Trout and char (hereafter, trout ) represent some of the more culturally, economically and ecologically important taxa of freshwater fishes worldwide (Kershner, Williams, Gresswell, & Lobón‐Cerviá, 2019a). Native to all continents in the Northern Hemisphere (as well as western Mediterranean Africa), trout belong to seven genera (Oncorhynchus , Salvelinus, Salmo , Hucho, Parahucho, Brachymystax and Salvethymus ), which are distributed across more than 60 countries (Muhlfeld et al., 2019). Despite their broad importance as indicators of biodiversity in cold‐water ecosystems (Haak & Williams, 2013), as well as cultural icons for food and recreation, nearly half of the world's recognised trout species (IUCN, 2018) are imperilled or at risk of global extinction (Muhlfeld et al., 2018, 2019). The root causes of their vulnerability include broad‐scale alteration of landscapes and watersheds, dams, overharvest, pollution, interactions with hatchery‐bred conspecifics and non‐native species. However, emerging threats such as climate change and related problems such as the spread of diseases and parasites pose significant challenges and uncertainties to native trout and their habitats (Kovach et al., 2016; Muhlfeld et al., 2018). Ultimately, conservation of native trout depends on understanding their diversity, a willingness to address threats at their root causes and implementing progressive conservation solutions that promote persistence of these iconic species in the face of growing human pressures.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/eff.12538","usgsCitation":"Dauwalter, D.C., Duchi, A., Epifanio, J., Gandolfi, A., Gresswell, R.E., Juanes, F., Kershner, J.L., Lobon-Cervia, J., McGinnity, P., Meraner, A., Mikheev, P., Morita, K., Muhlfeld, C.C., Pinter, K., Post, J., Unfer, G., Vøllestad, L., and Williams, J.E., 2020, A call for global action to conserve native trout in the 21st century and beyond: Ecology of Freshwater Fish, v. 29, no. 3, p. 429-432, https://doi.org/10.1111/eff.12538.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"429","endPage":"432","ipdsId":"IP-111833","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374994,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-02-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dauwalter, Daniel C.","contributorId":69879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dauwalter","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duchi, Antonino","contributorId":224805,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duchi","given":"Antonino","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Epifanio, John","contributorId":139202,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Epifanio","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gandolfi, A.J.","contributorId":58843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gandolfi","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gresswell, Robert E. 0000-0003-0063-855X bgresswell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0063-855X","contributorId":152031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gresswell","given":"Robert","email":"bgresswell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":789606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Juanes, Francis","contributorId":224807,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Juanes","given":"Francis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kershner, Jeffrey L. 0000-0002-7093-9860 jkershner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7093-9860","contributorId":310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kershner","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jkershner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":789608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lobon-Cervia, Javier","contributorId":69052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lobon-Cervia","given":"Javier","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"McGinnity, Philip","contributorId":224809,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McGinnity","given":"Philip","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Meraner, Andreas","contributorId":224810,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meraner","given":"Andreas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Mikheev, Pavel","contributorId":224811,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mikheev","given":"Pavel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Morita, Kentaro","contributorId":224812,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morita","given":"Kentaro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Muhlfeld, Clint C. 0000-0002-4599-4059 cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4599-4059","contributorId":924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhlfeld","given":"Clint","email":"cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":789614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Pinter, Kurt","contributorId":224813,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pinter","given":"Kurt","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Post, John","contributorId":224814,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Post","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Unfer, Gunther","contributorId":224815,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Unfer","given":"Gunther","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Vøllestad, Leif Asbjørn","contributorId":224828,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vøllestad","given":"Leif Asbjørn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Williams, Jack E.","contributorId":93774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Jack","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18}]}} ,{"id":70208833,"text":"70208833 - 2020 - Broad-scale impacts of an invasive native predator on a sensitive native prey species within the shifting avian community of the North American Great Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-03T08:16:45","indexId":"70208833","displayToPublicDate":"2020-02-21T08:12:51","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Broad-scale impacts of an invasive native predator on a sensitive native prey species within the shifting avian community of the North American Great Basin","docAbstract":"Human enterprise has modified ecosystem processes through direct and indirect alteration of native predators’ distribution and abundance. For example, human activities subsidize food, water, and shelter availability to generalist predators whose subsequent increased abundance impacts lower trophic-level prey species. The common raven (Corvus corax; hereafter, raven) is an avian predator, native to the northern hemisphere, that can become invasive when subsidized. Raven populations are increasing at unprecedented rates in many regions globally. Information regarding scale of impact and