Vaccines may be effective tools for protecting small populations of highly susceptible endangered, captive-reared, or translocated Hawaiian honeycreepers from introduced Avipoxvirus, but their efficacy has not been evaluated. An attenuated Canarypox vaccine that is genetically similar to one of two passerine Avipoxvirus isolates from Hawai‘i and distinct from Fowlpox was tested to evaluate whether Hawai‘i ‘Amakihi (Hemignathus virens) can be protected from wild isolates of Avipoxvirus from the Hawaiian Islands. Thirty-one (31) Hawai‘i ‘Amakihi were collected from high-elevation habitats on Mauna Kea Volcano, where pox transmission is rare, and randomly divided into two groups. One group was vaccinated with Poximune C®, whereas the other group received a sham vaccination with sterile water. Four of 15 (27%) vaccinated birds developed life-threatening disseminated lesions or lesions of unusually long duration, whereas one bird never developed a vaccine-associated lesion or “take.” After vaccine lesions healed, vaccinated birds were randomly divided into three groups of five and challenged with either a wild isolate of Fowlpox (FP) from Hawai‘i, a Hawai‘i ‘Amakihi isolate of a Canarypox-like virus (PV1), or a Hawai‘i ‘Amakihi isolate of a related, but distinct, passerine Avipoxvirus (PV2). Similarly, three random groups of five unvaccinated ‘Amakihi were challenged with the same virus isolates. Vaccinated and unvaccinated ‘Amakihi challenged with FP had transient infections with no clinical signs of infection. Mortality in vaccinated ‘Amakihi challenged with PV1 and PV2 ranged from 0% (0/5) for PV1 to 60% (3/5) for PV2. Mortality in unvaccinated ‘Amakihi ranged from 40% (2/5) for PV1 to 100% (5/5) for PV2. Although the vaccine provided some protection against PV1, both potential for vaccine reversion and low efficacy against PV2 preclude its use in captive or wild honeycreepers.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Zoo Veterinarians","doi":"10.1638/2011-0196R1.1","usgsCitation":"Atkinson, C.T., Wiegand, K.C., Triglia, D., and Jarvi, S.I., 2012, Reversion to virulence and efficacy of an attenuated canarypox vaccine in Hawai'i 'Amakihi (Hemignathus Virens): Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, v. Vol. 43, no. No. 4, p. 808-819, https://doi.org/10.1638/2011-0196R1.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"808","endPage":"819","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326131,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","volume":"Vol. 43","issue":"No. 4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a5b8d4e4b0ebae89b789fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Atkinson, Carter T. 0000-0002-4232-5335 catkinson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4232-5335","contributorId":1124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atkinson","given":"Carter","email":"catkinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":644791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wiegand, Kimberly C.","contributorId":94142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiegand","given":"Kimberly","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Triglia, Dennis","contributorId":77780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Triglia","given":"Dennis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jarvi, Susan I.","contributorId":47748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarvi","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70041910,"text":"70041910 - 2012 - Wave-induced mass transport affects daily Escherichia coli fluctuations in nearshore water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-27T12:11:22","indexId":"70041910","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wave-induced mass transport affects daily Escherichia coli fluctuations in nearshore water","docAbstract":"Characterization of diel variability of fecal indicator bacteria concentration in nearshore waters is of particular importance for development of water sampling standards and protection of public health. Significant nighttime increase in Escherichia coli (E. coli) concentration in beach water, previously observed at marine sites, has also been identified in summer 2000 from fixed locations in waist- and knee-deep waters at Chicago 63rd Street Beach, an embayed, tideless, freshwater beach with low currents at night (approximately 0.015 m s–1). A theoretical model using wave-induced mass transport velocity for advection was developed to assess the contribution of surface waves to the observed nighttime E. coli replenishment in the nearshore water. Using average wave conditions for the summer season of year 2000, the model predicted an amount of E. coli transported from water of intermediate depth, where sediment resuspension occurred intermittently, that would be sufficient to have elevated E. coli concentration in the surf and swash zones as observed. The nighttime replenishment of E. coli in the surf and swash zones revealed here is an important phase in the cycle of diel variations of E. coli concentration in nearshore water. According to previous findings in Ge et al. (Environ. Sci. Technol. 2010, 44, 6731–6737), enhanced current circulation in the embayment during the day tends to displace and deposit material offshore, which partially sets up the system by the early evening for a new period of nighttime onshore movement. This wave-induced mass transport effect, although facilitating a significant base supply of material shoreward, can be perturbed or significantly influenced by high currents (orders of magnitude larger than a typical wave-induced mass transport velocity), current-induced turbulence, and tidal forcing.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1021/es203847n","usgsCitation":"Ge, Z., Whitman, R.L., Nevers, M.B., and Phanikumar, M., 2012, Wave-induced mass transport affects daily Escherichia coli fluctuations in nearshore water: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 46, no. 4, p. 2204-2211, https://doi.org/10.1021/es203847n.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2204","endPage":"2211","ipdsId":"IP-034924","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264829,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264825,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es203847n"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","city":"Chicago","otherGeospatial":"63rd Street Beach","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -87.5765811,41.781041 ], [ -87.5765811,41.7844751 ], [ -87.5686903,41.7844751 ], [ -87.5686903,41.781041 ], [ -87.5765811,41.781041 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"46","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e583c9e4b0a4aa5bb096de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ge, Zhongfu","contributorId":29709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ge","given":"Zhongfu","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whitman, Richard L. rwhitman@usgs.gov","contributorId":542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitman","given":"Richard","email":"rwhitman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nevers, Meredith B.","contributorId":91803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nevers","given":"Meredith","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Phanikumar, Mantha S.","contributorId":17888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phanikumar","given":"Mantha S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70041991,"text":"70041991 - 2012 - Thermal and hydrologic suitability of Lake Erie and its major tributaries for spawning of Asian carps","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-26T14:35:57","indexId":"70041991","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermal and hydrologic suitability of Lake Erie and its major tributaries for spawning of Asian carps","docAbstract":"Bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis, silver carp H. molitrix, and grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella (hereafter Asian carps) have expanded throughout the Mississippi River basin and threaten to invade Lakes Michigan and Erie. Adult bighead carp and grass carp have been captured in Lake Erie, but self-sustaining populations probably do not exist. We examined thermal conditions within Lake Erie to determine if Asian carps would mature, and to estimate time of year when fish would reach spawning condition. We also examined whether thermal and hydrologic conditions in the largest tributaries to western and central Lake Erie were suitable for spawning of Asian carps. We used length of undammed river, predicted summer temperatures, and predicted water velocity during flood events to determine whether sufficient lengths of river are available for spawning of Asian carps. Most rivers we examined have at least 100 km of passable river and summer temperatures suitable (> 21 C) for rapid incubation of eggs of Asian carps. Predicted water velocity and temperature were sufficient to ensure that incubating eggs, which drift in the water column, would hatch before reaching Lake Erie for most flood events in most rivers if spawned far enough upstream. The Maumee, Sandusky, and Grand Rivers were predicted to be the most likely to support spawning of Asian carps. The Black, Huron, Portage, and Vermilion Rivers were predicted to be less suitable. The weight of the evidence suggests that the largest western and central Lake Erie tributaries are thermally and hydrologically suitable to support spawning of Asian carps.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2011.11.015","usgsCitation":"Kocovsky, P., Chapman, D., and McKenna, J., 2012, Thermal and hydrologic suitability of Lake Erie and its major tributaries for spawning of Asian carps: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 38, no. 1, p. 159-166, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2011.11.015.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"159","endPage":"166","ipdsId":"IP-033299","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264792,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264791,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2011.11.015"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Erie","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83.48,41.4 ], [ -83.48,43.26 ], [ -78.85,43.26 ], [ -78.85,41.4 ], [ -83.48,41.4 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"38","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e54cf0e4b0a4aa5bb0114e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kocovsky, Patrick M.","contributorId":89381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kocovsky","given":"Patrick M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapman, Duane 0000-0002-1086-8853 dchapman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1086-8853","contributorId":1291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"Duane","email":"dchapman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McKenna, James E.","contributorId":9217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenna","given":"James E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70042089,"text":"70042089 - 2012 - Characterizing invertebrate traits in wadeable streams of the contiguous US: differences among ecoregions and land uses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-25T17:04:40","indexId":"70042089","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1699,"text":"Freshwater Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterizing invertebrate traits in wadeable streams of the contiguous US: differences among ecoregions and land uses","docAbstract":"Much is known about invertebrate community traits in basins across Europe, but no comprehensive description of traits exists for the continental US. Little is known about the trait composition of invertebrates in reference or least-disturbed basins of the US, how trait composition varies among ecoregions, or how consistently traits respond to land use. These elements are essential to development of trait-based tools for conservation and assessment of biological integrity. We compared invertebrate traits of least-disturbed basins among ecoregions of the US. Benthic invertebrate data (presence/absence) from 1987 basins were translated into 56 binary traits (e.g., bivoltine, clinger). Basins were classified as least-disturbed, agricultural, or urban, and grouped into 9 ecoregions. Landuse, climatic, physiographic, and hydrologic data were used to describe ecoregions and to evaluate least-disturbed basin quality. The unique habitat template of each ecoregion selected for trait compositions in least-disturbed basins that differed among ecoregions. Among the traits examined, life-history (e.g., voltinism, development) and ecological traits (e.g., rheophily, thermal preference) differed most among ecoregions. Agricultural and urban land uses selected for trait compositions that differed from least-disturbed, but the extent of the differences depended on ecoregion and quality of the least-disturbed basins. No trait compositions unique to specific land uses were found. However, a disturbance syndrome was observed in that the magnitude and direction of trait responses to urban and agricultural land uses were consistent among ecoregions. Each ecoregion had a unique trait composition, but trait compositions could be used to aggregate ecoregions into 3 broad regions: Western Mountains, Plains and Lowlands, and Eastern Highlands. Our results indicate that large-scale trait-based assessment tools for the US will require calibration to account for regional differences in the trait composition of basins and in the quality of least-disturbed basins.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Freshwater Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society for Freshwater Science","publisherLocation":"Waco, TX","doi":"10.1899/11-150.1","usgsCitation":"Zuellig, R.E., and Schmidt, T., 2012, Characterizing invertebrate traits in wadeable streams of the contiguous US: differences among ecoregions and land uses: Freshwater Science, v. 31, no. 4, p. 1042-1056, https://doi.org/10.1899/11-150.1.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1042","endPage":"1056","ipdsId":"IP-029576","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474190,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1899/11-150.1","text":"External Repository"},{"id":264774,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264772,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1899/11-150.1"},{"id":264773,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.bioone.org/doi/pdf/10.1899/11-150.1"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.8,24.5 ], [ -124.8,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,24.5 ], [ -124.8,24.