In the development of terms and units for a new science such as ground‐water hydrology, which is based on physics, it would seem fitting to adopt the terminology that has become standard in other branches of physics such as heat and electricity. Darcy's law has its counterpart in similar laws in the other branches of physics.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR027i002p00256","usgsCitation":"Fishel, V., 1946, Appendix B—Notes on the permeability coefficient and its units: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 27, no. 2, p. 256-269, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR027i002p00256.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"256","endPage":"269","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":379065,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fishel, V.C.","contributorId":6126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fishel","given":"V.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":800515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70214990,"text":"70214990 - 1946 - Report of the Research Committee on Runoff, 1945–46","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-05T17:31:33.542479","indexId":"70214990","displayToPublicDate":"1946-10-05T12:23:07","publicationYear":"1946","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Report of the Research Committee on Runoff, 1945–46","docAbstract":"The variety of usage and even the confusion in the nomenclature and terminology of some fields of hydrology have been often remarked. The Committee on Runoff conceived the idea that it would be profitable to consider some of the terms which are especially pertinent to the field of runoff. That consideration was the principal Committee project of the past year and is featured in this report.
The Chairman sent a letter to the members of the Committee that was planned to draw out a symposium of opinions on the subject. A good starting point seemed to be the classification of water on the Earth. Meinzer's well‐known classification was given: atmospheric water, surface water, and subsurface or subterranean water. Comments were solicited.
","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR027i006p00876","usgsCitation":"Davenport, R.W., 1946, Report of the Research Committee on Runoff, 1945–46: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 27, no. 6, p. 876-878, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR027i006p00876.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"876","endPage":"878","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":379053,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davenport, R. W.","contributorId":41798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davenport","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":800508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70214982,"text":"70214982 - 1946 - General principles of artificial ground-water recharge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-05T16:23:23.989236","indexId":"70214982","displayToPublicDate":"1946-10-05T11:15:48","publicationYear":"1946","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"General principles of artificial ground-water recharge","docAbstract":"The natural subterranean reservoirs formed by the porous and permeable rocks differ from surface reservoirs chiefly in that they have complex structure and great internal resistanc• to the How of water. Their full utilization requires systematic development based on the geology and hydrology of the aquifer and the principles of hydraulics distinctive of ground water. The methods of increasing recharge are of two kinds: (1) Indirect methods, in which increased recharge is accomplished by locating production wells as close as practicable to areas of rejected recharge or natural discharge, and (2) direct methods, in which water from surface sources is conveyed to points from which it percolates into a body of ground water. The direct methods can also be divided into two groups: (1) Recharge by surface application, and (2) recharge through wells. This paper discusses the different methods in relation to geologic structure and ground-water hydraulics and gives numerous examples.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologist","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.41.3.191","usgsCitation":"Meinzer, O.E., 1946, General principles of artificial ground-water recharge: Economic Geology, v. 41, no. 3, p. 191-201, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.41.3.191.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"191","endPage":"201","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":379046,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1946-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meinzer, O. E.","contributorId":10020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meinzer","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":800497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2978,"text":"wsp889C - 1944 - Ground-water resources of the Houston district, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-19T14:50:24","indexId":"wsp889C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1944","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"889","chapter":"C","title":"Ground-water resources of the Houston district, Texas","docAbstract":"This report covers the current phase of an investigation of the supply of ground water available for the Houston district and adjacent region, Texas,- that has been in progress during the past 10 years. The field operations included routine inventories of pumpage, measurements of water levels in observation wells and collection of other hydrologic data, pumping tests on 21 city-owned wells to determine coefficients of permeability and storage, and the drilling of 13 deep test wells in unexplored parts of the district. Considerable attention has been given to studies of the location of areas or beds of sand that contain salt water. The ground water occurs in beds of sand, sandstone, and gravel of Miocene, Pliocene, and Pleistocene age. These formations crop out in belts that dip southeastward from their outcrop areas and are encountered by wells at progressively greater depths toward the southeast. The beds throughout the section are lithologically similar, and there is little agreement among geologists as to their correlation. -In this investigation, however, the sediments, penetrated by the wells are separated into six zones, chiefly on the basis of electrical logs. Most of the water occurs in zone 3, which ranges in thickness from 800 to 1,200 feet. Large quantities of ground water are pumped in three areas in the Houston district, as follows: The Houston tromping area, which includes Houston and the areas immediately adjacent; the Pasadena pumping area, which includes the industrial section extending along the ship channel from the Houston city limits eastward to Deer Park; and the Katy pumping area, an irregular-shaped area of several hundred square miles, which is roughly centered around the town of Katy, 30 miles west of Houston. In 1930 the total combined withdrawal of ground water in the Houston and Pasadena pumping areas averaged about 50 million gallons a day. It declined somewhat during 1932 and 1933 and then gradually increased, until in 1935 the total pumpage was about the same as it was in 1930. About March 1, 1937, the pumpage was increased by about 40 percent, when new wells near Pasadena were put into operation. During 1940 it is estimated that the total pumpage in the Houston and Pasadena areas averaged about 79 million gallons a day, an increase of about 65 percent over the pumpage in 1935. About 25 million gallons of this increase has occurred in the Pasadena area. In the Katy rice-growing area the pumpage in 1935 was about 14 million gallons a day; in 1937 it was about 30 million gallons a day; in 1939 about 40 million gallons a day; and in 1940 about 45 million gallons a day. In 1940 the estimated total pumpage from the Houston, Pasadena, and Katy pumping areas was about 124 million gallons a day, or twice as much as it was in 1935. The increase in pumping at Pasadena in the spring-of 1937 caused the water leveling wells in the Houston and Pasadena areas, which had not varied materially for about 7 years, to decline at a rapid rate. Further increases in the pumping both at Houston and Pasadena in 1939 and 1940 has caused further substantial decline. The water levels in wells in the Katy rice-growing area also declined materially. The evidence points to the probability that in all parts of the Houston district, except the Katy rice-growing area, the rainfall is recharging the aquifers at a rate greater than that at which the water is transmitted down the dip. In the Katy area the recharge is insufficient to balance the joint discharge by transmission down the dip and withdrawal from rice-irrigating wells. The average coefficient of transmissibility was. calculated as 160,000 gallons a day. On the basis of these estimates the inflow in February 1940 across the artesian contour 10 feet below sea level (see pl. 10) was computed as 72 million gallons a day. The amount of water taken out of artesian storage in the 300-square mile area within the -10 contour during the period February 1939 to February
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp889C","usgsCitation":"White, W.N., Rose, N., and Guyton, W.F., 1944, Ground-water resources of the Houston district, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 889, 154 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp889C.","productDescription":"154 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":138910,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0889c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29734,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0889c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a96e4b07f02db65a819","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Walter N.","contributorId":99124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rose, N.A.","contributorId":97081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"N.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guyton, William F.","contributorId":25926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guyton","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70215116,"text":"70215116 - 1944 - Differences in basin‐characteristics as reflected by precipitation‐runoff relations in San Bernardino and Eastern San Gabriel Mountain drainages","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-07T18:42:11.50207","indexId":"70215116","displayToPublicDate":"1944-10-07T13:30:43","publicationYear":"1944","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differences in basin‐characteristics as reflected by precipitation‐runoff relations in San Bernardino and Eastern San Gabriel Mountain drainages","docAbstract":"In interpretation and use of basic hydrological data as basis for planning any public works for conservation or control of water, there is great need for a careful and thorough analysis of the precipitation‐runoff relations. Moreover, when such relations may have been worked out for one particular basin, experience has shown that extreme caution must be used in any attempt to apply these relations to another basin even though superficially the latter may appear to be comparable with respect to physiography, meteorological conditions, and all of the other elements which contributed to the relations established for the first basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR025i001p00021","usgsCitation":"Stafford, H., and Troxell, H., 1944, Differences in basin‐characteristics as reflected by precipitation‐runoff relations in San Bernardino and Eastern San Gabriel Mountain drainages: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 25, no. 1, p. 21-35, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR025i001p00021.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"35","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":379189,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Bernardino and Eastern San Gabriel Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.938232421875,\n 33.89321737944089\n ],\n [\n -116.54296874999999,\n 33.89321737944089\n ],\n [\n -116.54296874999999,\n 34.5020297944346\n ],\n [\n -117.938232421875,\n 34.5020297944346\n ],\n [\n -117.938232421875,\n 33.89321737944089\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stafford, H.M.","contributorId":36914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stafford","given":"H.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":800916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Troxell, H.C.","contributorId":69124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troxell","given":"H.