The first Paleozoic reef belt on the Indo-Pakistan subcontinent has recently been recognized near the town of Nowshera (lat 34°00′ N., long 72°00′ E.) in northern West Pakistan. It consists of nine separate hills aligned in a 15-mile-long, east-west band rising out of the Peshawar alluvial plain. Each hill is composed of one or more reef cores whose thicknesses range from less than 100 feet to more than 700 feet. The reef cores are separated by relatively unfossiliferous carbonate rocks thinner than the reefs.
The reef belt contains a fauna entirely new to Pakistan that has been dated as Early Devonian to to Late Silurian (Ludlovian to Gedinnian). The reef carbonates are the first sediments of possible Silurian age found anywhere in the country and the southernmost Devonian deposits in West Pakistan.
Individual reef cores consist of faunal zones or layers that indicate a gradual growth of the reef mass from relatively quiet water upward into rough water.
The presence of these reefs and correlative fossiliferous carbonate sediments in the Peshawar area suggests that in Silurian and Devonian times much of northern West Pakistan was covered by warm, shallow seas bordered by reefs or containing reef platforms.
The association of these Paleozoic reefs with extensive deposits of fetid black limestones and porous dolomites may indicate economic potential for the accumulation of oil.
","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1968)79[1331:SRCNNW]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Stauffer, K.W., 1968, Silurian-devonian reef complex near Nowshera, West Pakistan: GSA Bulletin, v. 79, no. 10, p. 1331-1350, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1968)79[1331:SRCNNW]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1331","endPage":"1350","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":367726,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Pakistan","otherGeospatial":"Town of Nowshera in northern West Pakistan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 71.62399291992188,\n 33.7117746375995\n ],\n [\n 72.59353637695312,\n 33.7117746375995\n ],\n [\n 72.59353637695312,\n 34.31394984163214\n ],\n [\n 71.62399291992188,\n 34.31394984163214\n ],\n [\n 71.62399291992188,\n 33.7117746375995\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"79","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stauffer, Karl W.","contributorId":20760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stauffer","given":"Karl","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":771738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70010829,"text":"70010829 - 1968 - Argon-40: Excess in submarine pillow basalts from Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-05T20:52:00.789103","indexId":"70010829","displayToPublicDate":"1968-09-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Argon-40: Excess in submarine pillow basalts from Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Submarine pillow basalts from Kilauea Volcano contain excess radiogenic argon-40 and give anomalously high potassium-argon ages. Glassy rims of pillows show a systematic increase in radiogenic argon-40 with depth, and a pillow from a depth of 2590 meters shows a decrease in radiogenic argon-40 inward from the pillow rim. The data indicate that the amount of excess radiogenic argon-40 is a direct function of both hydrostatic pressure and rate of cooling, and that many submarine basalts are not suitable for potassium-argon dating.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.161.3846.1132","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Dalrymple, G.B., and Moore, J., 1968, Argon-40: Excess in submarine pillow basalts from Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: Science, v. 161, no. 3846, p. 1132-1135, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.161.3846.1132.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1132","endPage":"1135","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218896,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.31538163972465,\n 19.432939044191286\n ],\n [\n -155.31538163972465,\n 19.38168576897783\n ],\n [\n -155.25430005642218,\n 19.38168576897783\n ],\n [\n -155.25430005642218,\n 19.432939044191286\n ],\n [\n -155.31538163972465,\n 19.432939044191286\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"161","issue":"3846","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed76e4b0c8380cd4980f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dalrymple, G. Brent","contributorId":55146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dalrymple","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Brent","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, J.G.","contributorId":67496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011590,"text":"70011590 - 1968 - Alga-like forms in Onverwacht Series, South Africa: Oldest recognized lifelike forms on earth","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-05T21:01:18.979547","indexId":"70011590","displayToPublicDate":"1968-09-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Alga-like forms in Onverwacht Series, South Africa: Oldest recognized lifelike forms on earth","docAbstract":"Spheroidal and cupshaped, carbonaceous alga-like bodies, as well as filamentous structures and amorphous carbonaceous matter occur in sedimentary rocks of the Onverwacht Series (Swaziland System) in South Africa. The Onverwacht sediments are older than 3.2 eons, and they are probably the oldest, little-altered sedimentary rocks on Earth. The basal Onverwacht sediments lie approximately 10,000 meters stratigraphically below the Fig Tree sedimentary rocks, from which similar organic microstructures have been interpreted as alga-like microfossils. The Onverwacht spheroids and filaments are best preserved in black, carbon-rich cherts and siliceous argillites interlayered with thick sequences of lavas. These lifelike forms and the associated carbonaceous substances are probably biological in origin. If so, the origins of unicellular life on Earth are buried in older rocks now obliterated by igneous and metamorphic events.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.161.3845.1005","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Engel, A., Nagy, B., Nagy, L., Engel, C., Kremp, G., and Drew, C., 1968, Alga-like forms in Onverwacht Series, South Africa: Oldest recognized lifelike forms on earth: Science, v. 161, no. 3845, p. 1005-1008, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.161.3845.1005.