The North American continental margin beneath the Bering Sea is nearly 1,300 km long and extends from Alaska to eastern Siberia. The margin is a canyon-scarred 3,200–3,400-m high escarpment separating one of the world's largest epicontinental seas (the shallow Bering Sea) and the Aleutian Basin (the deep-water Bering Sea), a marginal oceanic basin distinguished by having its southern boundary formed by the Aleutian Ridge.
Three geomorphic provinces can be recognized: a southeastern province characterized by a gentle continental slope (lacking V-shaped canyons) and an outlying continental borderland (formed by Umnak Plateau); a central province distinguished by a steep canyon-scarred slope, and a northwestern province having a gentler and, apparently, less eroded continental slope.
Continuous seismic reflection profiles show that the margin is constructed of three major structural-stratigraphic units: (1) an acoustic basement underlying the outer shelf and upper slope; (2) an overlying main layered sequence; and (3) a stratified rise unit underlying and forming the continental rise at the base of the slope.
The existing margin evolved with downbowing and faulting of the acoustic basement, an older margin probably of Late Mesozoic age, consisting in part of well-indurated siltstone and mudstone, in Early Tertiary time. Concomitant with subsidence as much as 1,500 m of main-layered-sequence strata were draped over the basement. Intense canyon cutting, presumed to have been caused by the rapid deposition of unstable masses of riverborn sediment over the outer shelf and upper slope, is thought to have begun in Late Tertiary and Quaternary time. Concurrent with canyon cutting, submarine fans, consisting of turbidites forming the rise unit, accrued at the base of the continental slope.
Subsidence of the continental margin during the Tertiary may be related to foundering (“oceanization”) of a continental block to form the Aleutian Basin, or to simple isostatic depression of a former segment of the North Pacific oceanic floor in response to sediment infilling north of the Aleutian Ridge.
A neutron activation procedure suitable for the routine determination of tantalum and hafnium in silicates is described. The irradiated sample is fused with sodium peroxide and leached, and the insoluble hydroxides are dissolved in dilute hydrofluoric acid-hydrochloric acid. After LaF3 and AgCl scavenges, tantalum and hafnium are separated by anion exchange. Tantalum is obtained radiochemically pure; 233Pa and 95Zr contaminants in the hafnium fraction are resolved by γ-ray spectrometry. The chemical yield of the procedure is detemined after counting by re-irradiation. Values for the 8 U.S. Geological Survey standard rocks are reported.
Sodium-aluminum silicate gels are found in surficial deposits as thick as 5 centimeters in the Magadi area of Kenya. Chemical data indicate they are formed by the interaction of hot alkaline springwaters (67° to 82°C; pH, about 9) with alkali trachyte flows and their detritus, rather than by direct precipitation. In the process, Na2O is added from and silica is released to the saline waters of the springs. Algal mats protect the gels from erosion and act as thermal insulators. The gels are probably yearly accumulates that are washed into the lakes during floods. Crystallization of these gels in the laboratory yields analcite; this fact suggests that some analcite beds in lacustrine deposits may have formed from gels. Textural evidence indicates that cherts of rocks of the Pleistocene chert series in the Magadi area may have formed from soft sodium silicate gels. Similar gels may have acted as substrates for the accumulation and preservation of prebiological organic matter during the Precambrian.
The electron probe X-ray microanalyzer has been used to determine the compositional variability of the groundmass minerals and glass in 10 specimens from a complete 225-foot section of the prehistoric tholeiitic lava lake of Makaopuhi Crater, Hawaii. The order of beginning of crystallization was: (1) chromite, (2) olivine, (3) augite, (4) plagioclase, (5) pigeonite, (6) iron-titanium oxides and orthopyroxene, (7) alkali feldspar and apatite, and (8) glass.