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":800917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70095021,"text":"70095021 - 1944 - Halmahera (Molukkas): terrain intelligence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-25T10:34:19","indexId":"70095021","displayToPublicDate":"1944-01-01T15:34:00","publicationYear":"1944","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":86,"text":"Strategic Engineering Study","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"103","title":"Halmahera (Molukkas): terrain intelligence","docAbstract":"This folio was rushed to completion on urgent request from the Strategic \nIntelligence Branch, Office of Chief of Engineers. The geologists, soils \nscientists, and ground-water hydrologists had completed their studies in manu- \nscript form, but time was not available for editing the folio, coordinating its \ndifferent parts, or checking it for inconsistencies. Parts of the text have not \neven been proof-read for typing mistakes.","language":"English","publisher":"Strategic Intelligence Branch, Military Intelligence Division, Office, Chief of Engineers, U.S. Army","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1944, Halmahera (Molukkas): terrain intelligence: Strategic Engineering Study 103, iii, 219 p.","productDescription":"iii, 219 p.","numberOfPages":"202","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":282868,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70095021.JPG"},{"id":284833,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70095021/report.pdf"}],"country":"Indonesia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 127.3969,-0.9139 ], [ 127.3969,2.2215 ], [ 128.9036,2.2215 ], [ 128.9036,-0.9139 ], [ 127.3969,-0.9139 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53559473e4b0120853e8bff5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70213056,"text":"70213056 - 1943 - A frequency‐method of evaluating ground‐water levels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-08T17:48:35.321791","indexId":"70213056","displayToPublicDate":"1943-09-09T12:40:07","publicationYear":"1943","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A frequency‐method of evaluating ground‐water levels","docAbstract":"Water‐levels in wells, which are utilized by the hydrologist as a measure of ground‐water storage, customarily are measured in terms of distance below a convenient measuring point and expressed with reference to a fixed datum. Datum‐planes or surfaces of several types have been used—each serving some particular purpose advantageously. These include: “Planes” of regional extent, such as mean sea‐level; irregular surfaces defining a particular hydrologic condition, such as low‐water level (if known) or the water‐level on some particular date; and local reference‐planes at each observation‐well, such as a horizontal plane through the measuring point or at the average height of the land‐surface. Recently the Geological Survey has considered the standard use of a land‐surface datum, precisely defined for each observation‐well. This procedure has the practical advantage that the water‐levels can be recorded in final form as soon as the initial measurement is made, without leveling to establish a regional datum or waiting to accumulate sufficient data for defining a particular hydrologic condition.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR024i002p00573","usgsCitation":"Huff, L.C., 1943, A frequency‐method of evaluating ground‐water levels: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 24, no. 2, p. 573-580, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR024i002p00573.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"573","endPage":"580","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":378213,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huff, Lyman C.","contributorId":47440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huff","given":"Lyman","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":798087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70213032,"text":"70213032 - 1943 - A method for determining transmissibility‐ and storage‐coefficients by tests of multiple well‐systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-04T19:02:30.486128","indexId":"70213032","displayToPublicDate":"1943-09-04T13:56:02","publicationYear":"1943","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A method for determining transmissibility‐ and storage‐coefficients by tests of multiple well‐systems","docAbstract":"Ground‐water has long been recognized as one of our important natural resources, but only in about the last 20 years has concentrated effort been made to place ground‐water hydrology on a quantitative basis. The quantitative approach to ground‐water work has been brought about largely through the leadership of O. E. MEINZER, Chief of the Ground‐Water Division of the Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior, who has originated and applied many quantitative methods himself, and who has consistently fostered and encouraged this method of attack by his coworkers. That this effort has been ably directed and especially fruitful Is shown by the vast number of important ground‐water problems relating to the water‐supplies for war activities that have been worked out by means of quantitative methods in the last few years.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR024i002p00547","usgsCitation":"Wenzel, L., and Greenlee, A., 1943, A method for determining transmissibility‐ and storage‐coefficients by tests of multiple well‐systems: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 24, no. 2, p. 547-564, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR024i002p00547.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"547","endPage":"564","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":378173,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wenzel, Leland K.","contributorId":46077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wenzel","given":"Leland K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":798016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Greenlee, A.L.","contributorId":239885,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Greenlee","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":798017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70213028,"text":"70213028 - 1943 - Report of Committee on Runoff, 1942–43","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-04T18:02:40.604887","indexId":"70213028","displayToPublicDate":"1943-09-04T12:45:06","publicationYear":"1943","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Report of Committee on Runoff, 1942–43","docAbstract":"The Committee on Runoff was not formally constituted until February 6, 1943, when the members of the Section, as listed above, were asked to serve. At the suggestion of President CHURCH the Committee has been so selected that there is Nation‐wide geographic distribution from West to East with the majority of the Committee composed of younger men.
If the 33 papers prepared for discussion at the regular sessions of the Section of Hydrology at the annual meeting of 1943 can be used as a measure, war instead of curtailing the activities of the Section has acted as an impetus. Also in the field of hydrology as a whole, war activities have apparently not resulted in a decrease of activities. There has been, however, a gradual decrease of activities in the field of research and an increase of activities in the field of applied hydrology. The enormous expansion of our industrial machine and the great concentration of armies and industrial workers into restricted areas; the demands for water, for power, for food and for municipal use; and operations underlying many of our war efforts, secret and otherwise—all these have created problems requiring the full‐time effort of hydrologists, both in private and governmental service. It is with some degree of satisfaction that each one of us can feel that either as a result of our past research or in our present positions we have been or are doing our bit to win the war.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR024i002p00422","usgsCitation":"Hoyt, W.G., Barnes, B., Cooke, H., Cullings, E., Hathaway, G., Jetter, K.R., Leupold, N., Light, P., McDonald, C.C., Mavis, F., Sherman, L., Smith, W.E., Snyder, F., and Wilm, H., 1943, Report of Committee on Runoff, 1942–43: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 24, no. 2, p. 422-423, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR024i002p00422.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"422","endPage":"423","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":378169,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoyt, W. G.","contributorId":38547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoyt","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":797999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnes, Bertram","contributorId":239877,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barnes","given":"Bertram","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":798000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cooke, H.B.S.","contributorId":29568,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cooke","given":"H.B.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":798001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cullings, E.S.","contributorId":239878,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cullings","given":"E.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":798002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hathaway, G.A.","contributorId":239879,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hathaway","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":798003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jetter, Karl R.","contributorId":108132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jetter","given":"Karl","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":798004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Leupold, N.H.","contributorId":239880,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leupold","given":"N.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":798005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Light, Phillip","contributorId":239881,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Light","given":"Phillip","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":798006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"McDonald, C. C.","contributorId":69204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":798007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Mavis, F.T.","contributorId":239882,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mavis","given":"F.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":798008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Sherman, L.K.","contributorId":239883,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sherman","given":"L.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":798009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Smith, Waldo E.","contributorId":15188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Waldo","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":798010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Snyder, F.","contributorId":84160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":798011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Wilm, H.G.","contributorId":239884,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilm","given":"H.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":798012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70213027,"text":"70213027 - 1943 - Appendix B—The work of the Geological Survey and cooperating state agencies on ground water for war purposes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-04T17:43:26.120553","indexId":"70213027","displayToPublicDate":"1943-09-04T12:30:19","publicationYear":"1943","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"title":"Appendix B—The work of the Geological Survey and cooperating state agencies on ground water for war purposes","docAbstract":"The very large service which the geologists and engineers trained in ground‐water hydrology are rendering in this country in the prosecution of the war is due largely to the effective organization for this purpose. The Federal agency in which this service centers is the Water Resources Branch of the United States Geological Survey. The Ground Water Division of this branch has a technical personnel of nearly 100 geologists, engineers, and physicists, and its work is supported by the chemists of the Quality of Water Division and the engineers of the other Divisions of the Branch. It functions through a central office in Washington and 25 widely distributed field‐offices. Moreover, this service is effectively supported by the State Geological surveys, State Engineer offices, and other State agencies concerned with water‐resources, not only in the 34 States in which there is formal cooperation with the Federal Geological Survey in ground‐water investigations but also in those States in which there are no formal cooperative agreements. The magnitude of the civilian service rendered is indicated by the fact that to date about 1,600 reports on water‐supplies from wells have been made to the War and Navy Departments and other war agencies by the Geological Survey and cooperating State organizations.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR024i002p00418-2","usgsCitation":"Meinzer, O.E., 1943, Appendix B—The work of the Geological Survey and cooperating state agencies on ground water for war purposes, v. 24, no. 2, p. 418-420, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR024i002p00418-2.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"418","endPage":"420","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":378168,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meinzer, O. E.","contributorId":10020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meinzer","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":797998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70213013,"text":"70213013 - 1943 - Appendix C—Report on research in the field of ground water being conducted by oil companies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-03T20:12:20.057194","indexId":"70213013","displayToPublicDate":"1943-09-03T15:08:50","publicationYear":"1943","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Appendix C—Report on research in the field of ground water being conducted by oil companies","docAbstract":"In view of the shortness of time since the appointment of the writer to the Committee on Ground Water this report is confined to the technology and problems in the Gulf Coast Oil Province. Of course, many of the methods and practices would apply to most parts of the country however, some would differ materially from one region to another. The writer wishes to acknowledge the suggestions and comments by F. H. LAHEE and PAUL WEAVER.
