Silicified shells with spines preserved allow analysis of spine distribution as a specific character in the genus Marginifera Waagen and confirm validity of Waagen's (1884) six species. The animal lived with the ventral valve down, the adult shell partly buried, but many spines grew above the substrate prior to burial. Pseudopunctae are interpreted as seats of ciliate papillae or elongate setal follicles, as adaptation to partial burial in soft substrate. Auricular chambers, marginal ridges, and endospines provided effective protection against ingression of coarse or harmful particles. Productus opuntia Waagen is assigned to Echinauris Muir-Wood & Cooper; its habitat and adaptations are interpreted as similar to those of Marginifera. The stratigraphic position of the bed containing the late Permian guide ammonoid Cyclolobus proves to be lower than hitherto thought, thus extending the ammonoid's range. A Guadalupe age for the Chhidru formation is suggested.
","language":"English","publisher":"Paleontological Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, Maryland","usgsCitation":"Grant, R., 1968, Structural adaptation in two Permian brachiopod genera, Salt Range, West Pakistan : Journal of Paleontology, v. 42, no. 1, p. 1-32.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"32","numberOfPages":"33","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":368040,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":368038,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/jpaleontol/article/42/1/1/80323/Structural-adaptation-in-two-Permian-brachiopod"}],"country":"Pakistan","otherGeospatial":"West Pakistan","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[75.15803,37.13303],[75.8969,36.66681],[76.19285,35.8984],[77.83745,35.49401],[76.87172,34.65354],[75.75706,34.50492],[74.2402,34.74889],[73.74995,34.3177],[74.10429,33.44147],[74.45156,32.7649],[75.25864,32.27111],[74.40593,31.69264],[74.42138,30.97981],[73.45064,29.97641],[72.82375,28.96159],[71.77767,27.91318],[70.6165,27.9892],[69.51439,26.94097],[70.16893,26.49187],[70.28287,25.72223],[70.8447,25.2151],[71.04324,24.35652],[68.8426,24.35913],[68.17665,23.69197],[67.44367,23.94484],[67.14544,24.66361],[66.37283,25.42514],[64.53041,25.23704],[62.9057,25.21841],[61.49736,25.07824],[61.87419,26.23997],[63.31663,26.75653],[63.2339,27.21705],[62.75543,27.37892],[62.72783,28.25964],[61.77187,28.69933],[61.36931,29.30328],[60.87425,29.82924],[62.54986,29.31857],[63.55026,29.46833],[64.148,29.34082],[64.35042,29.56003],[65.04686,29.47218],[66.34647,29.88794],[66.38146,30.7389],[66.93889,31.30491],[67.68339,31.30315],[67.79269,31.58293],[68.55693,31.71331],[68.92668,31.62019],[69.31776,31.90141],[69.26252,32.50194],[69.68715,33.1055],[70.32359,33.35853],[69.93054,34.02012],[70.8818,33.98886],[71.15677,34.34891],[71.11502,34.73313],[71.61308,35.1532],[71.49877,35.65056],[71.26235,36.07439],[71.84629,36.50994],[72.92002,36.72001],[74.06755,36.83618],[74.57589,37.02084],[75.15803,37.13303]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Pakistan\"}}]}","volume":"42","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grant, R.E.","contributorId":86484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grant","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":772499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70205820,"text":"70205820 - 1968 - Earthquake of August 19, 1966, Varto Area, eastern Turkey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-29T16:21:09.873412","indexId":"70205820","displayToPublicDate":"1968-10-07T11:10:14","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquake of August 19, 1966, Varto Area, eastern Turkey","docAbstract":"The earthquake of August 19, 1966, centered near Varto in eastern Turkey. It occurred at 12:22:09.6 G. M. T. and had a Richter magnitude of about 7. Intensities reached IX. Reportedly, 2,529 people were killed, 1,500 injured, and 19,013 buildings were demolished or heavily damaged.
Surface fractures in three parallel fracture zones trending N65-70°W display both right-lateral strike slip and extension normal to the fractures. The trend and sense of displacement relate the fracturing to the North Anatolia fault system.
