Ground water of acceptable quality is commonly interspersed with water of inferior quality. Water of inferior quality may be naturally occurring salty water commonly underlying fresh water, or it may be enclaves of contaminated water from wastes that lie in the fresh-water bodies. Disposal of wastes on and in the ground and pumping of water from wells cause a dispersion of contaminated water; migration of contaminated water toward wells may be spontaneously induced by the natural hydraulic gradient, or it may be induced artificially by the cone of depression about one or more wells. Economic methods of determining precisely the boundary zones between contaminated and uncontaminated water are not available. Much reliance is placed on monitoring wells.
A prerequisite to monitoring is a synthetic hydrogeologic framework or model in which the behavior of the contaminated water is conceived. Such a conceptual model, using pertinent data that are available, helps to assess the need for monitoring and to guide a monitoring program for optimum results. Unplanned, indiscriminate monitoring of water from wells is expensive, inefficient, and fallible. The need for monitoring will increase in the future; yet, the proper objective is to improve the technology of determining the distribution of contaminated water so that monitoring can be minimized and conducted with optimum results.
","language":"English","publisher":"NGWA The Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1968.tb01645.x","usgsCitation":"LeGrand, H.E., 1968, Monitoring of changes in quality of ground water: Groundwater, v. 6, no. 3, p. 14-18, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1968.tb01645.x.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"14","endPage":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386448,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LeGrand, H. E.","contributorId":54571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeGrand","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70010830,"text":"70010830 - 1968 - Unmineralized fossil bacteria: A retraction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-06T15:43:50.62026","indexId":"70010830","displayToPublicDate":"1968-04-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Unmineralized fossil bacteria: A retraction","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"AAAS","doi":"10.1126/science.160.3826.437.b","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Bradley, W.H., 1968, Unmineralized fossil bacteria: A retraction: Science, v. 160, no. 3826, p. 437-437, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.160.3826.437.b.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"437","endPage":"437","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":499650,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"160","issue":"3826","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbcd8e4b08c986b328e35","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, W. H.","contributorId":102452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5220558,"text":"5220558 - 1968 - Aerial estimation of the size of gull breeding colonies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-12T16:58:44.581904","indexId":"5220558","displayToPublicDate":"1968-04-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aerial estimation of the size of gull breeding colonies","docAbstract":"Counts on photographs and visual estimates of the numbers of territorial gulls are usually reliable indicators of the number of gull nests, but single visual estimates are not adequate to measure the number of nests in individual colonies. To properly interpret gull counts requires that several islands with known numbers of nests be photographed to establish the ratio of gulls to nests applicable for a given local census. Visual estimates are adequate to determine total breeding gull numbers by regions. Neither visual estimates nor photography will reliably detect annual changes of less than about 25 percent.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3798973","usgsCitation":"Kadlec, J., and Drury, W., 1968, Aerial estimation of the size of gull breeding colonies: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 32, no. 2, p. 287-293, https://doi.org/10.2307/3798973.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"287","endPage":"293","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197981,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -68.21819084817179,\n 44.991180096594604\n ],\n [\n -70.48665326156282,\n 43.639116739990435\n ],\n [\n -71.88742711628743,\n 41.98301102294387\n ],\n [\n -74.19566403049824,\n 40.583670242284455\n ],\n [\n -73.09240308954952,\n 40.394950172491676\n ],\n [\n -69.32259991600421,\n 41.67809588918607\n ],\n [\n -69.55100648037573,\n 43.053376402367874\n ],\n [\n -65.18460824566323,\n 45.26133250788709\n ],\n [\n -65.67618946593834,\n 45.62652634133954\n ],\n [\n -68.21819084817179,\n 44.991180096594604\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"32","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b03e4b07f02db698e77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kadlec, J.A.","contributorId":27565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kadlec","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drury, W.H.","contributorId":22870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drury","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5222439,"text":"5222439 - 1968 - Possible differentiation of natal areas of North American waterfowl by neutron activation analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-12T17:04:52.944308","indexId":"5222439","displayToPublicDate":"1968-04-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Possible differentiation of natal areas of North American waterfowl by neutron activation analysis","docAbstract":"The possibility of using neutron activation analyses to differentiate sources of North American waterfowl was investigated by irradiating rectrices and wing bones of birds collected in several localities, and comparing the characteristic gamma-ray spectra. Canada goose (Branta canadensis) rectrices from Oregon specimens could be distinguished from those taken in Wisconsin and Colorado based on higher levels of Mn. Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), black duck (A. rubripes), and blue-winged teal (A. discors) wing bones from Wisconsin, Colorado, and New Brunswick could not be clearly identified as to locality from levels of Ca, Al, Na, Mn, and Cl.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3798971","usgsCitation":"Devine, T., and Peterle, T., 1968, Possible differentiation of natal areas of North American waterfowl by neutron activation analysis: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 32, no. 2, p. 274-279, https://doi.org/10.2307/3798971.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"274","endPage":"279","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201643,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Oregon, 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\"}}]}","volume":"32","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683b83","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Devine, T.","contributorId":28710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Devine","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterle, T.J.","contributorId":10108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterle","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1014120,"text":"1014120 - 1968 - Ultrastructure of lymphocystis virus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-26T22:37:38.435876","indexId":"1014120","displayToPublicDate":"1968-04-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2497,"text":"Journal of Virology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ultrastructure of lymphocystis virus","docAbstract":"Lymphocystis virus obtained from bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus) was cultured in the permanent bluegill cell line BF-2 and examined by electron microscopy in ultra-thin sections of cell cultures and in negative-contrast preparations from cells and from centrifuged culture medium. According to negative-contrast preparations, the icosahedral virions have an overall diameter close to but not exceeding 300 mμ. Delicate filaments seem to issue from the vertices. In collapsed virions, an ordered array of morphological units was seen. Positively contrasted virions in ultrathin sections show a shell with three dark (heavy metal-stained) layers alternating with and separated by two clear layers. The acquisition of an additional outer membrane during release from the cell, as found in African swine fever virus, was never seen. Morphologically, lymphocystis virus is considered to be closely related to Tipula iridescent virus.