijugatus, Calcidiscus? parvicrucis</i><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i>Chiasmolithus bidens</i><span>).&nbsp;</span><i>Discoaster anartios</i><span>&nbsp;was adapted to meso- to eutrophic, rather than oligotrophic, conditions. Comparison of these data to previous work on sediments deposited on shelf settings suggests that local conditions such as high precipitation rates and possible increase in major storms such as hurricanes resulted in increased continental runoff and high sedimentation rates that affected assemblage response to the PETM.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.marmicro.2012.05.003","usgsCitation":"Self-Trail, J.M., Powars, D.S., Watkins, D.K., and Wandless, G.A., 2012, Calcareous nannofossil assemblage changes across the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum: Evidence from a shelf setting: Marine Micropaleontology, v. 92-93, p. 61-80, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2012.05.003.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"80","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-033754","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271290,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92-93","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5173b8e1e4b0e619a5806eae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Self-Trail, Jean M. jstrail@usgs.gov","contributorId":2205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Self-Trail","given":"Jean","email":"jstrail@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":596,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey National Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":474960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powars, David S. 0000-0002-6787-8964 dspowars@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6787-8964","contributorId":1181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powars","given":"David","email":"dspowars@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Watkins, David K.","contributorId":91385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watkins","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wandless, Gregory A. gwandless@usgs.gov","contributorId":4782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wandless","given":"Gregory","email":"gwandless@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":474961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70044181,"text":"70044181 - 2012 - Kinetics of uncatalyzed thermochemical sulfate reduction by sulfur-free paraffin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-18T15:26:00","indexId":"70044181","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Kinetics of uncatalyzed thermochemical sulfate reduction by sulfur-free paraffin","docAbstract":"To determine kinetic parameters of sulfate reduction by hydrocarbons (HC) without the initial presence of low valence sulfur, we carried out a series of isothermal gold-tube hydrous-pyrolysis experiments at 320, 340, and 360 °C under a constant confined pressure of 24.1 MPa. The reactants used consisted of saturated HC (sulfur-free) and CaSO<sub>4</sub> in an aqueous solution buffered to three different pH conditions without the addition of elemental sulfur (S<sub>8</sub>) or H<sub>2</sub>S as initiators. H<sub>2</sub>S produced in the course of reaction was proportional to the extent of the reduction of CaSO<sub>4</sub> that was initially the only sulfur-containing reactant. Our results show that the in situ pH of the aqueous solution (herein, in situ pH refers to the calculated pH value of the aqueous solution at certain experimental conditions) can significantly affect the rate of the thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) reaction. A substantial increase in the TSR reaction rate was observed with a decrease in the in situ pH.\n\nOur experimental results show that uncatalyzed TSR is a first-order reaction. The temperature dependence of experimentally measured H<sub>2</sub>S yields from sulfate reduction was fit with the Arrhenius equation. The determined activation energy for HC (sulfur-free) reacting with View the MathML sourceHSO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> in our experiments is 246.6 kJ/mol at pH values ranging from 3.0 to 3.5, which is slightly higher than the theoretical value of 227.0 kJ/mol using ab initio quantum chemical calculations on a similar reaction. Although the availability of reactive sulfate significantly affects the rate of reaction, a consistent rate constant was determined by accounting for the HSO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> ion concentration. Our experimental and theoretical approach to the determination of the kinetics of TSR is further validated by a reevaluation of several published experimental TSR datasets without the initial presence of native sulfur or H<sub>2</sub>S. When the effect of reactive sulfate concentration is appropriately accounted for, the published experimental TSR data yield kinetic parameters that are consistent with our values. Assuming MgSO<sub>4</sub> contact-ion-pair ([MgSO<sub>4</sub>]CIP) as the reactive form of sulfate in petroleum reservoir formation waters, a simple extrapolation of our experimentally derived HSO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> reduction kinetics as a proxy for [MgSO<sub>4</sub>]CIP to geologically reasonable conditions predicts onset temperatures (130–140 °C) that are comparable to those observed in nature.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2012.08.010","usgsCitation":"Zhang, T., Ellis, G.S., Ma, Q., Amrani, A., and Tang, Y., 2012, Kinetics of uncatalyzed thermochemical sulfate reduction by sulfur-free paraffin: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 96, p. 1-17, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2012.08.010.