Seismic-refraction and electrical-resistivity measurements made along the walls of the Straight Creek Tunnel pilot bore indicate that both a low-velocity and a high-resistivity layer exist in the disturbed rock surrounding the excavation. Seismic measurements were analyzed to obtain the thickness and seismic velocity of rock in the low-velocity layer, the velocity of rock behind the layer and the amplitude of seismic energy received at the detectors. Electrical-resistivity measurements were analyzed to obtain the thickness and electrical resistivity of the high-resistivity layer and the resistivity of rock behind the layer. The electrical resistivity and the seismic velocity of rock at depth, the thickness of rock in the low-velocity layer, and the relative amplitude of seismic energy were correlated against the following parameters, all of which are important in tunnel construction: height of the tension arch, stable vertical rock load, rock quality, rate of construction and cost per foot, percentage of lagging and blocking, set spacing, and type and amount of steel support required, The correlations were statistically meaningful, having correlation coefficients ranging in absolute value from about 0·7 to nearly 1·0. This finding suggests the possibility of predicting parameters of interest in tunnel construction from geophysical measurements made in feeler holes drilled ahead of a working face. Predictions might be based on correlations established either during the early stages of construction or from geophysical surveys in other tunnels of similar design in similar geologic environments.
Geologic evidence suggests that a series of ultramafic complexes of the ‘Duke Island type’ located along a 560 km-long belt in southeastern Alaska crystallized from magmas of ultramafic composition. Some geologists have proposed that these magmas were derived by fractional fusion of ultramafic material in the upper mantle. The87Sr/86Sr ratios, corrected for growth of radiogenic87Sr, in total rock samples and in minerals from four ultramafic complexes range from 0.7026 to 0.7068, and the K/Rb ratios in total rock samples range from 300 to 1200. Other workers have reported that the isotopic composition of strontium in alpine peridotites is significantly different from that of oceanic volcanic rocks, but the87Sr/86Sr ratios of the Alaskan ultramafites and of oceanic volcanic rocks are similar.
Basic water data on the lower Santiam River basin is preliminary to a comprehensive hydrologic study of this productive and intensely irrigated area where expanding population and industry increases the demand for water. Highest yielding wells are in shallow alluvial aquifers near the main streams; yields range from several hundred to more than a thousand gpm. Wells in lacustrine and older alluvial aquifers that underlie low, flat terraces have yields from a few tens to a few hundred gpm. Wells in the Salem Hills and in the Cascade Range foothills yield moderate to small quantities of water and tap a variety of geologic units. Tabulated material includes records of representative wells, drillers' logs, and chemical and spectrographic analyses of the ground water.
","language":"English","publisher":"State of Oregon","usgsCitation":"Helm, D.C., 1968, Records of wells, water levels, and chemical quality of water in the lower Santiam River basin, middle Willamette Valley, Oregon: Ground Water Report 13, ii, 186 p.","productDescription":"ii, 186 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326677,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":379286,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/title/records-of-wells-water-levels-and-chemical-quality-of-water-in-the-lower-santiam-river-basin-middle-willamette-valley-oregon/oclc/981926200&referer=brief_results"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Willamette Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.28308105468749,\n 44.07574700247845\n ],\n [\n -122.420654296875,\n 44.07574700247845\n ],\n [\n -122.420654296875,\n 45.57944511437787\n ],\n [\n -123.28308105468749,\n 45.57944511437787\n ],\n [\n -123.28308105468749,\n 44.07574700247845\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b58b58e4b03bcb0104bc61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Helm, Donald C.","contributorId":49792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helm","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011658,"text":"70011658 - 1968 - Basalts dredged from the Amirante ridge, western Indian ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-29T16:36:23.780474","indexId":"70011658","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1372,"text":"Deep-Sea Research and Oceanographic Abstracts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Basalts dredged from the Amirante ridge, western Indian ocean","docAbstract":"Oceanic tholeiitic basalts were dredged from 2500 to 3000 m depth on each flank of the Amirante Ridge, 1200 km southeast of Somalia in the western Indian Ocean, by R.V. Argo in 1964. One sample, probably shed from a flow or dike in basement beneath the coralline cap, gave a wholerock K-Ar age of 82±16×106 years. The age is similar to those reported by others for agglomerate from Providence Reef, nearer Madagascar, and for gabbro from Chain Ridge, the southwest member of Owen Fracture Zone, nearer the Somali coast. The Amirante Cretaceous-Early Tertiary occurrence lies between the “continental” 650 × 106 years granites of Seychelles Archipelago and the large Precambrian “continental” block of Madagascar.