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/jvi.2.4.393-399.1968","usgsCitation":"Zwillinberg, L., and Wolf, K., 1968, Ultrastructure of lymphocystis virus: Journal of Virology, v. 2, no. 4, p. 393-399, https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.2.4.393-399.1968.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"393","endPage":"399","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487153,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.2.4.393-399.1968","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":197475,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60f65e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zwillinberg, L.O.","contributorId":74100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zwillinberg","given":"L.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolf, K.","contributorId":16344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1001650,"text":"1001650 - 1968 - Age determination of blue-winged teal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-14T16:45:24.957448","indexId":"1001650","displayToPublicDate":"1968-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age determination of blue-winged teal","docAbstract":"Primary feather length, markings on the greater secondary coverts, and the degree of bill spotting were evaluated as characters for use in the spring to distinguish first-year, blue-winged teal (Anas discors) females from older ones. The length of the 10th primary feather did not prove suitable to separate different aged females. Extreme primary lengths might be used to determine the age of some males. In females that have been through a postnuptial molt the greater secondary coverts have a more symmetrical, and more acutely angled, white, inverted 'V'-marking. Any female with a 'V' subjectively classified as good has gone through at least one postnuptial molt, and a female with no sign of a 'V' on the coverts is a juvenile or yearling before her first postnuptial molt. By measuring the longest bill spot on the upper mandible of each known-age female, it was possible to determine the age of some female teal. Because the spots fade during the breeding season, no lower size limit could be set to delineate first-year females at that time of year, but any nest-trapped hen with a spot longer than 10 mm was considered to be older than 1 year. Upper and lower limits were also established to distinguish some yearlings and 2-year-olds in the fall.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3798970","usgsCitation":"Dane, C., 1968, Age determination of blue-winged teal: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 32, no. 2, p. 267-274, https://doi.org/10.2307/3798970.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"267","endPage":"274","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133672,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db6893a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dane, C.W.","contributorId":95003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dane","given":"C.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70227111,"text":"70227111 - 1968 - Chapter IX: Lunar theory and processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-29T19:14:42.699422","indexId":"70227111","displayToPublicDate":"1968-03-15T12:59:21","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Chapter IX: Lunar theory and processes","docAbstract":"Whereas the previous Surveyor missions were undertaken to examine mare surfaces as potential landing areas for the Apollo Program, the primary objective of the Surveyor VII mission, based on purely scientific motivations, was to explore a contrasting highland region and, specifically, to determine the chemistry of the highland material for comparison with the Surveyor V and VI chemical analyses at the mare sites. Site selection was limited to some extent by Surveyor operational constraints, but primarily by the requirements of 10-m-resolution photographs from the Lunar Orbiter Program for landing site certification. None of the nine sites studied in detail appeared capable of providing an unambiguous answer to the highland chemistry. The final selection of a site to the north of Tycho was based on the belief that the youthful character of the structure implied a minimum of contamination to the surface layers by foreign material via meteoritic processes. Moreover, the selection of a site near the rim of a major lunar crater promised insight into the “microscale” properties of a structure that represents the dominant morphologic feature on the moon.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Surveyor VII mission report: Part II: Science results","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","usgsCitation":"Gault, D.E., Adams, J.B., Collins, R.J., Kuiper, G.P., Masursky, H., O’Keefe, J.A., Phinney, R.A., and Shoemaker, E.M., 1968, Chapter IX: Lunar theory and processes, chap. of Surveyor VII mission report: Part II: Science results, p. 267-314.","productDescription":"JPL TR-32-1264, 48 p.","startPage":"267","endPage":"314","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":393603,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":393602,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19680028774/downloads/19680028774.pdf","size":"688 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"otherGeospatial":"Moon, Tycho crater","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gault, D. E.","contributorId":38580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gault","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, J. B.","contributorId":21679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Collins, R. J.","contributorId":77655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kuiper, G. P.","contributorId":9394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuiper","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Masursky, H.","contributorId":33823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masursky","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"O’Keefe, J. A.","contributorId":92420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Keefe","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Phinney, R. A.","contributorId":8609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phinney","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Shoemaker, Eugene Merle","contributorId":20342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shoemaker","given":"Eugene","email":"","middleInitial":"Merle","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70011546,"text":"70011546 - 1968 - Exsolution in clinoamphiboles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-06T15:48:11.561939","indexId":"70011546","displayToPublicDate":"1968-03-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Exsolution in clinoamphiboles","docAbstract":"Ten amphibole specimens from a variety of metamorphic rocks such as talc schists, eclogites, and metamorphosed iron formations contain lamellae of a second amphibole oriented parallel to (1̅01) or (100), or both, of the host. Tremolites, actinolites, and hornblendes commonly have lamellae of a calcium-poor clinoamphibole with P21/m space-group symmetry, or lamellae of cummingtonite with C2/m space-group symmetry. Likewise cummingtonites and P21/m clinoamphiboles commonly contain lamellae of calcium-rich C2/m amphiboles such as tremolite. Results of x-ray diffraction, electron-probe, and microscope studies indicate that most lamellae result from unmixing of a homogeneous amphibole. The P21/m clinoamphibole is analogous to the clinopyroxene pigeonite in agreement with the results of M. G. Bown.