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Additionally, the importance of C gas emissions relative to lateral C exports is not well known because gaseous and aqueous fluxes are not commonly measured on the same rivers. We couple measurements of aqueous CO</span><sub>2</sub><span> and CH</span><sub>4</sub><span> partial pressures (</span><i>p</i><span>CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>, </span><i>p</i><span>CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>) and flux across the water-air interface with gas transfer models to calculate subbasin distributions of gas flux density. We then combine those flux densities with remote and direct observations of stream and river water surface area and ice duration, to calculate C gas emissions from flowing waters throughout the Yukon River basin. CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>emissions were 7.68 Tg C yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span> (95% CI: 5.84 −10.46), averaging 750 g C m</span><sup>−2</sup><span> yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span> normalized to water surface area, and 9.0 g C m</span><sup>−2</sup><span> yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span> normalized to river basin area. River CH</span><sub>4</sub><span> emissions totaled 55 Gg C yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span> or 0.7% of the total mass of C emitted as CO</span><sub>2</sub><span> plus CH</span><sub>4</sub><span> and ∼6.4% of their combined radiative forcing. When combined with lateral inorganic plus organic C exports to below head of tide, C gas emissions comprised 50% of total C exported by the Yukon River and its tributaries. River CO</span><sub>2</sub><span> and CH</span><sub>4</sub><span> derive from multiple sources, including groundwater, surface water runoff, carbonate equilibrium reactions, and benthic and water column microbial processing of organic C. The exact role of each of these processes is not yet quantified in the overall river C budget.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2012GB004306","usgsCitation":"Striegl, R.G., Dornblaser, M.M., McDonald, C.P., Rover, J.R., and Stets, E., 2012, Carbon dioxide and methane emissions from the Yukon River system: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 26, no. 4, GB0E05: 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GB004306.","productDescription":"GB0E05: 11 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-036892","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474232,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2012gb004306","text":"Publisher Index 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jrover@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3437-4030","contributorId":2941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rover","given":"Jennifer","email":"jrover@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stets, Edward G. estets@usgs.gov","contributorId":152533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stets","given":"Edward G.","email":"estets@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":631583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70189350,"text":"70189350 - 2012 - Solute and geothermal flux monitoring using electrical conductivity in the Madison, Firehole, and Gibbon Rivers, Yellowstone National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-30T13:07:28","indexId":"70189350","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Solute and geothermal flux monitoring using electrical conductivity in the Madison, Firehole, and Gibbon Rivers, Yellowstone National Park","docAbstract":"<p><span>The thermal output from the Yellowstone magma chamber can be estimated from the Cl flux in the major rivers in Yellowstone National Park; and by utilizing continuous discharge and electrical conductivity measurements the Cl flux can be calculated. The relationship between electrical conductivity and concentrations of Cl and other geothermal solutes (Na, SO</span><sub>4</sub><span>, F, HCO</span><sub>3</sub><span>, SiO</span><sub>2</sub><span>, K, Li, B, and As) was quantified at monitoring sites along the Madison, Gibbon, and Firehole Rivers, which receive discharge from some of the largest and most active geothermal areas in Yellowstone. Except for some trace elements, most solutes behave conservatively and the ratios between geothermal solute concentrations are constant in the Madison, Gibbon, and Firehole Rivers. Hence, dissolved concentrations of Cl, Na, SO</span><sub>4</sub><span>, F, HCO</span><sub>3</sub><span>, SiO</span><sub>2</sub><span>, K, Li, Ca, B and As correlate well with conductivity (</span><i>R</i><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span><span>&gt;</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>0.9 for most solutes) and most exhibit linear trends. The 2011 flux for Cl, SO</span><sub>4</sub><span>, F and HCO</span><sub>3</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>determined using automated conductivity sensors and discharge data from nearby USGS gaging stations is in good agreement with those of previous years (1983–1994 and 1997–2008) at each of the monitoring sites. Continuous conductivity monitoring provides a cost- and labor-effective alternative to existing protocols whereby flux is estimated through manual collection of numerous water samples and subsequent chemical analysis. Electrical conductivity data also yield insights into a variety of topics of research interest at Yellowstone and elsewhere: (1) Geyser eruptions are easily identified and the solute flux quantified with conductivity data. (2) Short-term heavy rain events can produce conductivity anomalies due to dissolution of efflorescent salts that are temporarily trapped in and around geyser basins during low-flow periods. During a major rain event in October 2010, 180,000</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>kg of additional solute was measured in the Madison River. (3) The output of thermal water from the Gibbon River appears to have increased by about 0.2%/a in recent years, while the output of thermal water for the Firehole River shows a decrease of about 10% from 1983 to 2011. Confirmation of these trends will require continuing Cl flux monitoring over the coming decades.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2012.07.019","usgsCitation":"McCleskey, R.B., Clor, L., Lowenstern, J.B., Evans, W.C., Nordstrom, D.K., Heasler, H., and Huebner, M., 2012, Solute and geothermal flux monitoring using electrical conductivity in the Madison, Firehole, and Gibbon Rivers, Yellowstone National Park: Applied Geochemistry, v. 27, no. 12, p. 2370-2381, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2012.07.019.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"2370","endPage":"2381","ipdsId":"IP-037339","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343606,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Firehole River, Gibbon River, Madison River, Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.05667114257812,\n              44.41122141189896\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.76141357421875,\n              44.41122141189896\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.76141357421875,\n              44.70965819812379\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.05667114257812,\n              44.70965819812379\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.05667114257812,\n              44.41122141189896\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5965babce4b0d1f9f05b38d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCleskey, R. Blaine 0000-0002-2521-8052 rbmccles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2521-8052","contributorId":147399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCleskey","given":"R.","email":"rbmccles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Blaine","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clor, Laura 0000-0003-2633-5100 lclor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2633-5100","contributorId":150878,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clor","given":"Laura","email":"lclor@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lowenstern, Jacob B. 0000-0003-0464-7779 jlwnstrn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0464-7779","contributorId":2755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowenstern","given":"Jacob","email":"jlwnstrn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Evans, William C. 0000-0001-5942-3102 wcevans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5942-3102","contributorId":2353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"William","email":"wcevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. 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,{"id":70154950,"text":"70154950 - 2012 - Population status and habitat associations of the King Rail in the midwestern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-22T09:33:47","indexId":"70154950","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population status and habitat associations of the King Rail in the midwestern United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>The migratory population of the King Rail (</span><i>Rallus elegans</i><span>) has declined dramatically during the past 50 years, emphasizing the need to document the distribution and status of this species to help guide conservation efforts. In an effort to guide King Rail breeding habitat protection and restoration, a landscape suitability index (LSI) model was developed for the Upper Mississippi River and Great Lakes Region Joint Venture (JV). To validate this model, 264 sites were surveyed across the JV region in 2008 and 2009 using the National Marshbird Monitoring protocol. Two other similarly collected data sets from Wisconsin (250 sites) and Ohio (259 sites) as well as data from the Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology's eBird database were added to our data set. Sampling effort was not uniform across the study area. King Rails were detected at 29 sites with the greatest concentration in southeastern Wisconsin and northeastern Illinois. Too few detections were made to validate the LSI model. King Rail detection sites tended to have microtopographic heterogeneity, more emergent herbaceous wetland vegetation and less woody vegetation. The migrant population of the King Rail is rare and warrants additional conservation efforts to achieve stated conservation population targets.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Waterbird Society","doi":"10.1675/063.035.0404","usgsCitation":"Bolenbaugh, J.R., Cooper, T., Brady, R.S., Willard, K.L., and Krementz, D.G., 2012, Population status and habitat associations of the King Rail in the midwestern United States: Waterbirds, v. 35, no. 4, p. 535-545, https://doi.org/10.1675/063.035.0404.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"535","endPage":"545","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-036202","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305876,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, Ohio, Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n  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Tom","contributorId":145778,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cooper","given":"Tom","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brady, Ryan S.","contributorId":145779,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brady","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Willard, Karen L.","contributorId":145780,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Willard","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Krementz, David G. 0000-0002-5661-4541 dkrementz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5661-4541","contributorId":2827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krementz","given":"David","email":"dkrementz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70041367,"text":"70041367 - 2012 - Influences on <i>Bythotrephes longimanus</i> life-history characteristics in the Great Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-04T11:38:59","indexId":"70041367","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influences on <i>Bythotrephes longimanus</i> life-history characteristics in the Great Lakes","docAbstract":"We compared <i>Bythotrephes</i> population demographics and dynamics to predator (planktivorous fish) and prey (small-bodied crustacean zooplankton) densities at a site sampled through the growing season in Lakes Michigan, Huron, and Erie. Although seasonal average densities of <i>Bythotrephes</i> were similar across lakes (222/m<sup>2</sup> Erie, 247/m<sup>2</sup> Huron, 162/m<sup>2</sup> Michigan), temporal trends in abundance differed among lakes. In central Lake Erie where <i>Bythotrephes</i>' prey assemblage was dominated by small individuals (60%), where planktivorous fish densities were high (14,317/ha), and where a shallow water column limited availability of a deepwater refuge, the <i>Bythotrephes</i> population was characterized by a small mean body size, large broods with small neonates, allocation of length increases mainly to the spine rather than to the body, and a late summer population decline. By contrast, in Lake Michigan where <i>Bythotrephes</i>' prey assemblage was dominated by large individuals (72%) and planktivorous fish densities were lower (5052/ha), the <i>Bythotrephes</i> population was characterized by a large mean body size (i.e., 37–55% higher than in Erie), small broods with large neonates, nearly all growth in body length occurring between instars 1 and 2, and population persistence into fall. Life-history characteristics in Lake Huron tended to be intermediate to those found in Lakes Michigan and Erie, reflecting lower overall prey and predator densities (1224/ha) relative to the other lakes. Because plasticity in life history can affect interactions with other species, our findings point to the need to understand life-history variation among Great Lakes populations to improve our ability to model the dynamics of these ecosystems.