Examples of geologic factors influencing damage include: (1) degree of saturation of the alluvium, (2) proximity to landslides, and (3) relation to surface faulting.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0580010011","usgsCitation":"Wallace, R.E., 1968, Earthquake of August 19, 1966, Varto Area, eastern Turkey: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 58, no. 1, p. 11-45, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0580010011.","productDescription":"35 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"45","numberOfPages":"35","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":368036,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Turkey","otherGeospatial":"Near Varto in eastern Turkey","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 41.46240234375,\n 39.169198510602016\n ],\n [\n 41.487979888916016,\n 39.169198510602016\n ],\n [\n 41.487979888916016,\n 39.1810421977843\n ],\n [\n 41.46240234375,\n 39.1810421977843\n ],\n [\n 41.46240234375,\n 39.169198510602016\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"58","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1968-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wallace, Robert E.","contributorId":15570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":772490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1001814,"text":"1001814 - 1968 - Effect of predator reduction on waterfowl nesting success","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-12T16:39:26.323382","indexId":"1001814","displayToPublicDate":"1968-10-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of predator reduction on waterfowl nesting success","docAbstract":"A 6-year study to determine the effect of nest-predator removal on waterfowl nesting success was conducted at the Agassiz National Wildlife Refuge in northwestern Minnesota from 1959 through 1964. Predators were removed from the west side of the Refuge while the east side served as a control area. At the end of 3 years, these areas were reversed to reduce the effects of environmental influences. The effect of predator removal was measured by a simulated nest study to determine predation pressure, a check of natural nest success, and weekly breeding pair and brood counts. Results indicated that 60 percent more Class I ducklings were produced on the units where predator control was conducted. Until more is known, reduction of predators to increase waterfowl nesting success should be limited to intensively managed production areas where substantial nest losses are demonstrated.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3799541","usgsCitation":"Balser, D.S., Dill, H.H., and Nelson, H., 1968, Effect of predator reduction on waterfowl nesting success: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 32, no. 4, p. 669-682, https://doi.org/10.2307/3799541.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"669","endPage":"682","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":133748,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Agassiz National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.08062071899535,\n 48.441308663632356\n ],\n [\n -96.08062071899535,\n 48.20707610545438\n ],\n [\n -95.76928748057993,\n 48.20707610545438\n ],\n [\n -95.76928748057993,\n 48.441308663632356\n ],\n [\n -96.08062071899535,\n 48.441308663632356\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"32","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625327","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Balser, D. S.","contributorId":79436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balser","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dill, Herbert H.","contributorId":40547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dill","given":"Herbert","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nelson, H.K.","contributorId":21489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"H.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5221270,"text":"5221270 - 1968 - Mortality among bobwhites confined to a heptachlor contaminated environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-12T16:31:10.916961","indexId":"5221270","displayToPublicDate":"1968-10-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mortality among bobwhites confined to a heptachlor contaminated environment","docAbstract":"The lethal effects of heptachlor on bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) were studied at the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center during 1962 and 1963. A pair of adult birds was placed in each of 32 wire-covered field pens (20 x 50 x 61/2 ft) in May, 1962, and in 36 additional pens in May, 1963. Heptachlor (technical grade on clay granules) was spread in the pens at rates of1/8, 1/4, 1 1/4 and 2 lb/acre. In 1963 the treated pens were thoroughly soaked with a hose before birds were introduced to avoid the possibility of birds pecking granules. Heptachlor at 1 1/4 and 2 lb/acre caused severe mortality among birds introduced successively during the first 15 days after application. Mortality declined rapidly among birds placed in these same pens thereafter and was undetectable after 45 days. Mortality at 1/4 lb/acre was significant only during the first 15 days of the 1962 test. There was no detectable difference in mortality of the sexes. Water applied to the pens followed by fairly heavy rain did not significantly affect mortality.