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"31","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e5cfe7e4b0a4aa5bb0ae9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zuellig, Robert E. 0000-0002-4784-2905 rzuellig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4784-2905","contributorId":1620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zuellig","given":"Robert","email":"rzuellig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmidt, Travis S. 0000-0003-1400-0637 tschmidt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1400-0637","contributorId":1300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Travis S.","email":"tschmidt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70041905,"text":"70041905 - 2012 - Thiamine status of rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) eggs in the Great Lakes, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-26T16:20:23","indexId":"70041905","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2299,"text":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thiamine status of rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) eggs in the Great Lakes, USA","docAbstract":"During spring 2006–2009, eggs were collected for analysis of total thiamine from gravid rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) captured in each of the Great Lakes and two other waters as references for comparison. Mean standard length (mm ± standard error) of gravid females significantly differed between sample waters, with the Atlantic Ocean population being the longest (189 ± 12.3 mm) and Lake Michigan population the shortest (122 ± 0.3 mm). Mean thiamine concentrations (nmol/g ± standard error) for single-year samples for Lake Huron, Lake Michigan, and Little Clear Pond (New York) were 9.9 ± 0.8, 3.9 ± 0.7, and 8.1 ± 2.3 nmol/g, respectively. Thiamine concentrations for multiple-year samples ranged from 1.1 to 15.6 for Lake Ontario, from 2.6 to 3.3 for Lake Erie, from 5.0 to 9.9 for Lake Superior, and from 10.9 to 13.3 for the Atlantic Ocean (Fore River). Although highly variable within populations and across years, thiamine concentrations in most spawning adults appeared to be adequate in all the waters for the years sampled except for 2006 and 2009 in Lake Ontario and 2009 in Lake Erie.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA","doi":"10.1080/02705060.2011.603204","usgsCitation":"Chalupnicki, M., Ketola, H.G., Zehfus, M.H., Crosswait, J.R., and Rinchard, J., 2012, Thiamine status of rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) eggs in the Great Lakes, USA: Journal of Freshwater Ecology, v. 27, no. 1, p. 31-39, https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2011.603204.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"39","ipdsId":"IP-028489","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474192,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2011.603204","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":264797,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264796,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2011.603204"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.89,41.31 ], [ -92.89,48.29 ], [ -75.91,48.29 ], [ -75.91,41.31 ], [ -92.89,41.31 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-11-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e54dd3e4b0a4aa5bb01382","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chalupnicki, Marc A. 0000-0002-3792-9345","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3792-9345","contributorId":11033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chalupnicki","given":"Marc A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":470352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ketola, H. George 0000-0002-7260-5602 gketola@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7260-5602","contributorId":2664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ketola","given":"H.","email":"gketola@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"George","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zehfus, Micheal H.","contributorId":95775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zehfus","given":"Micheal","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crosswait, Jonathan R.","contributorId":12756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crosswait","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rinchard, Jacques","contributorId":58161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rinchard","given":"Jacques","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70042056,"text":"70042056 - 2012 - Establishing water body areal extent trends in interior Alaska from multi-temporal Landsat data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-23T22:41:06","indexId":"70042056","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3251,"text":"Remote Sensing Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Establishing water body areal extent trends in interior Alaska from multi-temporal Landsat data","docAbstract":"An accurate approach is needed for monitoring, quantifying and understanding surface water variability due to climate change. Separating inter- and intra-annual variances from longer-term shifts in surface water extents due to contemporary climate warming requires repeat measurements spanning a several-decade period. Here, we show that trends developed from multi-date measurements of the extents of more than 15,000 water bodies in central Alaska using Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS), Thematic Mapper (TM) and Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) data (1979–2009) were highly influenced by the quantity and timing of the data. Over the 30-year period from 1979 to 2009, the study area had a net decrease (p < 0.05) in the extents of 3.4% of water bodies whereas 86% of water bodies exhibited no significant change. The Landsat-derived dataset provides an opportunity for additional research assessing the drivers of lake and wetland change in this region.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote Sensing Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA","doi":"10.1080/01431161.2011.643507","usgsCitation":"Rover, J.R., Ji, L., Wylie, B.K., and Tieszen, L.L., 2012, Establishing water body areal extent trends in interior Alaska from multi-temporal Landsat data: Remote Sensing Letters, v. 3, no. 7, p. 595-604, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2011.643507.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"595","endPage":"604","ipdsId":"IP-030841","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264761,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264708,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2011.643507"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.5,51.2 ], [ 172.5,71.4 ], [ -130.0,71.4 ], [ -130.0,51.2 ], [ 172.5,51.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"3","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50db7523e4b061270600ba7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rover, Jennifer R. 0000-0002-3437-4030 jrover@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3437-4030","contributorId":2941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rover","given":"Jennifer","email":"jrover@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ji, Lei 0000-0002-6133-1036 lji@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6133-1036","contributorId":2832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ji","given":"Lei","email":"lji@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":470694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wylie, Bruce K. 0000-0002-7374-1083 wylie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7374-1083","contributorId":750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wylie","given":"Bruce","email":"wylie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tieszen, Larry L. tieszen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tieszen","given":"Larry","email":"tieszen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":470693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70042121,"text":"ds738 - 2012 - Surface-water quality in the upper San Antonio River Basin, Bexar County, Texas, 1992-98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-05T14:28:24","indexId":"ds738","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"738","title":"Surface-water quality in the upper San Antonio River Basin, Bexar County, Texas, 1992-98","docAbstract":"The potential effects of chemicals in rivers and streams on human health or the ecology have long been a source of concern to water managers. Chemicals in rivers may result from natural or anthropogenic sources (such as industrial or residential practices) which are commonly associated with urbanized watersheds. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the San Antonio Water System, examined water-quality data collected from periodic and stormflow sampling events at five sites in the upper San Antonio River Basin during 1992–98. These water-quality data were compared among sites as well as between periodic and stormflow events. The samples were collected from five continuous streamflow-gaging stations in Bexar County, Texas. Samples were analyzed for major ions, nutrients, trace elements, and organic compounds, including selected pesticides.
\nThe reported concentrations for the measured constituents varied among sites as well as between periodic and stormflow samples. Patterns for some constituents, such as nutrients, were observed; however, consistent patterns were not always observed for all analytes. For example, median concentrations for filtered ammonia, nitrate plus nitrite, organic nitrogen, and phosphorus generally were greater in periodic samples collected from the Medina and SAR Elmendorf sites as compared to samples collected from the other sites. Median concentrations of trace elements measured in periodic samples were generally less than concentrations measured in stormflow samples. In general, most of the concentrations of analyzed organic compounds were less than the laboratory reporting levels.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds738","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the San Antonio Water System","usgsCitation":"Banta, J., Slattery, R.N., and Crow, C.L., 2012, Surface-water quality in the upper San Antonio River Basin, Bexar County, Texas, 1992-98: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 738, Document: iv, 60 p.; Appendixes 1-3, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds738.","productDescription":"Document: iv, 60 p.; Appendixes 1-3","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1992-01-01","temporalEnd":"1998-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264750,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_738.png"},{"id":264748,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/738/downloads/ds738_app2.xlsx","text":"Appendix 2"},{"id":264749,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/738/downloads/ds738_app3.xlsx","text":"Appendix 3"},{"id":264747,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/738/downloads/ds738_app1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1"},{"id":264745,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/738/pdf/ds738.pdf"},{"id":264746,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/738/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Bexar County","otherGeospatial":"San Antonio River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -98.8056,29.1104 ], [ -98.8056,29.7606 ], [ -98.1193,29.7606 ], [ -98.1193,29.1104 ], [ -98.8056,29.1104 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4eb3de4b0e8fec6ce631f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banta, J. Ryan 0000-0002-2226-7270","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2226-7270","contributorId":78863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banta","given":"J. Ryan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slattery, Richard N. 0000-0002-9141-9776 rnslatte@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9141-9776","contributorId":2471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slattery","given":"Richard","email":"rnslatte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crow, Cassi L. 0000-0002-1279-2485 ccrow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1279-2485","contributorId":1666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crow","given":"Cassi","email":"ccrow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70041903,"text":"70041903 - 2012 - Low prevalence of VHSV detected in round goby collected in offshore regions of Lake Ontario","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-27T11:04:14","indexId":"70041903","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Low prevalence of VHSV detected in round goby collected in offshore regions of Lake Ontario","docAbstract":"Since the first reports of mortalities due to viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) type IVb in the Laurentian Great Lakes basin during 2005 (Lake St. Clair, USA and Bay of Quinte, Lake Ontario, Canada), many groups have conducted surveillance efforts for the virus, primarily in nearshore areas. The round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) has been identified as a key species to target for surveillance, because they have a very high probability of infection at a given site. Our objective in this study was to document and quantify VHSV in round gobies in offshore waters of Lake Ontario using molecular techniques. We collected 139 round gobies from depths ranging from 55 to 150 m using bottom trawls during the early spring of 2011 and detected VHSV in 4 individuals (1/26 fish at 95 m, 2/12 fish at 105 m, and 1/24 fish at 135 m). These results expand the known depth range of VHSV in the Great Lakes. They also have implications on the management of the spread of VHSV within infected bodies of water related to the mixing of populations of fish that would remain distinct in their breeding habitats, but then have the opportunity to mix in their overwintering habitats, as well as to increase overlap of predator and prey species in overwintering habitats.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2012.06.008","usgsCitation":"Cornwell, E., Getchell, R.G., Groocock, G.H., Walsh, M.G., and Bowser, P., 2012, Low prevalence of VHSV detected in round goby collected in offshore regions of Lake Ontario: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 38, no. 3, p. 575-579, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2012.06.008.