Trends of major structures and distribution of the related topographic and magnetic-anomaly lineations in 7–8 × 106 km2of the surrounding Indian Ocean suggest that in addition to spreading of the seafloor from the seismically-active Mid-Indian Ocean Ridge-Carlsberg Ridge complex there has been, since mid-Mesozoic time, distributed left-lateral shear along 52°–54°E that has moved Madagascar at least 700 km south relative to Seychelles Bank. Measurements by other indicate the absolute movement of Madagascar has been southward as well. The emplacement of oceanic tholeiitic basalts at shallow depth, the development of volcanic topography between the sedimented Somali and Mascarene basins, and the existence of the faulted Amirante Trench and Ridge are consequences of the displacement.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0011-7471(68)90061-2","issn":"00117471","usgsCitation":"Fisher, R., Engel, C., and Hilde, T., 1968, Basalts dredged from the Amirante ridge, western Indian ocean: Deep-Sea Research and Oceanographic Abstracts, v. 15, no. 5, p. 521-534, https://doi.org/10.1016/0011-7471(68)90061-2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"521","endPage":"534","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221538,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Amirante ridge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 43.154296875,\n -18.312810846425442\n ],\n [\n 67.763671875,\n -18.312810846425442\n ],\n [\n 67.763671875,\n 1.3182430568620136\n ],\n [\n 43.154296875,\n 1.3182430568620136\n ],\n [\n 43.154296875,\n -18.312810846425442\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059efc3e4b0c8380cd4a43c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fisher, R.L.","contributorId":68028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Engel, C.G.","contributorId":18489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engel","given":"C.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hilde, T.W.C.","contributorId":20469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hilde","given":"T.W.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70011488,"text":"70011488 - 1968 - Isotope studies of dolomite formation under sedimentary conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-29T16:58:41.406632","indexId":"70011488","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotope studies of dolomite formation under sedimentary conditions","docAbstract":"Measurements of stable isotope abundances of the carbonate portion of the sediment in Deep Springs Lake, California, indicate the presence of at least three phases: a magnesian calcite, a primary sedimentary dolomite, and a detrital dolomite. The former two have isotopic compositions consistent with precipitation at isotopic equilibrium from waters of the lake area. The measured isotopic fractionation factor between sedimentary dolomite and its interstitial water is 1.0351, which is outside the range possible for calcite-water. This indicates that the dolomite has formed by direct crystallization from solution and not from a caloite precursor without further isotope exchange.
Isotopic and X-ray evidence does not support the contention of Petersonet al. (1966) that Deep Springs Lake dolomite crystals grow by means of a calcite-like surface layer.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(68)90076-8","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Clayton, R., and Jones, B., 1968, Isotope studies of dolomite formation under sedimentary conditions: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 32, no. 4, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(68)90076-8.","productDescription":"20 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220910,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3f8ce4b0c8380cd645ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clayton, R.N.","contributorId":36291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clayton","given":"R.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, B.F.","contributorId":52156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010458,"text":"70010458 - 1968 - Studies in the system MgO-SiO2-CO2-H2O(I): The activity-product constant of chrysotile","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-29T17:04:40.02958","indexId":"70010458","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Studies in the system MgO-SiO2-CO2-H2O(I): The activity-product constant of chrysotile","docAbstract":"Chrysotile dissolves congruently in water according to the reaction: Mg3Si2O6(OH)4c + 5H2Ol = 3Mgaq2+ + 6OHaq− + 2H4SiO4aq. Experimental determination of the activity-product constant of chrysotile, Kchr = [Mg2+]3[OH−]6[H4SiO4aq]2, at 90°C, yields the value of Kchr = 10−49.2 ± 100.5. A synthetic sample and a natural sample from New Idria, California, were used in the determination.