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\"}}]}","volume":"32","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4779","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kreitzer, J.F.","contributorId":57170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kreitzer","given":"J.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spann, J. W.","contributorId":93435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spann","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70209020,"text":"70209020 - 1968 - Hornblendes from granitic rocks of the central Sierra Nevada batholith, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-26T13:47:25.051632","indexId":"70209020","displayToPublicDate":"1968-10-01T17:40:39","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2420,"text":"Journal of Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hornblendes from granitic rocks of the central Sierra Nevada batholith, California","docAbstract":"Twenty samples of hornblendes from rocks of 14 plutonic units in the central Sierra Nevada and Inyo Mountains, California, have been studied in detail. Optical, density, single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, and major and minor element chemical data are reported.The compositions of the hornblendes show only limited correlation with the chemistry of the rocks in which they occurred. Hornblendes from granitic rocks of the eastern Sierra Nevada and Inyo Mountains have a wide range of tetrahedral aluminum content which is often as low as three-quarters of an atom per formula unit, whereas hornblendes from younger granitic rocks elsewhere in the Sierra Nevada batholith contain more than one atom of tetrahedral aluminum per formula unit. Because an increase of aluminum in tetrahedral co-ordination is considered indicative of higher temperatures of crystallization, the observed differences in the hornblendes suggest that older plutonic rocks of the batholith may have been metamorphosed regionally or may have been affected by widespread hydrothermal action prior to consolidation of later granitic rocks.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/petrology/9.3.378","usgsCitation":"Dodge, F.C., Papike, J.J., and Mays, R.E., 1968, Hornblendes from granitic rocks of the central Sierra Nevada batholith, California: Journal of Petrology, v. 9, no. 3, p. 378-410, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/9.3.378.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"378","endPage":"410","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":373142,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Central Sierra Nevada Batholith","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.08605957031249,\n 36.28413532741724\n ],\n [\n -117.80639648437499,\n 36.28413532741724\n ],\n [\n -117.80639648437499,\n 37.75768707689704\n ],\n [\n -120.08605957031249,\n 37.75768707689704\n ],\n [\n -120.08605957031249,\n 36.28413532741724\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dodge, F. C. W.","contributorId":18755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodge","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"C. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":784561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Papike, J. J.","contributorId":18488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Papike","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":784562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mays, R. E.","contributorId":52722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mays","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":784563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70221380,"text":"70221380 - 1968 - Hydrogen and oxygen isotope fractionation between ice and water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-11T18:30:07.887758","indexId":"70221380","displayToPublicDate":"1968-10-01T13:26:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2423,"text":"Journal of Physical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrogen and oxygen isotope fractionation between ice and water","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/j100856a060","usgsCitation":"O’Neil, J.R., 1968, Hydrogen and oxygen isotope fractionation between ice and water: Journal of Physical Chemistry, v. 72, no. 10, p. 3683-3684, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100856a060.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"3683","endPage":"3684","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386443,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Neil, James R.","contributorId":70762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neil","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70221388,"text":"70221388 - 1968 - An aquifer test used to investigate a quality of water anomaly","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-14T12:19:40.957799","indexId":"70221388","displayToPublicDate":"1968-10-01T07:16:46","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An aquifer test used to investigate a quality of water anomaly","docAbstract":"An aquifer test and analyses of water samples, showed that the anomalous water quality of a municipal well was caused by leakage from a nearby abandoned well tapping another aquifer.
","language":"English","publisher":"NGWA The Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1968.tb01256.x","usgsCitation":"Jorgensen, D.G., 1968, An aquifer test used to investigate a quality of water anomaly: Groundwater, v. 6, no. 6, p. 18-20, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1968.tb01256.x.