Earth has a stunning variety of landscapes. The colors, patterns, textures, and shapes all make for intriguing artwork as seen from the perspective of space.
Earth As Art shows not only what satellites capture in the visible wavelengths of light you and I can see, but also what’s hiding in the invisible wavelengths that Landsat sensors can detect in the infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Those combinations can bring out much more scientific value, but also can produce imagery of breathtaking beauty.
Earth As Art 6 even includes images from U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS), commonly known as drones. Sensors attached to a UAS also capture visible and infrared light and have proven their value at monitoring change over time alongside their spaceborne partners. Besides, their images look great, too. Enjoy the latest from Earth As Art!
https://eros.usgs.gov/image-gallery/earth-art-6
Director, Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center
U.S. Geological Survey
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, SD 57198–0001
North American sea ducks generally breed in mid- to northern-latitude regions and nearly all rely upon marine habitats for much of their annual cycle. Most sea duck species remained poorly studied until the 1990s when declines were noted in several species and populations. Subsequent research, much of which was funded by the Sea Duck Joint Venture, began in the late 1990s with an emphasis on defining use areas throughout the annual cycle, migration patterns, and determining if there were distinct populations, within species, across North America. These studies relied largely upon satellite telemetry information to identify winter, breeding, and molting areas of sea ducks. New information from band recovery and genetic markers was added, contributing to hypotheses and initial conclusions about population delineation. Information on population units across North America is critical for identifying appropriate scales for evaluating population status and trends through annual monitoring surveys, harvest assessments, habitat protection and measuring effectiveness of management applications. Previous descriptions of population segments were for single species or smaller groups of similar species. Here, we summarize current knowledge on the general distribution and population segments of 13 species of sea ducks in North America by comparing range maps to long-term band recovery, genetic, and satellite telemetry data to inform population delineation assessments and future research. These comparisons show a high degree of consistency in population patterns for most species across the independent data types. These maps provide a foundation for developing new hypothesis-driven research to address remaining knowledge gaps and questions about population differentiation, annual cycle distribution, habitat use, and harvest assessment.
","largerWorkTitle":"USGS Open File Report","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20191142","collaboration":"Prepared in Cooperation with the Sea Duck Joint Venture Continental Technical Team","usgsCitation":"Pearce, J.M., Flint, P.L., Whalen, M.E., Sonsthagen, S.A., Stiller, J., Patil, V.P., Bowman, T., Boyd, S., Badzinski, S.S., Gilchrist, H.G., Gilliland, S.G., Lepage, C., Loring, P., McAuley, D., McLellan, N.R., Osenkowski, J., Reed, E.T., Roberts, A.J., Robertson, M.O., Rothe, T., Safine, D.E., Silverman, E.D., and Spragens, D., 2019, Visualizing populations of North American Sea Ducks—Maps to guide research and management planning: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2019-1142, 50 p., plus appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191142.","productDescription":"vi, 50 p.","numberOfPages":"50","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-109661","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437250,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P93EF3TH","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Tracking Data for Black Scoter (Melanitta americana)"},{"id":370662,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1142/ofr20191142.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Open-File Report 2019-1142"},{"id":370661,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1142/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, Russia, United States","otherGeospatial":"North America","contact":"Director,
Alaska Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
4210 University Drive
Anchorage, Alaska 99508
In East Africa, accurate grain yield predictions can help save lives and protect livelihoods. Regional grain yield forecasts can inform decisions regarding the availability and prices of key staples, food aid, and large humanitarian responses. Here, we use earth observation (EO) products to develop and evaluate subnational grain yield forecasts for 56 regions located in two severely food insecure countries: Kenya and Somalia. We identify, for a given region and time of year, which, if any, product is the best indicator for end-of-season maize yields. Our analysis seeks to inform a real-world situation in which analysts have access to multiple regularly updated EO data products, but predictive skill corresponding to each may vary across these regions and throughout the season. We find that the most accurate predictions can be made for high-producing areas, but that the relationship between production and forecast accuracy diminishes in areas with yields averaging greater than one metric ton per hectare. However, while forecast accuracy is highest in high production areas, in many of these regions, the forecast accuracy of models using EO products is not better than a set of baseline models that do not use EO products. Overall, we find that rainfall is the best indicator in low-producing regions and that other EO products work best in areas where yields are relatively consistent, but production is still limited by environmental factors.
","language":"English","publisher":"IOP Science","doi":"10.1088/1748-9326/ab5ccd","usgsCitation":"Davenport, F., Harrison, L., Shukla, S., Husak, G., Funk, C., and McNally, A., 2019, Using out-of-sample yield forecast experiments to evaluate which earth observation products best indicate end of season maize yields: Environmental Research Letters, v. 14, no. 2, 124095, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab5ccd.","productDescription":"124095, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-101895","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":458900,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab5ccd","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":372947,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Kenya, Somalia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 31.728515624999996,\n -5.615985819155327\n ],\n [\n 51.50390625,\n -5.615985819155327\n ],\n [\n 51.50390625,\n 10.833305983642491\n ],\n [\n 31.728515624999996,\n 10.833305983642491\n ],\n [\n 31.728515624999996,\n -5.615985819155327\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-12-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davenport, Frank","contributorId":145816,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davenport","given":"Frank","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7168,"text":"UCSB","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":783964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harrison, Laura","contributorId":192382,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harrison","given":"Laura","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":784025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shukla, Shraddhanand","contributorId":145841,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shukla","given":"Shraddhanand","affiliations":[{"id":16255,"text":"Climate Hazards Group University of California Santa Barbara","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":783965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Husak, Gregory","contributorId":145811,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Husak","given":"Gregory","affiliations":[{"id":16236,"text":"UCSB Climate Hazards Group","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":783966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Funk, Chris 0000-0002-9254-6718 cfunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9254-6718","contributorId":167070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funk","given":"Chris","email":"cfunk@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":783963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McNally, Amy","contributorId":53225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNally","given":"Amy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":784026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70208826,"text":"70208826 - 2019 - The influence of layout on Appalachian Trail soil loss, widening, and muddiness: Implications for sustainable trail design and management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-03T09:09:25","indexId":"70208826","displayToPublicDate":"2019-12-23T09:06:10","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2258,"text":"Journal of Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The influence of layout on Appalachian Trail soil loss, widening, and muddiness: Implications for sustainable trail design and management","docAbstract":"This research investigates the influence of layout and design on the severity of trail degradation. Previous trail studies have been restricted by relatively small study areas which provide a limited range of environmental conditions and therefore produce findings with limited applicability; this research improves on this limitation by analyzing a representative sample of the Appalachian Trail with significant topographical, ecological, use-related, and managerial diversity. Many trail science studies have also focused on a singular form of trail degradation, whereas this study investigates all three core types of trail impact: trail soil loss, widening and muddiness. Relational analyses with all three indicators provide a more cohesive understanding of trail impact and reveal interrelationships between trail degradation processes. ANOVA testing of the mean values for these trail impact indicators across categories of influential independent factors confirms and refines the relevance of core trail design principles, specifically the sustainability advantages of trails with low grades and side-hill alignments. Findings also reveal and clarify the importance of landform grade in determining the susceptibility of trails to degradation and the influence of routing decisions; these relationships have received relatively little attention in the literature. The results also reveal several methodological considerations for trail alignment metrics and trail impact