This book is focused on studies of vegetation on Earth using hyperspectral remote sensing methods. However, it is appropriate to extend the application of these methods out to other rocky bodies in our Solar System for a variety of reasons. First, minerals, soils, and rocks form the substrate on which vegetation grows on Earth. Compositional analyses of these components with hyperspectral data provide essential background information for distinguishing, identifying, and removing their effects on vegetation spectra. Second, variation in distribution, chemical and physical properties among soil and rock, has been demonstrated to have a significant effect on factors such as moisture retention, dust production, and the presence and distribution of biological species ranging from bacteria, fungi, grasses, shrubs, trees, and small mammals to humans [1]. These factors in turn can have profound influences on human health.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hyperspectral remote sensing of vegetation","language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","isbn":"9781439845370","usgsCitation":"Vaughan, R., Titus, T.N., Johnson, J., Hagerty, J., Gaddis, L.R., Soderblom, L.A., and Geissler, P.E., 2011, Hyperspectral analysis of rocky surfaces on the Earth and other planetary systems: Chapter 27, chap. 27 of Hyperspectral remote sensing of vegetation, p. 637-660.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"637","endPage":"660","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-067024","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324089,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":324088,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.crcpress.com/Hyperspectral-Remote-Sensing-of-Vegetation/Thenkabail-Lyon-Huete/p/book/9781439845370"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576a653ee4b07657d1a11dca","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Thenkabail, Prasad S. 0000-0002-2182-8822 pthenkabail@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2182-8822","contributorId":570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thenkabail","given":"Prasad","email":"pthenkabail@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640016,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lyon, John G.","contributorId":38044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyon","given":"John G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640017,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huete, Alfredo","contributorId":48337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huete","given":"Alfredo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640018,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Vaughan, R. Greg gvaughan@usgs.gov","contributorId":149412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaughan","given":"R. Greg","email":"gvaughan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":639729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Titus, Timothy N. 0000-0003-0700-4875 ttitus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0700-4875","contributorId":146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titus","given":"Timothy","email":"ttitus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":639730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Jeffery R","contributorId":172147,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Jeffery R","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hagerty, Justin 0000-0003-3800-7948 jhagerty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3800-7948","contributorId":911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagerty","given":"Justin","email":"jhagerty@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":639732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gaddis, Lisa R. 0000-0001-9953-5483 lgaddis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9953-5483","contributorId":2817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaddis","given":"Lisa","email":"lgaddis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":639733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Soderblom, Laurence A. 0000-0002-0917-853X lsoderblom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0917-853X","contributorId":2721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"Laurence","email":"lsoderblom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":639734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Geissler, Paul E. pgeissler@usgs.gov","contributorId":2811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geissler","given":"Paul","email":"pgeissler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":639735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70003709,"text":"70003709 - 2011 - Population demographics of catostomids in large river ecosystems: effects of discharge and temperature on recruitment dynamics and growth","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-05T13:38:30","indexId":"70003709","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population demographics of catostomids in large river ecosystems: effects of discharge and temperature on recruitment dynamics and growth","docAbstract":"Catostomids are among the most widespread and ecologically important groups of fishes in North America, particularly in large river systems. Despite their importance, little information is available on their population demographics and even less is known about factors influencing their population dynamics. The objectives of this study were to describe annual mortality, recruitment variation, and growth of eight catostomid species, and to evaluate the effects of discharge and temperature on year-class strength and growth in Iowa rivers. Catostomids were sampled from 3-km reaches in four nonwadable rivers during June–August 2009. Northern hogsucker, Hypentelium nigricans, golden redhorse, Moxostoma erythrurum, and shorthead redhorse, M. macrolepidotum, typically lived 6–8 years, had very stable recruitment, and had high total annual mortality (i.e., 40–60%). Golden redhorse exhibited the fastest growth of all species. Growth of northern hogsucker and shorthead redhorse was intermediate to the other catostomids. Highfin carpsucker, Carpiodes velifer, quillback, Carpiodes cyprinus, and white sucker, Catostomus commersonii, had high growth rates, low mortality (i.e., 25–30%), and relatively stable recruitment. River carpsucker, Carpiodes carpio, and silver redhorse, M. anisurum, had higher maximum ages (up to age 11), slower growth, lower total annual mortality (20–25%), and higher recruitment variability than the other species. Neither discharge nor temperature was strongly related to recruitment of catostomids. In contrast, several interesting patterns were observed with regard to growth. Species (e.g., carpsuckers, Carpiodes spp.) that typically consume prey items most common in fine substrates (e.g., chironomids) had higher growth rates in reaches dominated by sand and silt substrate. Species (e.g., northern hogsucker) that consume prey associated with large substrates (e.g., plecopterans) had much faster growth in reaches with a high proportion of rocky substrates. Temperature was weakly related to growth of catostomids; however, discharge explained a substantial amount of the variation in growth of nearly all species. Results of this study provide important information on the autecology of catostomids that can be used for comparison among species and systems. These data also suggest that connection of rivers with their floodplain is an important feature for catostomids in temperate river systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rra.1545","usgsCitation":"Quist, M., and Spiegel, J., 2011, Population demographics of catostomids in large river ecosystems: effects of discharge and temperature on recruitment dynamics and growth: River Research and Applications, v. 28, no. 9, p. 1567-1586, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.1545.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1567","endPage":"1586","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":342,"text":"Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474826,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.1545","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":259266,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"28","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7d37e4b0c8380cd79e04","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Quist, M.C. 0000-0001-8268-1839","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8268-1839","contributorId":62805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quist","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spiegel, J.R.","contributorId":86990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spiegel","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70041632,"text":"70041632 - 2011 - Elk Monitoring Protocol for Lewis and Clark National Historical Park, Version 1.0","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-23T09:33:14","indexId":"70041632","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":273,"text":"Natural Resource Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"NPS/NCCN/NRR—2011/455","title":"Elk Monitoring Protocol for Lewis and Clark National Historical Park, Version 1.0","docAbstract":"Maintaining elk (Cervus elaphus roosevelti) herds that frequent Lewis and Clark National Historical Park (NHP) is central to the park’s purpose of preserving the historic, cultural, scenic, and natural resources. Elk were critical to sustaining the members of the Lewis and Clark expedition by providing food and clothing over the winter of 1805-1806. Today, elk viewing opportunities in the park and surrounding region generate broad