Values of Kchr were calculated for temperatures ranging from 0°C to 200°C, using the thermochemical data of Kinget al. (1967) for chrysotile and antigorite, various solubility data for silica, and ionic partial molal heat capacities estimated by the method of criss and Cobble (1964a). Kchr is 10−54.1 at 0°C, rises to a maximum value of 10−48.5 at approximately 135°C, and is 10−49.1 at 200°C (all values for the three-phase system, chrysotile plus solution plus vapor). The calculated 90°C value is 10−49.1, in excellent agreement with the experimental value; for 25°C, the calculated value is 10−50.8.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(68)90041-0","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Hostetler, P.B., and Christ, C., 1968, Studies in the system MgO-SiO2-CO2-H2O(I): The activity-product constant of chrysotile: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 32, no. 5, p. 485-497, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(68)90041-0.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"485","endPage":"497","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218873,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9c8ae4b08c986b31d42b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hostetler, P. B.","contributorId":107849,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hostetler","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":13719,"text":"Department of Geology, University of Missouri","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":358971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christ, C. L.","contributorId":53906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christ","given":"C. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010827,"text":"70010827 - 1968 - Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of phosphorus(v) pesticides. Part I. Chemical shifts of protons as a means of identification of pesticides","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-29T17:01:40.483647","indexId":"70010827","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":760,"text":"Analytica Chimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of phosphorus(v) pesticides. Part I. Chemical shifts of protons as a means of identification of pesticides","docAbstract":"Correlations of structural and proton chemical-hift data for 40 commercial phosphorus(V) pesticides are reported. Correlations of structure with the phosphorus coupling constants are discussed, and general trends are noted which aid in the use of NMR as a tool for identification and analysis of phosphorus(V) compounds.
A method is described for the determination of palladium down to 4ppb (parts per billion, 109), platinum down to 10 ppb and rhodium down to 5 ppb in 15 g of sample. Fire-assay techniques are used to preconcentrate the platinum metals into a gold bead, then the bead is dissolved in aqua regia and diluted to volume with 1M hydrochloric acid. The solution is analysed by optical emission spectrography of the residue from 200 μl of it evaporated on a pair of flat-top graphite electrodes. This method requires much less sample handling than most published methods for these elements. Data are presented for G-1, W-1, and six new standard rocks of the U.S. Geological Survey. The values for palladium in W-1 are in reasonable agreement with previously published data.
The life history of the landlocked sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, has been described by several authors, the two most recent of which are Applegate and Wigley. The only information on the production of larvae from nests of the sea lamprey was reported by Applegate, who counted the larvae from three nests in the Ocqueoc River, a tributary of Lake Huron. The present report presents data on the hatching success of sea lamprey larvae from 19 nests in two small tributaries of southern Lake Superior and indicates greater production per nest than that recorded by Applegate. Studies were conducted by personnel of the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries on the Little Garlic River, Marquette County, Michigan, and on the Traverse River, Keweenaw County, Michigan.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1968)97[484:POSLLF]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Manion, P.J., 1968, Production of sea lamprey larvae from nests in two Lake Superior streams: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 97, no. 4, p. 484-486, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1968)97[484:POSLLF]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"484","endPage":"486","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132868,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65e426","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manion, Patrick J.","contributorId":99080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manion","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000407,"text":"1000407 - 1968 - Seasonal depth distribution of fish in southeastern Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:05","indexId":"1000407","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1663,"text":"Fishery Bulletin","printIssn":"0090-0656","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal depth distribution of fish in southeastern Lake Michigan","docAbstract":"This study is based on systematic seasonal bottom trawling between 3 and 50 fathoms (5.5 and 91.5 m.) from February to November 1964 and supplementary information from other experimental fishing at additional depths and with other gear. The seasonal depth distribution of eight common species is described, and temperature relations are discussed. Catch records for less common species are mentioned briefly.