{"pageNumber":"652","pageRowStart":"16275","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46883,"records":[{"id":70032572,"text":"70032572 - 2012 - Compression map, functional groups and fossilization: A chemometric approach (Pennsylvanian neuropteroid foliage, Canada)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-30T21:15:44.242628","indexId":"70032572","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Compression map, functional groups and fossilization: A chemometric approach (Pennsylvanian neuropteroid foliage, Canada)","docAbstract":"

Nearly all of the spectrochemical studies involving Carboniferous foliage of seed-ferns are based on a limited number of pinnules, mainly compressions. In contrast, in this paper we illustrate working with a larger pinnate segment, i.e., a 22-cm long neuropteroid specimen, compression-preserved with cuticle, the compression map. The objective is to study preservation variability on a larger scale, where observation of transparency/opacity of constituent pinnules is used as a first approximation for assessing the degree of pinnule coalification/fossilization. Spectrochemical methods by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry furnish semi-quantitative data for principal component analysis.

The compression map shows a high degree of preservation variability, which ranges from comparatively more coalified pinnules to less coalified pinnules that resemble fossilized-cuticles, noting that the pinnule midveins are preserved more like fossilized-cuticles. A general overall trend of coalified pinnules towards fossilized-cuticles, i.e., variable chemistry, is inferred from the semi-quantitative FTIR data as higher contents of aromatic compounds occur in the visually more opaque upper location of the compression map. The latter also shows a higher condensation of the aromatic nuclei along with some variation in both ring size and degree of aromatic substitution. From principal component analysis we infer correspondence between transparency/opacity observation and chemical information which correlate with varying degree to fossilization/coalification among pinnules.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2011.11.009","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"D’Angelo, J.A., Zodrow, E., and Mastalerz, M., 2012, Compression map, functional groups and fossilization: A chemometric approach (Pennsylvanian neuropteroid foliage, Canada): International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 90-91, p. 149-155, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2011.11.009.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"149","endPage":"155","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241725,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214038,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2011.11.009"}],"country":"Canada","state":"Nova Scotia","otherGeospatial":"Sydney Coalfield","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -60.75439453125,\n 47.15984001304432\n ],\n [\n -63.78662109375001,\n 46.9502622421856\n ],\n [\n -66.59912109375,\n 44.465151013519616\n ],\n [\n -65.85205078125,\n 42.85985981506279\n ],\n [\n -59.26025390625,\n 45.874712248904764\n ],\n [\n -60.75439453125,\n 47.15984001304432\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"90-91","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f946e4b0c8380cd4d536","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"D’Angelo, J. A.","contributorId":35133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"D’Angelo","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zodrow, E.L.","contributorId":99328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zodrow","given":"E.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mastalerz, Maria","contributorId":105788,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mastalerz","given":"Maria","affiliations":[{"id":17608,"text":"Indiana Univesity","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":436876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032565,"text":"70032565 - 2012 - Mapping carbon flux uncertainty and selecting optimal locations for future flux towers in the Great Plains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-23T13:12:35","indexId":"70032565","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2602,"text":"Landscape Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping carbon flux uncertainty and selecting optimal locations for future flux towers in the Great Plains","docAbstract":"Flux tower networks (e. g., AmeriFlux, Agriflux) provide continuous observations of ecosystem exchanges of carbon (e. g., net ecosystem exchange), water vapor (e. g., evapotranspiration), and energy between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere. The long-term time series of flux tower data are essential for studying and understanding terrestrial carbon cycles, ecosystem services, and climate changes. Currently, there are 13 flux towers located within the Great Plains (GP). The towers are sparsely distributed and do not adequately represent the varieties of vegetation cover types, climate conditions, and geophysical and biophysical conditions in the GP. This study assessed how well the available flux towers represent the environmental conditions or \"ecological envelopes\" across the GP and identified optimal locations for future flux towers in the GP. Regression-based remote sensing and weather-driven net ecosystem production (NEP) models derived from different extrapolation ranges (10 and 50%) were used to identify areas where ecological conditions were poorly represented by the flux tower sites and years previously used for mapping grassland fluxes. The optimal lands suitable for future flux towers within the GP were mapped. Results from this study provide information to optimize the usefulness of future flux towers in the GP and serve as a proxy for the uncertainty of the NEP map.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landscape Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10980-011-9699-7","issn":"09212973","usgsCitation":"Gu, Y., Howard, D., Wylie, B.K., and Zhang, L., 2012, Mapping carbon flux uncertainty and selecting optimal locations for future flux towers in the Great Plains: Landscape Ecology, v. 27, no. 3, p. 319-326, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-011-9699-7.","startPage":"319","endPage":"326","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241589,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213917,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-011-9699-7"}],"volume":"27","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5053e4b0c8380cd6b5f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gu, Yingxin 0000-0002-3544-1856 ygu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3544-1856","contributorId":139586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gu","given":"Yingxin","email":"ygu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Howard, Daniel M. 0000-0002-7563-7538 dhoward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7563-7538","contributorId":139585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Daniel M.","email":"dhoward@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":436836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wylie, Bruce K. 0000-0002-7374-1083 wylie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7374-1083","contributorId":750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wylie","given":"Bruce","email":"wylie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zhang, Li","contributorId":98139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Li","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70032554,"text":"70032554 - 2012 - Ecological controls on the shell geochemistry of pink and white Globigerinoides ruber in the northern Gulf of Mexico: implications for paleoceanographic reconstruction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-14T10:15:16","indexId":"70032554","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2673,"text":"Marine Micropaleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecological controls on the shell geochemistry of pink and white Globigerinoides ruber in the northern Gulf of Mexico: implications for paleoceanographic reconstruction","docAbstract":"We evaluate the relationship between foraminiferal test size and shell geochemistry (δ13C, δ18O, and Mg/Ca) for two of the most commonly used planktonic foraminifers for paleoceanographic reconstruction in the subtropical Atlantic Ocean: the pink and white varieties of Globigerinoides ruber. Geochemical analyses were performed on foraminifera from modern core-top samples of high-accumulation rate basins in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Mg/Ca analysis indicates a positive relationship with test size, increasing by 1.1 mmol/mol (~ 2.5 °C) from the smallest (150–212 μm) to largest (> 500 μm) size fractions of G. ruber (pink), but with no significant relationship in G. ruber (white). In comparison, oxygen isotope data indicate a negative relationship with test size, decreasing by 0.6‰ across the size range of both pink and white G. ruber. The observed increase in Mg/Ca and decrease in δ18O are consistent with an increase in calcification temperature of 0.7 °C per 100 μm increase in test size, suggesting differences in the seasonal and/or depth distribution among size fractions. Overall, these results stress the necessity for using a consistent size fraction in downcore paleoceanographic studies. In addition, we compare downcore records of δ18O and Mg/Ca from pink and white G. ruber in a decadal-resolution 1000-year sedimentary record from the Pigmy Basin. Based on this comparison we conclude that pink G. ruber is calcifying in warmer waters than co-occurring white G. ruber, suggesting differences in the relative seasonal distribution and depth habitat of the two varieties.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Micropaleontology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marmicro.2011.10.002","issn":"03778398","usgsCitation":"Richey, J.N., Poore, R.Z., Flower, B.P., and Hollander, D.J., 2012, Ecological controls on the shell geochemistry of pink and white Globigerinoides ruber in the northern Gulf of Mexico: implications for paleoceanographic reconstruction: Marine Micropaleontology, v. 82-83, p. 28-37, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2011.10.002.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"28","endPage":"37","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":213790,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2011.10.002"},{"id":241449,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.9,18.2 ], [ -97.9,30.4 ], [ -81.0,30.4 ], [ -81.0,18.2 ], [ -97.9,18.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"82-83","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a054de4b0c8380cd50d41","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richey, Julie N. 0000-0002-2319-7980 jrichey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2319-7980","contributorId":5182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richey","given":"Julie","email":"jrichey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":436796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poore, Richard Z. rpoore@usgs.gov","contributorId":345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poore","given":"Richard","email":"rpoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":436795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flower, Benjamin P.","contributorId":100620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flower","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hollander, David J.","contributorId":11421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hollander","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70032540,"text":"70032540 - 2012 - A multi-source satellite data approach for modelling Lake Turkana water level: Calibration and validation using satellite altimetry data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-30T21:58:43.196979","indexId":"70032540","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1928,"text":"Hydrology and Earth System Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A multi-source satellite data approach for modelling Lake Turkana water level: Calibration and validation using satellite altimetry data","docAbstract":"