appeal with the visiting public, which number over 250,000 per year at the Fort Clatsop visitor center. This protocol describes procedures for monitoring trends in the use of the Fort Clatsop area by Roosevelt elk. Specific objectives of elk monitoring in Lewis and Clark NHP are to measure the relative use and proportion of area used by elk during winter in the Fort Clatsop Unit of the park, and the rate at which elk are sighted from roads in and around the park. Relative use and the proportion of area used by elk are determined from elk fecal pellet surveys conducted every other year in the Fort Clatsop park unit. Pairs of observers visit a systematic array of permanent plots in the fall to clear them of elk fecal pellets, and return to the plots in late winter to count elk fecal pellets that have accumulated during winter. Half of the subplots are counted by two independent observers, which allows for the estimation of relative use and proportion of area occupied by elk with analyses of detection biases that account for unseen elk pellet groups. Standardized road surveys are conducted in and near the Fort Clatsop park unit three or four times monthly during alternate months. Data from road surveys are used to quantify the rate that park visitors would be expected to see elk, when driving the selected set of routes. The monitoring protocol is based on three field seasons of development and testing. The protocol narrative describes the background, rationale, sampling design, field methods, analytical methods, data management, reporting, personnel requirements, and operational requirements for elk monitoring in Lewis and Clark NHP. The sampling design reflects tradeoffs between statistical and ecological considerations, safety, and current budget considerations. The protocol provides adequate power to detect a doubling or halving of elk use in the Fort Clatsop unit and surrounding areas within 15 years. Step-by-step guidance for planning and completing the monitoring tasks are in the attached standard operating procedures (SOPs). Information on the status and trends of elk use in Lewis and Clark NHP will allow park managers to assess the effects on elk of restoration programs within the park, build community partnerships, and identify potential linkages between regional land use changes and elk use of the Park. Lewis and Clark NHP has an active ecological restoration program that aims to recreate, where possible, ecological conditions that Lewis and Clark encountered. The restoration program includes an extensive exotic plant removal program, wetland restoration, and silvicultural treatments that will hasten development of late-seral conditions in recently acquired forest lands of the Fort Clatsop park unit. In the future, monitoring results can be used to test for spatial associations between ecological restoration treatments and relative use by elk. The park also plans to feature results from elk monitoring prominently in its educational outreach activities to help interpret the historical and current ecological context of the Lewis and Clark story, and engender public support for the park mission and management activities. Although NPS does not manage non-park lands, information about trends in the distribution of elk use will be valuable in public outreach and discussions with other partnering agencies and regional private landowners.","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","publisherLocation":"Tacoma, WA","usgsCitation":"Jenkins, K.J., Griffin, P., Boetsch, J.R., and Cole, C., 2011, Elk Monitoring Protocol for Lewis and Clark National Historical Park, Version 1.0: Natural Resource Report NPS/NCCN/NRR—2011/455, xv, 225 p.","productDescription":"xv, 225 p.","ipdsId":"IP-031884","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":268004,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268003,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://irma.nps.gov/gueststs/users/issue.aspx?wa=wsignin1.0&wtrealm=https%3a%2f%2firma.nps.gov%2fApp%2f&wctx=rm%3d0%26id%3dpassive%26ru%3d%252fApp%252fReference%252fDownloadDigitalFile%253fcode%253d436657%2526file%253dNCCN_LEWI_ElkMonitoringProtocol_20111019.pdf&wct=2013-02-23T15%3a27%3a44Z"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5129f31de4b04edf7e93f892","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jenkins, Kurt J. 0000-0003-1415-6607 kurt_jenkins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1415-6607","contributorId":3415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"Kurt","email":"kurt_jenkins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Griffin, Paul C. pgriffin@usgs.gov","contributorId":3402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"Paul C.","email":"pgriffin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":470021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boetsch, John R.","contributorId":36236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boetsch","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cole, Carla","contributorId":44809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"Carla","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70004924,"text":"70004924 - 2011 - Occurrence and distribution of Asian carps in Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-28T18:02:05","indexId":"70004924","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-31T18:01:43","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"17","title":"Occurrence and distribution of Asian carps in Louisiana","docAbstract":"In the 1970s, commercial fishers reported sightings of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella in large rivers and associated backwaters of Louisiana; the first specimen in Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries' fishery independent sampling was recorded in 1976. Beginning in the early 1980s, commercial fishers noted increasing populations of bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and silver carp H. molitrix (together, the bigheaded carps). Populations of bigheaded carps appear to be increasing at a much slower rate than in the Midwest, possibly due to limited suitability of and access to backwater habitat for juvenile fish. In 2002, harvester reports of sporadic captures of \"different-looking\" grass carp indicated the possible presence of black carp Mylopharyngodon piceus. Because both normal diploid and triploid (in which triploidy has been induced to cause sterility) black carp have been stocked in the Mississippi basin, determination of the ploidy (number of chromosome sets) of these fishes is important. Since 2002, postmortem ploidy determinations using cells from eyeballs removed from six wild black carp captured in Louisiana showed each to be a normal diploid, indicative of breeding capability and potential reproducing populations. Although reported commercial landings of grass and bigheaded carps have been as high as 34,830 kg/year, limited market demand in past years resulted in many captures being discarded. A protocol for obtaining samples for easily determining ploidy is reported here. Accurate data on Asian carp distributions and their reproductive potential provides information to fisheries researchers that will be constructive in documenting the spread of these invasive species and in the assessment of risk to habitats.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Invasive Asian Carps in North America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Symposium, Invasive Asian Carps in North America: a Forum to Understand the Biology and Manage the Problem","conferenceDate":"August 22-23, 2006","conferenceLocation":"Peoria, IL","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, Maryland","isbn":"9781934874233","usgsCitation":"Thomas, R.G., Jenkins, J.A., and David, J., 2011, Occurrence and distribution of Asian carps in Louisiana, chap. 17 of Invasive Asian Carps in North America, v. 74, p. 239-250.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"239","endPage":"250","ipdsId":"IP-028824","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research 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Glenn","contributorId":221913,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomas","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Glenn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":513244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jenkins, Jill A. 0000-0002-5087-0894 jenkinsj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5087-0894","contributorId":2710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"Jill","email":"jenkinsj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":780693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"David, Jody","contributorId":117564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"David","given":"Jody","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":513245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70046493,"text":"70046493 - 2011 - Guidance manual for forensic analysis of perchlorate in groundwater using chlorine and oxygen isotopic analyses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-26T14:46:51","indexId":"70046493","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-31T15:40:24","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Guidance manual for forensic analysis of perchlorate in groundwater using chlorine and oxygen isotopic analyses","docAbstract":"Increased health concerns about perchlorate (ClO4-) during the past decade and subsequent regulatory considerations have generated appreciable interest in source identification. The key objective of the isotopic techniques described in this guidance manual is to provide evidence concerning the origin of ClO4- in soils and groundwater and, more specifically, whether