potential ecological thresholds is needed to guide conservation actions aimed at reducing adverse effects on sensitive prey. We conducted a multi-part analysis to investigate broad-scale variation in raven densities and impacts on nesting greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus), an indicator species for sagebrush ecosystems in western North America. We estimated raven densities using 16,000 point surveys over 10 years within the Great Basin, USA, and examined associations with anthropogenic and environmental covariates. Average density was 0.54 ravens km-2 (95% CI: 0.42–0.70), with higher densities at lower relative elevations comprising increased agriculture and development. We then used a reduced dataset to estimate the effect of raven density on sage-grouse nest survival (nests = 737). We identified negative impacts to nesting sage-grouse, especially where raven density exceeded ~ 0.40 km-2, a potential ecological threshold. We mapped regions where elevated raven densities were predicted to depress sage-grouse population growth in the absence of compensatory demographic responses from other sage-grouse life-history stages, and found ~ 64% of sage-grouse breeding areas were adversely impacted by high raven density.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108409","usgsCitation":"Coates, P.S., O'Neil, S., Brussee, B.E., Ricca, M.A., Jackson, P.J., Dinkins, J.B., Howe, K., Moser, A.M., Foster, L.J., and Delahunty, D.J., 2020, Broad-scale impacts of an invasive native predator on a sensitive native prey species within the shifting avian community of the North American Great Basin: Biological Conservation, v. 243, 108409, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108409.","productDescription":"108409, 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-112833","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437097,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9PULSDK","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"raventools v1.0"},{"id":437096,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9T5JT8N","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data maps of predicted raven density and areas of potential impact to nesting sage-grouse within sagebrush ecosystems of the North American Great Basin"},{"id":372833,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Great Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.26855468749999,\n 34.59704151614417\n ],\n [\n -113.90625,\n 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pcoates@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2672-9994","contributorId":3263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coates","given":"Peter","email":"pcoates@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":783548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O'Neil, Shawn","contributorId":222928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Neil","given":"Shawn","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":783549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brussee, Brianne E. 0000-0002-2452-7101 bbrussee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2452-7101","contributorId":4249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brussee","given":"Brianne","email":"bbrussee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research 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B.","contributorId":177565,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dinkins","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":783553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Howe, Kristy B.","contributorId":192078,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Howe","given":"Kristy B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":783554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Moser, Ann M.","contributorId":206592,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moser","given":"Ann","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":783555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Foster, Lee J.","contributorId":201654,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Foster","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36223,"text":"Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":783556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Delahunty, David J","contributorId":221820,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Delahunty","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":38154,"text":"Idaho State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":783557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70210545,"text":"70210545 - 2020 - Assessment of population genetics and climatic variability can refine climate‐informed seed transfer guidelines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-09T12:13:40.087852","indexId":"70210545","displayToPublicDate":"2020-02-21T07:11:44","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of population genetics and climatic variability can refine climate‐informed seed transfer guidelines","docAbstract":"Restoration guidelines increasingly recognize the importance of genetic attributes in translocating native plant materials (NPMs). However, when species‐specific genetic information is unavailable, seed transfer guidelines use climate‐informed seed transfer zones (CSTZs) as an approximation. While CSTZs may improve how NPMs are developed and/or matched to restoration sites, they overlook genetic factors that can diminish restoration success and/or deteriorate natural patterns of genetic diversity and environmental factors that may introduce unexpected variation. Here, we analyze molecular data and geographic patterns of environmental variability across the western United States and demonstrate how they can refine CSTZs. Using genetic data available for 13 relevant plant species, we found that the probability of mixing genetically differentiated individuals (i.e. from different evolutionary lineages, or populations) was approximately 8% when considering locations separated by 50 km and reached nearly 80% by 500 km, which are distances relevant to ecoregionally constrained CSTZs. Furthermore, climate analyses revealed that geographically proximate locations are likely to maintain environmental similarity, regardless of CSTZ or ecoregion assignment. These results suggest constraining CSTZ‐informed seed transfer decisions by distance may mitigate the opportunity for negative genetic outcomes. Furthermore, environmental variability and/or specificity of NPMs (depending upon the restoration strategy) should be achieved by sourcing NPMs from geographically proximate locations to avoid introducing excessive genetic differentiation. Our results highlight the utility of combining molecular genetic data with other genetic inferences (i.e. of adaptation) to determine how best to transfer seed across restoration species' ranges and develop new restoration materials.