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"18","endPage":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386453,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jorgensen, Donald G.","contributorId":19537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jorgensen","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1013766,"text":"1013766 - 1968 - Thyroid hyperplasia of the eastern brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, in Romania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-15T14:05:00.384369","indexId":"1013766","displayToPublicDate":"1968-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thyroid hyperplasia of the eastern brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, in Romania","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1968)97[486:THOTEB]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Radulescu, I., Vasiliu, D., Ilie, E., and Snieszko, S.F., 1968, Thyroid hyperplasia of the eastern brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, in Romania: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 97, no. 4, p. 486-488, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1968)97[486:THOTEB]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"486","endPage":"488","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129559,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Romania","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 21.3391984289772,\n 48.122506498885116\n ],\n [\n 21.3391984289772,\n 45.42640271913365\n ],\n [\n 27.275778816898963,\n 45.42640271913365\n ],\n [\n 27.275778816898963,\n 48.122506498885116\n ],\n [\n 21.3391984289772,\n 48.122506498885116\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"97","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b835","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Radulescu, I.","contributorId":52111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Radulescu","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vasiliu, D.C.","contributorId":11155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vasiliu","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ilie, E.","contributorId":89481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ilie","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Snieszko, S. F.","contributorId":13169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snieszko","given":"S.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70010828,"text":"70010828 - 1968 - The Denver earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-05T20:35:12.184419","indexId":"70010828","displayToPublicDate":"1968-09-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Denver earthquakes","docAbstract":"Disposal of waste fluids by injection into a deep well has triggered earthquakes near Denver, Colorado.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science.","doi":"10.1126/science.161.3848.1301","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Healy, J.H., Rubey, W., Griggs, D.T., and Raleigh, C., 1968, The Denver earthquakes: Science, v. 161, no. 3848, p. 1301-1310, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.161.3848.1301.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1301","endPage":"1310","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218895,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Denver","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.15947058057543,\n 39.87327980269413\n ],\n [\n -105.15947058057543,\n 39.5004369139028\n ],\n [\n -104.78471570307642,\n 39.5004369139028\n ],\n [\n -104.78471570307642,\n 39.87327980269413\n ],\n [\n -105.15947058057543,\n 39.87327980269413\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"161","issue":"3848","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba700e4b08c986b321311","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Healy, J. H.","contributorId":48968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rubey, W.W.","contributorId":6426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubey","given":"W.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Griggs, D. T.","contributorId":88805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griggs","given":"D.","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Raleigh, C.B.","contributorId":40219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raleigh","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70205583,"text":"70205583 - 1968 - Silurian-devonian reef complex near Nowshera, West Pakistan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-27T10:08:16","indexId":"70205583","displayToPublicDate":"1968-09-26T10:01:06","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Silurian-devonian reef complex near Nowshera, West Pakistan","docAbstract":"The first Paleozoic reef belt on the Indo-Pakistan subcontinent has recently been recognized near the town of Nowshera (lat 34°00′ N., long 72°00′ E.) in northern West Pakistan. It consists of nine separate hills aligned in a 15-mile-long, east-west band rising out of the Peshawar alluvial plain. Each hill is composed of one or more reef cores whose thicknesses range from less than 100 feet to more than 700 feet. The reef cores are separated by relatively unfossiliferous carbonate rocks thinner than the reefs.
The reef belt contains a fauna entirely new to Pakistan that has been dated as Early Devonian to to Late Silurian (Ludlovian to Gedinnian). The reef carbonates are the first sediments of possible Silurian age found anywhere in the country and the southernmost Devonian deposits in West Pakistan.
Individual reef cores consist of faunal zones or layers that indicate a gradual growth of the reef mass from relatively quiet water upward into rough water.
The presence of these reefs and correlative fossiliferous carbonate sediments in the Peshawar area suggests that in Silurian and Devonian times much of northern West Pakistan was covered by warm, shallow seas bordered by reefs or containing reef platforms.
The association of these Paleozoic reefs with extensive deposits of fetid black limestones and porous dolomites may indicate economic potential for the accumulation of oil.
","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1968)79[1331:SRCNNW]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Stauffer, K.W., 1968, Silurian-devonian reef complex near Nowshera, West Pakistan: GSA Bulletin, v. 79, no. 10, p. 1331-1350, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1968)79[1331:SRCNNW]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1331","endPage":"1350","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":367726,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Pakistan","otherGeospatial":"Town of Nowshera in northern West Pakistan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 71.62399291992188,\n 33.7117746375995\n ],\n [\n 72.59353637695312,\n 33.7117746375995\n ],\n [\n 72.59353637695312,\n 34.31394984163214\n ],\n [\n 71.62399291992188,\n 34.31394984163214\n ],\n [\n 71.62399291992188,\n 33.7117746375995\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"79","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stauffer, Karl