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2011.10.003","usgsCitation":"Pothoven, S.A., Vanderploeg, H., Warner, D.M., Schaeffer, J.S., Ludsin, S.A., Claramunt, R., and Nalepa, T., 2012, Influences on <i>Bythotrephes longimanus</i> life-history characteristics in the Great Lakes: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 38, no. 1, p. 134-141, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2011.10.003.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"134","endPage":"141","ipdsId":"IP-030718","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263670,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263668,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2011.10.003"}],"country":"United States;Canada","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.11,41.4 ], [ -92.11,48.88 ], [ -76.0002,48.88 ], [ -76.0002,41.4 ], [ -92.11,41.4 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"38","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50bfbd9ce4b01744973f780c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pothoven, Steven A.","contributorId":92998,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pothoven","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vanderploeg, Henry A.","contributorId":85929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vanderploeg","given":"Henry A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Warner, David M. 0000-0003-4939-5368 dmwarner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4939-5368","contributorId":2986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"David","email":"dmwarner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schaeffer, Jeffrey S.","contributorId":89083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaeffer","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ludsin, Stuart A.","contributorId":96978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludsin","given":"Stuart","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Claramunt, Randall M.","contributorId":19047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Claramunt","given":"Randall M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Nalepa, Thomas F.","contributorId":28212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nalepa","given":"Thomas F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70043769,"text":"70043769 - 2012 - Re–Os geochronology of the lacustrine Green River Formation: Insights into direct depositional dating of lacustrine successions, Re–Os systematics and paleocontinental weathering","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-07T11:31:03","indexId":"70043769","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Re–Os geochronology of the lacustrine Green River Formation: Insights into direct depositional dating of lacustrine successions, Re–Os systematics and paleocontinental weathering","docAbstract":"Lacustrine sedimentary successions provide exceptionally high-resolution records of continental geological processes, responding to tectonic, climatic and magmatic influences. These successions are therefore essential for correlating geological and climatic phenomena across continents and furthermore the globe. Producing accurate geochronological frameworks within lacustrine strata is challenging because the stratigraphy is often bereft of biostratigraphy and directly dateable tuff horizons. The rhenium–osmium (Re–Os) geochronometer is a well-established tool for determining precise and accurate depositional ages of marine organic-rich rocks. Lake systems with stratified water columns are predisposed to the preservation of organic-rich rocks and thus should permit direct Re–Os geochronology of lacustrine strata. We present Re–Os systematics from one of the world's best documented lacustrine systems, the Eocene Green River Formation, providing accurate Re–Os depositional dates that are supported by Ar–Ar and U–Pb ages of intercalated tuff horizons. Precision of the Green River Formation Re–Os dates is controlled by the variation in initial <sup>187</sup>Os/<sup>188</sup>Os and the range of <sup>187</sup>Re/<sup>188</sup>Os ratios, as also documented in marine systems. Controls on uptake and fractionation of Re and Os are considered to relate mainly to depositional setting and the type of organic matter deposited, with the need to further understand the chelating precursors of Re and Os in organic matter highlighted. In addition to geochronology, the Re–Os data records the 187Os/188Os composition of lake water (1.41–1.54) at the time of deposition, giving an insight into continental runoff derived from weathering of the geological hinterland of the Green River Formation. Such insights enable us to evaluate fluctuations in continental climatic, tectonic and magmatic processes and provide the ability for chemostratigraphic correlation combined with direct depositional dates. Furthermore, initial 187Os/188Os values can be used as a diagnostic tool to distinguish between lacustrine and marine depositional settings when compared to known oceanic <sup>187</sup>Os/<sup>188</sup>Os values.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2012.10.012","usgsCitation":"Cumming, V.M., Selby, D., and Lillis, P.G., 2012, Re–Os geochronology of the lacustrine Green River Formation: Insights into direct depositional dating of lacustrine successions, Re–Os systematics and paleocontinental weathering: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 359-360, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2012.10.012.","numberOfPages":"34","ipdsId":"IP-035807","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488173,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1498377","text":"External Repository"},{"id":273446,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267778,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2012.10.012"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado;Utah;Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Greater Green River Basin;Uinta Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -0.01638888888888889,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -0.01638888888888889,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -0.016666666666666666,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -0.016666666666666666,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -0.01638888888888889,8.333333333333334E-4 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"359-360","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b300e7e4b01368e589e3fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cumming, Vivien M.","contributorId":69044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cumming","given":"Vivien","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Selby, David","contributorId":58167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selby","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lillis, Paul G. 0000-0002-7508-1699 plillis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7508-1699","contributorId":1817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lillis","given":"Paul","email":"plillis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70154860,"text":"70154860 - 2012 - Spatial and temporal patterns of surface water quality and ichthyotoxicity in urban and rural river basins in Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-15T15:10:25","indexId":"70154860","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3716,"text":"Water Research","onlineIssn":"1879-2448","printIssn":"0043-1354","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial and temporal patterns of surface water quality and ichthyotoxicity in urban and rural river basins in Texas","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Double Mountain Fork Brazos River (Texas, USA) consists of North (NF) and South Forks (SF). The NF receives urban runoff and twice-reclaimed wastewater effluent, whereas the SF flows through primarily rural areas. The objective of this study was to determine and compare associations between standard water quality variables and ichthyotoxicity at a landscape scale that included urban (NF) and rural (SF) sites. Five NF and three SF sites were sampled quarterly from March 2008 to March 2009 for specific conductance, salinity, hardness, pH, temperature, and turbidity; and a zebrafish (</span><i>Danio rerio</i><span>) embryo bioassay was used to determine ichthyotoxicity. Metal and nutrient concentrations at all sites were also measured in addition to standard water quality variables in spring 2009. Principal component analyses identified hardness, specific conductance, and salinity as the water variables that best differentiate the urban NF (higher levels) from rural SF habitat. Nutrient levels were also higher in the NF, but no landscape scale patterns in metal concentrations were observed. Ichthyotoxicity was generally higher in NF water especially in winter, and multiple regression analyses suggested a positive association between water hardness and ichthyotoxicity. To test for the potential influence of the toxic golden alga (</span><i>Prymnesium parvum</i><span>) on overall ichthyotoxicity, a cofactor known to enhance golden alga toxin activity was used in the bioassays. Golden alga ichthyotoxicity was detected in the NF but not the SF, suggesting golden alga may have contributed to overall ichthyotoxicity in the urban but not in the rural system. In conclusion, the physicochemistry of the urban-influenced NF water was conducive to the expression of ichthyotoxicity and also point to water hardness as a novel factor influencing golden alga ichthyotoxicity in surface waters.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2012.05.002","usgsCitation":"VanLandeghem, M., Meyer, M.D., Cox, S., Sharma, B., and Patino, R., 2012, Spatial and temporal patterns of surface water quality and ichthyotoxicity in urban and rural river basins in Texas: Water Research, v. 20, p. 6638-6651, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2012.05.002.","productDescription":"46","startPage":"6638","endPage":"6651","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-019013","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305774,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Lubbock","otherGeospatial":"Brazos River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -101.94797515869139,\n              33.52565471117594\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.94797515869139,\n              33.62376800118814\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.78352355957031,\n              33.62376800118814\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.78352355957031,\n              33.52565471117594\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.94797515869139,\n              33.52565471117594\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -101.21429443359375,\n              32.99829825477535\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.21429443359375,\n              33.08118605830584\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.01242065429686,\n              33.08118605830584\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.01242065429686,\n              32.99829825477535\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.21429443359375,\n              32.99829825477535\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"20","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55a78439e4b0183d66e45e96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"VanLandeghem, Matthew M.","contributorId":143728,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"VanLandeghem","given":"Matthew M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meyer, Matthew D.","contributorId":145648,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meyer","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cox, Stephen B.","contributorId":101505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"Stephen B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sharma, Bibek","contributorId":100106,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sharma","given":"Bibek","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Patino, Reynaldo 0000-0002-4831-8400 r.patino@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4831-8400","contributorId":2311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patino","given":"Reynaldo","email":"r.patino@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70041527,"text":"pp1794A3 - 2012 - Willamette Valley Ecoregion: Chapter 3 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-01T10:56:19","indexId":"pp1794A3","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1794-A-3","title":"Willamette Valley Ecoregion: Chapter 3 