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board, is evaluating several questions about oil and gas development and groundwater resources in California, including (1) the location of groundwater resources; (2) the proximity of oil and gas operations and groundwater and the geologic materials between them; (3) the location of evidence (or no evidence) of fluids from oil and gas sources in groundwater; and (4) the pathways or processes responsible when fluids from oil and gas sources are present in groundwater (U.S. Geological Survey, 2019). As part of this evaluation, the USGS installed a multiple-well monitoring site in the southern San Joaquin Valley near Lost Hills, California, adjacent to the Lost Hills oil field. Data collected at the Lost Hills multiple-well monitoring site (LHSP) provide information about the geology, hydrology, geophysics, and geochemistry of the aquifer system, thus enhancing understanding of relations between adjacent groundwater and the Lost Hills oil field in an area where there is little groundwater data. This report presents construction information for the LHSP and initial geohydrologic data collected from the site.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20191114","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Everett, R.R., Kjos, A., Brown, A.A., Gillespie, J.M., and McMahon, P.B., 2020, Multiple-well monitoring site adjacent to the Lost Hills oil field, Kern County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2019–1114, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191114.","productDescription":"8 p.","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-104714","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437100,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9LGXIN8","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Aquifer test data for multiple-well monitoring site LHSP, Kern County, California"},{"id":399418,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_109721.htm"},{"id":372427,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1114/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":372428,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1114/ofr20191114.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Kern County","otherGeospatial":"Lost Hills Oil Field","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.0167,\n 35.5294\n ],\n [\n -119.4833,\n 35.5294\n ],\n [\n -119.4833,\n 35.7667\n ],\n [\n -120.0167,\n 35.7667\n ],\n [\n -120.0167,\n 35.5294\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director,
California Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6000 J Street, Placer Hall
Sacramento, California 95819
As runoff flows over the land or impervious surfaces (paved streets, parking lots, and building roofs), it accumulates debris, chemicals, sediment, and other contaminants that can adversely affect water quality if the runoff discharge remains untreated. Pathogens, commonly measured using fecal indicator bacteria such as Escherichia coli, enterococci, or fecal coliform, are the most-frequent cause of water-quality impairment in rivers and streams in the United States. Rapid Creek originates in the western Black Hills area and flows east through Rapid City, South Dakota, to its mouth at the Cheyenne River. The water quality of Rapid Creek is important because the reach that flows through Rapid City is a valuable spawning area for a self-sustaining trout fishery, is actively used for recreation, and is a seasonal municipal water supply for the City of Rapid City. These uses (fishery, recreation, and water supply) are considered beneficial uses by the South Dakota Department of Environment and Natural Resources. Numerical criteria have been established for total suspended solids and Escherichia coli concentrations, among other water-quality constituents, for these beneficial uses. The objectives of this study were to improve the method by which fecal indicator bacteria and total suspended solids are quantified in the urban drainages within Rapid City and to provide information that helps identify origins of fecal indicator bacteria and total suspended solids. This information can be used in hydrologic models to estimate fecal indicator bacteria and total suspended solid loading from certain infrastructure elements in urban environments.