that ClO4- is synthetic or natural. Chlorine and oxygen isotopic analyses of ClO4- provide the primary direct approach whereby different sources of ClO4- can be distinguished from each other. These techniques measure the relative abundances of the stable isotopes of chlorine (37Cl and 35Cl) and oxygen (18O, 17O, and 16O) in ClO4- using isotope-ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). In addition, the relative abundance of the radioactive chlorine isotope 36Cl is measured using accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). Taken together, these measurements provide four independent quantities that can be used to distinguish natural and synthetic ClO4- sources, to discriminate different types of natural ClO4-, and to detect ClO4- biodegradation in the environment. Other isotopic, chemical, and geochemical techniques that can be applied in conjunction with isotopic analyses of ClO4- to provide supporting data in forensic studies are also described. This guidance manual is intended to provide details of the methodology used to (1) collect ClO4- samples from the environment, particularly from groundwater, which is the main medium of interest for ClO4- source identification; (2) purify the collected ClO4- samples; (3) conduct oxygen (O) and chlorine (Cl) isotopic analyses on the purified samples; and (4) determine probable sources using the resulting isotope data. Current practices for groundwater sampling and quality assurance for sample collection, purification, and measurement of Cl and O isotopes in ClO4- are provided. A detailed case study of source evaluation in groundwater on Long Island is given along with the current literature on the subject of ClO4- source discrimination. ClO4- in the environment is derived from both synthetic and natural sources. Synthetic ClO4- salts, including ammonium perchlorate (NH4ClO4) and potassium perchlorate (KClO4), have been widely used as oxidants by the military and aerospace industry. A variety of commercial products also contain synthetic ClO4-,including fireworks, matches, air bags, chlorine bleach, safety flares, perchloric acid, and chlorate herbicides. Historical disposal practices by the military, aerospace industry, and chemical manufacturers have resulted in groundwater and drinking water contamination with ClO4- in the United States. Isolated contamination from\nfireworks, road flares, explosives, and perchloric acid has also been reported. However, ClO4- is also a naturally occurring anion. It is present with sodium nitrate (NaNO3) in surficial deposits in the Atacama Desert of Chile at an average concentration of around 0.1% (by mass) of the total soluble salt, and these deposits (sometimes referred to as “Chilean caliche”) were widely used in the United States during the first half of the 20th century as a source of inorganic nitrogen\nfertilizer. Natural ClO4- that is not associated with Chilean fertilizers has also recently been detected in the vadose zone, groundwaters, and mineral deposits collected from the arid southwestern United States, including 155,000 km2 of groundwater in the Southern High Plains (SHP) of Texas and New Mexico. In addition to synthetic sources, natural ClO4- from both Chilean fertilizers and indigenous sources represents a potentially large source of ClO4- in groundwater and drinking water in the United States.","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 2011, Guidance manual for forensic analysis of perchlorate in groundwater using chlorine and oxygen isotopic analyses.","ipdsId":"IP-033887","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":365960,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW"} ,{"id":70224979,"text":"70224979 - 2011 - DDT, DDD, and DDE in birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-11T18:38:01.49406","indexId":"70224979","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-31T13:29:51","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"12","title":"DDT, DDD, and DDE in birds","docAbstract":"This chapter summarizes residue levels of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), DDD, and DDE three compounds in birds that are diagnostic for or are associated with mortality and important sublethal effects and suggests improvements in design of contemporary field studies that will result in maximum usefulness in interpreting residue data. Heath et al. first documented eggshell thinning and associated lowered reproductive success of experimental birds on DDE diets. Although there were several studies of eggshell thinning of birds that were given diets containing technical DDT, most did not list residues in eggs, and DDE-not DDT-comprises most of dietary exposure of wild birds with significant eggshell thinning. Although DDE was responsible for most reproductive failure in birds, very high levels of DDT in ring-necked pheasant eggs in California may have caused reproductive problems, such as crippling and mortality of young. Residues in tissues, particularly brain, have proven to be diagnostic of lethality in animals on dietary dosages of DDT, DDD, and DDE in experiments.
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","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1201/b10598","usgsCitation":"Beyer, W.N., and Meador, J., 2011, Environmental contaminants in biota: Interpreting tissue concentrations, 768 p., https://doi.org/10.1201/b10598.","productDescription":"768 p.","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474831,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://www.doabooks.org/doab?func=search&query=rid:48368","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":390400,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beyer, W. Nelson 0000-0002-8911-9141 nbeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8911-9141","contributorId":3301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beyer","given":"W.","email":"nbeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Nelson","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":825004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meador, James P.","contributorId":174075,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meador","given":"James P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":825005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70209241,"text":"70209241 - 2011 - The role of backbarrier infilling in the formation of barrier island systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-27T06:31:57","indexId":"70209241","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-31T11:35:31","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The role of backbarrier infilling in the formation of barrier island systems","docAbstract":"Barrier islands develop through a variety of processes, including spit accretion, barrier elongation, and inlet filling. New geophysical and sedimentological data provide a means of documenting the presence of a paleoinlet within a barrier lithosome in the western Gulf of Maine, illuminating the process of backbarrier infilling and its effect on barrier and tidal inlet morphodynamics. The transport of sediment into the backbarrier through tidal inlets as well as sediment contribution from nearby rivers led to bay infilling, formation of tidal flats and marshes, and a vast reduction in the bay tidal prism. Using existing marsh stratigraphy and high resolution imaging of a paleo inlet, this study investigates the effects of this diminishing tidal prism and inlet closure process. Chronostratigraphic reconstructions and digital backstripping of the backbarrier explain rates and timing of infilling and eventual conversion of an open water lagoon to the modern high marsh and tidal creek system.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Proceedings of the Coastal Sediments 2011","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Coastal Sediments 2011","conferenceDate":"May 2-6, 2011","conferenceLocation":"Miami, FL","language":"English","publisher":"World Scientific","doi":"10.1142/9789814355537_0091","usgsCitation":"Hein, C.J., FitzGerald, D.M., Carruthers, E.A., Stone, B.D., and Gontz, A.M., 2011, The role of backbarrier infilling in the formation of barrier island systems, in The Proceedings of the Coastal Sediments 2011, v. 2011, Miami, FL, May 2-6, 2011, p. 1203-1216, https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814355537_0091.