Lake Turkana is one of the largest desert lakes in the world and is characterized by high degrees of inter- and intra-annual fluctuations. The hydrology and water balance of this lake have not been well understood due to its remote location and unavailability of reliable ground truth datasets. Managing surface water resources is a great challenge in areas where in-situ data are either limited or unavailable. In this study, multi-source satellite-driven data such as satellite-based rainfall estimates, modelled runoff, evapotranspiration, and a digital elevation dataset were used to model Lake Turkana water levels from 1998 to 2009. Due to the unavailability of reliable lake level data, an approach is presented to calibrate and validate the water balance model of Lake Turkana using a composite lake level product of TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1, and ENVISAT satellite altimetry data. Model validation results showed that the satellite-driven water balance model can satisfactorily capture the patterns and seasonal variations of the Lake Turkana water level fluctuations with a Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.90 and a Nash-Sutcliffe Coefficient of Efficiency (NSCE) of 0.80 during the validation period (2004–2009). Model error estimates were within 10% of the natural variability of the lake. Our analysis indicated that fluctuations in Lake Turkana water levels are mainly driven by lake inflows and over-the-lake evaporation. Over-the-lake rainfall contributes only up to 30% of lake evaporative demand. During the modelling time period, Lake Turkana showed seasonal variations of 1–2 m. The lake level fluctuated in the range up to 4 m between the years 1998–2009. This study demonstrated the usefulness of satellite altimetry data to calibrate and validate the satellite-driven hydrological model for Lake Turkana without using any in-situ data. Furthermore, for Lake Turkana, we identified and outlined opportunities and challenges of using a calibrated satellite-driven water balance model for (i) quantitative assessment of the impact of basin developmental activities on lake levels and for (ii) forecasting lake level changes and their impact on fisheries. From this study, we suggest that globally available satellite altimetry data provide a unique opportunity for calibration and validation of hydrologic models in ungauged basins.

","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","publisherLocation":"Munich, Germany","doi":"10.5194/hess-16-1-2012","issn":"10275606","usgsCitation":"Velpuri, N., Senay, G., and Asante, K., 2012, A multi-source satellite data approach for modelling Lake Turkana water level: Calibration and validation using satellite altimetry data: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, v. 16, no. 1, p. 1-18, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-1-2012.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"18","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474744,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-1-2012","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241758,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214070,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-1-2012"}],"country":"Kenya","otherGeospatial":"Lake Turkana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 35.79345703125,\n 2.4162756547063857\n ],\n [\n 36.8701171875,\n 2.4162756547063857\n ],\n [\n 36.8701171875,\n 4.718777551249855\n ],\n [\n 35.79345703125,\n 4.718777551249855\n ],\n [\n 35.79345703125,\n 2.4162756547063857\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-01-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e48be4b0c8380cd466ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Velpuri, N.M. 0000-0002-6370-1926","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6370-1926","contributorId":66495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Velpuri","given":"N.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Senay, Gabriel B. 0000-0002-8810-8539 senay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":152206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"Gabriel B.","email":"senay@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":436729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Asante, K.O. 0000-0001-5408-1852","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5408-1852","contributorId":17051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asante","given":"K.O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032504,"text":"70032504 - 2012 - A preliminary assessment of the spatial sources of contemporary suspended sediment in the Ohio River basin, United States, using water quality data from the NASQAN programme in a source tracing procedure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-30T22:59:35.127641","indexId":"70032504","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A preliminary assessment of the spatial sources of contemporary suspended sediment in the Ohio River basin, United States, using water quality data from the NASQAN programme in a source tracing procedure","docAbstract":"

Reliable information on catchment scale suspended sediment sources is required to inform the design of management strategies for helping abate the numerous environmental issues associated with enhanced sediment mobilization and off‐site loadings. Since sediment fingerprinting techniques avoid many of the logistical constraints associated with using more traditional indirect measurement methods at catchment scale, such approaches have been increasingly reported in the international literature and typically use data sets collected specifically for sediment source apportionment purposes. There remains scope for investigating the potential for using geochemical data sets assembled by routine monitoring programmes to fingerprint sediment provenance. In the United States, routine water quality samples are collected as part of the US Geological Survey's revised National Stream Quality Accounting Network programme. Accordingly, the geochemistry data generated from these samples over a 10‐year period (1996–2006) were used as the basis for a fingerprinting exercise to assess the key tributary sub‐catchment spatial sources of contemporary suspended sediment transported by the Ohio River. Uncertainty associated with the spatial source estimates was quantified using a Monte Carlo approach in conjunction with mass balance modelling. Relative frequency weighted means were used as an alternative way of summarizing the spatial source contributions, thereby avoiding the need to use confidence limits. The results should be interpreted in the context of the routine, but infrequent nature, of the suspended sediment samples used to assemble geochemistry as a basis for the sourcing exercise. Nonetheless, the study demonstrates how routine monitoring samples can be used to provide some preliminary information on sediment provenance in large drainage basins.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.8128","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Zhang, Y., Collins, A., and Horowitz, A.J., 2012, A preliminary assessment of the spatial sources of contemporary suspended sediment in the Ohio River basin, United States, using water quality data from the NASQAN programme in a source tracing procedure: Hydrological Processes, v. 26, no. 3, p. 326-334, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.8128.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"326","endPage":"334","costCenters":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241756,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214068,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.8128"}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee, Ohio, West Virginia, Pennsylvania, Indiana, Kentucky","otherGeospatial":"Ohio River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.5390625,\n 41.705728515237524\n ],\n [\n -87.978515625,\n 37.71859032558816\n ],\n [\n -90,\n 35.460669951495305\n ],\n [\n -84.19921875,\n 35.24561909420681\n ],\n [\n -81.73828125,\n 37.996162679728116\n ],\n [\n -80.15625,\n 40.17887331434696\n ],\n [\n -80.068359375,\n 41.77131167976407\n ],\n [\n -84.19921875,\n 41.96765920367816\n ],\n [\n -87.5390625,\n 41.705728515237524\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4f1e4b0c8380cd46a2e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, Y.-S.","contributorId":94057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Y.-S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collins, A.L.","contributorId":67741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Horowitz, Arthur J. 0000-0002-3296-730X horowitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3296-730X","contributorId":1400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horowitz","given":"Arthur","email":"horowitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032503,"text":"70032503 - 2012 - Assessment of pingo distribution and morphometry using an IfSAR derived digital surface model, western Arctic Coastal Plain, Northern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-07T12:20:33","indexId":"70032503","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of pingo distribution and morphometry using an IfSAR derived digital surface model, western Arctic Coastal Plain, Northern Alaska","docAbstract":"

Pingos are circular to elongate ice-cored mounds that form by injection and freezing of pressurized water in near-surface permafrost. Here we use a digital surface model (DSM) derived from an airborne Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (IfSAR) system to assess the distribution and morphometry of pingos within a 40,000 km2 area on the western Arctic Coastal Plain of northern Alaska. We have identified 1247 pingo forms in the study region, ranging in height from 2 to 21 m, with a mean height of 4.6 m. Pingos in this region are of hydrostatic origin, with 98% located within 995 drained lake basins, most of which are underlain by thick eolian sand deposits. The highest pingo density (0.18 km− 2) occurs where streams have reworked these deposits. Morphometric analyses indicate that most pingos are small to medium in size (< 200 m diameter), gently to moderately sloping (< 30°), circular to slightly elongate (mean circularity index of 0.88), and of relatively low height (2 to 5 m). However, 57 pingos stand higher than 10 m, 26 have a maximum slope greater than 30°, and 42 are larger than 200 m in diameter. Comparison with a legacy pingo dataset based on 1950s stereo-pair photography indicates that 66 may have partially or completely collapsed over the last half-century. However, we mapped over 400 pingos not identified in the legacy dataset, and identified only three higher than 2 m to have formed between ca. 1955 and ca. 2005, indicating that caution should be taken when comparing contemporary and legacy datasets derived by different techniques. This comprehensive database of pingo location and morphometry based on an IfSAR DSM may prove useful for land and resource managers as well as aid in the identification of pingo-like features on Mars.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.08.007","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"Jones, B.M., Grosse, G., Hinkel, K.M., Arp, C., Walker, S., Beck, R., and Galloway, J., 2012, Assessment of pingo distribution and morphometry using an IfSAR derived digital surface model, western Arctic Coastal Plain, Northern Alaska: Geomorphology, v. 138, no. 1, p. 1-14, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.08.007.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"14","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241755,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214067,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.08.007"}],"volume":"138","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee48e4b0c8380cd49c89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Benjamin M. 0000-0002-1517-4711 bjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-4711","contributorId":2286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Benjamin","email":"bjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grosse, G.","contributorId":82140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grosse","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hinkel, Kenneth M.","contributorId":15405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinkel","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Arp, C.D.","contributorId":54715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arp","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Walker, S.","contributorId":71777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Beck, R.A.","contributorId":44246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beck","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Galloway, J. P.","contributorId":19142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70032500,"text":"70032500 - 2012 - Why farmers adopt best management practice in the United States: A meta-analysis of the adoption literature","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-10T14:03:22","indexId":"70032500","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2258,"text":"Journal of Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Why farmers adopt best management practice in the United States: A meta-analysis of the adoption literature","docAbstract":"This meta-analysis of both published and unpublished studies assesses factors believed to influence adoption of agricultural Best Management Practices in the United States. Using an established statistical technique to summarize the adoption literature in the United States, we identified the following variables as having the largest impact on adoption: access to and quality of information, financial capacity, and being connected to agency or local networks of farmers or watershed groups. This study shows that various approaches to data collection affect the results and comparability of adoption studies. In particular, environmental awareness and farmer attitudes have been inconsistently used and measured across the literature. This meta-analysis concludes with suggestions regarding the future direction of adoption studies, along with guidelines for how data should be presented to enhance the adoption of conservation practices and guide research.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.10.006","issn":"03014797","usgsCitation":"Baumgart-Getz, A., Stalker Prokopy, L., and Floress, K., 2012, Why farmers adopt best management practice in the United States: A meta-analysis of the adoption literature: Journal of Environmental Management, v. 96, no. 1, p. 17-25, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.10.006.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"25","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":214033,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.10.006"},{"id":241720,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"96","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd0a2e4b08c986b32ef8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baumgart-Getz, Adam","contributorId":44365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baumgart-Getz","given":"Adam","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stalker Prokopy, Linda","contributorId":73419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stalker Prokopy","given":"Linda","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Floress, Kristin","contributorId":106326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Floress","given":"Kristin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032499,"text":"70032499 - 2012 - Rapid microsatellite identification from illumina paired-end genomic sequencing in two birds and a snake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-01T16:46:54.8807","indexId":"70032499","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rapid microsatellite identification from illumina paired-end genomic sequencing in two birds and a snake","docAbstract":"