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1005","endPage":"1008","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221601,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"South Africa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 16.23403149846564,\n -28.18718079792832\n ],\n [\n 17.337489849462173,\n -34.352684286192634\n ],\n [\n 19.903057315501314,\n -35.36147281952401\n ],\n [\n 26.835813143276482,\n -34.49822803917185\n ],\n [\n 32.32221346340066,\n -30.230469918789314\n ],\n [\n 33.16643390226105,\n -27.23436389711216\n ],\n [\n 31.285069199514737,\n -26.255019419128487\n ],\n [\n 32.45630967451314,\n -25.053703074909432\n ],\n [\n 30.88958692034025,\n -22.144501081708313\n ],\n [\n 28.658893908087745,\n -22.317673259981017\n ],\n [\n 25.397042642071938,\n -25.025002170367543\n ],\n [\n 23.29228277822293,\n -25.08691998716075\n ],\n [\n 22.206149328916872,\n -25.887190746870708\n ],\n [\n 20.98660287457773,\n -26.48733965606824\n ],\n [\n 20.82351658541989,\n -25.134557854748003\n ],\n [\n 19.983762238796125,\n -25.07959237848911\n ],\n [\n 19.8219419755585,\n -28.32408933927298\n ],\n [\n 18.92885560896601,\n -28.766316671914137\n ],\n [\n 16.948211402831063,\n -28.11548855525143\n ],\n [\n 16.23403149846564,\n -28.18718079792832\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"161","issue":"3845","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e95ae4b0c8380cd4820d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Engel, A.E.J.","contributorId":52246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engel","given":"A.E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nagy, B.","contributorId":47912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagy","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nagy, L.A.","contributorId":85622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagy","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Engel, C.G.","contributorId":18489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engel","given":"C.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kremp, G.O.W.","contributorId":43102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kremp","given":"G.O.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Drew, C.M.","contributorId":53089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drew","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70209023,"text":"70209023 - 1968 - Chronology of intrusion, volcanism, and ore deposition at Bingham, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-11T17:58:17","indexId":"70209023","displayToPublicDate":"1968-09-01T17:52:43","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chronology of intrusion, volcanism, and ore deposition at Bingham, Utah","docAbstract":"Potassium-argon dates for major igneous rock types in the Bingham mining district, Utah, range from 39 to 32 m.y. and suggest that:(1) Plutonism, volcanism, and hydrothermal activity were sequential stages in a magmatic history of about 7 m.y. duration.(2) Latitic volcanic rocks, in part, postdate emplacement of the Last Chance and Bingham stocks.(3) Sulfide mineralization and hydrothermal alteration followed emplacement of the monzonitic stocks and extrusion of at least the earliest units in the volcanic sequence; the time interval between intrusion and alteration was probably less than 1 m.y.(4) The rhyolites of Shaggy Peak, which may represent terminal differentiation products in a comagmatic series, are the youngest igneous rocks in the area.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.63.6.612","usgsCitation":"Moore, W.J., Lanphere, M.A., and Obradovich, J.D., 1968, Chronology of intrusion, volcanism, and ore deposition at Bingham, Utah: Economic Geology, v. 63, no. 6, p. 612-621, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.63.6.612.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"612","endPage":"621","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":373144,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","city":"Bingham","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.19135284423828,\n 40.488215202002614\n ],\n [\n -112.09590911865234,\n 40.488215202002614\n ],\n [\n -112.09590911865234,\n 40.57224011776902\n ],\n [\n -112.19135284423828,\n 40.57224011776902\n ],\n [\n -112.19135284423828,\n 40.488215202002614\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"63","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1968-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, W. J.","contributorId":84334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":784567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lanphere, Marvin A. alder@usgs.gov","contributorId":2696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanphere","given":"Marvin","email":"alder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":784568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Obradovich, J. D.","contributorId":48966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Obradovich","given":"J.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":784569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70209022,"text":"70209022 - 1968 - Distribution of minor elements in ore and host rock, Illinois-Kentucky fluorite district and Upper Mississippi Valley zinc-lead district","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-11T17:51:19","indexId":"70209022","displayToPublicDate":"1968-09-01T17:47:54","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of minor elements in ore and host rock, Illinois-Kentucky fluorite district and Upper Mississippi Valley zinc-lead district","docAbstract":"This paper presents data on the distribution of minor elements in ore and gangue minerals and in adjacent host rock from the Illinois-Kentucky fluorite district and Upper Mississippi Valley zinc-lead district. Comparisons are made of the minor-element abundances between districts and within the paragenetic sequence in individual districts.The ore of the Illinois-Kentucky fluorite district is characterized by greater abundance of minor elements than in other Mississippi Valley deposits, by large fractionation of silver between galena and sphalerite, and by a low ratio of antimony to silver in galena. Silver and antimony are concentrated in the galena and show a marked zonal pattern within the district. Sphalerite is high in cadmium, gallium, and germanium.The Upper Mississippi Valley zinc-lead district differs markedly from the Illinois-Kentucky fluorite district in minor-element concentrations and distribution. The minor elements are much less abundant, and silver is slightly more concentrated in sphalerite than in galena.Several analyses of minor elements in ore minerals from the Southeast Missouri lead district are given for comparison.It is concluded that the minor elements were largely leached from the basement by convective circulation of heated oilfield brine.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.63.6.655","usgsCitation":"Hall, W.E., and Heyl, A., 1968, Distribution of minor elements in ore and host rock, Illinois-Kentucky fluorite district and Upper Mississippi Valley zinc-lead district: Economic Geology, v. 63, no. 6, p. 655-670, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.63.6.655.