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"575","endPage":"579","numberOfPages":"5","ipdsId":"IP-038606","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264812,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264811,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2012.06.008"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Ontario","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -80,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -76,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -76,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -80,0.0011111111111111111 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"38","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50dfa41be4b0dfbe79e6e268","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cornwell, Emily R.","contributorId":64526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cornwell","given":"Emily R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Getchell, Rodman G.","contributorId":32416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Getchell","given":"Rodman","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Groocock, Geoffrey H.","contributorId":13878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Groocock","given":"Geoffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Walsh, Maureen G.","contributorId":92506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"Maureen","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bowser, Paul R.","contributorId":10391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowser","given":"Paul R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70042065,"text":"70042065 - 2012 - Estimating seasonal evapotranspiration from temporal satellite images","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-23T22:33:39","indexId":"70042065","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2110,"text":"Irrigation Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating seasonal evapotranspiration from temporal satellite images","docAbstract":"Estimating seasonal evapotranspiration (ET) has many applications in water resources planning and management, including hydrological and ecological modeling. Availability of satellite remote sensing images is limited due to repeat cycle of satellite or cloud cover. This study was conducted to determine the suitability of different methods namely cubic spline, fixed, and linear for estimating seasonal ET from temporal remotely sensed images. Mapping Evapotranspiration at high Resolution with Internalized Calibration (METRIC) model in conjunction with the wet METRIC (wMETRIC), a modified version of the METRIC model, was used to estimate ET on the days of satellite overpass using eight Landsat images during the 2001 crop growing season in Midwest USA. The model-estimated daily ET was in good agreement (R2 = 0.91) with the eddy covariance tower-measured daily ET. The standard error of daily ET was 0.6 mm (20%) at three validation sites in Nebraska, USA. There was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) among the cubic spline, fixed, and linear methods for computing seasonal (July–December) ET from temporal ET estimates. Overall, the cubic spline resulted in the lowest standard error of 6 mm (1.67%) for seasonal ET. However, further testing of this method for multiple years is necessary to determine its suitability.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Irrigation Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s00271-011-0287-z","usgsCitation":"Singh, R.K., Liu, S., Tieszen, L.L., Suyker, A.E., and Verma, S., 2012, Estimating seasonal evapotranspiration from temporal satellite images: Irrigation Science, v. 30, no. 4, p. 303-313, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-011-0287-z.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"303","endPage":"313","ipdsId":"IP-021931","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264760,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264759,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00271-011-0287-z"}],"volume":"30","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-04-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50db870de4b061270600c358","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Singh, Ramesh K. 0000-0002-8164-3483 rsingh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8164-3483","contributorId":3895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singh","given":"Ramesh","email":"rsingh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, Shu-Guang sliu@usgs.gov","contributorId":984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Shu-Guang","email":"sliu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":470724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tieszen, Larry L. tieszen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tieszen","given":"Larry","email":"tieszen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":470725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Suyker, Andrew E.","contributorId":46857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suyker","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Verma, Shashi B.","contributorId":76202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verma","given":"Shashi B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70041997,"text":"70041997 - 2012 - Mercury dynamics in a San Francisco estuary tidal wetland: assessing dynamics using in situ measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-23T22:06:29","indexId":"70041997","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury dynamics in a San Francisco estuary tidal wetland: assessing dynamics using in situ measurements","docAbstract":"We used high-resolution in situ measurements of turbidity and fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) to quantitatively estimate the tidally driven exchange of mercury (Hg) between the waters of the San Francisco estuary and Browns Island, a tidal wetland. Turbidity and FDOM—representative of particle-associated and filter-passing Hg, respectively—together predicted 94 % of the observed variability in measured total mercury concentration in unfiltered water samples (UTHg) collected during a single tidal cycle in spring, fall, and winter, 2005–2006. Continuous in situ turbidity and FDOM data spanning at least a full spring-neap period were used to generate UTHg concentration time series using this relationship, and then combined with water discharge measurements to calculate Hg fluxes in each season. Wetlands are generally considered to be sinks for sediment and associated mercury. However, during the three periods of monitoring, Browns Island wetland did not appreciably accumulate Hg. Instead, gradual tidally driven export of UTHg from the wetland offset the large episodic on-island fluxes associated with high wind events. Exports were highest during large spring tides, when ebbing waters relatively enriched in FDOM, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and filter-passing mercury drained from the marsh into the open waters of the estuary. On-island flux of UTHg, which was largely particle-associated, was highest during strong winds coincident with flood tides. Our results demonstrate that processes driving UTHg fluxes in tidal wetlands encompass both the dissolved and particulate phases and multiple timescales, necessitating longer term monitoring to adequately quantify fluxes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estuaries and Coasts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s12237-012-9501-3","usgsCitation":"Bergamaschi, B., Fleck, J., Downing, B.D., Boss, E., Pellerin, B., Ganju, N., Schoellhamer, D., Byington, A.A., Heim, W.A., Stephenson, M., and Fujii, R., 2012, Mercury dynamics in a San Francisco estuary tidal wetland: assessing dynamics using in situ measurements: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 35, no. 4, p. 1036-1048, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-012-9501-3.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1036","endPage":"1048","ipdsId":"IP-031681","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474195,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-012-9501-3","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":264756,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264755,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12237-012-9501-3"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Solano County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.407,38.0319 ], [ -122.407,38.5403 ], [ -121.5933,38.5403 ], [ -121.5933,38.0319 ], [ -122.407,38.0319 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"35","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e02c57e4b0fec3206ea99f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bergamaschi, Brian A. 0000-0002-9610-5581","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":73241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"Brian A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fleck, Jacob A. 0000-0002-3217-3972 jafleck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3217-3972","contributorId":1498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleck","given":"Jacob A.","email":"jafleck@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":470560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Downing, Bryan D. 0000-0002-2007-5304 bdowning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2007-5304","contributorId":1449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downing","given":"Bryan","email":"bdowning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Boss, Emmanuel","contributorId":10143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boss","given":"Emmanuel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pellerin, Brian A.","contributorId":58385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pellerin","given":"Brian A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ganju, Neil K. 0000-0002-1096-0465","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1096-0465","contributorId":93543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ganju","given":"Neil K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schoellhamer, David H. 0000-0001-9488-7340 dschoell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"David H.","email":"dschoell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Byington, Amy A.","contributorId":107998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byington","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Heim, Wesley A.","contributorId":103548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heim","given":"Wesley","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Stephenson, Mark","contributorId":56951,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stephenson","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Fujii, Roger rfujii@usgs.gov","contributorId":553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fujii","given":"Roger","email":"rfujii@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":470557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70042119,"text":"ofr20121250 - 2012 - Passage probabilities of juvenile Chinook salmon through the powerhouse and regulating outlet at Cougar Dam, Oregon, 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-23T15:43:26","indexId":"ofr20121250","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1250","title":"Passage probabilities of juvenile Chinook salmon through the powerhouse and regulating outlet at Cougar Dam, Oregon, 2011","docAbstract":"Cougar Dam near Springfield, Oregon, is one of several federally owned and operated flood-control projects within the Willamette Valley of western Oregon that were determined by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s National Marine Fisheries Service in 2008 to impact the long-term viability of several salmonid stocks. In response to this ruling, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is looking for means to reduce impacts to salmonids, including improving downstream passage of juvenile salmonids at Cougar Dam. This study of juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) passage at Cougar Dam was conducted to inform decisions about potential improvements for downstream fish passage. The primary objective of the study was to estimate route-specific passage probabilities of yearling Chinook salmon at Cougar Dam. The study was conducted using fish from a nearby hatchery surgically implanted with radio transmitters and passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags and released near the entrance of a temperature control tower through which all water going through the dam must pass. Water passing through the temperature control tower may be routed through a penstock to a powerhouse with two Francis turbines, or to a spillway-like structure called the regulating outlet. Secondary objectives of the study were to estimate the probability that fish enter a bypass at a non-federal facility downstream, and to estimate dam-passage and in-river fish survival. Dam operating conditions during the study included an average forebay elevation of 1,580 feet (National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929) and an average of 48.2 percent of the total dam discharge of 1,106 cubic feet per second passing through a regulating outlet opening of 1.25 feet. Dam passage probability was greatest at night (0.8741 standard error [SE] 0.0265) and primarily through the regulating outlet (0.8896 SE 0.0617 day; 0.9417 SE 0.0175 night). The joint probability of entering the bypass at Leaburg Dam and being detected at the PIT system within the bypass was 0.0755 (SE 0.0363), but some fish were known to pass the PIT system undetected, indicating that the true probability of entering the bypass was underestimated. The estimated survival of fish passing through the temperature control tower, through the dam, and to a site at a bridge over the South Fork of the McKenzie River 3.9 kilometers downstream was 0.3680 (SE 0.1322) for fish passing through the powerhouse, and 0.4247 (SE 0.0440) for fish passing through the regulating outlet. The estimated in-river survival through the 37.3 kilometers from the bridge to a site at Leaburg Hatchery on the McKenzie River was 0.5857 (SE 0.2227) for fish that had passed through the powerhouse, and 0.4537 (SE 0.0551) for fish that had passed through the regulating outlet.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121250","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Beeman, J.W., Hansen, A.C., Evans, S.D., Haner, P.V., Hansel, H.C., and Smith, C., 2012, Passage probabilities of juvenile Chinook salmon through the powerhouse and regulating outlet at Cougar Dam, Oregon, 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1250, vi, 26 p.; ill. (some col.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121250.","productDescription":"vi, 26 p.; ill. (some col.)","startPage":"i","endPage":"26","numberOfPages":"36","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264735,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1250.jpg"},{"id":264733,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1250/"},{"id":264734,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1250/pdf/ofr20121250.