W.","contributorId":20760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stauffer","given":"Karl","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":771738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70010829,"text":"70010829 - 1968 - Argon-40: Excess in submarine pillow basalts from Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-05T20:52:00.789103","indexId":"70010829","displayToPublicDate":"1968-09-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Argon-40: Excess in submarine pillow basalts from Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Submarine pillow basalts from Kilauea Volcano contain excess radiogenic argon-40 and give anomalously high potassium-argon ages. Glassy rims of pillows show a systematic increase in radiogenic argon-40 with depth, and a pillow from a depth of 2590 meters shows a decrease in radiogenic argon-40 inward from the pillow rim. The data indicate that the amount of excess radiogenic argon-40 is a direct function of both hydrostatic pressure and rate of cooling, and that many submarine basalts are not suitable for potassium-argon dating.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.161.3846.1132","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Dalrymple, G.B., and Moore, J., 1968, Argon-40: Excess in submarine pillow basalts from Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: Science, v. 161, no. 3846, p. 1132-1135, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.161.3846.1132.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1132","endPage":"1135","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218896,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.31538163972465,\n 19.432939044191286\n ],\n [\n -155.31538163972465,\n 19.38168576897783\n ],\n [\n -155.25430005642218,\n 19.38168576897783\n ],\n [\n -155.25430005642218,\n 19.432939044191286\n ],\n [\n -155.31538163972465,\n 19.432939044191286\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"161","issue":"3846","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed76e4b0c8380cd4980f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dalrymple, G. Brent","contributorId":55146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dalrymple","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Brent","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, J.G.","contributorId":67496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011590,"text":"70011590 - 1968 - Alga-like forms in Onverwacht Series, South Africa: Oldest recognized lifelike forms on earth","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-05T21:01:18.979547","indexId":"70011590","displayToPublicDate":"1968-09-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Alga-like forms in Onverwacht Series, South Africa: Oldest recognized lifelike forms on earth","docAbstract":"Spheroidal and cupshaped, carbonaceous alga-like bodies, as well as filamentous structures and amorphous carbonaceous matter occur in sedimentary rocks of the Onverwacht Series (Swaziland System) in South Africa. The Onverwacht sediments are older than 3.2 eons, and they are probably the oldest, little-altered sedimentary rocks on Earth. The basal Onverwacht sediments lie approximately 10,000 meters stratigraphically below the Fig Tree sedimentary rocks, from which similar organic microstructures have been interpreted as alga-like microfossils. The Onverwacht spheroids and filaments are best preserved in black, carbon-rich cherts and siliceous argillites interlayered with thick sequences of lavas. These lifelike forms and the associated carbonaceous substances are probably biological in origin. If so, the origins of unicellular life on Earth are buried in older rocks now obliterated by igneous and metamorphic events.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.161.3845.1005","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Engel, A., Nagy, B., Nagy, L., Engel, C., Kremp, G., and Drew, C., 1968, Alga-like forms in Onverwacht Series, South Africa: Oldest recognized lifelike forms on earth: Science, v. 161, no. 3845, p. 1005-1008, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.161.3845.1005.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1005","endPage":"1008","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221601,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"South Africa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 16.23403149846564,\n -28.18718079792832\n ],\n [\n 17.337489849462173,\n -34.352684286192634\n ],\n [\n 19.903057315501314,\n -35.36147281952401\n ],\n [\n 26.835813143276482,\n -34.49822803917185\n ],\n [\n 32.32221346340066,\n -30.230469918789314\n ],\n [\n 33.16643390226105,\n -27.23436389711216\n ],\n [\n 31.285069199514737,\n -26.255019419128487\n ],\n [\n 32.45630967451314,\n -25.053703074909432\n ],\n [\n 30.88958692034025,\n -22.144501081708313\n ],\n [\n 28.658893908087745,\n -22.317673259981017\n ],\n [\n 25.397042642071938,\n -25.025002170367543\n ],\n [\n 23.29228277822293,\n -25.08691998716075\n ],\n [\n 22.206149328916872,\n -25.887190746870708\n ],\n [\n 20.98660287457773,\n -26.48733965606824\n ],\n [\n 20.82351658541989,\n -25.134557854748003\n ],\n [\n 19.983762238796125,\n -25.07959237848911\n ],\n [\n 19.8219419755585,\n -28.32408933927298\n ],\n [\n 18.92885560896601,\n -28.766316671914137\n ],\n [\n 16.948211402831063,\n -28.11548855525143\n ],\n [\n 16.23403149846564,\n -28.18718079792832\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"161","issue":"3845","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e95ae4b0c8380cd4820d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Engel, A.E.J.","contributorId":52246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engel","given":"A.E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nagy, B.","contributorId":47912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagy","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nagy, L.A.","contributorId":85622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagy","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Engel, C.G.","contributorId":18489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engel","given":"C.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kremp, G.O.W.","contributorId":43102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kremp","given":"G.O.