Having been stationed in Houston, Texas, in the heart of the Gulf Coast Area for four and a half years, the writer has had an opportunity to view the great similarity of the problems confronting the petroleum geologist and engineer and the ground‐water hydrologist. Both groups deal with the accumulation, movement, and withdrawal of fluid from underground strata, yet each group is content to study its own literature and use its own terminology without much concern for the other. The petroleum and ground‐water engineer, independently of one another, have developed mathematical formulas for the determination of permeability from field‐data. These formulas use the same basic principles of physics and the initial papers on the subject by both groups were published within two years of one another. Because of the similarity in the technology and problems of the petroleum engineer and the ground‐water hydrologist there is a definite need for closer cooperation. Some of the problems are so closely related that their solution rests in cooperative studies.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR024i002p00420","usgsCitation":"Rose, N., 1943, Appendix C—Report on research in the field of ground water being conducted by oil companies: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 24, no. 2, p. 420-421, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR024i002p00420.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"420","endPage":"421","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":378154,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rose, N.A.","contributorId":97081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"N.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":797971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70213116,"text":"70213116 - 1942 - Monthly evapo‐transpiration losses from natural drainage‐basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-09T19:57:53.587761","indexId":"70213116","displayToPublicDate":"1942-09-09T14:46:21","publicationYear":"1942","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monthly evapo‐transpiration losses from natural drainage‐basin","docAbstract":"With limited restrictions the hydrologic cycle in a given area may be expressed essentially as follows: P = (R + E + ΔFm) in which P represents the precipitation during a given period, R that portion which has reached or will reach the stream‐channel either through surface or subsurface paths, E that part which is evaporated from land and water surfaces and transpired by vegetation during the same period, and ΔFm the change in field‐moisture content during the period. In general both E and Fm are unknown. When the period of time considered in the above expression is long, ΔFm may be neglected and then the evapo‐transpiration losses equal the difference between P (rainfall) and R (runoff) [see 1 of “References” at end of paper]; on the other hand, when the period of time considered is short and considerable rain has fallen then E may be neglected and ΔFm equals the difference between P and R represents water stored as an increment to field‐moisture to be disposed of by evapo‐transpiration during subsequent rainless periods [2].
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR023i002p00604","usgsCitation":"Langbein, W., 1942, Monthly evapo‐transpiration losses from natural drainage‐basin: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 23, no. 2, p. 604-614, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR023i002p00604.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"604","endPage":"614","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":378282,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langbein, Walter B.","contributorId":98294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langbein","given":"Walter B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":798281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70213108,"text":"70213108 - 1942 - Report of Committee on Underground Waters, 1941–42","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-09T17:02:34.270957","indexId":"70213108","displayToPublicDate":"1942-09-09T11:51:57","publicationYear":"1942","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Report of Committee on Underground Waters, 1941–42","docAbstract":"So many ground‐water hydrologists are engaged on problems relating directly to the war that the usual annual inquiry for information as to projects that deserve review in the annual report of the Committee on Underground Waters brought relatively little response. It is in part for this reason, but also in part because the Chairman of the Committee is busy on war problems, that this report is shorter than usual.
Geologists are concerned with the rock‐systems that form the crust of the Earth. The groundwater geologists are concerned with the rock‐systems specifically because the open spaces which the rocks contain serve as reservoirs and conduits for water—water which performs a large part of the geologic work that is in progress today and has been in progress during past ages; water which affects profoundly the whole hydrologic cycle and is still the principal source of water‐supply for mankind, as it has been for primitive man and the other land animals before the time of artificial waterworks.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR023i001p00006","usgsCitation":"Meinzer, O.E., 1942, Ground‐water studies in the Southwest : Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 23, no. 1, p. 6-9, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR023i001p00006.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"6","endPage":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":378226,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meinzer, O. E.","contributorId":10020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meinzer","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":798100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70161784,"text":"70161784 - 1942 - General geology and ground-water resources of the island of Maui, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-06T10:47:25","indexId":"70161784","displayToPublicDate":"1942-01-01T11:00:00","publicationYear":"1942","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":242,"text":"Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"7","title":"General geology and ground-water resources of the island of Maui, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Maui, the second largest island in the Hawaiian group, is 48 miles long, 26 miles wide, and covers 728 square miles. The principal town is Wailuku. Sugar cane and pineapples are the principal crops. Water is used chiefly for irrigating cane. The purpose of the investigation was to study the geology and the ground-water resources of the island.
Maui was built by two volcanoes. East Maui or Haleakala Volcano is 10,025 feet high and famous for its so-called crater, which is a section of Hawaii National Park. Evidence is given to show that it is the head of two amphitheater-headed valleys in which numerous secondary eruptions have occurred and that it is not a crater, caldera, or eroded caldera. West Maui is a deeply dissected volcano 5,788 feet high. The flat Isthmus connecting the two volcanoes was made by lavas from East Maui banking against the West Maui Mountains. Plate 1 shows the geology, wells, springs, and water-development tunnels. Plate 2 is a map and description of points of geologic interest along the main highways. Volcanic terms used in the report are briefly defined. A synopsis of the climate is included and a record of the annual rainfall at all stations is given also. Puu Kukui, on West Maui, has an average annual rainfall of 389 inches and it lies just six miles from Olowalu where only 2 inches of rain fell in 1928, the lowest ever recorded in the Hawaiian Islands. The second rainiest place in the Territory is Kuhiwa Gulch on East Maui where 523 inches fell during 1937. Rainfall averages 2,360 million gallons daily on East Maui and 580 on West Maui. Ground water at the point of use in months of low rainfall is worth about $120 per million gallons, which makes most undeveloped supplies valuable.