Although the lake is chemically tholeiitic throughout, the occurrence of ferromagnesian minerals is as though there were a gradation from alkali olivine basalt in the upper chill downwards to olivine tholeiite. Groundmass olivine decreases downwards and disappears at about 20 feet. Pigeonite is absent in the uppermost 5±2 feet, then increases in amount down to 20 feet, below which augite and pigeonite coexist in constant 2∶1 proportions. Strong zoning and metastable compositions characterize the pyroxenes of the chilled zones, but these features gradually disappear towards the interior of the lake to give way to equilibrium pyroxenes. Relatively homogeneous poikilitic orthopyroxene (≈ Ca4Mg70Fe26) occurs in the olivine cumulate zone, having formed partly at the expense of pre-existing olivine, augite, and pigeonite (≈ Ca8Mg66Fe26). The growth of orthopyroxene is believed to have been facilitated by the slower cooling rate and higher volatile pressure at depth, and by the rise in Mg/Fe ratio of the liquid due to the partial dissolution of settled olivine.
Unlike olivine and pyroxene, feldspar is least zoned in the upper and lower chilled regions. The greatest range of compositional zoning in feldspar occurs at 160 to 190 feet, where it extends continuously from Or1.0Ab22An77 to Or64Ab33An3. The feldspar fractionation trend in the An-Ab-Or triangle gradually shifts with depth toward more “equilibrium” trends, even though the zoning becomes more extreme. The variation with depth in the initial (core) composition of the plagioclase suggests the influence of either slow nucleation and growth (undercooling) or slow diffusion in the liquid, relative to the rate of cooling.
Idiomorphic opaque inclusions in olivine phenocrysts are chrome-spinels showing continuous variation from 60 percent chromite to 85 percent ulvospinel and to magnetite-rich spinel. A pre-eruption trend of increasing Al with decreasing Cr can be recognized in chromites from the upper chill. Most of the inclusions show a trend of falling Cr and Al, toward an ulvospinelmagnetite solid solution which is progressively poorer in Usp with depth. This trend was produced by solid state alteration of the chromite inclusions during cooling in the lava lake. Ilmenite (average Ilm91Hm9) coexists with variably oxidized titaniferous magnetite in the basalt groundmass. Estimated oxygen fugacities agree well with other independent determinations in tholeiitic basalt. No sulfide phase has been detected.
Fractional crystallization produced a groundmass glass of granitic composition. Average, in percent, is: SiO2, 75.5; Al2O3, 12.5; K2O, 5.7; Na2O, 3.1; CaO, 0.3; MgO, 0.05; total FeO, 1.2; and TiO2, 0.8. Normative Or> Ab. Minor changes in glass composition with depth are consistent with a greater approach towards the granite minimum. Incipient devitrification precluded reliable analysis of glass from the lower half of the section. The SiO2-phase associated with devitrification contains alkalis and Al and is believed to be cristobalite. Needle-like apatite crystals in the groundmass glass are Siand Fe-bearing fluorapatites containing appreciable rare earths (predominantly Ce) and variable Cl.
The grain-size and maximum An content of the cores of plagioclase grains were controlled by cooling rate and are at a maximum at the center of the section. The most homogeneous pyroxene (and olivine, MOORE and EVANS, 1967), most equilibrium pyroxene trends, most abundant alkali feldspar, and most equilibrium feldspar trends are found at 160 to 190 feet, which is appreciably below that part of the lake which was slowest to crystallize. Volatile pressure, increasing with depth, possibly controlled the degree of attainment of equilibrium more than cooling rate.