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1203","endPage":"1216","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":373510,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Maine","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.54296874999999,\n 41.77131167976407\n ],\n [\n -70.4443359375,\n 41.21172151054787\n ],\n [\n -66.70898437499999,\n 42.8115217450979\n ],\n [\n -64.6875,\n 44.213709909702054\n ],\n [\n -64.8193359375,\n 45.706179285330855\n ],\n [\n -67.3681640625,\n 45.213003555993964\n ],\n [\n -71.05957031249999,\n 43.83452678223682\n ],\n [\n -71.54296874999999,\n 41.77131167976407\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2011","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-06-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hein, Christopher J.","contributorId":39893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"FitzGerald, Duncan M.","contributorId":48077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"FitzGerald","given":"Duncan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carruthers, Emily A.","contributorId":59709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carruthers","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stone, Byron D. 0000-0001-6092-0798 bdstone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6092-0798","contributorId":1702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Byron","email":"bdstone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":785523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gontz, Allen M.","contributorId":79784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gontz","given":"Allen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70190488,"text":"70190488 - 2011 - Novel primers for complete mitochondrial cytochrome b genesequencing in mammals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-05T08:53:32","indexId":"70190488","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2776,"text":"Molecular Ecology Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Novel primers for complete mitochondrial cytochrome b genesequencing in mammals","title":"Novel primers for complete mitochondrial cytochrome b genesequencing in mammals","docAbstract":"Sequence-based species identification relies on the extent and integrity of sequence data available in online databases such as GenBank. When identifying species from a sample of unknown origin, partial DNA sequences obtained from the sample are aligned against existing sequences in databases. When the sequence from the matching species is not present in the database, high-scoring alignments with closely related sequences might produce unreliable results on species identity. For species identification in mammals, the cytochrome b (cyt b) gene has been identified to be highly informative; thus, large amounts of reference sequence data from the cyt b gene are much needed. To enhance availability of cyt b gene sequence data on a large number of mammalian species in GenBank and other such publicly accessible online databases, we identified a primer pair for complete cyt b gene sequencing in mammals. Using this primer pair, we successfully PCR amplified and sequenced the complete cyt b gene from 40 of 44 mammalian species representing 10 orders of mammals. We submitted 40 complete, correctly annotated, cyt b protein coding sequences to GenBank. To our knowledge, this is the first single primer pair to amplify the complete cyt b gene in a broad range of mammalian species. This primer pair can be used for the addition of new cyt b gene sequences and to enhance data available on species represented in GenBank. The availability of novel and complete gene sequences as high-quality reference data can improve the reliability of sequence-based species identification.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1755-0998.2011.03078.x","usgsCitation":"Naidu, A., Fitak, R.R., Munguia-Vega, A., and Culver, M., 2011, Novel primers for complete mitochondrial cytochrome b genesequencing in mammals: Molecular Ecology Resources, v. 12, no. 2, p. 191-196, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2011.03078.x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"191","endPage":"196","ipdsId":"IP-058046","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345448,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-10-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59afb7a0e4b0e9bde1351143","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Naidu, Ashwin","contributorId":170000,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Naidu","given":"Ashwin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17653,"text":"School of Natural Resources & the Environment, The University of Arizona, Tucson","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":709444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fitak, Robert R.","contributorId":169991,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fitak","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":12643,"text":"Duke University","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":32413,"text":"University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, 85721","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":709445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Munguia-Vega, Adrian","contributorId":56909,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Munguia-Vega","given":"Adrian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Culver, Melanie 0000-0001-5380-3059 mculver@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5380-3059","contributorId":4327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Culver","given":"Melanie","email":"mculver@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":12625,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":127,"text":"Arizona Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":709443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70156279,"text":"70156279 - 2011 - 2011 statistical abstract of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T15:22:05","indexId":"70156279","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"2011 statistical abstract of the United States","docAbstract":"The Statistical Abstract of the United States, published since 1878, is the authoritative and comprehensive summary of statistics on the social, political, and economic organization of the United States.
Use the Abstract as a convenient volume for statistical reference, and as a guide to sources of more information both in print and on the Web.
Sources of data include the Census Bureau, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Bureau of Economic Analysis, and many other Federal agencies and private organizations.
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predicting floods: Narayani Basin","docAbstract":"In Nepal, as the spatial distribution of rain gauges is not sufficient to provide detailed perspective on the highly varied spatial nature of rainfall, satellite-based rainfall estimates provides the opportunity for timely estimation. This paper presents the flood prediction of Narayani Basin at the Devghat hydrometric station (32 000 km2) using bias-adjusted satellite rainfall estimates and the Geospatial Stream Flow Model (GeoSFM), a spatially distributed, physically based hydrologic model. The GeoSFM with gridded gauge observed rainfall inputs using kriging interpolation from 2003 was used for calibration and 2004 for validation to simulate stream flow with both having a Nash Sutcliff Efficiency of above 0.7. With the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Prediction Centre's rainfall estimates (CPC_RFE2.0), using the same calibrated parameters, for 2003 the model performance deteriorated but improved after recalibration with CPC_RFE2.0 indicating the need to recalibrate the model with satellite-based rainfall estimates. Adjusting the CPC_RFE2.0 by a seasonal, monthly and 7-day moving average ratio, improvement in model performance was achieved. 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Due to the sheer\nsize of the affected areas, an unprecedented regional analysis at very high resolution and\naccuracy was needed to properly quantify and understand the effects of the hurricane and\nthe storm tide. Many disparate sources of lidar data were acquired and processed for\nvarying environmental reasons by pre- and post-Katrina projects. The datasets were in\nseveral formats and projections and were processed to varying phases of completion, and as\na result the task of producing a seamless digital elevation dataset required a high level of\ncoordination, research, and revision. 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\"}}]}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-04-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6107a2e4b06e28e9c255da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stoker, Jason M. 0000-0003-2455-0931 jstoker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2455-0931","contributorId":3021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoker","given":"Jason","email":"jstoker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turnipseed, D. Phil 0000-0002-9737-3203 pturnip@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9737-3203","contributorId":298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turnipseed","given":"D.","email":"pturnip@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Phil","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, Kenneth V. 0000-0002-3818-9182 kvwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3818-9182","contributorId":2313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Kenneth","email":"kvwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70006368,"text":"ofr20111308 - 2011 - Postwildfire preliminary debris flow hazard assessment for the area burned by the 2011 Las Conchas Fire in north-central New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:43","indexId":"ofr20111308","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-30T14:32:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1308","title":"Postwildfire preliminary debris flow hazard assessment for the area burned by the 2011 Las Conchas Fire in north-central New Mexico","docAbstract":"The Las Conchas Fire during the summer of 2011 was the largest in recorded history for the state of New Mexico, burning 634 square kilometers in the Jemez Mountains of north-central New Mexico. The burned landscape is now at risk of damage from postwildfire erosion, such as that caused by debris flows and flash floods. This report presents a preliminary hazard assessment of the debris-flow potential from 321 basins burned by the Las Conchas Fire. A pair of empirical hazard-assessment models developed using data from recently burned basins throughout the intermountain western United States was used to estimate the probability of debris-flow occurrence and volume of debris flows at the outlets of selected drainage basins within the burned area. The models incorporate measures of burn severity, topography, soils, and storm rainfall to estimate the probability and volume of debris flows following the fire.
