{"pageNumber":"653","pageRowStart":"16300","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68919,"records":[{"id":70041196,"text":"70041196 - 2012 - Geomorphic response to flow regulation and channel and floodplain alteration in the gravel-bedded Cedar River, Washington, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-30T10:08:46","indexId":"70041196","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geomorphic response to flow regulation and channel and floodplain alteration in the gravel-bedded Cedar River, Washington, USA","docAbstract":"Decadal- to annual-scale analyses of changes to the fluvial form and processes of the Cedar River in Washington State, USA, reveal the effects of flow regulation, bank stabilization, and log-jam removal on a gravel-bedded river in a temperate climate. During the twentieth century, revetments were built along ~ 60% of the lower Cedar River's length and the 2-year return period flow decreased by 47% following flow regulation beginning in 1914. The formerly wide, anastomosing channel narrowed by over 50% from an average of 47 m in 1936 to 23 m in 1989 and became progressively single threaded. Subsequent high flows and localized revetment removal contributed to an increase in mean channel width to about 34 m by 2011. Channel migration rates between 1936 and 2011 were up to 8 m/year in reaches not confined by revetments or valley walls and less than analysis uncertainty throughout most of the Cedar River's length where bank armoring restricted channel movement. In unconfined reaches where large wood and sediment can be recruited, contemporary high flows, though smaller in magnitude than preregulation high flows, form and maintain geomorphic features such as pools, gravel bars, and side channels. Reaches confined by revetments remain mostly unmodified in the regulated flow regime. While high flows are important for maintaining channel dynamics in the Cedar River, their effectiveness is currently reduced by revetments, limited sediment supply, the lack of large wood available for recruitment to the channel, and decreased magnitude since flow regulation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geomorphology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.08.017","usgsCitation":"Gendaszek, A.S., Magirl, C.S., and Czuba, C.R., 2012, Geomorphic response to flow regulation and channel and floodplain alteration in the gravel-bedded Cedar River, Washington, USA: Geomorphology, v. 179, p. 258-268, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.08.017.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"258","endPage":"268","numberOfPages":"11","ipdsId":"IP-039992","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263504,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263500,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.08.017"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Cedar River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.25,47 ], [ -122.25,47.45 ], [ -123,47.45 ], [ -123,47 ], [ -122.25,47 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"179","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50de22dde4b0e31bb02953a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gendaszek, Andrew S. 0000-0002-2373-8986 agendasz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2373-8986","contributorId":3509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gendaszek","given":"Andrew","email":"agendasz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Magirl, Christopher S. 0000-0002-9922-6549 magirl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9922-6549","contributorId":1822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magirl","given":"Christopher","email":"magirl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Czuba, Christiana R. cczuba@usgs.gov","contributorId":4555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Czuba","given":"Christiana","email":"cczuba@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":469450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70040894,"text":"ofr20121216 - 2012 - Proceedings of the workshop on alternative futures: Accounting for growth in the Chesapeake Bay watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-02T14:01:02.89002","indexId":"ofr20121216","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1216","title":"Proceedings of the workshop on alternative futures: Accounting for growth in the Chesapeake Bay watershed","docAbstract":"<p><span>This workshop provided a forum for identifying and discussing policies and assumptions for use in creating regionally consistent alternative future land-use scenarios. The alternative scenarios will help to inform how planning can potentially be used as a primary Best Management Practice by identifying land-use policies and other planning actions that can be taken to minimize future increases in nutrients and sediments associated with the spatial pattern and intensity of land development. The Chesapeake Bay Program Office will run these scenarios through the watershed model to quantify the differences in loadings achieved through implementation of land-use policies and to help assess the uncertainty associated with the current trend forecast. In addition, the outcomes of this workshop can assist jurisdictions in planning for growth with respect to minimizing future increases in nutrient and sediment associated with land development. Ultimately, this workshop was intended to provide jurisdictions with information that can be used to better account for refinement of their Watershed Implementation Plans.</span></p>","conferenceTitle":"Workshop on alternative futures","conferenceDate":"September 15, 2011","conferenceLocation":"Baltimore, MD","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121216","usgsCitation":"2012, Proceedings of the workshop on alternative futures: Accounting for growth in the Chesapeake Bay watershed: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1216, Report: iv, 29 p.; Agenda: 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121216.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 29 p.; Agenda: 2 p.","numberOfPages":"35","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science 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,{"id":70040902,"text":"sir20125249 - 2012 - Hydrogeology and water quality of the Floridan aquifer system and effect of Lower Floridan aquifer pumping on the Upper Floridan aquifer, Pooler, Chatham County, Georgia, 2011–2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-24T17:17:41.465185","indexId":"sir20125249","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5249","title":"Hydrogeology and water quality of the Floridan aquifer system and effect of Lower Floridan aquifer pumping on the Upper Floridan aquifer, Pooler, Chatham County, Georgia, 2011–2012","docAbstract":"Two test wells were completed in Pooler, Georgia, in 2011 to investigate the potential of using the Lower Floridan aquifer as a source of water for municipal use. One well was completed in the Lower Floridan aquifer at a depth of 1,120 feet (ft) below land surface; the other well was completed in the Upper Floridan aquifer at a depth of 486 ft below land surface. At the Pooler test site, the U.S. Geological Survey performed flowmeter surveys, packer-isolated slug tests within the Lower Floridan confining unit, slug tests of the entire Floridan aquifer system, and aquifer tests of the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers. Drill cuttings, geophysical logs, and borehole flowmeter surveys indicate that the Upper Floridan aquifer extends 333 –515 ft below land surface, the Lower Floridan confining unit extends 515–702 ft below land surface, and the Lower Floridan aquifer extends 702–1,040 ft below land surface. Flowmeter surveys indicate that the Upper Floridan aquifer contains two water-bearing zones at depth intervals of 339 –350 and 375–515 ft; the Lower Floridan confining unit contains one zone at a depth interval of 550–620 ft; and the Lower Floridan aquifer contains five zones at depth intervals of 702–745, 745–925, 925–984, 984–1,015, and 1,015–1,040 ft. Flowmeter testing of the test borehole open to the entire Floridan aquifer system indicated that the Upper Floridan aquifer contributed 92.4 percent of the total flow rate of 708 gallons per minute; the Lower Floridan confining unit contributed 3.0 percent; and the Lower Floridan aquifer contributed 4.6 percent. Horizontal hydraulic conductivity of the Lower Floridan confining unit derived from slug tests within three packer-isolated intervals ranged from 0.5 to 10 feet per day (ft/d). Aquifer-test analyses yielded values of transmissivity for the Upper Floridan aquifer, Lower Floridan confining unit, and the Lower Floridan aquifer of 46,000, 700, and 4,000 feet squared per day (ft<sup>2</sup>/d), respectively. Horizontal hydraulic conductivity of 4 ft/d for the Lower Floridan confining unit, derived from aquifer-test analyses, is near the midrange for values derived from packer-isolated slug tests. The transmissivity of the entire Floridan aquifer system derived from aquifer-test analyses totals about 51,000 ft<sup>2</sup>/d, similar to the value of 58,000 ft<sup>2</sup>/d derived from open slug tests on the entire Floridan aquifer system. Water-level data for each aquifer test were filtered for external influences such as barometric pressure, earth-tide effects, and long-term trends to enable detection of small (less than 1 foot) water-level responses to aquifer-test pumping. During the 72-hour aquifer test of pumping the Lower Floridan aquifer, a drawdown response of 51.7 ft was observed in the Lower Floridan pumped well and a drawdown response of 0.9 foot was observed in the Upper Floridan observation well located 85 ft from the pumped well.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125249","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Pooler, Georgia","usgsCitation":"Gonthier, G., 2012, Hydrogeology and water quality of the Floridan aquifer system and effect of Lower Floridan aquifer pumping on the Upper Floridan aquifer, Pooler, Chatham County, Georgia, 2011–2012: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5249, x, 62 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125249.","productDescription":"x, 62 p.","numberOfPages":"76","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263411,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5249.jpg"},{"id":263410,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5249/pdf/sir2012-5249.pdf"},{"id":263409,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5249/"}],"scale":"2000000","country":"United States","state":"Georgia","county":"Chatham County","city":"Pooler","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.75,31.75 ], [ -81.75,32.25 ], [ -80.75,32.25 ], [ -80.75,31.75 ], [ -81.75,31.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50deeeb0e4b0dfbe79e663f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gonthier, Gerard  0000-0003-4078-8579 gonthier@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4078-8579","contributorId":3141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gonthier","given":"Gerard ","email":"gonthier@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":469170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70040911,"text":"70040911 - 2012 - Spatial and temporal trends of freshwater mussel assemblages in the Meramec River Basin, Missouri, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-22T14:53:44","indexId":"70040911","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2287,"text":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial and temporal trends of freshwater mussel assemblages in the Meramec River Basin, Missouri, USA","docAbstract":"The Meramec River basin in east-central Missouri has one of the most diverse unionoid mussel faunas in the central United States with >40 species identified. Data were analyzed from historical surveys to test whether diversity and abundance of mussels in the Meramec River basin (Big, Bourbeuse, and Meramec rivers, representing >400 river miles) decreased between 1978 and 1997. We found that over 20y, species richness and diversity decreased significantly in the Bourbeuse and Meramec rivers but not in the Big River. Most species were found at fewer sites and in lower numbers in 1997 than in 1978. Federally endangered species and Missouri Species of Conservation Concern with the most severe temporal declines were <i>Alasmidonta viridis, Arcidens confragosus, Elliptio crassidens, Epioblasma triquetra, Fusconaia ebena, Lampsilis abrupta, Lampsilis brittsi</i>, and <i>Simpsonaias ambigua</i>. Averaged across all species, mussels were generally being extirpated from historical sampling sites more rapidly than colonization was occurring. An exception was one reach of the Meramec River between river miles 28.4 and 59.5, where mussel abundance and diversity were greater than in other reaches and where colonization of Margaritiferidae, Lampsilini, and Quadrulini exceeded extirpation. The exact reasons mussel diversity and abundance have remained robust in this 30- mile reach is uncertain, but the reach is associated with increased gradients, few long pools, and vertical rock faces, all of which are preferable for mussels. Complete loss of mussel communities at eight sites (16%) with relatively diverse historical assemblages was attributed to physical habitat changes including bank erosion, unstable substrate, and sedimentation. Mussel conservation efforts, including restoring and protecting riparian habitats, limiting the effects of in-stream sand and gravel mining, monitoring and controlling invasive species, and protecting water quality, may be warranted in the Meramec River basin.","language":"English","publisher":"Scientific Journals","doi":"10.3996/052012-JFWM-038","usgsCitation":"Hinck, J.E., McMurray, S., Roberts, A.D., Barnhart, M., Ingersoll, C.G., Wang, N., and Augspurger, T., 2012, Spatial and temporal trends of freshwater mussel assemblages in the Meramec River Basin, Missouri, USA: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, v. 3, no. 2, p. 319-331, https://doi.org/10.3996/052012-JFWM-038.