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"17","ipdsId":"IP-033954","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273953,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273952,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2012.08.010"}],"volume":"96","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c18167e4b0dd0e00d921db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, Tongwei","contributorId":107595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Tongwei","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellis, Geoffrey S. 0000-0003-4519-3320 gsellis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4519-3320","contributorId":1058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"Geoffrey","email":"gsellis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ma, Qisheng","contributorId":35219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ma","given":"Qisheng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Amrani, Alon","contributorId":49258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amrani","given":"Alon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tang, Yongchun","contributorId":103166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tang","given":"Yongchun","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70044191,"text":"70044191 - 2012 - Antarctic and Southern Ocean influences on Late Pliocene global cooling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-08T22:04:09","indexId":"70044191","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2982,"text":"PNAS","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Antarctic and Southern Ocean influences on Late Pliocene global cooling","docAbstract":"The influence of Antarctica and the Southern Ocean on Late Pliocene global climate reconstructions has remained ambiguous due to a lack of well-dated Antarctic-proximal, paleoenvironmental records. Here we present ice sheet, sea-surface temperature, and sea ice reconstructions from the ANDRILL AND-1B sediment core recovered from beneath the Ross Ice Shelf. We provide evidence for a major expansion of an ice sheet in the Ross Sea that began at ~3.3 Ma, followed by a coastal sea surface temperature cooling of ~2.5 °C, a stepwise expansion of sea ice, and polynya-style deep mixing in the Ross Sea between 3.3 and 2.5 Ma. The intensification of Antarctic cooling resulted in strengthened westerly winds and invigorated ocean circulation. The associated northward migration of Southern Ocean fronts has been linked with reduced Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation by restricting surface water connectivity between the ocean basins, with implications for heat transport to the high latitudes of the North Atlantic. While our results do not exclude low-latitude mechanisms as drivers for Pliocene cooling, they indicate an additional role played by southern high-latitude cooling during development of the bipolar world.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PNAS","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1112248109","usgsCitation":"McKay, R., Naish, T., Carter, L., Riesselman, C., Dunbar, R., Sjunneskog, C., Winter, D., Sangiorgi, F., Warren, C., Pagani, M., Schouten, S., Willmott, V., Levy, R., DeConto, R., and Powell, R.D., 2012, Antarctic and Southern Ocean influences on Late Pliocene global cooling: PNAS, v. 109, no. 17, p. 6423-6428, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1112248109.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"6423","endPage":"6428","ipdsId":"IP-032213","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474135,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc3340021","text":"External Repository"},{"id":270678,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270677,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1112248109"}],"volume":"109","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5163e6e8e4b0b7010f820168","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKay, Robert","contributorId":9546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKay","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Naish, Tim","contributorId":62900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naish","given":"Tim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carter, Lionel","contributorId":9937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Lionel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Riesselman, Christina 0000-0002-2436-4306 criesselman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2436-4306","contributorId":4290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riesselman","given":"Christina","email":"criesselman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":475059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dunbar, Robert","contributorId":11090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunbar","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sjunneskog, Charlotte","contributorId":102765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sjunneskog","given":"Charlotte","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Winter, Diane","contributorId":79377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"Diane","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sangiorgi, Francesca","contributorId":108238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sangiorgi","given":"Francesca","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Warren, Courtney","contributorId":27334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warren","given":"Courtney","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Pagani, Mark","contributorId":92136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pagani","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Schouten, Stefan","contributorId":84888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schouten","given":"Stefan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Willmott, Veronica","contributorId":58533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willmott","given":"Veronica","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Levy, Richard","contributorId":96980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Levy","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"DeConto, Robert","contributorId":17893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeConto","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Powell, Ross D.","contributorId":89768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"Ross","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}}