The oldest rocks on East Maui are the very permeable primitive Honomanu basalts, which were extruded probably in Pliocene and early Pleistocene time from three rift zones. These rocks form a dome about 8,000 feet high and extend an unknown distance below sea level. Covering this dome are the Kula volcanics, extruded probably in early and middle Pleistocene time, and characterized by andesites, andesitic basalts, and picritic basalts. They are 2.000 feet thick on the summit and 50 to 200 feet thick at the periphery. They contain a sufficient number of interbedded soils, thin vitric tuff beds, and lava-filled valleys in their upper part to give rise to valuable perched springs in wet areas. The Kula lavas accumulated during a waning volcanic phase which was followed by a quiescence long enough for the erosion of deep amphitheater-headed valleys in the east or wet half of the mountain. Volcanic activity was renewed in middle (?) to late Pleistocene time and continued until Recent time, during which the Hana volcanic series was laid down. The last lava flow was erupted about 1750. The Hana lavas comprise andesitic, picritic, and olivine basalts. They veneered large areas of the east and south slopes, partly filled the deep amphitheater-headed valleys, and deeply buried the smaller valleys in the eastern half of the mountain. The Hana rocks are exceedingly permeable and much rain sinks into them.
The oldest rocks on West Maui are the very permeable primitive Wailuku basalts, which were extruded probably in Pliocene and early Pleistocene time from two rifts and from many radial fissures. The basalts form a dome about 5,600 feet high and extend an unknown distance below sea level. Iao Valley is the eroded caldera of this dome. Forming an incomplete veneer over the dome are the Honolua soda trachytes and oligoclase andesites. They were extruded in late Pliocene (?) or early Pleistocene time, chiefly from bulbous domes. The clinker beds carry some water but the rocks are generally too dense to be good aquifers. During early (?) Pleistocene the West Maui volcano was cut by deep amphitheater-headed valleys and then all of Maui was deeply submerged.
Four scattered eruptions occurred on West Maui in middle (?) and late Pleistocene time. The cones and lavas cover only small areas and are called the Lahaina volcanic series.
The sedimentary rocks of both East and West Maui are chiefly late Quaternary and comprise fans, landslide debris, delta deposits, and valley fills, mostly of poorly permeable and poorly assorted bouldery alluvium. They are overlain on the Isthmus by extensive calcareous dunes of three ages. A mud flow more than 300 feet thick is exposed in Kaupo Valley. During the fluctuations of the ocean in the Pleistocene, the island was emerged and submerged several times. Calcareous fossiliferous marine conglomerates deposited during this period are found up to an altitude of 250 feet on West Maui.
The Homomanu, Wailuku, and Kula lavas are the chief aquifers. They supply 28 irrigation wells which yield an average of 170 million gallons a day of basal water. These wells are mine-like shafts with infiltration tunnels and are called Maui-type wells. Well 16 yields 40,000,000 gallons daily with a 22-foot drawdown, which is the largest amount yielded by any well in the Hawaiian Islands. The largest spring (no. 26) on the island is artesian. It yields 10,400,000 gallons daily and issues from Kula lavas near Nahiku. West Maui has numerous perennial streams supplied by springs from a dike complex. Twenty-three tunnels in West Maui recover 20.5 million gallons a day of high-level water, mostly from this dike complex. East Maui has few perennial streams in proportion to its size, and they are chiefly small due to the water sheds being underlain with permeable lavas. Forty tunnels recover 6 million gallons a day of high-level water in East Maui and all from structures other than dikes.
It is estimated that about 100 million gallons a day of basal water wastes into the sea from West Maui and about 700 million gallons a day from East Maui. A number of sites are described where wells could be sunk to recover this water. Sites are also described where tunnels could be driven to recover high-level supplies. The hydrology of East and West Maui is conspicuously different in many respects, mainly because of the difference in the stage of dissection, the extensive veneer of very permeable Hann lavas on East Maui, and the comparatively small area of the Lahaina lavas of similar age on West Maui. The only thermal water known in the Hawaiian Islands, except on the active volcano of Kilauea, is in a well in West Maui.
The Nahiku area has been mapped and studied in detail. The upper part of the Honomanu volcanic series, exposed in the sea cliffs, in petrographic character is transitional into the overlying Kula lavas, Kula and Hana time were characterized by a long succession of valley-cutting episodes, each valley being filled by lava erupted from the east rift zone. The lavas include olivine basalts, picritic basalts, and basaltic andesites,
In the Nahiku area basal ground water occurs largely in the Honomanu basalts. Perched water occurs in many of the later lavas, generally following the axes of buried valleys. The members which perch the water are mostly ashy soil beds, although an unusually extensive, thick layer of much decomposed clinker also appears to be a supporting member. Most of the water travels through the basal clinker members of aa lavas. Artesian water is encountered in the upper, transitional part of the Honomanu volcanic series. The aquifer is permeable porphyritic pahoehoe; the confining members are relatively impermeable nonporphyritic aa.
The lavas of East Maui are described according to stratigraphic groups. The oldest or Honomanu lavas are olivine basalts like the primitive lavas in other Hawaiian volcanoes. The later or Kula and Hana lavas include basalts, basaltic andesites, andesites, and picritic basalts. The normative nepheline of analyzed East Maui lavas has not been identified in the mode. The degree of differentiation is inversely proportional to the frequency of eruptions.
The lavas of West Maui volcano are divided into the Wailuku volcanic series, consisting largely of olivine basalts with less abundant olivine-poor basalts, hypersthene basalts, and picritic basalts; the Honolua volcanic series, consisting of oligoclase andesites and soda trachytes; and the Lahaina volcanic series, consisting of nepheline basanite and picritic basalts. Coarse-grained gabbros intrude the Wailuku lavas. Differentiation was undoubtedly partly by crystal settling, but the alkali curves of the variation diagram suggest that volatile transfer was of some importance.
As a result of the need for basic data and the lack of a current and convenient summary concerning the surface-water resources of Iowa, a synoptic inventory has been prepared as a part of the present State-wide program which is made possible by State and Federal cooperative action. These hydrologic data are assembled in abbreviated form for the convenient* of the public and in order that a current State report containing stream-flow records under one cover will be more readily accessible for Iowa.
This inventory is here presented in the form of a brief compilation report which summarizes results of stream-flow measurements relating to Iowa streams through out the years during which local. State and Federal agencies have cooperated in Iowa with the water resources branch of the United States Geological Survey.
The principal basic data consist of concise summaries for gaging stations in Iowa and certain relevant locations adjacent thereto for which records for five or more complete years have been collected. These summaries include a comprehensive description and history of each station followed by a table giving in convenient form and for general use the figures of maximum and minimum daily dis charge and yearly mean discharge and runoff for the water and calendar years of record. In addition, approximately 300 miscellaneous discharge measurements, which have been made within the State of Iowa, am included in an original and convenient listing. A summary of maximum discharges at LIS places is also given together with other data pertinent to flood flow in Iowa.