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"319","endPage":"331","ipdsId":"IP-035423","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474255,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3996/052012-jfwm-038","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":263420,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263419,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3996/052012-JFWM-038"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.77,36.0 ], [ -95.77,40.61 ], [ -89.1,40.61 ], [ -89.1,36.0 ], [ -95.77,36.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4ce19e4b0e8fec6ce2279","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hinck, Jo Ellen 0000-0002-4912-5766","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4912-5766","contributorId":38507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinck","given":"Jo","email":"","middleInitial":"Ellen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McMurray, Stephen E.","contributorId":38687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMurray","given":"Stephen E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roberts, Andrew D.","contributorId":52304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barnhart, M. Christopher","contributorId":78061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnhart","given":"M. Christopher","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ingersoll, Christopher G. 0000-0003-4531-5949 cingersoll@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":2071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"Christopher","email":"cingersoll@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wang, Ning 0000-0002-2846-3352 nwang@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2846-3352","contributorId":2818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Ning","email":"nwang@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Augspurger, Tom","contributorId":63921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Augspurger","given":"Tom","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70040956,"text":"ofr20121240 - 2012 - Geomorphic and hydrologic study of peak-flow management on the Cedar River, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-27T16:26:42","indexId":"ofr20121240","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1240","title":"Geomorphic and hydrologic study of peak-flow management on the Cedar River, Washington","docAbstract":"Assessing the linkages between high-flow events, geomorphic response, and effects on stream ecology is critical to river management. High flows on the gravel-bedded Cedar River in Washington are important to the geomorphic function of the river; however, high flows can deleteriously affect salmon embryos incubating in streambed gravels. A geomorphic analysis of the Cedar River showed evidence of historical changes in river form over time and quantified the effects of anthropogenic alterations to the river corridor. Field measurements with accelerometer scour monitors buried in the streambed provided insight into the depth and timing of streambed scour during high-flow events. Combined with a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model, the recorded accelerometer disturbances allowed the prediction of streambed disturbance at the burial depth of Chinook and sockeye salmon egg pockets for different peak discharges. Insight gained from these analyses led to the development of suggested monitoring metrics for an ongoing geomorphic monitoring program on the Cedar River.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121240","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Seattle Public Utilities","usgsCitation":"Magirl, C.S., Gendaszek, A.S., Czuba, C.R., Konrad, C.P., and Marineau, M.D., 2012, Geomorphic and hydrologic study of peak-flow management on the Cedar River, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1240, Report: iv, 4p.; Slide Presentation: 61 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121240.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 4p.; Slide Presentation: 61 p.","numberOfPages":"69","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-040808","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263429,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1240.jpg"},{"id":263426,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1240/"},{"id":263427,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1240/pdf/ofr20121240.pdf"},{"id":263428,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1240/pdf/ofr20121240_slidePresentation.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","city":"Renton","otherGeospatial":"Cedar River;Chester Morse Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.333333,47.333333 ], [ -122.333333,47.5 ], [ -121.5,47.5 ], [ -121.5,47.333333 ], [ -122.333333,47.333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50de2214e4b0e31bb0295327","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Magirl, Christopher S. 0000-0002-9922-6549 magirl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9922-6549","contributorId":1822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magirl","given":"Christopher","email":"magirl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gendaszek, Andrew S. 0000-0002-2373-8986 agendasz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2373-8986","contributorId":3509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gendaszek","given":"Andrew","email":"agendasz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Czuba, Christiana R. cczuba@usgs.gov","contributorId":4555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Czuba","given":"Christiana","email":"cczuba@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":469181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Konrad, Christopher P. 0000-0002-7354-547X cpkonrad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7354-547X","contributorId":1716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konrad","given":"Christopher","email":"cpkonrad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Marineau, Mathieu D. 0000-0002-6568-0743 mmarineau@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6568-0743","contributorId":4954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marineau","given":"Mathieu","email":"mmarineau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70040977,"text":"sir20125139 - 2012 - Evaluation of volatile organic compound (VOC) blank data and application of study reporting levels to groundwater data collected for the California GAMA Priority Basin Project, May 2004 through September 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-27T20:00:08","indexId":"sir20125139","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5139","title":"Evaluation of volatile organic compound (VOC) blank data and application of study reporting levels to groundwater data collected for the California GAMA Priority Basin Project, May 2004 through September 2010","docAbstract":"Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were analyzed in quality-control samples collected for the California Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program Priority Basin Project. From May 2004 through September 2010, a total of 2,026 groundwater samples, 211 field blanks, and 109 source-solution blanks were collected and analyzed for concentrations of 85 VOCs. Results from analyses of these field and source-solution blanks and of 2,411 laboratory instrument blanks during the same time period were used to assess the quality of data for the 2,026 groundwater samples. Eighteen VOCs were detected in field blanks or source-solution blanks: acetone, benzene, bromodichloromethane, 2-butanone, carbon disulfide, chloroform, 1,1-dichloroethene, dichloromethane, ethylbenzene, tetrachloroethene, styrene, tetrahydrofuran, toluene, trichloroethene, trichlorofluoromethane, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, <i>m</i>- and <i>p</i>-xylenes, and <i>o</i>-xylene.\n\nThe objective of the evaluation of the VOC-blank data was to determine if study reporting levels (SRLs) were needed for any of the VOCs detected in blanks to ensure the quality of the data from groundwater samples. An SRL is equivalent to a raised reporting level that is used in place of the reporting level used by the analyzing laboratory [long‑term method detection level (LT-MDL) or laboratory reporting level (LRL)] to reduce the probability of reporting false-positive detections. Evaluation of VOC-blank data was done in three stages: (1) identification of a set of representative quality‑control field blanks (QCFBs) to be used for calculation of SRLs and identification of VOCs amenable to the SRL approach, (2) evaluation of potential sources of contamination to blanks and groundwater samples by VOCs detected in field blanks, and (3) selection of appropriate SRLs from among four potential SRLs for VOCs detected in field blanks and application of those SRLs to the groundwater data. An important conclusion from this study is that to ensure the quality of the data from groundwater samples, it was necessary to apply different methods of determining SRLs from field blank data to different VOCs, rather than use the same method for all VOCs.\n\nFour potential SRL values were defined by using three approaches: two values were defined by using a binomial probability method based on one-sided, nonparametric upper confidence limits, one was defined as equal to the maximum concentration detected in the field blanks, and one was defined as equal to the maximum laboratory method detection level used during the period when samples were collected for the project. The differences in detection frequencies and concentrations among different types of blanks (laboratory instrument blanks, source-solution blanks, and field blanks collected with three different sampling equipment configurations) and groundwater samples were used to infer the sources and mechanisms of contamination for each VOC detection in field blanks. Other chemical data for the groundwater samples (oxidation-reduction state, co-occurrence of VOCs, groundwater age) and ancillary information about the well sites (land use, presence of known sources of contamination) were used to evaluate whether the patterns of detections of VOCs in groundwater samples before and after application of potential SRLs were plausible. On this basis, the appropriate SRL was selected for each VOC that was determined to require an SRL.\n\nThe SRLs for ethylbenzene [0.06 microgram per liter (μg/L)], <i>m</i>- and <i>p</i>-xylenes (0.33 μg/L), <i>o</i>-xylene (0.12 μg/L), toluene (0.69 μg/L), and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene (0.56 μg/L) corresponded to the highest concentrations detected in the QCFBs and were selected because they resulted in the most censoring of groundwater data. Comparisons of hydrocarbon ratios in groundwater samples and blanks and comparisons between detection frequencies of the five hydrocarbons in groundwater samples and different types of blanks suggested three dominant sources of contamination that affected groundwater samples and blanks: (1) ethylbenzene, <i>m</i>- and <i>p</i>-xylenes, <i>o</i>-xylene, and toluene from fuel or exhaust components sorbed onto sampling lines, (2) toluene from vials and the source blank water, and (3) 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene from materials used for collection of samples for radon-222 analysis.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125139","collaboration":"A product of the California Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program Prepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Fram, M.S., Olsen, L., and Belitz, K., 2012, Evaluation of volatile organic compound (VOC) blank data and application of study reporting levels to groundwater data collected for the California GAMA Priority Basin Project, May 2004 through September 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5139, viii, 94 p.; col. ill.; maps (col.), https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125139.","productDescription":"viii, 94 p.; col. ill.; maps (col.)","startPage":"i","endPage":"94","numberOfPages":"106","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2004-05-01","temporalEnd":"2010-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263432,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5139.jpg"},{"id":263430,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5139/"},{"id":263431,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5139/pdf/sir20125139.