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Drew, C.M.","contributorId":53089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drew","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70209023,"text":"70209023 - 1968 - Chronology of intrusion, volcanism, and ore deposition at Bingham, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-11T17:58:17","indexId":"70209023","displayToPublicDate":"1968-09-01T17:52:43","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chronology of intrusion, volcanism, and ore deposition at Bingham, Utah","docAbstract":"Potassium-argon dates for major igneous rock types in the Bingham mining district, Utah, range from 39 to 32 m.y. and suggest that:(1) Plutonism, volcanism, and hydrothermal activity were sequential stages in a magmatic history of about 7 m.y. duration.(2) Latitic volcanic rocks, in part, postdate emplacement of the Last Chance and Bingham stocks.(3) Sulfide mineralization and hydrothermal alteration followed emplacement of the monzonitic stocks and extrusion of at least the earliest units in the volcanic sequence; the time interval between intrusion and alteration was probably less than 1 m.y.(4) The rhyolites of Shaggy Peak, which may represent terminal differentiation products in a comagmatic series, are the youngest igneous rocks in the area.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.63.6.612","usgsCitation":"Moore, W.J., Lanphere, M.A., and Obradovich, J.D., 1968, Chronology of intrusion, volcanism, and ore deposition at Bingham, Utah: Economic Geology, v. 63, no. 6, p. 612-621, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.63.6.612.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"612","endPage":"621","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":373144,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","city":"Bingham","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.19135284423828,\n 40.488215202002614\n ],\n [\n -112.09590911865234,\n 40.488215202002614\n ],\n [\n -112.09590911865234,\n 40.57224011776902\n ],\n [\n -112.19135284423828,\n 40.57224011776902\n ],\n [\n -112.19135284423828,\n 40.488215202002614\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"63","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1968-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, W. J.","contributorId":84334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":784567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lanphere, Marvin A. alder@usgs.gov","contributorId":2696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanphere","given":"Marvin","email":"alder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":784568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Obradovich, J. D.","contributorId":48966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Obradovich","given":"J.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":784569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70209022,"text":"70209022 - 1968 - Distribution of minor elements in ore and host rock, Illinois-Kentucky fluorite district and Upper Mississippi Valley zinc-lead district","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-11T17:51:19","indexId":"70209022","displayToPublicDate":"1968-09-01T17:47:54","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of minor elements in ore and host rock, Illinois-Kentucky fluorite district and Upper Mississippi Valley zinc-lead district","docAbstract":"This paper presents data on the distribution of minor elements in ore and gangue minerals and in adjacent host rock from the Illinois-Kentucky fluorite district and Upper Mississippi Valley zinc-lead district. Comparisons are made of the minor-element abundances between districts and within the paragenetic sequence in individual districts.The ore of the Illinois-Kentucky fluorite district is characterized by greater abundance of minor elements than in other Mississippi Valley deposits, by large fractionation of silver between galena and sphalerite, and by a low ratio of antimony to silver in galena. Silver and antimony are concentrated in the galena and show a marked zonal pattern within the district. Sphalerite is high in cadmium, gallium, and germanium.The Upper Mississippi Valley zinc-lead district differs markedly from the Illinois-Kentucky fluorite district in minor-element concentrations and distribution. The minor elements are much less abundant, and silver is slightly more concentrated in sphalerite than in galena.Several analyses of minor elements in ore minerals from the Southeast Missouri lead district are given for comparison.It is concluded that the minor elements were largely leached from the basement by convective circulation of heated oilfield brine.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.63.6.655","usgsCitation":"Hall, W.E., and Heyl, A., 1968, Distribution of minor elements in ore and host rock, Illinois-Kentucky fluorite district and Upper Mississippi Valley zinc-lead district: Economic Geology, v. 63, no. 6, p. 655-670, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.63.6.655.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"655","endPage":"670","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":373143,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Kentucky","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.296875,\n 36.923547681089296\n ],\n [\n -86.60522460937499,\n 36.923547681089296\n ],\n [\n -86.60522460937499,\n 38.565347844885466\n ],\n [\n -89.296875,\n 38.565347844885466\n ],\n [\n -89.296875,\n 36.923547681089296\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"63","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1968-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, Wayne E.","contributorId":89955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":784565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heyl, Allen V.","contributorId":17678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heyl","given":"Allen V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":784566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":37717,"text":"37717 - 1968 - Big game inventory for 1967","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-24T13:18:45","indexId":"37717","displayToPublicDate":"1968-09-01T13:18:15","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":98,"text":"Wildlife Leaflet","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"481","title":"Big game inventory for 1967","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","collaboration":"Compiled in the Bird and Mammal Laboratories, Division of Wildlife Research.","usgsCitation":"U.S. Division Of Wildlife Research, 1968, Big game inventory for 1967 (Revises Wildlife Leaflet 342 (1952).): Wildlife Leaflet 481, 4 p.