","language":"English","publisher":"The State of Iowa","publisherLocation":"Des Moines, IA","usgsCitation":"Crawford, L.C., 1942, Summaries of yearly and flood flow relating to Iowa streams 1873-1940: Water Supply Bulletin 1, 129 p.","productDescription":"129 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324462,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":493152,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70174092/IGS_wsb_1.pdf","text":"Report","size":"16.3 MB"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-91.217706,43.50055],[-91.216035,43.481142],[-91.233367,43.455168],[-91.200359,43.412701],[-91.198953,43.389835],[-91.21477,43.365874],[-91.20662,43.352524],[-91.132813,43.32803],[-91.107237,43.313645],[-91.07371,43.274746],[-91.071698,43.261014],[-91.058644,43.257679],[-91.066398,43.239293],[-91.12217,43.197255],[-91.1462,43.152405],[-91.1562,43.142945],[-91.175253,43.134665],[-91.179457,43.067427],[-91.156562,42.978226],[-91.14543,42.958211],[-91.14988,42.941955],[-91.1438,42.922877],[-91.146177,42.90985],[-91.100565,42.883078],[-91.097656,42.859871],[-91.091837,42.851225],[-91.09406,42.830813],[-91.078665,42.827678],[-91.069549,42.769628],[-91.060261,42.761847],[-91.065783,42.753387],[-91.056297,42.747341],[-91.051275,42.737001],[-91.035418,42.73734],[-91.026786,42.724228],[-91.000128,42.716189],[-90.977735,42.696816],[-90.949213,42.685573],[-90.923634,42.6855],[-90.88743,42.67247],[-90.731132,42.643437],[-90.706303,42.634169],[-90.692031,42.610366],[-90.686975,42.591774],[-90.661527,42.567999],[-90.654127,42.5499],[-90.643927,42.540401],[-90.636927,42.513202],[-90.655927,42.491703],[-90.654027,42.478503],[-90.624328,42.458904],[-90.567968,42.440389],[-90.560439,42.432897],[-90.555018,42.416138],[-90.477279,42.383794],[-90.462619,42.367253],[-90.443874,42.355218],[-90.416535,42.325109],[-90.430884,42.27823],[-90.419326,42.254467],[-90.400653,42.239293],[-90.391108,42.225473],[-90.356964,42.205445],[-90.328273,42.201047],[-90.282173,42.178846],[-90.234919,42.165431],[-90.209479,42.15268],[-90.197342,42.128163],[-90.167533,42.122475],[-90.161159,42.106372],[-90.168358,42.075779],[-90.164485,42.042105],[-90.151579,42.030633],[-90.140061,42.003252],[-90.146225,41.981329],[-90.164135,41.956178],[-90.163847,41.944934],[-90.152659,41.933058],[-90.153584,41.906614],[-90.181401,41.844647],[-90.181973,41.80707],[-90.278633,41.767358],[-90.310708,41.742214],[-90.317668,41.72269],[-90.313435,41.698082],[-90.334525,41.679559],[-90.343452,41.646959],[-90.339528,41.598633],[-90.343228,41.587833],[-90.41283,41.565333],[-90.461432,41.523533],[-90.500633,41.518033],[-90.540935,41.526133],[-90.591037,41.512832],[-90.602137,41.506032],[-90.605937,41.494232],[-90.655839,41.462132],[-90.750142,41.449632],[-90.846558,41.455141],[-90.930016,41.421404],[-90.979815,41.434321],[-91.027787,41.423603],[-91.043988,41.415897],[-91.05101,41.387556],[-91.06652,41.365246],[-91.074841,41.305578],[-91.092034,41.286911],[-91.114186,41.250029],[-91.113648,41.241401],[-91.07298,41.207151],[-91.041536,41.166138],[-91.027214,41.163373],[-91.007586,41.166183],[-90.99496,41.160624],[-90.946627,41.096632],[-90.949383,41.072711],[-90.942253,41.034702],[-90.945949,41.006495],[-90.958142,40.979767],[-90.952233,40.954047],[-90.965344,40.921633],[-91.009536,40.900565],[-91.021562,40.884021],[-91.044653,40.868356],[-91.05643,40.848387],[-91.092993,40.821079],[-91.097649,40.805575],[-91.091703,40.779708],[-91.110424,40.745528],[-91.115735,40.725168],[-91.11194,40.697018],[-91.123928,40.669152],[-91.185428,40.638071],[-91.253074,40.637962],[-91.306524,40.626231],[-91.339719,40.613488],[-91.359873,40.601805],[-91.379752,40.57445],[-91.401482,40.559458],[-91.406373,40.551831],[-91.404125,40.539127],[-91.384531,40.530948],[-91.369059,40.512532],[-91.364211,40.500043],[-91.364915,40.484168],[-91.381769,40.442555],[-91.372554,40.4012],[-91.381958,40.387632],[-91.419422,40.378264],[-91.441243,40.386255],[-91.452458,40.375501],[-91.463895,40.375659],[-91.465116,40.385257],[-91.484507,40.3839],[-91.490977,40.393484],[-91.487829,40.403866],[-91.498093,40.401926],[-91.522333,40.409648],[-91.527057,40.416689],[-91.519012,40.431298],[-91.529132,40.434272],[-91.533548,40.440804],[-91.523271,40.450061],[-91.526155,40.458625],[-91.552691,40.458769],[-91.574746,40.465664],[-91.590817,40.492292],[-91.621353,40.510072],[-91.618028,40.53403],[-91.6219,40.542292],[-91.6887,40.55739],[-91.691557,40.564867],[-91.686357,40.580875],[-91.716769,40.59853],[-91.729115,40.61364],[-92.686693,40.589809],[-94.294813,40.571341],[-94.632032,40.571186],[-95.765645,40.585208],[-95.753148,40.59284],[-95.748626,40.603355],[-95.768926,40.621264],[-95.776251,40.647463],[-95.795489,40.662384],[-95.822913,40.66724],[-95.842801,40.677496],[-95.852615,40.702262],[-95.883178,40.717579],[-95.888907,40.731855],[-95.879027,40.753081],[-95.84662,40.768619],[-95.835232,40.779151],[-95.834523,40.787778],[-95.845342,40.811324],[-95.837186,40.835347],[-95.847084,40.854174],[-95.847785,40.864328],[-95.838735,40.872191],[-95.815933,40.879846],[-95.809474,40.891228],[-95.813458,40.901693],[-95.836438,40.921642],[-95.839743,40.93278],[-95.829074,40.975688],[-95.838908,40.986484],[-95.867286,41.001599],[-95.869486,41.009399],[-95.859918,41.025403],[-95.859654,41.035695],[-95.882415,41.060411],[-95.862587,41.088399],[-95.865888,41.117898],[-95.882088,41.143998],[-95.883489,41.154898],[-95.871912,41.168122],[-95.846188,41.166698],[-95.841288,41.174998],[-95.856788,41.187098],[-95.90969,41.184398],[-95.91829,41.186698],[-95.92599,41.195698],[-95.924891,41.211198],[-95.910891,41.231798],[-95.921891,41.264598],[-95.913991,41.271398],[-95.928691,41.281398],[-95.927491,41.298397],[-95.90589,41.300897],[-95.90429,41.293497],[-95.912491,41.279498],[-95.90249,41.273398],[-95.87689,41.285097],[-95.871489,41.295797],[-95.883089,41.316697],[-95.92569,41.322197],[-95.946891,41.334096],[-95.956691,41.345496],[-95.954891,41.351796],[-95.93549,41.360596],[-95.92879,41.370096],[-95.93689,41.396387],[-95.929721,41.411331],[-95.933169,41.42943],[-95.919865,41.447922],[-95.922529,41.455766],[-95.936801,41.46519],[-95.962329,41.46281],[-96.011757,41.476212],[-96.019542,41.486617],[-95.997903,41.504789],[-95.992599,41.514174],[-95.999529,41.538679],[-96.005079,41.544004],[-96.019686,41.545743],[-96.027289,41.541081],[-96.034305,41.512853],[-96.040701,41.507076],[-96.05369,41.508859],[-96.07307,41.525052],[-96.08822,41.530595],[-96.09409,41.539265],[-96.093613,41.558271],[-96.081152,41.577289],[-96.085771,41.585746],[-96.109387,41.596871],[-96.117558,41.609999],[-96.116233,41.621574],[-96.100701,41.635507],[-96.095046,41.647365],[-96.099837,41.66103],[-96.120983,41.677861],[-96.121401,41.688522],[-96.111968,41.697773],[-96.082429,41.698159],[-96.073063,41.705004],[-96.079682,41.717962],[-96.10261,41.728016],[-96.106425,41.73789],[-96.102772,41.746339],[-96.079915,41.757895],[-96.077543,41.777824],[-96.064537,41.793002],[-96.075548,41.807811],[-96.107592,41.820685],[-96.110246,41.84885],[-96.142045,41.868865],[-96.148826,41.888132],[-96.161756,41.90182],[-96.160767,41.908044],[-96.136743,41.920826],[-96.144583,41.941544],[-96.133318,41.955732],[-96.1289,41.969727],[-96.141228,41.978063],[-96.156538,41.980137],[-96.184243,41.976696],[-96.192141,41.984461],[-96.183568,41.999987],[-96.194556,42.008662],[-96.215225,42.006701],[-96.223896,41.995456],[-96.236487,41.996428],[-96.241932,42.006965],[-96.223611,42.022652],[-96.223822,42.033346],[-96.238392,42.041088],[-96.261132,42.038974],[-96.271427,42.044988],[-96.279342,42.07028],[-96.267636,42.096177],[-96.2689,42.11359],[-96.279203,42.12348],[-96.310085,42.132523],[-96.319528,42.146647],[-96.342395,42.160491],[-96.349688,42.172043],[-96.348066,42.194747],[-96.35987,42.210545],[-96.358141,42.214088],[-96.336323,42.218922],[-96.323723,42.229887],[-96.330004,42.240224],[-96.328905,42.254734],[-96.336003,42.264806],[-96.365792,42.285875],[-96.369212,42.308344],[-96.375307,42.318339],[-96.407998,42.337408],[-96.417786,42.351449],[-96.417093,42.361443],[-96.408436,42.376092],[-96.41498,42.393442],[-96.413609,42.407894],[-96.387608,42.432494],[-96.380707,42.446394],[-96.385407,42.473094],[-96.396107,42.484095],[-96.409408,42.487595],[-96.474409,42.491895],[-96.476909,42.497795],[-96.473339,42.503537],[-96.477454,42.509589],[-96.490089,42.512441],[-96.49297,42.517282],[-96.479909,42.524195],[-96.476952,42.556079],[-96.498041,42.558153],[-96.498709,42.57087],[-96.489328,42.5708],[-96.485796,42.575001],[-96.49545,42.579474],[-96.494777,42.585741],[-96.499885,42.588539],[-96.509468,42.61273],[-96.517048,42.615343],[-96.525671,42.609312],[-96.531604,42.615148],[-96.518542,42.62035],[-96.516338,42.630435],[-96.537881,42.646446],[-96.542366,42.660736],[-96.559281,42.657903],[-96.556461,42.663939],[-96.566684,42.675942],[-96.576381,42.671302],[-96.575299,42.682665],[-96.596405,42.688514],[-96.59908,42.697296],[-96.61017,42.694568],[-96.629625,42.705102],[-96.624446,42.714294],[-96.624704,42.725497],[-96.631931,42.725086],[-96.638621,42.734921],[-96.630485,42.750378],[-96.620548,42.753534],[-96.620272,42.757124],[-96.632212,42.761512],[-96.633168,42.768325],[-96.61949,42.784034],[-96.604559,42.783034],[-96.595283,42.792982],[-96.590757,42.808255],[-96.596008,42.815044],[-96.585699,42.818041],[-96.577937,42.827645],[-96.581604,42.837521],[-96.571353,42.837155],[-96.565605,42.830434],[-96.560572,42.839373],[-96.552092,42.836057],[-96.549513,42.839143],[-96.554709,42.846142],[-96.545502,42.849956],[-96.54146,42.857682],[-96.550439,42.863171],[-96.549659,42