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.41,32.53 ], [ -124.41,42.01 ], [ -114.13,42.01 ], [ -114.13,32.53 ], [ -124.41,32.53 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50dca8b1e4b0d55926e3ec23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fram, Miranda S. 0000-0002-6337-059X mfram@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6337-059X","contributorId":1156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fram","given":"Miranda","email":"mfram@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olsen, Lisa D. ldolsen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"Lisa D.","email":"ldolsen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70041096,"text":"70041096 - 2012 - Field-based evaluations of horizontal flat-plate fish screens, II: Testing of a unique off-stream channel device - The Farmers Screen","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-03T15:30:35","indexId":"70041096","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Field-based evaluations of horizontal flat-plate fish screens, II: Testing of a unique off-stream channel device - The Farmers Screen","docAbstract":"<p><span>Screens are installed at water diversion sites to reduce entrainment of fish. Recently, the Farmers Irrigation District (Oregon) developed a unique flat-plate screen (the &ldquo;Farmers Screen&rdquo;) that operates passively and may offer reduced installation and operating costs. To evaluate the effectiveness of this screen on fish, we conducted two separate field experiments. First, juvenile coho salmon&nbsp;</span><i>Oncorhynchus kisutch</i><span>&nbsp;were released over a working version of this screen under a range of inflows (0.02&ndash;0.42&nbsp;m</span><sup>3</sup><span>/s) and diversion flows (0.02&ndash;0.34&nbsp;m</span><sup>3</sup><span>/s) at different water depths. Mean approach velocities ranged from 0 to 5&nbsp;cm/s and sweeping velocities ranged from 36 to 178&nbsp;cm/s. Water depths over the screen surface ranged from 1 to 25&nbsp;cm and were directly related to inflow. Passage of fish over the screen under these conditions did not severely injure them or cause delayed mortality, and no fish were observed becoming impinged on the screen surface. Second, juvenile coho salmon and steelhead&nbsp;</span><i>O. mykiss</i><span>&nbsp;were released at the upstream end of a 34-m flume and allowed to volitionally move downstream and pass over a 3.5-m section of the Farmers Screen to determine whether fish would refuse to pass over the screen after encountering its leading edge. For coho salmon, 75&ndash;95% of the fish passed over the screen within 5&nbsp;min and 82&ndash;98% passed within 20&nbsp;min, depending on hydraulic conditions. For steelhead, 47&ndash;90% of the fish passed over the screen within 5&nbsp;min and 79&ndash;95% passed within 20&nbsp;min. Our results indicate that when operated within its design criteria, the Farmers Screen provides safe and efficient downstream passage of juvenile salmonids under a variety of hydraulic conditions.</span></p>","largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1080/02755947.2012.678966","usgsCitation":"Mesa, M.G., Rose, B.P., and Copeland, E.S., 2012, Field-based evaluations of horizontal flat-plate fish screens, II: Testing of a unique off-stream channel device - The Farmers Screen: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 32, no. 3, p. 604-612, https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2012.678966.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"604","endPage":"612","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-036737","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263503,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-06-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50dcd4e9e4b0d55926e40ff8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mesa, Matthew G. mmesa@usgs.gov","contributorId":3423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mesa","given":"Matthew","email":"mmesa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rose, Brien P. brose@usgs.gov","contributorId":3493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"Brien","email":"brose@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Copeland, Elizabeth S.","contributorId":82415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Copeland","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70041095,"text":"70041095 - 2012 - A novel antibody-based biomarker for chronic algal toxin exposure and sub-acute neurotoxicity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-23T21:45:18","indexId":"70041095","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A novel antibody-based biomarker for chronic algal toxin exposure and sub-acute neurotoxicity","docAbstract":"The neurotoxic amino acid, domoic acid (DA), is naturally produced by marine phytoplankton and presents a significant threat to the health of marine mammals, seabirds and humans via transfer of the toxin through the foodweb. In humans, acute exposure causes a neurotoxic illness known as amnesic shellfish poisoning characterized by seizures, memory loss, coma and death. Regular monitoring for high DA levels in edible shellfish tissues has been effective in protecting human consumers from acute DA exposure. However, chronic low-level DA exposure remains a concern, particularly in coastal and tribal communities that subsistence harvest shellfish known to contain low levels of the toxin. Domoic acid exposure via consumption of planktivorous fish also has a profound health impact on California sea lions (<i>Zalophus californianus</i>) affecting hundreds of animals yearly. Due to increasing algal toxin exposure threats globally, there is a critical need for reliable diagnostic tests for assessing chronic DA exposure in humans and wildlife. Here we report the discovery of a novel DA-specific antibody response that is a signature of chronic low-level exposure identified initially in a zebrafish exposure model and confirmed in naturally exposed wild sea lions. Additionally, we found that chronic exposure in zebrafish caused increased neurologic sensitivity to DA, revealing that repetitive exposure to DA well below the threshold for acute behavioral toxicity has underlying neurotoxic consequences. The discovery that chronic exposure to low levels of a small, water-soluble single amino acid triggers a detectable antibody response is surprising and has profound implications for the development of diagnostic tests for exposure to other pervasive environmental toxins.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"PLOS ONE","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0036213","usgsCitation":"Lefebvre, K.A., Frame, E.R., Gulland, F., Hansen, J.D., Kendrick, P.S., Beyer, R.P., Bammler, T.K., Farin, F.M., Hiolski, E.M., Smith, D.R., and Marcinek, D.J., 2012, A novel antibody-based biomarker for chronic algal toxin exposure and sub-acute neurotoxicity: PLoS ONE, v. 7, no. 5, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0036213.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"e36213","ipdsId":"IP-036349","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474257,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0036213","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":263487,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263484,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0036213"}],"country":"United States","volume":"7","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-05-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d5aac7e4b0ba654692bcae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lefebvre, Kathi A.","contributorId":12349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lefebvre","given":"Kathi","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frame, Elizabeth R.","contributorId":57741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frame","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gulland, Frances","contributorId":36441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gulland","given":"Frances","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hansen, John D. 0000-0002-3006-2734 jhansen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3006-2734","contributorId":3440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"John","email":"jhansen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kendrick, Preston S.","contributorId":36031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendrick","given":"Preston","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Beyer, Richard P.","contributorId":93792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beyer","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bammler, Theo K.","contributorId":62494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bammler","given":"Theo","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Farin, Frederico M.","contributorId":93793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farin","given":"Frederico","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hiolski, Emma M.","contributorId":106778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hiolski","given":"Emma","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Smith, Donald R.","contributorId":75408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Marcinek, David J.","contributorId":75409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marcinek","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70041092,"text":"70041092 - 2012 - Elevated streamflows increase dam passage by juvenile coho salmon during winter: Implications of climate change in the Pacific Northwest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-29T15:54:57","indexId":"70041092","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Elevated streamflows increase dam passage by juvenile coho salmon during winter: Implications of climate change in the Pacific Northwest","docAbstract":"A 4-year evaluation was conducted to determine the proportion of juvenile coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch passing Cowlitz Falls Dam, on the Cowlitz River, Washington, during winter. River and reservoir populations of coho salmon parr were monitored using radiotelemetry to determine if streamflow increases resulted in increased downstream movement and dam passage. This was of interest because fish that pass downstream of Cowlitz Falls Dam become landlocked in Riffe Lake and are lost to the anadromous population. Higher proportions of reservoir-released fish (0.391-0.480) passed Cowlitz Falls Dam than did river-released fish (0.037-0.119). Event-time analyses demonstrated that streamflow increases were important predictors of dam passage rates during the study. The estimated effect of increasing streamflows on the risk of dam passage varied annually and ranged from 9% to 75% for every 28.3 m<sup>3</sup>/s increase in streamflow. These results have current management implications because they demonstrate the significance of dam passage by juvenile coho salmon during winter months when juvenile fish collection facilities are typically not operating. The results also have future management implications because climate change predictions suggest that peak streamflow timing for many watersheds in the Pacific Northwest will shift from late spring and early summer to winter. Increased occurrence of intense winter flood events is also expected. Our results demonstrate that juvenile coho salmon respond readily to streamflow increases and initiate downstream movements during winter months, which could result in increased passage at dams during these periods if climate change predictions are realized in the coming decades.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA","doi":"10.1080/02755947.2012.720645","usgsCitation":"Kock, T.J., Liedtke, T.L., Rondorf, D.W., Serl, J.D., Kohn, M., and Bumbaco, K., 2012, Elevated streamflows increase dam passage by juvenile coho salmon during winter: Implications of climate change in the Pacific Northwest: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 32, no. 6, p. 1070-1079, https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2012.720645.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1070","endPage":"1079","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-037057","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489179,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/2506920","text":"External Repository"},{"id":263497,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263496,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2012.720645"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Cowlitz River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.5,46.0 ], [ -122.5,47.5 ], [ -121.5,47.5 ], [ -121.5,46.0 ], [ -122.5,46.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"32","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-10-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50db5c04e4b061270600aa3c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kock, Tobias J. 0000-0001-8976-0230 tkock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8976-0230","contributorId":3038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kock","given":"Tobias","email":"tkock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liedtke, Theresa L. 0000-0001-6063-9867 tliedtke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6063-9867","contributorId":2999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liedtke","given":"Theresa","email":"tliedtke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rondorf, Dennis W. drondorf@usgs.gov","contributorId":2970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rondorf","given":"Dennis","email":"drondorf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Serl, John D.","contributorId":15911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Serl","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kohn, Mike","contributorId":50064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kohn","given":"Mike","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bumbaco, Karin A.","contributorId":94187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bumbaco","given":"Karin A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70041080,"text":"70041080 - 2012 - Inability to demonstrate fish-to-fish transmission of <i>Ichthyophonus</i> from laboratory infected Pacific herring <i>Clupea pallasii</i> to naïve conspecifics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-03T12:54:31","indexId":"70041080","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1396,"text":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inability to demonstrate fish-to-fish transmission of <i>Ichthyophonus</i> from laboratory infected Pacific herring <i>Clupea pallasii</i> to naïve conspecifics","docAbstract":"<p><span>The parasite&nbsp;</span><i>Ichthyophonus</i><span>&nbsp;is enzootic in many marine fish populations of the northern Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Forage fishes are a likely source of infection for higher trophic level predators; however, the processes that maintain&nbsp;</span><i>Ichthyophonus</i><span>&nbsp;in forage fish populations (primarily clupeids) are not well understood. Lack of an identified intermediate host has led to the convenient hypothesis that the parasite can be maintained within populations of schooling fishes by waterborne fish-to-fish transmission. To test this hypothesis we established&nbsp;</span><i>Ichthyophonus</i><span>&nbsp;infections in Age-1 and young-of-the-year (YOY) Pacific herring&nbsp;</span><i>Clupea pallasii</i><span>&nbsp;(Valenciennes) via intraperitoneal (IP) injection and cohabitated these donors with na&iuml;ve conspecifics (sentinels) in the laboratory. IP injections established infection in 75 to 84% of donor herring, and this exposure led to clinical disease and mortality in the YOY cohort. However, after cohabitation for 113 d no infections were detected in na&iuml;ve sentinels. These data do not preclude the possibility of fish-to-fish transmission, but they do suggest that other transmission processes are necessary to maintain&nbsp;</span><i>Ichthyophonus</i><span>&nbsp;in wild Pacific herring populations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research Science Center","doi":"10.3354/dao02458","usgsCitation":"Gregg, J., Grady, C., Friedman, C., and Hershberger, P., 2012, Inability to demonstrate fish-to-fish transmission of <i>Ichthyophonus</i> from laboratory infected Pacific herring <i>Clupea pallasii</i> to naïve conspecifics: Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, v. 99, no. 2, p. 139-144, https://doi.org/10.3354/dao02458.