indicators","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109986","usgsCitation":"Meadema, F., Marion, J.L., Arredondo, J., and Wimpey, J., 2019, The influence of layout on Appalachian Trail soil loss, widening, and muddiness: Implications for sustainable trail design and management: Journal of Environmental Management, v. 257, 109986, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109986.","productDescription":"109986, 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-105613","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":458902,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109986","text":"External Repository"},{"id":372839,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Georgia, Maine, Massachusetts, Maryland, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Appalachian Trail","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.671875,\n 32.509761735919426\n ],\n [\n -82.08984375,\n 32.02670629333614\n ],\n [\n -79.62890625,\n 33.02708758002874\n ],\n [\n -76.9921875,\n 35.67514743608467\n ],\n [\n -76.5966796875,\n 37.61423141542417\n ],\n [\n -76.552734375,\n 38.89103282648846\n ],\n [\n -75.2783203125,\n 40.413496049701955\n ],\n [\n -71.7626953125,\n 42.52069952914966\n ],\n [\n -70.3564453125,\n 43.644025847699496\n ],\n [\n -69.521484375,\n 44.465151013519616\n ],\n [\n -68.15917968749999,\n 45.058001435398275\n ],\n [\n -68.02734375,\n 46.164614496897094\n ],\n [\n -68.291015625,\n 46.6795944656402\n ],\n [\n -69.345703125,\n 46.46813299215554\n ],\n [\n -70.5322265625,\n 45.213003555993964\n ],\n [\n -72.158203125,\n 44.653024159812\n ],\n [\n -74.8388671875,\n 43.389081939117496\n ],\n [\n -75.76171875,\n 42.00032514831621\n ],\n [\n -78.22265625,\n 40.68063802521456\n ],\n [\n -79.013671875,\n 39.87601941962116\n ],\n [\n -80.244140625,\n 38.37611542403604\n ],\n [\n -81.650390625,\n 35.28150065789119\n ],\n [\n -83.8037109375,\n 34.08906131584994\n ],\n [\n -84.111328125,\n 33.50475906922609\n ],\n [\n -83.671875,\n 32.509761735919426\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"257","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meadema, Fletcher","contributorId":207912,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meadema","given":"Fletcher","affiliations":[{"id":37662,"text":"Virginia Tech Master's student","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":783507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marion, Jeffrey L. 0000-0003-2226-689X jeff_marion@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2226-689X","contributorId":3614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marion","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jeff_marion@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":783506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arredondo, Johanna","contributorId":192143,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arredondo","given":"Johanna","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":783508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wimpey, Jeremy","contributorId":207952,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wimpey","given":"Jeremy","affiliations":[{"id":32905,"text":"Applied Trails Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":783509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70211054,"text":"70211054 - 2019 - Functional characterization and osmoregulatory role of the Na+/K+/2Cl--cotransporter (NKCC1) in the gill of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), a basal vertebrate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-13T13:51:22.896616","indexId":"70211054","displayToPublicDate":"2019-12-23T08:50:01","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":730,"text":"American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology","onlineIssn":"1522-1490","printIssn":"0363-6119","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Functional characterization and osmoregulatory role of the Na+/K+/2Cl--cotransporter (NKCC1) in the gill of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), a basal vertebrate","docAbstract":"The present study provides molecular and functional characterization of Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter (nkcc1/NKCC1) in the gills of sea lamprey, the most basal extant vertebrate with an osmoregulatory strategy. We report the full-length peptide sequence for the lamprey NKCC1, which we show to group strongly with and occupy a basal position among other vertebrate NKCC1 sequences. Lamprey nkcc1 mRNA were present in many tissues but was 5-fold higher in the gill than any other tissue. NKCC1 protein was only detected in the gill. Gill mRNA and protein abundances of NKCC1 and Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) were significantly upregulated (20- to 200-fold) in late metamorphosis in freshwater, coinciding with the development of salinity tolerance, and were upregulated an additional 2-fold after acclimation to seawater. Immunohistochemistry revealed that NKCC1 in the gill is found in filamental ionocytes that develop during metamorphosis. Lamprey treated with bumetanide, a widely used pharmacological inhibitor of NKCC1, exhibited higher plasma Cl- and osmolality and reduced muscle water content after 24 h in seawater, but had no effect in FW. This work provides the first functional characterization of NKCC1 as having a functional role mechanism for branchial salt secretion in lampreys, providing evidence that this mode of Cl- secretion has been present among vertebrates for ~550 million years.","language":"English","publisher":"American Physiological Society","doi":"10.1152/ajpregu.00125.2019","usgsCitation":"Shaughnessy, C.A., and McCormick, S.D., 2019, Functional characterization and osmoregulatory role of the Na+/K+/2Cl--cotransporter (NKCC1) in the gill of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), a basal vertebrate: American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, v. 318, no. 1, p. R17-R29, https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00125.2019.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"R17","endPage":"R29","ipdsId":"IP-107838","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":458904,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00125.2019","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":376301,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"318","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shaughnessy, Ciaran Alvar Seeland 0000-0003-2146-9126","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2146-9126","contributorId":228962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaughnessy","given":"Ciaran","email":"","middleInitial":"Alvar Seeland","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCormick, Stephen D. 0000-0003-0621-6200 smccormick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":139214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"Stephen","email":"smccormick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70210434,"text":"70210434 - 2019 - Aridity drives spatiotemporal patterns of masting across the latitudinal range of a dryland conifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-03T12:59:07.49479","indexId":"70210434","displayToPublicDate":"2019-12-23T07:56:20","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1445,"text":"Ecography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aridity drives spatiotemporal patterns of masting across the latitudinal range of a dryland conifer","docAbstract":"Masting, or the synchronous and irregular production of seed crops, is controlled by environmental conditions and resource budgets. Increasing temperatures and shifting precipitation regimes may alter the frequency and magnitude of masting, especially in species that experience chronic resource stress. Yet the effects of a changing climate on seed production are unlikely to be uniform across populations, particularly those that span broad abiotic gradients. In this study, we assessed the spatiotemporal patterns of masting across the latitudinal distribution of a widely distributed dryland conifer species, piñon pine Pinus edulis . We quantified seed cone production from 2004 to 2017 using cone abscission scars in 187 trees from 28 sites along an 1100 km latitudinal gradient to investigate the spatiotemporal drivers of seed cone production and synchrony across populations. Populations from chronically hot and dry areas (greater climatic water deficits and less monsoonal precipitation) tended to have greater interannual variability in seed cone production and smaller crop sizes. Mast years generally followed years with low vapor pressure deficits and high precipitation during key periods of the reproductive process, but the strength of these relationships varied across the region. Populations that received greater monsoonal precipitation were less sensitive to late summer vapor pressure deficits during seed cone initiation yet more sensitive to spring vapor pressure deficits during pollination. Spatially correlated patterns of vapor pressure deficit better predicted synchrony in seed cone production than geographic distance, and these patterns were conserved at distances up to 500 km. These results demonstrate that aridity drives spatiotemporal variability in seed cone production. As a result, projected increases in aridity are likely to decrease the frequency and magnitude of masting in these dry forests and woodlands. Declines in seed production may compound climatic limitations to recruitment and impede tree regeneration, with cascading effects for numerous wildlife species.
Widespread use of neonicotinoid insecticides in North America has led to frequent detection of neonicotinoids in surface waters. Despite frequent surface water detection, few studies have evaluated underlying sediments for the presence of neonicotinoids. Thus, we sampled water and sediments for neonicotinoids during a one-year period at 40 floodplain wetlands throughout Missouri. Analyzed for six common neonicotinoids, sediment samples consistently (63% of samples) contained neonicotinoids (e.g., imidacloprid and clothianidin) in all sampling periods. Mean sediment and aqueous neonicotinoid concentrations were 1.19 μg kg–1 (range: 0–17.99 μg kg–1) and 0.03 μg L–1 (0–0.97 μg L–1), respectively. We used boosted regression tree analysis to explain sediment neonicotinoid concentrations and ultimately identified six variables that accounted for 31.6% of concentration variability. Efforts to limit sediment neonicotinoid contamination could include reducing agriculture within a wetland below a threshold of 25% area planted. Also, prolonging periods of overlying water >25 cm deep when water temperatures reach/exceed 18 °C could promote conditions favorable for neonicotinoid degradation. Results of this study can be useful in determining potential routes and levels of neonicotinoid exposure experienced by nontarget benthic aquatic invertebrates as well as potential means to mitigate neonicotinoid concentrations in floodplain wetlands.
Zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) are invasive bivalves that have perturbed aquatic ecosystems within North America since their introduction in the mid-1980s. Control of zebra mussels has largely been restricted to raw water conveyance systems and associated infrastructures because few control products are registered for application in surface waters. The biopesticide Zequanox was registered in 2014 by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for controlling dreissenid mussels (zebra and quagga mussels (Dreissena rostriformis bugensis) in surface waters. Previous Zequanox applications in surface waters have used vertical impermeable-membrane barriers to contain treated water. Studies have indicated that uncontained applications may be successful if Zequanox suspensions of the correct viscosity are applied to facilitate the creation of stratified benthic treatment layer. In this study, Zequanox was applied to replicate 0.30-hectare plots within a small inland lake using a custom-engineered, boat-mounted application system to determine if uncontained Zequanox applications could be used to manage zebra mussel populations and to protect native unionid mussels within zebra mussel infested waters. To determine success, the following specific objectives were investigated during, 30 days after, and/or 1 year after Zequanox exposure: (1) evaluate Zequanox concentrations during exposure; (2) monitor water quality during and after exposure; (3) evaluate the mortality of zebra mussels that were caged within treatment zones during the exposures; (4) evaluate the densities of naturally occurring zebra mussels with treatment zones before and after Zequanox exposure; and (5) evaluate the survival, condition, and dreissenid infestation of native mussels in the treatment zones before and after Zequanox exposure. Zequanox rapidly dissipated from the treated plots, resulting in no appreciable treatment-related mortality of zebra mussels and insignificant impacts to water quality. Zequanox exposure-related impacts to native mussels were not observed.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20191126","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Luoma, J.A., Waller, D.L., Severson, T.J., Barbour, M.T., Wise, J.K., Lord, E.G., Bartsch, L.A., and Bartsch, M.R., Assessment of uncontained Zequanox applications for zebra mussel control in a Midwestern lake: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2019–1126, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191126.","productDescription":"viii, 21 p.","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-108267","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437255,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P90JY18D","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Assessment of uncontained Zequanox applications in a Midwestern lake code"},{"id":437254,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ZPKI64","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Assessment of uncontained Zequanox applications in a Midwestern lake data"},{"id":370446,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1126/ofr20191126.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.33 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2019–1126"},{"id":370445,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1126/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Emmet County","otherGeospatial":"Round Lake","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-84.7494,45.7823],[-84.7448,45.7822],[-84.733,45.7866],[-84.7304,45.7866],[-84.7321,45.7226],[-84.7314,45.5492],[-84.7318,45.4624],[-84.7314,45.3774],[-84.7318,45.2878],[-84.9761,45.289],[-84.9765,45.2702],[-84.9868,45.274],[-84.9933,45.2745],[-84.9998,45.2719],[-85.005,45.2715],[-85.0108,45.2734],[-85.0146,45.2789],[-85.0183,45.2858],[-85.0189,45.2904],[-85.0161,45.2967],[-85.023,45.3064],[-85.0407,45.328],[-85.049,45.335],[-85.0976,45.3355],[-85.097,45.367],[-85.0872,45.3665],[-85.0743,45.3663],[-85.0419,45.3628],[-85.0229,45.3694],[-85.0171,45.3708],[-85.0145,45.3712],[-84.9925,45.3686],[-84.9748,45.3749],[-84.9728,45.3757],[-84.9559,45.3783],[-84.9481,45.3809],[-84.9239,45.3898],[-84.9192,45.3939],[-84.9156,45.4075],[-84.9168,45.4126],[-84.9232,45.4181],[-84.9341,45.4224],[-84.9529,45.4249],[-84.9743,45.426],[-84.9808,45.4261],[-84.9859,45.428],[-84.9886,45.4267],[-84.9899,45.4262],[-84.9912,45.4249],[-84.9906,45.4239],[-84.9854,45.4225],[-84.9848,45.422],[-84.9835,45.4202],[-84.9823,45.4179],[-84.999,45.4236],[-85.001,45.424],[-85.0074,45.4264],[-85.0145,45.4292],[-85.0345,45.4326],[-85.0429,45.4368],[-85.0493,45.4397],[-85.0564,45.4457],[-85.0621,45.4499],[-85.0691,45.455],[-85.0767,45.4637],[-85.0844,45.472],[-85.0952,45.4817],[-85.0965,45.4827],[-85.0977,45.4863],[-85.0995,45.4959],[-85.1006,45.5014],[-85.1063,45.5088],[-85.112,45.5189],[-85.1138,45.5253],[-85.1169,45.5322],[-85.1181,45.5396],[-85.1186,45.5446],[-85.1191,45.5501],[-85.1184,45.556],[-85.1188,45.5647],[-85.1194,45.5693],[-85.1199,45.5762],[-85.1192,45.5794],[-85.1046,45.5938],[-85.1,45.5961],[-85.096,45.6002],[-85.0926,45.6038],[-85.088,45.6097],[-85.0773,45.6214],[-85.0765,45.6278],[-85.0679,45.6355],[-85.037,45.6457],[-85.0081,45.6555],[-85.0002,45.6609],[-84.9968,45.6668],[-84.9946,45.6782],[-84.9939,45.6791],[-84.9893,45.6809],[-84.9821,45.6812],[-84.9749,45.6848],[-84.9629,45.6966],[-84.9549,45.7038],[-84.9464,45.7074],[-84.9423,45.7114],[-84.9389,45.7215],[-84.9432,45.7293],[-84.9586,45.7423],[-84.9716,45.7438],[-84.976,45.7489],[-84.9766,45.7521],[-84.9792,45.7535],[-84.9818,45.7526],[-84.9845,45.7512],[-84.9909,45.7541],[-84.9929,45.7545],[-84.9961,45.7546],[-85.002,45.7537],[-85.0066,45.7533],[-85.0144,45.7575],[-85.0143,45.7589],[-85.0104,45.7598],[-85.0078,45.7607],[-84.9915,45.7573],[-84.9576,45.7578],[-84.9406,45.7585],[-84.9308,45.758],[-84.9269,45.757],[-84.9217,45.7556],[-84.9076,45.7472],[-84.9043,45.7467],[-84.9004,45.7466],[-84.8971,45.747],[-84.8912,45.7511],[-84.8898,45.752],[-84.8859,45.7542],[-84.8826,45.7556],[-84.8806,45.7555],[-84.8787,45.7555],[-84.8774,45.7555],[-84.867,45.7522],[-84.8598,45.7512],[-84.8521,45.7488],[-84.8437,45.7464],[-84.8398,45.7454],[-84.8358,45.7458],[-84.8325,45.7481],[-84.8272,45.7508],[-84.8239,45.7521],[-84.8213,45.7525],[-84.8187,45.7511],[-84.8136,45.7469],[-84.8097,45.7464],[-84.8071,45.7455],[-84.8032,45.7463],[-84.7946,45.7495],[-84.7866,45.7557],[-84.7832,45.7617],[-84.7805,45.7676],[-84.7804,45.7689],[-84.7824,45.7699],[-84.7869,45.7699],[-84.7882,45.7704],[-84.7868,45.7731],[-84.7906,45.7778],[-84.7926,45.7792],[-84.7899,45.7823],[-84.7859,45.7855],[-84.7767,45.7877],[-84.7734,45.7876],[-84.7636,45.787],[-84.7494,45.7823]]],[[[-85.0618,45.7644],[-85.0665,45.7627],[-85.0684,45.7627],[-85.0697,45.7631],[-85.071,45.7641],[-85.0716,45.765],[-85.0709,45.7673],[-85.0696,45.7686],[-85.0663,45.7695],[-85.061,45.7713],[-85.0584,45.7704],[-85.0572,45.7694],[-85.0572,45.7685],[-85.0579,45.7676],[-85.0599,45.7658],[-85.0618,45.7644]]],[[[-85.0162,45.7607],[-85.0175,45.7603],[-85.0228,45.7608],[-85.0234,45.7608],[-85.0266,45.7636],[-85.0272,45.7645],[-85.0265,45.7677],[-85.0238,45.7732],[-85.0225,45.7727],[-85.0219,45.7718],[-85.0206,45.7709],[-85.0193,45.7699],[-85.0174,45.7672],[-85.0155,45.7639],[-85.0162,45.7607]]],[[[-85.0371,45.761],[-85.0397,45.7601],[-85.043,45.761],[-85.0436,45.7615],[-85.0436,45.7647],[-85.0429,45.7665],[-85.0389,45.7688],[-85.0357,45.7664],[-85.0344,45.7641],[-85.0371,45.761]]],[[[-85.1667,45.6754],[-85.1693,45.675],[-85.172,45.6755],[-85.1739,45.6773],[-85.1738,45.68],[-85.1692,45.6809],[-85.166,45.6795],[-85.1647,45.6777],[-85.1667,45.6754]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Emmet\",\"state\":\"MI\"}}]}","contact":"Director, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2630 Fanta Reed Rd.
La Crosse, WI 54603
Groundwater withdrawals since the 1940s have lowered water levels, altered groundwater-flow directions, and caused saltwater to intrude within some freshwater-containing sands of the fluvial-deltaic Southern Hills regional aquifer system beneath Baton Rouge, Louisiana. New interpretations of stratigraphic correlations amongst geophysical well logs were utilized to revise a hydrogeologic framework that delineates the depth and thickness variations of aquifers and confining units in the Southern Hills regional aquifer system. A groundwater-flow and chloride-transport model incorporating the revised framework was constructed to assess the effects of groundwater withdrawals on the rate and pathways of saltwater migration in the “1,500-foot” sand, “2,400-foot” sand, and the “2,800-foot” sand. Groundwater withdrawals reported since 1940 were compiled to specify annual average withdrawal rates through 2016 for 722 wells. Regional groundwater flow throughout the Southern Hills regional aquifer system was first simulated with MODFLOW, and flow-model parameters were calibrated to 8,810 water levels observed through 2016 by using the parameter-estimation code PEST++. Saltwater transport was subsequently simulated for the “1,500-foot” sand, “2,400-foot” sand, and the “2,800-foot” sand by using the variable-density code, SEAWAT. Chloride-concentration measurements were used as a proxy for saltwater to formulate the concentration initial conditions and calibrate the transport-model parameters.