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science.","doi":"10.1126/science.159.3819.1099","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Ross, M., Papike, J.J., and Weiblen, P., 1968, Exsolution in clinoamphiboles: Science, v. 159, no. 3819, p. 1099-1102, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.159.3819.1099.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1099","endPage":"1102","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220916,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"159","issue":"3819","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e3ae4b0c8380cd53361","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ross, M.","contributorId":8026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Papike, J. J.","contributorId":18488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Papike","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weiblen, P.W.","contributorId":31884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weiblen","given":"P.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70221379,"text":"70221379 - 1968 - Depth control of some concordant intrusions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-11T18:13:02.858688","indexId":"70221379","displayToPublicDate":"1968-03-01T13:07:58","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Depth control of some concordant intrusions","docAbstract":"Analysis of geologic data from 54 localities, mainly in the western United States, shows that concordant igneous masses intruded zones in nearly flat-lying sedimentary rocks where the thickness of cover was 3000 to 7500 feet. The depth of intrusion was apparently affected by a well-defined parting surface (bedding plane or unconformity), static load of the overburden (lithostatic pressure), and presence of a fluid barrier above the intrusion. Most bodies intruded along well-defined bedding planes in sedimentary rocks and flow surfaces in extrusive igneous rocks; some intruded along unconformities. The range in overburden pressure is about 3000 to 7500 psi for intrusions at depths of 3000 to 7500 feet. Magma pressure for lateral injection at the lower limit of the depth range, therefore, must have exceeded 7500 psi to lift 7500 feet of overburden. A fluid barrier, such as a shale, overlies almost all intrusions studied and tended to retard upward advance of magma. At depths less than 3000 feet, the barrier shales may be brittle and easily ruptured by the fluid pressure, permitting steam and magma to escape to the surface. Below 3000 feet the shales may become ductile.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1968)79[315:DCOSCI]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Mudge, M., 1968, Depth control of some concordant intrusions: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 79, no. 3, p. 315-332, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1968)79[315:DCOSCI]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"315","endPage":"332","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386442,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mudge, Melville R.","contributorId":72370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mudge","given":"Melville R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70227017,"text":"70227017 - 1968 - Chapter 3: Television observations from Surveyor VI","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-27T15:26:38.276174","indexId":"70227017","displayToPublicDate":"1968-03-01T09:10:35","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Chapter 3: Television observations from Surveyor VI","docAbstract":"Surveyor VI landed on the lunar surface at 01:01:05 GMT on day 314 (November 10, 1967) in the southwestern part of Sinus Medii near the center of the visible face of the Moon. Over 30,000 pictures were transmitted from the spacecraft during the first lunar day of operation. The number of pictures taken by Surveyor VI almost equals the total number of pictures returned from the previous Surveyor missions combined. The pictures were received at the Goldstone, California, Canberra, Australia, and Madrid, Spain, tracking stations of the Deep Space Network.
The homonyn Navicula rotunda Andrews is replaced by the name N. rotundella Andrews; the homonym Epithemia irregularis Andrews is replaced by the name E. emarginata Andrews. The diatoms are from Trempealeau Valley, Wisconsin (Andrews, 1966).
","language":"English","publisher":"The Paleontological Society","usgsCitation":"Andrews, G., 1968, New names for late Pleistocene diatom species: Journal of Paleontology, v. 42, no. 1.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"244","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":374931,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/jpaleontol/article/42/1/244/80339/New-names-for-late-Pleistocene-diatom-species"},{"id":374932,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Trempealeau Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.55593872070311,\n 43.93647277854145\n ],\n [\n -90.91049194335938,\n 43.93647277854145\n ],\n [\n -90.91049194335938,\n 44.64129986075226\n ],\n [\n -91.55593872070311,\n 44.64129986075226\n ],\n [\n -91.55593872070311,\n 43.93647277854145\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andrews, George W.","contributorId":40621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"George W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70010801,"text":"70010801 - 1968 - Spreading of the ocean floor: Undeformed sediments in the Peru-Chile Trench","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-06T15:54:09.523449","indexId":"70010801","displayToPublicDate":"1968-02-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spreading of the ocean floor: Undeformed sediments in the Peru-Chile Trench","docAbstract":"None of the expected stratigraphic and structural effects of a spreading sea floor have been imposed on the sedimentary fill of the Peru-Chile Trench. During at least the last several million years, and perhaps during much of the Cenozoic, the trench has not been affected by an oceanic crust thrusting under the continent.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.159.3817.869","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Scholl, D., von Huene, R.E., and Ridlon, J., 1968, Spreading of the ocean floor: Undeformed sediments in the Peru-Chile Trench: Science, v. 159, no. 3817, p. 869-871, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.159.3817.869.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"869","endPage":"871","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218805,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Chile, Peru","otherGeospatial":"Peru-Chile Trench","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.55297427231237,\n -14.63885707436792\n ],\n [\n -76.55297427231237,\n -22.54059894698328\n ],\n [\n -69.2411368622086,\n -22.54059894698328\n ],\n [\n -69.2411368622086,\n -14.63885707436792\n ],\n [\n -76.55297427231237,\n -14.63885707436792\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"159","issue":"3817","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b960ee4b08c986b31b285","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scholl, D.W.","contributorId":106461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"von Huene, Roland E. 0000-0003-1301-3866 rvonhuene@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1301-3866","contributorId":191070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"von Huene","given":"Roland","email":"rvonhuene@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":7065,"text":"USGS emeritus","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":359678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ridlon, J.B.","contributorId":101804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ridlon","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70011545,"text":"70011545 - 1968 - Hydration rind dates rhyolite flows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-06T16:03:02.512007","indexId":"70011545","displayToPublicDate":"1968-02-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydration rind dates rhyolite flows","docAbstract":"Hydration of obsidian has been used to date rhyolite flows, containing obsidian or porphyritic glass, at Glass Mountain (Medicine Lake Highlands) and Mono Lake, California. The method is simple and rapid and can be used to date flows that erupted between 200 and approximately 200,000 years ago.