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"139","endPage":"144","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-033745","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474256,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/dao02458","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":263506,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50df1a7be4b0dfbe79e6936e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gregg, J.L.","contributorId":78521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gregg","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grady, C.A.","contributorId":7929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grady","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Friedman, C.S.","contributorId":27762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hershberger, P.K. 0000-0002-2261-7760","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2261-7760","contributorId":58818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hershberger","given":"P.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70040866,"text":"sim3235 - 2012 - Bathymetry of the Hong and Luoc River Junction, Red River Delta, Vietnam, 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-26T15:05:57","indexId":"sim3235","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3235","title":"Bathymetry of the Hong and Luoc River Junction, Red River Delta, Vietnam, 2010","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in collaboration with the Water Resources University in Hanoi, Vietnam, conducted a bathymetric survey of the junction of the Hong and Luoc Rivers. The survey was done to characterize the channel morphology of this delta distributary network and provide input for hydrodynamic and sediment transport models. The survey was carried out in December 2010 using a boat-mounted multibeam echo sounder integrated with a global positioning system. A bathymetric map of the Hong and Luoc River junction was produced which was referenced to the datum of the Trieu Duong tide gage on the Luoc River.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3235","collaboration":"Prepared in collaboration with the Water Resources University, Hanoi, Vietnam","usgsCitation":"Kinzel, P.J., Nelson, J.M., Toan, D.D., Thanh, M.D., and Shimizu, Y., 2012, Bathymetry of the Hong and Luoc River Junction, Red River Delta, Vietnam, 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3235, 1 Map: 41.11 x 26 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3235.","productDescription":"1 Map: 41.11 x 26 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263382,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3235.gif"},{"id":263380,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3235/"},{"id":263381,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3235/SIM3235.pdf"}],"country":"Vietnam","otherGeospatial":"Hong River;Luoc River;Red River Delta","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 106.075,20.575 ], [ 106.075,20.654167 ], [ 106.141667,20.654167 ], [ 106.141667,20.575 ], [ 106.075,20.575 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50b48f81e4b0b3fb1a229138","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kinzel, Paul J. 0000-0002-6076-9730 pjkinzel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6076-9730","contributorId":743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinzel","given":"Paul","email":"pjkinzel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-7632-8526 jmn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7632-8526","contributorId":2812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Jonathan","email":"jmn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Toan, Duong Duc","contributorId":85059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toan","given":"Duong","email":"","middleInitial":"Duc","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thanh, Mung Dinh","contributorId":30113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thanh","given":"Mung","email":"","middleInitial":"Dinh","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shimizu, Yasuyuki","contributorId":28875,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shimizu","given":"Yasuyuki","affiliations":[{"id":25249,"text":"Univ. of Hokkaido, Sapporo,Japan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":469162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70182150,"text":"70182150 - 2012 - Soil-water dynamics and unsaturated storage during snowmelt following wildfire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-17T10:02:03","indexId":"70182150","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1928,"text":"Hydrology and Earth System Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soil-water dynamics and unsaturated storage during snowmelt following wildfire","docAbstract":"<p><span>Many forested watersheds with a substantial fraction of precipitation delivered as snow have the potential for landscape disturbance by wildfire. Little is known about the immediate effects of wildfire on snowmelt and near-surface hydrologic responses, including soil-water storage. Montane systems at the rain-snow transition have soil-water dynamics that are further complicated during the snowmelt period by strong aspect controls on snowmelt and soil thawing. Here we present data from field measurements of snow hydrology and subsurface hydrologic and temperature responses during the first winter and spring after the September 2010 Fourmile Canyon Fire in Colorado, USA. Our observations of soil-water content and soil temperature show sharp contrasts in hydrologic and thermal conditions between north- and south-facing slopes. South-facing burned soils were ∼1–2 °C warmer on average than north-facing burned soils and ∼1.5 °C warmer than south-facing unburned soils, which affected soil thawing during the snowmelt period. Soil-water dynamics also differed by aspect: in response to soil thawing, soil-water content increased approximately one month earlier on south-facing burned slopes than on north-facing burned slopes. While aspect and wildfire affect soil-water dynamics during snowmelt, soil-water storage at the end of the snowmelt period reached the value at field capacity for each plot, suggesting that post-snowmelt unsaturated storage was not substantially influenced by aspect in wildfire-affected areas. Our data and analysis indicate that the amount of snowmelt-driven groundwater recharge may be larger in wildfire-impacted areas, especially on south-facing slopes, because of earlier soil thaw and longer durations of soil-water contents above field capacity in those areas.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"European Geophysical Society","publisherLocation":"Katlenburg-Lindau","doi":"10.5194/hess-16-1401-2012","usgsCitation":"Ebel, B.A., Hinckley, E., and Martin, D.A., 2012, Soil-water dynamics and unsaturated storage during snowmelt following wildfire: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, v. 16, p. 1401-1417, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-1401-2012.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1401","endPage":"1417","ipdsId":"IP-034382","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474259,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-1401-2012","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":335802,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-05-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a819b8e4b025c46429afd0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ebel, Brian A. 0000-0002-5413-3963 bebel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5413-3963","contributorId":2557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebel","given":"Brian","email":"bebel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hinckley, E.S.","contributorId":181852,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hinckley","given":"E.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martin, Deborah A. 0000-0001-8237-0838 damartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8237-0838","contributorId":168662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Deborah","email":"damartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70041067,"text":"70041067 - 2012 - Phenology and duration of remigial moult in Surf Scoters (<i>Melanitta perspicillata</i>) and White-winged Scoters (<i>Melanitta fusca</i>) on the Pacific coast of North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-12T21:19:36","indexId":"70041067","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phenology and duration of remigial moult in Surf Scoters (<i>Melanitta perspicillata</i>) and White-winged Scoters (<i>Melanitta fusca</i>) on the Pacific coast of North America","docAbstract":"By quantifying phenology and duration of remigial moult in Surf Scoters (<i>Melanitta perspicillata</i> (L., 1758)) and White-winged Scoters (<i>Melanitta fusca</i> (L., 1758)), we tested whether timing of moult is dictated by temporal optima or constraints. Scoters (n = 3481) were captured during moult in Alaska, British Columbia, and Washington, and remigial emergence dates were determined. We provide evidence for a pre-emergence interval of 7.3 days that occurs after old primaries are shed and before new ones become visible. All age and sex classes of both scoter species exhibited a wide range of emergence dates (Surf Scoters: 26 June to 22 September; White-winged Scoters: 6 July to 21 September) suggestive of a lack of strong temporal optima for remigial moult. For both species, timing of moult was influenced by site, year, age, and sex. Relative to other waterfowl species, scoters have typical remigial growth rates (Surf Scoters: 3.9 mm·day<sup>–1</sup>; White-winged Scoters: 4.3 mm·day<sup>–1</sup>) but a long flightless period (34–49 days), in part because their relatively high wing-loading requires a greater proportion of feather regrowth to regain flight. Our data suggest that moulting scoters are not under strong selective pressure to complete moult quickly.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","publisherLocation":"Ottawa, Ontario","doi":"10.1139/z2012-061","usgsCitation":"Dickson, R., Esler, D., Hupp, J.W., Anderson, E., Evenson, J., and Barrett, J., 2012, Phenology and duration of remigial moult in Surf Scoters (<i>Melanitta perspicillata</i>) and White-winged Scoters (<i>Melanitta fusca</i>) on the Pacific coast of North America: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 90, no. 8, p. 932-944, https://doi.org/10.1139/z2012-061.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"932","endPage":"944","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-039620","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263486,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263485,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z2012-061"}],"country":"Canada;United States","state":"Alaska;British Columbia;Washington","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -175.5,46.15 ], [ -175.5,63.3 ], [ -121.0,63.3 ], [ -121.0,46.15 ], [ -175.5,46.15 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"90","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e107c1e4b0fec3206f2695","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dickson, Rian D.","contributorId":96983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickson","given":"Rian D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Esler, Daniel 0000-0001-5501-4555 desler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5501-4555","contributorId":5465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esler","given":"Daniel","email":"desler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":469322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hupp, Jerry W. 0000-0002-6439-3910 jhupp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6439-3910","contributorId":127803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"Jerry","email":"jhupp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anderson, E.M.","contributorId":48403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Evenson, J.R.","contributorId":105927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evenson","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Barrett, J.","contributorId":48275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrett","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70040818,"text":"70040818 - 2012 - Local and landscape associations between wintering dabbling ducks and wetland complexes in Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T12:52:13","indexId":"70040818","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Local and landscape associations between wintering dabbling ducks and wetland complexes in Mississippi","docAbstract":"Landscape features influence distribution of waterbirds throughout their annual cycle.  