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290930,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Revises Wildlife Leaflet 342 (1952).","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57ffcaa8e4b0824b2d174e2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Division Of Wildlife Research","contributorId":128226,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Division Of Wildlife Research","id":529682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":37718,"text":"37718 - 1968 - Fur catch in the United States, 1967","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-22T13:15:35","indexId":"37718","displayToPublicDate":"1968-09-01T13:13:40","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":98,"text":"Wildlife Leaflet","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"482","title":"Fur catch in the United States, 1967","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","collaboration":"Compiled in the Bird and Mammal Laboratories, Division of Wildlife Research.","usgsCitation":"U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, 1968, Fur catch in the United States, 1967 (Revises Wildlife Leaflet BS-140 (1939).): Wildlife Leaflet 482, 4 p.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","temporalStart":"1967-01-01","temporalEnd":"1967-12-31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290716,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Revises Wildlife Leaflet BS-140 (1939).","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57ffcaa8e4b0824b2d174e31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife","contributorId":128149,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife","id":529683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70221433,"text":"70221433 - 1968 - A fossil assemblage from the wicomico formation in Berkeley County, South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-15T18:16:38.281429","indexId":"70221433","displayToPublicDate":"1968-09-01T13:10:24","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A fossil assemblage from the wicomico formation in Berkeley County, South Carolina","docAbstract":"Both megafossils and fossil Foraminifera have been obtained from unconsolidated sediments of the Wicomico Formation, which underlies the Penholoway terrace, a coastal feature that formed when the shoreline of the Atlantic Ocean stood about 70 feet higher than at present. Some of the fossils are Tertiary species and are assumed to have been derived from rocks of that age; the others are species commonly found in near-shore deposits of Quaternary age as well as in present-day south-Atlantic coastal waters. The Penholoway terrace in this area is shown to have been formed during a pause in marine regression from the Wicomico stand, when the sea stood near 100 feet. The relation of the Wicomico and Penholoway terraces to other coastal terraces suggests a Yarmouth age for the fossil-yielding beds.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1968)79[1211:AFAFTW]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Colquhoun, D., Herrick, S.M., and Richards, H., 1968, A fossil assemblage from the wicomico formation in Berkeley County, South Carolina: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 79, no. 9, p. 1211-1220, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1968)79[1211:AFAFTW]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1211","endPage":"1220","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386505,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Berkeley County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.474609375,\n 32.03602003973757\n ],\n [\n -79.56298828125,\n 32.03602003973757\n ],\n [\n -79.56298828125,\n 33.43144133557529\n ],\n [\n -81.474609375,\n 33.43144133557529\n ],\n [\n -81.474609375,\n 32.03602003973757\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"79","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colquhoun, D.J.","contributorId":260292,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Colquhoun","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herrick, Stephen M.","contributorId":42199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herrick","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Richards, H.G.","contributorId":260293,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Richards","given":"H.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70221428,"text":"70221428 - 1968 - Calibration and evaluation of a wide-range gravimetric method for measuring moisture stress","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-15T16:20:55.785847","indexId":"70221428","displayToPublicDate":"1968-09-01T11:18:08","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3419,"text":"Soil Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calibration and evaluation of a wide-range gravimetric method for measuring moisture stress","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.","doi":"10.1097/00010694-196809000-00012","usgsCitation":"McQueen, I., and Miller, R., 1968, Calibration and evaluation of a wide-range gravimetric method for measuring moisture stress: Soil Science, v. 106, no. 3, p. 225-231, https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-196809000-00012.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"225","endPage":"231","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386496,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McQueen, I.S.","contributorId":59774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McQueen","given":"I.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, R.F.","contributorId":83882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70221367,"text":"70221367 - 1968 - Refined molecular structure of the heptamolybdate and hexamolybdotellurate ions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-11T15:51:25.962434","indexId":"70221367","displayToPublicDate":"1968-09-01T10:47:29","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2519,"text":"Journal of the American Chemical Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Refined molecular structure of the heptamolybdate and hexamolybdotellurate ions","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/ja01014a073","usgsCitation":"Evans, H.T., 1968, Refined molecular structure of the heptamolybdate and hexamolybdotellurate ions: Journal of the American Chemical Society, v. 90, no. 12, p. 3275-3276, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01014a073.