.870281],[-96.537851,42.878475],[-96.540396,42.888877],[-96.526563,42.893755],[-96.542847,42.903737],[-96.537354,42.908791],[-96.541689,42.922576],[-96.525536,42.935511],[-96.516203,42.933769],[-96.52012,42.938183],[-96.500308,42.959391],[-96.505028,42.970844],[-96.515922,42.972886],[-96.520773,42.980385],[-96.512237,42.985937],[-96.509986,42.995126],[-96.49782,42.998143],[-96.49167,43.009707],[-96.499187,43.019213],[-96.510995,43.024701],[-96.509146,43.03668],[-96.518431,43.042068],[-96.510256,43.049917],[-96.490365,43.050789],[-96.476905,43.062383],[-96.463094,43.062981],[-96.458201,43.067554],[-96.454188,43.083379],[-96.462636,43.089614],[-96.460516,43.09494],[-96.436589,43.120842],[-96.450361,43.142237],[-96.458854,43.143356],[-96.466537,43.150281],[-96.464896,43.182034],[-96.473834,43.189804],[-96.470781,43.205099],[-96.475571,43.221054],[-96.496454,43.223652],[-96.519273,43.21769],[-96.535741,43.22764],[-96.56044,43.224219],[-96.568505,43.231554],[-96.571194,43.238961],[-96.552963,43.247281],[-96.552591,43.257769],[-96.582904,43.26769],[-96.586317,43.274319],[-96.577588,43.2788],[-96.580346,43.298204],[-96.553087,43.29286],[-96.530392,43.300034],[-96.526004,43.309999],[-96.534913,43.336473],[-96.524289,43.347214],[-96.527345,43.368109],[-96.521323,43.374607],[-96.521572,43.38564],[-96.524044,43.394762],[-96.529152,43.397735],[-96.537116,43.395063],[-96.573579,43.419228],[-96.569628,43.427527],[-96.575181,43.431756],[-96.592905,43.43317],[-96.602608,43.449649],[-96.600039,43.45708],[-96.584603,43.46961],[-96.586364,43.478251],[-96.580997,43.481384],[-96.590452,43.494298],[-96.598396,43.495074],[-96.598929,43.500441],[-91.217706,43.50055]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Iowa\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57724e35e4b07657d1a819d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crawford, Lawrence C.","contributorId":172475,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crawford","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3031,"text":"wsp869 - 1941 - Flood of August 1935 in the Muskingum River Basin, Ohio, with sections on the associated meteorology and hydrology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-03T19:55:27.641624","indexId":"wsp869","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1941","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"869","title":"Flood of August 1935 in the Muskingum River Basin, Ohio, with sections on the associated meteorology and hydrology","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp869","usgsCitation":"Youngquist, C.V., Langbein, W.B., Smith, W.E., and Showalter, A.K., 1941, Flood of August 1935 in the Muskingum River Basin, Ohio, with sections on the associated meteorology and hydrology: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 869, vi, 118 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp869.","productDescription":"vi, 118 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":393777,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24676.htm"},{"id":29862,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0869/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":139525,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0869/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","otherGeospatial":"Muskingum River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.779,\n 39.377\n ],\n [\n -80.9070,\n 39.377\n ],\n [\n -80.9070,\n 41.158\n ],\n [\n -82.779,\n 41.158\n ],\n [\n -82.779,\n 39.377\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f2e4b07f02db5eef0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Youngquist, C. V.","contributorId":28230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Youngquist","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Langbein, W. B.","contributorId":102053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langbein","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Waldo E.","contributorId":15188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Waldo","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Showalter, A. K.","contributorId":15600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Showalter","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":2976,"text":"wsp849C - 1941 - Geology and ground-water resources of the Balmorhea area, western Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-19T14:48:55","indexId":"wsp849C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1941","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"849","chapter":"C","title":"Geology and ground-water resources of the Balmorhea area, western Texas","docAbstract":"Balmorhea is the center of a thriving farming community, the lands of which are irrigated with water derived chiefly from large springs but partly from the storm flow of Toyah Creek. The storm flow of the creek and a part of the winter flow of the springs is stored in a reservoir near Balmorhea and used later to supplement the flow of the springs. The present investigation was made to determine the geologic and hydrologic relations of the springs, whether additional water can be obtained from wells, and what effect the withdrawal of large amounts of water from wells would have upon the discharge of the springs. Balmorhea is situated near the foot of the Davis and Barrilla Mountains and along the southwestern margin of the Toyah Basin. The mountains and adjacent basin are drained by Toyah and Limpia Creeks. The group of springs around Balmorhea occur in the floor of the valley of Toyah Creek. They have been divided into artesian springs--Phantom Lake, Giffin and San Solomon Springs; and gravity springs--Toyah Creek, Saragosa, East Sandia and West Sandia Springs. The combined discharge of the springs during dry years is about 23,000 gallons a minute, of which amount the artesian springs supply more than 90 percent. The underground reservoir which supplies the artesian springs is the fractured and cavernous Lower Cretaceous limestone. This limestone, about 500 feet thick, is underlain by impermeable rocks, probably of Permian age, and is overlain by impermeable Upper Cretaceous strata that have a maximum thickness of about 500 feet. These are in turn overlain in the mountains by Tertiary lava and on the plains by gravel and other surficial deposits. The Lower Cretaceous limestone is at the surface or covered by a thin layer of gravel in a belt that lies athwart the stream channels and extends from Gomez Peak southeastward along the foothills of the Davis Mountains. In this belt all the streams suffer heavy seepage losses. From this belt the limestone dips gently northeastward to the axis of a northwestward-trending syncline and then rises to the surface in the vicinity of Phantom Lake, where a part of the water is discharged. About 1,000 feet northeast of this lake is a northwestward-trending fault of small displacement, on the northeast side of which the limestone is downthrown, northeastward from this fault the limestone rises gently and appears at the surface about a mile to the northeast, where it is again downfaulted, but the throw is not sufficient to affect the movement of the water. For several miles to the north the water-bearing Lower Cretaceous limestone is covered by 400 to 500 feet of impermeable Upper Cretaceous strata. It is believed that the Lower Cretaceous rocks are again near the surface and covered by only a thin mantle of gravel and other surficial deposits at San Solomon and Giffin Springs and that just northeast of the springs a fault crosses the valley along which the impermeable Upper Cretaceous rocks are faulted into a position opposite the Lower Cretaceous rocks, thus obstructing further northward movement of the water in the Lower Cretaceous limestone and forcing it to issue as large springs. Between this fault and Brogada the Lower Cretaceous rocks are believed to lie at a depth of about 500 feet and are overlain by Upper Cretaceous strata and a blanket of gravel and other surficial deposits, which are the source of the water of Toyah Creek, Sandia, and Saragosa Springs. Northeast of Brogada the Lower Cretaceous lies at a greater depth, and the mantle of gravel is much thicker. Wells put down to the limestone in the vicinity of San Solomon and Giffin Springs would decrease the flow of the springs. The effect of wells in limestone between the fault near these springs and the Brogado Hills on the flow of the springs would depend on the completeness with which the fault cuts off northward movement of ground water in the limestone. If the movement of water across the fault has been prev
