Agricultural contamination of groundwater in northwestern Mississippi, USA, has not been studied extensively, and subsurface fluxes of agricultural chemicals have been presumed minimal. To determine the factors controlling transport of nitrate-N into the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer, a study was conducted from 2006 to 2008 to estimate fluxes of water and solutes for a site in the Bogue Phalia basin (1,250 km2). Water-quality data were collected from a shallow water-table well, a vertical profile of temporary sampling points, and a nearby irrigation well. Nitrate was detected within 4.4 m of the water table but was absent in deeper waters with evidence of reducing conditions and denitrification. Recharge estimates from 6.2 to 10.9 cm/year were quantified using water-table fluctuations, a Cl– tracer method, and atmospheric age-tracers. A mathematical advection-reaction model predicted similar recharge to the aquifer, and also predicted that 15% of applied nitrogen is leached into the saturated zone. With current denitrification and application rates, the nitrate-N front is expected to remain in shallow groundwater, less than 6–9 m deep. Increasing application rates resulting from intensifying agricultural demands may advance the nitrate-N front to 16–23 m, within the zone of groundwater pumping.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10040-011-0748-8","usgsCitation":"Welch, H.L., Green, C.T., and Coupe, R.H., 2011, The fate and transport of nitrate in shallow groundwater in northwestern Mississippi, USA: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 19, no. 6, p. 1239-1252, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-011-0748-8.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1239","endPage":"1252","temporalStart":"2006-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":394,"text":"Mississippi Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204235,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.0986328125,\n 32.41706632846282\n ],\n [\n -89.395751953125,\n 32.41706632846282\n ],\n [\n -89.395751953125,\n 35.06597313798418\n ],\n [\n -91.0986328125,\n 35.06597313798418\n ],\n [\n -91.0986328125,\n 32.41706632846282\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505babf6e4b08c986b3231a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Welch, Heather L. 0000-0001-8370-7711 hllott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8370-7711","contributorId":552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welch","given":"Heather","email":"hllott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":105,"text":"Alabama Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Green, Christopher T. 0000-0002-6480-8194 ctgreen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6480-8194","contributorId":1343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Christopher","email":"ctgreen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coupe, Richard H. 0000-0001-8679-1015 rhcoupe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8679-1015","contributorId":551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coupe","given":"Richard","email":"rhcoupe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":394,"text":"Mississippi Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70004938,"text":"70004938 - 2011 - The evaluation of a rake method to quantify submersed vegetation in the Upper Mississippi River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-26T15:21:18.971284","indexId":"70004938","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The evaluation of a rake method to quantify submersed vegetation in the Upper Mississippi River","docAbstract":"A long-handled, double-headed garden rake was used to collect submersed aquatic vegetation (SAV) and compared to in-boat visual inspection to record species presence at 67 individual sites. Six rake subsamples were taken at each site and a rake density rating was given to each species collected in the subsamples. Presence at the site, frequency of occurrence in the six rake samples, and additive density rating (the sum of the six rake density ratings) were quantified for each species at each site. The validity of the indices was tested against biomass data collected by clipping all remaining vegetation from the 67 sites. In the turbid water of the Mississippi River, visual inspection of SAV from boats was ineffective with only 27% of the species detected, while raking retrieved on average 70% of the total number of submersed species in the 67 sites. Presence of species at individual sites was correlated with biomass from Stuckenia pectinata, while frequency of occurrence and additive density rating were correlated with biomass for species with greater than 21 g of total biomass from all sites. The efficiency of the rake to collect biomass varied among species; only 18% of total biomass was captured via raking the site six times. Additive density rating as an index of abundance can be used to detect temporal changes in the same water body; however, cross-species comparison is not encouraged unless the efficiency of the rake has been determined for each species being compared.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10750-011-0817-y","usgsCitation":"Yin, Y., and Kreiling, R.M., 2011, The evaluation of a rake method to quantify submersed vegetation in the Upper Mississippi River: Hydrobiologia, v. 675, no. 1, p. 187-195, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-011-0817-y.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"187","endPage":"195","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204473,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Navigation Pool 8, Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.27853393554688,\n 43.56944681061758\n ],\n [\n -91.22291564941406,\n 43.56944681061758\n ],\n [\n -91.22291564941406,\n 43.70759350405294\n ],\n [\n -91.27853393554688,\n 43.70759350405294\n ],\n [\n -91.27853393554688,\n 43.56944681061758\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"675","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505babdce4b08c986b323117","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yin, Yao yyin@usgs.gov","contributorId":2170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yin","given":"Yao","email":"yyin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kreiling, Rebecca M. 0000-0002-9295-4156 rkreiling@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9295-4156","contributorId":4234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kreiling","given":"Rebecca","email":"rkreiling@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":351686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70038688,"text":"70038688 - 2011 - A multi-year comparison of IPCI scores for prairie pothole wetlands: implications of temporal and spatial variation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-20T10:14:08","indexId":"70038688","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T14:26:19","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A multi-year comparison of IPCI scores for prairie pothole wetlands: implications of temporal and spatial variation","docAbstract":"In the prairie pothole region of North America, development of Indices of Biotic Integrity (IBIs) to detect anthropogenic impacts on wetlands has been hampered by naturally dynamic inter-annual climate fluctuations. Of multiple efforts to develop IBIs for prairie pothole wetlands, only one, the Index of Plant Community Integrity (IPCI), has reported success. We evaluated the IPCI and its ability to distinguish between natural and anthropogenic variation using plant community data collected from 16 wetlands over a 4-year-period. We found that under constant anthropogenic influence, IPCI metric scores and condition ratings varied annually in response to environmental variation driven primarily by natural climate variation. Artificially forcing wetlands that occur along continuous hydrologic gradients into a limited number of discrete classes (e.g., temporary, seasonal, and semi-permanent) further confounded the utility of IPCI metrics. Because IPCI scores vary significantly due to natural climate dynamics as well as human impacts, methodology must be developed that adequately partitions natural and anthropogenically induced variation along continuous hydrologic gradients. Until such methodology is developed, the use of the IPCI to evaluate prairie pothole wetlands creates potential for misdirected corrective or regulatory actions, impairment of natural wetland functional processes, and erosion of public confidence in the wetland sciences.