\r\nAlewives are mostly pelagic during their first 2 years, but many young of the year are on the bottom in the fall, and yearlings occasionally descend to the bottom in substantial numbers in the spring and fall. Adults are mostly on the bottom in the winter and spring, but a significant portion of the population may be at mid-levels in the summer and fall. Bloaters are in midwater during their first 2 years, but usually on the bottom thereafter. Young-of-the-year American smelt are in midwater except in the fall, yearlings are in midwater or on the bottom, and adults are mostly on the bottom.\r\nAlewives, bloaters, smelt, spottail shiners, trout-perch, and yellow perch on the bottom moved into shallower water in the spring and into deeper water in the fall, in response to temperature changes. Slimy sculpins abandoned inshore areas as water warmed in the spring. Fourhorn sculpins showed a slight movement shoreward in the spring, but changed their depth distribution little thereafter to the end of the trawling season.\r\nAlewives showed the greatest seasonal change in distribution. Large concentrations at 40 to perhaps 70 fathoms (73.2-128.0 m.) in mid-March had migrated to water of less than 15 fathoms (27.4 m.) by mid-April. They were in shallow water along shore or in rivers until early summer; then they began a postspawning movement back into deeper water which continued into the fall. Depth ranges in which greatest numbers of other common species occurred, considering all seasons as a whole, were as follows: bloater, 12 to 50 fathoms (21.9-91.5 m.); American smelt, 5 to 17 fathoms (9.1-31.1 m.); spottail shiners, 3 to 15 fathoms (5.5-27.4 m.); trout-perch, 5 to 17 fathoms (9.1-31.1 m.); yellow perch, 3 to 15 fathoms (5.5-27.4 m.); slimy sculpins, 15 to 40 fathoms (27.4-73.2 m.); fourhorn sculpins, 45 to 70 fathoms (82.2-128.0 m.).\r\nWater temperature ranges (A? C.) in which the various species were most abundant in summer were: alewife, 8 to 22; bloater, 6 to 10; smelt, 6 to 14; spottail shiner, 13 to at least 22; trout-perch, 10 to 16; yellow perch, 11 to at least 22; slimy sculpin, 4 to 6; fourhorn sculpin, 4 to 4.5. Fluctuations in inshore water temperatures in the summer caused short-term changes in depth distribution.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fishery Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","collaboration":"Out-of-print","usgsCitation":"Wells, L., 1968, Seasonal depth distribution of fish in southeastern Lake Michigan: Fishery Bulletin, v. 67, no. 1, p. 1-15.","productDescription":"p. 1-15","startPage":"1","endPage":"15","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133129,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db62426f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wells, LaRue","contributorId":75476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"LaRue","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70171226,"text":"70171226 - 1968 - Electrophoretic separation of fish brain esterases","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-25T16:37:04","indexId":"70171226","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2543,"text":"Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Electrophoretic separation of fish brain esterases","docAbstract":"Fish brains were homogenized in an all-glass Potter-Elvehjem-type tissue grinder in 40% sucrose solution. The homogenate concentration was 10 brains/ml for both the bluegill and channel catfish. The brei was centrifuged at 34,700 g for 30 min at 5 C, and 30 J.lliters of the supernatant were used per column for electrophoresis.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f68-135","usgsCitation":"Knowles, C.O., Arurkar, S.K., and Hogan, J.W., 1968, Electrophoretic separation of fish brain esterases: Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, v. 25, no. 7, p. 1517-1519, https://doi.org/10.1139/f68-135.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"1517","endPage":"1519","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321691,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5746ccb7e4b07e28b662dc97","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knowles, Charles O.","contributorId":169621,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knowles","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arurkar, Suresh K.","contributorId":169622,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arurkar","given":"Suresh","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hogan, James W.","contributorId":24402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hogan","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1000406,"text":"1000406 - 1968 - Daytime distribution of Pontoporeia affinis off bottom in Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-18T11:46:25","indexId":"1000406","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Daytime distribution of Pontoporeia affinis off bottom in Lake Michigan","docAbstract":"The vertical migration of the amphipod Pontoporeia affinis in Lake Michigan has been well documented by Wells, Marzolf, and McNaught and Hasler. Wells and Marzolf observed Pontoporeia off bottom only at night. McNaught and Hasler, however, found Pontoporeia above the bottom shortly after noon in a 24-hr study on 12 June 1965, and some individuals were taken just below the thermocline in all daylight hours in a similar study on 19-20 August. This paper presents evidence that Pontoporeia regularly were present above bottom during the day from April-August 1964. The data for this report were collected during a study of seasonal and depth distribution of larval bloaters (Coregonus hoyi) in Lake Michigan. Sampling was conducted from the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries RV Cisco off Saugatuck, Michigan, at intervals of about 10 days from 9 April to 14 August 1964. A few samples were taken on 22 August and 15 October.