In response to a design storm of 28.0 millimeters of rain in 30 minutes (10-year recurrence interval), the probabilities of debris flows estimated for basins burned by the Las Conchas Fire were greater than 80 percent for two-thirds (67 percent) of the modeled basins. Basins with a high (greater than 80 percent) probability of debris-flow occurrence were concentrated in tributaries to Santa Clara and Rio del Oso Canyons in the northeastern part of the burned area; some steep areas in the Valles Caldera National Preserve, Los Alamos, and Guaje Canyons in the east-central part of the burned area; tributaries to Peralta, Colle, Bland, and Cochiti canyons in the southwestern part of the burned area; and tributaries to Frijoles, Alamo, and Capulin Canyons in the southeastern part of the burned area (within Bandelier National Monument). Estimated debris-flow volumes ranged from 400 cubic meters to greater than 72,000 cubic meters. The largest volumes (greater than 40,000 cubic meters) were estimated for basins in Santa Clara, Los Alamos, and Water Canyons, and for two basins at the northeast edge of the burned area tributary to Rio del Oso and Vallecitos Creek.
The Combined Relative Debris-Flow Hazard Rankings identify the areas of highest probability of the largest debris flows. Basins with high Combined Relative Debris-Flow Hazard Rankings include upper Santa Clara Canyon in the northern section of the burn scar, and portions of Peralta, Colle, Bland, Cochiti, Capulin, Alamo, and Frijoles Canyons in the southern section of the burn scar. Three basins with high Combined Relative Debris-Flow Hazard Rankings also occur in areas upstream from the city of Los Alamos—the city is home to and surrounded by numerous technical sites for the Los Alamos National Laboratory.
Potential debris flows in the burned area could affect the water supply for Santa Clara Pueblo and several recreational lakes, as well as recreational and archeological resources in Bandelier National Monument. Debris flows could damage bridges and culverts along State Highway 501 and other roadways. Additional assessment is necessary to determine if the estimated volume of material is sufficient to travel into areas downstream from the modeled basins along the valley floors, where they could affect human life, property, agriculture, and infrastructure in those areas. Additionally, further investigation is needed to assess the potential for debris flows to affect structures at or downstream from basin outlets and to increase the threat of flooding downstream by damaging or blocking flood mitigation structures. The maps presented here may be used to prioritize areas where erosion mitigation or other protective measures may be necessary within a 2- to 3-year window of vulnerability following the Las Conchas Fire.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111308","usgsCitation":"Tillery, A.C., Darr, M.J., Cannon, S.H., and Michael, J.A., 2011, Postwildfire preliminary debris flow hazard assessment for the area burned by the 2011 Las Conchas Fire in north-central New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1308, v, 11 p.; 3 Plates - Plate 1: 20.35 x 32.35 inches, Plate 2: 20.21 x 32.41 inches, Plate 3: 20.41 x 32.41 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111308.","productDescription":"v, 11 p.; 3 Plates - Plate 1: 20.35 x 32.35 inches, Plate 2: 20.21 x 32.41 inches, Plate 3: 20.41 x 32.41 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2011-06-01","temporalEnd":"2011-08-31","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116198,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1308.png"},{"id":112410,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1308/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.61749999999999,35.6 ], [ -106.61749999999999,36.08416666666667 ], [ -106.25083333333333,36.08416666666667 ], [ -106.25083333333333,35.6 ], [ -106.61749999999999,35.6 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7ea0e4b0c8380cd7a65e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tillery, Anne C. 0000-0002-9508-7908 atillery@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9508-7908","contributorId":2549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillery","given":"Anne","email":"atillery@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Darr, Michael J. mjdarr@usgs.gov","contributorId":4239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darr","given":"Michael","email":"mjdarr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":354397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cannon, Susan H. cannon@usgs.gov","contributorId":1019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Susan","email":"cannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Michael, John A. jmichael@usgs.gov","contributorId":1877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"John","email":"jmichael@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":354395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70136237,"text":"70136237 - 2011 - Development of a pan-Arctic monitoring plan for polar bears: Background paper","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-14T13:24:53","indexId":"70136237","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Development of a pan-Arctic monitoring plan for polar bears: Background paper","docAbstract":"The Cochiti Dam quadrangle is located in the southern part of the Española Basin and contains sedimentary and volcanic deposits that record alluvial, colluvial, eolian, tectonic and volcanic processes over the past seventeen million years. The geology was mapped from 1997 to 1999 and modified in 2004 to 2008. The primary mapping responsibilities were as follows: Dethier mapped the surficial deposits, basin-fill sedimentary deposits, Miocene to Quaternary volcanic deposits of the Jemez volcanic field, and a preliminary version of fault distribution. Thompson and Hudson mapped the Pliocene and Quaternary volcanic deposits of the Cerros del Rio volcanic field. Thompson, Minor, and Hudson mapped surface exposures of faults and Hudson conducted paleomagnetic studies for stratigraphic correlations. Thompson prepared the digital compilation of the geologic map.
\nThe mapped distribution of units is based primarily on interpretation of 1:16,000-scale, color aerial photographs taken in 1992, and 1:40,000-scale, black-and-white, aerial photographs taken in 1996. Most of the contacts on the map were transferred from the aerial photographs using a photogrammetric stereo-plotter and subsequently field checked for accuracy and revised based on field determination of allostratigraphic and lithostratigraphic units. Determination of lithostratigraphic units in volcanic deposits was aided by geochemical data, 40Ar/39Ar geochronology, aeromagnetic and paleomagnetic data. Supplemental revision of mapped contacts was based on interpretation of USGS 1-meter orthoimagery.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3194","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Dethier, D., Thompson, R.A., Hudson, M., Minor, S.A., and Sawyer, D.A., 2011, Geologic map of the Cochiti Dam quadrangle, Sandoval County, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3194, 1 Plate: 58.06 x 42.00 inches; Metadata; Data Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3194.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 58.06 x 42.00 inches; Metadata; Data Files","costCenters":[{"id":308,"text":"Geology and Environmental Change Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116196,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3194.png"},{"id":398858,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_96374.htm"},{"id":112411,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3194/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","county":"Sandoval County","otherGeospatial":"Cochiti Dam","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.375,\n 35.625\n ],\n [\n -106.25,\n 35.625\n ],\n [\n -106.25,\n 35.75\n ],\n [\n -106.375,\n 35.75\n ],\n [\n -106.375,\n 35.625\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1b73e4b0c8380cd55ed8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dethier, David P.","contributorId":35285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dethier","given":"David P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, Ren A. 0000-0002-3044-3043 rathomps@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3044-3043","contributorId":1265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Ren","email":"rathomps@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hudson, Mark R. 0000-0003-0338-6079 mhudson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0338-6079","contributorId":1236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"Mark R.","email":"mhudson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Minor, Scott A. 0000-0002-6976-9235 sminor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6976-9235","contributorId":765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minor","given":"Scott","email":"sminor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sawyer, David A. dsawyer@usgs.gov","contributorId":1262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sawyer","given":"David","email":"dsawyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":355759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70006361,"text":"ofr20111316 - 2011 - Geochemical data from waters in Prospect Gulch, San Juan County, Colorado, that span pre- and post-Lark Mine remediation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:12:01","indexId":"ofr20111316","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1316","title":"Geochemical data from waters in Prospect Gulch, San Juan County, Colorado, that span pre- and post-Lark Mine remediation","docAbstract":"In San Juan County, Colorado, the effects of historical mining continue to contribute dissolved metals to groundwater and surface water. Water samples in Prospect Gulch near Silverton, Colorado, were collected at