A conceptual model, the wetland habitat complex, may be useful in conservation of wetland habitats for dabbling ducks (Anatini).  The foundation of this conceptual model is that ducks seek complexes of wetlands containing diverse resources to meet dynamic physiological needs.  We included flooded croplands, wetlands and ponds, public-land waterfowl sanctuary, and diversity of habitats as key components of wetland habitat complexes and compared their relative influence at two spatial scales (i.e., local, 0.25-km radius; landscape, 4-km) on dabbling ducks wintering in western Mississippi, USA during winters 2002–2004.  Distribution of mallard (<i>Anas platyrhynchos</i>) groups was positively associated with flooded cropland at local and landscape scales.  Models representing flooded croplands at the landscape scale best explained occurrence of other dabbling ducks.  Habitat complexity measured at both scales best explained group size of other dabbling ducks.  Flooded croplands likely provided food that had decreased in availability due to conversion of wetlands to agriculture.  Wetland complexes at landscape scales were more attractive to wintering ducks than single or structurally simple wetlands.  Conservation of wetland complexes at large spatial scales (≥5,000 ha) on public and private lands will require coordination among multiple stakeholders.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s13157-012-0317-5","usgsCitation":"Pearse, A.T., Kaminski, R.M., Reinecke, K.J., and Dinsmore, S., 2012, Local and landscape associations between wintering dabbling ducks and wetland complexes in Mississippi: Wetlands, v. 32, no. 5, p. 859-869, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-012-0317-5.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"859","endPage":"869","ipdsId":"IP-029944","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research 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,{"id":70040831,"text":"ofr20121220 - 2012 - Landscape consequences of natural gas extraction in Greene and Tioga Counties, Pennsylvania, 2004-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-19T17:24:37","indexId":"ofr20121220","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1220","title":"Landscape consequences of natural gas extraction in Greene and Tioga Counties, Pennsylvania, 2004-2010","docAbstract":"<p>Increased demands for cleaner burning energy, coupled with the relatively recent technological advances in accessing unconventional hydrocarbon-rich geologic formations, have led to an intense effort to find and extract natural gas from various underground sources around the country. One of these sources, the Marcellus Shale, located in the Allegheny Plateau, is currently undergoing extensive drilling and production. The technology used to extract gas in the Marcellus shale is known as hydraulic fracturing and has garnered much attention because of its use of large amounts of fresh water, its use of proprietary fluids for the hydraulic-fracturing process, its potential to release contaminants into the environment, and its potential effect on water resources. Nonetheless, development of natural gas extraction wells in the Marcellus Shale is only part of the overall natural gas story in the area of Pennsylvania. Coalbed methane, which is sometimes extracted using the same technique, is commonly located in the same general area as the Marcellus Shale and is frequently developed in clusters across the landscape. The combined effects of these two natural gas extraction methods create potentially serious patterns of disturbance on the landscape. This document quantifies the landscape changes and consequences of natural gas extraction for Greene County and Tioga County in Pennsylvania between 2004 and 2010. Patterns of landscape disturbance related to natural gas extraction activities were collected and digitized using National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) imagery for 2004, 2005/2006, 2008, and 2010. The disturbance patterns were then used to measure changes in land cover and land use using the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) of 2001. A series of landscape metrics are also used to quantify these changes and are included in this publication.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121220","usgsCitation":"Slonecker, E., Milheim, L., Roig-Silva, C., and Fisher, G., 2012, Landscape consequences of natural gas extraction in Greene and Tioga Counties, Pennsylvania, 2004-2010: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1220, v; 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121220.","productDescription":"v; 32 p.","numberOfPages":"37","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263301,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1220.gif"},{"id":263299,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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,{"id":70040842,"text":"sim3234 - 2012 - Maps of estimated nitrate and arsenic concentrations in basin-fill aquifers of the southwestern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-30T16:12:53","indexId":"sim3234","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3234","title":"Maps of estimated nitrate and arsenic concentrations in basin-fill aquifers of the southwestern United States","docAbstract":"<p>Human-health concerns and economic considerations associated with meeting drinking-water standards motivated a study of the vulnerability of basin-fill aquifers to nitrate contamination and arsenic enrichment in the southwestern United States. Statistical models were developed by using the random forest classifier algorithm to predict concentrations of nitrate and arsenic across a model grid representing about 190,600 square miles of basin-fill aquifers in parts of Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah. The statistical models, referred to as classifiers, reflect natural and human-related factors that affect aquifer vulnerability to contamination and relate nitrate and arsenic concentrations to explanatory variables representing local- and basin-scale measures of source and aquifer susceptibility conditions. Geochemical variables were not used in concentration predictions because they were not available for the entire study area. The models were calibrated to assess model accuracy on the basis of measured values.</p><p>Only 2 percent of the area underlain by basin-fill aquifers in the study area was predicted to equal or exceed the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency drinking-water standard for nitrate as N (10 milligrams per liter), whereas 43 percent of the area was predicted to equal or exceed the standard for arsenic (10 micrograms per liter). Areas predicted to equal or exceed the drinking-water standard for nitrate include basins in central Arizona near Phoenix; the San Joaquin Valley, the Santa Ana Inland, and San Jacinto Basins of California; and the San Luis Valley of Colorado. Much of the area predicted to equal or exceed the drinking-water standard for arsenic is within a belt of basins along the western portion of the Basin and Range Physiographic Province that includes almost all of Nevada and parts of California and Arizona. Predicted nitrate and arsenic concentrations are substantially lower than the drinking-water standards in much of the study area-about 93 percent of the area underlain by basin-fill aquifers was less than one-half the standard for nitrate as N (5.0 milligrams per liter), and 50 percent was less than one-half the standard for arsenic (5.0 micrograms per liter). The predicted concentrations and the improved understanding of the susceptibility and vulnerability of southwestern basin-fill aquifers to nitrate contamination and arsenic enrichment can be used by water managers as a qualitative tool to assess and protect the quality of groundwater resources in the Southwest.<br></p><p><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3234","usgsCitation":"Beisner, K.R., Anning, D.W., Paul, A.P., McKinney, T., Huntington, J.M., Bexfield, L.M., and Thiros, S.A., 2012, Maps of estimated nitrate and arsenic concentrations in basin-fill aquifers of the southwestern United States: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3234, Report: vi, 8 p.; 2 Plates 32.00 x 28.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3234.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 8 p.; 2 Plates 32.00 x 28.00 inches","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263322,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3234.jpg"},{"id":263318,"rank":1,"type":{"id":8,"text":"Cover"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3234/pdf/sim3234Jacket.pdf","text":"Jacket (envelope)","size":"106 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":263319,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5065","text":"Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5065"},{"id":263320,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/697","text":"Data Series 697: Nitrate and Arsenic Observations"},{"id":263321,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/698","text":"Data Series 698: Nitrate and Arsenic Predictions"},{"id":263314,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3234/"},{"id":263315,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3234/pdf/sim3234booklet.pdf"},{"id":263317,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3234/pdf/sim3234Arsenic.pdf","text":"Sheet 2: Arsenic map","size":"9.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":263316,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3234/pdf/sim3234Nitrate.pdf","text":"Sheet 1: Nitrate map","size":"9.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, 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jmhunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9291-1404","contributorId":2294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntington","given":"Jena","email":"jmhunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bexfield, Laura M. 0000-0002-1789-654X bexfield@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1789-654X","contributorId":1273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bexfield","given":"Laura","email":"bexfield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Thiros, Susan A. 0000-0002-8544-553X sthiros@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8544-553X","contributorId":965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thiros","given":"Susan","email":"sthiros@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70040843,"text":"70040843 - 2012 - Reference hydrologic networks I. The status and potential future directions of national reference hydrologic networks for detecting trends","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-20T20:15:49","indexId":"70040843","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1927,"text":"Hydrological Sciences Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reference hydrologic networks I. The status and potential future directions of national reference hydrologic networks for detecting trends","docAbstract":"Identifying climate-driven trends in river flows on a global basis is hampered by a lack of long, quality time series data for rivers with relatively undisturbed regimes. This is a global problem compounded by the lack of support for essential long-term monitoring. Experience demonstrates that, with clear strategic objectives, and the support of sponsoring organizations, reference hydrologic networks can constitute an exceptionally valuable data source to effectively identify, quantify and interpret hydrological change—the speed and magnitude of which is expected to a be a primary driver of water management and flood alleviation strategies through the future—and for additional applications. Reference hydrologic networks have been developed in many countries in the past few decades. These collections of streamflow gauging stations, that are maintained and operated with the intention of observing how the hydrology of watersheds responds to variations in climate, are described. The status of networks under development is summarized. We suggest a plan of actions to make more effective use of this collection of networks.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Sciences Journal/Journal des Sciences Hydrologiques","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA","doi":"10.1080/02626667.2012.728706","usgsCitation":"Whitfield, P., Burn, D., Hannaford, J., Higgins, H., Hodgkins, G.A., Marsh, T., and Looser, U., 2012, Reference hydrologic networks I. The status and potential future directions of national reference hydrologic networks for detecting trends: Hydrological Sciences Journal, v. 57, no. 8, p. 1-18, https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2012.728706.