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.4319/lo.1968.13.4.0703","usgsCitation":"Wells, L., 1968, Daytime distribution of Pontoporeia affinis off bottom in Lake Michigan: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 13, no. 4, p. 703-705, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1968.13.4.0703.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"703","endPage":"705","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130399,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672a3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wells, LaRue","contributorId":75476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"LaRue","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70009908,"text":"70009908 - 1968 - Spectrographic date on cores from the Pacific Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-29T17:10:20.839607","indexId":"70009908","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spectrographic date on cores from the Pacific Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"Average quantitative spectrographic data are presented for V, Ti, Zr, Ni, Co, Sc, Cr and La in the following Pacific deep-sea cores: siliceous ooze (3), red clay (6), volcanic mud (3), calcareous ooze (3) and one manganese nodule, and in 23 near-shore cores, mostly from the Gulf of Mexico.
The effects of mirex on two species of warm-water fishes were studied in three experiments in which the fish were exposed either by feeding a mirex-treated diet, or by treating the holding ponds with a mirex formulation. Bluegills were used in the feeding experiment, where three different levels of mirex were incorporated into the diet and fed to fish held in plastic pools, and in the first pond-exposure experiment, in which the fish were held in earthen ponds treated once with a mirex-corncob grit formulation. The third experiment used goldfish held in earthen ponds which also were treated once with the mirex-corncob grit formulation. In general, higher rates of exposure produced higher whole-body residues of mirex in the fish, and, except in bluegills from the lower-treatment ponds of the first contact experiment and in control fish, whole-body residues increased throughout the terms of these experiments. Soil, water, and vegetation samples from the two contact experiments, although subject to large differences between individual samples, contained relatively unchanging mirex concentrations, illustrating that this chemical is highly resistant to degradation or removal. No mortality or tissue pathology in the bluegills could be ascribed to mirex exposure, but the gills and kidneys of mirex-exposed goldfish showed reactions beginning with the samples taken 56 days after treatment, and the numbers of these fish surviving until termination of this experiment were inversely related to treatment level. Total serum protein and hematocrit percentages had no apparent relationship to treatment levels, nor was mirex exposure a demonstrable factor in growth rates in the contact experiments. However, growth of the bluegills in the highest treatment groups of the feeding experiment was adversely affected. Invertebrate populations seemed not to be affected by the mirex treatment in either of the earthen pond experiments.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1968)97[185:SEOMOT]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Van Valin, C.C., Andrews, A.K., and Eller, L.L., 1968, Some effects of mirex on two warm-water fishes: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 97, no. 2, p. 185-196, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1968)97[185:SEOMOT]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"185","endPage":"196","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321695,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5746ccc2e4b07e28b662dd2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Valin, Charles C.","contributorId":169609,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Van Valin","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andrews, Austin K.","contributorId":85516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"Austin","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eller, Lafayette L.","contributorId":31259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eller","given":"Lafayette","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70171229,"text":"70171229 - 1968 - Role of intestinal microflora in the degradation of DDT by rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-25T16:47:02","indexId":"70171229","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2617,"text":"Life Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Role of intestinal microflora in the degradation of DDT by rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)","docAbstract":"Though liver homogenates show apparent microsomal enzyme DDT-dehydrochlorinase activity, in the intact fish the intestinal microflora play a major role in DDT detoxication. Since the presence of this microflora in fish depends on the recent intake of food (12), the rate of detoxication and hence the toxicity of ingested DDT to the rainbow trout will probably depend somewhat on the available food supply.