,{"id":70044449,"text":"70044449 - 2012 - Assessing California groundwater susceptibility using trace concentrations of halogenated volatile organic compounds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-14T13:45:14","indexId":"70044449","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing California groundwater susceptibility using trace concentrations of halogenated volatile organic compounds","docAbstract":"Twenty-four halogenated volatile organic compounds (hVOCs) and SF<sub>6</sub> were measured in groundwater samples collected from 312 wells across California at concentrations as low as 10<sup>–12</sup> grams per kilogram groundwater. The hVOCs detected are predominately anthropogenic (i.e., “ahVOCs”) and as such their distribution delineates where groundwaters are impacted and susceptible to human activity. ahVOC detections were broadly consistent with air-saturated water concentrations in equilibrium with a combination of industrial-era global and regional hVOC atmospheric abundances. However, detection of ahVOCs in nearly all of the samples collected, including ancient groundwaters, suggests the presence of a sampling or analytical artifact that confounds interpretation of the very-low concentration ahVOC data. To increase our confidence in ahVOC detections we establish screening levels based on ahVOC concentrations in deep wells drawing ancient groundwater in Owens Valley. Concentrations of ahVOCs below the Owens Valley screening levels account for a large number of the detections in prenuclear groundwater across California without significant loss of ahVOC detections in shallow, recently recharged groundwaters. Over 80% of the groundwaters in this study contain at least one ahVOC after screening, indicating that the footprint of human industry is nearly ubiquitous and that most California groundwaters are vulnerable to contamination from land-surface activities.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1021/es303546b","usgsCitation":"Deeds, D.A., Kulongoski, J., and Belitz, K., 2012, Assessing California groundwater susceptibility using trace concentrations of halogenated volatile organic compounds: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 46, no. 24, p. 13128-13135, https://doi.org/10.1021/es303546b.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"13128","endPage":"13135","ipdsId":"IP-040240","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270881,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270880,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es303546b"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.4,32.5 ], [ -124.4,42.0 ], [ -114.1,42.0 ], [ -114.1,32.5 ], [ -124.4,32.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"46","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-11-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"516bcfe9e4b0eae401aec237","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Deeds, Daniel A. ddeeds@usgs.gov","contributorId":83003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deeds","given":"Daniel","email":"ddeeds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kulongoski, Justin T. 0000-0002-3498-4154","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3498-4154","contributorId":94750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulongoski","given":"Justin T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70045534,"text":"70045534 - 2012 - Calving seismicity from iceberg-sea surface interactions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-07T17:58:52","indexId":"70045534","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2318,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calving seismicity from iceberg-sea surface interactions","docAbstract":"Iceberg calving is known to release substantial seismic energy, but little is known about the specific mechanisms that produce calving icequakes. At Yahtse Glacier, a tidewater glacier on the Gulf of Alaska, we draw upon a local network of seismometers and focus on 80 hours of concurrent, direct observation of the terminus to show that calving is the dominant source of seismicity. To elucidate seismogenic mechanisms, we synchronized video and seismograms to reveal that the majority of seismic energy is produced during iceberg interactions with the sea surface. Icequake peak amplitudes coincide with the emergence of high velocity jets of water and ice from the fjord after the complete submergence of falling icebergs below sea level. These icequakes have dominant frequencies between 1 and 3 Hz. Detachment of an iceberg from the terminus produces comparatively weak seismic waves at frequencies between 5 and 20 Hz. Our observations allow us to suggest that the most powerful sources of calving icequakes at Yahtse Glacier include iceberg-sea surface impact, deceleration under the influence of drag and buoyancy, and cavitation. Numerical simulations of seismogenesis during iceberg-sea surface interactions support our observational evidence. Our new understanding of iceberg-sea surface interactions allows us to reattribute the sources of calving seismicity identified in earlier studies and offer guidance for the future use of seismology in monitoring iceberg calving.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1029/2012JF002513","usgsCitation":"Bartholomaus, T., Larsen, C., O’Neel, S., and West, M., 2012, Calving seismicity from iceberg-sea surface interactions: Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface, v. 117, no. F4, F04029, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JF002513.","productDescription":"F04029","ipdsId":"IP-041321","costCenters":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488128,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2012jf002513","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":271291,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012JF002513"},{"id":271292,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"117","issue":"F4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5173b8e2e4b0e619a5806eb2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartholomaus, T.C.","contributorId":94569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholomaus","given":"T.