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.159.3817.878","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Friedman, I., 1968, Hydration rind dates rhyolite flows: Science, v. 159, no. 3817, p. 878-880, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.159.3817.878.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"878","endPage":"880","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220915,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Glass Mountain, Mono Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.19821042260747,\n 38.07304854451809\n ],\n [\n -119.19821042260747,\n 37.89091785569592\n ],\n [\n -118.7895832174465,\n 37.89091785569592\n ],\n [\n -118.7895832174465,\n 38.07304854451809\n ],\n [\n -119.19821042260747,\n 38.07304854451809\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"159","issue":"3817","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a32cae4b0c8380cd5ea9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedman, I.","contributorId":95596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011578,"text":"70011578 - 1968 - Nutrient loss accelerated by clear-cutting of a forest ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-06T16:32:01.72506","indexId":"70011578","displayToPublicDate":"1968-02-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nutrient loss accelerated by clear-cutting of a forest ecosystem","docAbstract":"The forest of a small watershed-ecosystem was cut in order to determine the effects of removal of vegetation on nutrient cycles. Relative to undisturbed ecosystems, the cut ecosystem exhibited accelerated loss of nutrients: nitrogen lost during the first year after cutting was equivalent to the amount annually turned over in an undisturbed system, and losses of cations were 3 to 20 times greater than from comparable undisturbed systems. Possible causes of the pattern of nutrient loss from the cut ecosystem are discussed.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.159.3817.882","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Bormann, F., Likens, G., Fisher, D., and Pierce, R., 1968, Nutrient loss accelerated by clear-cutting of a forest ecosystem: Science, v. 159, no. 3817, p. 882-884, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.159.3817.882.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"882","endPage":"884","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221449,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"159","issue":"3817","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a698ae4b0c8380cd73da8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bormann, F.H.","contributorId":42840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bormann","given":"F.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Likens, G.E.","contributorId":68893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Likens","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fisher, D.W.","contributorId":77519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pierce, R.S.","contributorId":92928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70011641,"text":"70011641 - 1968 - Diatremes with kimberlitic affinities in north-central Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-06T16:38:17.169258","indexId":"70011641","displayToPublicDate":"1968-02-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diatremes with kimberlitic affinities in north-central Montana","docAbstract":"Diatremes in the Missouri River Breaks demonstrate systematic subsidence-ring structure, contain inclusions derived from far above and far below, and have been produced by gas-rich eruptions of alkalic ultramafic magmas. Similar magmas have produced diatremes in many localities in the world and are known to be closely associated with and probably parental to kimberlites.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.159.3815.622","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Hearn, B.C., 1968, Diatremes with kimberlitic affinities in north-central Montana: Science, v. 159, no. 3815, p. 622-625, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.159.3815.622.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"622","endPage":"625","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221304,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Missouri River Breaks, north-central Montana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.95918793994691,\n 48.356474610986396\n ],\n [\n -110.95918793994691,\n 47.31912734943825\n ],\n [\n -106.3242971831789,\n 47.31912734943825\n ],\n [\n -106.3242971831789,\n 48.356474610986396\n ],\n [\n -110.95918793994691,\n 48.356474610986396\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"159","issue":"3815","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00afe4b0c8380cd4f872","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hearn, B. C. Jr.","contributorId":37709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hearn","given":"B.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70209026,"text":"70209026 - 1968 - Alkali amphiboles from the blueschists of Cazadero, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-11T18:14:41","indexId":"70209026","displayToPublicDate":"1968-02-01T18:10:02","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2420,"text":"Journal of Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Alkali amphiboles from the blueschists of Cazadero, California","docAbstract":"Alkali amphiboles from Type III and Type IV metamorphic zones in blueschist facies rocks of Cazadero, California, and from comparable New Caledonian rocks have been characterized by X-ray crystallographic, optical, and chemical methods. The composition of any particular alkali amphibole is strongly controlled by the bulk composition of the host rock. Within the blueschist facies, metamorphic zones are not characterized by changes in amphibole composition. All the alkali amphiboles studied herein belong to the C2/m space group and complete miscibility between glaucophane and riebeckite has been demonstrated for the conditions prevailing during metamorphism in the Cazadero and New Caledonian blueschists. Linear relationships are found between unit-cell dimensions and variations in composition between glaucophane and riebeckite. The alkali amphiboles of glaucophane compositions belong to the high pressure-low temperature series, glaucophane II-riebeckite. Limited miscibility of actinolite in glaucophane may be characteristic of blueschist facies metamorphism.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/petrology/9.1.105","usgsCitation":"Coleman, R.G., and Papike, J.J., 1968, Alkali amphiboles from the blueschists of Cazadero, California: Journal of Petrology, v. 9, no. 1, p. 105-122, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/9.1.105.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"105","endPage":"122","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":373147,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Cazadero","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.10996055603026,\n 38.515198583370584\n ],\n [\n -123.06507110595703,\n 38.515198583370584\n ],\n [\n -123.06507110595703,\n 38.54514465104359\n ],\n [\n -123.10996055603026,\n 38.54514465104359\n ],\n [\n -123.10996055603026,\n 38.515198583370584\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coleman, R. G.","contributorId":75170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coleman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":784574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Papike, J. J.","contributorId":18488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Papike","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":784575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70221378,"text":"70221378 - 1968 - New theory of recharge to the artesian basin of the Dakotas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-11T17:40:06.499376","indexId":"70221378","displayToPublicDate":"1968-02-01T12:34:38","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New theory of recharge to the artesian basin of the Dakotas","docAbstract":"The artesian basin of the Dakotas has been studied for many years. The widely held concept has been that recharge enters the equivalents