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>","docAbstract":"The Willamette Valley Ecoregion (as defined by Omernik, 1987; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1997) covers approximately 14,458 km² (5,582 mi<sup>2</sup>), making it one of the smallest ecoregions in the conterminous United States. The long, alluvial Willamette Valley, which stretches north to south more than 193 km and ranges from 32 to 64 km wide, is nestled between the sedimentary and metamorphic Coast Ranges (Coast Range Ecoregion) to the west and the basaltic Cascade Range (Cascades Ecoregion) to the east (fig. 1). The Lewis and Columbia Rivers converge at the ecoregion’s northern boundary in Washington state; however, the majority of the ecoregion falls within northwestern Oregon. Interstate 5 runs the length of the valley to its southern boundary with the Klamath Mountains Ecoregion. Topography here is relatively flat, with elevations ranging from sea level to 122 m. This even terrain, coupled with mild, wet winters, warm, dry summers, and nutrient-rich soil, makes the Willamette Valley the most important agricultural region in Oregon. Population centers are concentrated along the valley floor. According to estimates from the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (2006), over 2.3 million people lived in Willamette Valley in 2000. Portland, Oregon, is the largest city, with 529,121 residents (U.S. Census Bureau, 2000). Other sizable cities include Eugene, Oregon; Salem (Oregon’s state capital); and Vancouver, Washington. Despite the large urban areas dotting the length of the Willamette Valley Ecoregion, agriculture and forestry products are its economic foundation (figs. 2,3). The valley is a major producer of grass seed, ornamental plants, fruits, nuts, vegetables, and grains, as well as poultry, beef, and dairy products. The forestry and logging industries also are primary employers of the valley’s rural residents (Rooney, 2008). These activities have affected the watershed significantly, with forestry and agricultural runoff contributing to river sedimentation and decreased water quality in the Willamette River and its tributary streams (Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, 2006). Recent years have seen a marked decline in forest health related to the increased frequency of multiyear droughts. Insect damage and other diseases also are present; however, drought- related water stress is the primary factor in coniferous-tree mortality (Oregon Department of Forestry, 2008). Trees most at risk include Douglas-fir (<i>Pseudotsuga menziesii</i>), grand fir (<i>Abies grandis</i>), and western red cedar (<i>Thuja plicata</i>). Overstocking by timber companies and planting on sites with poor conditions increase susceptibility. Over time, these problems may lead to changes in planting practices and the use of more drought-tolerant species such as ponderosa pine (<i>Pinus ponderosa</i>).","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000: Volume A in <i>Status and trends of land change in the United States--1973 to 2000</i> (PP 1794-A)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1794A3","collaboration":"This publication is Chapter 3 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>, which is Volume A in <i>Status and trends of land change in the United States--1973 to 2000</i>, PP 1794.  Volume A consists of 30 chapters. For access to other chapters, please visit <a href=\"http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1794A\" target=\"_blank\">PP 1794-A</a>.","usgsCitation":"Wilson, T.S., and Sorenson, D.G., 2012, Willamette Valley Ecoregion: Chapter 3 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1794-A-3, Chapter 3: 7 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1794A3.","productDescription":"Chapter 3: 7 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"57","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263826,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1794_A_3.jpg"},{"id":263823,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/"},{"id":263824,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/chapters/pp1794a_chapter03.pdf"},{"id":263825,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/chapters/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","city":"Portland","otherGeospatial":"Willamette Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.0,43.5 ], [ -124.0,46.0 ], [ -122.0,46.0 ], [ -122.0,43.5 ], [ -124.0,43.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c31ea6e4b0b57f2415d232","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, Tamara S.","contributorId":36640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Tamara","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sorenson, Daniel G. 0000-0003-0365-9444 dsorenson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0365-9444","contributorId":2898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorenson","given":"Daniel","email":"dsorenson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70041526,"text":"pp1794A2 - 2012 - Puget Lowland Ecoregion: Chapter 2 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-01T10:59:41","indexId":"pp1794A2","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1794-A-2","title":"Puget Lowland Ecoregion: Chapter 2 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>","docAbstract":"The Puget Lowland Ecoregion covers an area of approximately 18,009 km² (6,953 mi²) within northwestern Washington (fig. 1) (Omernik, 1987; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1997). The ecoregion is located between the Coast Range Ecoregion to the west, which includes the Olympic Mountains, and the North Cascades and the Cascades Ecoregions to the east, which include the Cascade Range. From the north, the ecoregion follows the Interstate 5 corridor, from the Canadian border south through Bellingham, Seattle, Olympia, and Longview, Washington, to the northern border of the Willamette Valley Ecoregion. The Puget Lowland Ecoregion borders the shoreline of the greater Puget Sound, a complex bay and saltwater estuary fed by spring freshwater runoff from the Olympic Mountains and Cascade Range watersheds. The ecoregion is situated in a continental glacial trough that has many islands, peninsulas, and bays. Relief is moderate, with elevations ranging from sea level to 460 m but averaging approximately 150 m (DellaSala and others, 2001). Proximity to the Pacific Ocean gives the Puget Lowland Ecoregion its mild maritime climate (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1999). Mean annual temperature is 10.5°C, with an average of 4.1°C in January and 17.7°C in July (Guttman and Quayle, 1996). Average annual precipitation ranges from 800 to 900 mm, but some areas in the rain shadow of the Olympic Mountains receive as little as 460 mm (DellaSala and others, 2001). Varying annual average precipitation greatly influences vegetation and soil type in the ecoregion. In the Puget Lowland Ecoregion, soils are dominated by Inceptisols in the north and Ultisols in the south (Jones, 2003). Before European settlement, most of the ecoregion was covered by coniferous forests, with species composition dependent on local climate (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1999). The World Wildlife Fund places the Puget Lowland Ecoregion in the Western Hemlock Vegetation Zone. Although this vegetation zone is named after the western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla), Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) is the dominant tree species. Seattle, which had an estimated population of 563,376 in 2000, is the largest city in the Puget Lowland Ecoregion (Puget Sound Regional Council, 2001). The greater Seattle metropolitan area, comprising Seattle, Tacoma, Bellevue, and Bremerton, had an estimated population of 3.5 million people in 2000 (U.S. Census Bureau, 2000). Other sizable cities in the ecoregion include the state capital Olympia, as well as Tacoma, Bellingham, and Everett, Washington. The center of the Puget Lowland Ecoregion is dominated by the Seattle metropolitan area and developed land cover, whereas agriculture occurs mainly on river floodplains in the north and south. The remainder of the ecoregion area is dominated by forest land cover (fig. 1).","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000: Volume A in <i>Status and trends of land change in the United States--1973 to 2000</i> (PP 1794-A)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1794A2","collaboration":"This publication is Chapter 2 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>, which is Volume A in <i>Status and trends of land change in the United States--1973 to 2000</i>, PP 1794.  Volume A consists of 30 chapters. For access to other chapters, please visit <a href=\"http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1794A\" target=\"_blank\">PP 1794-A</a>.","usgsCitation":"Sorenson, D.G., 2012, Puget Lowland Ecoregion: Chapter 2 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1794-A-2, Chapter 2: 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1794A2.","productDescription":"Chapter 2: 8 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"50","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263820,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1794_A_2.jpg"},{"id":263819,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/chapters"},{"id":263817,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/chapters/pp1794a_chapter02.pdf"},{"id":263818,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Cascades;Puget","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.0,46.0 ], [ -124.0,49.0 ], [ -121.5,49.0 ], [ -121.5,46.0 ], [ -124.0,46.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c31e71e4b0b57f2415d20a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sorenson, Daniel G. 0000-0003-0365-9444 dsorenson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0365-9444","contributorId":2898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorenson","given":"Daniel","email":"dsorenson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70160578,"text":"70160578 - 2012 - Evaluating the negative effect of benthic egg predators on bloater recruitment in northern Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-08T14:27:49","indexId":"70160578","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Evaluating the negative effect of benthic egg predators on bloater recruitment in northern Lake Michigan","docAbstract":"<p><span>As the only extant deepwater </span><span class=\"SpellE\">cisco</span><span> in Lake Michigan, bloater is currently at record low levels of abundance.</span><span>&nbsp; </span><span>Several mechanisms to regulate their recruitment have been proposed, including skewed sex ratios, predation on their larvae by adult alewife, and climatic factors during early life history stages, but none has unequivocal support.</span><span>&nbsp; </span><span>In this research, we evaluated an alternative mechanism of egg predation that was supported by an inverse relationship between bloater recruitment and biomass of slimy </span><span class=\"SpellE\">sculpin</span><span>, which are known to be effective egg predators.</span><span>&nbsp; </span><span>To that end, we used a combination of field sampling, laboratory experiments, and modeling to estimate the proportion of bloater eggs consumed by </span><span class=\"SpellE\">sculpins</span><span> each year between 1973 and 2008.</span><span>&nbsp; </span><span>Monthly field sampling between January through May 2009-2010 (when bloater eggs were incubating) offshore of Frankfort (Michigan), Sturgeon Bay (Wisconsin), Two Rivers (Wisconsin), and Muskegon (Michigan) provided </span><span class=\"SpellE\">benthivore</span><span> diets for subsequent laboratory processing.</span><span>&nbsp; </span><span>Identification and enumeration of stomach contents and subsequent genetic analyses of eggs revealed that the mean proportion of bloater eggs in slimy </span><span class=\"SpellE\">sculpin</span><span> diets (N = 1016) equaled 0.04.</span><span>&nbsp; </span><span>Bloater eggs also were consumed by deepwater </span><span class=\"SpellE\">sculpins</span><span> (N = 699) at a slightly lower mean proportion (0.02), and only one round goby diet among 552 enumerated revealed a bloater egg.</span><span>&nbsp; </span><span>Based on the diet results, we developed daily ration models to estimate consumption for both deepwater and slimy </span><span class=\"SpellE\">sculpins</span><span>.</span><span>&nbsp; </span><span>We conducted feeding experiments to estimate gastric evacuation (GEVAC) for water temperatures ranging 2-5 °C, similar to those observed during egg incubation.</span><span>&nbsp; </span><span>GEVAC rates equaled 0.0115/ h for slimy </span><span class=\"SpellE\">sculpin</span><span> and 0.0147/h for deepwater </span><span class=\"SpellE\">sculpin</span><span>, and did not vary between 2.7 and 5.1 °C for either species or between prey types (</span><i>Mysis <span class=\"SpellE\">relicta</span></i><span> and fish eggs) for slimy </span><span class=\"SpellE\">sculpin</span><span>.</span><span>&nbsp; </span><span>Index of fullness [(g prey/g fish weight)100%] was estimated from </span><span class=\"SpellE\">sculpins</span><span> sampled in bottom trawls in the same seasons and years as the diets, and varied with fish size (averaging 1.93% and 1.85% for slimy and deepwater </span><span class=\"SpellE\">sculpins</span><span>, respectively).