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s13157-011-0187-2","usgsCitation":"Euliss, N.H., and Mushet, D.M., 2011, A multi-year comparison of IPCI scores for prairie pothole wetlands: implications of temporal and spatial variation: Wetlands, v. 31, no. 4, p. 713-723, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-011-0187-2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"713","endPage":"723","ipdsId":"IP-025195","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257597,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257592,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13157-011-0187-2","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"31","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e48ce4b0c8380cd466f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Euliss, Ned H. Jr. ceuliss@usgs.gov","contributorId":2916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Euliss","given":"Ned","suffix":"Jr.","email":"ceuliss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":464708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mushet, David M. 0000-0002-5910-2744 dmushet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5910-2744","contributorId":1299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mushet","given":"David","email":"dmushet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":464707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70004480,"text":"70004480 - 2011 - US Topo - A new national map series","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-08T12:27:57","indexId":"70004480","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T14:04:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1393,"text":"Directions Magazine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"US Topo - A new national map series","docAbstract":"In the second half of the 20th century, the foundation of the U.S. Geological Survey's national map series was the handcrafted 7.5-minute topographic map. Times change, budgets get squeezed and currency expectations become ever more challenging. The USGS's Larry Moore, who oversees data production operations at two National Geospatial Technical Operations Centers, provides an introduction to the new US Topo quadrangle maps.","language":"English","publisher":"Directions Media","publisherLocation":"Glencoe, IL","usgsCitation":"Moore, L.R., 2011, US Topo - A new national map series: Directions Magazine, v. 2011, no. May 16, HTML Document.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[{"id":403,"text":"NGTOC HQ","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258114,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":258099,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.directionsmag.com/articles/us-topo-a-new-national-map-series/178707","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","volume":"2011","issue":"May 16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbb7de4b08c986b328657","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, Laurence R. 0000-0001-9678-7183 lmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9678-7183","contributorId":2057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Laurence","email":"lmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5047,"text":"NGTOC Denver","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70005627,"text":"70005627 - 2011 - Estimation of volumetric runoff coefficients for Texas watersheds using land-use and rainfall-runoff data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-04T19:59:23.734465","indexId":"70005627","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T13:54:25","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2362,"text":"Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of volumetric runoff coefficients for Texas watersheds using land-use and rainfall-runoff data","docAbstract":"The rational method for peak discharge (
State and Federal agencies are working jointly on structural modifications and improved water-delivery strategies to reestablish more natural surface-water flows through the Everglades wetlands and into Florida Bay. Changes in the magnitude, duration, timing, and distribution of inflows from the headwaters of the Taylor Slough and canal C-111 drainage basins have shifted the seasonal distribution and extent of wetland inundation, and also contributed to the development of hypersaline conditions in nearshore embayments of Florida Bay. Such changes are altering biological and vegetative communities in the wetlands and creating stresses on aquatic habitat. Affected biotic resources include federally listed species such as the Cape Sable seaside sparrow, American crocodile, wood stork, and roseate spoonbill. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is synthesizing scientific findings from hydrologic process studies, collecting data to characterize the ecosystem properties and functions, and integrating the results of these efforts into a research tool and management model for this Southern Inland and Coastal System(SICS). Scientists from all four disciplinary divisions of the USGS, Biological Resources, Geology, National Mapping, and Water Resources are contributing to this interdisciplinary project.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70039546","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2011, SICS: the Southern Inland and Coastal System interdisciplinary project of the USGS South Florida Ecosystem Program, 3 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70039546.","productDescription":"3 p.","numberOfPages":"3","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":261670,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039546/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.94 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":261671,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039546/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades National Park, Florida Bay, Taylor Slough","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.8426513671875,\n 24.661994379101547\n ],\n [\n -81.8426513671875,\n 26.150507192328902\n ],\n [\n -80.0738525390625,\n 26.150507192328902\n ],\n [\n -80.0738525390625,\n 24.661994379101547\n ],\n [\n -81.8426513671875,\n 24.661994379101547\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaf4fe4b0c8380cd874fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70005222,"text":"70005222 - 2011 - Characterization of the intragranular water regime within subsurface sediments: pore volume, surface area, and mass transfer limitations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-14T15:13:13","indexId":"70005222","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T11:13:53","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization of the intragranular water regime within subsurface sediments: pore volume, surface area, and mass transfer limitations","docAbstract":"Although \"intragranular\" pore space within grain aggregates, grain fractures, and mineral surface coatings may contain a relatively small fraction of the total porosity within a porous medium, it often contains a significant fraction of the reactive surface area, and can thus strongly affect the transport of sorbing solutes. In this work, we demonstrate a batch experiment procedure using tritiated water as a high-resolution diffusive tracer to characterize the intragranular pore space. The method was tested using uranium-contaminated sediments from the vadose and capillary fringe zones beneath the former 300A process ponds at the Hanford site (Washington). Sediments were contacted with tracers in artificial groundwater, followed by a replacement of bulk solution with tracer-free groundwater and the monitoring of tracer release. From these data, intragranular pore volumes were calculated and mass transfer rates were quantified using a multirate first-order mass transfer model. Tritium-hydrogen exchange on surface hydroxyls was accounted for by conducting additional tracer experiments on sediment that was vacuum dried after reaction. The complementary (\"wet\" and \"dry\") techniques allowed for the simultaneous determination of intragranular porosity and surface area using tritium. The Hanford 300A samples exhibited intragranular pore volumes of ~1% of the solid volume and intragranular surface areas of ~20%–35% of the total surface area. Analogous experiments using bromide ion as a tracer yielded very different results, suggesting very little penetration of bromide into the intragranular porosity.