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"655","endPage":"670","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":373143,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Kentucky","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.296875,\n 36.923547681089296\n ],\n [\n -86.60522460937499,\n 36.923547681089296\n ],\n [\n -86.60522460937499,\n 38.565347844885466\n ],\n [\n -89.296875,\n 38.565347844885466\n ],\n [\n -89.296875,\n 36.923547681089296\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"63","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1968-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, Wayne E.","contributorId":89955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":784565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heyl, Allen V.","contributorId":17678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heyl","given":"Allen V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":784566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":37717,"text":"37717 - 1968 - Big game inventory for 1967","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-24T13:18:45","indexId":"37717","displayToPublicDate":"1968-09-01T13:18:15","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":98,"text":"Wildlife Leaflet","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"481","title":"Big game inventory for 1967","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","collaboration":"Compiled in the Bird and Mammal Laboratories, Division of Wildlife Research.","usgsCitation":"U.S. Division Of Wildlife Research, 1968, Big game inventory for 1967 (Revises Wildlife Leaflet 342 (1952).): Wildlife Leaflet 481, 4 p.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290930,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Revises Wildlife Leaflet 342 (1952).","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57ffcaa8e4b0824b2d174e2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Division Of Wildlife Research","contributorId":128226,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Division Of Wildlife Research","id":529682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":37718,"text":"37718 - 1968 - Fur catch in the United States, 1967","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-22T13:15:35","indexId":"37718","displayToPublicDate":"1968-09-01T13:13:40","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":98,"text":"Wildlife Leaflet","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"482","title":"Fur catch in the United States, 1967","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","collaboration":"Compiled in the Bird and Mammal Laboratories, Division of Wildlife Research.","usgsCitation":"U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, 1968, Fur catch in the United States, 1967 (Revises Wildlife Leaflet BS-140 (1939).): Wildlife Leaflet 482, 4 p.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","temporalStart":"1967-01-01","temporalEnd":"1967-12-31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290716,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Revises Wildlife Leaflet BS-140 (1939).","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57ffcaa8e4b0824b2d174e31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife","contributorId":128149,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife","id":529683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70221433,"text":"70221433 - 1968 - A fossil assemblage from the wicomico formation in Berkeley County, South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-15T18:16:38.281429","indexId":"70221433","displayToPublicDate":"1968-09-01T13:10:24","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A fossil assemblage from the wicomico formation in Berkeley County, South Carolina","docAbstract":"Both megafossils and fossil Foraminifera have been obtained from unconsolidated sediments of the Wicomico Formation, which underlies the Penholoway terrace, a coastal feature that formed when the shoreline of the Atlantic Ocean stood about 70 feet higher than at present. Some of the fossils are Tertiary species and are assumed to have been derived from rocks of that age; the others are species commonly found in near-shore deposits of Quaternary age as well as in present-day south-Atlantic coastal waters. The Penholoway terrace in this area is shown to have been formed during a pause in marine regression from the Wicomico stand, when the sea stood near 100 feet. The relation of the Wicomico and Penholoway terraces to other coastal terraces suggests a Yarmouth age for the fossil-yielding beds.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1968)79[1211:AFAFTW]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Colquhoun, D., Herrick, S.M., and Richards, H., 1968, A fossil assemblage from the wicomico formation in Berkeley County, South Carolina: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 79, no. 9, p. 1211-1220, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1968)79[1211:AFAFTW]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1211","endPage":"1220","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386505,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Berkeley County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.474609375,\n 32.03602003973757\n ],\n [\n -79.56298828125,\n 32.03602003973757\n ],\n [\n -79.56298828125,\n 33.43144133557529\n ],\n [\n -81.474609375,\n 33.43144133557529\n ],\n [\n -81.474609375,\n 32.03602003973757\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"79","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colquhoun, D.J.","contributorId":260292,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Colquhoun","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herrick, Stephen M.","contributorId":42199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herrick","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Richards, H.G.","contributorId":260293,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Richards","given":"H.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70221428,"text":"70221428 - 1968 - Calibration and evaluation of a wide-range gravimetric method for measuring moisture stress","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-15T16:20:55.785847","indexId":"70221428","displayToPublicDate":"1968-09-01T11:18:08","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3419,"text":"Soil Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calibration and evaluation of a wide-range gravimetric method for measuring moisture stress","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.","doi":"10.1097/00010694-196809000-00012","usgsCitation":"McQueen, I., and Miller, R., 1968, Calibration and evaluation of a wide-range gravimetric method for measuring moisture stress: Soil Science, v. 106, no. 3, p. 225-231, https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-196809000-00012.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"225","endPage":"231","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386496,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McQueen, I.S.","contributorId":59774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McQueen","given":"I.