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"18","ipdsId":"IP-030088","costCenters":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474262,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2012.728706","text":"External Repository"},{"id":263334,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263333,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2012.728706"}],"volume":"57","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-10-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50aca690e4b0ae6a8f88bbb0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whitfield, Paul H.","contributorId":39264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitfield","given":"Paul H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burn, Donald H.","contributorId":66139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burn","given":"Donald H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hannaford, Jamie","contributorId":41305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hannaford","given":"Jamie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Higgins, Helene","contributorId":53670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higgins","given":"Helene","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hodgkins, Glenn A. 0000-0002-4916-5565 gahodgki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4916-5565","contributorId":2020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodgkins","given":"Glenn","email":"gahodgki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Marsh, Terry","contributorId":86657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marsh","given":"Terry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Looser, Ulrich","contributorId":14274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Looser","given":"Ulrich","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70040844,"text":"70040844 - 2012 - Reference hydrologic networks II. Using reference hydrologic networks to assess climate-driven changes in streamflow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-20T20:02:57","indexId":"70040844","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1927,"text":"Hydrological Sciences Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reference hydrologic networks II. Using reference hydrologic networks to assess climate-driven changes in streamflow","docAbstract":"Reference hydrologic networks (RHNs) can play an important role in monitoring for changes in the hydrological regime related to climate variation and change. Currently, the literature concerning hydrological response to climate variations is complex and confounded by the combinations of many methods of analysis, wide variations in hydrology, and the inclusion of data series that include changes in land use, storage regulation and water use in addition to those of climate. Three case studies that illustrate a variety of approaches to the analysis of data from RHNs are presented and used, together with a summary of studies from the literature, to develop approaches for the investigation of changes in the hydrological regime at a continental or global scale, particularly for international comparison. We present recommendations for an analysis framework and the next steps to advance such an initiative. There is a particular focus on the desirability of establishing standardized procedures and methodologies for both the creation of new national RHNs and the systematic analysis of data derived from a collection of RHNs.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Sciences Journal/Journal des Sciences Hydrologiques","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA","doi":"10.1080/02626667.2012.728705","usgsCitation":"Burn, D., Hannaford, J., Hodgkins, G.A., Whitfield, P., Thorne, R., and Marsh, T., 2012, Reference hydrologic networks II. Using reference hydrologic networks to assess climate-driven changes in streamflow: Hydrological Sciences Journal, v. 57, no. 8, p. 1-15, https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2012.728705.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"15","ipdsId":"IP-030086","costCenters":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474263,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2012.728705","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":263332,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263331,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2012.728705"}],"volume":"57","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-10-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50aca694e4b0ae6a8f88bbb4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burn, Donald H.","contributorId":66139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burn","given":"Donald H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hannaford, Jamie","contributorId":41305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hannaford","given":"Jamie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hodgkins, Glenn A. 0000-0002-4916-5565 gahodgki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4916-5565","contributorId":2020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodgkins","given":"Glenn","email":"gahodgki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Whitfield, Paul H.","contributorId":39264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitfield","given":"Paul H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thorne, Robin","contributorId":93789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorne","given":"Robin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Marsh, Terry","contributorId":86657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marsh","given":"Terry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70040846,"text":"sir20125245 - 2012 - Evaluation of streambed scour at bridges over tidal waterways in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-21T13:39:55","indexId":"sir20125245","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5245","title":"Evaluation of streambed scour at bridges over tidal waterways in Alaska","docAbstract":"The potential for streambed scour was evaluated at 41 bridges that cross tidal waterways in Alaska. These bridges are subject to several coastal and riverine processes that have the potential, individually or in combination, to induce streambed scour or to damage the structure or adjacent channel. The proximity of a bridge to the ocean and water-surface elevation and velocity data collected over a tidal cycle were criteria used to identify the flow regime at each bridge, whether tidal, riverine, or mixed, that had the greatest potential to induce streambed scour. Water-surface elevations measured through at least one tide cycle at 32 bridges were correlated to water levels at the nearest tide station. Asymmetry of the tidal portion of the hydrograph during the outgoing tide at 12 bridges indicated that riverine flows were stored upstream of the bridge during the tidal exchange. This scenario results in greater discharges and velocities during the outgoing tide compared to those on the incoming tide. Velocity data were collected during outgoing tides at 10 bridges that experienced complete flow reversals, and measured velocities during the outgoing tide exceeded the critical velocity required to initiate sediment transport at three sites. The primary risk for streambed scour at most of the sites considered in this study is from riverine flows rather than tidal fluctuations. A scour evaluation for riverine flow was completed at 35 bridges. Scour from riverine flow was not the primary risk for six tidally-controlled bridges and therefore not evaluated at those sites. Field data including channel cross sections, a discharge measurement, and a water-surface slope were collected at the 35 bridges. Channel instability was identified at 14 bridges where measurable scour and or fill were noted in repeated surveys of channel cross sections at the bridge. Water-surface profiles for the 1-percent annual exceedance probability discharge were calculated by using the Hydrologic Engineering Center’s River Analysis System model, and scour depths were calculated using methods recommended by the Federal Highway Administration. Computed contraction-scour depths were greater than 2.0 feet at five bridges and computed pier-scour depths were 4.0 feet or greater at 15 bridges. The potential for streambed scour by both coastal and riverine processes at the bridges considered in this study were evaluated, ranked, and summed to determine a cumulative risk factor for each bridge. Possible factors that could mitigate the scour risks were investigated at 22 bridges that had high individual or cumulative rankings. Mitigating factors such as piers founded in bedrock, deep pier foundations relative to scour depths, and lack of observed scour during field measurements were documented for 13 sites, but additional study and monitoring is needed to better quantify the streambed scour potential for nine sites. Three bridges prone to being affected by storm surges will require more data collection and possibly complex hydrodynamic modeling to accurately quantify the streambed scour potential. Continuous monitoring of water-surface and streambed elevation at one or more piers is needed for two bridges to better understand the tidal and riverine influences on streambed scour.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125245","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities","usgsCitation":"Conaway, J.S., and Schauer, P.V., 2012, Evaluation of streambed scour at bridges over tidal waterways in Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5245, Report: vi, 38 p.; Appendixes A and B, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125245.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 38 p.; Appendixes A and B","numberOfPages":"48","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263327,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5245.jpg"},{"id":263323,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5245/"},{"id":263324,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5245/pdf/sir20125245.pdf"},{"id":263325,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5245/sir20125245_AppendixA.xlsx"},{"id":263326,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5245/sir20125245_AppendixB.xlsx"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -170.0,51.0 ], [ -170.0,62.0 ], [ -130.0,62.0 ], [ -130.0,51.0 ], [ -170.0,51.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50aca678e4b0ae6a8f88bb9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conaway, Jeffrey S. 0000-0002-3036-592X jconaway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3036-592X","contributorId":2026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conaway","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jconaway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schauer, Paul V. 0000-0001-5529-4649 pschauer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5529-4649","contributorId":5779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schauer","given":"Paul","email":"pschauer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70040849,"text":"fs20123132 - 2012 - Understanding pesticides in California's Delta","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-20T19:52:12","indexId":"fs20123132","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-3132","title":"Understanding pesticides in California's Delta","docAbstract":"The Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta (Delta) is the hub of California’s water system and also an important habitat for imperiled fish and wildlife. Aquatic organisms are exposed to mixtures of pesticides that flow through the maze of Delta water channels from sources including agricultural, landscape, and urban pest-control applications. While we do not know all of the effects pesticides have on the ecosystem, there is evidence that they cause some damage to organisms in the Delta.\n\nDecades of USGS research have provided a good understanding of when, where, and how pesticides enter the Delta. However, pesticide use is continually changing. New field studies and methods are needed so that scientists can analyze which pesticides are present in the Delta, and at what concentrations, enabling them to estimate exposure and ultimate effects on organisms. Continuing research will provide resource managers and stakeholders with crucial information to manage the Delta wisely.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20123132","usgsCitation":"Kuivila, K., and Orlando, J., 2012, Understanding pesticides in California's Delta: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2012-3132, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20123132.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"4","numberOfPages":"4","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263330,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2012_3132.jpg"},{"id":263328,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3132/"},{"id":263329,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3132/pdf/fs20123132.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento-san Joaquin River Delta","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.87607,38.014798 ], [ -121.87607,38.23624 ], [ -121.493363,38.23624 ], [ -121.493363,38.014798 ], [ -121.87607,38.014798 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50aca6a4e4b0ae6a8f88bbbe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuivila, Kathryn  0000-0001-7940-489X kkuivila@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7940-489X","contributorId":1367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuivila","given":"Kathryn ","email":"kkuivila@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":469131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Orlando, James L. 0000-0002-0099-7221","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0099-7221","contributorId":95954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orlando","given":"James L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70094207,"text":"70094207 - 2012 - Modeling a thick unsaturated zone at San Gorgonio Pass, California: lessons learned after five years of artificial recharge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-12T17:41:58","indexId":"70094207","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-19T15:15:21","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3674,"text":"Vadose Zone Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling a thick unsaturated zone at San Gorgonio Pass, California: lessons learned after five years of artificial recharge","docAbstract":"<p>The information flow among the tasks of framework assessment, numerical modeling, model forecasting and hind casting, and system-performance monitoring is illustrated. Results provide an understanding of artificial recharge in high-altitude desert settings where large vertical distances may separate application ponds from their target aquifers.