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Untion","doi":"10.1029/2010WR010303","usgsCitation":"Hay, M.B., Stoliker, D., Davis, J., and Zachara, J.M., 2011, Characterization of the intragranular water regime within subsurface sediments: pore volume, surface area, and mass transfer limitations: Water Resources Research, v. 47, W10531, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2010WR010303.","productDescription":"W10531, 19 p.","costCenters":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474810,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2010wr010303","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":257163,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-10-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4e5e4b0c8380cd4bfb0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hay, Michael B.","contributorId":52445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stoliker, Deborah L. dlstoliker@usgs.gov","contributorId":2954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoliker","given":"Deborah L.","email":"dlstoliker@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, James A.","contributorId":69289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"James A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zachara, John M.","contributorId":7421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zachara","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70006358,"text":"70006358 - 2011 - Geomagnetic referencing in the arctic environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-26T14:43:59","indexId":"70006358","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T10:51:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Geomagnetic referencing in the arctic environment","docAbstract":"Geomagnetic referencing is becoming an increasingly attractive alternative to north-seeking gyroscopic surveys to achieve the precise wellbore positioning essential for success in today's complex drilling programs. However, the greater magnitude of variations in the geomagnetic environment at higher latitudes makes the application of geomagnetic referencing in those areas more challenging. Precise, real-time data on those variations from relatively nearby magnetic observatories can be crucial to achieving the required accuracy, but constructing and operating an observatory in these often harsh environments poses a number of significant challenges. Operational since March 2010, the Deadhorse Magnetic Observatory (DED), located in Deadhorse, Alaska, was created through collaboration between the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and a leading oilfield services supply company. DED was designed to produce real-time geomagnetic data at the required level of accuracy, and to do so reliably under the extreme temperatures and harsh weather conditions often experienced in the area. The observatory will serve a number of key scientific communities as well as the oilfield drilling industry, and has already played a vital role in the success of several commercial ventures in the area, providing essential, accurate data while offering significant cost and time savings, compared with traditional surveying techniques.","conferenceTitle":"SPE Arctic and Extreme Environments Conference and Exhibition","conferenceLocation":"Moscow, Russia","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Petroleum Engineers","publisherLocation":"Allen, TX","doi":"10.2118/149629-MS","usgsCitation":"Podjono, B., Beck, N., Buchanan, A., Brink, J., Longo, J., Finn, C.A., and Worthington, E.W., 2011, Geomagnetic referencing in the arctic environment, SPE Arctic and Extreme Environments Conference and Exhibition, Moscow, Russia, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.2118/149629-MS.","productDescription":"13 p.","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257631,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257623,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2118/149629-MS","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Deadhorse","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-10-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2760e4b0c8380cd5981c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Podjono, Benny","contributorId":93754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Podjono","given":"Benny","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beck, Nathan","contributorId":73866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beck","given":"Nathan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buchanan, Andrew","contributorId":90581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchanan","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brink, Jason","contributorId":46350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brink","given":"Jason","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Longo, Joseph","contributorId":20202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longo","given":"Joseph","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Finn, Carol A. 0000-0003-3144-1645 cafinn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3144-1645","contributorId":2144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"Carol","email":"cafinn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":354373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Worthington, E. William 0000-0002-5879-0477 bworth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5879-0477","contributorId":2570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Worthington","given":"E.","email":"bworth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"William","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":354376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70003751,"text":"70003751 - 2011 - Rapid growth in the early marine period improves the marine survival of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in Puget Sound, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-08T16:58:14.539096","indexId":"70003751","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T10:28:48","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Rapid growth in the early marine period improves the marine survival of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in Puget Sound, Washington","title":"Rapid growth in the early marine period improves the marine survival of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in Puget Sound, Washington","docAbstract":"We examined the effect of early marine entry timing and body size on the marine (smolt-to-adult) survival of Puget Sound Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). We used data from coded wire tag release groups of hatchery Chinook salmon to test whether hatchery release date, release size, and size in offshore waters in July and September influenced marine survival. Marine survival was most strongly related to the average body size in July, with larger sizes associated with higher survivals. This relationship was consistent over multiple years (1997–2002), suggesting that mortality after July is strongly size-dependent. Release size and date only slightly improved this relationship, whereas size in September showed little relationship to marine survival. Specifically, fish that experienced the highest marine survivals were released before 25 May and were larger than 17 g (or 120 mm fork length) by July. Our findings highlight the importance of local conditions in Puget Sound (Washington, USA) during the spring and summer, and suggest that declines in marine survival since the 1980s may have been caused by reductions in the quality of feeding and growing conditions during early marine life.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.1139/F10-144","usgsCitation":"Duffy, E.J., and Beauchamp, D.A., 2011, Rapid growth in the early marine period improves the marine survival of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in Puget Sound, Washington: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 68, no. 2, p. 232-240, https://doi.org/10.1139/F10-144.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"232","endPage":"240","costCenters":[{"id":621,"text":"Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257380,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Puget Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.134765625,\n 47.05515408550348\n ],\n [\n -122.14050292968749,\n 47.05515408550348\n ],\n [\n -122.14050292968749,\n 48.37084770238366\n ],\n [\n -123.134765625,\n 48.37084770238366\n ],\n [\n -123.134765625,\n 47.05515408550348\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"68","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a94e5e4b0c8380cd816ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duffy, Elisabeth J.","contributorId":47631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duffy","given":"Elisabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beauchamp, David A. 0000-0002-3592-8381 fadave@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3592-8381","contributorId":4205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beauchamp","given":"David","email":"fadave@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70003747,"text":"70003747 - 2011 - Land use and habitat conditions across the southwestern Wyoming sagebrush steppe: development impacts, management effectiveness and the distribution of invasive plants","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-27T15:04:14","indexId":"70003747","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T10:23:19","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2834,"text":"Natural Resources and Environmental Issues","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Land use and habitat conditions across the southwestern Wyoming sagebrush steppe: development impacts, management effectiveness and the distribution of invasive plants","docAbstract":"For the past several years, USGS has