of the Dakota Sandstone, where they are exposed on the flanks of the Black Hills, and moves through this formation to the area of maximum development of the aquifer in eastern North Dakota and South Dakota. Some anomalies, difficult to explain by this concept, have remained unresolved. According to the theory here proposed, recharge enters the Lower Mississippian Pahasapa Limestone and the underlying Englewood Formation where they are exposed on the flanks of the Black Hills. The Pahasapa is in part the equivalent of the Lower and Upper Mississippian Madison Group. The limestones are very cavernous where exposed on the flanks of the Black Hills, and seemingly in the subsurface as well. Streams flowing east from the Precambrian core of the Hills lose virtually all their flow in crossing the cavernous limestones. Widespread karst topography was developed on the Madison during the erosion period which preceded deposition of the Pennsylvanian and Permian Minnelusa Formation. Water moves freely through the cavernous limestone with little head loss for more than 100 miles east of the Black Hills. Pre-Dakota erosion beveled all older rock units and removed many of the intervening beds younger than the Madison. Oil tests indicate that less than 200 feet of strata separate the Madison and Dakota in northern South Dakota east of the Missouri River; this is in marked contrast to the 1800 feet of intervening beds near Rapid City. It is believed that in a zone east of the Missouri River in northern South Dakota and adjacent North Dakota, water which has moved through the limestone more than 150 miles from the Black Hills moves upward into the basal part of the Dakota Sandstone. Much of the water developed in the area of major water use from the Dakota Sandstone has moved a relatively short distance through this formation. The chemical character and artesian pressure of water in the Dakota are influenced significantly by recharge from the Madison Group. West of the zone of recharge the water is highly mineralized and largely of a sodium chloride type. Along the zone of recharge and toward the southeast corner of South Dakota, an area of natural discharge, the water generally is of the calcium sulfate type. North of the Precambrian Sioux Quartzite and east of the calcium sulfate water is an area which has sodium sulfate water. It is inferred that this change results from natural base-exchange softening of the calcium sulfate water as it moves eastward through the Dakota Sandstone.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1968)79[163:NTORTT]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Swenson, F.A., 1968, New theory of recharge to the artesian basin of the Dakotas: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 79, no. 2, p. 163-182, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1968)79[163:NTORTT]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"163","endPage":"182","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386441,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota, South Dakota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.04052734375,\n 43.02071359427862\n ],\n [\n -96.43798828125,\n 43.02071359427862\n ],\n [\n -96.43798828125,\n 49.03786794532644\n ],\n [\n -104.04052734375,\n 49.03786794532644\n ],\n [\n -104.04052734375,\n 43.02071359427862\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"79","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swenson, F. A.","contributorId":71622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swenson","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":817457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70221373,"text":"70221373 - 1968 - Mineral equilibria in the system nepheline-alkali feldspar-plagioclase and their petrological significance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-11T16:58:17.91932","indexId":"70221373","displayToPublicDate":"1968-02-01T11:52:16","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2420,"text":"Journal of Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineral equilibria in the system nepheline-alkali feldspar-plagioclase and their petrological significance","docAbstract":"The purpose of this work is a theoretical consideration of equilibrium conditions in the system nepheline-alkali feldspar-plagioclase-alkali chloride aqueous solution based on the thermodynamic treatment of experimental data (Orville, 1963; Iiyama et al., 1963; Debron et al., 1961) for particular systems. The excess thermodynamic functions (ZE, SE, HE, VE) of solid solutions were calculated for it. These data enable us to derive the diagrams of isotherms for the distribution of sodium components between nepheline and alkali feldspar; between plagioclase and alkali feldspar; and among plagioclase, nepheline, and alkali feldspar for the temperature range 400-1000° C.In order to check the calculated diagrams we analysed the minerals from the binary and ternary assemblages of the systems nepheline$alkali feldspar$plagioclase from various igneous massifs of nepheline syenites of the world. Temperatures obtained from different geothermometers were found to coincide satisfactorily.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/petrology/9.1.123","usgsCitation":"Perchuk, L., and Ryabchikov, I., 1968, Mineral equilibria in the system nepheline-alkali feldspar-plagioclase and their petrological significance: Journal of Petrology, v. 9, no. 1, p. 123-167, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/9.1.123.","productDescription":"45 p.","startPage":"123","endPage":"167","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386436,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perchuk, L.L.","contributorId":260174,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Perchuk","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ryabchikov, I.D.","contributorId":260176,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ryabchikov","given":"I.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011579,"text":"70011579 - 1968 - Ranger VIII and gravity scaling of lunar craters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-06T16:47:20.060063","indexId":"70011579","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ranger VIII and gravity scaling of lunar craters","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.159.3812.333","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Moore, H., and Baldwin, R., 1968, Ranger VIII and gravity scaling of lunar craters: Science, v. 159, no. 3812, p. 333-334, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.159.3812.333.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"333","endPage":"334","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221450,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"159","issue":"3812","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a94a9e4b0c8380cd81540","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, H. J.","contributorId":71962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"H. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baldwin, R.B.","contributorId":92803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldwin","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70209034,"text":"70209034 - 1968 - Metamorphosed precambrian silicic volcanic rocks in central Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-11T18:57:04","indexId":"70209034","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T18:51:36","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Metamorphosed precambrian silicic volcanic rocks in central Arizona","docAbstract":"Silicic volcanic rocks — dacite, rhyolite, and quartz porphyry — constitute about 35 percent of the Yavapai Supergroup, an older Precambrian sequence in central Arizona. In addition, the series contains about 30 percent pillow and amygdaloidal basalt, 5 percent andesitic rocks, and the remainder is mixed andesitic and silicic-bedded tuffaceous rock. The Yavapai Supergroup is divided into the Ash Creek and Alder Groups, each containing about 20,000 feet of lavas and pyroclastic rocks; no evidence is available to determine the relative ages of the two groups. The pillow basalts, coarsely graded volcanic breccias, and poorly sorted and graded tuffaceous-bedded rocks suggest a marine accumulation in an eugeosyncline.