Stormwater samples analyzed for Escherichia coli, total suspended solids, specific conductance, and pH were collected in three drainage basin flowpaths within Rapid City: Jackson, Wildwood, and the Eco Prayer Park. Data-collection activities for this study focused on upgradient urban flowpath elements during rainfall events. This approach builds upon previous stormwater assessments that characterized the water quality in urban basin outlets near the downstream end of the stormwater flowpaths. Within each flowpath group, 4–6 sites were selected to represent the various infrastructure elements of the runoff process. These elements included roof downspouts, parking lots, street curbs and gutters, open channels, underground storm sewers, and stormwater ponds or best-management practice facilities.
In general, the concentrations of Escherichia coli and total suspended solids increased in the downstream direction for all flowpath sites. The wash-off process after the first flush is evident for total suspended solids and specific conductance; however, Escherichia coli concentrations did not necessarily follow the same pattern. Escherichia coli concentrations in the latter part of the runoff period were similar to or greater than the initial concentrations of the first set of samples. Stormwater-quality data were summarized by infrastructure type (roof downspout, parking lot, street curb, and channel/storm sewer) to provide information about approximate water-quality concentrations originating at the upper end of urban flowpaths. Escherichia coli and total suspended solid concentrations were lowest in samples collected from locations most isolated from human influence (roof downspouts); the median concentrations at these sites were 4 most probable number per 100 milliliters and 15 milligrams per liter, respectively. The delivery potential of fecal indicator bacteria and sediment from parking lots and street curbs was similar; median concentrations of Escherichia coli and total suspended solids were around 150–220 most probable number per 100 milliliters and 56–86 milligrams per liter, respectively. The downstream receiving channels and storm sewers where stormwater was aggregated typically contained the highest Escherichia coli concentrations (median was 1,800 most probable number per 100 milliliters), but the total suspended solid concentrations were similar to upstream elements in the flowpath (median was 69 milligrams per liter). The data collected from this study demonstrate that stormwater is contaminated with fecal indicator bacteria upon initial contact with impervious surfaces and highlight the importance of controlling the volume of stormwater discharges into receiving waterbodies via storage structures and pervious elements. Diluting stormwater with high concentrations of Escherichia coli with the receiving water’s (Rapid Creek) lower concentration of Escherichia coli is likely the primary mechanism for meeting the beneficial-use criterion threshold of 235 most probable number per 100 milliliters. Although total suspended solid concentrations in the upper parts of the basin (parking lots and street curbs) also begin at concentrations (56 to 86 milligrams per liter) above the beneficial-use criterion for Rapid Creek (53 milligrams per liter), current stormwater-control practices (storage ponds, swales, and wetlands) may be able to reduce suspended-sediment concentrations to meet this threshold.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20205004","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Rapid City","usgsCitation":"Hoogestraat, G.K., 2020, Stormwater quality of infrastructure elements in Rapid City, South Dakota, 2016–18: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2020–5004, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20205004.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 24 p.; Appendix; Dataset","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-108184","costCenters":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":399627,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_109723.htm"},{"id":372437,"rank":4,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"National Water Information System database","linkHelpText":"– USGS water data for the Nation"},{"id":372436,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5004/sir20205004_appendix1.csv","text":"Appendix 1","size":"12.8 kB","linkFileType":{"id":7,"text":"csv"},"description":"SIR 2020–5004 Appendix 1"},{"id":372434,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5004/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":372435,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5004/sir20205004.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.50 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2020–5004"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","city":"Rapid City","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.32,\n 44.0111\n ],\n [\n -103.1364,\n 44.0111\n ],\n [\n -103.1364,\n 44.125\n ],\n [\n -103.32,\n 44.125\n ],\n [\n -103.32,\n 44.0111\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Dakota Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
821 East Interstate Avenue
Bismarck, ND 58503
1608 Mountain View Road
Rapid City, SD 57702
Groundwater levels and stream stage were monitored by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Friends of Herring River, at 19 sites in the Mill Creek Basin, a tributary of the Herring River in Wellfleet, Massachusetts, on outer Cape Cod, to provide baseline data prior to a proposed restoration of tidal flow to the Herring River estuary at the Cape Cod National Seashore. Tidal flow in the Herring River has been restricted by a tide-control structure since 1909. Baseline data are necessary to understand current conditions and provide information on water levels for comparison to future water levels under the proposed Herring River restoration, which includes restoration of salt marshes by enhancing tidal flow to the Herring River and construction of a tide-control structure on Mill Creek to prevent the flooding of upstream private properties, including a golf course.