taken a multi-faceted approach to investigating the condition and trends in sagebrush steppe ecosystems. This recent effort builds upon decades of work in semi-arid ecosystems providing a specific, applied focus on the cumulative impacts of expanding human activities across these landscapes. Here, we discuss several on-going projects contributing to these efforts: (1) mapping and monitoring the distribution and condition of shrub steppe communities with local detail at a regional scale, (2) assessing the relationships between specific, land-use features (for example, roads, transmission lines, industrial pads) and invasive plants, including their potential (environmentally defined) distribution across the region, and (3) monitoring the effects of habitat treatments on the ecosystem, including wildlife use and invasive plant abundance. This research is focused on the northern sagebrush steppe, primarily in Wyoming, but also extending into Montana, Colorado, Utah and Idaho. The study area includes a range of sagebrush types (including, Artemisia tridentata ssp. tridentata, Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis, Artemisia tridentata ssp. vaseyana, Artemisia nova) and other semi-arid shrubland types (for example, Sarcobatus vermiculatus, Atriplex confertifolia, Atriplex gardneri), impacted by extensive interface between steppe ecosystems and industrial energy activities resulting in a revealing multiple-variable analysis. We use a combination of remote sensing (AWiFS (1 Any reference to platforms, data sources, equipment, software, patented or trade-marked methods is for information purposes only. It does not represent endorsement of the U.S.D.I., U.S.G.S. or the authors), Landsat and Quickbird platforms), Geographic Information System (GIS) design and data management, and field-based, replicated sampling to generate multiple scales of data representing the distribution of shrub communities for the habitat inventory. Invasive plant sampling focused on the interaction between human infrastructure and weedy plant distributions in southwestern Wyoming, while also capturing spatial variability associated with growing conditions and management across the region. In a separate but linked study, we also sampled native and invasive composition of recent and historic habitat treatments. Here, we summarize findings of this ongoing work, highlighting patterns and relationships between vegetation (native and invasive), land cover, landform, and land-use patterns in the sagebrush steppe.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural Resources and Environmental Issues","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Utah State University","publisherLocation":"Logan, UT","usgsCitation":"Manier, D., Aldridge, C.L., Anderson, P., Chong, G., Homer, C.G., O’Donnell, M.S., and Schell, S., 2011, Land use and habitat conditions across the southwestern Wyoming sagebrush steppe: development impacts, management effectiveness and the distribution of invasive plants: Natural Resources and Environmental Issues, v. 117, no. 1, 13 p.; Article 4.","productDescription":"13 p.; Article 4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257814,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257805,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/nrei/vol17/iss1/4","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Wyoming","volume":"117","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a43b8e4b0c8380cd66573","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manier, Daniel J.","contributorId":77435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manier","given":"Daniel J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aldridge, Cameron L. 0000-0003-3926-6941 aldridgec@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3926-6941","contributorId":191773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aldridge","given":"Cameron","email":"aldridgec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":348669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Patrick","contributorId":65347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Patrick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chong, Geneva","contributorId":71454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chong","given":"Geneva","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Homer, Collin G. 0000-0003-4755-8135 homer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4755-8135","contributorId":2262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Homer","given":"Collin","email":"homer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"O’Donnell, Michael S. 0000-0002-3488-003X odonnellm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3488-003X","contributorId":3351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Donnell","given":"Michael","email":"odonnellm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schell, Spencer 0000-0001-7732-1863 schells@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7732-1863","contributorId":3357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schell","given":"Spencer","email":"schells@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70005801,"text":"70005801 - 2011 - The use of historical imagery in the remediation of an urban hazardous waste site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-26T16:33:50.496883","indexId":"70005801","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T10:17:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1942,"text":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The use of historical imagery in the remediation of an urban hazardous waste site","docAbstract":"The information derived from the interpretation of historical aerial photographs is perhaps the most basic multitemporal application of remote-sensing data. Aerial photographs dating back to the early 20th century can be extremely valuable sources of historical landscape activity. In this application, imagery from 1918 to 1927 provided a wealth of information about chemical weapons testing, storage, handling, and disposal of these hazardous materials. When analyzed by a trained photo-analyst, the 1918 aerial photographs resulted in 42 features of potential interest. When compared with current remedial activities and known areas of contamination, 33 of 42 or 78.5% of the features were spatially correlated with areas of known contamination or other remedial hazardous waste cleanup activity.
","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","publisherLocation":"Piscataway, NJ","doi":"10.1109/JSTARS.2010.2049254","usgsCitation":"Slonecker, E.T., 2011, The use of historical imagery in the remediation of an urban hazardous waste site: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, v. 4, no. 2, p. 281-291, https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2010.2049254.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"281","endPage":"291","temporalStart":"1918-01-01","temporalEnd":"1927-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204460,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb188e4b08c986b325323","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slonecker, E. Terrence 0000-0002-5793-0503 tslonecker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5793-0503","contributorId":168591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slonecker","given":"E.","email":"tslonecker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Terrence","affiliations":[{"id":36171,"text":"National Civil Applications Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70037807,"text":"70037807 - 2011 - Use of cranial characters in taxonomy of the Minnesota wolf (Canis sp.)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T11:40:11","indexId":"70037807","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T09:04:46","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of cranial characters in taxonomy of the Minnesota wolf (Canis sp.)","docAbstract":"Minnesota wolves (Canis sp.) sometimes are reported to have affinity to a small, narrow-skulled eastern form (Canis lupus lycaon Schreber, 1775) and sometimes to a larger, broader western form (Canis lupus nubilus Say, 1823). We found that pre-1950 Minnesota wolf skulls were similar in size to those of wolves from southeastern Ontario and smaller than those of western wolves. However, Minnesota wolf skulls during 1970–1976 showed a shift to the larger, western form. Although Minnesota skull measurements after 1976 were unavailable, rostral ratios from 1969 through 1999 were consistent with hybridization between the smaller eastern wolf and the western form. Our findings help resolve the different taxonomic interpretations of Minnesota skull morphology and are consistent with molecular evidence of recent hybridization or intergradation of the two forms of wolves in Minnesota. Together these data indicate that eastern- and western-type wolves historically mixed and hybridized in Minnesota and continue to do so. Our findings are relevant to a recent government proposal to delist wolves from the endangered species list in Minnesota and surrounding states.