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Cougar Dam","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.250341,44.119013 ], [ -122.250341,44.139017 ], [ -122.230334,44.139017 ], [ -122.230334,44.119013 ], [ -122.250341,44.119013 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e0eef8e4b0fec3206f19e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beeman, John W. jbeeman@usgs.gov","contributorId":2646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeman","given":"John","email":"jbeeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hansen, Amy C. 0000-0002-0298-9137 achansen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0298-9137","contributorId":4350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Amy","email":"achansen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evans, Scott D. 0000-0003-0452-7726 sdevans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0452-7726","contributorId":4408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"Scott","email":"sdevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haner, Philip V. 0000-0001-6940-487X phaner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6940-487X","contributorId":2364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haner","given":"Philip","email":"phaner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hansel, Hal C. 0000-0002-3537-8244 hhansel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3537-8244","contributorId":2887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansel","given":"Hal","email":"hhansel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smith, Collin D. 0000-0003-4184-5686 cdsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4184-5686","contributorId":7915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Collin D.","email":"cdsmith@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":470795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70042120,"text":"tm4F4 - 2012 - Advanced methods for modeling water-levels and estimating drawdowns with SeriesSEE, an Excel add-in","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-26T19:05:49.744279","indexId":"tm4F4","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"4-F4","title":"Advanced methods for modeling water-levels and estimating drawdowns with SeriesSEE, an Excel add-in","docAbstract":"Water-level modeling is used for multiple-well aquifer tests to reliably differentiate pumping responses from natural water-level changes in wells, or “environmental fluctuations.” Synthetic water levels are created during water-level modeling and represent the summation of multiple component fluctuations, including those caused by environmental forcing and pumping. Pumping signals are modeled by transforming step-wise pumping records into water-level changes by using superimposed Theis functions. Water-levels can be modeled robustly with this Theis-transform approach because environmental fluctuations and pumping signals are simulated simultaneously. Water-level modeling with Theis transforms has been implemented in the program SeriesSEE, which is a Microsoft® Excel add-in. Moving average, Theis, pneumatic-lag, and gamma functions transform time series of measured values into water-level model components in SeriesSEE. Earth tides and step transforms are additional computed water-level model components. Water-level models are calibrated by minimizing a sum-of-squares objective function where singular value decomposition and Tikhonov regularization stabilize results. Drawdown estimates from a water-level model are the summation of all Theis transforms minus residual differences between synthetic and measured water levels. The accuracy of drawdown estimates is limited primarily by noise in the data sets, not the Theis-transform approach. Drawdowns much smaller than environmental fluctuations have been detected across major fault structures, at distances of more than 1 mile from the pumping well, and with limited pre-pumping and recovery data at sites across the United States. In addition to water-level modeling, utilities exist in SeriesSEE for viewing, cleaning, manipulating, and analyzing time-series data.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Section F: Groundwater in Book 4:Hydrologic Analysis and Interpretation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm4F4","collaboration":"U. S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration, Environmental Restoration Program, Underground Test Area Project","usgsCitation":"Halford, K., Garcia, C.A., Fenelon, J., and Mirus, B., 2012, Advanced methods for modeling water-levels and estimating drawdowns with SeriesSEE, an Excel add-In, (ver. 1.1, July, 2016): U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 4–F4, 28 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/tm4F4.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 29 p.; Report Package; 5 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":399696,"rank":11,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_98010.htm"},{"id":264743,"rank":7,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/tm4-F4/pdf/AppendixE_PahuteMesaExample.zip","text":"Appendix E Pahute Mesa Example","size":"18.7","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":264742,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/tm4-F4/pdf/AppendixD_HypotheticalAquifer.zip","text":"Appendix D Hypothetical Aquifer","size":"15.1","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":264741,"rank":0,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/tm4-F4/pdf/AppendixC_Verification.zip","text":"Appendix C Verification","size":"3.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":325395,"rank":10,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/tm4-F4/versionHist.txt"},{"id":264736,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/tm4-F4/"},{"id":264737,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/tm4-F4/pdf/tm4-F4.pdf","text":"Report PDF","size":"3.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":264738,"rank":4,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/tm4-F4/pdf/Release.v1.20_T+M_SeriesSEE_Appendixes.zip","text":"Complete Report Package","size":"83.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":264740,"rank":0,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/tm4-F4/pdf/AppendixB_Codes-SeriesSEE.v1.20.zip","text":"Appendix B Codes-Series SEE.v1.20","size":"8.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":264739,"rank":0,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/tm4-F4/pdf/AppendixA_SeriesSEE.v.1.20.zip","text":"Appendix A Series SEE.v.1.20","size":"30.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":264744,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/tm4-F4/images/coverthb.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted December 2012; Version 1.1: July 2016","publicComments":"This report is Chapter 4 of Section F: Groundwater in Book 4:Hydrologic Analysis and Interpretation.","contact":"Director, Nevada Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2730 N. Deer Run Road
Carson City, Nevada 89701
http://nevada.usgs.gov/
USGS Techniques and Methods 4-F4: Advanced Methods for Modeling Water-Levels and Estimating Drawdowns with SeriesSEE, an Excel Add-In
\n","publishedDate":"2012-12-21","revisedDate":"2016-07-18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e5cfdee4b0a4aa5bb0ae68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Halford, Keith 0000-0002-7322-1846","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7322-1846","contributorId":74845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halford","given":"Keith","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garcia, C. Amanda 0000-0003-3776-3565 cgarcia@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3776-3565","contributorId":1899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia","given":"C.","email":"cgarcia@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Amanda","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fenelon, Joe","contributorId":70266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fenelon","given":"Joe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mirus, Benjamin B.","contributorId":12348,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mirus","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":7043,"text":"University of North Carolina","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":470797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70042113,"text":"ds740 - 2012 - Quality of surface-water runoff in selected streams in the San Antonio segment of the Edwards aquifer recharge zone, Bexar County, Texas, 1997-2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-05T14:30:25","indexId":"ds740","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"740","title":"Quality of surface-water runoff in selected streams in the San Antonio segment of the Edwards aquifer recharge zone, Bexar County, Texas, 1997-2012","docAbstract":"
During 1997–2012, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the San Antonio Water System, collected and analyzed water-quality constituents in surface-water runoff from five ephemeral stream sites near San Antonio in northern Bexar County, Texas. The data were collected to assess the quality of surface water that recharges the Edwards aquifer. Samples were collected from four stream basins that had small amounts of developed land at the onset of the study but were predicted to undergo substantial development over a period of several decades. Water-quality samples also were collected from a fifth stream basin located on land protected from development to provide reference data by representing undeveloped land cover. Water-quality data included pH, specific conductance, chemical oxygen demand, dissolved solids (filtered residue on evaporation in milligrams per liter, dried at 180 degrees Celsius), suspended solids, major ions, nutrients, trace metals, and pesticides. Trace metal concentration data were compared to the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality established surface water quality standards for human health protection (water and fish). Among all constituents in all samples for which criteria were available for comparison, only one sample had one constituent which exceeded the surface water criteria on one occasion. A single lead concentration (2.76 micrograms per liter) measured in a filtered water sample exceeded the surface water criteria of 1.15 micrograms per liter. The average number of pesticide detections per sample in stream basins undergoing development ranged from 1.8 to 6.0. In contrast, the average number of pesticide detections per sample in the reference stream basin was 0.6. Among all constituents examined in this study, pesticides, dissolved orthophosphate phosphorus, and dissolved total phosphorus demonstrated the largest differences between the four stream basins undergoing development and the reference stream basin with undeveloped land cover.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds740","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the San Antonio Water System","usgsCitation":"Opsahl, S.P., 2012, Quality of surface-water runoff in selected streams in the San Antonio segment of the Edwards aquifer recharge zone, Bexar County, Texas, 1997-2012: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 740, Document: iv, 19 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds740.","productDescription":"Document: iv, 19 p.; Appendix","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-042333","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264727,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_740.png"},{"id":264725,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/740/"},{"id":264726,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/740/DS740.pdf"},{"id":264728,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/740/Appendixes_DS740.xlsx"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Bexar County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -98.8056,29.1104 ], [ -98.8056,29.7606 ], [ -98.1193,29.7606 ], [ -98.1193,29.1104 ], [ -98.8056,29.1104 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e49692e4b0e8fec6cd97f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Opsahl, Stephen P. 0000-0002-4774-0415 sopsahl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4774-0415","contributorId":4713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Opsahl","given":"Stephen","email":"sopsahl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70042112,"text":"sir20125278 - 2012 - Groundwater levels and water-quality observations pertaining to the Austin Group, Bexar County, Texas, 2009-11","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-05T16:22:41","indexId":"sir20125278","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5278","title":"Groundwater levels and water-quality observations pertaining to the Austin Group, Bexar County, Texas, 2009-11","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the San Antonio Water System, examined groundwater-level altitudes (groundwater levels) and water-quality data pertaining to the Austin Group in Bexar County, Texas, during 2009–11. Hydrologic data collected included daily mean groundwater levels collected at seven sites in the study area. Water-quality samples were collected at six sites in the study area and analyzed for major ions, nutrients, trace elements, organic carbon, and stable isotopes. The resulting datasets were examined for similarities between sites as well as similarities to data from the Edwards aquifer in Bexar County, Tex. Similarities in the groundwater levels between sites completed in the Austin Group and site J (State well AY-68-37-203; hereafter referred to as the “Bexar County index well”) which is completed in the Edwards aquifer might be indicative of groundwater interactions between the two hydrologic units as a result of nearby faulting or conduit flow. The groundwater levels measured at the sites in the study area exhibited varying degrees of similarity to the Bexar County index well. Groundwater levels at site A (State well AY-68-36-136) exhibited similar patterns as those at the Bexar County index well, but the hydrographs of groundwater levels were different in shape and magnitude in response to precipitation and groundwater pumping, and at times slightly offset in time. The groundwater level patterns measured at sites C, D, and E (State wells AY-68-29-513, AY-68-29-514, and AY-68-29-512, respectively) were not similar to those measured at the Bexar County index well. Groundwater levels at site F (State well AY-68-29-819) exhibited general similarities as those observed at the Bexar County index well; however, there were several periods of notable groundwater-level drawdowns at site F that were not evident at the Bexar County index well. These drawdowns were likely because of pumping from the well at site F. The groundwater levels at sites H and I (State wells AY-68-37-205 and AY-68-29-932, respectively) exhibited similar patterns as those at the Bexar County index well (coefficient of determination [R2] of 0.99 at both wells), indicating there might be some degree of hydrologic connectivity to the Edwards aquifer.