Since they are dependent on cooling history, some of the modal criteria commonly used for recognizing basalt types, such as the absence of Ca-poor pyroxene, presence of groundmass olivine, and the presence of alkali feldspar, should be applied with caution. Petrographic comparison of basalts from one flow, volcano, or province, with another, should recognize the possible variations due to cooling history alone.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00373204","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Evans, B., and Moore, J., 1968, Mineralogy as a function of depth in the prehistoric Makaopuhi tholeiitic lava lake, Hawaii: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 17, no. 2, p. 85-115, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00373204.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"115","numberOfPages":"31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221175,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5acce4b0c8380cd6f134","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evans, B.W.","contributorId":86896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"B.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, J.G.","contributorId":67496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1014189,"text":"1014189 - 1968 - Infectious pancreatic necrosis: Selection of virus-free stock from a population of carrier trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-04T17:00:04.647505","indexId":"1014189","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2543,"text":"Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Infectious pancreatic necrosis: Selection of virus-free stock from a population of carrier trout","docAbstract":"Infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is a virulent disease of young trouts and is easily transmitted from infected animals through water and with eggs. At present, the most effective control measure consists of propagation of specific pathogen-free stock. Methods are described for using fish cell cultures to detect IPN virus in peritoneal washes, feces, and gonadal fluids and thereby to identifiy carrier and non-carrier fish. The procedures were used to derive virus-free progeny from a hatchery trout population containing about one-third carrier fish. The progeny were reared to maturity, spawned for 3 successive years, and at each spawning they proved free of virus. Recommendations and precautions are given for those who may wish to apply the procedures.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/f68-030","usgsCitation":"Wolf, K., Quimby, M.C., Carlson, C.P., and Bullock, G.L., 1968, Infectious pancreatic necrosis: Selection of virus-free stock from a population of carrier trout: Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, v. 25, no. 2, p. 383-391, https://doi.org/10.1139/f68-030.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"383","endPage":"391","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197309,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f1e4b07f02db5ee939","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolf, K.","contributorId":16344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Quimby, M. C.","contributorId":14334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quimby","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carlson, C. P.","contributorId":7229,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carlson","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bullock, G. L.","contributorId":69498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullock","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70009856,"text":"70009856 - 1968 - Lead isotopes and the origin of granulite and eclogite inclusions in deep-seated pipes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-29T17:16:20.083757","indexId":"70009856","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lead isotopes and the origin of granulite and eclogite inclusions in deep-seated pipes","docAbstract":"The isotopic composition of lead and the concentrations of lead, uranium, and thorium in Delegate basic pipes from Australia and in South African kimberlite pipes have been determined. The observed238U/204Pb and observed232Th/238U of eclogite inclusions in the pipes range from 2.9 to 18.7 and from 3.5 to 5.9, respectively. This result as well as the isotopic composition of lead suggests that the upper mantle is chemically heterogeneous with regard to the trace elements.
Pyrochemically extracted leads from eclogite inclusions in the Delegate basic pipes and in a South African kimberlite pipe appear to be different in isotopic compositions from leads extracted from the host rock (matrix). These data are consistent with the hypothesis that the eclogitic inclusions in deep-seated pipes are of “accidental” origin and represent upper mantle materials caught up in the host materials during their intrusion.
Lead extracted from a two-pyroxene granulite inclusion in one of the Delegate pipes has an isotopic composition indistinguishable from lead in the host rock. This observation is consistent either with a “cognate” origin for the granulite inclusion or with a modified “accidental” origin in which the isotopic composition of the original lead in the inclusion has been contaminated by lead from the host magma. Other evidence would indicate that an “accidental” origin be preferred.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0012-821X(68)90062-9","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Lovering, J., and Tatsumoto, M., 1968, Lead isotopes and the origin of granulite and eclogite inclusions in deep-seated pipes: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 4, no. 5, p. 350-356, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(68)90062-9.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"350","endPage":"356","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218975,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a45c3e4b0c8380cd674b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lovering, J.F.","contributorId":19282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovering","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tatsumoto, M.","contributorId":76798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tatsumoto","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70009854,"text":"70009854 - 1968 - Distribution of manganese between coexisting biotite and hornblende in plutonic rocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-29T17:18:50.017963","indexId":"70009854","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of manganese between coexisting biotite and hornblende in plutonic rocks","docAbstract":"The distribution of manganese between coexisting biotite and hornblende for 80 mineral pairs from igneous rocks of diverse provenance (including Southern California, Sierra Nevada, Boulder, and Boulder Creek batholiths and the Jemez Mountains volcanics) has been determined by neutron activation analysis. Data on the distribution ratio (
For sample pairs from the Southern California and Sierra Nevada batholiths there is a positive correlation of Kd with TiO2 content of biotite. Though the evidence is not compelling, Kd may also correlate with the rate of cooling and/or the presence or absence of sphene in the rock.