Identification of microsatellites, or simple sequence repeats (SSRs), can be a time-consuming and costly investment requiring enrichment, cloning, and sequencing of candidate loci. Recently, however, high throughput sequencing (with or without prior enrichment for specific SSR loci) has been utilized to identify SSR loci. The direct “Seq-to-SSR” approach has an advantage over enrichment-based strategies in that it does not require a priori selection of particular motifs, or prior knowledge of genomic SSR content. It has been more expensive per SSR locus recovered, however, particularly for genomes with few SSR loci, such as bird genomes. The longer but relatively more expensive 454 reads have been preferred over less expensive Illumina reads. Here, we use Illumina paired-end sequence data to identify potentially amplifiable SSR loci (PALs) from a snake (the Burmese python, Python molurus bivittatus), and directly compare these results to those from 454 data. We also compare the python results to results from Illumina sequencing of two bird genomes (Gunnison Sage-grouse, Centrocercus minimus, and Clark's Nutcracker, Nucifraga columbiana), which have considerably fewer SSRs than the python. We show that direct Illumina Seq-to-SSR can identify and characterize thousands of potentially amplifiable SSR loci for as little as $10 per sample – a fraction of the cost of 454 sequencing. Given that Illumina Seq-to-SSR is effective, inexpensive, and reliable even for species such as birds that have few SSR loci, it seems that there are now few situations for which prior hybridization is justifiable.

","language":"English","publisher":"PLoS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0030953","issn":"19326203","usgsCitation":"Castoe, T., Poole, A., de Koning, A., Jones, K., Tomback, D., Oyler-McCance, S.J., Fike, J.A., Lance, S., Streicher, J., Smith, E., and Pollock, D., 2012, Rapid microsatellite identification from illumina paired-end genomic sequencing in two birds and a snake: PLoS ONE, v. 7, no. 2, e30953, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0030953.","productDescription":"e30953, 10 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474679,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0030953","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":214000,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0030953"},{"id":241684,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-02-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a94f3e4b0c8380cd81700","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Castoe, T.A.","contributorId":78951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castoe","given":"T.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poole, A.W.","contributorId":86181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poole","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"de Koning, A. P. J.","contributorId":89363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"de Koning","given":"A. P. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, K.L.","contributorId":102024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tomback, D.F.","contributorId":91805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tomback","given":"D.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Oyler-McCance, Sara J. 0000-0003-1599-8769 sara_oyler-mccance@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1599-8769","contributorId":1973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oyler-McCance","given":"Sara","email":"sara_oyler-mccance@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fike, Jennifer A. 0000-0001-8797-7823 fikej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8797-7823","contributorId":140875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fike","given":"Jennifer","email":"fikej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lance, S.L.","contributorId":45414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lance","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Streicher, J.W.","contributorId":30462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Streicher","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Smith, E.N.","contributorId":42796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"E.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Pollock, D.D.","contributorId":28081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollock","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70032480,"text":"70032480 - 2012 - Evaluating the demographic buffering hypothesis with vital rates estimated for Weddell seals from 30years of mark-recapture data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-01T17:04:51.911188","indexId":"70032480","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2158,"text":"Journal of Animal Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating the demographic buffering hypothesis with vital rates estimated for Weddell seals from 30years of mark-recapture data","docAbstract":"

1. Life‐history theory predicts that those vital rates that make larger contributions to population growth rate ought to be more strongly buffered against environmental variability than are those that are less important. Despite the importance of the theory for predicting demographic responses to changes in the environment, it is not yet known how pervasive demographic buffering is in animal populations because the validity of most existing studies has been called into question because of methodological deficiencies.

2. We tested for demographic buffering in the southern‐most breeding mammal population in the world using data collected from 5558 known‐age female Weddell seals over 30 years. We first estimated all vital rates simultaneously with mark–recapture analysis and then estimated process variance and covariance in those rates using a hierarchical Bayesian approach. We next calculated the population growth rate’s sensitivity to changes in each of the vital rates and tested for evidence of demographic buffering by comparing properly scaled values of sensitivity and process variance in vital rates.

3. We found evidence of positive process covariance between vital rates, which indicates that all vital rates are affected in the same direction by changes in annual environment. Despite the positive correlations, we found strong evidence that demographic buffering occurred through reductions in variation in the vital rates to which population growth rate was most sensitive. Process variation in vital rates was inversely related to sensitivity measures such that variation was greatest in breeding probabilities, intermediate for survival rates of young animals and lowest for survival rates of older animals.

4. Our work contributes to a small but growing set of studies that have used rigorous methods on long‐term, detailed data to investigate demographic responses to environmental variation. The information from these studies improves our understanding of life‐history evolution in stochastic environments and provides useful information for predicting population responses to future environmental change. Our results for an Antarctic apex predator also provide useful baselines from a marine ecosystem when its top‐ and middle‐trophic levels were not substantially impacted by human activity.

","language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2656.2011.01902.x","issn":"00218790","usgsCitation":"Rotella, J., Link, W.A., Chambert, T., Stauffer, G., and Garrott, R., 2012, Evaluating the demographic buffering hypothesis with vital rates estimated for Weddell seals from 30years of mark-recapture data: Journal of Animal Ecology, v. 81, no. 1, p. 162-173, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2011.01902.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"162","endPage":"173","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":474650,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2011.01902.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":213722,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2011.01902.x"},{"id":241377,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"81","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0bf6e4b0c8380cd52980","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rotella, J.J.","contributorId":105828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rotella","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Link, William A. 0000-0002-9913-0256 wlink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9913-0256","contributorId":146920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Link","given":"William","email":"wlink@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chambert, T.","contributorId":51102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chambert","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stauffer, G.E.","contributorId":59253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stauffer","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Garrott, R.A.","contributorId":40705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrott","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70032476,"text":"70032476 - 2012 - Water utilization of the Cretaceous Mussentuchit Member local vertebrate fauna, Cedar Mountain Formation, Utah, USA: Using oxygen isotopic composition of phosphate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-01T17:18:14.687551","indexId":"70032476","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water utilization of the Cretaceous Mussentuchit Member local vertebrate fauna, Cedar Mountain Formation, Utah, USA: Using oxygen isotopic composition of phosphate","docAbstract":"

While the oxygen isotopic composition of pedogenic carbonate has successfully been used to address the effects of global climate change on the hydrologic cycle, detailed regional paleohydrologic studies are lacking. Since the hydrologic cycle can vary extensively on local or regional scales due to events such as such as mountain building, and since pedogenic carbonates (calcite) form in a narrow moisture regime, other proxies, such as vertebrate remains, must be used to decipher local versus regional variations in paleohydrology. In this study, the oxygen isotopic composition (δ18Op) of phosphatic remains from a diverse set of vertebrate fossils (fish, turtles, crocodiles, dinosaurs, and micro-mammals) from the Mussentuchit Member (MM) of the Cedar Mountain Formation, Utah, USA (Aptian to Cenomanian) are analyzed in order to determine differences among the available water reservoirs and water utilization of each taxon. Calculated changes in water reservoir δ18Ow over time are then used to determine the effects of the incursion of the Western Interior Seaway (WIS) and the Sevier Mountains on paleohydrology during the MM time.