</span><span>&nbsp; </span><span>Estimates of daily consumption ranged from 0.2-0.8% of </span><span class=\"SpellE\">sculpin</span><span> body weight.</span><span>&nbsp; </span><span>Annual estimates of bloater egg consumption predicted higher values for deepwater </span><span class=\"SpellE\">sculpin</span><span> than slimy </span><span class=\"SpellE\">sculpin</span><span> between 1973 and 2005.</span><span>&nbsp; </span><span>This pattern was reversed in 2006, 2008, 2009, 2010 as slimy </span><span class=\"SpellE\">sculpin</span><span> abundance increased while that of deepwater </span><span class=\"SpellE\">sculpin</span><span> declined.</span><span>&nbsp; </span><span>The sum of </span><span class=\"SpellE\">sculpin</span><span> consumption of bloater eggs exceeded 25% of bloater population egg production early (1975-1980) and late (2008-2010) in the time series.</span><span>&nbsp; </span><span>Despite the strong field pattern implicating egg predation by slimy </span><span class=\"SpellE\">sculpin</span><span>, our consumption models failed to fully support this hypothesis.</span><span>&nbsp; </span><span>In particular, our results were unable to explain why bloater recruitment was relatively poor during 1995-2005 when the proportion of bloater eggs consumed was very low (</span><u>&lt;</u><span> 0.06).</span><span>&nbsp; </span><span>The results did, however, demonstrate that bloater recruitment was consistently poor when the proportion of eggs consumed was relatively high.</span><span>&nbsp; </span><span>In conclusion, consumption by native </span><span class=\"SpellE\">benthivores</span><span> can be a contributing factor to poor recruitment of bloater, especially when slimy </span><span class=\"SpellE\">sculpin</span><span> reach high levels of abundance.</span><span>&nbsp; </span><span>This result exemplifies the importance of ecosystem-based fishery management, given that the maintenance of healthy lake trout populations in the Great Lakes should control the abundance of slimy </span><span class=\"SpellE\">sculpin</span><span> egg predators.</span><span>&nbsp; </span><span>In addition, future research will be required to fully understand the primary bottleneck to bloater recruitment in Lake Michigan so that efforts to stock and restore bloater in Lake Ontario have a greater probability of resulting in naturalized and sustainable populations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission","usgsCitation":"Bunnell, D., Mychek-Londer, J., Diana, J., Stott, W., and Madenjian, C.P., 2012, Evaluating the negative effect of benthic egg predators on bloater recruitment in northern Lake Michigan.","ipdsId":"IP-042827","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342310,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":312790,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.glfc.org/pubs/pdfs/research/reports/Bunnell_2012.htm"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -85.089111328125,\n      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S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stott, Wendylee","contributorId":8058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stott","given":"Wendylee","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Madenjian, Charles P. 0000-0002-0326-164X cmadenjian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0326-164X","contributorId":2200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"Charles","email":"cmadenjian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70176442,"text":"70176442 - 2012 - Groundwater depletion and sustainability of irrigation in the US High Plains and Central Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-26T17:02:32.884896","indexId":"70176442","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3164,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Groundwater depletion and sustainability of irrigation in the US High Plains and Central Valley","docAbstract":"<p><span>Aquifer overexploitation could significantly impact crop production in the United States because 60% of irrigation relies on groundwater. Groundwater depletion in the irrigated High Plains and California Central Valley accounts for ∼50% of groundwater depletion in the United States since 1900. A newly developed High Plains recharge map shows that high recharge in the northern High Plains results in sustainable pumpage, whereas lower recharge in the central and southern High Plains has resulted in focused depletion of 330 km</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;of fossil groundwater, mostly recharged during the past 13,000 y. Depletion is highly localized with about a third of depletion occurring in 4% of the High Plains land area. Extrapolation of the current depletion rate suggests that 35% of the southern High Plains will be unable to support irrigation within the next 30 y. Reducing irrigation withdrawals could extend the lifespan of the aquifer but would not result in sustainable management of this fossil groundwater. The Central Valley is a more dynamic, engineered system, with north/south diversions of surface water since the 1950s contributing to ∼7× higher recharge. However, these diversions are regulated because of impacts on endangered species. A newly developed Central Valley Hydrologic Model shows that groundwater depletion since the 1960s, totaling 80 km</span><sup>3</sup><span>, occurs mostly in the south (Tulare Basin) and primarily during droughts. Increasing water storage through artificial recharge of excess surface water in aquifers by up to 3 km</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;shows promise for coping with droughts and improving sustainability of groundwater resources in the Central Valley.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1200311109","usgsCitation":"Scanlon, B., Faunt, C., Longuevergne, L., Reedy, R., Alley, W.M., McGuire, V.L., and McMahon, P.B., 2012, Groundwater depletion and sustainability of irrigation in the US High Plains and Central Valley: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, v. 109, no. 24, p. 9320-9325, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1200311109.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"9320","endPage":"9325","ipdsId":"IP-036663","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474245,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository 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,{"id":70041578,"text":"pp1794A8 - 2012 - Southern Rockies Ecoregion: Chapter 8 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-01T10:58:13","indexId":"pp1794A8","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1794-A-8","title":"Southern Rockies Ecoregion: Chapter 8 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>","docAbstract":"The Southern Rockies Ecoregion is a high-elevation mountainous ecoregion that covers approximately 138,854 km2 (53,612 mi2), including much of central Colorado and parts of southern Wyoming and northern New Mexico (fig. 1) (Omernik, 1987; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1997). It abuts six other ecoregions: the Wyoming Basin and Colorado Plateaus Ecoregions on the north and west, the Arizona/New Mexico Plateau Ecoregion on the south, and the Northwestern Great Plains, Western High Plains, and Southwestern Tablelands Ecoregions on the east (fig. 1). The ecoregion receives most of its annual precipitation (25–100 cm) as snowfall, which provides a significant amount of high-elevation snowpack that is an important water source for surrounding ecoregions. The Southern Rockies Ecoregion has a steep elevation gradient from low foothills to high peaks, with several hundred summits higher than 3,660 m (12,000 ft). As a southern extension of the larger RockyMountain system, it is composed primarily of seven main north-south trending mountain ranges that are separated by four large intermontane basins. A fifth basin, the San Luis Valley, is outside the ecoregion, forming a northern finger of the Arizona/New Mexico Plateau Ecoregion that lies mostly to the south. To the east, late Tertiary sand and gravel deposits that were eroded from the relatively young Rocky Mountains were carried eastward by streams, forming the nearby Western High Plains Ecoregion and its underlying Ogallala aquifer.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000: Volume A in <i>Status and trends of land change in the United States--1973 to 2000</i> (PP 1794-A)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1794A8","collaboration":"This publication is Chapter 8 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>, which is Volume A in <i>Status and trends of land change in the United States--1973 to 2000</i>, PP 1794.  Volume A consists of 30 chapters. For access to other chapters, please visit <a href=\"http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1794A\" target=\"_blank\">PP 1794-A</a>.","usgsCitation":"Drummond, M.A., 2012, Southern Rockies Ecoregion: Chapter 8 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1794-A-8, Chapter 8: 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1794A8.","productDescription":"Chapter 8: 9 p.","startPage":"95","endPage":"103","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263859,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1794_A_8.jpg"},{"id":263857,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/chapters/pp1794a_chapter08.pdf"},{"id":263858,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/chapters/"},{"id":263856,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado;New Mexico;Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Rockies","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.5,35.0 ], [ -109.5,43.0 ], [ -103.9,43.0 ], [ -103.9,35.0 ], [ -109.5,35.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c31e7ee4b0b57f2415d215","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drummond, Mark A. 0000-0001-7420-3503 madrummond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7420-3503","contributorId":3053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drummond","given":"Mark","email":"madrummond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70042537,"text":"70042537 - 2012 - Sea lamprey orient toward a source of a synthesized pheromone using odor-conditioned rheotaxis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-28T11:49:22","indexId":"70042537","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":982,"text":"Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sea lamprey orient toward a source of a synthesized pheromone using odor-conditioned rheotaxis","docAbstract":"Characterization of vertebrate chemo-orientation strategies over long distances is difficult because it is often not feasible to conduct highly controlled hypothesis-based experiments in natural environments. To overcome the challenge, we couple in-stream behavioral observations of female sea lampreys (<i>Petromyzon marinus</i>) orienting to plumes of a synthesized mating pheromone, 7a,12a,24-trihydroxy-5a-cholan-3-one-24-sulfate (3kPZS), and engineering algorithms to systematically test chemo-orientation hypotheses. In-stream field observations and simulated movements of female sea lampreys according to control algorithms support that odor-conditioned rheotaxis is a component of the mechanism used to track plumes of 3kPZS over hundreds of meters in flowing water. Simulated movements of female sea lampreys do not support that rheotaxis or klinotaxis alone is sufficient to enable the movement patterns displayed by females in locating 3kPZS sources in the experimental stream. Odor-conditioned rheotaxis may not only be effective at small spatial scales as previous described in crustaceans, but may also be effectively used by fishes over hundreds of meters. These results may prove useful for developing management strategies for the control of invasive species that exploit the odor-conditioned tracking behavior and for developing biologically inspired navigation strategies for robotic fish.