The Yavapai Supergroup is metamorphosed to the greenschist facies. The Ash Creek Group exhibits open folds but is nonfoliated except locally, whereas, the Alder Group is isoclinally folded and dominantly schistose.
Twenty-five chemical analyses of the metamorphosed, silicic volcanic rocks reveal varying ratios of sodium and potassium. By comparison with young rhyolitic obsidians, only two rhyolites approach the ratios and total alkali content found in recent obsidians. Five rhyolites contain more sodium and appreciably less potassium, whereas none of the rhyolitic rocks contain more potassium than in young obsidians. High-sodium content is reflected by much albite, and high-potassium content by abundant sericite. Iron-magnesium metasomatism locally has produced much chlorite associated with an increased quartz and decreased albite content. The source of the iron and magnesium may be underlying pillow basalts.
Many rhyolitic rocks of Phanerozoic age display variable ratios of Na2O and K2O caused by hydration of obsidian, hot spring action, and hydrothermal solutions. The redistribution of the alkalis in the Yavapai Supergroup may be caused in part by factors other than regional metamorphism. It is suggested the H2O + content, averaging between 5 and 6 percent by volume in these metamorphosed silicic rocks, may be derived in part from interstitial marine water.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Studies in Volcanology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/MEM116-p9","usgsCitation":"Anderson, C., 1968, Metamorphosed precambrian silicic volcanic rocks in central Arizona, chap. of Studies in Volcanology, v. 116, p. 9-44, https://doi.org/10.1130/MEM116-p9.","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"9","endPage":"44","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":373155,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.5164794921875,\n 34.22088697429016\n ],\n [\n -111.87652587890625,\n 34.22088697429016\n ],\n [\n -111.87652587890625,\n 34.831841149828655\n ],\n [\n -112.5164794921875,\n 34.831841149828655\n ],\n [\n -112.5164794921875,\n 34.22088697429016\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"116","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1968-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, C.A.","contributorId":105277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":784595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70209029,"text":"70209029 - 1968 - Geology, paleomagnetism, and potassium-argon ages of basalts from Nunivak Island, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-05T21:01:27.25806","indexId":"70209029","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T18:35:51","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Geology, paleomagnetism, and potassium-argon ages of basalts from Nunivak Island, Alaska","docAbstract":"Geologic mapping, paleomagnetic stratigraphy, and potassium-argon dating were used to determine the time and volume relations of tholeiitic and alkalic basalt on Nunivak Island in the Bering Sea near the coast of Alaska. Volcanism on Nunivak Island occurred in distinct episodes separated by quiet intervals that lasted from 1.6 to 0.6 m.y. During the past 6 m.y., tholeiitic basalt was erupted during at least five such episodes, and highly undersaturated alkalic basalt was erupted during at least three episodes. The oldest volcanic rock found on Nunivak Island is an alkalic basalt, succeeded by repeated alternations of tholeiitic and alkalic basalt. During the last episode of tholeiitic volcanism, 130 cu km of basalt erupted during a well-defined interval that lasted from 0.9 to 0.3 m.y. ago. A nearly contemporaneous eruption of alkalic basalt has continued vigorously to historic times and has covered the central part of the island with small cones, flows, and tephra from explosion craters. The volume of alkalic basalt of the latest episode of volcanic activity is from 0.7 to 2.0 percent of the volume of the associated tholeiite. At least one earlier eruption of alkalic basalt occurred in close association with the eruption of tholeiite. As on Hawaii, the highly undersaturated alkalic basalts on Nunivak contain abundant ultramafic inclusions.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Studies in Volcanology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/MEM116-p377","usgsCitation":"Hoare, J., Condon, W., Cox, A., and Dalrymple, G.B., 1968, Geology, paleomagnetism, and potassium-argon ages of basalts from Nunivak Island, Alaska, chap. of Studies in Volcanology, v. 116, p. 377-413, https://doi.org/10.1130/MEM116-p377.","productDescription":"38 p.","startPage":"377","endPage":"413","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":373150,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Nunivak Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -167.49755859375,\n 60.22071908232925\n ],\n [\n -167.3382568359375,\n 59.98250201795759\n ],\n [\n -166.343994140625,\n 59.77022610242765\n ],\n [\n -166.08581542968747,\n 59.72040749601443\n ],\n [\n -165.9869384765625,\n 59.825493056630116\n ],\n [\n -165.4595947265625,\n 59.86964070806754\n ],\n [\n -165.6298828125,\n 60.05935761134086\n ],\n [\n -165.6134033203125,\n 60.2888540595603\n ],\n [\n -165.849609375,\n 60.378575303227215\n ],\n [\n -165.95947265624997,\n 60.36228069247893\n ],\n [\n -166.1572265625,\n 60.46263441109029\n ],\n [\n -166.3824462890625,\n 60.39757538658664\n ],\n [\n -166.5802001953125,\n 60.40571488624096\n ],\n [\n -166.9317626953125,\n 60.297020731204576\n ],\n [\n -166.8603515625,\n 60.23981116999893\n ],\n [\n -167.3492431640625,\n 60.275238405838536\n ],\n [\n -167.49755859375,\n 60.22071908232925\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"116","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1968-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoare, J. M.","contributorId":52143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoare","given":"J. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":784578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Condon, William H.","contributorId":48226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Condon","given":"William H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":784579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cox, Allan","contributorId":89949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"Allan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":784580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dalrymple, G. Brent","contributorId":54564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dalrymple","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Brent","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":784581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70209028,"text":"70209028 - 1968 - Flow Structure and Composition of the Southern Coulee, Mono Craters, California—A Pumiceous Rhyolite Flow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-11T18:31:29","indexId":"70209028","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T18:24:50","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Flow Structure and Composition of the Southern Coulee, Mono Craters, California—A Pumiceous Rhyolite Flow","docAbstract":"The Southern Coulee is the southernmost and largest of the four Recent pumiceous rhyolitic coulees, or stubby flows, of the Mono Craters, eastern California. It is one of the youngest volcanic deposits of the Mono Craters and is largely bare and uneroded. The coulee is 3.6 km long and averages 1.2 km in width and 75 m in thickness. It was protruded from a north-trending fissure beneath the crest of the Mono Craters ridge. About two-thirds of the lava flowed west and one-third flowed east.
The coulee has three main parts: the dome, located over the orifice, where flow was about vertical; the flow, where movement was lateral; and the talus slope, which surrounds the coulee and formed from the advancing steep-flow front. In addition, three small areas of air-fall pumice ash occur on the coulee and appear to be remnants of an ash eruption that took place during an early phase of the coulee eruption.
Three distinctive lithologic units based on rock density related to the degree of vesicularity have been mapped: a unit of lowest density (average ρ = 0.65); a unit of intermediate density (average ρ = 1.20); and a unit of highest density (average ρ = 1.75). The contacts between the units are abrupt despite the fact that core drilling has shown the coulee to be a jumbled mass of blocks down to a depth of at least 45 m. The two less dense units, which consist of highly inflated thick-bedded pumice, form two connecting boat-shaped bodies along the entire south margin of the coulee. These units are probably not over 25 m thick and are underlain by the unit of highest density, which appears to form the rest of coulee. The dense unit consists of thin- to medium-bedded dense pumice and lesser amounts of obsidian. The above distribution of the lithologic units in the coulee was probably caused by the eruption of rocks characteristic of all the units from, the southern part of the north-trending fissure, while only rocks of the unit of highest density erupted from the northern part. The protrusion of the coulee involved several subordinate and, in places, interfering streams that had slightly different courses and levels. This complex flow resulted in a modification or disruption of the original spatial relations of the lithologic units, as they erupted from the orifice.
The petrographic and chemical data indicate a uniform composition for the lava that belies its heterogeneous aspect. The lava is composed almost entirely of clear glass (average nD = 1.488 ± 0.001), and contains only trace amounts of microlites and cristobalite-sanidine spherulites. Eight chemical anlyses show a silica range from 74.7 to 76.2 percent and indicate a rhyolite composition of the sodipotassic subrang. This composition is characteristic of glassy-fluidal rhyolites.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Studies in Volcanology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/MEM116-p415","usgsCitation":"Loney, R.A., 1968, Flow Structure and Composition of the Southern Coulee, Mono Craters, California—A Pumiceous Rhyolite Flow, chap. of Studies in Volcanology, v. 116, p. 415-440, https://doi.org/10.1130/MEM116-p415.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"415","endPage":"440","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":373149,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mono Craters, Southern Coulee","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.2071533203125,\n 37.63815995799935\n ],\n [\n -118.79104614257811,\n 37.63815995799935\n ],\n [\n -118.79104614257811,\n 37.899239630600185\n ],\n [\n -119.2071533203125,\n 37.899239630600185\n ],\n [\n -119.2071533203125,\n 37.63815995799935\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"116","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1968-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loney, R. A.","contributorId":90757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loney","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":784577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70210550,"text":"70210550 - 1968 - Land subsidence from 1934 to 1967, Santa Clara, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-24T22:22:48.942636","indexId":"70210550","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T17:21:46","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Land subsidence from 1934 to 1967, Santa Clara, California","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70210550","usgsCitation":"1968, Land subsidence from 1934 to 1967, Santa Clara, California, 1 Plate: 19.78 x 19.40 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/70210550.