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Larsen, C.F.","contributorId":96091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"C.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Neel, Shad 0000-0002-9185-0144 soneel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9185-0144","contributorId":166740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neel","given":"Shad","email":"soneel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":107,"text":"Alaska Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"West, M.E.","contributorId":51173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"West","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70045511,"text":"70045511 - 2012 - Drainage network structure and hydrologic behavior of three lake-rich watersheds on the Arctic Coastal Plain, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-01T22:17:37.254437","indexId":"70045511","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":899,"text":"Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Drainage network structure and hydrologic behavior of three lake-rich watersheds on the Arctic Coastal Plain, Alaska","docAbstract":"Watersheds draining the Arctic Coastal Plain (ACP) of Alaska are dominated by permafrost and snowmelt runoff that create abundant surface storage in the form of lakes, wetlands, and beaded streams. These surface water elements compose complex drainage networks that affect aquatic ecosystem connectivity and hydrologic behavior. The 4676 km<sup>2</sup> Fish Creek drainage basin is composed of three watersheds that represent a gradient of the ACP landscape with varying extents of eolian, lacustrine, and fluvial landforms. In each watershed, we analyzed 2.5-m-resolution aerial photography, a 5-m digital elevation model, and river gauging and climate records to better understand ACP watershed structure and processes. We show that connected lakes accounted for 19 to 26% of drainage density among watersheds and most all channels initiate from lake basins in the form of beaded streams. Of the > 2500 lakes in these watersheds, 33% have perennial streamflow connectivity, and these represent 66% of total lake area extent. Deeper lakes with over-wintering habitat were more abundant in the watershed with eolian sand deposits, while the watershed with marine silt deposits contained a greater extent of beaded streams and shallow thermokarst lakes that provide essential summer feeding habitat. Comparison of flow regimes among watersheds showed that higher lake extent and lower drained lake-basin extent corresponded with lower snowmelt and higher baseflow runoff. Variation in baseflow runoff among watersheds was most pronounced during drought conditions in 2007 with corresponding reduction in snowmelt peak flows the following year. Comparison with other Arctic watersheds indicates that lake area extent corresponds to slower recession of both snowmelt and baseflow runoff. These analyses help refine our understanding of how Arctic watersheds are structured and function hydrologically, emphasizing the important role of lake basins and suggesting how future lake change may impact hydrologic processes.","language":"English","publisher":"Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR), University of Colorado","doi":"10.1657/1938-4246-44.4.385","usgsCitation":"Arp, C., Whitman, M., Jones, B.M., Kemnitz, R., Grosse, G., and Urban, F., 2012, Drainage network structure and hydrologic behavior of three lake-rich watersheds on the Arctic Coastal Plain, Alaska: Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, v. 44, no. 4, p. 385-394, https://doi.org/10.1657/1938-4246-44.4.385.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"385","endPage":"394","ipdsId":"IP-040648","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474278,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1657/1938-4246-44.4.385","text":"External Repository"},{"id":271770,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -147.5,\n              69\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.5,\n              71\n            ],\n            [\n              -158,\n              71\n            ],\n            [\n              -158,\n              69\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.5,\n              69\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"44","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-01-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51838ae6e4b0a21483941a92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arp, C.D.","contributorId":54715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arp","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whitman, M.S.","contributorId":66893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitman","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, Benjamin M. 0000-0002-1517-4711 bjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-4711","contributorId":2286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Benjamin","email":"bjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kemnitz, R.","contributorId":58813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kemnitz","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Grosse, G.","contributorId":82140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grosse","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Urban, F.E. 0000-0002-1329-1703","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-1703","contributorId":34352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Urban","given":"F.