A comparative study on the thermal history of the Moon, Mars, and Venus was made by numerical solutions of the heat equation including and excluding selective fusion of silicates. Selective fusion was approximated by melting in a multicomponent system and redistribution of radioactive elements. Effects on selective fusion on the thermal models are (1) lowering (by several hundred degrees centigrade) and stabilizing the internal temperature distribution, and (2) increasing the surface heat-flow.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0012-821X(68)90088-5","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Lee, W., 1968, Effects of selective fusion on the thermal history of the Moon, Mars, and Venus: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 4, no. 4, p. 277-283, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(68)90088-5.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"277","endPage":"283","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219575,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a07c8e4b0c8380cd5181e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, W.H.K.","contributorId":35303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"W.H.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70009855,"text":"70009855 - 1968 - An investigation of the source of air Ar contamination in K-Ar dating","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-29T17:17:19.343763","indexId":"70009855","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An investigation of the source of air Ar contamination in K-Ar dating","docAbstract":"Precision of young K![\"single](\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\")
Ar ages is limited by air argon contamination. A series of experiments in which the exposure of basalt and sanidine samples to air argon was controlled, shows that most of the air contamination does not arise in the laboratory. Because of this, it seems unlikely that air argon contamination can be significantly reduced by special sample handling and preparation techniques.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr6867","usgsCitation":"Croft, M.G., and Gordon, G.V., 1968, Geology, hydrology, and quality of water in the Hanford-Visalia area, San Joaquin Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 68-67, Report: v, 63 p.; 15 Plates: 43.83 x 23.15 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr6867.","productDescription":"Report: v, 63 p.; 15 Plates: 43.83 x 23.15 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":413936,"rank":18,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_52120.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":87299,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1968/0067/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":87298,"rank":17,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1968/0067/plate-15.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":87297,"rank":16,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1968/0067/plate-14.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":87296,"rank":15,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1968/0067/plate-13.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":87295,"rank":14,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1968/0067/plate-12.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":87294,"rank":13,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1968/0067/plate-11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":87293,"rank":12,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1968/0067/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":87292,"rank":11,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1968/0067/plate-09.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":87291,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1968/0067/plate-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":87290,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1968/0067/plate-07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":87289,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1968/0067/plate-06.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":87288,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1968/0067/plate-05.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":87287,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1968/0067/plate-04.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":87286,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1968/0067/plate-03.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":87285,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1968/0067/plate-02.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":87284,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1968/0067/plate-01.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":175000,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1968/0067/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Hanford-Visalia area, San Joaquin Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -118.8167,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -118.8167,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 36.5\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8ddb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Croft, Mark G.","contributorId":24426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Croft","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gordon, G. V.","contributorId":30254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gordon","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1000363,"text":"1000363 - 1968 - Comparative embryology of five species of lampreys of the upper Great Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-06T22:33:08.516264","indexId":"1000363","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1337,"text":"Copeia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparative embryology of five species of lampreys of the upper Great Lakes","docAbstract":"The four species of lampreys native to the upper Great Lakes (American brook lamprey, Lampetra lamotteni; chestnut lamprey, Ichthyomyzon castaneus; northern brook lamprey, I. fossor; and silver lamprey, I. unicuspis) were collected in various stages of their life cycle and maintained in the laboratory until sexually mature. Secondary sex characters of the four native species are compared. Several batches of eggs of each species were reared at 18.4A?C and their development was compared to that of the exotic sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus. The temperature of 18.4A?C was previously determined to be optimum for development of the sea lamprey. The high percentage survival of many batches of eggs of native species to prolarvae indicated that 18.4A?C was near the optimum for them. Survival to the burrowing stage varied considerably among different batches of eggs from the same species; some batches failed to produce prolarvae. The staging characteristics used for the sea lamprey were applicable to the native species, except for the end point of the burrowing stage. Embryos of the native species in each stage of development appeared according to the time sequence established for the sea lamprey.","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists (ASIH)","doi":"10.2307/1442013","usgsCitation":"Smith, A.J., Howell, J.H., and Piavis, G.W., 1968, Comparative embryology of five species of lampreys of the upper Great Lakes: Copeia, v. 1968, no. 3, p. 461-469, https://doi.org/10.2307/1442013.