Analysis of data collected during monitoring-well installation at eight locations on or near the golf course and Mill Creek, along with analysis of existing information, determined that parts of the study area are underlain by salt marsh deposits up to 18 feet (ft) thick. These marsh deposits are directly underlain by estuarine sediments, and adjacent upland areas are underlain by medium to very coarse sand. The freshwater lens on the golf course is 70 ft thick or more.
Groundwater levels at individual wells in the study area fluctuated by 1.3 to 2.6 ft during the study period (June 1, 2017, to June 14, 2018). Total precipitation during this period was 60.8 inches, about 10 inches greater than the long-term (2000–17) annual average (50.3 inches). Groundwater levels on Cape Cod generally were normal to above normal during the study owing to the higher than normal precipitation. Tidal amplitudes of groundwater levels caused by daily fluctuations at nearby tidal waterbodies (M2 tidal harmonic) were as large as 0.12 ft at a well 105 ft from the tidally restricted Herring River and as large as 0.06 ft at a well 575 ft from Wellfleet Harbor. Tidal fluctuations in groundwater levels were generally limited to areas about 1,500 ft from the nearest tidal waterbody. Under the initial proposed restoration, where mean tides would be maintained similar to current conditions, tidal fluctuations would be restored to parts of Mill Creek, and subsequent tidal fluctuations in groundwater levels could increase at some of the areas closest to the proposed tide-control structure, but the fluctuations would be less than about 0.06 ft in magnitude.
Regression models were used to describe the variability of daily mean tidally filtered groundwater levels and daily maximum stream stage in Mill Creek. Significant independent variables for the groundwater-level model included daily tidally filtered Wellfleet Harbor stage with a lag time of zero to 2 days, 7-day precipitation, the growing degree days (50 degrees Fahrenheit), and the quartile of groundwater levels relative to a long period of record at a nearby observation well.
Significant independent variables to predict the Mill Creek stage included daily mean groundwater levels in nearby wells, 7-day precipitation, growing degree days (50 degrees Fahrenheit), and a binary indicator of either a flooded or nonflooded condition on the golf course near Mill Creek. Flooding in Mill Creek occurred primarily when groundwater levels at nearby wells reached certain thresholds, when the precipitation in the preceding 7 days was at least 0.92–1.04 inches, and during the nongrowing season.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20195145","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Friends of Herring River","usgsCitation":"Mullaney, J.R., Barclay, J.R., Laabs, K.L., and Lavallee, K.D., 2020, Hydrogeology and interactions of groundwater and surface water near Mill Creek and the Herring River, Wellfleet, Massachusetts, 2017–18: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2019–5145, 60 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20195145.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 60 p.; Data Release; Project Site","numberOfPages":"72","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-103306","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437103,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P903HI9K","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data on Models to Describe Groundwater Levels and Stream Stage near the Herring River, Wellfleet, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, 2017-2022"},{"id":399619,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_109683.htm"},{"id":372270,"rank":4,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/new-england-water/science/groundwater-and-surface-water-monitoring-mill-creek-watershed","text":"Project site","linkHelpText":"- Groundwater and Surface-Water Monitoring in the Mill Creek Watershed, Wellfleet and Truro, Massachusetts"},{"id":372269,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9T167II","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data on Tidally Filtered Groundwater and Estuary Water Levels, and Climatological Data Near Mill Creek and the Herring River, Cape Cod, Wellfleet, Massachusetts, 2017–2018"},{"id":372451,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5145/sir20195145.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.14 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2019-5145"},{"id":372267,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5145/coverthb2.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","county":"Barnstable County","city":"Wellfleet","otherGeospatial":"Mill Creek, Herring River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.06719589233398,\n 41.92412111618309\n ],\n [\n -70.04968643188475,\n 41.92412111618309\n ],\n [\n -70.04968643188475,\n 41.9377858285046\n ],\n [\n -70.06719589233398,\n 41.9377858285046\n ],\n [\n -70.06719589233398,\n 41.92412111618309\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New England Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
331 Commerce Way, Suite 2
Pembroke, New Hampshire 03275