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","publisherLocation":"Ottawa, ON","doi":"10.1139/z11-097","usgsCitation":"Mech, L.D., Nowak, R.M., and Weisberg, S., 2011, Use of cranial characters in taxonomy of the Minnesota wolf (Canis sp.): Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 89, no. 12, p. 1188-1194, https://doi.org/10.1139/z11-097.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1188","endPage":"1194","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257194,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257183,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z11-097","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","volume":"89","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbedde4b08c986b32981a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nowak, Ronald M.","contributorId":25622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowak","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weisberg, Sanford","contributorId":36002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weisberg","given":"Sanford","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70003856,"text":"70003856 - 2011 - Rapid Source Characterization of the 2011 Mw 9.0 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-07T21:32:21.19876","indexId":"70003856","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T08:59:51","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1430,"text":"Earth, Planets and Space","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Rapid Source Characterization of the 2011 Mw 9.0 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake","title":"Rapid Source Characterization of the 2011 Mw 9.0 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake","docAbstract":"On March 11th, 2011, a moment magnitude 9.0 earthquake struck off the coast of northeast Honshu, Japan, generating what may well turn out to be the most costly natural disaster ever. In the hours following the event, the U.S. Geological Survey National Earthquake Information Center led a rapid response to characterize the earthquake in terms of its location, size, faulting source, shaking and slip distributions, and population exposure, in order to place the disaster in a framework necessary for timely humanitarian response. As part of this effort, fast finite-fault inversions using globally distributed body- and surface-wave data were used to estimate the slip distribution of the earthquake rupture. Models generated within 7 hours of the earthquake origin time indicated that the event ruptured a fault up to 300 km long, roughly centered on the earthquake hypocenter, and involved peak slips of 20 m or more. Updates since this preliminary solution improve the details of this inversion solution and thus our understanding of the rupture process. However, significant observations such as the up-dip nature of rupture propagation and the along-strike length of faulting did not significantly change, demonstrating the usefulness of rapid source characterization for understanding the first order characteristics of major earthquakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.5047/eps.2011.05.012","usgsCitation":"Hayes, G., 2011, Rapid Source Characterization of the 2011 Mw 9.0 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake: Earth, Planets and Space, v. 63, no. 7, p. 529-534, https://doi.org/10.5047/eps.2011.05.012.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"529","endPage":"534","temporalStart":"2011-03-11","temporalEnd":"2011-03-11","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474813,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5047/eps.2011.05.012","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":257363,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Japan","otherGeospatial":"Tohoku, Honshu","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 140.9765625,\n 38.47939467327645\n ],\n [\n 142.49267578125,\n 38.47939467327645\n ],\n [\n 142.49267578125,\n 41.47566020027821\n ],\n [\n 140.9765625,\n 41.47566020027821\n ],\n [\n 140.9765625,\n 38.47939467327645\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"63","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a94b6e4b0c8380cd81590","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hayes, Gavin P. 0000-0003-3323-0112","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3323-0112","contributorId":6157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Gavin P.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70042247,"text":"sir201151204 - 2011 - Baseline hydrologic studies in the lower Elwha River prior to dam removal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-19T13:31:43","indexId":"sir201151204","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5120-4","title":"Baseline hydrologic studies in the lower Elwha River prior to dam removal","docAbstract":"After the removal of two large, long‑standing dams on the Elwha River, Washington, the additional load of sediment and wood is expected to affect the hydrology of the lower river, its estuary, and the alluvial aquifer underlying the surrounding flood plain. To better understand the surface-water and groundwater characteristics of the river and estuary before dam removal, several hydrologic data sets were collected and analyzed. An experiment using a dye tracer characterized transient storage, and it was determined that the low‑flow channel of the lower Elwha River was relatively simple; 1–6 percent of the median travel time of dye was attributed to transient‑storage processes. Water data from monitoring wells adjacent to the main‑stem river indicated a strong hydraulic connectivity between stage in the river and groundwater levels in the flood plain. Analysis of temperature data from the monitoring wells showed that changes in the groundwater temperature responded weeks or months after water temperature changed in the river. A seepage investigation indicated that water from the river was moving into the aquifer (losing\nreach) between 1.7 and 2.8 kilometers from the river mouth. Surface‑water measurements and temperature and salinity data collected throughout the estuary helped to characterize the magnitude and nature of water movement in and out of the estuary. Salinity and stage sensors positioned in the estuarine network showed a strong surface‑water connection between the river and estuary waters east of the river. In contrast, there was a weaker connection between the river and estuarine water bodies west of the river.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coastal habitats of the Elwha River, Washington--biological and physical patterns and processes prior to dam removal (Chapter 2011-5120)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir201151204","collaboration":"This report is Chapter 4 in Coastal habitats of the Elwha River, Washington--biological and physical patterns and processes prior to dam removal. For more information, see: Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5120","usgsCitation":"Magirl, C.S., Curran, C.A., Sheibley, R.W., Warrick, J., Czuba, J., Czuba, C.R., Gendaszek, A.S., Shafroth, P.B., Duda, J., and Foreman, J.R., 2011, Baseline hydrologic studies in the lower Elwha River prior to dam removal: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5120-4, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir201151204.","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"75","endPage":"110","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264925,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264924,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5120/pdf/sir20115120_ch4.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Elwha River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": 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However, it is appropriate to extend the application of these methods out to other rocky bodies in our Solar System for a variety of reasons. First, minerals, soils, and rocks form the substrate on which vegetation grows on Earth. Compositional analyses of these components with hyperspectral data provide essential background information for distinguishing, identifying, and removing their effects on vegetation spectra. Second, variation in distribution, chemical and physical properties among soil and rock, has been demonstrated to have a significant effect on factors such as moisture retention, dust production, and the presence and distribution of biological species ranging from bacteria, fungi, grasses, shrubs, trees, and small mammals to humans [1]. These factors in turn can have profound influences on human health.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hyperspectral remote sensing of vegetation","language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","isbn":"9781439845370","usgsCitation":"Vaughan, R., Titus, T.N., Johnson, J., Hagerty, J., Gaddis, L.R., Soderblom, L.A., and Geissler, P.E., 2011, Hyperspectral analysis of rocky surfaces on the Earth and other planetary systems: Chapter 27, chap. 27 of Hyperspectral remote sensing of vegetation, p. 637-660.