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0024-3205(68)90338-X","usgsCitation":"Wedemeyer, G., 1968, Role of intestinal microflora in the degradation of DDT by rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri): Life Sciences, v. 7, no. 3, p. 219-233, https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-3205(68)90338-X.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"219","endPage":"233","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321696,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5746ccc1e4b07e28b662dd1a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wedemeyer, Gary","contributorId":169618,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wedemeyer","given":"Gary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70171225,"text":"70171225 - 1968 - Degradation of organophosphates by fish liver phosphatases","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-25T16:33:25","indexId":"70171225","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2543,"text":"Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Degradation of organophosphates by fish liver phosphatases","docAbstract":"Liver homogenates of bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque, and channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Walbaum), were shown by a manometric technique to contain soluble enzymes capable of degrading diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate (DFP) and 2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate (dichlorvos). Hydrolysis of the compounds was greatest in the presence of the manganic ion. Tentative identification of certain of the hydrolysis products suggested that cleavage of the anhydride bond was a degradation pathway for DFP and dichlorvos in vitro under the assay conditions employed. Substrate summation, inhibition, and activation experiments failed to clearly indicate more than a single enzyme hydrolyzing DFP and dichlorvos in the two fish.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f68-142","usgsCitation":"Hogan, J.W., and Knowles, C.O., 1968, Degradation of organophosphates by fish liver phosphatases: Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, v. 25, no. 8, p. 1571-1579, https://doi.org/10.1139/f68-142.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1571","endPage":"1579","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321690,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5746ccb4e4b07e28b662dc69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hogan, James W.","contributorId":24402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hogan","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knowles, Charles O.","contributorId":169621,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knowles","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70171224,"text":"70171224 - 1968 - Some enzymatic properties of brain Acetylcholinesterase from bluegill and channel catfish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-25T16:30:21","indexId":"70171224","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2543,"text":"Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Some enzymatic properties of brain Acetylcholinesterase from bluegill and channel catfish","docAbstract":"Using a manometric technique an acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7, acetylcholine acetyl-hydrolase) was demonstrated in brain tissue from the bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque, and the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Walbaum). The activities were 19 and 37 μmoles acetylcholine hydrolyzed/milligram protein per hour for the bluegill and channel catfish enzymes, respectively. The optimum substrate concentration for the hydrolysis of acetylcholine was 10 mMfor the enzymes from both species. Generally, the catfish acetylcholinesterase was somewhat more susceptible than the bluegill to the inhibitors tested; however, the bluegill enzyme was more susceptible to inhibition by malathion and malaoxon.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f68-059","usgsCitation":"Hogan, J.W., and Knowles, C.O., 1968, Some enzymatic properties of brain Acetylcholinesterase from bluegill and channel catfish: Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, v. 25, no. 4, p. 615-623, https://doi.org/10.1139/f68-059.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"615","endPage":"623","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321689,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5746ccc3e4b07e28b662dd31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hogan, James W.","contributorId":24402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hogan","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knowles, Charles O.","contributorId":169621,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knowles","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70171222,"text":"70171222 - 1968 - The oxidation of drugs by fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-14T16:38:28","indexId":"70171222","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1289,"text":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The oxidation of drugs by fishes","docAbstract":"1. Fish liver microsomal systems have been found to catalyze the hydroxylation of aniline and acetanilide, the N-demethylation of aminopyrine and the O-dealkylation of phenacetin.
2. These systems are similar to the corresponding mammalian enzymes and they may be considered to be mixed function oxidase since they require NADPH and oxygen. An absolute requirement for oxygen, however, was difficult to demonstrate for the hepatic phenacetin cleavage system from fish.