</p><p>Approximately 3.8 million cubic meters of surface water was applied to spreading ponds from 2003–2007 to artificially recharge the underlying aquifer through a 200-meter thick unsaturated zone in the San Gorgonio Pass area in southern California. A study was conducted between 1997 and 2003, and a numerical model was developed to help determine the suitability of the site for artificial recharge. Ongoing monitoring results indicated that the existing model needed to be modified and recalibrated to more accurately predict artificial recharge at the site. The objective of this work was to recalibrate the model by using observation of the application rates, the rise and fall of the water level above a perching layer, and the approximate arrival time to the water table during the 5-yr monitoring period following initiation of long-term artificial recharge. Continuous monitoring of soil-matric potential, temperature, and water levels beneath the site indicated that artificial recharge reached the underlying water table between 3.75 and 4.5 yr after the initial application of the recharge water. The model was modified to allow the simulation to more adequately match the perching layer dynamics and the time of arrival at the water table. The instrumentation also showed that the lag time between changes in application of water at the surface and the response at the perching layer decreased from about 4 mo to less than 1 mo due to the wet-up of the unsaturated zone and the increase in relative permeability. The results of this study demonstrate the importance of iteratively monitoring and modeling the unsaturated zone in layered alluvial systems in the context of artificial recharge. They show that adequate geologic and hydraulic-property data on perching layers are critical to success. Continuous monitoring in the unsaturated and saturated zones beneath a site provides data to develop and constrain numerical models, better understand local unsaturated zone process, manage artificial recharge operations, and to determine the timing and volume of recoverable water for consumptive use.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Soil Science Society of America","publisherLocation":"Madison, WI","doi":"10.2136/vzj2012.0043","usgsCitation":"Flint, A.L., Ellett, K.M., Christensen, A.H., and Martin, P., 2012, Modeling a thick unsaturated zone at San Gorgonio Pass, California: lessons learned after five years of artificial recharge: Vadose Zone Journal, v. 11, no. 4, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2012.0043.","productDescription":"12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-025507","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282503,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Gorgonio Pass","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.102671,33.857283 ], [ -117.102671,34.124403 ], [ -116.796983,34.124403 ], [ -116.796983,33.857283 ], [ -117.102671,33.857283 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"11","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-11-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd67d8e4b0b29085101a75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, Alan L. 0000-0002-5118-751X aflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5118-751X","contributorId":1492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Alan","email":"aflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellett, Kevin M.","contributorId":68359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellett","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Christensen, Allen H. 0000-0002-7061-5591 ahchrist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7061-5591","contributorId":1510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"Allen","email":"ahchrist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Martin, Peter pmmartin@usgs.gov","contributorId":799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Peter","email":"pmmartin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70040820,"text":"sir20125207 - 2012 - County-level estimates of nitrogen and phosphorus from commercial fertilizer for the Conterminous United States, 1987-2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-20T17:06:41.937664","indexId":"sir20125207","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5207","displayTitle":"County-level estimates of nitrogen and phosphorus from commercial fertilizer for the Conterminous United States, 1987–2006","title":"County-level estimates of nitrogen and phosphorus from commercial fertilizer for the Conterminous United States, 1987-2006","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey’s National Water-Quality Assessment program requires nutrient input for analysis of the national and regional assessment of water quality. Detailed information on nutrient inputs to the environment are needed to understand and address the many serious problems that arise from excess nutrients in the streams and groundwater of the Nation. This report updates estimated county-level farm and nonfarm nitrogen and phosphorus input from commercial fertilizer sales for the conterminous United States for 1987 through 2006. Estimates were calculated from the Association of American Plant Food Control Officials fertilizer sales data, Census of Agriculture fertilizer expenditures, and U.S. Census Bureau county population. A previous national approach for deriving farm and nonfarm fertilizer nutrient estimates was evaluated, and a revised method for selecting representative states to calculate national farm and nonfarm proportions was developed. A national approach was used to estimate farm and nonfarm fertilizer inputs because not all states distinguish between farm and nonfarm use, and the quality of fertilizer reporting varies from year to year. For states that distinguish between farm and nonfarm use, the spatial distribution of the ratios of nonfarm-to-total fertilizer estimates for nitrogen and phosphorus calculated using the national-based farm and nonfarm proportions were similar to the spatial distribution of the ratios generated using state-based farm and nonfarm proportions. In addition, the relative highs and lows in the temporal distribution of farm and nonfarm nitrogen and phosphorus input at the state level were maintained—the periods of high and low usage coincide between national- and state-based values. With a few exceptions, nonfarm nitrogen estimates were found to be reasonable when compared to the amounts that would result if the lawn application rates recommended by state and university agricultural agencies were used. Also, states with higher nonfarm-to-total fertilizer ratios for nitrogen and phosphorus tended to have higher urban land-use percentages.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125207","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Gronberg, J., and Spahr, N.E., 2012, County-level estimates of nitrogen and phosphorus from commercial fertilizer for the Conterminous United States, 1987-2006: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5207, Report: vi, 20 p.; Appendixes 1-6; Database, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125207.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 20 p.; Appendixes 1-6; Database","numberOfPages":"30","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438804,"rank":12,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7H41PKX","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"County-Level Estimates of Nitrogen and Phosphorus from Commercial Fertilizer for the Conterminous United States, 1987-2012"},{"id":387305,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5207.jpg"},{"id":387310,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5207/pdf/sir20125207_appendix3.pdf","text":"Appendix 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":387309,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5207/pdf/sir20125207_appendix2.pdf","text":"Appendix 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":387315,"rank":11,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/dsdl/sir2012-5207_county_fertilizer.zip","text":"Database download","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":387314,"rank":10,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/sir2012-5207_county_fertilizer.xml","text":"Database metadata","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"}},{"id":387313,"rank":9,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5207/pdf/sir20125207_appendix6.pdf","text":"Appendix 6","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":387312,"rank":8,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5207/pdf/sir20125207_appendix5.pdf","text":"Appendix 5","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":387311,"rank":7,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5207/pdf/sir20125207_appendix4.pdf","text":"Appendix 4","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":387308,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5207/pdf/sir20125207_appendix1.pdf","text":"Appendix 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":387307,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5207/pdf/sir20125207.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":387306,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5207/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.8,24.5 ], [ -124.8,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,24.5 ], [ -124.8,24.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50abfb6ae4b0afbc75eb97fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gronberg, Jo Ann M.","contributorId":18342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gronberg","given":"Jo Ann M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spahr, Norman E. nspahr@usgs.gov","contributorId":1977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spahr","given":"Norman","email":"nspahr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":469081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70040732,"text":"cir1373 - 2012 - Effects of urban development on stream ecosystems in nine metropolitan study areas across the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T16:31:03","indexId":"cir1373","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1373","title":"Effects of urban development on stream ecosystems in nine metropolitan study areas across the United States","docAbstract":"<p>Urban development is an important agent of environmental change in the United States. The urban footprint on the American landscape has expanded during a century and a half of almost continuous development. Eighty percent of Americans now live in metropolitan areas, and the advantages and challenges of living in these developed areas&mdash;convenience, congestion, employment, pollution&mdash;are part of the day-to-day realities of most Americans. Nowhere are the environmental changes associated with urban development more evident than in urban streams. Contaminants, habitat destruction, and increasing streamflow flashiness resulting from urban development have been associated with the disruption of biological communities, particularly the loss of sensitive aquatic species. Every stream is connected downstream to larger water bodies, including rivers, reservoirs, and ultimately coastal waters. Inputs of chemical contaminants or sediments at any point along the stream can cause degradation downstream with adverse effects on biological communities and on economically valuable resources, such as fisheries and tourism.</p>\n<p>In response to general concerns about the degradation of urban streams, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted a national-scale, scientific investigation of the effects of urban development on stream ecosystems. Nine metropolitan study areas of the United States were selected&mdash;Portland, Oregon; Salt Lake City, Utah; Birmingham, Alabama; Atlanta, Georgia; Raleigh, North Carolina; Boston, Massachusetts; Denver, Colorado; Dallas, Texas; and Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The studies were conducted in Salt Lake City, Birmingham, and Boston in 1999&ndash;2000; in Atlanta, Raleigh, and Denver in 2002&ndash;2003; and in Portland, Dallas, and Milwaukee in 2003&ndash;2004.</p>\n<p>The comprehensive investigation of all nine studies focused on three broad questions of interest to decision makers:</p>\n<ol>\n<li>What are the primary effects of urban development on stream ecosystems?</li>\n<li>How do the effects of urban development on stream ecosystems vary regionally across the country?</li>\n<li>Which urban-related stressors are most closely linked to biological community degradation, and how can multiple stressors be managed to protect stream health as a watershed becomes increasingly urbanized?</li>\n</ol>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1373","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Coles, J.F., McMahon, G., Bell, A.H., Brown, L.R., Fitzpatrick, F.A., Scudder Eikenberry, B.C., Woodside, M., Cuffney, T.F., Bryant, W., Cappiella, K., Fraley-McNeal, L., and Stack, W.P., 2012, Effects of urban development on stream ecosystems in nine metropolitan study areas across the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1373, ix, 138 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1373.","productDescription":"ix, 138 p.","numberOfPages":"152","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263154,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1373/"},{"id":263155,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1373/pdf/Circular1373.pdf"},{"id":263156,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir_1373.