Calculation of δ18Ow from the results of isotopic analysis of phosphate oxygen suggests that turtles and crocodiles serve as another proxy for meteoric water δ18O that can be used as a measure of average local precipitation δ18Ow similar to pedogenic calcite. Pedogenic calcites can be slightly biased toward higher values, however, due to their formation during evaporative conditions. Turtles and crocodiles can be used in place of pedogenic calcite in environments that are not conducive to pedogenic carbonate formation. Remains of fish with rounded tooth morphology have δ18Op values that predict temperatures consistent with other estimates of mean annual temperature for this latitude and time. The δ18Op of ganoid scales and teeth with pointed morphology, however, indicates that these skeletal materials were precipitated from water that is 18O-enriched due to migration to either evaporatively enriched water, or 18O-enriched estuarine waters of the Western Interior Seaway (WIS). Another possibility that cannot be discounted and assuming all morphological remains are from the same taxon, is that the pointed teeth and ganoid scales precipitated at different temperatures than rounded teeth. Mammal and herbivorous dinosaur δ18Op suggests they primarily drank isotopically depleted river water. Co-existence of crocodiles, turtles, and mammals allows for calculation of relative humidity from site to site and these calculations suggest humidity averaged ~ 58% and ranged between ~ 42% and ~ 76%.

The δ18Ow values estimated from semi-aquatic taxa and pedogenic calcite suggest dominance of WIS-derived moisture during their growth. Herbivorous dinosaurs particularly indicate that altitude and catchment effects from the Sevier Mountains are seemingly important for river water δ18Ow in the fall through early spring. These data suggest that temporal changes in the isotopic composition of the MM fauna are produced by the small-scale regressive–transgressive cycles of the WIS.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.10.011","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Suarez, C., Gonzalez, L.A., Ludvigson, G., Cifelli, R., and Tremain, E., 2012, Water utilization of the Cretaceous Mussentuchit Member local vertebrate fauna, Cedar Mountain Formation, Utah, USA: Using oxygen isotopic composition of phosphate: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 313-314, p. 78-92, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.10.011.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"78","endPage":"92","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241311,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213662,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.10.011"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Cedar Mountain Formation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.4512939453125,\n 40.250184183819854\n ],\n [\n -109.0777587890625,\n 40.250184183819854\n ],\n [\n -109.0777587890625,\n 40.79301881008675\n ],\n [\n -109.4512939453125,\n 40.79301881008675\n ],\n [\n -109.4512939453125,\n 40.250184183819854\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"313-314","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bccc4e4b08c986b32dcfb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Suarez, C.A.","contributorId":80089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suarez","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gonzalez, Luis A.","contributorId":20922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gonzalez","given":"Luis","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ludvigson, G.A.","contributorId":90528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludvigson","given":"G.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cifelli, R.L.","contributorId":52798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cifelli","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tremain, E.","contributorId":73416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tremain","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70032468,"text":"70032468 - 2012 - Oxygen and sulfur isotope systematics of sulfate produced during abiotic and bacterial oxidation of sphalerite and elemental sulfur","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-02T12:51:10.868614","indexId":"70032468","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oxygen and sulfur isotope systematics of sulfate produced during abiotic and bacterial oxidation of sphalerite and elemental sulfur","docAbstract":"

Studies of metal sulfide oxidation in acid mine drainage (AMD) systems have primarily focused on pyrite oxidation, although acid soluble sulfides (e.g., ZnS) are predominantly responsible for the release of toxic metals. We conducted a series of biological and abiotic laboratory oxidation experiments with pure and Fe-bearing sphalerite (ZnS & Zn0.88Fe0.12S), respectively, in order to better understand the effects of sulfide mineralogy and associated biogeochemical controls of oxidation on the resultant δ34S and δ18O values of the sulfate produced. The minerals were incubated in the presence and absence of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans at an initial solution pH of 3 and with water of varying δ18O values to determine the relative contributions of H2O-derived and O2-derived oxygen in the newly formed sulfate. . Experiments were conducted under aerobic and anaerobic conditions using O2 and Fe(III)aq as the oxidants, respectively. Aerobic incubations with A. ferrooxidans, and So as the sole energy source were also conducted. The &#x3B4;34SSO4\">δ34SSO4 values from both the biological and abiotic oxidation of ZnS and ZnSFe by Fe(III)aq produced sulfur isotope fractionations (&#x3B5;34SSO4-ZnS\">ε34SSO4-ZnS) of up to −2.6‰, suggesting the accumulation of sulfur intermediates during incomplete oxidation of the sulfide. No significant sulfur isotope fractionation was observed from any of the aerobic experiments. Negative sulfur isotope enrichment factors (&#x3B5;34SSO4-ZnS\">ε34SSO4-ZnS) in AMD systems could reflect anaerobic, rather than aerobic pathways of oxidation. During the biological and abiotic oxidation of ZnS and ZnSFe by Fe(III)aq all of the sulfate oxygen was derived from water, with measured &#x3B5;18OSO4-H2O\">ε18OSO4-H2O values of 8.2 ± 0.2‰ and 7.5 ± 0.1‰, respectively. Also, during the aerobic oxidation of ZnSFe and So by A. ferrooxidans, all of the sulfate oxygen was derived from water with similar measured &#x3B5;18OSO4-H2O\">ε18OSO4-H2O values of 8.1 ± 0.1‰ and 8.3 ± 0.3‰, respectively. During biological oxidation of ZnS by O2, an estimated 8% of sulfate–oxygen was derived from O2, which is enriched in 18O relative to water, thus resulting in a larger apparent &#x3B5;18OSO4-H2O\">ε18OSO4-H2O value of 9.5‰. Based on the data presented we hypothesize that the similar &#x3B5;18OSO4-H2O\">ε18OSO4-H2O values of ∼8‰ from all of the aerobic and anaerobic experiments result from a common rate-limiting step that involves oxygen isotopic exchange between a sulfite (SO3-\">SO3-) intermediate and H2O. Our results indicate that the &#x3B4;18OSO4\">δ18OSO4 values cannot be used to distinguish biological and abiotic, nor aerobic versus anaerobic, pathways of sphalerite oxidation. However, the &#x3B5;18OSO4-H2O\">ε18OSO4-H2O values of ∼8‰ measured here are distinctly higher than &#x3B5;18OSO4-H2O\">ε18OSO4-H2O values of ∼4‰ previously reported for pyrite oxidation indicating the influence of sulfide mineralogy on measured &#x3B4;18OSO4\">δ18OSO4 values.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2011.10.022","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Balci, N., Mayer, B., Shanks, W.C., and Mandernack, K., 2012, Oxygen and sulfur isotope systematics of sulfate produced during abiotic and bacterial oxidation of sphalerite and elemental sulfur: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 77, p. 335-351, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2011.10.022.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"335","endPage":"351","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241682,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213998,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2011.10.022"}],"volume":"77","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7286e4b0c8380cd76b53","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Balci, N.","contributorId":15005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balci","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mayer, B.","contributorId":84538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayer","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shanks, W. C. Pat III 0000-0001-5336-3954","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5336-3954","contributorId":240915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanks","given":"W.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"C. Pat","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mandernack, K.W.","contributorId":68913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mandernack","given":"K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70032380,"text":"70032380 - 2012 - The hidden cost of wildfires: Economic valuation of health effects of wildfire smoke exposure in Southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-02T17:24:52.445579","indexId":"70032380","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2295,"text":"Journal of Forest Economics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The hidden cost of wildfires: Economic valuation of health effects of wildfire smoke exposure in Southern California","docAbstract":"

There is a growing concern that human health impacts from exposure to wildfire smoke are ignored in estimates of monetized damages from wildfires. Current research highlights the need for better data collection and analysis of these impacts. Using unique primary data, this paper quantifies the economic cost of health effects from the largest wildfire in Los Angeles County's modern history. A cost of illness estimate is \\$9.50 per exposed person per day. However, theory and empirical research consistently find that this measure largely underestimates the true economic cost of health effects from exposure to a pollutant in that it ignores the cost of defensive actions taken as well as disutility. For the first time, the defensive behavior method is applied to calculate the willingness to pay for a reduction in one wildfire smoke induced symptom day, which is estimated to be \\$84.42 per exposed person per day.