Three groundwater-management scenarios were simulated to evaluate the effects of different groundwater withdrawals on future groundwater levels and saltwater concentrations in the “1,500-foot” sand, “2,400-foot” sand, and “2,800-foot” sand. All three scenarios simulated the period from 2017 through 2112 (96 years), and the water levels and concentrations simulated for 2047 and 2112 were compared among the scenarios. The first scenario simulated a continuation of groundwater withdrawals at 2016 rates and represents the “status quo” of groundwater withdrawals. The second scenario simulated the effects of discontinuing 10,620 gallons per minute (gal/min) of withdrawals from the “2,800-foot” sand, and the third scenario simulated reallocating 2,000 gal/min of withdrawals from the “1,500-foot” sand to the “2,800-foot” sand. Continuation of the “status quo” withdrawals results in lower water levels by 2047 around groundwater-withdrawal locations in the “1,500-foot” sand, “2,400-foot” sand, and “2,800-foot” sand. By 2112, water levels recover to higher levels as flow in the aquifer approaches equilibrium. Saltwater within the “1,500-foot” sand would continue migrating toward public-supply wells located 2.4 miles (mi) north of the Baton Rouge Fault, but a “scavenger well” that removes relatively concentrated water from the base of the “1,500-foot” sand attenuates chloride concentrations at the public-supply wells. Saltwater within the “2,400-foot” sand would continue to encroach on a well with large withdrawals and farther east within an area about 1 mi north of the Baton Rouge Fault. Saltwater within the “2,800-foot” sand would migrate northward toward withdrawal wells located about 3 mi north of the industrial district. Cessation of 10,620 gal/min of industrial withdrawals from the “2,800-foot” sand about 12 mi northwest of the industrial district (scenario 2) would cause a substantial water-level recovery in the “2,800-foot” sand in the area of discontinued withdrawals. Groundwater levels 3 mi north of the industrial district would be 25–30 feet higher in 2047 than predicted for the “status quo” withdrawals. Saltwater encroachment toward wells north of the industrial district would be slowed because of the decreased hydraulic gradient. Reallocating 2,000 gal/min of withdrawals from the “1,500-foot” sand to the “2,800-foot” sand 12 mi northwest of the industrial district (scenario 3) would have a negligible effect on water levels and chloride concentrations in the “1,500-foot” sand 15 mi to the south-southeast where saltwater is encroaching toward wells in the “1,500-foot” sand. Within the “2,800-foot” sand, the area of saltwater encroachment is only 3 mi from increased withdrawals in the “2,800-foot” sand, and water levels would be about 5 feet lower in 2047 than for the “status quo” scenario. A larger hydraulic gradient would cause slightly faster saltwater transport and higher chloride concentrations within this area of the “2,800-foot” sand.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20195102","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Capital Area Groundwater Conservation Commission; the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development, Public Works and Water Resources Division; and the City of Baton Rouge and Parish of East Baton Rouge","usgsCitation":"Heywood, C.E., Lindaman, M., and Lovelace, J.K., 2019, Simulation of groundwater flow and chloride transport in the “1,500-foot” sand, “2,400-foot” sand, and “2,800-foot” sand of the Baton Rouge area, Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2019–5102, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20195102.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 49 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"63","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-099059","costCenters":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":399545,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_109561.htm"},{"id":370615,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5102/sir20195102.pdf","text":"Report","size":"22.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2019–5102"},{"id":370616,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9URJ38Q","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"SEAWAT model archive of chloride transport in the “1,500-foot”, “2,400-foot”, and “2,800-foot” sands of the Baton Rouge Area, Louisiana"},{"id":370614,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5102/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","city":"Baton Rouge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.75,\n 31.25\n ],\n [\n -90.5,\n 31.25\n ],\n [\n -90.5,\n 30.25\n ],\n [\n -91.75,\n 30.25\n ],\n [\n -91.75,\n 31.25\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
640 Grassmere Park Drive, Suite 100
Nashville, TN 37211
Quantifying temperature and moisture at the soil surface is essential for understanding how soil surface biota respond to changes in the environment. However, at the soil surface these variables are highly dynamic and standard sensors do not explicitly measure temperature or moisture in the upper few millimeters of the soil profile. This paper describes methods for manufacturing simple, inexpensive sensors that simultaneously measure the temperature and moisture of the upper 5 mm of the soil surface. In addition to sensor construction, steps for quality control, as well as for calibration for various substrates, are explained. The sensors incorporate a Type E thermocouple to measure temperature and assess soil moisture by measuring the resistance between two gold-plated metal probes at the end of the sensor at a depth of 5 mm. The methods presented here can be altered to customize probes for different depths or substrates. These sensors have been effective in a variety of environments and have endured months of heavy rains in tropical forests as well as intense solar radiation in deserts of the southwestern U.S. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of these sensors for evaluating warming, drying, and freezing of the soil surface in a global change experiment.
","language":"English","publisher":"JOVE","doi":"10.3791/60308","usgsCitation":"Howell, A.J., Tucker, C., Grote, E.E., Veste, M., Belnap, J., Kast, G., Weber, B., and Reed, S.C., 2019, Manufacturing simple and inexpensive soil surface temperature and gravimetric water content sensors: Journal of Visualized Experiments, v. 154, e60308, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3791/60308.","productDescription":"e60308, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-108933","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":458912,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://resolver.obvsg.at/urn:nbn:at:at-ubg:3-13924","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":377455,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"154","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-12-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howell, Armin J. 0000-0003-1243-0238 ahowell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1243-0238","contributorId":196798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howell","given":"Armin","email":"ahowell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":796052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tucker, Colin 0000-0002-4539-7780 ctucker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4539-7780","contributorId":167487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tucker","given":"Colin","email":"ctucker@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":796053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grote, Edmund E. 0000-0002-9103-9482 ed_grote@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9103-9482","contributorId":4271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grote","given":"Edmund","email":"ed_grote@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":796054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Veste, Maik","contributorId":238105,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Veste","given":"Maik","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":796055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":796056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kast, Gerhard","contributorId":238106,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kast","given":"Gerhard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":796057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Weber, Bettina","contributorId":21447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"Bettina","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":796058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Reed, Sasha C. 0000-0002-8597-8619 screed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8597-8619","contributorId":462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Sasha","email":"screed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":796059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70207599,"text":"70207599 - 2019 - Plot Locator: An app for locating plots in the field","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-30T16:26:13","indexId":"70207599","displayToPublicDate":"2019-12-20T16:25:02","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":826,"text":"Applications in Plant Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Plot Locator: An app for locating plots in the field","docAbstract":"PREMISE: One of the challenges in field biology is locating previously sampled plots. The Plot Locator app was developed to assist field biologists with plot identification and location, with or without GPS or online connectivity.
METHODS AND RESULTS: The Plot Locator Android app helps users locate field plots by creating a searchable database that stores study area information, such as site/plot names and numbers, distances from landmarks, optional cardinal directions and GPS coordinates, and field notes. A GPS assist and Google Maps can also be used with the app when connectivity is available. All study location data and field notes are stored in a downloadable CSV file on the user’s device.