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s00265-012-1409-1","usgsCitation":"Johnson, N.S., Muhammad, A., Thompson, H., Choi, J., and Li, W., 2012, Sea lamprey orient toward a source of a synthesized pheromone using odor-conditioned rheotaxis: Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, v. 66, no. 12, p. 1557-1567, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-012-1409-1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1557","endPage":"1567","numberOfPages":"11","ipdsId":"IP-025659","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":268548,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268547,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00265-012-1409-1"}],"country":"United States","volume":"66","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51308a9de4b04c194073ae50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Nicholas S. 0000-0002-7419-6013 njohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7419-6013","contributorId":597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Nicholas","email":"njohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Muhammad, Azizah","contributorId":32054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhammad","given":"Azizah","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, Henry","contributorId":100705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Henry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Choi, Jongeun","contributorId":84229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choi","given":"Jongeun","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Li, Weiming","contributorId":65440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Weiming","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70041575,"text":"pp1794A7 - 2012 - Northern Rockies Ecoregion: Chapter 7 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-01T10:59:57","indexId":"pp1794A7","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1794-A-7","title":"Northern Rockies Ecoregion: Chapter 7 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>","docAbstract":"The Northern Rockies Ecoregion (Omernik, 1987; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1997) covers approximately 162,746 km<sup>2</sup> (63,200 mi<sup>2</sup>), primarily in Idaho but also including areas in western Montana and northeastern Washington (fig. 1). Canada forms the northern border of the ecoregion. To the west it is bordered by the Columbia Plateau and Blue Mountains Ecoregions, to the south by the Snake River Basin Ecoregion, and to the east by the Canadian Rockies, Middle Rockies, Northwestern Great Plains, and Northwestern Glaciated Plains Ecoregions; also to the east, the Northern Rockies Ecoregion interfingers with the Montana Valley and Foothill Prairies Ecoregion, each enclosing some isolated areas of the other (fig. 1). The ecoregion is composed of a series of high, rugged mountain ranges, mostly oriented northwest-southeast, with intermontane valleys between them (fig. 2). The entire ecoregion was glaciated during the Pleistocene (1,800,000 to 11,400 years ago), and today numerous large lakes occupy basins formed by glacial action (Omernik, 1987; Habeck and Mutch, 1973). Streams draining these mountain ranges provide a water source for many western cities and towns (fig. 3). The Continental Divide, located at the highest elevations along the northern Rocky Mountains, separates rivers that flow westward into the Columbia River watershed from those that flow eastward into the Missouri River watershed.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000: Volume A in <i>Status and trends of land change in the United States--1973 to 2000</i> (PP 1794-A)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1794A7","collaboration":"This publication is Chapter 7 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>, which is Volume A in <i>Status and trends of land change in the United States--1973 to 2000</i>, PP 1794.  Volume A consists of 30 chapters. For access to other chapters, please visit <a href=\"http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1794A\" target=\"_blank\">PP 1794-A</a>.","usgsCitation":"Taylor, J., 2012, Northern Rockies Ecoregion: Chapter 7 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1794-A-7, Chapter 7: 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1794A7.","productDescription":"Chapter 7: 9 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"93","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263851,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1794_A_7.jpg"},{"id":263848,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/"},{"id":263849,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/chapters/pp1794a_chapter07.pdf"},{"id":263850,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/chapters/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho;Montana;Washington","otherGeospatial":"Rockies","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.0,43.0 ], [ -120.0,49.0 ], [ -109.0,49.0 ], [ -109.0,43.0 ], [ -120.0,43.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c31e69e4b0b57f2415d202","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, Janis L. 0000-0002-9418-5215","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9418-5215","contributorId":33409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Janis L.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":469926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70041063,"text":"70041063 - 2012 - Bioenergetics model for estimating food requirements of female Pacific walruses (<i>Odobenus rosmarus divergens</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-20T20:04:51","indexId":"70041063","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bioenergetics model for estimating food requirements of female Pacific walruses (<i>Odobenus rosmarus divergens</i>)","docAbstract":"Pacific walruses Odobenus rosmarus divergens use sea ice as a platform for resting, nursing, and accessing extensive benthic foraging grounds. The extent of summer sea ice in the Chukchi Sea has decreased substantially in recent decades, causing walruses to alter habitat use and activity patterns which could affect their energy requirements. We developed a bioenergetics model to estimate caloric demand of female walruses, accounting for maintenance, growth, activity (active in-water and hauled-out resting), molt, and reproductive costs. Estimates for non-reproductive females 0–12 yr old (65−810 kg) ranged from 16359 to 68960 kcal d<sup>−1</sup> (74−257 kcal d<sup>−1</sup> kg<sup>−1</sup>) for years with readily available sea ice for which we assumed animals spent 83% of their time in water. This translated into the energy content of 3200–5960 clams per day, equivalent to 7–8% and 14–9% of body mass per day for 5–12 and 2–4 yr olds, respectively. Estimated consumption rates of 12 yr old females were minimally affected by pregnancy, but lactation had a large impact, increasing consumption rates to 15% of body mass per day. Increasing the proportion of time in water to 93%, as might happen if walruses were required to spend more time foraging during ice-free periods, increased daily caloric demand by 6–7% for non-lactating females. We provide the first bioenergetics-based estimates of energy requirements for walruses and a first step towards establishing bioenergetic linkages between demography and prey requirements that can ultimately be used in predicting this population’s response to environmental change.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","publisherLocation":"Oldendorf/Luhe, Germany","doi":"10.3354/meps09706","usgsCitation":"Noren, S., Udevitz, M.S., and Jay, C., 2012, Bioenergetics model for estimating food requirements of female Pacific walruses (<i>Odobenus rosmarus divergens</i>): Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 460, p. 261-275, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09706.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"261","endPage":"275","ipdsId":"IP-036187","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474253,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09706","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":263526,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263525,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps09706"}],"volume":"460","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d89a7ce4b0af4069e415c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Noren, S.R.","contributorId":78218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noren","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Udevitz, Mark S. 0000-0003-4659-138X mudevitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4659-138X","contributorId":3189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Udevitz","given":"Mark","email":"mudevitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jay, C.V. 0000-0002-9559-2189","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9559-2189","contributorId":67827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jay","given":"C.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70041260,"text":"70041260 - 2012 - Toxicity of waters from the St. Lawrence River at Massena Area-of-Concern to the plankton species <i>Selenastrum capricornutum</i> and <i>Ceriodaphnia dubia</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-01T16:55:20","indexId":"70041260","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toxicity of waters from the St. Lawrence River at Massena Area-of-Concern to the plankton species <i>Selenastrum capricornutum</i> and <i>Ceriodaphnia dubia</i>","docAbstract":"In 1972, the US and Canada committed to restore the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the Great Lakes Ecosystem under the first Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement. During subsequent amendments, part of the St. Lawrence River at Massena NY, and segments of three tributaries, were designated as one Area of Concern (AOC) due to various beneficial use impairments (BUIs). Plankton beneficial use was designated impaired within this AOC because phytoplankton and zooplankton population data were unavailable or needed “further assessment”. Contaminated sediments from industrial waste disposal have been largely remediated, thus, the plankton BUI may currently be obsolete. The St. Lawrence River at Massena AOC remedial action plan established two criteria which may be used to assess the plankton BUI; the second states that, “in the absence of community structure data, plankton bioassays confirm no toxicity impact in ambient waters”. This study was implemented during 2011 to determine whether this criterion was achieved. Acute toxicity and chronic toxicity of local waters were quantified seasonally using standardized bioassays with green alga <i>Selenastrum capricornutum</i> and water flea <i>Ceriodaphnia dubia</i> to test the hypothesis that waters from sites within the AOC were no more toxic than were waters from adjacent reference sites. The results of univariate and multivariate analyses confirm that ambient waters from most AOC sites (and seasons) were not toxic to both species. Assuming both test species represent natural plankton assemblages, the quality of surface waters throughout most of this AOC should not seriously impair the health of resident plankton communities.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Great Lakes Research","publisherLocation":"Ann Arbor, MI","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2012.09.008","usgsCitation":"Baldigo, B.P., Duffy, B.T., Nally, C.J., and David, A.M., 2012, Toxicity of waters from the St. Lawrence River at Massena Area-of-Concern to the plankton species <i>Selenastrum capricornutum</i> and <i>Ceriodaphnia dubia</i>: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 38, no. 4, p. 812-820, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2012.09.008.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"812","endPage":"820","ipdsId":"IP-035122","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263543,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263542,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2012.09.008"}],"country":"Canada;United States","state":"New York","city":"Massena","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes;St. Lawrence River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.0,42.0 ], [ -80.0,47.0 ], [ -70.0,47.0 ], [ -70.0,42.0 ], [ -80.0,42.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"38","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e553e3e4b0a4aa5bb0221f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baldigo, Barry P. 0000-0002-9862-9119 bbaldigo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9862-9119","contributorId":1234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldigo","given":"Barry","email":"bbaldigo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duffy, Brian T.","contributorId":6352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duffy","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nally, Christopher J.","contributorId":24254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nally","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"David, Anthony M.","contributorId":36032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"David","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70041044,"text":"70041044 - 2012 - Effects of sea ice on winter site fidelity of Pacific common eiders (<i>Somateria mollissima v-nigrum</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-15T10:46:33","indexId":"70041044","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of sea ice on winter site fidelity of Pacific common eiders (<i>Somateria mollissima v-nigrum</i>)","docAbstract":"In northern marine habitats, the presence or absence of sea ice results in variability in the distribution of many species and the quality and availability of pelagic winter habitat. To understand the effects of ice on intra- and inter-annual winter site fidelity and movements in a northern sea-duck species, we marked 25 adult Pacific Common Eiders (<i>Somateria mollissima v-nigrum</i>) on their nesting area at Cape Espenberg, Alaska, with satellite transmitters and monitored their movements to their wintering areas in the northern Bering Sea for a 2-year period. We examined changes in winter fidelity in relation to home-range characteristics and ice. Characteristics of polynyas (areas with persistent open water during winter) varied substantially and likely had an effect on the size of winter ranges and movements within polynyas. Movements within polynyas were correlated with changes in weather that affected ice conditions. Ninety-five percent of individuals were found within their 95% utilization distribution (UD) of the previous year, and 90% were found within their 50% UD. Spatial distributions of winter locations between years changed for 32% of the individuals; however, we do not consider these subtle movements biologically significant. Although ice conditions varied between polynyas within and between years, the Common Eiders monitored in our study showed a high degree of fidelity to their winter areas. This observation is counterintuitive, given the requirement that resources are predictable for site fidelity to occur; however, ice may not have been severe enough to restrict access to other resources and, subsequently, force birds to move.","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1525/auk.2012.11256","usgsCitation":"Petersen, M.R., Douglas, D.C., Wilson, H.M., and McCloskey, S.E., 2012, Effects of sea ice on winter site fidelity of Pacific common eiders (<i>Somateria mollissima v-nigrum</i>): The Auk, v. 129, no. 3, p. 399-408, https://doi.org/10.1525/auk.2012.11256.