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"637","endPage":"660","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-067024","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324089,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":324088,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.crcpress.com/Hyperspectral-Remote-Sensing-of-Vegetation/Thenkabail-Lyon-Huete/p/book/9781439845370"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576a653ee4b07657d1a11dca","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Thenkabail, Prasad S. 0000-0002-2182-8822 pthenkabail@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2182-8822","contributorId":570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thenkabail","given":"Prasad","email":"pthenkabail@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640016,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lyon, John G.","contributorId":38044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyon","given":"John G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640017,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huete, Alfredo","contributorId":48337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huete","given":"Alfredo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640018,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Vaughan, R. 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Greg","email":"gvaughan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":639729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Titus, Timothy N. 0000-0003-0700-4875 ttitus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0700-4875","contributorId":146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titus","given":"Timothy","email":"ttitus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":639730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Jeffery R","contributorId":172147,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Jeffery R","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hagerty, Justin 0000-0003-3800-7948 jhagerty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3800-7948","contributorId":911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagerty","given":"Justin","email":"jhagerty@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":639732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gaddis, Lisa R. 0000-0001-9953-5483 lgaddis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9953-5483","contributorId":2817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaddis","given":"Lisa","email":"lgaddis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":639733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Soderblom, Laurence A. 0000-0002-0917-853X lsoderblom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0917-853X","contributorId":2721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"Laurence","email":"lsoderblom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":639734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Geissler, Paul E. pgeissler@usgs.gov","contributorId":2811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geissler","given":"Paul","email":"pgeissler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":639735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70044529,"text":"70044529 - 2011 - A trans-dimensional Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm for model assessment using frequency-domain electromagnetic data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-16T20:19:01","indexId":"70044529","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A trans-dimensional Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm for model assessment using frequency-domain electromagnetic data","docAbstract":"A meaningful interpretation of geophysical measurements requires an assessment of the space of models that are consistent with the data, rather than just a single, ‘best’ model which does not convey information about parameter uncertainty. For this purpose, a trans-dimensional Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm is developed for assessing frequencydomain electromagnetic (FDEM) data acquired from airborne or ground-based systems. By sampling the distribution of models that are consistent with measured data and any prior knowledge, valuable inferences can be made about parameter values such as the likely depth to an interface, the distribution of possible resistivity values as a function of depth and non-unique relationships between parameters. The trans-dimensional aspect of the algorithm allows the number of layers to be a free parameter that is controlled by the data, where models with fewer layers are inherently favoured, which provides a natural measure of parsimony and a significant degree of flexibility in parametrization. The MCMC algorithm is used with synthetic examples to illustrate how the distribution of acceptable models is affected by the choice of prior information, the system geometry and configuration and the uncertainty in the measured system elevation. An airborne FDEM data set that was acquired for the purpose of hydrogeological characterization is also studied. The results compare favorably with traditional least-squares analysis, borehole resistivity and lithology logs from the site, and also provide new information about parameter uncertainty necessary for model assessment.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05165.x","usgsCitation":"Minsley, B.J., 2011, A trans-dimensional Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm for model assessment using frequency-domain electromagnetic data: Geophysical Journal International, v. 187, p. 252-272, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05165.x.","startPage":"252","endPage":"272","ipdsId":"IP-026128","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":269488,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269486,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05165.x"},{"id":269487,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1524&context=usgsstaffpub"}],"country":"United States","volume":"187","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51459461e4b0c47b5d322a7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Minsley, Burke J. 0000-0003-1689-1306 bminsley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1689-1306","contributorId":697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minsley","given":"Burke","email":"bminsley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70041632,"text":"70041632 - 2011 - Elk Monitoring Protocol for Lewis and Clark National Historical Park, Version 1.0","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-23T09:33:14","indexId":"70041632","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":273,"text":"Natural Resource Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"NPS/NCCN/NRR—2011/455","title":"Elk Monitoring Protocol for Lewis and Clark National Historical Park, Version 1.0","docAbstract":"Maintaining elk (Cervus elaphus roosevelti) herds that frequent Lewis and Clark National Historical Park (NHP) is central to the park’s purpose of preserving the historic, cultural, scenic, and natural resources. Elk were critical to sustaining the members of the Lewis and Clark expedition by providing food and clothing over the winter of 1805-1806. Today, elk viewing opportunities in the park and surrounding region generate broad appeal with the visiting public, which number over 250,000 per year at the Fort Clatsop visitor center. This protocol describes procedures for monitoring trends in the use of the Fort Clatsop area by Roosevelt elk. Specific objectives of elk monitoring in Lewis and Clark NHP are to measure the relative use and proportion of area used by elk during winter in the Fort Clatsop Unit of the park, and the rate at which elk are sighted from roads in and around the park. Relative use and the proportion of area used by elk are determined from elk fecal pellet surveys conducted every other year in the Fort Clatsop park unit. Pairs of observers visit a systematic array of permanent plots in the fall to clear them of elk fecal pellets, and return to the plots in late winter to count elk fecal pellets that have accumulated during winter. Half of the subplots are counted by two independent observers, which allows for the estimation of relative use and proportion of area occupied by elk with analyses of detection biases that account for unseen elk pellet groups. Standardized road surveys are conducted in and near the Fort Clatsop park unit three or four times monthly during alternate months. Data from road surveys are used to quantify the rate that park visitors would be expected to see elk, when driving the selected set of routes. The monitoring protocol is based on three field seasons of development and testing. The protocol narrative describes the background, rationale, sampling