CONCLUSIONS: The Plot Locator app provides a comprehensive searchable database of study area information, plot location information, and location aids, which are easily accessed in the field.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/aps3.11311","usgsCitation":"Boudell, J., and Middleton, B., 2019, Plot Locator: An app for locating plots in the field: Applications in Plant Science, v. 7, no. 12, e11311, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/aps3.11311.","productDescription":"e11311, 6 p.","ipdsId":"IP-084359","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":458913,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aps3.11311","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":370878,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-12-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boudell, Jere","contributorId":221553,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boudell","given":"Jere","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40405,"text":"Clayton State, Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":778647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Middleton, Beth A. 0000-0002-1220-2326","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1220-2326","contributorId":216869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"Beth","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70208948,"text":"70208948 - 2019 - Early generation hybrids may drive range expansion of two invasive fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-09T06:42:23","indexId":"70208948","displayToPublicDate":"2019-12-20T06:40:34","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Early generation hybrids may drive range expansion of two invasive fishes","docAbstract":"1.\t Introgressive hybridization between two invasive species has the potential to contribute to their invasion success and provide genetic resiliency to rapidly adapt to new environments. Additionally, differences in the behaviour of hybrids may lead to deleterious ecosystem effects that compound any negative impacts of the invading parental species. \n2.\tInvasive silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and bighead carp (H. nobilis) provide an opportunity to evaluate how hybridization may influence the behaviour, dispersal, and spread of an invasive species introgressive complex. In order to investigate the role hybrids may have in the invasion ecology of bigheaded carps, we examined the distribution, movements, and environmental cues for movement of two invasive fishes and their hybrids in the Illinois River (USA). \n3.\tEarly generation hybrids (e.g., F1,F2, and first generation backcross individuals) composed a greater proportion of the population at the invasion front where abundances of bigheaded carp were low. A greater proportion of early hybrids passed through dams upstream towards the invasion front than did other hybrids and parental species. \n4.\tThe movements and environmental cues for movement of late-generation backcrosses (more genetically similar to parental genotype) were not different from the parental species with which they shared the most alleles. Although the direction of the relationship between movement and environment was sometimes different for the parental species and associated advanced generation hybrids, these results indicate that management for parental species will also affect most hybrids. \n5.\tAlthough early generation hybrids are rare, our results indicate they may disperse towards low-density population zones (i.e., invasion fronts) or are produced at greater frequency in low density areas. These rare hybrids have the potential to produce a variety of unique genetic combinations that could result in more rapid adaptation of a non-native population to their invaded range potentially facilitating the establishment of invasive species.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/fwb.13461","usgsCitation":"Coulter, A.A., Brey, M.K., Lamer, J.T., Whitledge, G.W., and Garvey, J.E., 2019, Early generation hybrids may drive range expansion of two invasive fishes: Freshwater Biology, v. 65, no. 4, p. 716-730, https://doi.org/10.1111/fwb.13461.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"716","endPage":"730","ipdsId":"IP-107115","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":373005,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-89.366031,42.500274],[-88.786681,42.491983],[-88.115285,42.496219],[-87.800561,42.49192],[-87.79823,42.473054],[-87.80537,42.384721],[-87.820858,42.361584],[-87.834769,42.301522],[-87.828569,42.269922],[-87.800066,42.208024],[-87.741662,42.128227],[-87.712206,42.096455],[-87.682359,42.075729],[-87.671462,42.058334],[-87.668982,42.029142],[-87.630953,41.933132],[-87.624052,41.904232],[-87.611659,41.892216],[-87.616537,41.882396],[-87.616251,41.868933],[-87.60945,41.845233],[-87.600549,41.826833],[-87.580948,41.804334],[-87.576347,41.786034],[-87.560646,41.766034],[-87.542845,41.752135],[-87.530745,41.748235],[-87.524141,41.72399],[-87.526376,40.491574],[-87.533227,39.883127],[-87.531646,39.347888],[-87.544013,39.352907],[-87.5544,39.340488],[-87.578331,39.340343],[-87.589084,39.333831],[-87.600397,39.312904],[-87.597545,39.296388],[-87.61005,39.282232],[-87.605543,39.261122],[-87.593486,39.247452],[-87.583535,39.243579],[-87.574558,39.218404],[-87.588614,39.197824],[-87.620796,39.17479],[-87.640435,39.166727],[-87.64599,39.1449],[-87.643145,39.128562],[-87.632245,39.118702],[-87.630376,39.104305],[-87.619134,39.100557],[-87.613513,39.085568],[-87.596373,39.079639],[-87.572588,39.057286],[-87.575027,39.034062],[-87.569696,39.019413],[-87.579117,39.001607],[-87.578319,38.988786],[-87.529496,38.971925],[-87.512187,38.954417],[-87.518826,38.923205],[-87.527645,38.907688],[-87.544089,38.895093],[-87.553384,38.863344],[-87.525893,38.848795],[-87.521681,38.826576],[-87.527342,38.818121],[-87.496537,38.778571],[-87.496494,38.742728],[-87.516707,38.716333],[-87.519609,38.697198],[-87.531231,38.684036],[-87.593678,38.667402],[-87.62012,38.639489],[-87.627348,38.60544],[-87.62389,38.593984],[-87.637752,38.588512],[-87.651529,38.568166],[-87.650704,38.55624],[-87.660732,38.541092],[-87.653802,38.517382],[-87.657084,38.507169],[-87.714047,38.47988],[-87.739522,38.475069],[-87.74317,38.459019],[-87.730134,38.446518],[-87.74104,38.435576],[-87.745254,38.408996],[-87.779996,38.370842],[-87.806075,38.363143],[-87.822721,38.346912],[-87.832723,38.324853],[-87.831972,38.307241],[-87.838243,38.29375],[-87.853046,38.289264],[-87.875476,38.301376],[-87.88041,38.299581],[-87.887849,38.285299],[-87.908223,38.274012],[-87.92168,38.289712],[-87.928858,38.292404],[-87.938727,38.289264],[-87.952125,38.273763],[-87.945904,38.256966],[-87.950838,38.247097],[-87.960225,38.237118],[-87.975511,38.232742],[-87.982688,38.221527],[-87.984234,38.20996],[-87.975819,38.197834],[-87.9595,38.184376],[-87.928858,38.168594],[-87.922577,38.160071],[-87.92168,38.148407],[-87.945472,38.126616],[-87.974272,38.121981],[-87.999734,38.100857],[-87.998389,38.090091],[-87.984931,38.069008],[-87.990314,38.056447],[-88.020369,38.046578],[-88.02979,38.025046],[-88.012574,37.977062],[-88.012929,37.966544],[-88.036124,37.942746],[-88.044145,37.926805],[-88.031584,37.901685],[-88.033378,37.894059],[-88.054462,37.877461],[-88.058499,37.865349],[-88.053116,37.847854],[-88.043247,37.836639],[-88.051771,37.813761],[-88.045939,37.807481],[-88.029382,37.803601],[-88.02803,37.799224],[-88.035827,37.791917],[-88.042602,37.76712],[-88.059588,37.742608],[-88.122412,37.709685],[-88.151646,37.675098],[-88.160187,37.657592],[-88.156827,37.632801],[-88.142225,37.603737],[-88.139973,37.586451],[-88.13341,37.574273],[-88.105585,37.55618],[-88.088049,37.535124],[-88.069018,37.525297],[-88.061342,37.505327],[-88.064234,37.484548],[-88.072386,37.483563],[-88.087664,37.471059],[-88.132628,37.471555],[-88.281667,37.452596],[-88.312585,37.440591],[-88.333183,37.42721],[-88.348405,37.410726],[-88.365471,37.401663],[-88.408808,37.425216],[-88.450127,37.411717],[-88.470224,37.396255],[-88.476592,37.386875],[-88.484462,37.345609],[-88.515939,37.284043],[-88.506942,37.266656],[-88.509328,37.26213],[-88.487277,37.244077],[-88.471753,37.220155],[-88.447764,37.203527],[-88.431488,37.160298],[-88.424403,37.152428],[-88.444605,37.098601],[-88.458948,37.073796],[-88.504437,37.065265],[-88.545403,37.070003],[-88.576718,37.085852],[-88.589207,37.099655],[-88.625889,37.119458],[-88.693983,37.141155],[-88.732105,37.143956],[-88.80572,37.188595],[-88.916934,37.224291],[-88.942111,37.228811],[-88.98326,37.228685],[-89.029981,37.211144],[-89.076221,37.175125],[-89.092934,37.156439],[-89.111189,37.119052],[-89.134931,37.103278],[-89.14132,37.093865],[-89.154504,37.088907],[-89.168087,37.074218],[-89.181369,37.046305],[-89.178975,37.020928],[-89.166447,37.003337],[-89.132685,36.9822],[-89.170008,36.970298],[-89.185491,36.973518],[-89.192097,36.979995],[-89.200793,37.016164],[-89.234053,37.037277],[-89.25493,37.072014],[-89.259936,37.064071],[-89.307726,37.069654],[-89.310819,37.057897],[-89.304752,37.047565],[-89.277715,37.03614],[-89.260003,37.023288],[-89.257608,37.015496],[-89.263527,37.00005],[-89.278628,36.98867],[-89.29213,36.992189],[-89.322982,37.01609],[-89.378277,37.039605],[-89.385434,37.05513],[-89.375712,37.080505],[-89.37871,37.094586],[-89.38805,37.107481],[-89.41173,37.122507],[-89.42558,37.138235],[-89.461862,37.199517],[-89.4675,37.221844],[-89.458246,37.247066],[-89.470525,37.253357],[-89.488728,37.251507],[-89.517032,37.28192],[-89.511842,37.310825],[-89.489005,37.333368],[-89.447556,37.340475],[-89.432836,37.347056],[-89.421054,37.387668],[-89.439769,37.4372],[-89.475525,37.471388],[-89.516447,37.535558],[-89.521925,37.560735],[-89.519808,37.582748],[-89.486062,37.580853],[-89.477548,37.585885],[-89.475932,37.592998],[-89.517718,37.641217],[-89.51204,37.680985],[-89.516685,37.692762],[-89.531427,37.700334],[-89.583316,37.713261],[-89.596566,37.732886],[-89.615586,37.74235],[-89.615933,37.748184],[-89.64953,37.745498],[-89.663352,37.750052],[-89.667993,37.759484],[-89.66038,37.786296],[-89.669644,37.799922],[-89.71748,37.825724],[-89.739873,37.84693],[-89.754104,37.846358],[-89.779828,37.853896],[-89.786369,37.851734],[-89.80036,37.868625],[-89.798041,37.879655],[-89.842649,37.905196],[-89.862949,37.896906],[-89.881475,37.879591],[-89.901832,37.869822],[-89.923185,37.870672],[-89.950594,37.881526],[-89.973642,37.917661],[-89.974918,37.926719],[-89.959646,37.940196],[-89.947429,37.940336],[-89.932467,37.947497],[-89.925085,37.960021],[-89.933797,37.959143],[-89.942099,37.970121],[-89.997103,37.963225],[-90.03241,37.995258],[-90.051357,38.003584],[-90.057269,38.014362],[-90.08826,38.015772],[-90.11052,38.026547],[-90.126194,38.040702],[-90.126396,38.054897],[-90.130788,38.062341],[-90.158533,38.074735],[-90.17222,38.069636],[-90.218708,38.094365],[-90.243116,38.112669],[-90.274928,38.157615],[-90.290765,38.170453],[-90.331554,38.18758],[-90.356176,38.217501],[-90.373929,38.281853],[-90.370819,38.333554],[-90.349743,38.377609],[-90.295316,38.426753],[-90.285215,38.443453],[-90.260314,38.528352],[-90.224212,38.575051],[-90.196011,38.594451],[-90.18451,38.611551],[-90.17801,38.63375],[-90.18111,38.65955