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"399","endPage":"408","ipdsId":"IP-036886","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474250,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1525/auk.2012.11256","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":263553,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Cape Espenberg","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.5,51.2 ], [ 172.5,71.4 ], [ -130.0,71.4 ], [ -130.0,51.2 ], [ 172.5,51.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"129","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50db4a98e4b0612706009f1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petersen, Margaret R. 0000-0001-6082-3189 mrpetersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6082-3189","contributorId":167729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Margaret","email":"mrpetersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":2388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, Heather M.","contributorId":37056,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilson","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13236,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Migratory Bird Management","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":469247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCloskey, Sarah E. smccloskey@usgs.gov","contributorId":22649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCloskey","given":"Sarah","email":"smccloskey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70041039,"text":"70041039 - 2012 - Behavioral vs. molecular sources of conflict between nuclear and mitochondrial DNA: The role of male-biased dispersal in a Holarctic sea duck","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-14T13:50:12","indexId":"70041039","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2774,"text":"Molecular Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Behavioral vs. molecular sources of conflict between nuclear and mitochondrial DNA: The role of male-biased dispersal in a Holarctic sea duck","docAbstract":"Genetic studies of waterfowl (Anatidae) have observed the full spectrum of mitochondrial (mt) DNA population divergence, from apparent panmixia to deep, reciprocally monophyletic lineages. Yet, these studies often found weak or no nuclear (nu) DNA structure, which was often attributed to male-biased gene flow, a common behaviour within this family. An alternative explanation for this ‘conflict’ is that the smaller effective population size and faster sorting rate of mtDNA relative to nuDNA lead to different signals of population structure. We tested these alternatives by sequencing 12 nuDNA introns for a Holarctic pair of waterfowl subspecies, the European goosander (<i>Mergus merganser merganser</i>) and the North American common merganser (<i>M. m. americanus</i>), which exhibit strong population structure in mtDNA. We inferred effective population sizes, gene flow and divergence times from published mtDNA sequences and simulated expected differentiation for nuDNA based on those histories. Between Europe and North America, nuDNA Ф<sub><i>ST</i></sub> was 3.4-fold lower than mtDNA Ф<sub><i>ST</i></sub>, a result consistent with differences in sorting rates. However, despite geographically structured and monophyletic mtDNA lineages within continents, nuDNA Ф<sub><i>ST</i></sub> values were generally zero and significantly lower than predicted. This between- and within-continent contrast held when comparing mtDNA and nuDNA among published studies of ducks. Thus, male-mediated gene flow is a better explanation than slower sorting rates for limited nuDNA differentiation within continents, which is also supported by nonmolecular data. This study illustrates the value of quantitatively testing discrepancies between mtDNA and nuDNA to reject the null hypothesis that conflict simply reflects different sorting rates.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Molecular Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-294X.2012.05612.x","usgsCitation":"Peters, J.L., Bolender, K.A., and Pearce, J.M., 2012, Behavioral vs. molecular sources of conflict between nuclear and mitochondrial DNA: The role of male-biased dispersal in a Holarctic sea duck: Molecular Ecology, v. 21, no. 14, p. 3562-3575, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2012.05612.x.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"3562","endPage":"3575","ipdsId":"IP-036527","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263524,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263519,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2012.05612.x"}],"volume":"21","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-05-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d88991e4b0af4069e40c3e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peters, Jeffrey L.","contributorId":34402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bolender, Kimberly A.","contributorId":62492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bolender","given":"Kimberly","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pearce, John M. 0000-0002-8503-5485 jpearce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8503-5485","contributorId":181766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearce","given":"John","email":"jpearce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70041141,"text":"ofr20121245 - 2012 - Linking physical monitoring to coho and Chinook salmon populations in the Redwood Creek Watershed, California—Summary of May 3–4, 2012 Workshop","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T14:40:08","indexId":"ofr20121245","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1245","title":"Linking physical monitoring to coho and Chinook salmon populations in the Redwood Creek Watershed, California—Summary of May 3–4, 2012 Workshop","docAbstract":"On Thursday, May 3, 2012, a science workshop was held at the Redwood National and State Parks (RNSP) office in Arcata, California, with researchers and resource managers working in RNSP to share data and expert opinions concerning salmon populations and habitat in the Redwood Creek watershed. The focus of the workshop was to discuss how best to synthesize physical and biological data related to the freshwater and estuarine phases of salmon life cycles in order to increase the understanding of constraints on salmon populations. The workshop was hosted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Status and Trends (S&T) Program National Park Monitoring Project (<a href=\"http://www.fort.usgs.gov/brdscience/ParkMonitoring.htm\" target=\"_blank\">http://www.fort.usgs.gov/brdscience/ParkMonitoring.htm</a>), which supports USGS research on priority topics (themes) identified by the National Park Service (NPS) Inventory and Monitoring Program (I&M) and S&T. The NPS has organized more than 270 parks with significant natural resources into 32 Inventory and Monitoring (I&M) Networks (<a href=\"http://science.nature.nps.gov/im/networks.cfm\" target=\"_blank\">http://science.nature.nps.gov/im/networks.cfm</a>) that share funding and core professional staff to monitor the status and long-term trends of selected natural resources (<a href=\"http://science.nature.nps.gov/im/monitor\" target=\"_blank\">http://science.nature.nps.gov/im/monitor</a>). All 32 networks have completed vital signs monitoring plans (available at <a href=\"http://science.nature.nps.gov/im/monitor/MonitoringPlans.cfm\" target=\"_blank\">http://science.nature.nps.gov/im/monitor/MonitoringPlans.cfm</a>), containing background information on the important resources of each park, conceptual models behind the selection of vital signs for monitoring the condition of natural resources, and the selection of high priority vital signs for monitoring. Vital signs are particular physical, chemical, and biological elements and processes of park ecosystems that represent the overall health or condition of the park, known or hypothesized effects of stressors, or elements that have important human values (Fancy and others, 2009). Beginning in 2009, the I&M program funded projects to analyze and synthesize the biotic and abiotic data generated by vital signs monitoring and previous in-park natural resource monitoring and inventories to provide useful information, models, and tools to park managers for addressing resource management issues. The workshop described in this report is an element of the project funded by USGS NPS-I&M program to conduct a synthesis of salmon-related datasets in the Klamath (KLMN) and San Francisco Bay Area (SFAN) networks of national parks. The synthesis focused on four park units: Redwood National Park (KLMN), Point Reyes National Seashore, Muir Woods National Monument, and Golden Gate National Recreation Area (SFAN).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121245","usgsCitation":"Madej, M.A., Torregrosa, A.A., and Woodward, A., 2012, Linking physical monitoring to coho and Chinook salmon populations in the Redwood Creek Watershed, California—Summary of May 3–4, 2012 Workshop: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1245, iv, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121245.","productDescription":"iv, 24 p.","numberOfPages":"32","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263490,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1245.jpg"},{"id":263488,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1245/"},{"id":263489,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1245/pdf/ofr20121245.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Arcata;Orick","otherGeospatial":"Olema Creek;Redwood National And State Parks","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.16,41.0 ], [ -124.16,41.84 ], [ -123.85,41.84 ], [ -123.85,41.0 ], [ -124.16,41.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50df8f40e4b0dfbe79e6d863","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madej, Mary Ann 0000-0003-2831-3773 mary_ann_madej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2831-3773","contributorId":40304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madej","given":"Mary","email":"mary_ann_madej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Torregrosa, Alicia A. 0000-0001-7361-2241 atorregrosa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7361-2241","contributorId":3471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torregrosa","given":"Alicia","email":"atorregrosa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Woodward, Andrea 0000-0003-0604-9115 awoodward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0604-9115","contributorId":3028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodward","given":"Andrea","email":"awoodward@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70041101,"text":"sim3223 - 2012 - Under trees and water at Crater Lake National Park, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-30T13:27:19","indexId":"sim3223","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3223","title":"Under trees and water at Crater Lake National Park, Oregon","docAbstract":"Crater Lake partially fills the caldera that formed approximately 7,700 years ago during the eruption of a 12,000-ft-high volcano known as Mount Mazama. The caldera-forming, or climactic, eruption of Mount Mazama devastated the surrounding landscape, left a thick deposit of pumice and ash in adjacent valleys, and spread a blanket of volcanic ash as far away as southern Canada. Prior to the climactic event, Mount Mazama had a 400,000-year history of volcanic activity similar to other large Cascade volcanoes such as Mounts Shasta, Hood, and Rainier. Since the caldera formed, many smaller, less violent eruptions occurred at volcanic vents below Crater Lake's surface, including Wizard Island. A survey of Crater Lake National Park with airborne LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) resulted in a digital elevation map of the ground surface beneath the forest canopy. The average resolution is 1.6 laser returns per square meter yielding vertical and horizontal accuracies of &plusmn;5 cm. The map of the floor beneath the surface of the 1,947-ft-deep (593-m-deep) Crater Lake was developed from a multibeam sonar bathymetric survey and was added to the map to provide a continuous view of the landscape from the highest peak on Mount Scott to the deepest part of Crater Lake. Four enlarged shaded-relief views provide a sampling of features that illustrate the resolution of the LiDAR survey and illustrate its utility in revealing volcanic landforms and subtle features of the climactic eruption deposits. LiDAR's high precision and ability to \"see\" through the forest canopy reveal features that may not be easily recognized-even when walked over-because their full extent is hidden by vegetation, such as the 1-m-tall arcuate scarp near Castle Creek.