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama;Colorado;Georgia;Massachusetts;North Carolina;Oregon;Texas;Utah;Wisconsin","city":"Atlanta;Birmingham;Boston;Dallas;Denver;Milwaukee;Portland;Raleigh;Salt Lake City","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.8,24.5 ], [ -124.8,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,24.5 ], [ -124.8,24.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50a4bd72e4b0fd76c78323ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coles, James F. 0000-0002-1953-012X jcoles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1953-012X","contributorId":2239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coles","given":"James","email":"jcoles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McMahon, Gerard 0000-0001-7675-777X gmcmahon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7675-777X","contributorId":191488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"Gerard","email":"gmcmahon@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":565,"text":"Southeast Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bell, Amanda H. 0000-0002-7199-2145 ahbell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7199-2145","contributorId":1752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"Amanda","email":"ahbell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, Larry R. 0000-0001-6702-4531 lrbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6702-4531","contributorId":1717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Larry","email":"lrbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fitzpatrick, Faith A. fafitzpa@usgs.gov","contributorId":1182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"Faith","email":"fafitzpa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":468910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Scudder Eikenberry, Barbara C.","contributorId":63771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scudder Eikenberry","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Woodside, Michael D. mdwoodsi@usgs.gov","contributorId":2903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodside","given":"Michael D.","email":"mdwoodsi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Cuffney, Thomas F. 0000-0003-1164-5560 tcuffney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1164-5560","contributorId":517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cuffney","given":"Thomas","email":"tcuffney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bryant, Wade L. Jr. wbbryant@usgs.gov","contributorId":1777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryant","given":"Wade L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"wbbryant@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":468913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Cappiella, Karen","contributorId":83595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cappiella","given":"Karen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Fraley-McNeal, Lisa","contributorId":96968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fraley-McNeal","given":"Lisa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Stack, William P.","contributorId":25417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stack","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70040780,"text":"70040780 - 2012 - Concentrations, loads, and yields of organic carbon in streams of agricultural watersheds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-19T12:26:46","indexId":"70040780","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Concentrations, loads, and yields of organic carbon in streams of agricultural watersheds","docAbstract":"Carbon is cycled to and from large reservoirs in the atmosphere, on land, and in the ocean. Movement of organic carbon from the terrestrial reservoir to the ocean plays an important role in the global cycling of carbon. The transition from natural to agricultural vegetation can change the storage and movement of organic carbon in and from a watershed. Samples were collected from 13 streams located in hydrologically and agriculturally diverse watersheds, to better understand the variability in the concentrations and loads of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and particulate organic carbon (POC) in the streams, and the variability in watershed yields. The overall annual median concentrations of DOC and POC were 4.9 (range: 2.1–6.8) and 1.1 (range: 0.4–3.8) mg C L<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. The mean DOC watershed yield (± SE) was 25 ± 6.8 kg C ha<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup>. The yields of DOC from these agricultural watersheds were not substantially different than the DOC yield from naturally vegetated watersheds in equivalent biomes, but were at the low end of the range for most biomes. Total organic carbon (DOC + POC) annually exported from the agricultural watersheds was found to average 0.03% of the organic carbon that is contained in the labile plant matter and top 1 m of soil in the watershed. Since the total organic carbon exported from agricultural watersheds is a relatively small portion of the sequestered carbon within the watershed, there is the great potential to store additional carbon in plants and soils of the watershed, offsetting some anthropogenic CO2 emissions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Quality","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Agronomy","publisherLocation":"Madison, WI","doi":"10.2134/jeq2012.0045","usgsCitation":"Kronholm, S., and Capel, P., 2012, Concentrations, loads, and yields of organic carbon in streams of agricultural watersheds: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 41, no. 6, p. 1874-1883, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2012.0045.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1874","endPage":"1883","temporalStart":"1996-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-037239","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263267,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2012.0045"},{"id":263268,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California;Indiana;Iowa;Maryl;Mississippi;Nebraska;Washington","volume":"41","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50abfb66e4b0afbc75eb97f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kronholm, Scott","contributorId":22211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kronholm","given":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Capel, Paul","contributorId":26018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capel","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70040809,"text":"sir20125186 - 2012 - Groundwater quality in West Virginia, 1993-2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-19T10:45:15","indexId":"sir20125186","displayToPublicDate":"2012-11-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5186","title":"Groundwater quality in West Virginia, 1993-2008","docAbstract":"Approximately 42 percent of all West Virginians rely on groundwater for their domestic water supply. However, prior to 2008, the quality of the West Virginia’s groundwater resource was largely unknown. The need for a statewide assessment of groundwater quality prompted the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection (WVDEP), Division of Water and Waste Management, to develop an ambient groundwater-quality monitoring program.\n\nThe USGS West Virginia Water Science Center sampled 300 wells, of which 80 percent were public-supply wells, over a 10-year period, 1999–2008. Sites for this statewide ambient groundwater-quality monitoring program were selected to provide wide areal coverage and to represent a variety of environmental settings. The resulting 300 samples were supplemented with data from a related monitoring network of 24 wells and springs.\n\nAll samples were analyzed for field measurements (water temperature, pH, specific conductance, and dissolved oxygen), major ions, trace elements, nutrients, volatile organic compounds, fecal indicator bacteria, and radon-222. Sub-sets of samples were analyzed for pesticides or semi-volatile organic compounds; site selection was based on local land use.\n\nSamples were grouped for comparison by geologic age of the aquifer, Groups included Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Pennsylvanian, Permian, and Quaternary aquifers. A comparison of samples indicated that geologic age of the aquifer was the largest contributor to variability in groundwater quality.\n\nThis study did not attempt to characterize drinking water provided through public water systems. All samples were of raw, untreated groundwater. Drinking-water criteria apply to water that is served to the public, not to raw water. However, drinking water criteria, including U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) maximum contaminant level (MCL), non-enforceable secondary maximum contaminant level (SMCL), non-enforceable proposed MCL, or non-enforceable advisory health-based screening level (HBSL), were used as benchmarks against which to compare analytical results.\n\nConstituent concentrations were less than the MCLs in most samples. However, some samples exceeded non-enforceable SMCLs, proposed MCLs, or advisory HBSLs. Radon-222 concentrations exceeded the proposed MCL of 300 pCi/L in 45 percent of samples, and iron concentrations exceeded the SMCL of 300 µg/L in 57 percent of samples. Manganese concentrations were greater than the SMCL (50 µg/L) in 62 percent of samples and greater than the HBSL (300 µg/L) in 25 percent of the samples. Other sampled constituents, including organic compounds and trace elements, exceeded drinking-water criteria at much lower frequencies.\n\nThe radon-222 median concentrations in samples from Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Permian, and Quaternary aquifers exceeded the proposed 300 pCi/L MCL. Although median radon concentrations for wells in Devonian, Mississippian, and Pennsylvanian aquifers were less than the proposed MCL, radon concentrations greater than the proposed MCL were measured in samples from aquifers of all geologic ages.\n\nThe median iron concentrations for samples from Devonian and Pennsylvanian aquifers were greater than the 300 µg/L SMCL. Iron concentrations exceeded the SMCL in aquifers of all geologic ages, except Cambrian. Median concentrations of manganese exceeded the SMCL in samples from Devonian, Pennsylvanian, and Quaternary aquifers. As with iron, manganese concentrations were found to exceed the SMCL in at least one sample from aquifers of all geologic ages, except Cambrian.\n\nPesticides were detected most frequently and in higher concentrations in limestone-dominated areas. Most of West Virginia’s agriculture is concentrated in those areas.\n\nThis study, the most comprehensive assessment of West Virginia groundwater quality to date, indicates the water quality of West Virginia’s groundwater is generally good; in the majority of cases raw-water samples met primary drinking water-criteria. However, some constituents, notably iron and manganese, exceeded the secondary drinking criteria in more than half the samples.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125186","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Water and Waste Management","usgsCitation":"Chambers, D., Kozar, M.D., White, J.S., and Paybins, K.S., 2012, Groundwater quality in West Virginia, 1993-2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5186, viii, 47 p.; col. ill.; maps (col.), https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125186.","productDescription":"viii, 47 p.; col. ill.; maps (col.)","startPage":"i","endPage":"47","numberOfPages":"60","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1993-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":642,"text":"West Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263260,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5186/"},{"id":263261,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5186/pdf/sir2012-5186.pdf"},{"id":263262,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5186.png"}],"country":"United States","state":"West Virginia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.64,37.2 ], [ -82.64,40.64 ], [ -77.72,40.64 ], [ -77.72,37.2 ], [ -82.64,37.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50abfb7ce4b0afbc75eb980c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chambers, Douglas B. 0000-0002-5275-5427 dbchambe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5275-5427","contributorId":2520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chambers","given":"Douglas B.","email":"dbchambe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":642,"text":"West Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kozar, Mark D. 0000-0001-7755-7657 mdkozar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7755-7657","contributorId":1963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kozar","given":"Mark","email":"mdkozar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"White, Jeremy S. 0000-0002-1501-1074 jswhite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1501-1074","contributorId":3905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Jeremy","email":"jswhite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":642,"text":"West Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":469070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Paybins, Katherine S. 0000-0002-3967-5043 kpaybins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3967-5043","contributorId":2805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paybins","given":"Katherine","email":"kpaybins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":642,"text":"West Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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