],[-90.18641,38.67475],[-90.20921,38.70275],[-90.21141,38.72135],[-90.20521,38.73215],[-90.176309,38.754449],[-90.166409,38.772649],[-90.123107,38.798048],[-90.109107,38.837448],[-90.113327,38.849306],[-90.19521,38.886748],[-90.223041,38.907389],[-90.250248,38.919344],[-90.309454,38.92412],[-90.395816,38.960037],[-90.440078,38.967364],[-90.450792,38.967764],[-90.472122,38.958838],[-90.482419,38.94446],[-90.486974,38.925982],[-90.500117,38.910408],[-90.54403,38.87505],[-90.583388,38.86903],[-90.628485,38.891617],[-90.639917,38.908272],[-90.663372,38.928042],[-90.675949,38.96214],[-90.678193,38.991851],[-90.713629,39.053977],[-90.682744,39.088348],[-90.681086,39.10059],[-90.686051,39.117785],[-90.707902,39.15086],[-90.717113,39.213912],[-90.72996,39.255894],[-90.751599,39.265432],[-90.793461,39.309498],[-90.816851,39.320496],[-90.8475,39.345272],[-90.893777,39.367343],[-90.904862,39.379403],[-90.928745,39.387544],[-90.940766,39.403984],[-90.993789,39.422959],[-91.03827,39.448436],[-91.059439,39.46886],[-91.064305,39.494643],[-91.079769,39.507728],[-91.100307,39.538695],[-91.153628,39.548248],[-91.168419,39.564928],[-91.174232,39.591975],[-91.181936,39.602677],[-91.229317,39.620853],[-91.27614,39.665759],[-91.302485,39.679631],[-91.367753,39.729029],[-91.369953,39.745042],[-91.365125,39.758723],[-91.363444,39.792804],[-91.377971,39.811273],[-91.432919,39.840554],[-91.446385,39.870394],[-91.443513,39.893583],[-91.420878,39.914865],[-91.41936,39.927717],[-91.463683,39.981845],[-91.494878,40.036453],[-91.489606,40.057435],[-91.509245,40.121876],[-91.511749,40.147091],[-91.508324,40.156326],[-91.513079,40.178537],[-91.504477,40.198262],[-91.505828,40.238839],[-91.490524,40.259498],[-91.492727,40.278217],[-91.46214,40.342414],[-91.439342,40.366569],[-91.415695,40.381381],[-91.381958,40.387632],[-91.372921,40.399108],[-91.373721,40.417891],[-91.381769,40.442555],[-91.364915,40.484168],[-91.364211,40.500043],[-91.384531,40.530948],[-91.404125,40.539127],[-91.405241,40.554641],[-91.379752,40.57445],[-91.359873,40.601805],[-91.339719,40.613488],[-91.306524,40.626231],[-91.253074,40.637962],[-91.18698,40.637297],[-91.123928,40.669152],[-91.110927,40.703262],[-91.115735,40.725168],[-91.110424,40.745528],[-91.091703,40.779708],[-91.097649,40.805575],[-91.092993,40.821079],[-91.05643,40.848387],[-91.044653,40.868356],[-91.021562,40.884021],[-91.009536,40.900565],[-90.962916,40.924957],[-90.952233,40.954047],[-90.958142,40.979767],[-90.945949,41.006495],[-90.942253,41.034702],[-90.94899,41.07025],[-90.946259,41.094734],[-90.99496,41.160624],[-91.007586,41.166183],[-91.027214,41.163373],[-91.041536,41.166138],[-91.07298,41.207151],[-91.112333,41.239003],[-91.114186,41.250029],[-91.08688,41.294371],[-91.074841,41.305578],[-91.06652,41.365246],[-91.05158,41.385283],[-91.04589,41.414085],[-91.027787,41.423603],[-90.979815,41.434321],[-90.930016,41.421404],[-90.846558,41.455141],[-90.750142,41.449632],[-90.655839,41.462132],[-90.605937,41.494232],[-90.602137,41.506032],[-90.595237,41.511032],[-90.567236,41.517532],[-90.556235,41.524232],[-90.540935,41.526133],[-90.500633,41.518033],[-90.461432,41.523533],[-90.41283,41.565333],[-90.343228,41.587833],[-90.339528,41.598633],[-90.343452,41.646959],[-90.334525,41.679559],[-90.313435,41.698082],[-90.317668,41.72269],[-90.310708,41.742214],[-90.278633,41.767358],[-90.181973,41.80707],[-90.181901,41.843216],[-90.153584,41.906614],[-90.152659,41.933058],[-90.163847,41.944934],[-90.164135,41.956178],[-90.146225,41.981329],[-90.140061,42.003252],[-90.150916,42.02944],[-90.163446,42.040407],[-90.168358,42.075779],[-90.161504,42.098912],[-90.162895,42.116718],[-90.17097,42.125198],[-90.190452,42.125779],[-90.201404,42.130937],[-90.207421,42.149109],[-90.216107,42.15673],[-90.250129,42.171469],[-90.282173,42.178846],[-90.328273,42.201047],[-90.356964,42.205445],[-90.391108,42.225473],[-90.400653,42.239293],[-90.419326,42.254467],[-90.430884,42.27823],[-90.415937,42.322699],[-90.419027,42.328505],[-90.477279,42.383794],[-90.555018,42.416138],[-90.560439,42.432897],[-90.567968,42.440389],[-90.606328,42.451505],[-90.646727,42.471904],[-90.654027,42.478503],[-90.656527,42.489203],[-90.640927,42.508302],[-90.07367,42.508275],[-89.366031,42.500274]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Illinois\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"65","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-12-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coulter, Alison A.","contributorId":187652,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coulter","given":"Alison","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":784139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brey, Marybeth K. 0000-0003-4403-9655 mbrey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4403-9655","contributorId":187651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brey","given":"Marybeth","email":"mbrey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":784138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lamer, James T. 0000-0003-1155-1548","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1155-1548","contributorId":196307,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lamer","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":48847,"text":"Illinois River Biological Station, Illinois Natural History Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":784140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Whitledge, Gregory W.","contributorId":205604,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whitledge","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":32417,"text":"Southern Illinois University-Carbondale","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":784141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Garvey, James E.","contributorId":178007,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garvey","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":784142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70208191,"text":"70208191 - 2019 - The status of mussel health assessment and a path forward","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-29T19:49:22","indexId":"70208191","displayToPublicDate":"2019-12-19T19:46:18","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5254,"text":"Freshwater Mollusk Biology and Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The status of mussel health assessment and a path forward","docAbstract":"Declines of freshwater mussel (order Unionida) populations worldwide are attributed to habitat degradation, pollution, and invasive species, among other factors. However, these purported causes do not fully explain the enigmatic decline and large-scale die-offs of mussels that have occurred in assumedly “healthy” streams across a wide geographic region. The roles of the microbiota and pathogens in mussel health has been understudied, and, as a result, few references exist to compare the microbiota of healthy mussels to that of stressed or dying mussels. Captive propagation and stocking programs have expanded across the globe without standard diagnostic protocols to assess health or potential diseases in hatchery-reared or wild stocks. Introduction of nonindigenous species, contaminants of emerging concern and anthropogenic climate change could adversely alter underlying variables that support mussel health such as nutrient and microbial composition, in addition to increased risk for outbreaks of opportunistic disease and emergent diseases in freshwater mussel populations. We suggest a coordinated, collaborative, and multidisciplinary effort to advance methods for assessing freshwater mussel health. We identify research and resources needed to answer central questions surrounding mussel health including identifying potential agents of disease, defining clinical signs of declining condition, refining stress-specific biomarkers for health assessment, and developing protocols specific for mussels.","language":"English","publisher":"BioONE","doi":"10.31931/fmbc.v22i2.2019.26-42","usgsCitation":"Waller, D.L., and Cope, G., 2019, The status of mussel health assessment and a path forward: Freshwater Mollusk Biology and Conservation, v. 22, no. 2, p. 26-42, https://doi.org/10.31931/fmbc.v22i2.2019.26-42.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"26","endPage":"42","ipdsId":"IP-104665","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":458915,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.31931/fmbc.v22i2.2019.26-42","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":371749,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waller, Diane L. 0000-0002-6104-810X dwaller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6104-810X","contributorId":5272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waller","given":"Diane","email":"dwaller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":780888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cope, Greg","contributorId":221994,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cope","given":"Greg","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":780889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70208346,"text":"70208346 - 2019 - A novel picorna-like virus in a Wabash Pigtoe (Fusconaia flava) from the upper Mississippi River, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-22T21:10:26.952224","indexId":"70208346","displayToPublicDate":"2019-12-19T16:34:23","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5254,"text":"Freshwater Mollusk Biology and Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"A novel picorna-like virus in a Wabash Pigtoe (Fusconaia flava) from the upper Mississippi River, USA","title":"A novel picorna-like virus in a Wabash Pigtoe (Fusconaia flava) from the upper Mississippi River, USA","docAbstract":"Unionid mussels are threatened by multiple environmental stressors and have experienced mass mortality events over the last several decades, but the role of infectious disease in unionid health and population declines remains poorly understood. Although several microbial agents have been found in unionids, to date only one virus has been documented—Lea plague virus (Arenaviridae) in propagated Triangle Shell mussels (Hyriopsis cumingii) in China. We used next-generation DNA sequencing to screen hemolymph of seven individuals of five unionid species from the Upper Mississippi River basin, USA for viruses. We identified the complete polyprotein gene of a novel picornalike virus in one individual of the Wabash Pigtoe (Fusconaia flava). The virus is a member of the Nora virus clade of picornalike viruses and is most closely related to viruses from arthropods in China. We did not detect viruses in another Wabash Pigtoe or in animals of the other four species. It is premature to make inferences about the role of this virus in the health of Wabash Pigtoes or other unionid species or the origin or transmission of this virus. Nevertheless, to our knowledge, our results represent the first report of a virus in wild North American unionids. Technologies based on next-generation DNA sequencing should prove useful for identifying new viruses and investigating their role in unionid health and disease.