\nIn general, the water-quality data indicated that the samples were representative of a calcium carbonate dominated system. The major ion chemistry and relations between magnesium to calcium molar ratios and 87Sr/86Sr isotopic ratios of samples collected from sites H and I indicated that the groundwater from these sites was most geochemically similar to groundwater collected from site B (State well AY-68-36-134), which is representative of groundwater in the Edwards aquifer. Of the sites sampled in this study, there appears to be varying hydrologic connectivity between groundwater from wells completed in the Austin Group and the Edwards aquifer.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125278","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the San Antonio Water System","usgsCitation":"Banta, J., and Clark, A., 2012, Groundwater levels and water-quality observations pertaining to the Austin Group, Bexar County, Texas, 2009-11: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5278, Document: iv, 18 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125278.","productDescription":"Document: iv, 18 p.; Appendix","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-042184","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264724,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5278.png"},{"id":264722,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5278/"},{"id":264723,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5278/pdf/sir2012-5278.pdf"},{"id":264729,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5278/downloads/sir2012-5278_app.xlsx"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Bexar County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -98.8056,29.1104 ], [ -98.8056,29.7606 ], [ -98.1193,29.7606 ], [ -98.1193,29.1104 ], [ -98.8056,29.1104 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50de68d3e4b0e31bb02a2995","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banta, J.R.","contributorId":26598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banta","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, Allan K. 0000-0003-0099-1521","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0099-1521","contributorId":79775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Allan K.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70042103,"text":"sir20125223 - 2012 - Sources and sinks of filtered total mercury and concentrations of total mercury of solids and of filtered methylmercury, Sinclair Inlet, Kitsap County, Washington, 2007-10","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-21T15:24:23","indexId":"sir20125223","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5223","title":"Sources and sinks of filtered total mercury and concentrations of total mercury of solids and of filtered methylmercury, Sinclair Inlet, Kitsap County, Washington, 2007-10","docAbstract":"The majority of filtered total mercury in the marine water of Sinclair Inlet originates from salt water flowing from Puget Sound. About 420 grams of filtered total mercury are added to Sinclair Inlet each year from atmospheric, terrestrial, and sedimentary sources, which has increased filtered total mercury concentrations in Sinclair Inlet (0.33 nanograms per liter) to concentrations greater than those of the Puget Sound (0.2 nanograms per liter). The category with the largest loading of filtered total mercury to Sinclair Inlet included diffusion of porewaters from marine sediment to the water column of Sinclair Inlet and discharge through the largest stormwater drain on the Bremerton naval complex, Bremerton, Washington. However, few data are available to estimate porewater and stormwater releases with any certainty. The release from the stormwater drain does not originate from overland flow of stormwater. Rather total mercury on soils is extracted by the chloride ions in seawater as the stormwater is drained and adjacent soils are flushed with seawater by tidal pumping. Filtered total mercury released by an unknown freshwater mechanism also was observed in the stormwater flowing through this drain.\n\nDirect atmospheric deposition on the Sinclair Inlet, freshwater discharge from creek and stormwater basins draining into Sinclair Inlet, and saline discharges from the dry dock sumps of the naval complex are included in the next largest loading category of sources of filtered total mercury. Individual discharges from a municipal wastewater treatment plant and from the industrial steam plant of the naval complex constituted the loading category with the third largest loadings. Stormwater discharge from the shipyard portion of the naval complex and groundwater discharge from the base are included in the loading category with the smallest loading of filtered total mercury.\n\nPresently, the origins of the solids depositing to the sediment of Sinclair Inlet are uncertain, and consequently, concentrations of sediments can be qualitatively compared only to total mercury concentrations of solids suspended in the water column. Concentrations of total mercury of suspended solids from creeks, stormwater, and even wastewater effluent discharging into greater Sinclair Inlet were comparable to concentrations of solids suspended in the water column of Sinclair Inlet. Concentrations of total mercury of suspended solids were significantly lower than those of marine bed sediment of Sinclair Inlet; these suspended solids have been shown to settle in Sinclair Inlet. The settling of suspended solids in the greater Sinclair Inlet and in Operable Unit B Marine of the naval complex likely will result in lower concentrations of total mercury in sediments. Such a decrease in total mercury concentrations was observed in the sediment of Operable Unit B Marine in 2010. However, total mercury concentrations of solids discharged from several sources from the Bremerton naval complex were higher than concentrations in sediment collected from Operable Unit B Marine. The combined loading of solids from these sources is small compared to the amount of solids depositing in OU B Marine. However, total mercury concentration in sediment collected at a monitoring station just offshore one of these sources, the largest stormwater drain on the Bremerton naval complex, increased considerably in 2010.\n\nLow methylmercury concentrations were detected in groundwater, stormwater, and effluents discharged from the Bremerton naval complex. The highest methylmercury concentrations were measured in the porewaters of highly reducing marine sediment in greater Sinclair Inlet. The marine sediment collected off the largest stormwater drain contained low concentrations of methylmercury in porewater because these sediments were not highly reducing.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125223","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Department of the Navy Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Northwest","usgsCitation":"Paulson, A.J., Dinicola, R., Noble, M.A., Wagner, R.J., Huffman, R.L., Moran, P.W., and DeWild, J.F., 2012, Sources and sinks of filtered total mercury and concentrations of total mercury of solids and of filtered methylmercury, Sinclair Inlet, Kitsap County, Washington, 2007-10: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5223, xii, 94 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125223.","productDescription":"xii, 94 p.","numberOfPages":"110","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264721,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5223.jpg"},{"id":264719,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5223/"},{"id":264720,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5223/pdf/sir20125223.pdf"}],"datum":"North American Datum 1983","country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Kitsap","otherGeospatial":"Sinclair Inlet","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -12.035555555555556,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -12.035555555555556,0.001388888888888889 ], [ -12.03361111111111,0.001388888888888889 ], [ -12.03361111111111,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -12.035555555555556,8.333333333333334E-4 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4cc6de4b0e8fec6ce1ea0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paulson, Anthony J. 0000-0002-2358-8834 apaulson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2358-8834","contributorId":5236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paulson","given":"Anthony","email":"apaulson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":470766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dinicola, Richard S. 0000-0003-4222-294X dinicola@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4222-294X","contributorId":352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinicola","given":"Richard S.","email":"dinicola@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Noble, Marlene A. mnoble@usgs.gov","contributorId":1429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noble","given":"Marlene","email":"mnoble@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wagner, Richard J. rjwagner@usgs.gov","contributorId":3122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Richard","email":"rjwagner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Huffman, Raegan L. 0000-0001-8523-5439 rhuffman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8523-5439","contributorId":1638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huffman","given":"Raegan","email":"rhuffman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Moran, Patrick W. 0000-0002-2002-3539 pwmoran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2002-3539","contributorId":489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"Patrick","email":"pwmoran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"DeWild, John F. 0000-0003-4097-2798 jfdewild@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4097-2798","contributorId":2525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWild","given":"John","email":"jfdewild@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70042070,"text":"ofr20121270 - 2012 - Fish population and habitat analysis in Buck Creek, Washington, prior to recolonization by anadromous salmonids after the removal of Condit Dam","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-21T12:33:25","indexId":"ofr20121270","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1270","title":"Fish population and habitat analysis in Buck Creek, Washington, prior to recolonization by anadromous salmonids after the removal of Condit Dam","docAbstract":"We assessed the physical and biotic conditions in the part of Buck Creek, Washington, potentially accessible to anadromous fishes. This creek is a major tributary to the White Salmon River upstream of Condit Dam, which was breached in October 2011. Habitat and fish populations were characterized in four stream reaches. Reach breaks were based on stream gradient, water withdrawals, and fish barriers. Buck Creek generally was confined, with a single straight channel and low sinuosity. Boulders and cobble were the dominant stream substrate, with limited gravel available for spawning. Large-cobble riffles were 83 percent of the available fish habitat. Pools, comprising 15 percent of the surface area, mostly were formed by bedrock with little instream cover and low complexity. Instream wood averaged 6—10 pieces per 100 meters, 80 percent of which was less than 50 centimeters in diameter. Water temperature in Buck Creek rarely exceeded 16 degrees Celsius and did so for only 1 day at river kilometer (rkm) 3 and 11 days at rkm 0.2 in late July and early August 2009. The maximum temperature recorded was 17.2 degrees Celsius at rkm 0.2 on August 2, 2009. Minimum summer discharge in Buck Creek was 3.3 cubic feet per second downstream of an irrigation diversion (rkm 3.1) and 7.7 cubic feet per second at its confluence with the White Salmon River. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was the dominant fish species in all reaches. The abundance of age-1 or older rainbow trout was similar between reaches. However, in 2009 and 2010, the greatest abundance of age-0 rainbow trout (8 fish per meter) was in the most downstream reach. These analyses in Buck Creek are important for understanding the factors that may limit fish abundance and productivity, and they will help identify and prioritize potential restoration actions. The data collected constitute baseline information of pre-dam removal conditions that will allow assessment of changes in fish populations now that Condit Dam has been removed and anadromous fish have an opportunity to recolonize Buck Creek.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121270","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Yakama Nation","usgsCitation":"Allen, M.B., Burkhardt, J., Munz, C., and Connolly, P., 2012, Fish population and habitat analysis in Buck Creek, Washington, prior to recolonization by anadromous salmonids after the removal of Condit Dam: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1270, vi, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121270.","productDescription":"vi, 38 p.","numberOfPages":"48","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264718,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1270.jpg"},{"id":264717,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1270/pdf/ofr20121270.pdf"},{"id":264716,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1270/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Buck Creek;Condit Dam;White Salmon River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.57,45.76 ], [ -121.57,45.85 ], [ -121.51,45.85 ], [ -121.51,45.76 ], [ -121.57,45.76 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d4cbcae4b0c6073c902059","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, M. Brady","contributorId":18874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Brady","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burkhardt, Jeanette","contributorId":15496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkhardt","given":"Jeanette","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Munz, Carrie","contributorId":98191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munz","given":"Carrie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Connolly, Patrick J. 0000-0001-7365-7618 pconnolly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7365-7618","contributorId":2920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connolly","given":"Patrick J.","email":"pconnolly@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70042046,"text":"sir20125259 - 2012 - Multilevel groundwater monitoring of hydraulic head and temperature in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho, 2009–10","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-21T10:16:44","indexId":"sir20125259","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5259","title":"Multilevel groundwater monitoring of hydraulic head and temperature in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho, 2009–10","docAbstract":"During 2009 and 2010, the U.S. Geological Survey’s Idaho National Laboratory Project Office, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, collected quarterly, depth-discrete measurements of fluid pressure and temperature in nine boreholes located in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer. Each borehole was instrumented with a multilevel monitoring system consisting of a series of valved measurement ports, packer bladders, casing segments, and couplers. Multilevel monitoring at the Idaho National Laboratory has been ongoing since 2006. This report summarizes data collected from three multilevel monitoring wells installed during 2009 and 2010 and presents updates to six multilevel monitoring wells. Hydraulic heads (heads) and groundwater temperatures were monitored from 9 multilevel monitoring wells, including 120 hydraulically isolated depth intervals from 448.0 to 1,377.6 feet below land surface.