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70045504,"text":"70045504 - 2012 - Nuclear and mitochondrial markers reveal evidence for genetically segregated cryptic speciation in giant Pacific octopuses from Prince William Sound, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-20T18:10:07","indexId":"70045504","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1324,"text":"Conservation Genetics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nuclear and mitochondrial markers reveal evidence for genetically segregated cryptic speciation in giant Pacific octopuses from Prince William Sound, Alaska","docAbstract":"Multiple species of large octopus are known from the north Pacific waters around Japan, however only one large species is known in the Gulf of Alaska (the giant Pacific octopus, Enteroctopus dofleini). Current taxonomy of E. dofleini is based on geographic and morphological characteristics, although with advances in genetic technology that is changing. Here, we used two mitochondrial genes (cytochrome b and cytochrome oxidase I), three nuclear genes (rhodopsin, octopine dehydrogenase, and paired-box 6), and 18 microsatellite loci for phylogeographic and phylogenetic analyses of octopuses collected from across southcentral and the eastern Aleutian Islands (Dutch Harbor), Alaska. Our results suggest the presence of a cryptic Enteroctopus species that is allied to, but distinguished from E. dofleini in Prince William Sound, Alaska. Existence of an undescribed and previously unrecognized taxon raises important questions about the taxonomy of octopus in southcentral Alaska waters.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Conservation Genetics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10592-012-0392-4","usgsCitation":"Toussaint, R.K., Scheel, D., Sage, G.K., and Talbot, S.L., 2012, Nuclear and mitochondrial markers reveal evidence for genetically segregated cryptic speciation in giant Pacific octopuses from Prince William Sound, Alaska: Conservation Genetics, v. 13, no. 6, p. 1483-1497, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-012-0392-4.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1483","endPage":"1497","ipdsId":"IP-039661","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274336,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274335,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10592-012-0392-4"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Prince William Sound","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -148.6828,60.0792 ], [ -148.6828,61.2638 ], [ -145.8051,61.2638 ], [ -145.8051,60.0792 ], [ -148.6828,60.0792 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"13","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-08-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51d2a4ede4b0ca1848338a85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Toussaint, Rebecca K.","contributorId":104376,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Toussaint","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scheel, David","contributorId":53272,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scheel","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sage, G. Kevin 0000-0003-1431-2286 ksage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1431-2286","contributorId":4348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sage","given":"G.","email":"ksage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kevin","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":477655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Talbot, Sandra L. 0000-0002-3312-7214 stalbot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-7214","contributorId":140512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"Sandra","email":"stalbot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70044797,"text":"70044797 - 2012 - Geologic processes influence the effects of mining on aquatic ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-20T12:00:12","indexId":"70044797","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic processes influence the effects of mining on aquatic ecosystems","docAbstract":"Geologic processes strongly influence water and sediment quality in aquatic ecosystems but rarely are geologic principles incorporated into routine biomonitoring studies. We test if elevated concentrations of metals in water and sediment are restricted to streams downstream of mines or areas that may discharge mine wastes. We surveyed 198 catchments classified as “historically mined” or “unmined,” and based on mineral-deposit criteria, to determine whether water and sediment quality were influenced by naturally occurring mineralized rock, by historical mining, or by a combination of both. By accounting for different geologic sources of metals to the environment, we were able to distinguish aquatic ecosystems limited by metals derived from natural processes from those due to mining. Elevated concentrations of metals in water and sediment were not restricted to mined catchments; depauperate aquatic communities were found in unmined catchments. The type and intensity of hydrothermal alteration and the mineral deposit type were important determinants of water and sediment quality as well as the aquatic community in both mined and unmined catchments. This study distinguished the effects of different rock types and geologic sources of metals on ecosystems by incorporating basic geologic processes into reference and baseline site selection, resulting in a refined assessment. Our results indicate that biomonitoring studies should account for natural sources of metals in some geologic environments as contributors to the effect of mines on aquatic ecosystems, recognizing that in mining-impacted drainages there may have been high pre-mining background metal concentrations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ESA","doi":"10.1890/11-0806.1","usgsCitation":"Schmidt, T., Clements, W.H., Wanty, R.B., Verplanck, P.L., Church, S.E., San Juan, C.A., Fey, D.L., Rockwell, B.W., DeWitt, E.H., and Klein, T.L., 2012, Geologic processes influence the effects of mining on aquatic ecosystems: Ecological Applications, v. 22, no. 3, p. 870-879, https://doi.org/10.1890/11-0806.1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"870","endPage":"879","ipdsId":"IP-017393","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274030,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274029,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/11-0806.1"}],"volume":"22","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c42460e4b03c77dce65a48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmidt, Travis S. 0000-0003-1400-0637 tschmidt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1400-0637","contributorId":1300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Travis