Fossil rodent middens are powerful tools in paleoecology. In arid parts of western North America, packrat (Neotoma spp.) middens preserve plant and animal remains for tens of thousands of years. Midden contents are so well preserved that fragments of endogenous ancient DNA (aDNA) can be extracted and analyzed across millennia. Here, we explore the use of shotgun metagenomics to study the aDNA obtained from packrat middens up to 32,000 C14 years old. Eleven Illumina HiSeq 2500 libraries were successfully sequenced, and between 0.11% and 6.7% of reads were classified using Centrifuge against the NCBI “nt” database. Eukaryotic taxa identified belonged primarily to vascular plants with smaller proportions mapping to ascomycete fungi, arthropods, chordates, and nematodes. Plant taxonomic diversity in the middens is shown to change through time and tracks changes in assemblages determined by morphological examination of the plant remains. Amplicon sequencing of ITS2 and rbcL provided minimal data for some middens, but failed at amplifying the highly fragmented DNA present in others. With repeated sampling and deep sequencing, analysis of packrat midden aDNA from well-preserved midden material can provide highly detailed characterizations of past communities of plants, animals, bacteria, and fungi present as trace DNA fossils. The prospects for gaining more paleoecological insights from aDNA for rodent middens will continue to improve with optimization of laboratory methods, decreasing sequencing costs, and increasing computational power.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.6082","usgsCitation":"Moore, G., Tessler, M., Cunningham, S., Betancourt, J.L., and Harbert, R., 2020, Paleo-metagenomics of North American fossil packrat middens: Past biodiversity revealed by ancient DNA: Ecology and Evolution, v. 10, p. 2530-2544, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6082.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"2530","endPage":"2544","ipdsId":"IP-116757","costCenters":[{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":457653,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6082","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":423176,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-02-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, Grace","contributorId":332110,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moore","given":"Grace","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":79384,"text":"Smith College (Northampton, MA)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":889462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tessler, Michael","contributorId":247608,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tessler","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":49589,"text":"Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":889463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cunningham, Seth","contributorId":332111,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cunningham","given":"Seth","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":79386,"text":"Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":889464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Betancourt, Julio L. 0000-0002-7165-0743 jlbetanc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":3376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"Julio","email":"jlbetanc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":889465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Harbert, Robert","contributorId":332112,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harbert","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":79387,"text":"Stonehill College (MA)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":889466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70212528,"text":"70212528 - 2020 - Six-axis ground motion measurements of caldera collapse at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi - More data, more puzzles?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-19T13:36:23.530445","indexId":"70212528","displayToPublicDate":"2020-02-20T08:29:37","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Six-axis ground motion measurements of caldera collapse at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi - More data, more puzzles?","docAbstract":"Near‐field recordings of large earthquakes and volcano‐induced events using traditional seismological instrumentation often suffer from unaccounted effects of local tilt and saturation of signals. Recent hardware advances have led to the development of the blueSeis‐3A, a very broadband, highly sensitive rotational motion sensor. We installed this sensor in close proximity to permanently deployed classical instrumentation (i.e., translational seismometer, accelerometer, and tiltmeter) at the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (USGS). There, we were able to record three ~Mw 5 earthquakes associated with large collapse events during the later phase of the 2018 Kīlauea summit eruption. Located less than 2 km from the origins of these sources, the combined six‐axis translational and rotational measurements revealed clear static rotations around all three coordinate axes. With these six component recordings, we have been able to reconstruct the complete time history of ground motion of a fixed point during an earthquake for the first time.