","language":"English","publisher":"now publishers inc.","doi":"10.1016/j.jfe.2011.05.002","issn":"11046899","usgsCitation":"Richardson, L., Champ, P., and Loomis, J., 2012, The hidden cost of wildfires: Economic valuation of health effects of wildfire smoke exposure in Southern California: Journal of Forest Economics, v. 18, no. 1, p. 14-35, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfe.2011.05.002.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"14","endPage":"35","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241336,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213685,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfe.2011.05.002"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Southern California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.9814453125,\n 34.95799531086792\n ],\n [\n -120.89355468749999,\n 34.379712580462204\n ],\n [\n -118.740234375,\n 32.76880048488168\n ],\n [\n -114.697265625,\n 32.84267363195431\n ],\n [\n -113.73046875,\n 34.379712580462204\n ],\n [\n -116.3232421875,\n 36.63316209558658\n ],\n [\n -122.16796875,\n 36.38591277287651\n ],\n [\n -120.9814453125,\n 34.95799531086792\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bacb7e4b08c986b3236b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richardson, L.A.","contributorId":88960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richardson","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Champ, P.A.","contributorId":55649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Champ","given":"P.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Loomis, J.B.","contributorId":55985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loomis","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70035521,"text":"70035521 - 2012 - Using multitemporal remote sensing imagery and inundation measures to improve land change estimates in coastal wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-17T12:57:50.879427","indexId":"70035521","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using multitemporal remote sensing imagery and inundation measures to improve land change estimates in coastal wetlands","docAbstract":"

Remote sensing imagery can be an invaluable resource to quantify land change in coastal wetlands. Obtaining an accurate measure of land change can, however, be complicated by differences in fluvial and tidal inundation experienced when the imagery is captured. This study classified Landsat imagery from two wetland areas in coastal Louisiana from 1983 to 2010 into categories of land and water. Tide height, river level, and date were used as independent variables in a multiple regression model to predict land area in the Wax Lake Delta (WLD) and compare those estimates with an adjacent marsh area lacking direct fluvial inputs. Coefficients of determination from regressions using both measures of water level along with date as predictor variables of land extent in the WLD, were higher than those obtained using the current methodology which only uses date to predict land change. Land change trend estimates were also improved when the data were divided by time period. Water level corrected land gain in the WLD from 1983 to 2010 was 1 km2 year−1, while rates in the adjacent marsh remained roughly constant. This approach of isolating environmental variability due to changing water levels improves estimates of actual land change in a dynamic system, so that other processes that may control delta development such as hurricanes, floods, and sediment delivery, may be further investigated.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s12237-011-9437-z","issn":"15592723","usgsCitation":"Allen, Y., Couvillion, B., and Barras, J., 2012, Using multitemporal remote sensing imagery and inundation measures to improve land change estimates in coastal wetlands: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 35, no. 1, p. 190-200, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-011-9437-z.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"190","endPage":"200","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243907,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Lousianna","otherGeospatial":"Atchafalaya Deltas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.6314697265625,\n 29.703560887190708\n ],\n [\n -91.65481567382812,\n 29.543593066460595\n ],\n [\n -91.51199340820312,\n 29.30077105450428\n ],\n [\n -91.30462646484375,\n 29.31154884819602\n ],\n [\n -91.14257812499999,\n 29.433617570990965\n ],\n [\n -91.6314697265625,\n 29.703560887190708\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"35","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc019e4b08c986b329f1d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, Y.C.","contributorId":63761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Y.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Couvillion, B.R. 0000-0001-5323-1687","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5323-1687","contributorId":26540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Couvillion","given":"B.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barras, J.A.","contributorId":44260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barras","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032224,"text":"70032224 - 2012 - Distribution and geochemistry of selected trace elements in the Sacramento River near Keswick Reservoir","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-03T22:46:11.980694","indexId":"70032224","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and geochemistry of selected trace elements in the Sacramento River near Keswick Reservoir","docAbstract":"

The effect of heavy metals from the Iron Mountain Mines (IMM) Superfund site on the upper Sacramento River is examined using data from water and bed sediment samples collected during 1996–97. Relative to surrounding waters, aluminum, cadmium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, manganese, thallium, zinc and the rare-earth elements (REE) were all present in high concentrations in effluent from Spring Creek Reservoir (SCR), which enters into the Sacramento River in the Spring Creek Arm of Keswick Reservoir. SCR was constructed in part to regulate the flow of acidic, metal-rich waters draining the IMM Superfund site. Although virtually all of these metals exist in SCR in the dissolved form, upon entering Keswick Reservoir they at least partially converted via precipitation and/or adsorption to the particulate phase. In spite of this, few of the metals settled out; instead the vast majority was transported colloidally down the Sacramento River at least to Bend Bridge, 67 km from Keswick Dam.

The geochemical influence of IMM on the upper Sacramento River was variable, chiefly dependent on the flow of Spring Creek. Although the average flow of the Sacramento River at Keswick Dam is 250 m3/s (cubic meters per second), even flows as low as 0.3 m3/s from Spring Creek were sufficient to account for more than 15% of the metals loading at Bend Bridge, and these proportions increased with increasing Spring Creek flow.

The dissolved proportion of the total bioavailable load was dependent on the element but steadily decreased for all metals, from near 100% in Spring Creek to values (for some elements) of less than 1% at Bend Bridge; failure to account for the suspended sediment load in assessments of the effect of metals transport in the Sacramento River can result in estimates which are low by as much as a factor of 100.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.12.025","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Antweiler, R.C., Taylor, H.E., and Alpers, C.N., 2012, Distribution and geochemistry of selected trace elements in the Sacramento River near Keswick Reservoir: Chemical Geology, v. 298-299, p. 70-78, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.12.025.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"70","endPage":"78","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242543,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214792,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.12.025"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.20068359374999,\n 40.317231732315236\n ],\n [\n -121.72302246093749,\n 40.317231732315236\n ],\n [\n -121.72302246093749,\n 41.47566020027821\n ],\n [\n -123.20068359374999,\n 41.47566020027821\n ],\n [\n -123.20068359374999,\n 40.317231732315236\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"298-299","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a028de4b0c8380cd500ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Antweiler, Ronald C. 0000-0001-5652-6034 antweil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5652-6034","contributorId":1481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Antweiler","given":"Ronald","email":"antweil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":435115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, Howard E. hetaylor@usgs.gov","contributorId":1551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Howard","email":"hetaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":435114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":435116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032430,"text":"70032430 - 2012 - Slab1.0: A three-dimensional model of global subduction zone geometries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-08T12:20:03","indexId":"70032430","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Slab1.0: A three-dimensional model of global subduction zone geometries","docAbstract":"

We describe and present a new model of global subduction zone geometries, called Slab1.0. An extension of previous efforts to constrain the two-dimensional non-planar geometry of subduction zones around the focus of large earthquakes, Slab1.0 describes the detailed, non-planar, three-dimensional geometry of approximately 85% of subduction zones worldwide. While the model focuses on the detailed form of each slab from their trenches through the seismogenic zone, where it combines data sets from active source and passive seismology, it also continues to the limits of their seismic extent in the upper-mid mantle, providing a uniform approach to the definition of the entire seismically active slab geometry. Examples are shown for two well-constrained global locations; models for many other regions are available and can be freely downloaded in several formats from our new Slab1.0 website, http://on.doi.gov/d9ARbS. We describe improvements in our two-dimensional geometry constraint inversion, including the use of ‘average’ active source seismic data profiles in the shallow trench regions where data are otherwise lacking, derived from the interpolation between other active source seismic data along-strike in the same subduction zone. We include several analyses of the uncertainty and robustness of our three-dimensional interpolation methods. In addition, we use the filtered, subduction-related earthquake data sets compiled to build Slab1.0 in a reassessment of previous analyses of the deep limit of the thrust interface seismogenic zone for all subduction zones included in our global model thus far, concluding that the width of these seismogenic zones is on average 30% larger than previous studies have suggested.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2011JB008524","usgsCitation":"Hayes, G.P., Wald, D.J., and Johnson, R.L., 2012, Slab1.0: A three-dimensional model of global subduction zone geometries: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 117, no. B1, Article B01302; 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JB008524.","productDescription":"Article B01302; 15 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241645,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"117","issue":"B1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-01-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b912ee4b08c986b3197a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hayes, Gavin P. 0000-0003-3323-0112 ghayes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3323-0112","contributorId":842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Gavin","email":"ghayes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":436147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wald, David J. 0000-0002-1454-4514 wald@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-4514","contributorId":795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"David","email":"wald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Rebecca L. 0000-0002-8771-6161 rljohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8771-6161","contributorId":178874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Rebecca","email":"rljohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032246,"text":"70032246 - 2012 - A riverscape perspective of Pacific salmonids and aquatic habitats prior to large-scale dam removal in the Elwha River, Washington, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T14:54:32","indexId":"70032246","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1659,"text":"Fisheries Management and Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A riverscape perspective of Pacific salmonids and aquatic habitats prior to large-scale dam removal in the Elwha River, Washington, USA","docAbstract":"

 Dam removal has been increasingly proposed as a river restoration technique. In 2011, two large hydroelectric dams will be removed from Washington State’s Elwha River. Ten anadromous fish populations are expected to recolonise historical habitats after dam removal. A key to understanding watershed recolonisation is the collection of spatially continuous information on fish and aquatic habitats. A riverscape approach with an emphasis on biological data has rarely been applied in mid-sized, wilderness rivers, particularly in consecutive years prior to dam removal. Concurrent snorkel and habitat surveys were conducted from the headwaters to the mouth (rkm 65–0) of the Elwha River in 2007 and 2008. This riverscape approach characterised the spatial extent, assemblage structure and patterns of relative density of Pacific salmonids. The presence of dams influenced the longitudinal patterns of fish assemblages, and species richness was the highest downstream of the dams, where anadromous salmonids still have access. The percent composition of salmonids was similar in both years for rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), coastal cutthroat trout, Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii (Richardson) (89%; 88%), Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum) (8%; 9%), and bull trout, Salvelinus confluentus (Suckley) (3% in both years). Spatial patterns of abundance for rainbow and cutthroat trout (r = 0.76) and bull trout (r = 0.70) were also consistent between years. Multivariate and univariate methods detected differences in habitat structure along the river profile caused by natural and anthropogenic factors. The riverscape view highlighted species-specific biological hotspots and revealed that 60–69% of federally threatened bull trout occurred near or below the dams. Spatially continuous surveys will be vital in evaluating the effectiveness of upcoming dam removal projects at restoring anadromous salmonids.