S.","email":"tschmidt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clements, William H.","contributorId":39504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clements","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wanty, Richard B. 0000-0002-2063-6423 rwanty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-6423","contributorId":443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanty","given":"Richard","email":"rwanty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Verplanck, Philip L. 0000-0002-3653-6419 plv@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3653-6419","contributorId":728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verplanck","given":"Philip","email":"plv@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Church, Stan E. schurch@usgs.gov","contributorId":803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Church","given":"Stan","email":"schurch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"San Juan, Carma A. 0000-0002-9151-1919 csanjuan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9151-1919","contributorId":1146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"San Juan","given":"Carma","email":"csanjuan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fey, David L. dfey@usgs.gov","contributorId":713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fey","given":"David","email":"dfey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rockwell, Barnaby W. 0000-0002-9549-0617 barnabyr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9549-0617","contributorId":2195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rockwell","given":"Barnaby","email":"barnabyr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"DeWitt, Ed H.","contributorId":16543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWitt","given":"Ed","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Klein, Terry L. tklein@usgs.gov","contributorId":1244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klein","given":"Terry","email":"tklein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70044403,"text":"70044403 - 2012 - Thresholds of flow-induced bed disturbances and their effects on stream metabolism in an agricultural river","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-09T15:56:10","indexId":"70044403","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thresholds of flow-induced bed disturbances and their effects on stream metabolism in an agricultural river","docAbstract":"Storm-driven flow pulses in rivers destroy and restructure sediment habitats that affect stream metabolism. This study examined thresholds of bed disturbances that affected patch- and reach-scale sediment conditions and metabolism rates. A 4 year record of discharge and diel changes in dissolved oxygen concentrations (ΔDO) was analyzed for disturbances and recovery periods of the ΔDO signal. Disturbances to the ΔDO signal were associated with flow pulses, and the recovery times for the ΔDO signal were found to be in two categories: less than 5 days (30% of the disturbances) or greater than 15 days (70% of the disturbances). A field study was performed during the fall of 2007, which included a storm event that increased discharge from 3.1 to 6.9 m<sup>3</sup>/s over a 7 h period. During stable flow conditions before the storm, variability in patch-scale stream metabolism values were associated with sediment texture classes with values ranging from −16.4 to 2.3 g O<sub>2</sub></m<sup>2</sup>/d (negative sign indicates net respiration) that bounded the reach-averaged rate of −5.6 g O<sub>2</sub></m<sup>2</sup>/d. Hydraulic modeling of bed shear stresses demonstrated a storm-induced flow pulse mobilized approximately 25% of the bed and reach-scale metabolism rates shifted from −5 to −40 g O<sub>2</sub></m<sup>2</sup>/d. These results suggest that storm-induced bed disturbances led to threshold behavior with respect to stream metabolism. Small flow pulses resulted in partial-bed mobilization that disrupted stream metabolism by increased turbidity with short recovery times. Large flow pulses resulted in full-bed mobilization that disrupted stream metabolism by destroying periphyton habitats with long recovery times.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"AGU","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2011WR011488","usgsCitation":"O’Connor, B.L., Harvey, J.W., and McPhillips, L.E., 2012, Thresholds of flow-induced bed disturbances and their effects on stream metabolism in an agricultural river: Water Resources Research, v. 48, no. 8, W08504, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011WR011488.","productDescription":"W08504","ipdsId":"IP-037433","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474128,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011wr011488","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":270728,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270727,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011WR011488"}],"volume":"48","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51653873e4b077fa94dae026","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Connor, Ben L.","contributorId":38872,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Connor","given":"Ben","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harvey, Judson W. 0000-0002-2654-9873 jwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":1796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Judson","email":"jwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McPhillips, Lauren E.","contributorId":15491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McPhillips","given":"Lauren","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70044783,"text":"70044783 - 2012 - Estimating risks to aquatic life using quantile regression","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-21T14:19:06","indexId":"70044783","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1699,"text":"Freshwater Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating risks to aquatic life using quantile regression","docAbstract":"One of the primary goals of biological assessment is to assess whether contaminants or other stressors limit the ecological potential of