Director, Washington Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
934 Broadway, Suite 300
Tacoma, Washington 98402
We present new 3-D P wave and S wave velocity models of the upper 20 km of the Mount St. Helens (MSH) region. These were obtained using local-source arrival time tomography from earthquakes and explosions recorded at 70 broadband stations deployed as part of the imaging Magma Under St. Helens (iMUSH) project and augmented by several data sets. Principal features of our models include (1) low P wave and S wave velocities along the St. Helens seismic zone to depths of at least 20 km corresponding to high conductivity imaged by iMUSH magnetotelluric studies. This delineates a zone of weakness that magma can exploit at the location of MSH; (2) a 5- to 7-km diameter, 6–15 km deep, 3–6% negative P wave and S wave velocity anomaly beneath MSH, consistent with previous estimates of the source region for recent eruptions. We interpret this as a magma storage region containing up to 15–20 km3 of partial melt, which is about 5 times more than the largest documented eruption at MSH; (3) a broad region of low P wave velocity below 10-km depth extending between Mount Adams and Mount Rainier along and to the east of the main Cascade arc, which is likely due to high-temperature arc crust and possible presence of fluids or melt; (4) several anomalies associated with surface-mapped features, including high-velocity igneous units such as the Spud Mountain and Spirit Lake plutons and low velocities in the Chehalis sedimentary basin and the Indian Heaven volcanic field. Our results place further constraints on the geometry of these features at depth.
Upon reproductive failure, many bird species make a secondary attempt at nesting (hereafter, “renesting”). Renesting may be an effective strategy to maximize current and lifetime reproductive success, but individuals face uncertainty in the probability of success because reproductive attempts initiated later in the breeding season often have reduced nest, pre-fledging, and post-fledging brood survival. We evaluated renesting propensity, renesting intervals, and renest reproductive success of Piping Plovers (Charadrius melodus) by following 1,922 nests and 1,785 unique breeding adults from 2014 to 2016 in the Northern Great Plains of the United States. The apparent renesting rate for individuals was 25% for reproductive attempts that failed in the nest stage (egg laying and incubation) and only 1.2% for reproductive attempts when broods were lost. Renesting propensity declined if reproductive attempts failed during the brood-rearing stage, nests were depredated, reproductive failure occurred later in the breeding season, or individuals had previously renested that year. Additionally, plovers that nested on reservoirs were less likely to renest compared to other habitats. Renesting intervals declined when individuals had not already renested, were after-second-year adults without known prior breeding experience, and moved short distances between nest attempts. Renesting intervals also decreased if the attempt failed later in the season. Overall, reproductive success and daily nest survival were lower for renests than first nests throughout the breeding season. Furthermore, renests on reservoirs had reduced apparent reproductive success and daily nest survival unless the predicted amount of habitat on reservoirs increased within the breeding season. Our results provide important demographic measures for this threatened species and suggest that predation- and water-management strategies that maximize success of early nests would be more likely to increase productivity. Altogether, renesting appears to be an unproductive reproductive strategy to replace lost reproductive attempts for Piping Plovers breeding in the Northern Great Plains.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/condor/duz066","usgsCitation":"Swift, R.J., Anteau, M.J., Ring, M., Toy, D.L., and Sherfy, M.H., 2020, Low renesting propensity and reproductive success make renesting unproductive for the threatened Piping Plover (Charadrius melodus): The Condor, v. 2, no. 122, duz066, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/duz066.","productDescription":"duz066, 18 p.","ipdsId":"IP-108250","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":457680,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/duz066","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437105,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9VAS8P7","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Renesting propensity, intervals, and reproductive success data for the Northern Great Plains Piping Plover, a threatened shorebird species 