selected locations that span pre- and post-reclamation activities at the Lark Mine, located in the Prospect Gulch watershed. Geochemical results from those water samples are presented in this report. Water samples were analyzed for specific conductance, pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen with handheld field meters, and metals were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111316","usgsCitation":"Johnson, R.H., Yager, D.B., and Johnson, H.D., 2011, Geochemical data from waters in Prospect Gulch, San Juan County, Colorado, that span pre- and post-Lark Mine remediation: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1316, vii, 4 p.; XLS Downloads of Tables 1-3, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111316.","productDescription":"vii, 4 p.; XLS Downloads of Tables 1-3","startPage":"i","endPage":"4","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116325,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1316.png"},{"id":112396,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1316/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"San Juan County","otherGeospatial":"Prospect Gulch","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.68416666666667,37.86666666666667 ], [ -107.68416666666667,37.9 ], [ -107.66666666666667,37.9 ], [ -107.66666666666667,37.86666666666667 ], [ -107.68416666666667,37.86666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a161de4b0c8380cd55053","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Raymond H. rhjohnso@usgs.gov","contributorId":707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Raymond","email":"rhjohnso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":354382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yager, Douglas B. 0000-0001-5074-4022 dyager@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5074-4022","contributorId":798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"Douglas","email":"dyager@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Hugh D.","contributorId":69701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Hugh","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70006345,"text":"sim3195 - 2011 - Seismic-Hazard Maps for the Conterminous United States, 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:12:01","indexId":"sim3195","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3195","title":"Seismic-Hazard Maps for the Conterminous United States, 2008","docAbstract":"Probabilistic seismic-hazard maps were prepared for the conterminous United States portraying peak horizontal acceleration and horizontal spectral response acceleration for 0.2- and 1.0-second periods with probabilities of exceedance of 10 percent in 50 years and 2 percent in 50 years. All of the maps were prepared by combining the hazard derived from spatially smoothed historic seismicity with the hazard from fault-specific sources. The acceleration values contoured are the random horizontal component. The reference site condition is firm rock, defined as having an average shear-wave velocity of 760 m/s in the top 30 meters corresponding to the boundary between NEHRP (National Earthquake Hazards Reduction program) site classes B and C.\nThis data set represents the results of calculations of hazard curves for a grid of points with a spacing of 0.05 degrees in latitude and longitude. The grid of points were contoured to produce the final representation of the seismic-hazard.\nThese maps are intended to summarize the available quantitative information about seismic ground motion hazard for the conterminous United States from geologic and geophysical source.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3195","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Petersen, M.D., Frankel, A.D., Harmsen, S., Mueller, C.S., Haller, K., Wheller, R.L., Wesson, R.L., Zeng, Y., Boyd, O.S., Perkins, D.M., Luco, N., Field, E.H., Wills, C.J., and Rukstales, K.S., 2011, Seismic-Hazard Maps for the Conterminous United States, 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3195, Sheets 1-6: 31 inches x 24 inches, Map PDF, GIS data zip; Metadata; Geologic map database, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3195.","productDescription":"Sheets 1-6: 31 inches x 24 inches, Map 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mpetersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8542-3990","contributorId":1163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Mark","email":"mpetersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frankel, Arthur D. 0000-0001-9119-6106 afrankel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9119-6106","contributorId":1363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankel","given":"Arthur","email":"afrankel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":354349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harmsen, Stephen C. harmsen@usgs.gov","contributorId":1795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harmsen","given":"Stephen C.","email":"harmsen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":354351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mueller, Charles S. 0000-0002-1868-9710 cmueller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1868-9710","contributorId":955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"Charles","email":"cmueller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":354344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Haller, Kathleen M. haller@usgs.gov","contributorId":1331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haller","given":"Kathleen M.","email":"haller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science 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Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":354350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Boyd, Oliver S. olboyd@usgs.gov","contributorId":956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyd","given":"Oliver","email":"olboyd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":354345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Perkins, David M. perkins@usgs.gov","contributorId":2114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"David","email":"perkins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":301,"text":"Geologic Hazards Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Luco, Nicolas 0000-0002-5763-9847 nluco@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5763-9847","contributorId":1188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luco","given":"Nicolas","email":"nluco@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":354347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Field, Edward H. 0000-0001-8172-7882 field@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8172-7882","contributorId":52242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"Edward","email":"field@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Wills, Christopher J.","contributorId":58013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wills","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Rukstales, Kenneth S. 0000-0003-2818-078X rukstales@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2818-078X","contributorId":775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rukstales","given":"Kenneth","email":"rukstales@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70003691,"text":"70003691 - 2011 - The U.S. Geological Survey mapping and cartographic database activities, 2006-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:58","indexId":"70003691","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-25T15:47:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1191,"text":"Cartography and Geographic Information Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The U.S. Geological Survey mapping and cartographic database activities, 2006-2010","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began systematic topographic mapping of the United States in the 1880s, beginning with scales of 1:250,000 and 1:125,000 in support of geological mapping. Responding to the need for higher resolution and more detail, the 1:62,500-scale, 15-minute, topographic map series was begun in the beginning of the 20th century. Finally, in the 1950s the USGS adopted the 1:24,000-scale, 7.5-minute topographic map series to portray even more detail, completing the coverage of the conterminous 48 states of the United States with this series in 1992. In 2001, the USGS developed the vision and concept of The National Map, a topographic database for the 21st century and the source for a new generation of topographic maps (http://nationalmap.gov/). In 2008, the initial production of those maps began with a 1:24,000-scale digital product. In a separate, but related project, the USGS began scanning the existing inventory of historical topographic maps at all scales to accompany the new topographic maps. The USGS also had developed a digital database of The National Atlas of the United States. The digital version of Atlas is now Web-available and supports a mapping engine for small scale maps of the United States and North America. These three efforts define topographic mapping activities of the USGS during the last few years and are discussed below.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Cartography and Geographic Information Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Cartography and Geographic Information Society","doi":"10.1559/15230406382326","usgsCitation":"Craun, K.J., Donnelly, J.P., and Allord, G.J., 2011, The U.S. Geological Survey mapping and cartographic database activities, 2006-2010: Cartography and Geographic Information Science, v. 38, no. 3, p. 326-329, https://doi.org/10.1559/15230406382326.