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3223","usgsCitation":"Robinson, J., Bacon, C.R., and Wayne, C., 2012, Under trees and water at Crater Lake National Park, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3223, 1 Map sheet: 38.50 x 27.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3223.","productDescription":"1 Map sheet: 38.50 x 27.00 inches","numberOfPages":"1","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":619,"text":"Volcano Science Center-Menlo Park","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263475,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3223.gif"},{"id":263474,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-72/"},{"id":263471,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3223/"},{"id":263472,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3223/sim3223.pdf"},{"id":263473,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/716/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Crater Lake National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.3,42.77 ], [ -122.3,43.09 ], [ -121.97,43.09 ], [ -121.97,42.77 ], [ -122.3,42.77 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e55d18e4b0a4aa5bb03915","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, Joel E. 0000-0002-5193-3666 jrobins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5193-3666","contributorId":2757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Joel E.","email":"jrobins@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bacon, Charles R. 0000-0002-2165-5618 cbacon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2165-5618","contributorId":2909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"Charles","email":"cbacon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wayne, Chris","contributorId":39266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wayne","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70041128,"text":"ofr20121227 - 2012 - Hydrostratigraphic interpretation of test-hole and surface geophysical data, Elkhorn and Loup River Basins, Nebraska, 2008 to 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-29T14:36:20","indexId":"ofr20121227","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1227","title":"Hydrostratigraphic interpretation of test-hole and surface geophysical data, Elkhorn and Loup River Basins, Nebraska, 2008 to 2011","docAbstract":"The Elkhorn-Loup Model (ELM) was begun in 2006 to understand the effect of various groundwater-management scenarios on surface-water resources. During phase one of the ELM study, a lack of subsurface geological information was identified as a data gap. Test holes drilled to the base of the aquifer in the ELM study area are spaced as much as 25 miles apart, especially in areas of the western Sand Hills. Given the variable character of the hydrostratigraphic units that compose the High Plains aquifer system, substantial variation in aquifer thickness and characteristics can exist between test holes. To improve the hydrogeologic understanding of the ELM study area, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Nebraska Department of Natural Resources, multiple Natural Resources Districts participating in the ELM study, and the University of Nebraska-Lincoln Conservation and Survey Division, described the subsurface lithology at six test holes drilled in 2010 and concurrently collected borehole geophysical data to identify the base of the High Plains aquifer system. A total of 124 time-domain electromagnetic (TDEM) soundings of resistivity were collected at and between selected test-hole locations during 2008-11 as a quick, non-invasive means of identifying the base of the High Plains aquifer system. Test-hole drilling and geophysical logging indicated the base-of-aquifer elevation was less variable in the central ELM area than in previously reported results from the western part of the ELM study area, where deeper paleochannels were eroded into the Brule Formation. In total, more than 435 test holes were examined and compared with the modeled-TDEM soundings. Even where present, individual stratigraphic units could not always be identified in modeled-TDEM sounding results if sufficient resistivity contrast was not evident; however, in general, the base of aquifer [top of the aquifer confining unit (ACU)] is one of the best-resolved results from the TDEM-based models, and estimates of the base-of-aquifer elevation are in good accordance with those from existing test-hole data. Differences between ACU elevations based on modeled-TDEM and test-hole data ranged from 2 to 113 feet (0.6 to 34 meters). The modeled resistivity results reflect the eastward thinning of Miocene-age and older stratigraphic units, and generally allowed confident identification of the accompanying change in the stratigraphic unit forming the ACU. The differences in elevation of the top of the Ogallala, estimated on the basis of the modeled-TDEM resistivity, and the test-hole data ranged from 11 to 251 feet (3.4 to 77 meters), with two-thirds of model results being within 60 feet of the test-hole contact elevation. The modeled-TDEM soundings also provided information regarding the distribution of Plio-Pleistocene gravel deposits, which had an average thickness of 100 feet (30 meters) in the study area; however, in many cases the contact between the Plio-Pleistocene deposits and the overlying Quaternary deposits cannot be reliably distinguished using TDEM soundings alone because of insufficient thickness or resistivity contrast.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121227","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Nebraska Department of Natural Resources; and the Upper Elkhorn, Lower Elkhorn, Upper Loup, Lower Loup, Middle Niobrara, Lower Niobrara, Lewis and Clark, and Lower Platte North Natural Resources Districts; and the University of Nebraska-Lincoln Conservation and Survey Division","usgsCitation":"Hobza, C.M., Bedrosian, P.A., and Bloss, B., 2012, Hydrostratigraphic interpretation of test-hole and surface geophysical data, Elkhorn and Loup River Basins, Nebraska, 2008 to 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1227, Report: x, 95 p.; Supplemental Data, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121227.","productDescription":"Report: x, 95 p.; Supplemental Data","numberOfPages":"110","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-037355","costCenters":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263482,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1227.gif"},{"id":263481,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1227/downloads/Supplemental_Data.xlsx"},{"id":263478,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1227/"},{"id":263479,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1227/of2012-1227.pdf"}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Elkhorn And Loup River Basins","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -102.5,40.0 ], [ -102.5,43.0 ], [ -97.0,43.0 ], [ -97.0,40.0 ], [ -102.5,40.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50df06b5e4b0dfbe79e687ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hobza, Christopher M. 0000-0002-6239-934X cmhobza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6239-934X","contributorId":2393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hobza","given":"Christopher","email":"cmhobza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bedrosian, Paul A. 0000-0002-6786-1038 pbedrosian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6786-1038","contributorId":839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bedrosian","given":"Paul","email":"pbedrosian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bloss, Benjamin R.","contributorId":19446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bloss","given":"Benjamin R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70040996,"text":"fs20123112 - 2012 - Slope-Area Computation Program Graphical User Interface 1.0—A Preprocessing and Postprocessing Tool for Estimating Peak Flood Discharge Using the Slope-Area Method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-28T10:18:37","indexId":"fs20123112","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-3112","title":"Slope-Area Computation Program Graphical User Interface 1.0—A Preprocessing and Postprocessing Tool for Estimating Peak Flood Discharge Using the Slope-Area Method","docAbstract":"The slope-area method is a technique for estimating the peak discharge of a flood after the water has receded (Dalrymple and Benson, 1967). This type of discharge estimate is called an “indirect measurement” because it relies on evidence left behind by the flood, such as high-water marks (HWMs) on trees or buildings. These indicators of flood stage are combined with measurements of the cross-sectional geometry of the stream, estimates of channel roughness, and a mathematical model that balances the total energy of the flow between cross sections. This is in contrast to a “direct” measurement of discharge during the flood where cross-sectional area is measured and a current meter or acoustic equipment is used to measure the water velocity. When a direct discharge measurement cannot be made at a gage during high flows because of logistics or safety reasons, an indirect measurement of a peak discharge is useful for defining the high-flow section of the stage-discharge relation (rating curve) at the stream gage, resulting in more accurate computation of high flows. The Slope-Area Computation program (SAC; Fulford, 1994) is an implementation of the slope-area method that computes a peak-discharge estimate from inputs of water-surface slope (from surveyed HWMs), channel geometry, and estimated channel roughness. SAC is a command line program written in Fortran that reads input data from a formatted text file and prints results to another formatted text file. Preparing the input file can be time-consuming and prone to errors. This document describes the SAC graphical user interface (GUI), a crossplatform “wrapper” application that prepares the SAC input file, executes the program, and helps the user interpret the output. The SAC GUI is an update and enhancement of the slope-area method (SAM; Hortness, 2004; Berenbrock, 1996), an earlier spreadsheet tool used to aid field personnel in the completion of a slope-area measurement. The SAC GUI reads survey data, develops a plan-view plot, water-surface profile, cross-section plots, and develops the SAC input file. The SAC GUI also develops HEC-2 files that can be imported into HEC–RAS.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20123112","usgsCitation":"Bradley, D.N., 2012, Slope-Area Computation Program Graphical User Interface 1.0—A Preprocessing and Postprocessing Tool for Estimating Peak Flood Discharge Using the Slope-Area Method: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2012-3112, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20123112.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":306,"text":"Geology Research and Information","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263443,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2012_3112.gif"},{"id":263442,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3112/fs2012-3112.pdf"},{"id":263441,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3112/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4c921e4b0e8fec6ce1663","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, D. Nathan","contributorId":79776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Nathan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70040995,"text":"ofr20121236 - 2012 - Temporal and spatial trends of chloride and sodium in groundwater in New Hampshire, 1960–2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-10T15:54:18","indexId":"ofr20121236","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1236","title":"Temporal and spatial trends of chloride and sodium in groundwater in New Hampshire, 1960–2011","docAbstract":"<p>Data on concentrations of chloride and sodium in groundwater in New Hampshire were assembled from various State and Federal agencies and organized into a database. This report provides documentation of many assumptions and limitations of disparate data that were collected to meet wide-ranging objectives and investigates temporal and spatial trends of the data. Data summaries presented in this report and analyses performed for this study needed to take into account the 27 percent of chloride and 5 percent of sodium data that were censored (less than a reporting limit) at multiple reporting limits that systematically decreased over time. Throughout New Hampshire, median concentrations of chloride were significantly greater during 2000-2011 than in every decade since the 1970s, and median concentrations of sodium were significantly greater during 2000-2011 than during the 1990s. Results of summary statistics showed that the 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles of the median concentrations of chloride and sodium by source (well) from Rockingham and Strafford counties were the highest in the State; and the 75th and 90th percentiles from Carroll, Coos, and Grafton counties were the lowest. Large increases in median concentrations of chloride and sodium for individual wells after 1995 compared with concentrations for years before were found in parts of Belknap and Rockingham counties and in small clusters within Carroll, Hillsborough, and Merrimack counties.