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, R.F.","contributorId":83882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70221367,"text":"70221367 - 1968 - Refined molecular structure of the heptamolybdate and hexamolybdotellurate ions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-11T15:51:25.962434","indexId":"70221367","displayToPublicDate":"1968-09-01T10:47:29","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2519,"text":"Journal of the American Chemical Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Refined molecular structure of the heptamolybdate and hexamolybdotellurate ions","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/ja01014a073","usgsCitation":"Evans, H.T., 1968, Refined molecular structure of the heptamolybdate and hexamolybdotellurate ions: Journal of the American Chemical Society, v. 90, no. 12, p. 3275-3276, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01014a073.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"3275","endPage":"3276","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386430,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evans, H. T. Jr.","contributorId":41859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70221366,"text":"70221366 - 1968 - Minor epigenetic, diagenetic, and syngenetic sulfide, fluorite, and barite occurrences in the central United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-11T15:46:19.53654","indexId":"70221366","displayToPublicDate":"1968-09-01T10:39:21","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Minor epigenetic, diagenetic, and syngenetic sulfide, fluorite, and barite occurrences in the central United States","docAbstract":"Metallic sulfides, fluorite, barite, and celestite are widespread in the sedimentary rocks of the central United States. Many occurrences are epigenetic concentrations either in known major mineral districts or in clusters of deposits that warrant further exploration for potential ore. Evaluation of trace-element composition, of fluid inclusions, of depositional temperature, and of isotopic composition of sulfur may help discriminate potentially economic deposits from even more widespread, probably noneconomic, syngeneic occurrences. Known major mineral districts and many promising sulfide occurrences are located along complex major fault systems and particularly over structural domes at intersections of fault systems. Economically promising sulfide deposits occur along a west-trending fault system crossing Kentucky and Missouri near the 38th parallel, particularly at associated cryptoexplosion structures along it, at the intersection of the fault system with the Cincinnati arch. Elsewhere in the central United States, promising sulfide occurrences are located along the crest of the Findlay arch, near Serpent Mound, Ohio, along the northwest-trending Mount Carmel fault in southwestern Indiana, and buried at depth in oil fields of west-central Kansas.Other types of deposits that are productive or may have some future economic interest are locally economic and possibly syngenetic red-bed copper occurrences in Oklahoma, Texas, Kansas, and Pennsylvania. Most widespread are the black shale and pyritic sandstone beds, some of which have been a source of pyrite for sulfur and sulfuric acid in conjunction with coal mining. Bedded barite deposits of possibly diagenetic origin have been mined in Arkansas. Diagenetic siderite concretions containing sulfides and barite were widespread sources of iron in the 19th century.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.63.6.585","usgsCitation":"Heyl, A.V., 1968, Minor epigenetic, diagenetic, and syngenetic sulfide, fluorite, and barite occurrences in the central United States: Economic Geology, v. 63, no. 6, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.63.6.585.","productDescription":"10p.","endPage":"585","numberOfPages":"594","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386429,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1968-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heyl, A. V.","contributorId":70032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heyl","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70206927,"text":"70206927 - 1968 - Observations in deep-scattering layers off Cape Hatteras, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-27T16:40:10","indexId":"70206927","displayToPublicDate":"1968-08-31T16:35:37","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1372,"text":"Deep-Sea Research and Oceanographic Abstracts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observations in deep-scattering layers off Cape Hatteras, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0011-7471(68)90058-2","usgsCitation":"Milliman, J.D., and Manheim, F.T., 1968, Observations in deep-scattering layers off Cape Hatteras, U.S.A.: Deep-Sea Research and Oceanographic Abstracts, v. 15, no. 4, p. 505-507, https://doi.org/10.1016/0011-7471(68)90058-2.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"505","endPage":"507","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":369758,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Cape Hatteras","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.59967041015625,\n 35.775485962767995\n ],\n [\n -76.08032226562499,\n 35.15135442846945\n ],\n [\n -75.93200683593749,\n 34.942236637841184\n ],\n [\n -75.4595947265625,\n 35.185032937998294\n ],\n [\n -75.41015624999999,\n 35.7843988251953\n ],\n [\n -75.59967041015625,\n 35.775485962767995\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milliman, John D.","contributorId":213518,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Milliman","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":38770,"text":"College of William and Mary, Virginia Institute of Marine Science","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":776282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Manheim, Frank T. 0000-0003-4005-4524","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4005-4524","contributorId":20770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manheim","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70175446,"text":"70175446 - 1968 - Ground-water flow related to streamflow and water quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T12:03:05","indexId":"70175446","displayToPublicDate":"1968-08-15T13:15:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground-water flow related to streamflow and water quality","docAbstract":"A ground-water flow system in southwestern Minnesota illustrates water movement between geologic units and between the land surface and the subsurface. The flow patterns indicate numerous zones of ground-water recharge and discharge controlled by topography, varying thicknesses of geologic units, variation in permeabilities, and the configuration of the basement rock surface. Variations in streamflow along a reach of the Yellow Medicine River agree with the subsurface flow system. Increases and decreases in runoff per square mile correspond, apparently, to ground-water discharge and recharge zones. Ground-water quality variations between calcium sulfate waters typical of the Quaternary drift and sodium chloride waters typical of the Cretaceous rocks are caused by mixing of the two water types. The zones of mixing are in agreement with ground-water flow patterns along the hydrologic section.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR004i004p00769","usgsCitation":"Van Voast, W.A., and Novitzki, R., 1968, Ground-water flow related to streamflow and water quality: Water Resources Research, v. 4, no. 4, p. 769-775, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR004i004p00769.