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/wsp849C","isbn":"pbk","usgsCitation":"White, W.N., Gale, H.S., and Nye, S.S., 1941, Geology and ground-water resources of the Balmorhea area, western Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 849, 69 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp849C.","productDescription":"69 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":138908,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0849c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29732,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0849c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db6857ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Walter N.","contributorId":99124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gale, H. S.","contributorId":102040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gale","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nye, S. Spencer","contributorId":26570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nye","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Spencer","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70213281,"text":"70213281 - 1941 - Fluctuations of water‐level in wells in the Los Angeles basin, California, during five strong earthquakes, 1933–1940","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-17T13:36:22.732076","indexId":"70213281","displayToPublicDate":"1941-09-16T15:08:27","publicationYear":"1941","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fluctuations of water‐level in wells in the Los Angeles basin, California, during five strong earthquakes, 1933–1940","docAbstract":"Numerous ground‐water hydrologists have obtained records of water‐level surges in wells during earthquakes and of heightened or lowered levels after those earthquakes. Many of these surges and changes of level are undoubtedly direct effects of the several earthquake‐waves that are recorded on seismographs. Thus, water‐level recorders on observation‐wells promise to afford a means of extending greatly the scope of seismographic records for local areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR022i002p00374-2","usgsCitation":"LaRocque, G., 1941, Fluctuations of water‐level in wells in the Los Angeles basin, California, during five strong earthquakes, 1933–1940: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 22, no. 2, p. 374-386, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR022i002p00374-2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"374","endPage":"386","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":378478,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Los Angeles","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.5809326171875,\n 33.46810795527896\n ],\n [\n -117.3175048828125,\n 33.46810795527896\n ],\n [\n -117.3175048828125,\n 34.298068350990825\n ],\n [\n -118.5809326171875,\n 34.298068350990825\n ],\n [\n -118.5809326171875,\n 33.46810795527896\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LaRocque, G.A. Jr.","contributorId":22837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaRocque","given":"G.A.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":798939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70213273,"text":"70213273 - 1941 - Report of committee on runoff, 1940–41","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-06T15:54:18.543956","indexId":"70213273","displayToPublicDate":"1941-09-16T13:33:35","publicationYear":"1941","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Report of committee on runoff, 1940–41","docAbstract":"The Committee members are the same as last year, namely: H. K. Barrows; Merrill Bernard; E. S. Cullings; R. S. Goodridge; G. A. Hathaway; Joseph Jacobs; F. T. Havis; H. S. Riesbol; Waldo E. Smith; F. F. Snyder; and H. G. Wilm.
During the year one addition was made, namely, AURELIO BENASSINI of Mexico City and associated with the Mexican Government. One of Mr. Benassini's associates, Mr. Quintero, was appointed on Mr. Bernard's Rainfall Committee, and in view of the fact that we have common hydrologic problems with Mexico, it seems desirable to have representatives of the Mexican Government on both the Rainfall and the Runoff Committees.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR022i003p01014","usgsCitation":"Hoyt, W.G., 1941, Report of committee on runoff, 1940–41: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 22, no. 3, p. 1014-1015, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR022i003p01014.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1014","endPage":"1015","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":378464,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoyt, W. G.","contributorId":38547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoyt","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":798927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70213269,"text":"70213269 - 1941 - Factors influencing runoff during the flood of December, 1937, in northern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-17T13:50:56.499789","indexId":"70213269","displayToPublicDate":"1941-09-16T12:28:00","publicationYear":"1941","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors influencing runoff during the flood of December, 1937, in northern California","docAbstract":"Engineers and hydrologists engaged on flood‐problems throughout much of the United States east of the Rocky Mountains must deal to a considerable extent with wide‐spread storms covering thousands of square miles. The gradations of meteorologic conditions as regard both area and time are relatively homogeneous during such storm‐events and are affected but moderately by orographical influences. Under such conditions similar storm‐characteristics prevail over vast areas. True, precipitation decreases toward the boundaries of such major storm‐areas, and locally precipitation‐rates may greatly exceed the average. Often, however, drainage‐basin after drainage‐basin will yield comparable depths of flood‐runoff. The storms of March, 1936, which resulted in the simultaneous occurrence of floods throughout all of the northeastern part of the United States from Ohio and Virginia to Maine and the storm of January, 1937, which embraced all of the 200,000 square miles comprising the Ohio River drainage are typical of major Eastern disturbances. The storm of December, 1937, in the Sacramento and San Joaquin valleys is used herein to illustrate what may be called a typical major California disturbance, and it is this storm and resulting flood that I wish to consider in some detail and also to make such comparisons and contrasts with Eastern floods as seem to be of general interest.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR022i001p00124","usgsCitation":"Boyt, W., 1941, Factors influencing runoff during the flood of December, 1937, in northern California: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 22, no. 1, p. 124-129, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR022i001p00124.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"124","endPage":"129","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":378461,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.134521484375,\n 37.47485808497102\n ],\n [\n -120.498046875,\n 37.47485808497102\n ],\n [\n -120.498046875,\n 40.18726672309203\n ],\n [\n -124.134521484375,\n 40.18726672309203\n ],\n [\n -124.134521484375,\n 37.47485808497102\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boyt, W.G.","contributorId":240765,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyt","given":"W.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":798924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2988,"text":"wsp846 - 1940 - Natural water loss in selected drainage basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:36","indexId":"wsp846","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1940","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"846","title":"Natural water loss in selected drainage basins","docAbstract":"Determinations of areal rainfall, run-off, and water loss, comprising largely evaporation from land surfaces and transpiration by vegetation, are essential in indicating the hydrologic characteristics of river basins. \r\n\r\nThis report is primarily a statistical study that presents the results of computations of annual water loss, or annual rainfall minus annual run-off, for river basins in the humid or semiarid regions east of the Rocky Mountains. The basic period for which the computations are made is the water year or year ending September 30. \r\n\r\nAs it is impractical to present in this report all the basic data used in arriving at the results, only sample computations are given. The various steps in the computations and the probable accuracy of the results are discussed. The drainage areas for which data are presented are those above river-measuring stations that have records for 3 years or more. For each area there are determinations of annual rainfall, annual run-off, and annual water loss for each year of record .as well as the means for the period of record. Results are given for about 200 drainage areas with an aggregate period of record of more than 2,000 years. As an illustration of the magnitude involved, the annual water loss from the eastern streams draining directly into the Atlantic Ocean varies more or less closely with latitude from about 20 inches as an average in northern New England to about 30 inches in Georgia. \r\n\r\nAs the annual water loss from a basin is affected by the temperature, a supplemental study was made of the relation between water loss and temperature. For 28 drainage areas selected in various parts 8f eastern and central United States, average temperatures were computed for each year of the period shown in table 1. The results indicate a relation between average annual water loss and average annual temperature.