2014-2016"},{"id":375685,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.39208984375,\n 48.21003212234042\n ],\n [\n -103.71093749999999,\n 48.10743118848039\n ],\n [\n -102.89794921875,\n 48.3416461723746\n ],\n [\n -101.97509765625,\n 47.90161354142077\n ],\n [\n -101.4697265625,\n 47.82790816919329\n ],\n [\n -100.78857421875,\n 47.76886840424207\n ],\n [\n -100.52490234375,\n 47.010225655683485\n ],\n [\n -100.43701171875,\n 46.558860303117164\n ],\n [\n -100.39306640625,\n 46.10370875598026\n ],\n [\n -100.21728515624999,\n 45.81348649679973\n ],\n [\n -100.39306640625,\n 44.731125592643274\n ],\n [\n -100.37109375,\n 44.449467536006935\n ],\n [\n -99.6240234375,\n 44.449467536006935\n ],\n [\n -99.03076171875,\n 45.120052841530544\n ],\n [\n -98.96484375,\n 46.08847179577592\n ],\n [\n -98.94287109375,\n 46.99524110694593\n ],\n [\n -99.29443359375,\n 47.54687159892238\n ],\n [\n -99.95361328125,\n 48.22467264956519\n ],\n [\n -101.1181640625,\n 48.647427805533546\n ],\n [\n -102.41455078125,\n 48.647427805533546\n ],\n [\n -103.18359375,\n 48.90805939965008\n ],\n [\n -104.4580078125,\n 48.951366470947725\n ],\n [\n -104.65576171875,\n 48.472921272487824\n ],\n [\n -104.39208984375,\n 48.21003212234042\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"122","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-02-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swift, Rose J. 0000-0001-7044-6196","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7044-6196","contributorId":212082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swift","given":"Rose","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":791037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anteau, Michael J. 0000-0002-5173-5870 manteau@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5173-5870","contributorId":3427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anteau","given":"Michael","email":"manteau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":791038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ring, Megan M. 0000-0001-8331-8492","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8331-8492","contributorId":225026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ring","given":"Megan M.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":791039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Toy, Dustin L. 0000-0001-5390-5784 dtoy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5390-5784","contributorId":5150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toy","given":"Dustin","email":"dtoy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":791040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sherfy, Mark H. 0000-0003-3016-4105 msherfy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3016-4105","contributorId":125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherfy","given":"Mark","email":"msherfy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":791041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70211506,"text":"70211506 - 2020 - American eels produce and release bile acids that vary across life stage","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-29T14:41:29.589294","indexId":"70211506","displayToPublicDate":"2020-02-18T09:37:29","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2285,"text":"Journal of Fish Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"American eels produce and release bile acids that vary across life stage","docAbstract":"The American eel (Anguilla rostrata ) is an imperilled fish hypothesized to use conspecific cues, in part, to coordinate long‐distance migration during their multistage life history. Here, holding water and tissue from multiple American eel life stages was collected and analysed for the presence, profile and concentration of bile acids. Distinct bile acid profiles were identified in glass, elver, yellow eel and silver eel holding waters using ultraperformance liquid chromatography high‐resolution mass spectrometry and principal component analysis. Taurochenodeoxycholic acid, taurodeoxycholic acid, cholic acid, deoxycholic acid, taurolithocholic acid and taurocholic acid were detected in whole tissue of American glass eels and elvers, and in liver, intestine and gallbladder samples of late‐stage yellow eels. Bile acids were not a major component of silver eel washings or tissue. This study is novel because little was previously known about bile acids produced and emitted into the environment by American eels. Future behavioural studies could evaluate whether any bile acids produced by American eels influence conspecific migratory behaviour.
No abstract available.
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