3. Microsomal drug metabolizing systems from fish have temperature optima which are considerably lower than those of corresponding mammalian systems
Static bioassays were conducted to determine the relative acute toxicities of some insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, a defoliant, and a molluscicide to the naiads of three species of stonef!y, Pteronarcys califomica, Pteronarcella badia, and Claassenia sabulosa. Toxic effects were measured by determination of median lethal concn (Lcoo) for 24-, 48-, and 96-hr exposures, at 15.5C. Endrin and dieldrin were the most and DDT the least toxic of the chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides tested. Parathion was the most toxic organophosphate insecticide to P. califomica naiads, but dursban was the most toxic to P. badia and C. sabulosa naiads. Trichlorofon ( Dipterex) was the least toxic to all three species. P. badia, the species of smallest size, was the species most susceptible to most pesticides, followed in descending order of sensitivity by C. sabulosa and P. califomica. Smaller specimens of P. californica naiads were consistently more susceptible to some insecticides than larger specimens of the same species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.4319/lo.1968.13.1.0112","usgsCitation":"Sanders, H.O., and Cope, O.B., 1968, The relative toxicities of several pesticides to naiads of three species of stoneflies: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 13, no. 1, p. 112-117, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1968.13.1.0112.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"112","endPage":"117","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480334,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1968.13.1.0112","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":321694,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5746ccc5e4b07e28b662dd4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanders, Herman O.","contributorId":94355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanders","given":"Herman","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cope, Oliver B.","contributorId":13290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cope","given":"Oliver","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70190815,"text":"70190815 - 1968 - Hydrologic and climatologic data, 1967, Salt Lake County, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-26T15:42:53","indexId":"70190815","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5498,"text":"Utah Basic-Data Release","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"15","title":"Hydrologic and climatologic data, 1967, Salt Lake County, Utah","docAbstract":"An investigation of the water resources of Salt Lake County, Utah, was undertaken by the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey in July 1963. This investigation is a cooperative project financed chiefly by equal contributions of the State of Utah and the Federal Government in accordance with an agreement between the Division of Water Rights, Utah Department of Natural Resources, and the Geological Survey. The investigation was financed during the period covered by this report by the following organizations: Utah Division of Water Rights (formerly State Engineer), Utah Division of Water Resources (formerly Water and Power Board), Salt Lake County, Salt Lake County Water Conservancy District, Central Utah Water Conservancy District, Metropolitan Water District of Salt Lake City, City of Murray, Granger-Hunter Improvement District, Taylorsville-Bennion Improvement District, Holladay Water Company, Magna Water and Sewer District, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, U.S. Geological Survey.
The investigation encompasses the collection and interpretation of a large variety of climatologic, hydrologic, and geologic data in and near Salt Lake County. Utah Basic-Data Releases 11-13 contain data collected through 1966. This release contains climatologic and surfacewater data for the 1967 water year (October 1966 to September 1967) and ground-water data collected during the 1967 calendar year. A similar annual release will contain data collected during the remainder of the investigation, and interpretive reports will be prepared as the investigation proceeds. Organizations that furnished data are acknowledged in station descriptions and footnotes to tables.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, Utah","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with The State of Utah and local organizations","usgsCitation":"Hely, A., Mower, R.W., and Horr, C.A., 1968, Hydrologic and climatologic data, 1967, Salt Lake County, Utah: Utah Basic-Data Release 15, iii, 74 p.","productDescription":"iii, 74 p.","numberOfPages":"81","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345790,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":345789,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waterrights.utah.gov/cgi-bin/docview.exe?Folder=TP21-1-290&Title=Basic+Data+Report+15"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Salt Lake 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G.","contributorId":14401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hely","given":"A. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mower, Reed W.","contributorId":32503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mower","given":"Reed","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Horr, C. A.","contributorId":63940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horr","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":2345,"text":"wsp1859A - 1968 - Ground-water reconnaissance of the Santa Barbara-Montecito area, Santa Barbara County, California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":52612,"text":"ofr67164 - 1967 - Ground-water reconnaissance of the Santa Barbara-Montecito area, Santa Barbara County, California","indexId":"ofr67164","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water reconnaissance of the Santa Barbara-Montecito area, Santa Barbara County, California"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2345,"text":"wsp1859A - 1968 - Ground-water reconnaissance of the Santa Barbara-Montecito area, Santa Barbara County, California","indexId":"wsp1859A","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Ground-water reconnaissance of the Santa Barbara-Montecito area, Santa Barbara County, California"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-13T20:35:14.098526","indexId":"wsp1859A","displayToPublicDate":"1965-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1859","chapter":"A","title":"Ground-water reconnaissance of the Santa Barbara-Montecito area, Santa Barbara County, California","docAbstract":"This is the third interpretive report prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Santa Barbara County Water Agency on the groundwater resources of areas along the south coast of the county. The two previous reports--one by J. E. Upson in 1951 and another by R. E. Evenson, H. D. Wilson, Jr., and K. S. Muir--were on ground-water conditions in the Goleta and Carpinteria basins. The Santa Barbara-Montecito area is between those two basins-the Goleta basin on the west and the Carpinteria basin on the east. This area of about 30 square miles extends from the Pacific Ocean on the south to the Santa Inez Mountains on the north. The city of Santa Barbara and the towns of Montecito and Summerland are within the area. \r\n\r\nThe Santa Barbara-Montecito area is a low-lying flat section of the coastal plain. Farther inland are highlands of consolidated rock and terrace deposits. The highlands are areas of uplift, folding, and faulting, and the lowlands are structural depressions. Most of the urban development in the area has been in the lowlands. The unconsolidated deposits that have partly filled the structural depressions make up the ground-water reservoir of the Santa Barbara-Montecito area. They include the Santa Barbara Formation of Pliocene and Pleistocene age, the Casitas Formation of Pleistocene age, and the alluvium of late Pleistocene and Recent age. These deposits underlie an area of about 20 square miles \r\nand have a maximum thickness of about 2,000 feet. The consolidated rocks of Tertiary age that underlie and form the boundaries of the ground-water reservoir contain ground water in fractures and in sandstone beds. However, the consolidated rocks are not an important source of ground water. \r\n\r\nIn 1959, a year the ground-water basins were full and ground water in storage was at a maximum, storage in the Santa Barbara area was 184,000 acre-feet, and storage in the Montecito area was 97,000 acre-feet. By 1964, in response to below-average recharge and continued withdrawal by pumping, the quantity of ground water in storage in the Santa Barbara area had decreased to 178,000 acre-feet. Because of a reduction in pumpage, there was little change in storage in the Montecito area between 1959 and 1964. \r\n\r\nDeep percolation of rain, seepage from streams, and subsurface inflow from consolidated rocks are the main sources of recharge to the ground-water reservoir in the Santa Barbara-Montecito area. The most important discharge is by pumping.The long-term perennial yield of the ground-water reservoir of the Santa Barbara area is estimated to be 1,700-2,000 acre-feet. Present data are insufficient to accurately determine the perennial yield of the reservoir in the Montecito area, but it is estimated to be about 2,500 acre-feet. \r\n\r\nMost ground water in the Santa Barbara-Montecito area is suitable for general use. However, ground water in some of the consolidated rocks and in the shallow unconsolidated deposits adjacent to the coast is too saline for most uses. Seawater intrusion has occurred in the Santa Barbara area and the western part of the Montecito area. The intrusion, however, is limited to the upper part of the nearshore shallow alluvial deposits and contaminates only wells which were constructed without a near-surface seal.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1859A","usgsCitation":"Muir, K.S., 1968, Ground-water reconnaissance of the Santa Barbara-Montecito area, Santa Barbara County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1859, iv, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1859A.","productDescription":"iv, 28 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137740,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1859a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28265,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1859a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":414045,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25079.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Santa Barbara County","otherGeospatial":"Santa Barbara-Montecito area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.565,\n 34.483\n ],\n [\n -119.77,\n 34.483\n ],\n [\n -119.77,\n 34.397\n ],\n [\n -119.565,\n 34.397\n ],\n [\n -119.565,\n 34.483\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db649dde","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muir, K. 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