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"769","endPage":"775","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326403,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57ada1c7e4b0f412a62dfa7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Voast, Wayne A.","contributorId":91846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Voast","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Novitzki, R.P.","contributorId":73986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Novitzki","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":645257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70221377,"text":"70221377 - 1968 - Correlation of and facies changes in the carbonaceous, calcareous, and dolomitic formations of the precambrian belt-purcell supergroup: Discussion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-11T17:28:02.650736","indexId":"70221377","displayToPublicDate":"1968-08-01T12:23:58","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Correlation of and facies changes in the carbonaceous, calcareous, and dolomitic formations of the precambrian belt-purcell supergroup: Discussion","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1968)79[1093:COAFCI]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Harrison, J.E., and Campbell, A., 1968, Correlation of and facies changes in the carbonaceous, calcareous, and dolomitic formations of the precambrian belt-purcell supergroup: Discussion: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 79, no. 8, p. 1093-1095, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1968)79[1093:COAFCI]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"1093","endPage":"1095","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386440,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harrison, Jack E.","contributorId":52639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrison","given":"Jack","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, Arthur B.","contributorId":29035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Arthur B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70221369,"text":"70221369 - 1968 - The non-colloidal origin of 'colloform' textures in sphalerite ores","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-11T16:19:59.632857","indexId":"70221369","displayToPublicDate":"1968-08-01T11:17:15","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The non-colloidal origin of 'colloform' textures in sphalerite ores","docAbstract":"\"Colloform\" ores have generally been considered to have been deposited as colloidal sulfide gels, and even transported as colloidal \"sols.\" However, studies of doubly polished plates of \"colloform\" sphalerite-wurtzite assemblages from various deposits reveal crystal growth features that cannot have been formed by crystallization from gels, and indicate that most, and perhaps all, grew directly as minute druses of continuously euhedral crystals projecting into an ore fluid. Each of the many textural criteria proposed for recognizing colloidal deposition is shown to be invalid, ambiguous, or inapplicable to these samples, and perhaps also to most other \"colloform\" mineral samples.Four conclusions pertinent to ore research are derived from this study: (1) Primary fluid inclusions in \"colloform\" samples are believed to represent the original ore fluid, not merely a residual fluid from the crystallization of a gel. (2) Although euhedral crystals may possibly grow directly from a sol, several features make a noncolloidal (true solution) ore fluid more probable. (3) Maintenance of the large number of crystal nuclei responsible for the \"colloform\" texture is attributed to relatively high supersaturation, and hence relatively high nucleation and growth rates, for the temperatures involved. (4) Remarkably uniform, regular compositional microbands, traversing many crystals in samples from the east Tennessee, Aachen, and particularly the Pine Point deposits, are tentatively interpreted as annual \"varves.\" No actual growth rates have been determined, but each \"varve\" consists of a dark and a light band, outlining sharply euhedral former crystal growth patterns and suggesting an annual change in the ore fluid due to dilution with surface waters of varying volume or chemistry (e.g., oxygen or organic content).
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.63.5.451","usgsCitation":"Roedder, E., 1968, The non-colloidal origin of 'colloform' textures in sphalerite ores: Economic Geology, v. 63, no. 5, p. 451-471, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.63.5.451.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"451","endPage":"471","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386432,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1968-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roedder, E.","contributorId":100986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roedder","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70221368,"text":"70221368 - 1968 - Temperature, salinity, and origin of the ore-forming fluids at Pine Point, Northwest Territories, Canada, from fluid inclusion studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-11T15:57:58.424528","indexId":"70221368","displayToPublicDate":"1968-08-01T10:53:30","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temperature, salinity, and origin of the ore-forming fluids at Pine Point, Northwest Territories, Canada, from fluid inclusion studies","docAbstract":"Although the Pine Point ore is relatively poor in useable fluid inclusions, some sphalerite crystals from replacements, vugs, and from \" colloform\" crusts were found to contain primary or pseudosecondary liquid-gas inclusions adequate for study. Most (132 of 133) of these had low freezing temperatures, indicating exceedingly saline brines. The 112 inclusions suitable for filling-temperature determination homogenized at +51° to +97° C. A very small pressure correction must be added to obtain the trapping temperature.Dolomite crystals from some of the same vugs contain large numbers of primary inclusions, many of which have leaked. The twenty-three that presumably have not leaked had filling temperatures of 90°-100° C, but somewhat lower salinities. Inclusions in late calcite appeared to have similar gas-liquid ratios, but had still lower salinities.The significance of these data lies in the limitations they place on the choice of possible mechanisms of origin of these large deposits. This choice, in turn, may influence the success in prospecting for blind ore bodies. There is general agreement that the deposits are of Mississippi Valley type. Although the high salinities may reflect solution of salts from evaporites, as are now found to the south, the elevated temperatures seem to require deep circulation, perhaps through known faults in the underlying Pre-cambrian. The densities of these brines, even at their elevated temperatures, are well above that of fresh, cold surface water, thus restricting the possible modes of circulation during ore deposition.