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 19.78 x 19.40 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":466296,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210550/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":466295,"rank":1,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70210550/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Santa Clara","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.25,\n 37.5\n ],\n [\n -122.25,\n 37.25\n ],\n [\n -121.75,\n 37.25\n ],\n [\n -121.75,\n 37.5\n ],\n [\n -122.25,\n 37.5\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"Poland, J. F.","contributorId":64223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":925012,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ireland, R. L.","contributorId":89893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ireland","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":925013,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70006258,"text":"ofr68b - 1968 - Flood of June 7, 1967, in the Wapsinonoc Creek Basin, Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-22T11:08:49","indexId":"ofr68b","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T16:39:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"68","chapter":"B","title":"Flood of June 7, 1967, in the Wapsinonoc Creek Basin, Iowa","docAbstract":"An outstanding flood occurred in the Wapsinonoc Creek basin in east-central Iowa on June 7, 1967. The flood was the result of rainfall totaling from 4 to 13 inches in about 14 hours on the night of June 6 and the morning of June 7. The storm was nearly centered over the 180·square mile basin. The resulting peak discharges ranged from about 1.9 to about 4.3 times the 50-year recurrence interval flood. A peak discharge of 27,400 cubic feet per second was measured from 161 square miles of the basin. This and other peak discharges for drainage areas larger than 40 square miles were among the greatest recorded in the last 50 years in eastern Iowa. Flood damage was light because the basin is used primarily for agriculture and the crops were in their early growth stage. 'There was no loss of human life attributed to the flood.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division","publisherLocation":"Iowa City, Iowa","doi":"10.3133/ofr68b","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Iowa State Highway Commission","usgsCitation":"Schwob, H.H., 1968, Flood of June 7, 1967, in the Wapsinonoc Creek Basin, Iowa: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 68, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr68b.","productDescription":"21 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":264349,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1968/b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":264348,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1968/b/report.pdf","size":"2553","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","city":"West Liberty","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.26754760742186,\n 41.73289216878352\n ],\n [\n -91.22016906738281,\n 41.70777900286713\n ],\n [\n -91.19682312011719,\n 41.6872711837914\n ],\n [\n -91.16661071777342,\n 41.66214019382183\n ],\n [\n -91.14463806152344,\n 41.64880139835668\n ],\n [\n -91.15287780761719,\n 41.62827478065122\n ],\n [\n -91.16798400878906,\n 41.6154423246811\n ],\n [\n -91.15013122558594,\n 41.599013054830216\n ],\n [\n -91.1267852783203,\n 41.58925619641459\n ],\n [\n -91.10000610351562,\n 41.581038750695754\n ],\n [\n -91.11579895019531,\n 41.56819689811343\n ],\n [\n -91.11236572265625,\n 41.54918627087084\n ],\n [\n -91.1432647705078,\n 41.54404730359805\n ],\n [\n -91.16043090820312,\n 41.53068407713936\n ],\n [\n -91.16867065429688,\n 41.51577568269484\n ],\n [\n -91.18583679199219,\n 41.50240661583931\n ],\n [\n -91.18583679199219,\n 41.48234783935022\n ],\n [\n -91.20643615722656,\n 41.478232450820364\n ],\n [\n -91.22016906738281,\n 41.46125371076149\n ],\n [\n -91.26274108886719,\n 41.45765158819396\n ],\n [\n -91.30050659179688,\n 41.4597099684453\n ],\n [\n -91.34307861328125,\n 41.46742831254425\n ],\n [\n -91.37809753417969,\n 41.47411680095253\n ],\n [\n -91.42753601074219,\n 41.485434209241745\n ],\n [\n -91.43508911132812,\n 41.49366381024536\n ],\n [\n -91.44058227539062,\n 41.5173180896782\n ],\n [\n -91.44401550292969,\n 41.54301946112854\n ],\n [\n -91.4337158203125,\n 41.56357320617609\n ],\n [\n -91.46049499511719,\n 41.59541859437006\n ],\n [\n -91.46324157714844,\n 41.625195224114876\n ],\n [\n -91.43646240234375,\n 41.64520971221468\n ],\n [\n -91.42959594726562,\n 41.66983439613616\n ],\n [\n -91.43852233886719,\n 41.6980386041929\n ],\n [\n -91.4666748046875,\n 41.71085461169185\n ],\n [\n -91.45637512207031,\n 41.72879273042403\n ],\n [\n -91.42753601074219,\n 41.741090260654076\n ],\n [\n -91.39045715332031,\n 41.75031186312044\n ],\n [\n -91.351318359375,\n 41.764141783336456\n ],\n [\n -91.29570007324219,\n 41.75184866809371\n ],\n [\n -91.26754760742186,\n 41.73289216878352\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1132e4b0c8380cd53f08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwob, Harlan H.","contributorId":23974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwob","given":"Harlan","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70270179,"text":"70270179 - 1968 - Floods in Maline Creek Basin, St. Louis County, Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-13T20:08:06.968773","indexId":"70270179","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T15:52:28","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":375,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Floods in Maline Creek Basin, St. Louis County, Missouri","docAbstract":"The rapid growth of suburban St. Louis presents problems in the economic development of flood plains within the area. The U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Metropolitan St. Louis Sewer District has a project to study the hydrology of five major drainage basins within the area of responsibility of the Sewer District.
This report presents hydrologic data on two flood events that can be used in evaluating the extent and depth of flooding with respect to a given stage in the Maline Creek basin. The report will aid decision making in the utilization of flood plains by providing data necessary to solve existing flood problems, and for regulating usage of flood plains to minimize the creation of new flood problems. Data are presented which will be useful in flood-plain zoning and building regulations, locating disposal facilities, locating recreational areas, designing storm and sanitary sewers, and for future bridge and culvert design.
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