\n\nQuarterly head and temperature profiles reveal unique patterns for vertical examination of the aquifer’s complex basalt and sediment stratigraphy, proximity to aquifer recharge and discharge, and groundwater flow. These features contribute to some of the localized variability even though the general profile shape remained consistent over the period of record. Major inflections in the head profiles almost always coincided with low-permeability sediment layers and occasionally thick sequences of dense basalt. However, the presence of a sediment layer or dense basalt layer was insufficient for identifying the location of a major head change within a borehole without knowing the true areal extent and relative transmissivity of the lithologic unit. Temperature profiles for boreholes completed within the Big Lost Trough indicate linear conductive trends; whereas, temperature profiles for boreholes completed within the axial volcanic high indicate mostly convective heat transfer resulting from the vertical movement of groundwater. Additionally, temperature profiles provide evidence for stratification and mixing of water types along the southern boundary of the Idaho National Laboratory.\n\nVertical head and temperature change were quantified for each of the nine multilevel monitoring systems. The vertical head gradients were defined for the major inflections in the head profiles and were as high as 2.1 feet per foot. Low vertical head gradients indicated potential vertical connectivity and flow, and large gradient inflections indicated zones of relatively low vertical connectivity. Generally, zones that primarily are composed of fractured basalt displayed relatively small vertical head differences. Large head differences were attributed to poor vertical connectivity between fracture units because of sediment layering and/or dense basalt. Groundwater temperatures in all boreholes ranged from 10.2 to 16.3˚C.\n\nNormalized mean hydraulic head values were analyzed for all nine multilevel monitoring wells for the period of record (2007-10). The mean head values suggest a moderately positive correlation among all boreholes, which reflects regional fluctuations in water levels in response to seasonality. However, the temporal trend is slightly different when the location is considered; wells located along the southern boundary, within the axial volcanic high, show a strongly positive correlation.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125259","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy","usgsCitation":"Twining, B.V., and Fisher, J.C., 2012, Multilevel groundwater monitoring of hydraulic head and temperature in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho, 2009–10: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5259, Report: vii, 44 p.; Appendicies A-G, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125259.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 44 p.; Appendicies A-G","numberOfPages":"56","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-034180","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264704,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5259.jpg"},{"id":264695,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5259/"},{"id":264696,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5259/pdf/sir20125259_AppA.pdf"},{"id":264697,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5259/pdf/sir20125259.pdf"},{"id":264698,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5259/pdf/sir20125259_AppC.pdf"},{"id":264699,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5259/pdf/sir20125259_AppB.pdf"},{"id":264700,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5259/pdf/sir20125259_AppD.pdf"},{"id":264701,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5259/pdf/sir20125259_AppE.pdf"},{"id":264702,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5259/pdf/sir20125259_AppF.pdf"},{"id":264703,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5259/pdf/sir20125259_AppG.pdf"}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1927","country":"United States","state":"Idaho","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -113.75,43.25 ], [ -113.75,49.75 ], [ -112.25,49.75 ], [ -112.25,43.25 ], [ -113.75,43.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d49663e4b0c6073c901f4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Twining, Brian V. 0000-0003-1321-4721 btwining@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1321-4721","contributorId":2387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twining","given":"Brian","email":"btwining@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisher, Jason C. 0000-0001-9032-8912 jfisher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9032-8912","contributorId":2523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Jason","email":"jfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70042027,"text":"sir20125220 - 2012 - Use of classes based on redox and groundwater age to characterize the susceptibility of principal aquifers to changes in nitrate concentrations, 1991 to 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-20T15:25:15","indexId":"sir20125220","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5220","title":"Use of classes based on redox and groundwater age to characterize the susceptibility of principal aquifers to changes in nitrate concentrations, 1991 to 2010","docAbstract":"The National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program of the U.S. Geological Survey is using multiple approaches to measure and explain trends in concentrations of nitrate in principal aquifers of the United States. Near decadal sampling of selected well networks is providing information on where long-term changes in nitrate concentrations have occurred. Because those studies do not include all the NAWQA well networks, a determination has yet to be made as to what might be expected in networks from which timeseries data have not been collected. Characterizing aquifer susceptibility to changes in nitrate concentrations on the basis of data collected from all the NAWQA well networks would be a step toward extrapolating findings from those studies to broader regions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125220","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"McMahon, P., 2012, Use of classes based on redox and groundwater age to characterize the susceptibility of principal aquifers to changes in nitrate concentrations, 1991 to 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5220, vii, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125220.","productDescription":"vii, 40 p.","numberOfPages":"51","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264679,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5220.gif"},{"id":264677,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5220/"},{"id":264678,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5220/sir2012-5220.pdf"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d391dee4b062c7914ebda5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMahon, P.B. 0000-0001-7452-2379","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":10762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"P.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70041973,"text":"tm7C7 - 2012 - Approaches in highly parameterized inversion: TSPROC, a general time-series processor to assist in model calibration and result summarization","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-20T09:12:25","indexId":"tm7C7","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"7-C7","title":"Approaches in highly parameterized inversion: TSPROC, a general time-series processor to assist in model calibration and result summarization","docAbstract":"The TSPROC (Time Series PROCessor) computer software uses a simple scripting language to process and analyze time series. It was developed primarily to assist in the calibration of environmental models. The software is designed to perform calculations on time-series data commonly associated with surface-water models, including calculation of flow volumes, transformation by means of basic arithmetic operations, and generation of seasonal and annual statistics and hydrologic indices. TSPROC can also be used to generate some of the key input files required to perform parameter optimization by means of the PEST (Parameter ESTimation) computer software. Through the use of TSPROC, the objective function for use in the model-calibration process can be focused on specific components of a hydrograph.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm7C7","collaboration":"Great Lakes Restoration Initiative","usgsCitation":"Westenbroek, S.M., Doherty, J., Walker, J.F., Kelson, V.A., Hunt, R.J., and Cera, T.B., 2012, Approaches in highly parameterized inversion: TSPROC, a general time-series processor to assist in model calibration and result summarization: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 7-C7, Report: viii, 101 p.; Download Software, https://doi.org/10.3133/tm7C7.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 101 p.; Download Software","numberOfPages":"112","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264662,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm_7_c7.gif"},{"id":264659,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/tm7c7/"},{"id":264661,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://wi.water.usgs.gov/models/tsproc/index.html"},{"id":264660,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/tm7c7/pdf/TM7_C7_112712.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d391b7e4b062c7914ebd82","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Westenbroek, Stephen M. 0000-0002-6284-8643 smwesten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6284-8643","contributorId":2210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westenbroek","given":"Stephen","email":"smwesten@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doherty, John","contributorId":43843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doherty","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walker, John F. jfwalker@usgs.gov","contributorId":1081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"John","email":"jfwalker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kelson, Victor A.","contributorId":41713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelson","given":"Victor","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hunt, Randall J. 0000-0001-6465-9304 rjhunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-9304","contributorId":1129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Randall","email":"rjhunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cera, Timothy B.","contributorId":79771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cera","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70042036,"text":"ds723 - 2012 - Chemicals of emerging concern in water and bottom sediment in Great Lakes areas of concern, 2010 to 2011-Collection methods, analyses methods, quality assurance, and data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-07-01T18:44:27.845368","indexId":"ds723","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"723","title":"Chemicals of emerging concern in water and bottom sediment in Great Lakes areas of concern, 2010 to 2011-Collection methods, analyses methods, quality assurance, and data","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) cooperated with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service on a study to identify the occurrence of chemicals of emerging concern (CECs) in water and bottom-sediment samples collected during 2010–11 at sites in seven areas of concern (AOCs) throughout the Great Lakes. Study sites include tributaries to the Great Lakes in AOCs located near Duluth, Minn.; Green Bay, Wis.; Rochester, N.Y.; Detroit, Mich.; Toledo, Ohio; Milwaukee, Wis.; and Ashtabula, Ohio. This report documents the collection methods, analyses methods, quality-assurance data and analyses, and provides the data for this study. Water and bottom-sediment samples were analyzed at the USGS National Water Quality Laboratory in Denver, Colo., for a broad suite of CECs. During this study, 135 environmental and 23 field duplicate samples of surface water and wastewater effluent, 10 field blank water samples, and 11 field spike water samples were collected and analyzed. Sixty-one of the 69 wastewater indicator chemicals (laboratory method 4433) analyzed were detected at concentrations ranging from 0.002 to 11.2 micrograms per liter. Twenty-eight of the 48 pharmaceuticals (research method 8244) analyzed were detected at concentrations ranging from 0.0029 to 22.0 micrograms per liter. Ten of the 20 steroid hormones and sterols analyzed (research method 4434) were detected at concentrations ranging from 0.16 to 10,000 nanograms per liter. During this study, 75 environmental, 13 field duplicate samples, and 9 field spike samples of bottom sediment were collected and analyzed for a wide variety of CECs. Forty-seven of the 57 wastewater indicator chemicals (laboratory method 5433) analyzed were detected at concentrations ranging from 0.921 to 25,800 nanograms per gram. Seventeen of the 20 steroid hormones and sterols (research method 6434) analyzed were detected at concentrations ranging from 0.006 to 8,921 nanograms per gram. Twelve of the 20 pharmaceuticals (research method 8244) analyzed were detected at concentrations ranging from 2.35 to 453.5 nanograms per gram. Six of the 11 antidepressants (research method 9008) analyzed were detected at concentrations ranging from 2.79 to 91.6 nanograms per gram.