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.63.5.439","usgsCitation":"Roedder, E., 1968, Temperature, salinity, and origin of the ore-forming fluids at Pine Point, Northwest Territories, Canada, from fluid inclusion studies: Economic Geology, v. 63, no. 5, p. 439-450, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.63.5.439.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"439","endPage":"450","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386431,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","otherGeospatial":"northwest Canada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -140.9765625,\n 57.51582286553883\n ],\n [\n -112.14843749999999,\n 57.51582286553883\n ],\n [\n -112.14843749999999,\n 70.8446726342528\n ],\n [\n -140.9765625,\n 70.8446726342528\n ],\n [\n -140.9765625,\n 57.51582286553883\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"63","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1968-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roedder, E.","contributorId":100986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roedder","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70180877,"text":"70180877 - 1968 - Analog simulation of ground-water development of the Saginaw Formation, Lansing metropolitan area, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-22T16:16:20.031731","indexId":"70180877","displayToPublicDate":"1968-07-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":375,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Analog simulation of ground-water development of the Saginaw Formation, Lansing metropolitan area, Michigan","docAbstract":"This report was prepared as a part of the study of the water resources of Clinton, Eaton and Ingham Counties being made for the Tri-County Planning Commission by the Water Resources Division of the U. S. Geological Survey. The report describes one phase of the investigation, that is, the projections of future time-withdrawal-drawdown relationships obtained from an electric analog model study of the Saginaw Formation, the principal aquifer in the Lansing Metropolitan area.
The study of the Tri-County Region is a part of the continuing program of water resources investigation conducted by the U. S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Geological Survey Division of the Michigan Department of Conservation and other state and local agencies.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70180877","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Tri-County Planning Commission and Michigan Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Vanlier, K., and Wheeler, M., 1968, Analog simulation of ground-water development of the Saginaw Formation, Lansing metropolitan area, Michigan: Open-File Report, ii, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70180877.","productDescription":"ii, 40 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":409544,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70180877/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":334825,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70180877/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Saginaw Formation","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58999946e4b0efcedb71a0c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vanlier, K.E.","contributorId":24332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vanlier","given":"K.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wheeler, M.L.","contributorId":179105,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wheeler","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011521,"text":"70011521 - 1968 - Middle Pennsylvanian plant fossils: Problematic occurrence in the Bronx","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-06T14:32:01.836953","indexId":"70011521","displayToPublicDate":"1968-07-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Middle Pennsylvanian plant fossils: Problematic occurrence in the Bronx","docAbstract":"A possible glacial boulder of undeformed and unmetamorphosed siltstone containing Middle Pennsylvanian plant fossils was recovered from the Bronx. The rock cannot be explained by known geologic relations and suggests the possibility of undetected outliers of Pennsylvanian rocks in the Hudson valley.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.161.3837.157","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Zen, E., and Mamay, S., 1968, Middle Pennsylvanian plant fossils: Problematic occurrence in the Bronx: Science, v. 161, no. 3837, p. 157-158, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.161.3837.157.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"157","endPage":"158","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221596,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Bronx, Hudson valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.33269523695748,\n 42.06139546152224\n ],\n [\n -74.33269523695748,\n 40.91767622342306\n ],\n [\n -73.64939627952698,\n 40.91767622342306\n ],\n [\n -73.64939627952698,\n 42.06139546152224\n ],\n [\n -74.33269523695748,\n 42.06139546152224\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"161","issue":"3837","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a56e9e4b0c8380cd6d8f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zen, E-an","contributorId":38564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zen","given":"E-an","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mamay, S.H.","contributorId":49422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mamay","given":"S.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70211005,"text":"70211005 - 1968 - Article navigation zonal distribution of variations in structural state of alkali feldspar within the Rader Creek pluton, Boulder Batholith, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-09T18:33:22.628063","indexId":"70211005","displayToPublicDate":"1968-07-09T13:26:50","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2420,"text":"Journal of Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Article navigation zonal distribution of variations in structural state of alkali feldspar within the Rader Creek pluton, Boulder Batholith, Montana","docAbstract":"The granodioritic Rader Creek pluton of the composite Boulder batholith contains microperthitic alkali feldspar of bulk composition Or65 to Or86 with a structurally variable potassic phase. Complete cell parameters, 2V measurements, and bulk composition are given for 11 feldspar samples. The 131 and 131 reflections for these and 58 additional samples show the following structural types in the potassic phase: orthoclase only; orthoclase with subordinate maximum or near-maximum microcline (obliquity = 0.75–1.00); orthoclase with subordinate intermediate microcline (obliquity = 0.64–0.71); and intermediate microcline (obliquity = 0.56–0.77) with subordinate orthoclase. Within the pluton different feldspar structural types occur in zones whose boundaries are approximately parallel to contacts with younger intrusive rocks cutting the Rader Creek pluton but are, in places, nearly perpendicular to zonation within the pluton defined by rock composition. In general, the orthoclase zone is closest to the contact with younger intrusives; the intermediate microcline zone is the most distant. Bulk compositions of alkali feldspar are more potassic in the orthoclase zone than elsewhere. The data suggest a complex history for the alkali feldspar, involving at least two stages: 1. Exsolution and partial inversion of orthoclase to intermediate microcline during cooling of the Rader Creek pluton; 2. Transformation of the intermediate-microcline assemblage to orthoclase during reheating of the pluton at the time of intrusion of younger plutons of the batholith. The transitional stage in this transformation is characterized by orthoclase co-existing with subordinate microcline, whose obliquity usually approaches that of maximum microcline.