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"326","endPage":"329","temporalStart":"2006-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204393,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":112422,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1559/15230406382326","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","volume":"38","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba93fe4b08c986b322138","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Craun, Kari J. 0000-0001-7875-2809 kcraun@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7875-2809","contributorId":3526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Craun","given":"Kari","email":"kcraun@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":404,"text":"NGTOC Rolla","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Donnelly, John P. jpdonnelly@usgs.gov","contributorId":4461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donnelly","given":"John","email":"jpdonnelly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":348355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allord, Gregory J. gjallord@usgs.gov","contributorId":2714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allord","given":"Gregory","email":"gjallord@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70003793,"text":"70003793 - 2011 - The U.S. Geological Survey cartographic and geographic information science research activities 2006-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:59","indexId":"70003793","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-25T15:33:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1191,"text":"Cartography and Geographic Information Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The U.S. Geological Survey cartographic and geographic information science research activities 2006-2010","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) produces geospatial databases and topographic maps for the United States of America. A part of that mission includes conducting research in geographic information science (GIScience) and cartography to support mapping and improve the design, quality, delivery, and use of geospatial data and topographic maps. The Center of Excellence for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS) was established by the USGS in January 2006 as a part of the National Geospatial Program Office. CEGIS (http://cegis.usgs.gov) evolved from a team of cartographic researchers at the Mid-Continent Mapping Center. The team became known as the Cartographic Research group and was supported by the Cooperative Topographic Mapping, Geographic Analysis and Monitoring, and Land Remote Sensing programs of the Geography Discipline of the USGS from 1999-2005. In 2006, the Cartographic Research group and its projects (http://carto-research.er.usgs.gov/) became the core of CEGIS staff and research. In 2006, CEGIS research became focused on The National Map (http://nationalmap.gov).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Cartography and Geographic Information Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1559/15230406382302","usgsCitation":"Usery, E.L., 2011, The U.S. Geological Survey cartographic and geographic information science research activities 2006-2010: Cartography and Geographic Information Science, v. 38, no. 3, p. 302-309, https://doi.org/10.1559/15230406382302.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"302","endPage":"309","temporalStart":"2006-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":112421,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1559/15230406382302","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":204416,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba93ae4b08c986b322119","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Usery, E. Lynn 0000-0002-2766-2173 usery@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2766-2173","contributorId":231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Usery","given":"E.","email":"usery@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Lynn","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70006363,"text":"sir20115204 - 2011 - Quality of volatile organic compound data from groundwater and surface water for the National Water-Quality Assessment Program, October 1996–December 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-14T11:36:25","indexId":"sir20115204","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-25T09:47:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5204","title":"Quality of volatile organic compound data from groundwater and surface water for the National Water-Quality Assessment Program, October 1996–December 2008","docAbstract":"This report describes the quality of volatile organic compound (VOC) data collected from October 1996 to December 2008 from groundwater and surface-water sites for the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. The VOC data described were collected for three NAWQA site types: (1) domestic and public-supply wells, (2) monitoring wells, and (3) surface-water sites. Contamination bias, based on the 90-percent upper confidence limit (UCL) for the 90th percentile of concentrations in field blanks, was determined for VOC samples from the three site types. A way to express this bias is that there is 90-percent confidence that this amount of contamination would be exceeded in no more than 10 percent of all samples (including environmental samples) that were collected, processed, shipped, and analyzed in the same manner as the blank samples. This report also describes how important native water rinsing may be in decreasing carryover contamination, which could be affecting field blanks.
The VOCs can be classified into four contamination categories on the basis of the 90-percent upper confidence limit (90-percent UCL) concentration distribution in field blanks. Contamination category 1 includes compounds that were not detected in any field blanks. Contamination category 2 includes VOCs that have a 90-percent UCL concentration distribution in field blanks that is about an order of magnitude lower than the concentration distribution of the environmental samples. Contamination category 3 includes VOCs that have a 90-percent UCL concentration distribution in field blanks that is within an order of magnitude of the distribution in environmental samples. Contamination category 4 includes VOCs that have a 90-percent UCL concentration distribution in field blanks that is at least an order of magnitude larger than the concentration distribution of the environmental samples.
Fifty-four of the 87 VOCs analyzed in samples from domestic and public-supply wells were not detected in field blanks (contamination category 1), and 33 VOC were detected in field blanks. Ten of the 33 VOCs had a 90-percent UCL concentration distribution in field blanks that was at least an order of magnitude lower than the concentration distribution in environmental samples (contamination category 2). These 10 VOCs may have had some contamination bias associated with the environmental samples, but the potential contamination bias was negligible in comparison to the environmental data; therefore, the field blanks were assumed to be representative of the sources of contamination bias affecting the environmental samples for these 10 VOCs. Seven VOCs had a 90-percent UCL concentration distribution of the field blanks that was within an order of magnitude of the concentration distribution of the environmental samples (contamination category 3). Sixteen VOCs had a 90-percent UCL concentration distribution in the field blanks that was at least an order of magnitude greater than the concentration distribution of the environmental samples (contamination category 4). Field blanks for these 16 VOCs appear to be nonrepresentative of the sources of contamination bias affecting the environmental samples because of the larger concentration distributions (and sometimes higher frequency of detection) in field blanks than in environmental samples.
Forty-three of the 87 VOCs analyzed in samples from monitoring wells were not detected in field blanks (contamination category 1), and 44 VOCs were detected in field blanks. Eight of the 44 VOCs had a 90-percent UCL concentration distribution in field blanks that was at least an order of magnitude lower than concentrations in environmental samples (contamination category 2). These eight VOCs may have had some contamination bias associated with the environmental samples, but the potential contamination bias was negligible in comparison to the environmental data; therefore, the field blanks were assumed to be representative. Seven VOCs had a 90-percent UCL concentration distribution in field blanks that was of the same order of magnitude as the concentration distribution of the environmental samples (contamination category 3). Twenty-nine VOCs had a 90-percent UCL concentration distribution in the field blanks that was an order of magnitude greater than the distribution of the environmental samples (contamination category 4). Field blanks for these 29 VOCs appear to be nonrepresentative of the sources of contamination bias to the environmental samples.
Fifty-four of the 87 VOCs analyzed in surface-water samples were not detected in field blanks (category 1), and 33 VOC were detected in field blanks. Sixteen of the 33 VOCs had a 90-percent UCL concentration distribution in field blanks that was at least an order of magnitude lower than the concentration distribution in environmental samples (contamination category 2). These 16 VOCs may have had some contamination bias associated with the environmental samples, but the potential contamination bias was negligible in comparison to the environmental data; therefore, the field blanks were assumed to be representative. Ten VOCs had a 90-percent UCL concentration distribution in field blanks that was similar to the concentration distribution of environmental samples (contamination category 3). Seven VOCs had a 90-percent UCL concentration distribution in the field blanks that was greater than the concentration distribution in environmental samples (contamination category 4). Field-blank samples for these seven VOCs appear to be nonrepresentative of the sources of contamination bias to the environmental samples.