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"461","endPage":"469","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132920,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1968","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae506","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Allen J.","contributorId":69937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Allen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Howell, John H.","contributorId":39720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howell","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Piavis, George W.","contributorId":63755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piavis","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1000349,"text":"1000349 - 1968 - Movements of adult lake trout in Lake Superior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-18T13:49:34","indexId":"1000349","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Movements of adult lake trout in Lake Superior","docAbstract":"Returns from mature lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) tagged in western Lake Superior in 1959 and 1962-65 described here suggest that trout disperse widely from the spawning grounds after spawning and return in subsequent years. Although the data were not extensive, returns from lake trout tagged near Keweenaw Point in 1950 and off Marquette, Michigan, in 1952 suggested similar movement. Loftus stated that river-spawning lake trout of eastern Lake Superior returned annually to the same spawning streams. Movements of lake trout must be understood to manage and evaluate the rehabilitation of lake trout stocks in Lake Superior, especially when the trout move across interstate and international boundaries and are subject to different fishing regulations and fishing pressures.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1968)97[481:MOALTI]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Rahrer, J.F., 1968, Movements of adult lake trout in Lake Superior: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 97, no. 4, p. 481-484, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1968)97[481:MOALTI]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"481","endPage":"484","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128662,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b482d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rahrer, Jerold F.","contributorId":76679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rahrer","given":"Jerold","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":81360,"text":"81360 - 1968 - Effects of lamprey larvicides on invertebrates in streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:00","indexId":"81360","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":84,"text":"Special Scientific Report - Fisheries","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"572","title":"Effects of lamprey larvicides on invertebrates in streams","docAbstract":"This study was conducted on five streams tributary to Lake Superior and four tributary to Lake Michigan. Samples of the bottom fauna before and after chemical treatment revealed that most groups of aquatic organisms were not adversely affected by exposure to larvicides. The total number of invertebrates was smaller 1 week after treatment than before treatment, increased somewhat by 6 weeks after treatment, and had returned to pretreatment levels 1 year after treatment. Aquatic insects were affected less than other organisms, and invertebrates were more severely affected and recovered more slowly in areas of sand and detritus than in riffle areas.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","collaboration":"Out-of-print","usgsCitation":"Torblaa, R.L., 1968, Effects of lamprey larvicides on invertebrates in streams: Special Scientific Report - Fisheries 572, 13 p.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"13","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199068,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":101756,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027/coo.31924071938520?urlappend=%3Bseq=305"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611daf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Torblaa, Richard L.","contributorId":76432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torblaa","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2001434,"text":"2001434 - 1968 - Lymphocystis disease of fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:57","indexId":"2001434","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":22,"text":"Fish Disease Leaflet","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"13","title":"Lymphocystis disease of fish","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","collaboration":"688/FH","usgsCitation":"Wolf, K., 1968, Lymphocystis disease of fish: Fish Disease Leaflet 13, 4 p.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"4","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199206,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db648aa0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolf, K.","contributorId":16344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011488,"text":"70011488 - 1968 - Isotope studies of dolomite formation under sedimentary conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-29T16:58:41.406632","indexId":"70011488","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotope studies of dolomite formation under sedimentary conditions","docAbstract":"Measurements of stable isotope abundances of the carbonate portion of the sediment in Deep Springs Lake, California, indicate the presence of at least three phases: a magnesian calcite, a primary sedimentary dolomite, and a detrital dolomite. The former two have isotopic compositions consistent with precipitation at isotopic equilibrium from waters of the lake area. The measured isotopic fractionation factor between sedimentary dolomite and its interstitial water is 1.0351, which is outside the range possible for calcite-water. This indicates that the dolomite has formed by direct crystallization from solution and not from a caloite precursor without further isotope exchange.