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/petrology/9.3.331","usgsCitation":"Tilling, R.I., 1968, Article navigation zonal distribution of variations in structural state of alkali feldspar within the Rader Creek pluton, Boulder Batholith, Montana: Journal of Petrology, v. 9, no. 3, p. 331-357, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/9.3.331.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"331","endPage":"357","costCenters":[{"id":153,"text":"California Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":376224,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Boulder Batholith, Montana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.7581787109375,\n 45.57175504130605\n ],\n [\n -111.68701171875,\n 45.57175504130605\n ],\n [\n -111.68701171875,\n 46.65697731621612\n ],\n [\n -112.7581787109375,\n 46.65697731621612\n ],\n [\n -112.7581787109375,\n 45.57175504130605\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tilling, Robert I. 0000-0003-4263-7221 rtilling@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4263-7221","contributorId":2567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tilling","given":"Robert","email":"rtilling@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":792403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5220630,"text":"5220630 - 1968 - Sensitive resettable odometer aids roadside census of red-winged blackbirds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-12T16:43:20.316283","indexId":"5220630","displayToPublicDate":"1968-07-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sensitive resettable odometer aids roadside census of red-winged blackbirds","docAbstract":"A sensitive resettable odometer reading to 0.01 mile facilitated censusing breeding male redwinged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) from a vehicle. Territorial males along roadsides were 'marked' with recorded mileage readings rather than with landmarks of the types employed by Hewitt for censuses based on the Lincoln index principle. Sensitive odometers that can be reset have many potential uses in wildlife investigations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3798950","usgsCitation":"Harke, D., and Stickley, A., 1968, Sensitive resettable odometer aids roadside census of red-winged blackbirds: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 32, no. 3, p. 635-636, https://doi.org/10.2307/3798950.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"635","endPage":"636","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193373,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4c16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harke, D.T.","contributorId":78422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harke","given":"D.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stickley, A.R. Jr.","contributorId":14538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stickley","given":"A.R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011470,"text":"70011470 - 1968 - Mazama ash in the Northeastern Pacific","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-05T21:13:09.868919","indexId":"70011470","displayToPublicDate":"1968-07-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mazama ash in the Northeastern Pacific","docAbstract":"Volcanic glass in marine sediments off Oregon and Washington correlates with continental deposits of Mount Mazama ash by stratigraphic position, refractive index, and radiocarbon dating. Ash deposited in the abyssal regions by turbidity currents is used for tracing of the dispersal routes of postglacial sediments and for evaluation of marine sedimentary processes.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.161.3836.47","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Nelson, C., Kulm, L., Carlson, P., and Duncan, J.R., 1968, Mazama ash in the Northeastern Pacific: Science, v. 161, no. 3836, p. 47-49, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.161.3836.47.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"47","endPage":"49","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221756,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -125.44656269240008,\n 49.290109520182824\n ],\n [\n -125.44656269240008,\n 41.99299886254482\n ],\n [\n -116.75008208609876,\n 41.99299886254482\n ],\n [\n -116.75008208609876,\n 49.290109520182824\n ],\n [\n -125.44656269240008,\n 49.290109520182824\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"161","issue":"3836","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a52aee4b0c8380cd6c5d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, C.H.","contributorId":88346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kulm, L.D.","contributorId":102628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulm","given":"L.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carlson, P.R.","contributorId":97055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Duncan, J. R.","contributorId":26440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duncan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70221381,"text":"70221381 - 1968 - An evaluation of some geophysical methods for water exploration in the Piedmont Area by T. J. Joiner, J. C. Warman, and W. L. Scarbrough January‐February, 1968","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-11T18:34:46.099977","indexId":"70221381","displayToPublicDate":"1968-07-01T13:31:34","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An evaluation of some geophysical methods for water exploration in the Piedmont Area by T. J. Joiner, J. C. Warman, and W. L. Scarbrough January‐February, 1968","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"NGWA The Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1968.tb01655.x","usgsCitation":"Zohdy, A.A., 1968, An evaluation of some geophysical methods for water exploration in the Piedmont Area by T. J. Joiner, J. C. Warman, and W. L. Scarbrough January‐February, 1968: Groundwater, v. 6, no. 4, p. 38-39, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1968.tb01655.x.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"38","endPage":"39","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386444,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zohdy, Adel A. R.","contributorId":61799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zohdy","given":"Adel","email":"","middleInitial":"A. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70221432,"text":"70221432 - 1968 - The formation of columnar joints in the upper part of Kilauean lava lakes, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-15T18:08:36.772279","indexId":"70221432","displayToPublicDate":"1968-07-01T13:02:19","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The formation of columnar joints in the upper part of Kilauean lava lakes, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Cracks were observed forming at the surface of Makaopuhi lava lake during the March 1965 Kilauea eruption, and were studied by repeated mapping and observations of this lake; the 1963 Alae lava lake was similarly studied. Cracks open within a minute after molten lava is exposed at the surface, and form either random or oriented orthogonal networks which outline large plates of unjointed crust. Within a few hours, additional cracks subdivide the plates into polygons averaging 15 ft in width. The accumulation of gases trapped beneath the crust near centers of polygons, and the escape of gases from marginal parts, cause upbowing of polygon centers and downsagging of margins. As the crust cools and increases in thickness following stagnation of the lake, existing cracks extend downward and new cracks open. Some new cracks subdivide pre-existing polygons, and short cracks of shallow depth form near polygon centers. Still other cracks apparently open at depths of tens of feet within the crust, propagate upward, and finally feather out near the surface into short cracks which are concentrated in long swarms that cross several polygons. Cracks initiate at temperatures ranging from ambient to about 900°C, and propagate downward into parts of the crust near 1000°C. Cracking results from stresses induced largely by thermal contraction, but also by differential subsidence of the crust. Seismic recordings of shock vibrations due to cracking of Kilauea Iki lava lake indicate a diurnal variation in frequency, with a maximum around midnight and a minimum around noon.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1968)79[1151:TFOCJI]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Peck, D.L., and Minakami, T., 1968, The formation of columnar joints in the upper part of Kilauean lava lakes, Hawaii: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 79, no. 9, p. 1151-1166, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1968)79[1151:TFOCJI]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1151","endPage":"1166","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386504,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Hawai'i Volcano National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.9674072265625,\n 18.898491104062323\n ],\n [\n -154.60784912109375,\n 18.898491104062323\n ],\n [\n -154.60784912109375,\n 19.518375478601566\n ],\n [\n -155.9674072265625,\n 19.518375478601566\n ],\n [\n -155.9674072265625,\n 18.898491104062323\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"79","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peck, Dallas L.","contributorId":60187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peck","given":"Dallas","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Minakami, Takeshi","contributorId":260291,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Minakami","given":"Takeshi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70221431,"text":"70221431 - 1968 - A further contribution to the petrology of Haleakala volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-15T17:54:45.41248","indexId":"70221431","displayToPublicDate":"1968-07-01T12:50:53","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A further contribution to the petrology of Haleakala volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Sixteen new chemical analyses of the later rocks of Haleakala Volcano, on the island of Maui, Hawaii, add to the differentiation picture for that volcano. The early rocks of the volcano are tholeiitic. These are followed by dominant hawaiites with less abundant alkalic olivine basalts, picrite-basalts of ankaramite type, and a few mugearites. Still later rocks, separated from earlier ones by a profound erosional unconformity, include some hawaiites and ankaramites, but are dominantly alkalic olivine basalts (basanitoids) containing as much as 16.5 percent normative nepheline, some of them transitional to ankaramite. The progression toward ultramafic, strongly undersaturated rocks (nephelinites), characteristic of the post-erosional lavas of other Hawaiian volcanoes, appears to have just begun at Haleakala.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1968)79[877:AFCTTP]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Macdonald, G.A., and Powers, H., 1968, A further contribution to the petrology of Haleakala volcano, Hawaii: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 79, no. 7, p. 877-888, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1968)79[877:AFCTTP]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"877","endPage":"888","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386503,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Maui","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.73095703125,\n 20.555652403773365\n ],\n [\n -155.775146484375,\n 20.555652403773365\n ],\n [\n -155.775146484375,\n 21.058870866501536\n ],\n [\n -156.73095703125,\n 21.058870866501536\n ],\n [\n -156.73095703125,\n 20.555652403773365\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"79","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Macdonald, G. A.","contributorId":86824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macdonald","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powers, H. A.","contributorId":68363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powers","given":"H. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70237991,"text":"70237991 - 1968 - Perosis in Canada Geese (Branta canadensis)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-03T16:30:18.749125","indexId":"70237991","displayToPublicDate":"1968-07-01T12:48:10","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1140,"text":"Bulletin of the Wildlife Disease Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Perosis in Canada Geese (Branta canadensis)","title":"Perosis in Canada Geese (Branta canadensis)","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-4.3.95","usgsCitation":"Jensen, W.I., 1968, Perosis in Canada Geese (Branta canadensis): Bulletin of the Wildlife Disease Association, v. 4, no. 3, p. 95-99, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-4.3.95.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"95","endPage":"99","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480333,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-4.3.95","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":409096,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jensen, Wayne I.","contributorId":72353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jensen","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":856463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}