design, field methods, analytical methods, data management, reporting, personnel requirements, and operational requirements for elk monitoring in Lewis and Clark NHP. The sampling design reflects tradeoffs between statistical and ecological considerations, safety, and current budget considerations. The protocol provides adequate power to detect a doubling or halving of elk use in the Fort Clatsop unit and surrounding areas within 15 years. Step-by-step guidance for planning and completing the monitoring tasks are in the attached standard operating procedures (SOPs). Information on the status and trends of elk use in Lewis and Clark NHP will allow park managers to assess the effects on elk of restoration programs within the park, build community partnerships, and identify potential linkages between regional land use changes and elk use of the Park. Lewis and Clark NHP has an active ecological restoration program that aims to recreate, where possible, ecological conditions that Lewis and Clark encountered. The restoration program includes an extensive exotic plant removal program, wetland restoration, and silvicultural treatments that will hasten development of late-seral conditions in recently acquired forest lands of the Fort Clatsop park unit. In the future, monitoring results can be used to test for spatial associations between ecological restoration treatments and relative use by elk. The park also plans to feature results from elk monitoring prominently in its educational outreach activities to help interpret the historical and current ecological context of the Lewis and Clark story, and engender public support for the park mission and management activities. Although NPS does not manage non-park lands, information about trends in the distribution of elk use will be valuable in public outreach and discussions with other partnering agencies and regional private landowners.","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","publisherLocation":"Tacoma, WA","usgsCitation":"Jenkins, K.J., Griffin, P., Boetsch, J.R., and Cole, C., 2011, Elk Monitoring Protocol for Lewis and Clark National Historical Park, Version 1.0: Natural Resource Report NPS/NCCN/NRR—2011/455, xv, 225 p.","productDescription":"xv, 225 p.","ipdsId":"IP-031884","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":268004,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268003,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://irma.nps.gov/gueststs/users/issue.aspx?wa=wsignin1.0&wtrealm=https%3a%2f%2firma.nps.gov%2fApp%2f&wctx=rm%3d0%26id%3dpassive%26ru%3d%252fApp%252fReference%252fDownloadDigitalFile%253fcode%253d436657%2526file%253dNCCN_LEWI_ElkMonitoringProtocol_20111019.pdf&wct=2013-02-23T15%3a27%3a44Z"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5129f31de4b04edf7e93f892","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jenkins, Kurt J. 0000-0003-1415-6607 kurt_jenkins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1415-6607","contributorId":3415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"Kurt","email":"kurt_jenkins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Griffin, Paul C. pgriffin@usgs.gov","contributorId":3402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"Paul C.","email":"pgriffin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":470021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boetsch, John R.","contributorId":36236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boetsch","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cole, Carla","contributorId":44809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"Carla","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70042001,"text":"70042001 - 2011 - Influence of dreissenid mussels on catchability of benthic fishes in bottom trawls","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-23T07:51:18","indexId":"70042001","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of dreissenid mussels on catchability of benthic fishes in bottom trawls","docAbstract":"Inferring trends in true abundance of fish populations from catch per unit effort data requires either the knowledge of capture probability or the assumption that it is constant, both of which are unlikely contingencies. We developed and validated an index of catchability (a proxy measure for capture probability) from a long-term data set describing nearshore waters of western Lake Erie, and we used the index to test the hypothesis that catchability of four abundant benthic species captured in bottom trawls changed after the invasion of dreissenid mussels. We estimated daytime and nighttime catchability for 1972–1990 (predreissenid period) and 1991–2009 (dreissenid period); we then tested for differences between nighttime and daytime catchability in the predreissenid and dreissenid periods and the nighttime–daytime differential in catchability during the dreissenid period. We also tested relationships between Secchi depth and the catchability index via linear regression. Catchability indices for white perch Morone americana, yellow perch Perca flavescens, and trout-perch Percopsis omiscomaycus did not differ between daytime and nighttime during the predreissenid period. After establishment of dreissenids, all three of these species had lower daytime catchability than nighttime catchability and had positive nighttime–daytime differentials, indicating a shift toward higher nighttime catchability relative to daytime catchability. Changes in catchability indices for freshwater drum Aplodinotus grunniens were opposite the changes observed for the other three species, possibly because the freshwater drum is the only species that actively feeds on dreissenids. Catchability indices were negatively related to water clarity (Secchi depth) for three of the species. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that catchability of the four most common benthic fish species captured in bottom trawls within nearshore waters of western Lake Erie changed after the dreissenid invasion because of increased water clarity and increased visibility, which led to greater daytime trawl avoidance.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2011.639271","usgsCitation":"Kocovsky, P.M., and Stapanian, M.A., 2011, Influence of dreissenid mussels on catchability of benthic fishes in bottom trawls: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 140, no. 6, p. 1565-1573, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2011.639271.","startPage":"1565","endPage":"1573","ipdsId":"IP-025426","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267978,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2011.639271"},{"id":267979,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"140","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5129f32de4b04edf7e93f8ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kocovsky, Patrick M. 0000-0003-4325-4265 pkocovsky@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4325-4265","contributorId":3429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kocovsky","given":"Patrick","email":"pkocovsky@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":251,"text":"Ecosystems Mission Area","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stapanian, Martin A. 0000-0001-8173-4273 mstapanian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8173-4273","contributorId":3425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stapanian","given":"Martin","email":"mstapanian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70041708,"text":"70041708 - 2011 - The influence of current speed and vegetation density on flow structure in two macrotidal eelgrass canopies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-22T13:35:52","indexId":"70041708","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2621,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography: Fluids and Environments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The influence of current speed and vegetation density on flow structure in two macrotidal eelgrass canopies","docAbstract":"The influence of eelgrass (Zostera marina) on near-bed currents, turbulence, and drag was investigated at three sites in two eelgrass canopies of differing density and at one unvegetated site in the San Juan archipelago of Puget Sound, Washington, USA. Eelgrass blade length exceeded 1 m. Velocity profiles up to 1.5 m above the sea floor were collected over a spring-neap tidal cycle with a downward-looking pulse-coherent acoustic Doppler profiler above the canopies and two acoustic Doppler velocimeters within the canopies. The eelgrass attenuated currents by a minimum of 40%, and by more than 70% at the most densely vegetated site. Attenuation decreased with increasing current speed. The data were compared to the shear-layer model of vegetated flows and the displaced logarithmic model. Velocity profiles outside the meadows were logarithmic. Within the canopies, most profiles were consistent with the shear-layer model, with a logarithmic layer above the canopy. However, at the less-dense sites, when currents were strong, shear at the sea floor and above the canopy was significant relative to shear at the top of the canopy, and the velocity profiles more closely resembled those in a rough-wall boundary layer. Turbulence was strong at the canopy top and decreased with height. Friction velocity at the canopy top was 1.5–2 times greater than at the unvegetated, sandy site. The coefficient of drag CD on the overlying flow derived from the logarithmic velocity profile above the canopy, was 3–8 times greater than at the unvegetated site (0.01–0.023 vs. 2.9 × 10−3).