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds723","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Lee, K., Langer, S.K., Menheer, M.A., Foreman, W., Furlong, E.T., and Smith, S.G., 2012, Chemicals of emerging concern in water and bottom sediment in Great Lakes areas of concern, 2010 to 2011-Collection methods, analyses methods, quality assurance, and data: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 723, Report: v, 26 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds723.","productDescription":"Report: v, 26 p.; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-036251","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264683,"rank":4,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_723.gif"},{"id":264680,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/723/"},{"id":264681,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/723/DS723.pdf"},{"id":264682,"rank":1,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/723/downloads/"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.2790143901003,\n 49.913888241283644\n ],\n [\n -75.18132968464128,\n 49.913888241283644\n ],\n [\n -75.18132968464128,\n 40.57988977474048\n ],\n [\n -92.2790143901003,\n 40.57988977474048\n ],\n [\n -92.2790143901003,\n 49.913888241283644\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d391bce4b062c7914ebd86","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Kathy 0000-0002-7683-1367 klee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7683-1367","contributorId":2538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Kathy","email":"klee@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Langer, Susan K. slanger@usgs.gov","contributorId":107824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langer","given":"Susan","email":"slanger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Menheer, Michael A. menheer@usgs.gov","contributorId":3042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Menheer","given":"Michael","email":"menheer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Foreman, William T. wforeman@usgs.gov","contributorId":1473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foreman","given":"William T.","email":"wforeman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":470644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Furlong, Edward T. 0000-0002-7305-4603 efurlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"Edward","email":"efurlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smith, Steven G. sgsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":1560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Steven","email":"sgsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":470645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70042024,"text":"sir20125237 - 2012 - Numerical model simulations of nitrate concentrations in groundwater using various nitrogen input scenarios, mid-Snake region, south-central Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-20T14:00:23","indexId":"sir20125237","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5237","title":"Numerical model simulations of nitrate concentrations in groundwater using various nitrogen input scenarios, mid-Snake region, south-central Idaho","docAbstract":"As part of the U.S. Geological Survey’s National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program nitrate transport in groundwater was modeled in the mid-Snake River region in south-central Idaho to project future concentrations of nitrate. Model simulation results indicated that nitrate concentrations would continue to increase over time, eventually exceeding the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminant level for drinking water of 10 milligrams per liter in some areas. A subregional groundwater model simulated the change of nitrate concentrations in groundwater over time in response to three nitrogen input scenarios: (1) nitrogen input fixed at 2008 levels; (2) nitrogen input increased from 2008 to 2028 using the same rate of increase as the average rate of increase during the previous 10 years (1998 through 2008); after 2028, nitrogen input is fixed at 2028 levels; and (3) nitrogen input related to agriculture completely halted, with only nitrogen input from precipitation remaining. Scenarios 1 and 2 project that nitrate concentrations in groundwater continue to increase from 10 to 50 years beyond the year nitrogen input is fixed, depending on the location in the model area. Projected nitrate concentrations in groundwater increase by as much as 2–4 milligrams per liter in many areas, with nitrate concentrations in some areas reaching 10 milligrams per liter. Scenario 3, although unrealistic, estimates how long (20–50 years) it would take nitrate in groundwater to return to background concentrations—the “flushing time” of the system. The amount of nitrate concentration increase cannot be explained solely by differences in nitrogen input; in fact, some areas with the highest amount of nitrogen input have the lowest increase in nitrate concentration. The geometry of the aquifer and the pattern of regional groundwater flow through the aquifer greatly influence nitrate concentrations. The aquifer thins toward discharge areas along the Snake River which forces upward convergence of good-quality regional groundwater that mixes with the nitrate-laden groundwater in the uppermost parts of the aquifer, which results in lowered nitrate concentrations. A new method of inputting nitrogen to the subregional groundwater model was used that prorates nitrogen input by the probability of detecting nitrate concentrations greater than 2 mg/L. The probability map is based on correlations with physical factors, and prorates an existing nitrogen input dataset providing an estimate of nitrogen flux to the water table that accounts for new factors such as soil properties. The effectiveness of this updated nitrogen input method was evaluated using the software UCODE_2005.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125237","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Skinner, K.D., and Rupert, M.G., 2012, Numerical model simulations of nitrate concentrations in groundwater using various nitrogen input scenarios, mid-Snake region, south-central Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5237, viii, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125237.","productDescription":"viii, 30 p.","numberOfPages":"42","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264676,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5237.jpg"},{"id":264674,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5237/"},{"id":264675,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5237/pdf/sir20125237.pdf"}],"datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Mid-snake Region","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115.50,42.25 ], [ -115.50,43.50 ], [ -112.50,43.50 ], [ -112.50,42.25 ], [ -115.50,42.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d391d1e4b062c7914ebd99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Skinner, Kenneth D. 0000-0003-1774-6565 kskinner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1774-6565","contributorId":1836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skinner","given":"Kenneth","email":"kskinner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rupert, Michael G. mgrupert@usgs.gov","contributorId":1194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rupert","given":"Michael","email":"mgrupert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70041934,"text":"sir20125122 - 2012 - Simulation of groundwater flow and hydrologic effects of groundwater withdrawals from the Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system in the Pinelands of southern New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-19T13:01:59","indexId":"sir20125122","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5122","title":"Simulation of groundwater flow and hydrologic effects of groundwater withdrawals from the Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system in the Pinelands of southern New Jersey","docAbstract":"The Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system is an important source of present and future water supply in southern New Jersey. Because this unconfined aquifer system also supports sensitive wetland and aquatic habitats within the New Jersey Pinelands (Pinelands), water managers and policy makers need up-to-date information, data, and projections that show the effects of potential increases in groundwater withdrawals on these habitats. Finite-difference groundwater flow models (MODFLOW) were constructed for three drainage basins (McDonalds Branch Basin, 14.3 square kilometers (km2); Morses Mill Stream Basin, 21.63 km2; and Albertson Brook Basin, 52.27 km2) to estimate the effects of potential increases in groundwater withdrawals on water levels and the base-flow portion of streamflow, in wetland and aquatic habitats. Three models were constructed for each drainage basin: a transient model consisting of twenty-four 1-month stress periods (October 2004 through September 2006); a transient model to simulate the 5- to 10-day aquifer tests that were performed as part of the study; and a high-resolution, steady-state model used to assess long-term effects of increased groundwater withdrawals on water levels in wetlands and on base flow. All models were constructed with the same eight-layer structure. The smallest horizontal cell dimensions among the three model areas were 150 meters (m) for the 24-month transient models, 10 m for the steady-state models, and 3 m for the transient aquifer-test models. Boundary flows of particular interest to this study and represented separately are those for wetlands, streams, and evapotranspiration. The final variables calibrated from both transient models were then used in steady-state models to assess the long-term effects of increased groundwater withdrawals on water levels in wetlands and on base flow. Results of aquifer tests conducted in the three study areas illustrate the effects of withdrawals on water levels in wetlands and on base flow. Pumping stresses at aquifer-test sites resulted in measurable drawdown in each observation well installed for the tests. The magnitude of drawdown in shallow wetland observation wells at the end of pumping ranged from 5.5 to 16.7 centimeters (cm). The stresses induced by the respective tests reduced the flow of the smallest stream (McDonalds Branch) by 75 percent and slightly reduced flow in a side channel of Morses Mill Stream, but did not measurably affect the flow of Morses Mill Stream or Albertson Brook. Results of aquifer-test simulations were used to refine the estimates of hydraulic properties used in the models and to confirm the ability of the model to replicate observed hydrologic responses to pumping. Steady-state sensitivity simulation results for a variety of single well locations and depths were used to define overall “best-case” (smallest effect on wetland water levels and base flow) and “worst-case” (greatest effect on wetland water levels and base flow) groundwater withdrawal configurations. “Best-case” configurations are those for which the extent of the wetland areas within a 1-kilometer (km) radius of the withdrawal well is minimized, the well is located at least 100 m and as far from wetland boundaries as possible, and the withdrawal is from a deep well (50–90 m deep). “Worst-case” configurations are those for which the extent of wetlands within a 1-km radius of the withdrawal well is maximized, the well is located 100 m or less from a wetland boundary, and the withdrawal is from a relatively shallow well (30–67 m deep). “Best-” and “worst-case” simulations were applied by locating hypothetical wells across the study areas and assigning groundwater withdrawals so that the sum of the withdrawals for the basin is equal to 5, 10, 15, and 30 percent of overall recharge. The results were compared to the results of simulations of no groundwater withdrawals. Results for withdrawals of 5 percent of recharge show that the area of wetland water-level decline that exceeded 15 cm was as much as 1.5 percent of the total wetland area for the “best-case” simulations and as much as 9.7 percent of the total wetland area for the “worst-case” simulations. For the same withdrawals, base-flow reduction was as much as 5.1 percent for the “best-case” simulations and as much as 8.6 percent for the “worst-case” simulations. Results for withdrawals of 30 percent of recharge show that the area of wetland water-level decline that exceeded 15 cm was as much as 70 percent of the total wetland area for the “best-case” simulations and as much as 84 percent of the total wetland area for the “worst-case” simulations. For the same withdrawals, base-flow reduction was as much as 30 percent for the “best-case” simulations and as much as 51 percent for the “worst-case” simulations. Results for withdrawals of 10 and 15 percent of recharge show decreased water levels and base flow that are intermediate between those simulated for 5 and 30 percent of recharge. Several approaches for applying the results of this study to other parts of the Pinelands were explored. An analytical-modeling technique based on the Thiem equation and image-well theory was developed to estimate local drawdown distributions resulting from withdrawals in other areas within the Pinelands. Results of example applications of this technique were compared with those of the numerical simulations used in this study and were shown to be useful. Differences among the three basins in the simulated percentage of basin wetlands affected by drawdown were found to be related to the proximity of wetlands to streams, the proximity of wetlands to pumped wells, and the vertical conductance of the aquifer system. These factors formed the basis for an index of wetland vulnerability to drawdown. An empirically-derived model based on the Gompertz function and the wetland vulnerability index was developed, tested, and shown to be an effective means to evaluate potential drawdown in wetlands at a basin scale throughout the Pinelands. Base-flow reduction can be estimated from generalized results of the numerical models, estimates of evapotranspiration reduction, or available regional groundwater flow models. These approaches could be used to evaluate alternative water-supply strategies and, in conjunction with ecological-modeling results, to determine maximum basin withdrawal rates within the limits of acceptable ecological change.