","language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Science","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2400.2011.00815.x","issn":"0969997X","usgsCitation":"Brenkman, S., Duda, J., Torgersen, C., Welty, E., Pess, G., Peters, R., and McHenry, M., 2012, A riverscape perspective of Pacific salmonids and aquatic habitats prior to large-scale dam removal in the Elwha River, Washington, USA: Fisheries Management and Ecology, v. 19, no. 1, p. 36-53, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2400.2011.00815.x.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"36","endPage":"53","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242341,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Elwha River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n 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S.J.","contributorId":106318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brenkman","given":"S.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duda, J.J. 0000-0001-7431-8634","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7431-8634","contributorId":105073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duda","given":"J.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Torgersen, C.E.","contributorId":34459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torgersen","given":"C.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Welty, E.","contributorId":56464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welty","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pess, G.R.","contributorId":33037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pess","given":"G.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Peters, R.","contributorId":51875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McHenry, M.L.","contributorId":29476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McHenry","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70032249,"text":"70032249 - 2012 - Geometry and subsidence history of the Dead Sea basin: A case for fluid-induced mid-crustal shear zone?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-04T14:04:20.924152","indexId":"70032249","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geometry and subsidence history of the Dead Sea basin: A case for fluid-induced mid-crustal shear zone?","docAbstract":"

Pull‐apart basins are narrow zones of crustal extension bounded by strike‐slip faults that can serve as analogs to the early stages of crustal rifting. We use seismic tomography, 2‐D ray tracing, gravity modeling, and subsidence analysis to study crustal extension of the Dead Sea basin (DSB), a large and long‐lived pull‐apart basin along the Dead Sea transform (DST). The basin gradually shallows southward for 50 km from the only significant transverse normal fault. Stratigraphic relationships there indicate basin elongation with time. The basin is deepest (8–8.5 km) and widest (∼15 km) under the Lisan about 40 km north of the transverse fault. Farther north, basin depth is ambiguous, but is 3 km deep immediately north of the lake. The underlying pre‐basin sedimentary layer thickens gradually from 2 to 3 km under the southern edge of the DSB to 3–4 km under the northern end of the lake and 5–6 km farther north. Crystalline basement is ∼11 km deep under the deepest part of the basin. The upper crust under the basin has lowerPwave velocity than in the surrounding regions, which is interpreted to reflect elevated pore fluids there. Within data resolution, the lower crust below ∼18 km and the Moho are not affected by basin development. The subsidence rate was several hundreds of m/m.y. since the development of the DST ∼17 Ma, similar to other basins along the DST, but subsidence rate has accelerated by an order of magnitude during the Pleistocene, which allowed the accumulation of 4 km of sediment. We propose that the rapid subsidence and perhaps elongation of the DSB are due to the development of inter‐connected mid‐crustal ductile shear zones caused by alteration of feldspar to muscovite in the presence of pore fluids. This alteration resulted in a significant strength decrease and viscous creep. We propose a similar cause to the enigmatic rapid subsidence of the North Sea at the onset the North Atlantic mantle plume. Thus, we propose that aqueous fluid flux into a slowly extending continental crust can cause rapid basin subsidence that may be erroneously interpreted as an increased rate of tectonic activity.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2011JB008711","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"ten Brink, U., and Flores, C., 2012, Geometry and subsidence history of the Dead Sea basin: A case for fluid-induced mid-crustal shear zone?: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 117, no. B1, B01406, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JB008711.","productDescription":"B01406, 21 p.","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474621,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/5034","text":"External Repository"},{"id":242408,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214663,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011JB008711"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Dead Sea shoreline","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 30.47607421875,\n 47.040182144806664\n ],\n [\n 28.14697265625,\n 45.49094569262732\n ],\n [\n 26.455078125,\n 42.374778361114195\n ],\n [\n 27.94921875,\n 41.178653972331674\n ],\n [\n 30.695800781249996,\n 43.068887774169625\n ],\n [\n 32.2119140625,\n 46.9502622421856\n ],\n [\n 31.003417968749996,\n 47.3834738721015\n ],\n [\n 30.47607421875,\n 47.040182144806664\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"117","issue":"B1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-01-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a276be4b0c8380cd59888","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001 utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":435239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flores, C.H.","contributorId":104693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flores","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70032250,"text":"70032250 - 2012 - Geostatistical modeling of the gas emission zone and its in-place gas content for Pittsburgh-seam mines using sequential Gaussian simulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-21T12:39:12","indexId":"70032250","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geostatistical modeling of the gas emission zone and its in-place gas content for Pittsburgh-seam mines using sequential Gaussian simulation","docAbstract":"

Determination of the size of the gas emission zone, the locations of gas sources within, and especially the amount of gas retained in those zones is one of the most important steps for designing a successful methane control strategy and an efficient ventilation system in longwall coal mining. The formation of the gas emission zone and the potential amount of gas-in-place (GIP) that might be available for migration into a mine are factors of local geology and rock properties that usually show spatial variability in continuity and may also show geometric anisotropy. Geostatistical methods are used here for modeling and prediction of gas amounts and for assessing their associated uncertainty in gas emission zones of longwall mines for methane control.

This study used core data obtained from 276 vertical exploration boreholes drilled from the surface to the bottom of the Pittsburgh coal seam in a mining district in the Northern Appalachian basin. After identifying important coal and non-coal layers for the gas emission zone, univariate statistical and semivariogram analyses were conducted for data from different formations to define the distribution and continuity of various attributes. Sequential simulations performed stochastic assessment of these attributes, such as gas content, strata thickness, and strata displacement. These analyses were followed by calculations of gas-in-place and their uncertainties in the Pittsburgh seam caved zone and fractured zone of longwall mines in this mining district. Grid blanking was used to isolate the volume over the actual panels from the entire modeled district and to calculate gas amounts that were directly related to the emissions in longwall mines.

Results indicated that gas-in-place in the Pittsburgh seam, in the caved zone and in the fractured zone, as well as displacements in major rock units, showed spatial correlations that could be modeled and estimated using geostatistical methods. This study showed that GIP volumes may change up to 3 MMscf per acre and, in a multi-panel district, may total 9 Bcf of methane within the gas emission zone. Therefore, ventilation and gas capture systems should be designed accordingly. In addition, rock displacements within the gas emission zone are spatially distributed. From an engineering and practical point of view, spatial distributions of GIP and distributions of rock displacements should be correlated with in-mine emissions and gob gas venthole productions.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2011.10.010","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Karacan, C.O., Olea, R., and Goodman, G., 2012, Geostatistical modeling of the gas emission zone and its in-place gas content for Pittsburgh-seam mines using sequential Gaussian simulation: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 90-91, p. 50-71, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2011.10.010.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"50","endPage":"71","ipdsId":"IP-031033","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474676,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4589251","text":"External Repository"},{"id":242409,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214664,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2011.10.010"}],"volume":"90-91","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a28b3e4b0c8380cd5a320","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karacan, Cevat O. 0000-0002-0947-8241","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0947-8241","contributorId":67742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karacan","given":"Cevat","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":435243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olea, Ricardo A. 0000-0003-4308-0808","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4308-0808","contributorId":26436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olea","given":"Ricardo A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":435241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goodman, G.","contributorId":29233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodman","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032262,"text":"70032262 - 2012 - Nonlinear effects of group size on the success of wolves hunting elk","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-03T19:37:07.184022","indexId":"70032262","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":981,"text":"Behavioral Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nonlinear effects of group size on the success of wolves hunting elk","docAbstract":"

Despite the popular view that social predators live in groups because group hunting facilitates prey capture, the apparent tendency for hunting success to peak at small group sizes suggests that the formation of large groups is unrelated to prey capture. Few empirical studies, however, have tested for nonlinear relationships between hunting success and group size, and none have demonstrated why success trails off after peaking. Here, we use a unique dataset of observations of individually known wolves (Canis lupus) hunting elk (Cervus elaphus) in Yellowstone National Park to show that the relationship between success and group size is indeed nonlinear and that individuals withholding effort (free riding) is why success does not increase across large group sizes. Beyond 4 wolves, hunting success leveled off, and individual performance (a measure of effort) decreased for reasons unrelated to interference from inept hunters, individual age, or size. But performance did drop faster among wolves with an incentive to hold back, i.e., nonbreeders with no dependent offspring, those performing dangerous predatory tasks, i.e., grabbing and restraining prey, and those in groups of proficient hunters. These results suggest that decreasing performance was free riding and that was why success leveled off in groups with >4 wolves that had superficially appeared to be cooperating. This is the first direct evidence that nonlinear trends in group hunting success reflect a switch from cooperation to free riding. It also highlights how hunting success per se is unlikely to promote formation and maintenance of large groups.