running waters. It is important to interpret responses to contaminants relative to other environmental factors, but necessity or convenience limit quantification of all factors that influence ecological potential. In these situations, the concept of limiting factors is useful for data interpretation. We used quantile regression to measure risks to aquatic life exposed to metals by including all regression quantiles (τ  =  0.05–0.95, by increments of 0.05), not just the upper limit of density (e.g., 90<sup>th</sup> quantile). We measured population densities (individuals/0.1 m<sup>2</sup>) of 2 mayflies (Rhithrogena spp., Drunella spp.) and a caddisfly (Arctopsyche grandis), aqueous metal mixtures (Cd, Cu, Zn), and other limiting factors (basin area, site elevation, discharge, temperature) at 125 streams in Colorado. We used a model selection procedure to test which factor was most limiting to density. Arctopsyche grandis was limited by other factors, whereas metals limited most quantiles of density for the 2 mayflies. Metals reduced mayfly densities most at sites where other factors were not limiting. Where other factors were limiting, low mayfly densities were observed despite metal concentrations. Metals affected mayfly densities most at quantiles above the mean and not just at the upper limit of density. Risk models developed from quantile regression showed that mayfly densities observed at background metal concentrations are improbable when metal mixtures are at US Environmental Protection Agency criterion continuous concentrations. We conclude that metals limit potential density, not realized average density. The most obvious effects on mayfly populations were at upper quantiles and not mean density. Therefore, we suggest that policy developed from mean-based measures of effects may not be as useful as policy based on the concept of limiting factors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Freshwater Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Society for Freshwater Science","doi":"10.1899/11-133.1","usgsCitation":"Schmidt, T., Clements, W.H., and Cade, B.S., 2012, Estimating risks to aquatic life using quantile regression: Freshwater Science, v. 31, no. 3, p. 709-723, https://doi.org/10.1899/11-133.1.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"709","endPage":"723","ipdsId":"IP-017391","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":274071,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274070,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1899/11-133.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.06,36.99 ], [ -109.06,41.0 ], [ -102.04,41.0 ], [ -102.04,36.99 ], [ -109.06,36.99 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"31","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c59e33e4b0c89b8f120e27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmidt, Travis S. 0000-0003-1400-0637 tschmidt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1400-0637","contributorId":1300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Travis S.","email":"tschmidt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clements, William H.","contributorId":39504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clements","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cade, Brian S. 0000-0001-9623-9849 cadeb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9623-9849","contributorId":1278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cade","given":"Brian","email":"cadeb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70042904,"text":"70042904 - 2012 - Hotspot: the Snake River Geothermal Drilling Project--initial report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-04T11:42:40","indexId":"70042904","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1827,"text":"Geothermal Resources Council Transactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hotspot: the Snake River Geothermal Drilling Project--initial report","docAbstract":"The Snake River volcanic province (SRP) overlies a thermal anomaly that extends deep into the mantle; it represents one of the highest heat flow provinces in North America. The primary goal of this project is to evaluate geothermal potential in three distinct settings: (1) Kimama site: inferred high sub-aquifer geothermal gradient associated with the intrusion of mafic magmas, (2) Kimberly site: a valley-margin setting where surface heat flow may be driven by the up-flow of hot fluids along buried caldera ringfault complexes, and (3) Mountain Home site: a more traditional fault-bounded basin with thick sedimentary cover. The Kimama hole, on the axial volcanic zone, penetrated 1912 m of basalt with minor intercalated sediment; no rhyolite basement was encountered. Temperatures are isothermal through the aquifer (to 960 m), then rise steeply on a super-conductive gradient to an estimated bottom hole temperature of ~98°C. The Kimberly hole is on the inferred margin of a buried rhyolite eruptive center, penetrated rhyolite with intercalated basalt and sediment to a TD of 1958 m. Temperatures are isothermal at 55-60°C below 400 m, suggesting an immense passive geothermal resource. The Mountain Home hole is located above the margin of a buried gravity high in the western SRP. It penetrates a thick section of basalt and lacustrine sediment overlying altered basalt flows, hyaloclastites, and volcanic sediments, with a TD of 1821 m. Artesian flow of geothermal water from 1745 m depth documents a power-grade resource that is now being explored in more detail. In-depth studies continue at all three sites, complemented by high-resolution gravity, magnetic, and seismic surveys, and by downhole geophysical logging.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geothermal Resources Council Transactions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geothermal Resources Council","usgsCitation":"Shervais, J., Nielson, D., Lachmar, T., Christiansen, E.H., Morgan, L., Shanks, W., Delahunty, C., Schmitt, D., Liberty, L., Blackwell, D., Glen, J.M., Kessler, J., Potter, K., Jean, M., Sant, C., and Freeman, T., 2012, Hotspot: the Snake River Geothermal Drilling Project--initial report: Geothermal Resources Council Transactions, v. 36, p. 767-772.