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125122","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Pinelands Commission","usgsCitation":"Charles, E.G., and Nicholson, R.S., 2012, Simulation of groundwater flow and hydrologic effects of groundwater withdrawals from the Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system in the Pinelands of southern New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5122, xviii, 219 p.; col. ill.; maps (col.); Apendices: 1-2, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125122.","productDescription":"xviii, 219 p.; col. ill.; maps (col.); Apendices: 1-2","startPage":"i","endPage":"219","numberOfPages":"242","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264138,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5122.png"},{"id":264136,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5122/"},{"id":264137,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5122/support/sir2012-5122.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.5598,38.9286 ], [ -75.5598,41.3574 ], [ -73.9025,41.3574 ], [ -73.9025,38.9286 ], [ -75.5598,38.9286 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d391d5e4b062c7914ebd9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Charles, Emmanuel G. 0000-0002-3338-4958 echarles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3338-4958","contributorId":4280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charles","given":"Emmanuel","email":"echarles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nicholson, Robert S. rnichol@usgs.gov","contributorId":2283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicholson","given":"Robert","email":"rnichol@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70041950,"text":"70041950 - 2012 - Summer-time use of west coast U. S. National Marine Sanctuaries by migrating sooty shearwaters (Puffinus griseus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-19T15:04:59","indexId":"70041950","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Summer-time use of west coast U. S. National Marine Sanctuaries by migrating sooty shearwaters (Puffinus griseus)","docAbstract":"Non-breeding sooty shearwaters are the most abundant seabird in the California Current Large Marine\nEcosystem (CCLME) during boreal spring and summer months. This, combined with relatively great\nenergy demands, reliance on patchy, shoaling prey (krill, squid, and forage fishes), and unconstrained\nmobility free from central-place-foraging demands—make shearwaters useful indicators of ecosystem\nvariability. During 2008 and 2009, we used satellite telemetry to evaluate shearwater ranging patterns\nthroughout the CCLME and specifically within the US Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) among birds captured\nat three locations: Columbia River Plume, WA; Monterey Bay, CA; and Santa Barbara Channel,\nCA. Shearwaters ranged throughout the entire CCLME from southeast Alaska to southern Baja California,\nMexico. Within the EEZ during 2008 and 2009, shearwaters spent 68% and 46% of time over the shelf\n(<200 m), 27% and 43% of time over the slope (200–1000 m), and 5% and 11% of time over the continental\nrise and abyssal regions (>1000 m), respectively. In 2008 and 2009, shearwaters spent 22% and 25% of\ntheir time in the EEZ within the five west coast National Marine Sanctuaries, respectively; high utilization\noccurred in non-sanctuary waters of the EEZ. Shearwater utilization distribution (based on the Brownianbridge\nmovement model) among sanctuaries was disproportionate according to sanctuary availability\n(based on area) within the EEZ. Shearwaters utilized the Monterey Bay sanctuary (2008, 2009) and the\nChannel Islands sanctuary (2009) disproportionately more than other sanctuaries. Although all five sanctuaries\nwere used by shearwaters, waters outside sanctuary zones appeared significantly more important\nand likely supported large aggregations of shearwaters. Utilization distributions among individual birds\nfrom three discrete capture locations were variable and revealed greater similarity in space-use sharing\nwithin capture-location groupings and during 2008 when shearwaters were more aggregated than in\n2009. We identified several regional ‘‘habitat hotspot’’ areas, including the Columbia River Plume, Cape\nBlanco, Monterey Bay, Estero/San Luis Obispo Bays, and the eastern Santa Barbara Channel through the\ninner Southern California Bight.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2011.12.032","usgsCitation":"Adams, J., MacLeod, C., Suryan, R., Hyrenbach, K.D., and Harvey, J.T., 2012, Summer-time use of west coast U. S. National Marine Sanctuaries by migrating sooty shearwaters (Puffinus griseus): Biological Conservation, v. 156, p. 105-116, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2011.12.032.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"105","endPage":"116","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-029386","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264645,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264646,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2011.12.032"}],"country":"United States","state":"California;Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River Plume;Monterey Bay;Santa Barbara Channel","volume":"156","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d391dae4b062c7914ebda1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, Josh 0000-0003-3056-925X josh_adams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3056-925X","contributorId":2422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Josh","email":"josh_adams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"MacLeod, Catriona","contributorId":33601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacLeod","given":"Catriona","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Suryan, Robert M.","contributorId":101799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suryan","given":"Robert M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hyrenbach, K. David","contributorId":96173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hyrenbach","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Harvey, James T.","contributorId":31631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70041920,"text":"sir20125236 - 2012 - Numerical simulation of groundwater movement and managed aquifer recharge from Sand Hollow Reservoir, Hurricane Bench area, Washington County, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-04T10:28:36","indexId":"sir20125236","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5236","title":"Numerical simulation of groundwater movement and managed aquifer recharge from Sand Hollow Reservoir, Hurricane Bench area, Washington County, Utah","docAbstract":"The Hurricane Bench area of Washington County, Utah, is a 70 square-mile area extending south from the Virgin River and encompassing Sand Hollow basin. Sand Hollow Reservoir, located on Hurricane Bench, was completed in March 2002 and is operated primarily as a managed aquifer recharge project by the Washington County Water Conservancy District. The reservoir is situated on a thick sequence of the Navajo Sandstone and Kayenta Formation. Total recharge to the underlying Navajo aquifer from the reservoir was about 86,000 acre-feet from 2002 to 2009. Natural recharge as infiltration of precipitation was approximately 2,100 acre-feet per year for the same period. Discharge occurs as seepage to the Virgin River, municipal and irrigation well withdrawals, and seepage to drains at the base of reservoir dams. Within the Hurricane Bench area, unconfined groundwater-flow conditions generally exist throughout the Navajo Sandstone. Navajo Sandstone hydraulic-conductivity values from regional aquifer testing range from 0.8 to 32 feet per day. The large variability in hydraulic conductivity is attributed to bedrock fractures that trend north-northeast across the study area.
A numerical groundwater-flow model was developed to simulate groundwater movement in the Hurricane Bench area and to simulate the movement of managed aquifer recharge from Sand Hollow Reservoir through the groundwater system. The model was calibrated to combined steady- and transient-state conditions. The steady-state portion of the simulation was developed and calibrated by using hydrologic data that represented average conditions for 1975. The transient-state portion of the simulation was developed and calibrated by using hydrologic data collected from 1976 to 2009. Areally, the model grid was 98 rows by 76 columns with a variable cell size ranging from about 1.5 to 25 acres. Smaller cells were used to represent the reservoir to accurately simulate the reservoir bathymetry and nearby monitoring wells; larger cells were used in the northern and southern portions of the model where water-level data were limited. Vertically, the aquifer system was divided into 10 layers, which incorporated the Navajo Sandstone and Kayenta Formation. The model simulated recharge to the groundwater system as natural infiltration of precipitation and as infiltration of managed aquifer recharge from Sand Hollow Reservoir. Groundwater discharge was simulated as well withdrawals, shallow drains at the base of reservoir dams, and seepage to the Virgin River. During calibration, variables were adjusted within probable ranges to minimize differences among model-simulated and observed water levels, groundwater travel times, drain discharges, and monthly estimated reservoir recharge.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125236","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Washington County Water Conservancy District","usgsCitation":"Marston, T.M., and Heilweil, V.M., 2012, Numerical simulation of groundwater movement and managed aquifer recharge from Sand Hollow Reservoir, Hurricane Bench area, Washington County, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5236, vi, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125236.","productDescription":"vi, 34 p.","numberOfPages":"44","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264131,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5236.jpg"},{"id":264129,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5236/"},{"id":264130,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5236/pdf/sir20125236.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Washington County","otherGeospatial":"Sand Hollow Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -113.39374,37.101658 ], [ -113.39374,37.127394 ], [ -113.35936,37.127394 ], [ -113.35936,37.101658 ], [ -113.39374,37.101658 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d20bace4b08b071e771b34","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marston, Thomas M. 0000-0003-1053-4172 tmarston@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1053-4172","contributorId":3272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marston","given":"Thomas","email":"tmarston@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heilweil, Victor M. heilweil@usgs.gov","contributorId":837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heilweil","given":"Victor","email":"heilweil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70041880,"text":"ofr20121251 - 2012 - Updates to watershed modeling in the Potholes Reservoir basin, Washington-a supplement to Scientific Investigation Report 2009-5081","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-18T14:27:18","indexId":"ofr20121251","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1251","title":"Updates to watershed modeling in the Potholes Reservoir basin, Washington-a supplement to Scientific Investigation Report 2009-5081","docAbstract":"A previous collaborative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey and the Bureau of Reclamation resulted in a watershed model for four watersheds that discharge into Potholes Reservoir, Washington. Since the model was constructed, two new meteorological sites have been established that provide more reliable real-time information. The Bureau of Reclamation was interested in incorporating this new information into the existing watershed model developed in 2009, and adding measured snowpack information to update simulated results and to improve forecasts of runoff. This report includes descriptions of procedures to aid a user in making model runs, including a description of the Object User Interface for the watershed model with details on specific keystrokes to generate model runs for the contributing basins. A new real-time, data-gathering computer program automates the creation of the model input files and includes the new meteorological sites. The 2009 watershed model was updated with the new sites and validated by comparing simulated results to measured data. As in the previous study, the updated model (2012 model) does a poor job of simulating individual storms, but a reasonably good job of simulating seasonal runoff volumes. At three streamflow-gaging stations, the January 1 to June 30 retrospective forecasts of runoff volume for years 2010 and 2011 were within 40 percent of the measured runoff volume for five of the six comparisons, ranging from -39.4 to 60.3 percent difference. A procedure for collecting measured snowpack data and using the data in the watershed model for forecast model runs, based on the Ensemble Streamflow Prediction method, is described, with an example that uses 2004 snow-survey data.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121251","collaboration":"For additional information see SIR 2009-5081.","usgsCitation":"Mastin, M., 2012, Updates to watershed modeling in the Potholes Reservoir basin, Washington-a supplement to Scientific Investigation Report 2009-5081: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1251, vii, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121251.","productDescription":"vii, 52 p.","numberOfPages":"59","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264116,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1251.jpg"},{"id":264114,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1251/"},{"id":264115,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1251/pdf/ofr20121251.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Potholes Reservoir Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.50,47.83 ], [ -119.50,48.16 ], [ -117.83,48.16 ], [ -117.83,47.83 ], [ -119.50,47.83 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d20bb4e4b08b071e771b3c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mastin, Mark","contributorId":41312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastin","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}