","language":"English","doi":"10.1093/beheco/arr159","issn":"10452249","usgsCitation":"MacNulty, D., Smith, D., Mech, L.D., Vucetich, J., and Packer, C., 2012, Nonlinear effects of group size on the success of wolves hunting elk: Behavioral Ecology, v. 23, no. 1, p. 75-82, https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arr159.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"75","endPage":"82","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474823,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arr159","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":242644,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214888,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arr159"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.1484375,\n 43.96119063892024\n ],\n [\n -109.64355468749999,\n 43.96119063892024\n ],\n [\n -109.64355468749999,\n 45.82879925192134\n ],\n [\n -112.1484375,\n 45.82879925192134\n ],\n [\n -112.1484375,\n 43.96119063892024\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"23","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6783e4b0c8380cd7337f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacNulty, D.R.","contributorId":7661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacNulty","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, D.W.","contributorId":24726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":435321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vucetich, J.A.","contributorId":36098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vucetich","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Packer, C.","contributorId":45532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Packer","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70032377,"text":"70032377 - 2012 - Discovery and characterization of secretory IgD in rainbow trout: secretory IgD is produced through a novel splicing mechanism","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-19T13:02:19","indexId":"70032377","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2350,"text":"Journal of Immunology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Discovery and characterization of secretory IgD in rainbow trout: secretory IgD is produced through a novel splicing mechanism","docAbstract":"The gene encoding IgH δ has been found in all species of teleosts studied to date. However, catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) is the only species of fish in which a secretory form of IgD has been characterized, and it occurs through the use of a dedicated δ-secretory exon, which is absent from all other species examined. Our studies have revealed that rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) use a novel strategy for the generation of secreted IgD. The trout secretory δ transcript is produced via a run-on event in which the splice donor site at the end of the last constant domain exon (D7) is ignored and transcription continues until a stop codon is reached 33 nt downstream of the splice site, resulting in the production of an in-frame, 11-aa secretory tail at the end of the D7 domain. In silico analysis of several published IgD genes suggested that this unique splicing mechanism may also be used in other species of fish, reptiles, and amphibians. Alternative splicing of the secretory δ transcript resulted in two δ-H chains, which incorporated Cμ1 and variable domains. Secreted IgD was found in two heavily glycosylated isoforms, which are assembled as monomeric polypeptides associated with L chains. Secretory δ mRNA and IgD+ plasma cells were detected in all immune tissues at a lower frequency than secretory IgM. Our data demonstrate that secretory IgD is more prevalent and widespread across taxa than previously thought, and thus illustrate the potential that IgD may have a conserved role in immunity.","language":"English","publisher":"The American Association of Immunologists ","doi":"10.4049/jimmunol.1101938","issn":"00221767","usgsCitation":"Ramirez-Gomez, F., Greene, W., Rego, K., Hansen, J., Costa, G., Kataria, P., and Bromage, E., 2012, Discovery and characterization of secretory IgD in rainbow trout: secretory IgD is produced through a novel splicing mechanism: Journal of Immunology, v. 188, no. 3, p. 1341-1349, https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1101938.","productDescription":"9 p. ","startPage":"1341","endPage":"1349","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474838,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1101938","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241274,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"188","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a01ede4b0c8380cd4fdc3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ramirez-Gomez, F.","contributorId":94868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramirez-Gomez","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Greene, W.","contributorId":12700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greene","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rego, K.","contributorId":56046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rego","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hansen, J.D.","contributorId":107880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Costa, G.","contributorId":107944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Costa","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kataria, P.","contributorId":25370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kataria","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bromage, E.S.","contributorId":50736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bromage","given":"E.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70032283,"text":"70032283 - 2012 - The impact of biotic/abiotic interfaces in mineral nutrient cycling: A study of soils of the Santa Cruz chronosequence, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-03T17:49:49.83412","indexId":"70032283","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The impact of biotic/abiotic interfaces in mineral nutrient cycling: A study of soils of the Santa Cruz chronosequence, California","docAbstract":"

Biotic/abiotic interactions between soil mineral nutrients and annual grassland vegetation are characterized for five soils in a marine terrace chronosequence near Santa Cruz, California. A Mediterranean climate, with wet winters and dry summers, controls the annual cycle of plant growth and litter decomposition, resulting in net above-ground productivities of 280–600 g m−2 yr−1. The biotic/abiotic (A/B) interface separates seasonally reversible nutrient gradients, reflecting biological cycling in the shallower soils, from downward chemical weathering gradients in the deeper soils. The A/B interface is pedologically defined by argillic clay horizons centered at soil depths of about one meter which intensify with soil age. Below these horizons, elevated solute Na/Ca, Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca ratios reflect plagioclase and smectite weathering along pore water flow paths. Above the A/B interface, lower cation ratios denote temporal variability due to seasonal plant nutrient uptake and litter leaching. Potassium and Ca exhibit no seasonal variability beneath the A/B interface, indicating closed nutrient cycling within the root zone, whereas Mg variability below the A/B interface denotes downward leakage resulting from higher inputs of marine aerosols and lower plant nutrient requirements.

The fraction of a mineral nutrient annually cycled through the plants, compared to that lost from pore water discharge, is defined their respective fluxes Fj,plants = qj,plants/(qj,plants + qj,discharge) with average values for K and Ca (FK,plants = 0.99; FCa,plants = 0.93) much higher than for Mg and Na (FMg,plants 0.64; FNa,plants = 0.28). The discrimination against Rb and Sr by plants is described by fractionation factors (KSr/Ca = 0.86; KRb/K = 0.83) which are used in Rayleigh fractionation-mixing calculations to fit seasonal patterns in solute K and Ca cycling. KRb/K and K24Mg/22Mg\">K24Mg/22Mg values (derived from isotope data in the literature) fall within fractionation envelopes bounded by inputs from rainfall and mineral weathering. KSr/Ca and K44Ca/40Ca\">K44Ca/40Ca fractionation factors fall outside these envelopes indicating that Ca nutrient cycling is closed to these external inputs. Small net positive K and Ca fluxes (6–14 mol m−2 yr−1), based on annual mass balances, indicate that the soils are accumulating mineral nutrients, probably as a result of long-term environmental disequilibrium.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2011.10.029","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"White, A.F., Schulz, M.S., Vivit, D., Bullen, T., and Fitzpatrick, J., 2012, The impact of biotic/abiotic interfaces in mineral nutrient cycling: A study of soils of the Santa Cruz chronosequence, California: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 77, p. 62-85, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2011.10.029.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"62","endPage":"85","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242444,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214696,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2011.10.029"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Santa Cruz","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.958984375,\n 36.01356058518153\n ],\n [\n -120.0146484375,\n 36.01356058518153\n ],\n [\n -120.0146484375,\n 37.64903402157866\n ],\n [\n -122.958984375,\n 37.64903402157866\n ],\n [\n -122.958984375,\n 36.01356058518153\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"77","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bace0e4b08c986b3237de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, A. F.","contributorId":36546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schulz, M. S.","contributorId":7299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vivit, D.V.","contributorId":28609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vivit","given":"D.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bullen, T.D.","contributorId":79911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fitzpatrick, J.","contributorId":28744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70032294,"text":"70032294 - 2012 - The effect of diagenesis and fluid migration on rare earth element distribution in pore fluids of the northern Cascadia accretionary margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-25T13:32:35","indexId":"70032294","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effect of diagenesis and fluid migration on rare earth element distribution in pore fluids of the northern Cascadia accretionary margin","docAbstract":"Analytical challenges in obtaining high quality measurements of rare earth elements (REEs) from small pore fluid volumes have limited the application of REEs as deep fluid geochemical tracers. Using a recently developed analytical technique, we analyzed REEs from pore fluids collected from Sites U1325 and U1329, drilled on the northern Cascadia margin during the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 311, to investigate the REE behavior during diagenesis and their utility as tracers of deep fluid migration. These sites were selected because they represent contrasting settings on an accretionary margin: a ponded basin at the toe of the margin, and the landward Tofino Basin near the shelf's edge. REE concentrations of pore fluid in the methanogenic zone at Sites U1325 and U1329 correlate positively with concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and alkalinity. Fractionations across the REE series are driven by preferential complexation of the heavy REEs. Simultaneous enrichment of diagenetic indicators (DOC and alkalinity) and of REEs (in particular the heavy elements Ho to Lu), suggests that the heavy REEs are released during particulate organic carbon (POC) degradation and are subsequently chelated by DOC. REE concentrations are greater at Site U1325, a site where shorter residence times of POC in sulfate-bearing redox zones may enhance REE burial efficiency within sulfidic and methanogenic sediment zones where REE release ensues. Cross-plots of La concentrations versus Cl, Li and Sr delineate a distinct field for the deep fluids (z > 75 mbsf) at Site U1329, and indicate the presence of a fluid not observed at the other sites drilled on the Cascadia margin. Changes in REE patterns, the presence of a positive Eu anomaly, and other available geochemical data for this site suggest a complex hydrology and possible interaction with the igneous Crescent Terrane, located east of the drilled transect.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.10.010","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Kim, J., Torres, M.E., Haley, B.A., Kastner, M., Pohlman, J., Riedel, M., and Lee, Y., 2012, The effect of diagenesis and fluid migration on rare earth element distribution in pore fluids of the northern Cascadia accretionary margin: Chemical Geology, v. 291, p. 152-165, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.10.010.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"152","endPage":"165","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":214915,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.10.010"},{"id":242675,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada;United States","city":"Vancouver","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -0.01611111111111111,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -0.01611111111111111,0.001388888888888889 ], [ -0.01611111111111111,0.001388888888888889 ], [ -0.01611111111111111,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -0.01611111111111111,0.0011111111111111111 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"291","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab1fe4b08c986b322c30","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kim, Ji-Hoon","contributorId":105547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"Ji-Hoon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Torres, Marta E.","contributorId":33546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torres","given":"Marta","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haley, Brian A.","contributorId":43996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haley","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kastner, Miriam","contributorId":24187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kastner","given":"Miriam","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pohlman, John W.","contributorId":95288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pohlman","given":"John W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Riedel, Michael","contributorId":7518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riedel","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lee, Young-Joo","contributorId":82548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Young-Joo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70032301,"text":"70032301 - 2012 - Trophic cascades linking wolves (Canis lupus), coyotes (Canis latrans), and small mammals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:29","indexId":"70032301","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trophic cascades linking wolves (Canis lupus), coyotes (Canis latrans), and small mammals","docAbstract":"When large carnivores are extirpated from ecosystems that evolved with apex predators, these systems can change at the herbivore and plant trophic levels. Such changes across trophic levels are called cascading effects and they are very important to conservation. Studies on the effects of reintroduced wolves in Yellowstone National Park have examined the interaction pathway of wolves (Canis lupus L., 1758) to ungulates to plants. This study examines the interaction effects of wolves to coyotes to rodents (reversing mesopredator release in the absence of wolves). Coyotes (Canis latrans Say, 1823) generally avoided areas near a wolf den. However, when in the proximity of a den, they used woody habitats (pine or sage) compared with herbaceous habitats (grass or forb or sedge)- when they were away from the wolf den. Our data suggested a significant increase in rodent numbers, particularly voles (genus Microtus Schrank, 1798), during the 3-year study on plots that were within 3 km of the wolf den, but we did not detect a significant change in rodent numbers over time for more distant plots. Predation by coyotes may have depressed numbers of small mammals in areas away from the wolf den. These factors indicate a top-down effect by wolves on coyotes and subsequently on the rodents of the area. Restoration of wolves could be a powerful tool for regulating predation at lower trophic levels.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/Z11-115","issn":"00084301","usgsCitation":"Miller, B., Harlow, H., Harlow, T., Biggins, D., and Ripple, W.J., 2012, Trophic cascades linking wolves (Canis lupus), coyotes (Canis latrans), and small mammals: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 90, no. 1, p. 70-78, https://doi.org/10.1139/Z11-115.","startPage":"70","endPage":"78","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215040,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/Z11-115"},{"id":242809,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb882e4b08c986b3278ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, B.J.","contributorId":17173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harlow, H.J.","contributorId":20178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harlow","given":"H.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harlow, T.S.","contributorId":15849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harlow","given":"T.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Biggins, D.","contributorId":53343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggins","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ripple, W. J.","contributorId":36333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ripple","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70032408,"text":"70032408 - 2012 - Semiochemical compounds of preen secretion reflect genetic make-up in a seabird species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-03T14:32:56.98145","indexId":"70032408","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3174,"text":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Semiochemical compounds of preen secretion reflect genetic make-up in a seabird species","docAbstract":"