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"767","endPage":"772","ipdsId":"IP-042002","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273198,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273197,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.geothermal-library.org/index.php?mode=pubs&action=view&record=1030315"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Snake River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.0,40.75 ], [ -119.0,45.25 ], [ -109.66,45.25 ], [ -109.66,40.75 ], [ -119.0,40.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"36","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51af0c6ae4b08a3322c2c2f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shervais, J.W.","contributorId":14867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shervais","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nielson, D.","contributorId":55314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielson","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lachmar, T.","contributorId":99026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lachmar","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Christiansen, E. 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,{"id":70045443,"text":"70045443 - 2012 - Kaolin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-16T14:33:21","indexId":"70045443","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Kaolin","docAbstract":"Fifteen companies mined kaolin in nine states in 2011. Production, on the basis of preliminary data, was estimated to be 5.48 Mt (6.04 million st) valued at $822 million, an increase from 5.42 Mt (5.97 million st) valued at $788 million in 2010. Production in Georgia, the top producing state, increased to an estimated 5.1 Mt (5.62 million st) valued at $790 million in 2011 from 5.05 Mt (5.57 million st) valued at $757 million in 2010. Georgia accounted for 93 percent of U.S. production tonnage and nearly the entire domestic water-washed, delaminated and pigment-grade calcined kaolin production.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mining Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SME","publisherLocation":"Englewood, CO","usgsCitation":"Virta, R., 2012, Kaolin: Mining Engineering, v. 64, no. 6, p. 70-71.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"70","endPage":"71","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271005,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"516e72ede4b00154e4368c21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Virta, R.L.","contributorId":39357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Virta","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70045466,"text":"70045466 - 2012 - Impact of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill on a deep-water coral community in the Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-05T15:13:19","indexId":"70045466","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2982,"text":"PNAS","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impact of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill on a deep-water coral community in the Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"To assess the potential impact of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill on offshore ecosystems, 11 sites hosting deep-water coral communities were examined 3 to 4 mo after the well was capped. Healthy coral communities were observed at all sites >20 km from the Macondo well, including seven sites previously visited in September 2009, where the corals and communities appeared unchanged. However, at one site 11 km southwest of the Macondo well, coral colonies presented widespread signs of stress, including varying degrees of tissue loss, sclerite enlargement, excess mucous production, bleached commensal ophiuroids, and covering by brown flocculent material (floc). On the basis of these criteria the level of impact to individual colonies was ranked from 0 (least impact) to 4 (greatest impact). Of the 43 corals imaged at that site, 46% exhibited evidence of impact on more than half of the colony, whereas nearly a quarter of all of the corals showed impact to >90% of the colony. Additionally, 53% of these corals’ ophiuroid associates displayed abnormal color and/or attachment posture. Analysis of hopanoid petroleum biomarkers isolated from the floc provides strong evidence that this material contained oil from the Macondo well. The presence of recently damaged and deceased corals beneath the path of a previously documented plume emanating from the Macondo well provides compelling evidence that the oil impacted deep-water ecosystems. Our findings underscore the unprecedented nature of the spill in terms of its magnitude, release at depth, and impact to deep-water ecosystems.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PNAS","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1118029109","usgsCitation":"White, H.K., Hsing, P., Cho, W., Shank, T., Cordes, E.E., Quattrini, A., Nelson, R., Camilli, R., Demopoulos, A., German, C., Brooks, J.M., Roberts, H.H., Shedd, W., Reddy, C., and Fisher, C., 2012, Impact of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill on a deep-water coral community in the Gulf of Mexico: PNAS, v. 109, no. 50, p. 20303-20308, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1118029109.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"20303","endPage":"20308","ipdsId":"IP-033619","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474302,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1118029109","text":"External Repository"},{"id":273340,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273339,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1118029109"}],"otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.86,18.18 ], [ -97.86,30.4 ], [ -81.04,30.4 ], [ -81.04,18.18 ], [ -97.86,18.18 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"109","issue":"50","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-03-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b05de7e4b030b51980123f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Helen 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