Isotopic and X-ray evidence does not support the contention of Petersonet al. (1966) that Deep Springs Lake dolomite crystals grow by means of a calcite-like surface layer.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(68)90076-8","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Clayton, R., and Jones, B., 1968, Isotope studies of dolomite formation under sedimentary conditions: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 32, no. 4, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(68)90076-8.","productDescription":"20 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220910,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3f8ce4b0c8380cd645ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clayton, R.N.","contributorId":36291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clayton","given":"R.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, B.F.","contributorId":52156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70009843,"text":"70009843 - 1968 - Pre-gilbertian conceptions of terrestrial magnetism","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-29T17:19:54.822523","indexId":"70009843","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pre-gilbertian conceptions of terrestrial magnetism","docAbstract":"It is now well known that William Gilbert, in his De Magnete of 1600, first suggested that the earth behaves as a great magnet. By their very nature, however, such explicit statements tend, in retrospect, to be emphasised at the expense of less explicit antecedent ideas and experiments, with the result that, in the example under consideration here, the impression has sometimes been given that before Gilbert there was not the slightest suspicion that the earth exerts influence on the magnetic needle. In fact, Gilbert's conclusion represented the culmination of many centuries of thought and experimentation on the subject.
This essay traces the main steps in the evolutionary process from the idea that magnetic ‘virtue’ derived from the heave, through the gradual realisation that magnetism is closely associated with the earth, up to the time of Gilbert's definite statement.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(68)90075-9","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Smith, P., 1968, Pre-gilbertian conceptions of terrestrial magnetism: Tectonophysics, v. 6, no. 6, p. 499-510, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(68)90075-9.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"499","endPage":"510","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218764,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a80dde4b0c8380cd7b24d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, P.J.","contributorId":6579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70009807,"text":"70009807 - 1968 - Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the phosphorus(v) pesticides: A rapid determination of the isomer ratio of systox","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-29T17:21:17.463795","indexId":"70009807","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":760,"text":"Analytica Chimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the phosphorus(v) pesticides: A rapid determination of the isomer ratio of systox","docAbstract":"The integration circuit of the Varian A-60 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer is used in conjunction with vapor phase chromatography, to develop a rapid analysis technique for the determination of isomer ratios in technical Systox-Sulfotepp mixtures. The complete analysis requires less than 0.1 g of sample and only 15 min. The isomer ratio in the sample may be determined to an accuracy of ±1.5% and the undamaged sample may be recovered.
A method is described for the determination of palladium down to 4ppb (parts per billion, 109), platinum down to 10 ppb and rhodium down to 5 ppb in 15 g of sample. Fire-assay techniques are used to preconcentrate the platinum metals into a gold bead, then the bead is dissolved in aqua regia and diluted to volume with 1M hydrochloric acid. The solution is analysed by optical emission spectrography of the residue from 200 μl of it evaporated on a pair of flat-top graphite electrodes. This method requires much less sample handling than most published methods for these elements. Data are presented for G-1, W-1, and six new standard rocks of the U.S. Geological Survey. The values for palladium in W-1 are in reasonable agreement with previously published data.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/infdis/118.3.253","usgsCitation":"Wolf, K., Bullock, G.L., Dunbar, C.E., and Quimby, M.C., 1968, Tadpole edema virus: A viscerotropic pathogen for anuran amphibians: Journal of Infectious Diseases, v. 118, p. 253-262, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/118.3.253.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"253","endPage":"262","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129217,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"118","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adde4b07f02db686f90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolf, K.","contributorId":16344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bullock, G. L.","contributorId":69498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullock","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dunbar, C. E.","contributorId":96623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunbar","given":"C.","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Quimby, M. C.","contributorId":14334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quimby","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1001297,"text":"1001297 - 1968 - New fashions for the duck marsh","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-02T12:42:23","indexId":"1001297","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2838,"text":"Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New fashions for the duck marsh","docAbstract":"Abstract has not been submitted","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Lee, F., Kruse, A., and Thornsberry, W., 1968, New fashions for the duck marsh: Naturalist, v. 19, no. 1, p. 27-32.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"27","endPage":"32","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130589,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db6976da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, F.B.","contributorId":30174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"F.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kruse, A.D.","contributorId":19900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kruse","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thornsberry, W.H.","contributorId":18315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thornsberry","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}