Several vertebrates choose their mate according to genetic heterozygosity and relatedness, and use odour cues to assess their conspecifics' genetic make-up. In birds, although several species (including the black-legged kittiwake) exhibit non-random mating according to genetic traits, the cues used to assess genetic characteristics remain unknown. The importance of olfaction in birds' social behaviour is gaining attention among researchers, and it has been suggested that, as in other vertebrates, bird body scent may convey information about genetic traits. Here, we combined gas chromatography data and genetic analyses at microsatellite loci to test whether semiochemical messages in preen secretion of kittiwakes carried information about genetic heterozygosity and relatedness. Semiochemical profile was correlated with heterozygosity in males and females, while semiochemical distance was correlated with genetic distance only in male–male dyads. Our study is the first to demonstrate a link between odour and genetics in birds, which sets the stage for the existence of sophisticated odour-based mechanisms of mate choice also in birds.

","language":"English","publisher":"The Royal Society","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2011.1611","usgsCitation":"Leclaire, S., Merkling, T., Raynaud, C., Mulard, H., Bessiere, J., Lhuillier, E., Hatch, S.A., and Danchin, E., 2012, Semiochemical compounds of preen secretion reflect genetic make-up in a seabird species: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, v. 279, no. 1731, p. 1185-1193, https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.1611.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1185","endPage":"1193","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474627,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3267147","text":"External Repository"},{"id":241243,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"279","issue":"1731","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d12e4b08c986b318256","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leclaire, S.","contributorId":39591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leclaire","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Merkling, T.","contributorId":26522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merkling","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Raynaud, C.","contributorId":46313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raynaud","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mulard, Herve","contributorId":104602,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mulard","given":"Herve","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bessiere, J.-M.","contributorId":107107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bessiere","given":"J.-M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lhuillier, E.M.","contributorId":103880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lhuillier","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hatch, Scott A. 0000-0002-0064-8187 shatch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-8187","contributorId":2625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"Scott","email":"shatch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":436023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Danchin, E.","contributorId":89635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danchin","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":436024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70032379,"text":"70032379 - 2012 - Methylation of Hg downstream from the Bonanza Hg mine, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-25T14:25:41","indexId":"70032379","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methylation of Hg downstream from the Bonanza Hg mine, Oregon","docAbstract":"Speciation of Hg and conversion to methyl-Hg were evaluated in stream sediment, stream water, and aquatic snails collected downstream from the Bonanza Hg mine, Oregon. Total production from the Bonanza mine was >1360t of Hg, during mining from the late 1800s to 1960, ranking it as an intermediate sized Hg mine on an international scale. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the distribution, transport, and methylation of Hg downstream from a Hg mine in a coastal temperate climatic zone. Data shown here for methyl-Hg, a neurotoxin hazardous to humans, are the first reported for sediment and water from this area. Stream sediment collected from Foster Creek flowing downstream from the Bonanza mine contained elevated Hg concentrations that ranged from 590 to 71,000ng/g, all of which (except the most distal sample) exceeded the probable effect concentration (PEC) of 1060ng/g, the Hg concentration above which harmful effects are likely to be observed in sediment-dwelling organisms. Concentrations of methyl-Hg in stream sediment collected from Foster Creek varied from 11 to 62ng/g and were highly elevated compared to regional baseline concentrations (0.11-0.82ng/g) established in this study. Methyl-Hg concentrations in stream sediment collected in this study showed a significant correlation with total organic C (TOC, R2=0.62), generally indicating increased methyl-Hg formation with increasing TOC in sediment. Isotopic-tracer methods indicated that several samples of Foster Creek sediment exhibited high rates of Hg-methylation. Concentrations of Hg in water collected downstream from the mine varied from 17 to 270ng/L and were also elevated compared to baselines, but all were below the 770ng/L Hg standard recommended by the USEPA to protect against chronic effects to aquatic wildlife. Concentrations of methyl-Hg in the water collected from Foster Creek ranged from 0.17 to 1.8ng/L, which were elevated compared to regional baseline sites upstream and downstream from the mine that varied from <0.02 to 0.22ng/L. Aquatic snails collected downstream from the mine were elevated in Hg indicating significant bioavailability and uptake of Hg by these snails. Results for sediment and water indicated significant methyl-Hg formation in the ecosystem downstream from the Bonanza mine, which is enhanced by the temperate climate, high precipitation in the area, and high organic matter.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.09.019","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Gray, J.E., Hines, M.E., Krabbenhoft, D.P., and Thoms, B., 2012, Methylation of Hg downstream from the Bonanza Hg mine, Oregon: Applied Geochemistry, v. 27, no. 1, p. 106-114, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.09.019.","startPage":"106","endPage":"114","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241306,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213657,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.09.019"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.694382,43.049322 ], [ -123.694382,43.748281 ], [ -122.995377,43.748281 ], [ -122.995377,43.049322 ], [ -123.694382,43.049322 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5619e4b0c8380cd6d354","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gray, John E. jgray@usgs.gov","contributorId":1275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"John","email":"jgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":435874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hines, Mark E.","contributorId":43180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, David P. 0000-0003-1964-5020 dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":1658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"David","email":"dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":435875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thoms, Bryn","contributorId":95278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thoms","given":"Bryn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}