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp846","usgsCitation":"Williams, G.R., 1940, Natural water loss in selected drainage basins: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 846, iv, 62 p. :ill., map ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp846.","productDescription":"iv, 62 p. :ill., map ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139445,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0846/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29760,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0846/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fba7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Gordon R.","contributorId":51729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70174986,"text":"70174986 - 1940 - Geology and ground-water resources of the \"Equus beds\" area in south central Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-26T09:52:10","indexId":"70174986","displayToPublicDate":"1940-11-27T18:30:00","publicationYear":"1940","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology and ground-water resources of the \"Equus beds\" area in south central Kansas","docAbstract":"This paper summarizes the results of a detailed investigation by the U. S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Kansas State Geological Survey, Kansas State Board of Health, and the City of Wichita. The geology of the area has been remapped, and several new formations have been established, including the Emma Creek formation of middle and upper Pliocene age, and a thick loess deposit. The hydrologic studies involved extensive test drilling and resulted in the development of a new groundwater supply for the City of Wichita.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists, Inc","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.35.7.839","usgsCitation":"Lohman, S.W., and Frye, J.C., 1940, Geology and ground-water resources of the \"Equus beds\" area in south central Kansas: Economic Geology, v. 35, no. 7, p. 839-866, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.35.7.839.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"839","endPage":"866","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325625,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","county":"Harvey County, McPherson County, Reno County, Sedgwick County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-97.3722,38.1744],[-97.1538,38.1745],[-97.1537,38.0879],[-97.1528,37.9129],[-97.1514,37.4764],[-97.8068,37.4746],[-97.8075,37.7108],[-97.8073,37.7335],[-97.8416,37.7337],[-98.4666,37.7345],[-98.4666,37.8252],[-98.4718,37.8256],[-98.4735,38.0677],[-98.4734,38.103],[-98.4734,38.1184],[-98.474,38.1737],[-98.2176,38.1734],[-98.2171,38.1598],[-98.1421,38.1592],[-98.1427,38.1732],[-97.922,38.1737],[-97.9213,38.2607],[-97.9242,38.2608],[-97.9262,38.5227],[-97.9261,38.6102],[-97.372,38.61],[-97.3722,38.1744]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Harvey\",\"state\":\"KS\"}}]}","volume":"35","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1940-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"579889b5e4b0589fa1c6ba58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lohman, Stanley William","contributorId":53361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lohman","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frye, John Chapman","contributorId":48025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frye","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"Chapman","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70213822,"text":"70213822 - 1940 - Ground‐water recharge in areas of deep water‐table in the Great Plains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-18T21:00:35.5027","indexId":"70213822","displayToPublicDate":"1940-09-18T13:41:29","publicationYear":"1940","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground‐water recharge in areas of deep water‐table in the Great Plains","docAbstract":"It is unanimously agreed, I think, that of the water which falls upon the Earth's surface, a part runs off toward the sea, a part is at least temporarily detained, a part of it evaporates, and a part sinks beneath the ground‐surface. But among students of that water which sinks beneath the Earth's surface, complete agreement as to the course it then takes has not always prevailed. Ground‐water hydrologists have assumed that water can and does reach the water‐table by descending through a great thickness of subsoil in the semi‐arid upland divides of the Great Plains. But many students of soil‐moisture and its use by vegetation in the Great Plains have concluded from their soil‐moisture sampling that water does not descend to the water‐table where the depth to the water‐table is great. Thus Cole and Mathews state in Technical Bulletin 637 of the United States Department of Agriculture, page 69, that “It can be safely said, however, that on the short‐grass land of the Great Plains there is no penetration of upland surface‐water to the water‐table.”
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR021i002p00570","usgsCitation":"Cady, R., 1940, Ground‐water recharge in areas of deep water‐table in the Great Plains: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 21, no. 2, p. 570-574, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR021i002p00570.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"570","endPage":"574","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":378573,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","county":"Box Butte County, Keith County","otherGeospatial":"Great Plains","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-102.7742,42.4402],[-102.7499,42.4394],[-102.7498,42.3576],[-102.7477,42.3531],[-102.7476,42.2708],[-102.7428,42.1809],[-102.7431,42.0923],[-102.7035,42.0922],[-102.6989,42.0051],[-102.8149,42.0026],[-102.936,42.0022],[-103.0521,42.0027],[-103.1689,42.0021],[-103.3605,42.0037],[-103.3995,42.004],[-103.4012,42.0903],[-103.4457,42.0905],[-103.4438,42.176],[-103.4432,42.2646],[-103.4444,42.4387],[-103.361,42.4377],[-103.2416,42.4376],[-103.0893,42.4381],[-102.8885,42.4391],[-102.7742,42.4402]]],[[[-101.2702,41.3959],[-101.2688,41.0488],[-101.2487,41.0476],[-101.248,41.005],[-101.3618,41.0035],[-102.0504,41.0037],[-102.0505,41.0477],[-102.0542,41.0481],[-102.0556,41.2214],[-102.0551,41.3939],[-101.9853,41.3955],[-101.4055,41.3954],[-101.2702,41.3959]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Box Butte\",\"state\":\"NE\"}}]}","volume":"21","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cady, R.C.","contributorId":44905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cady","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70213789,"text":"70213789 - 1940 - Committee on glaciers, 1939–40","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-18T21:08:36.376557","indexId":"70213789","displayToPublicDate":"1940-09-18T12:20:09","publicationYear":"1940","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Committee on glaciers, 1939–40","docAbstract":"The Committee on Glaciers is now composed of the following members: Harry Fielding Reid, Professor Emeritus of Geology, Johns Hopkins University, 608 Cathedral Street, Baltimore, Maryland; William H. Hobbs, Professor Emeritus of Geology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Lawrence Martin, Chief of the Division of Maps, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.; J. E. Church, Professor of Meteorology, Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada; Wm. Osgood Field, Jr., Explorer, 18 West Twelfth Street, New York, N.Y.; Earl A. Trager, Chief of the Naturalist Division, National Park Service, Washington, D.C.; Oliver Kehrlein, Chairman, Committee on Glacier Studies, 1050 Mills Tower, 220 Bush Street, San Francisco, California; Kenneth N. Phillips, Associate Hydraulic Engineer, Water Resources Branch, United States Geological Survey, Chairman, Research Committee of the Mazamas, 606 Post‐Office Building, Portland, Oregon; William S. Cooper, Professor of Botany, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Gerald FitzGerald, Senior Topographic Engineer, Alaska Branch, United States Geological Survey, Washington, D.C.; Lawrence M. Gould, Professor of Geology, Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota; François E. Matthes (Chairman), Senior Geologist, Section of Glacial Geology, United States Geological Survey, Washington, D.C.
The international relations of the Committee have changed somewhat during the past year as a result of the consolidation of the International Commission of Glaciers with the International Commission of Snow. That consolidation was effected by the International Association of Scientific Hydrology (to which both commissions belonged) at the triennial meeting in Washington, in September, 1939. Inasmuch as the membership of the new International Commission of Snow and Glaciers comprises the personnel of the two former commissions, our Committee on Glaciers now automatically is represented on the new International Commission by four men—Church, Hobbs, Gould, and Matthes. Moreover, Church is acting President, and it is understood that he will become President as soon as the political situation in Europe permits the holding of a formal election of officers at which all nations interested can exercise their right of voting
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR021i002p00396","usgsCitation":"Matthes, F.E., 1940, Committee on glaciers, 1939–40: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 21, no. 2, p. 396-406, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR021i002p00396.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"396","endPage":"406","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":378565,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Matthes, Francois E.","contributorId":97963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matthes","given":"Francois","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}