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Limnology and Oceanography: Fluids and Environments","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Limnology and Oceanography","publisherLocation":"Waco, TX","doi":"10.1215/21573698-1152489","usgsCitation":"Lacy, J.R., and Wyllie-Echeverria, S., 2011, The influence of current speed and vegetation density on flow structure in two macrotidal eelgrass canopies: Limnology and Oceanography: Fluids and Environments, v. 1, no. 2011, p. 38-55, https://doi.org/10.1215/21573698-1152489.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"38","endPage":"55","ipdsId":"IP-021828","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263964,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263963,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1215/21573698-1152489"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Puget Sound","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.7513,47.7495 ], [ -122.7513,48.2117 ], [ -122.3315,48.2117 ], [ -122.3315,47.7495 ], [ -122.7513,47.7495 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"1","issue":"2011","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c86462e4b03bc63bd67a1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lacy, Jessica R. 0000-0002-2797-6172 jlacy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2797-6172","contributorId":3158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lacy","given":"Jessica","email":"jlacy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wyllie-Echeverria, Sandy","contributorId":24874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wyllie-Echeverria","given":"Sandy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70042220,"text":"70042220 - 2011 - Seismic hazard maps for Haiti","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-28T14:15:25","indexId":"70042220","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic hazard maps for Haiti","docAbstract":"We have produced probabilistic seismic hazard maps of Haiti for peak ground acceleration and response spectral accelerations that include the hazard from the major crustal faults, subduction zones, and background earthquakes. The hazard from the Enriquillo-Plantain Garden, Septentrional, and Matheux-Neiba fault zones was estimated using fault slip rates determined from GPS measurements. The hazard from the subduction zones along the northern and southeastern coasts of Hispaniola was calculated from slip rates derived from GPS data and the overall plate motion. Hazard maps were made for a firm-rock site condition and for a grid of shallow shear-wave velocities estimated from topographic slope. The maps show substantial hazard throughout Haiti, with the highest hazard in Haiti along the Enriquillo-Plantain Garden and Septentrional fault zones. The Matheux-Neiba Fault exhibits high hazard in the maps for 2% probability of exceedance in 50 years, although its slip rate is poorly constrained.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earthquake Spectra","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"EERI","publisherLocation":"Oakland, CA","doi":"10.1193/1.3631016","usgsCitation":"Frankel, A., Harmsen, S., Mueller, C., Calais, E., and Haase, J., 2011, Seismic hazard maps for Haiti: Earthquake Spectra, v. 27, no. S1, p. S23-S41, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.3631016.","productDescription":"39 p.","startPage":"S23","endPage":"S41","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264898,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.3631016"},{"id":264899,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Haiti","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -74.4809,18.0221 ], [ -74.4809,20.0896 ], [ -71.6218,20.0896 ], [ -71.6218,18.0221 ], [ -74.4809,18.0221 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"27","issue":"S1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4bcbee4b0e8fec6cdf833","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frankel, Arthur","contributorId":103761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankel","given":"Arthur","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harmsen, Stephen","contributorId":95977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harmsen","given":"Stephen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mueller, Charles","contributorId":57178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"Charles","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Calais, Eric","contributorId":98838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calais","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Haase, Jennifer","contributorId":55932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haase","given":"Jennifer","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70041771,"text":"70041771 - 2011 - Using the 2011 Mw9.0 Tohoku earthquake to test the Coulomb stress triggering hypothesis and to calculate faults brought closer to failure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-17T22:13:57","indexId":"70041771","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1430,"text":"Earth, Planets and Space","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using the 2011 Mw9.0 Tohoku earthquake to test the Coulomb stress triggering hypothesis and to calculate faults brought closer to failure","docAbstract":"The 11 March 2011 Tohoku Earthquake provides an unprecedented test of the extent to which Coulomb stress transfer governs the triggering of aftershocks. During 11-31 March, there were 177 aftershocks with focal mechanisms, and so the Coulomb stress change imparted by the rupture can be resolved on the aftershock nodal planes to learn whether they were brought closer to failure. Numerous source models for the mainshock have been inverted from seismic, geodetic, and tsunami observations. Here, we show that, among six tested source models, there is a mean 47% gain in positively-stressed aftershock mechanisms over that for the background (1997-10 March 2011) earthquakes, which serve as the control group. An aftershock fault friction of 0.4 is found to fit the data better than 0.0 or 0.8, and among all the tested models, Wei and Sladen (2011) produced the largest gain, 63%. We also calculate that at least 5 of the seven large, exotic, or remote aftershocks were brought ≥0.3 bars closer to failure. With these tests as confirmation, we calculate that large sections of the Japan trench megathrust, the outer trench slope normal faults, the Kanto fragment beneath Tokyo, and the Itoigawa-Shizuoka Tectonic Line, were also brought ≥0.3 bars closer to failure.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth, Planets and Space","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Terrapub","publisherLocation":"Tokyo, Japan","doi":"10.5047/eps.2011.05.010","usgsCitation":"Toda, S., Lin, J., and Stein, R.S., 2011, Using the 2011 Mw9.0 Tohoku earthquake to test the Coulomb stress triggering hypothesis and to calculate faults brought closer to failure: Earth, Planets and Space, v. 63, no. 7, p. 725-730, https://doi.org/10.5047/eps.2011.05.010.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"725","endPage":"730","ipdsId":"IP-029247","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474824,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5047/eps.2011.05.010","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":264028,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264027,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5047/eps.2011.05.010"}],"country":"Japan","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 122.9,24.0 ], [ 122.9,45.5 ], [ 154.0,45.5 ], [ 154.0,24.0 ], [ 122.9,24.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"63","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50cb583de4b09e092d6f0436","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Toda, Shinji","contributorId":43062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toda","given":"Shinji","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lin, Jian","contributorId":16930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lin","given":"Jian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stein, Ross S. 0000-0001-7586-3933 rstein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7586-3933","contributorId":2604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"Ross","email":"rstein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}