The relation between the detection of a compound in field blanks and the detection in subsequent environmental samples appears to be minimal. The median minimum percent effectiveness of native water rinsing is about 79 percent for the 19 VOCs detected in more than 5 percent of field blanks from all three site types. The minimum percent effectiveness of native water rinsing (10 percent) was for toluene in surface-water samples, likely because of the large detection frequency of toluene in surface-water samples (about 79 percent) and in the associated field-blank samples (46.5 percent).
The VOCs that were not detected in field blanks (contamination category 1) from the three site types can be considered free of contamination bias, and various interpretations for environmental samples, such as VOC detection frequency at multiple assessment levels and comparisons of concentrations to benchmarks, are not limited for these VOCs. A censoring level for making comparisons at different assessment levels among environmental samples could be applied to concentrations of 9 VOCs in samples from domestic and public-supply wells, 16 VOCs in samples from monitoring wells, and 9 VOCs in surface-water samples to account for potential low-level contamination bias associated with these selected VOCs. Bracketing the potential contamination by comparing the detection and concentration statistics with no censoring applied to the potential for contamination bias on the basis of the 90-percent UCL for the 90th-percentile concentrations in field blanks may be useful when comparisons to benchmarks are done in a study.
The VOCs that were not detected in field blanks (contamination category 1) from the three site types can be considered free of contamination bias, and various interpretations for environmental samples, such as VOC detection frequency at multiple assessment levels and comparisons of concentrations to benchmarks, are not limited for these VOCs. A censoring level for making comparisons at different assessment levels among environmental samples could be applied to concentrations of 9 VOCs in samples from domestic and public-supply wells, 16 VOCs in samples from monitoring wells, and 9 VOCs in surface-water samples to account for potential low-level contamination bias associated with these selected VOCs. Bracketing the potential contamination by comparing the detection and concentration statistics with no censoring applied to the potential for contamination bias on the basis of the 90-percent UCL for the 90th-percentile concentrations in field blanks may be useful when comparisons to benchmarks are done in a study.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115204","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Bender, D.A., Zogorski, J.S., Mueller, D.K., Rose, D.L., Martin, J.D., and Brenner, C.K., 2011, Quality of volatile organic compound data from groundwater and surface water for the National Water-Quality Assessment Program, October 1996–December 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5204, viii, 57 p.; Glossary; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115204.","productDescription":"viii, 57 p.; Glossary; Appendices","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"1996-10-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116322,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5204.jpg"},{"id":112397,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5204/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9148e4b0c8380cd801be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bender, David A. 0000-0002-1269-0948 dabender@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1269-0948","contributorId":985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bender","given":"David","email":"dabender@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zogorski, John S. jszogors@usgs.gov","contributorId":189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zogorski","given":"John","email":"jszogors@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":354385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mueller, David K. mueller@usgs.gov","contributorId":1585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"David","email":"mueller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rose, Donna L. 0000-0003-1216-9914 dlrose@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1216-9914","contributorId":4546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"Donna","email":"dlrose@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Martin, Jeffrey D. 0000-0003-1994-5285 jdmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1994-5285","contributorId":1066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jdmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brenner, Cassandra K.","contributorId":24235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brenner","given":"Cassandra","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70171509,"text":"70171509 - 2011 - The Hydrogeology of the San Juan Mountains Chapter 5","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-21T14:55:24","indexId":"70171509","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-23T23:45:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"Chapter 5","title":"The Hydrogeology of the San Juan Mountains Chapter 5","docAbstract":"Knowledge of the occurrence, storage, and flow of groundwater in mountainous regions is limited by the lack of integrated data from wells, streams, springs, and climate. In his comprehensive treatment of the hydrogeology of the San Luis Valley, Huntley (1979) hypothesized that the underlying, fractured volcanic bedrock of the San Juan Mountains has relatively high bulk permeability and a regional-scale water table with a low hydraulic gradient. Other (some more recent) studies of fractured crystalline bedrock in mountainous terrain indicate that these rock units can act as aquifers (Kahn et al. 2008; Manning and Caine 2007; Robinson 1978; Stober and Bucher 2005). The body of recent work also suggests that the conception that fractured crystalline bedrock is of such low permeability that it constitutes a “no-flow zone” may be inappropriate. In addition to establishing a new baseline, the data presented here are used to test Huntley’s (1979) hypotheses that suggest that the San Juan Mountains may be underlain by a substantial groundwater system. With the advent of computers and digital databases, many types of publicly available data can be used to test hypotheses and provide new insights into mountain hydrogeology at the regional scale in the San Juan Mountains. Plate 16 illustrates processes that suggest several fundamental questions arising from our lack of knowledge of mountain hydrogeology. These questions include: What are the dynamic interrelationships among the tectonics of mountain building, climate, and groundwater, and what are the time scales over which associated processes operate? How does extreme topographic relief allow for groundwater recharge along steep surfaces rather than simply causing precipitation to run off ? How does extreme relief translate into hydraulic gradients that drive groundwater flow? Can extreme gradients drive large volumes of meteoric water deep into the Earth’s upper crust? Once in the subsurface, what are the residence times of these waters? Finally, how does complex geology, commonly associated with mountainous terrain, influence these processes and control potentially heterogeneous and tortuous flow pathways? This chapter presents a synthesis of hydrogeological data, in a reconnaissance style, at the regional scale for the San Juan Mountains. Analyses of these data shed some light on the questions posed earlier for the San Juan Mountains and on mountain hydrogeologic processes in general. These analyses are based on public digital data from geologic and topographic maps, precipitation networks, stream gauges, groundwater wells, and springs. These data can be integrated using the hydrologic cycle expressed as a mass balance between inputs and outputs. The data types noted earlier form the basic set of measurements used to explore, characterize, and quantify elements of the hydrologic cycle. This exploration at a variety of scales yields insight into the relationships among the physical geological framework, climatological and hydrological budgets, and the hydraulic properties of the major aquifers in the San Juan Mountains. Each of these factors has been broken down and investigated separately and then integrated at the end of the chapter, using a conceptual model. Although the San Juan Mountains contain extensive precious- and base-metal deposits that have led to natural and mining-related groundwater contamination, this topic is not addressed here. Interested readers should refer to the extensive body of US Geological Survey work in Gray et al. (1994), Plumlee et al. (1995), Wirt et al. (1999), Johnson and Yager (2006), Johnson et al. (2007), and Church, von Guerard, and Finger (2007). Huntley (1979) also provided a large database for regional hydro-geochemistry of the San Juan Mountains (SJM).
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