","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.31931/fmbc.v22i2.2019.81–84","usgsCitation":"Goldberg, T., Dunn, C.N., Leis, E., and Waller, D.L., 2019, A novel picorna-like virus in a Wabash Pigtoe (Fusconaia flava) from the upper Mississippi River, USA: Freshwater Mollusk Biology and Conservation, v. 22, no. 2, p. 81-84, https://doi.org/10.31931/fmbc.v22i2.2019.81–84.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"84","ipdsId":"IP-104237","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":372104,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":372056,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://bioone.org/journals/freshwater-mollusk-biology-and-conservation/volume-22/issue-2/fmbc.v22i2.2019.81%E2%80%9384/A-Novel-Picorna-Like-Virus-in-a-Wabash-Pigtoe-Fusconaia/10.31931/fmbc.v22i2.2019.81%E2%80%9384.full"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"La Crosse River, Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.07774376869202,\n 43.91427974619461\n ],\n [\n -91.07584476470946,\n 43.91427974619461\n ],\n [\n -91.07584476470946,\n 43.9152149261148\n ],\n [\n -91.07774376869202,\n 43.9152149261148\n ],\n [\n -91.07774376869202,\n 43.91427974619461\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.27235412597656,\n 43.691707903073805\n ],\n [\n -91.256046295166,\n 43.691707903073805\n ],\n [\n -91.256046295166,\n 43.71541065270114\n ],\n [\n -91.27235412597656,\n 43.71541065270114\n ],\n [\n -91.27235412597656,\n 43.691707903073805\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goldberg, Tony","contributorId":211788,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goldberg","given":"Tony","affiliations":[{"id":38319,"text":"UW Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":781524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunn, Christopher N.","contributorId":195552,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dunn","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":781525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leis, Eric","contributorId":179325,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leis","given":"Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":781526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Waller, Diane L. 0000-0002-6104-810X dwaller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6104-810X","contributorId":5272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waller","given":"Diane","email":"dwaller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":781523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70203334,"text":"sir20195038 - 2019 - Estimation of groundwater flow through Yucca Flat based on a multiple-well aquifer test at well ER-6–1–2 main, Nevada National Security Site, southern Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-19T16:54:16","indexId":"sir20195038","displayToPublicDate":"2019-12-19T14:24:46","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2019-5038","displayTitle":"Estimation of Groundwater Flow Through Yucca Flat Based on a Multiple-Well Aquifer Test at Well ER-6-1-2 Main, Nevada National Security Site, Southern Nevada","title":"Estimation of groundwater flow through Yucca Flat based on a multiple-well aquifer test at well ER-6–1–2 main, Nevada National Security Site, southern Nevada","docAbstract":"The rate of groundwater flow past underground nuclear testing areas in Yucca Flat at the Nevada National Security Site, southern Nevada, was estimated using results from the ER-6-1-2 main multiple-well aquifer test (MWAT), done during February 5–July 23, 2004. Drawdowns in 13 observation wells were evaluated from pumping in well ER-6-1-2 main and used as observations in a regional groundwater-flow model to estimate the groundwater-flow rate. Flow from southern Yucca Flat regionally was constrained by detecting drawdown in Tracer Well 3, which is 33 miles south-southwest of pumping well ER-6-1-2 main. Predevelopment flow, the ER-6-1-2 main MWAT, and regional groundwater pumping were simulated in separate models that jointly informed estimates of transmissivity and specific-yield distributions. Predevelopment flow constrained groundwater-flow estimates from southern Yucca Flat because the steady-state model correctly simulated regional groundwater discharges in the Ash Meadows groundwater basin and the surrounding basins. Less than 600 acre-feet per year of groundwater moves from underground nuclear testing areas and flows south of well ER-6-1-2 main in southern Yucca Flat.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20195038","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Environmental Management, National Nuclear Security Administration, Nevada Site Office, under Interagency Agreement DE-EM0004969","usgsCitation":"Jackson, T.R., and Halford, K.J., 2019, Estimation of groundwater flow through Yucca Flat based on a multiple-well aquifer test at well ER-6–1–2 main, Nevada National Security Site, southern Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2019–5038, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20195038.\n","productDescription":"Report: vi, 27 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-098808","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370390,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5038/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":370391,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2019/5038/sir20195038.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.99 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2019–5038"},{"id":370392,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9U2WG04","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Supplemental data for estimation of groundwater flow through Yucca Flat based on a multiple-well aquifer test at well ER-6–1–2 main, Nevada National Security Site, southern Nevada"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Nevada National Security Site","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.633333,\n 37.283333\n ],\n [\n -116.633333,\n 36.966667\n ],\n [\n -116.45,\n 36.966667\n ],\n [\n -116.45,\n 37.283333\n ],\n [\n -116.633333,\n 37.283333\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Nevada Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2730 N. Deer Run Road
Carson City, Nevada 95819
The clade comprising the soricid tribes Blarinellini (Blarinella) and Blarinini (Blarina and Cryptotis) is notable within the Soricidae (Eulipotyphla) for the large proportion of reportedly semifossorial species. To better define locomotor modes among species in these two tribes, we quantified purported locomotor adaptations by calculating 23 functional indices from postcranial measurements obtained from museum specimens of Blarina and Blarinella and published measurements for 16 species of Cryptotis. We then analyzed relative ambulatory–fossorial function of each species using principal component analyses and mean percentile rank (MPR) analysis of the indices. Species within the Blarinellini–Blarinini clade exhibit a graded series of morphologies with four primary functional groupings that we classified as “ambulatory,” “intermediate,” “semifossorial,” and “fossorial.” To obtain a preliminary overview of evolution of locomotor modes in this group, we mapped MPRs on a composite phylogeny and examined the resulting patterns. That analysis revealed that the most recent common ancestor of the Blarinellini–Blarinini clade most likely had an intermediate or semifossorial locomotor morphology. Individual subclades subsequently evolved either more ambulatory or more fossorial morphologies. Hence, evolution of locomotor traits within this clade is complex. Multiple shifts in locomotor mode likely occurred, and no single directional tendency is apparent either among the major modes or in levels of complexity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic Press","doi":"10.1093/jmammal/gyz098","usgsCitation":"Woodman, N., and Wilken, A.T., 2019, Comparative functional skeletal morphology among three genera of shrews: Implications for the evolution of locomotor behavior in the Soricinae (Eulipotyphla: Soricidae): Journal of Mammalogy, v. 100, no. 6, p. 1750-1764, https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyz098.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1750","endPage":"1764","ipdsId":"IP-108146","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":458923,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyz098","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":370666,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"100","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-12-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodman, Neal 0000-0003-2689-7373 nwoodman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2689-7373","contributorId":3547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodman","given":"Neal","email":"nwoodman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilken, Alec T.","contributorId":217703,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilken","given":"Alec","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":39687,"text":"University of Missouri, Columbia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":778389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70205733,"text":"fs20193053 - 2019 - Assessment of coal resources and reserves in the Little Snake River coal field and Red Desert assessment area, Greater Green River Basin, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-19T21:19:35.302655","indexId":"fs20193053","displayToPublicDate":"2019-12-19T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2019-3053","displayTitle":"Assessment of Coal Resources and Reserves in the Little Snake River Coal Field and Red Desert Assessment Area, Greater Green River Basin, Wyoming","title":"Assessment of coal resources and reserves in the Little Snake River coal field and Red Desert assessment area, Greater Green River Basin, Wyoming","docAbstract":"The assessment of the Little Snake River coal field and Red Desert area covers approximately 2,300 square miles in the eastern portion of the Greater Green River Basin in south-central Wyoming. Coal-bearing formations are present throughout the Eocene, Paleocene, and Cretaceous strata in the assessment area. Paleogene-age coal beds are present in the Eocene Wasatch Formation and Paleocene Fort Union Formation. Cretaceous-age coal beds are present in the Lance, Almond, and Allen Ridge Formations. Utilizing over 4,000 data points, 55 individual coal beds were identified in the assessment area. Coal resources were calculated using geologic models generated from these data points, using criteria for minimum thickness and areal extent. The geologic modeling criteria indicated that 33 of the 55 individual coal beds had sufficient thickness and areal extent to be economically significant. Calculated original coal resources within the assessment area were approximately 73.2 billion short tons (BST). After excluding coal resources lost due to land use and technical restrictions, recoverable coal resources were approximately 19.37 BST, including 2.14 BST of coal resources that could be extracted using surface mining methods and 17.23 BST of coal resources that could be extracted using underground mining methods. Due to mining costs and projected low potential sales value of the coal resources, only approximately 167 million short tons (MST) can be classified as reserves, which is less than 1 percent of the recoverable coal resources