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121236","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services","usgsCitation":"Medalie, L., 2012, Temporal and spatial trends of chloride and sodium in groundwater in New Hampshire, 1960–2011: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1236, v, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121236.","productDescription":"v, 25 p.","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263435,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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,{"id":70040738,"text":"70040738 - 2012 - Expanded stream gauging includes groundwater data and trends","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-18T14:46:11","indexId":"70040738","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Expanded stream gauging includes groundwater data and trends","docAbstract":"Population growth has increased water scarcity to the point that documenting current amounts of worldwide water resources is now as critical as any data collection in the Earth sciences. As a key element of this data collection, stream gauges yield continuous hydrologic information and document long-term trends, recording high-frequency hydrologic information over decadal to centennial time frames.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2012EO480002","usgsCitation":"Constantz, J., Barlow, J.R., Eddy-Miller, C., Caldwell, R.R., and Wheeler, J.D., 2012, Expanded stream gauging includes groundwater data and trends: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 93, no. 48, p. 497-497, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012EO480002.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"497","endPage":"497","ipdsId":"IP-038889","costCenters":[{"id":441,"text":"National Research Program Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263445,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263444,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012EO480002"}],"volume":"93","issue":"48","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-11-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50dcb6cbe4b0d55926e3f32b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Constantz, James E. 0000-0002-4062-2096 jconstan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4062-2096","contributorId":1962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Constantz","given":"James E.","email":"jconstan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barlow, Jeannie R. B. 0000-0002-0799-4656 jbarlow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0799-4656","contributorId":3701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barlow","given":"Jeannie","email":"jbarlow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R. B.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":394,"text":"Mississippi Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eddy-Miller, Cheryl","contributorId":55305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eddy-Miller","given":"Cheryl","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Caldwell, Rodney R. 0000-0002-2588-715X caldwell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2588-715X","contributorId":2577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"Rodney","email":"caldwell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wheeler, Jerrod D. 0000-0002-0533-8700 jwheele@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0533-8700","contributorId":1893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wheeler","given":"Jerrod","email":"jwheele@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70048348,"text":"70048348 - 2012 - Application of empirical predictive modeling using conventional and alternative fecal indicator bacteria in eastern North Carolina waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-30T13:30:53","indexId":"70048348","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-27T11:41:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3716,"text":"Water Research","onlineIssn":"1879-2448","printIssn":"0043-1354","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of empirical predictive modeling using conventional and alternative fecal indicator bacteria in eastern North Carolina waters","docAbstract":"Coastal and estuarine waters are the site of intense anthropogenic influence with concomitant use for recreation and seafood harvesting. Therefore, coastal and estuarine water quality has a direct impact on human health. In eastern North Carolina (NC) there are over 240 recreational and 1025 shellfish harvesting water quality monitoring sites that are regularly assessed. Because of the large number of sites, sampling frequency is often only on a weekly basis. This frequency, along with an 18–24 h incubation time for fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) enumeration via culture-based methods, reduces the efficiency of the public notification process. In states like NC where beach monitoring resources are limited but historical data are plentiful, predictive models may offer an improvement for monitoring and notification by providing real-time FIB estimates. In this study, water samples were collected during 12 dry (n = 88) and 13 wet (n = 66) weather events at up to 10 sites. Statistical predictive models for Escherichiacoli (EC), enterococci (ENT), and members of the Bacteroidales group were created and subsequently validated. Our results showed that models for EC and ENT (adjusted R2 were 0.61 and 0.64, respectively) incorporated a range of antecedent rainfall, climate, and environmental variables. The most important variables for EC and ENT models were 5-day antecedent rainfall, dissolved oxygen, and salinity. These models successfully predicted FIB levels over a wide range of conditions with a 3% (EC model) and 9% (ENT model) overall error rate for recreational threshold values and a 0% (EC model) overall error rate for shellfish threshold values. Though modeling of members of the Bacteroidales group had less predictive ability (adjusted R<sup>2</sup> were 0.56 and 0.53 for fecal Bacteroides spp. and human Bacteroides spp., respectively), the modeling approach and testing provided information on Bacteroidales ecology. This is the first example of a set of successful statistical predictive models appropriate for assessment of both recreational and shellfish harvesting water quality in estuarine waters.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2012.07.050","usgsCitation":"Gonzalez, R., Conn, K., Crosswell, J., and Noble, R., 2012, Application of empirical predictive modeling using conventional and alternative fecal indicator bacteria in eastern North Carolina waters: Water Research, v. 46, no. 18, p. 5871-5882, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2012.07.050.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"5871","endPage":"5882","ipdsId":"IP-036574","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278005,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278004,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2012.07.050"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.709756,34.769892 ], [ -76.709756,34.78618 ], [ -76.669006,34.78618 ], [ -76.669006,34.769892 ], [ -76.709756,34.769892 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"46","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"524162e2e4b0ec672f073ad1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gonzalez, Raul","contributorId":17131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gonzalez","given":"Raul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conn, Kathleen E. 0000-0002-2334-6536 kconn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2334-6536","contributorId":3923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conn","given":"Kathleen E.","email":"kconn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crosswell, Joey","contributorId":75437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crosswell","given":"Joey","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Noble, Rachel","contributorId":82212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noble","given":"Rachel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70041092,"text":"70041092 - 2012 - Elevated streamflows increase dam passage by juvenile coho salmon during winter: Implications of climate change in the Pacific Northwest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-29T15:54:57","indexId":"70041092","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Elevated streamflows increase dam passage by juvenile coho salmon during winter: Implications of climate change in the Pacific Northwest","docAbstract":"A 4-year evaluation was conducted to determine the proportion of juvenile coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch passing Cowlitz Falls Dam, on the Cowlitz River, Washington, during winter. River and reservoir populations of coho salmon parr were monitored using radiotelemetry to determine if streamflow increases resulted in increased downstream movement and dam passage. This was of interest because fish that pass downstream of Cowlitz Falls Dam become landlocked in Riffe Lake and are lost to the anadromous population. Higher proportions of reservoir-released fish (0.391-0.480) passed Cowlitz Falls Dam than did river-released fish (0.037-0.119). Event-time analyses demonstrated that streamflow increases were important predictors of dam passage rates during the study. The estimated effect of increasing streamflows on the risk of dam passage varied annually and ranged from 9% to 75% for every 28.3 m<sup>3</sup>/s increase in streamflow. These results have current management implications because they demonstrate the significance of dam passage by juvenile coho salmon during winter months when juvenile fish collection facilities are typically not operating. The results also have future management implications because climate change predictions suggest that peak streamflow timing for many watersheds in the Pacific Northwest will shift from late spring and early summer to winter. Increased occurrence of intense winter flood events is also expected. Our results demonstrate that juvenile coho salmon respond readily to streamflow increases and initiate downstream movements during winter months, which could result in increased passage at dams during these periods if climate change predictions are realized in the coming decades.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA","doi":"10.1080/02755947.2012.720645","usgsCitation":"Kock, T.J., Liedtke, T.L., Rondorf, D.W., Serl, J.D., Kohn, M., and Bumbaco, K., 2012, Elevated streamflows increase dam passage by juvenile coho salmon during winter: Implications of climate change in the Pacific Northwest: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 32, no. 6, p. 1070-1079, https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2012.720645.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1070","endPage":"1079","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-037057","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489179,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/2506920","text":"External Repository"},{"id":263497,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263496,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2012.720645"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Cowlitz River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.5,46.0 ], [ -122.5,47.5 ], [ -121.5,47.5 ], [ -121.5,46.0 ], [ -122.5,46.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"32","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-10-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50db5c04e4b061270600aa3c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kock, Tobias J. 0000-0001-8976-0230 tkock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8976-0230","contributorId":3038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kock","given":"Tobias","email":"tkock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liedtke, Theresa L. 0000-0001-6063-9867 tliedtke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6063-9867","contributorId":2999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liedtke","given":"Theresa","email":"tliedtke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rondorf, Dennis W. drondorf@usgs.gov","contributorId":2970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rondorf","given":"Dennis","email":"drondorf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Serl, John D.","contributorId":15911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Serl","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kohn, Mike","contributorId":50064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kohn","given":"Mike","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bumbaco, Karin A.","contributorId":94187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bumbaco","given":"Karin A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
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