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20193053","usgsCitation":"Shaffer, B.N., Pierce, P.E., Kinney, S.A., Olea, R., and Luppens, J.A., 2019, Assessment of coal resources and reserves in the Little Snake River coal field and Red Desert assessment area, Greater Green River Basin, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2019–3053, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20193053.","productDescription":"6 p.","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-109360","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370380,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2019/3053/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":370382,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1836","text":"Coal Geology and Assessment of Resources and Reserves in the Little Snake River Coal Field and Red Desert Assessment Area, Greater Green River Basin, Wyoming"},{"id":370381,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2019/3053/fs20193053.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2019-3053"},{"id":399136,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_109583.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Little Snake River coal field, Red Desert assessment area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.35,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -107.3333,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -107.3333,\n 42.1078\n ],\n [\n -108.35,\n 42.1078\n ],\n [\n -108.35,\n 41\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Energy Resources Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-939
Denver, CO 80225-0046
The U.S. Geological Survey is studying regional-scale assessments of resources and reserves of primary coal beds in the major coal bed basins in the United States to help formulate policy for Federal, State, and local energy and land use. This report summarizes the geology and coal resources and reserves in the Little Snake River coal field and Red Desert assessment area in the Greater Green River Basin, southwestern Wyoming. These areas are contiguous and referred to as the “assessment area” in this report. The assessment area covers about 2,300 square miles of the eastern section of the 15,400-square-mile Greater Green River Basin. This area was prioritized for assessment because no comprehensive resource assessment had previously been completed in the area; abundant, previously unavailable drill hole data from cooperators and stakeholders became available; and there are active coal mines in the Greater Green River Basin area producing from some of the same formations as those found in the assessment area.
Coal-bearing Eocene, Paleocene, and Upper Cretaceous formations have a composite thickness of more than 11,000 feet in the assessment area. Stratigraphic sequences that contain multiple coal beds within a formation or member are referred to as coal zones in this report. Paleogene coal beds are found within coal zones in the Eocene Wasatch Formation and the Paleocene Fort Union Formation. Cretaceous coal beds are within coal zones in the Lance, Almond, and Allen Ridge Formations.
A total of 4,214 drill holes and measured sections were used to construct a geologic database for this assessment. From these data, 7 coal zones containing 55 individual coal beds were identified. Not all 55 coal beds were assessed; only those beds that were at least 3 feet thick and had at least a 2-square-mile areal extent were considered. Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated original, available, and recoverable coal resources for 33 coal beds that met those criteria.
An original resource of 73.2 billion short tons of coal was calculated for the 33 coal beds that met the criteria in the assessment area. To be considered extractable by surface mining methods, coal beds had to be equal to or greater than 3 feet thick and less than 300 feet deep. Of the 73.2 billion short tons (BST), 19.3 BST were determined to be recoverable resources, of which approximately 2.1 BST were considered as recoverable resources by surface mining methods at a stripping ratio of 10:1 or less. (defined as recoverable resources for this assessment, based on economic modeling and regional mining analogs). Recoverable resources for underground mining methods (coal 8 to 15 feet thick and between 300 and 3,000 feet deep) totaled 17.2 BST. Out of the 19.3 BST assessed as recoverable coal resources, approximately 167 million short tons (MST) were considered to be reserves.
Within the 7 coal zones, the Wasatch coal zone contains an original resource of about 6.8 BST billion short tons of coal, of which 2.6 BST are considered a recoverable resource and approximately 26.7 MST are considered reserves. The Overland coal zone, in the Fort Union Formation, contains an original resource of approximately 23 BST of coal, of which 8.4 BST are considered a recoverable resource and approximately 74 MST are considered reserves. The China Butte coal zone, in the Fort Union Formation, contains an original resource of 36.2 BST of coal, of which 6.3 BST are considered a recoverable resource and approximately 5.5 MST are considered reserves. The Almond coal zone, in the Almond Formation, contains an original resource of 7.0 BST, of which approximately 2.0 BST are considered a recoverable resource and 61 MST are considered reserves. Resources were not calculated for the coal zones within the Niland Tongue of the Wasatch Formation or the Cretaceous Lance and Allen Ridge Formations because the coal beds in those zones are relatively thin, discontinuous, and have a limited areal extent.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1836","usgsCitation":"Scott, D.C., Shaffer, B.N., Haacke, J.E., Pierce, P.E., and Kinney, S.A., 2019, Coal geology and assessment of resources and reserves in the Little Snake River coal field and Red Desert assessment area, Greater Green River Basin, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1836, 169 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1836.","productDescription":"xiii, 169 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-077210","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370383,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20193053","text":"Assessment of Coal Resources and Reserves in the Little Snake River Coal Field and Red Desert Assessment Area, Greater Green River Basin, Wyoming"},{"id":356626,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1836/pp1836.pdf","text":"Report","size":"32.0 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"PP 1836"},{"id":356625,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1836/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.02783203125,\n 43.14909399920127\n ],\n [\n -111.07177734375,\n 41.02964338716638\n ],\n [\n -108.3251953125,\n 40.9964840143779\n ],\n [\n -106.8310546875,\n 41.02964338716638\n ],\n [\n -105.380859375,\n 41.04621681452063\n ],\n [\n -104.9853515625,\n 41.47566020027821\n ],\n [\n -107.24853515625,\n 42.90816007196054\n ],\n [\n -109.09423828125,\n 43.8028187190472\n ],\n [\n -110.9619140625,\n 43.8503744993026\n ],\n [\n -111.02783203125,\n 43.14909399920127\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Energy Resources Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-939
Denver, CO 80225-0046
Wildfires destabilize biocrust, requiring decades for most biological constituents to regenerate, but bacteria may recover quickly and mitigate the detrimental consequences of burnt soils. To evaluate the short-term recovery of biocrust bacteria, we tracked shifts in bacterial community form and function in Cyanobacteria/lichen-dominated (shrub interspaces) and Cyanobacteria/moss-dominated (beneath Artemisia tridentata) biocrusts 1 week, 2 months, and 1 year following a large-scale burn manipulations in a cold desert (Utah, USA). We found no evidence of the burned bacterial community recovering to a burgeoning biocrust. The foundational biocrust phyla, Cyanobacteria, dominated by Microcoleus viginatus (Microcoleaceae), disappeared from burned soils creating communities void of photosynthetic taxa. One year after the fire, the burned biocrust constituents had eroded away and the bare soils supported the formation of a convergent community of chemoheterotrophic copiotrophs regardless of location. The emergent community was dominated by a previously rare Planococcus species (family Planococcaceae, Firmicutes) and taxa in the Cellulomonadaceae (Actinobacteria), and Oxalobacteraceae (Betaproteobacteria). Previously burnt soils maintained similar levels of bacterial biomass, alpha diversity, and richness as unburned biocrusts, but supported diffuse, poorly-interconnected communities with 75% fewer species interactions. Nitrogen fixation declined at least 3.5-fold in the burnt soils but ammonium concentrations continued to rise through the year, suggesting that the exhaustion of organic C released from the fire, and not N, may diminish the longevity of the emergent community. Our results demonstrate that biocrust bacteria may recover rapidly after burning, albeit along a different community trajectory, as rare bacteria become dominant, species interconnectedness diminishes, and ecosystem services fail to rebound.