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"3275","endPage":"3276","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386430,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evans, H. T. Jr.","contributorId":41859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70221366,"text":"70221366 - 1968 - Minor epigenetic, diagenetic, and syngenetic sulfide, fluorite, and barite occurrences in the central United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-11T15:46:19.53654","indexId":"70221366","displayToPublicDate":"1968-09-01T10:39:21","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Minor epigenetic, diagenetic, and syngenetic sulfide, fluorite, and barite occurrences in the central United States","docAbstract":"Metallic sulfides, fluorite, barite, and celestite are widespread in the sedimentary rocks of the central United States. Many occurrences are epigenetic concentrations either in known major mineral districts or in clusters of deposits that warrant further exploration for potential ore. Evaluation of trace-element composition, of fluid inclusions, of depositional temperature, and of isotopic composition of sulfur may help discriminate potentially economic deposits from even more widespread, probably noneconomic, syngeneic occurrences. Known major mineral districts and many promising sulfide occurrences are located along complex major fault systems and particularly over structural domes at intersections of fault systems. Economically promising sulfide deposits occur along a west-trending fault system crossing Kentucky and Missouri near the 38th parallel, particularly at associated cryptoexplosion structures along it, at the intersection of the fault system with the Cincinnati arch. Elsewhere in the central United States, promising sulfide occurrences are located along the crest of the Findlay arch, near Serpent Mound, Ohio, along the northwest-trending Mount Carmel fault in southwestern Indiana, and buried at depth in oil fields of west-central Kansas.Other types of deposits that are productive or may have some future economic interest are locally economic and possibly syngenetic red-bed copper occurrences in Oklahoma, Texas, Kansas, and Pennsylvania. Most widespread are the black shale and pyritic sandstone beds, some of which have been a source of pyrite for sulfur and sulfuric acid in conjunction with coal mining. Bedded barite deposits of possibly diagenetic origin have been mined in Arkansas. Diagenetic siderite concretions containing sulfides and barite were widespread sources of iron in the 19th century.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.63.6.585","usgsCitation":"Heyl, A.V., 1968, Minor epigenetic, diagenetic, and syngenetic sulfide, fluorite, and barite occurrences in the central United States: Economic Geology, v. 63, no. 6, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.63.6.585.","productDescription":"10p.","endPage":"585","numberOfPages":"594","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386429,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1968-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heyl, A. V.","contributorId":70032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heyl","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70206927,"text":"70206927 - 1968 - Observations in deep-scattering layers off Cape Hatteras, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-27T16:40:10","indexId":"70206927","displayToPublicDate":"1968-08-31T16:35:37","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1372,"text":"Deep-Sea Research and Oceanographic Abstracts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observations in deep-scattering layers off Cape Hatteras, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0011-7471(68)90058-2","usgsCitation":"Milliman, J.D., and Manheim, F.T., 1968, Observations in deep-scattering layers off Cape Hatteras, U.S.A.: Deep-Sea Research and Oceanographic Abstracts, v. 15, no. 4, p. 505-507, https://doi.org/10.1016/0011-7471(68)90058-2.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"505","endPage":"507","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":369758,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Cape Hatteras","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.59967041015625,\n 35.775485962767995\n ],\n [\n -76.08032226562499,\n 35.15135442846945\n ],\n [\n -75.93200683593749,\n 34.942236637841184\n ],\n [\n -75.4595947265625,\n 35.185032937998294\n ],\n [\n -75.41015624999999,\n 35.7843988251953\n ],\n [\n -75.59967041015625,\n 35.775485962767995\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milliman, John D.","contributorId":213518,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Milliman","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":38770,"text":"College of William and Mary, Virginia Institute of Marine Science","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":776282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Manheim, Frank T. 0000-0003-4005-4524","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4005-4524","contributorId":20770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manheim","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70175446,"text":"70175446 - 1968 - Ground-water flow related to streamflow and water quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T12:03:05","indexId":"70175446","displayToPublicDate":"1968-08-15T13:15:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground-water flow related to streamflow and water quality","docAbstract":"A ground-water flow system in southwestern Minnesota illustrates water movement between geologic units and between the land surface and the subsurface. The flow patterns indicate numerous zones of ground-water recharge and discharge controlled by topography, varying thicknesses of geologic units, variation in permeabilities, and the configuration of the basement rock surface. Variations in streamflow along a reach of the Yellow Medicine River agree with the subsurface flow system. Increases and decreases in runoff per square mile correspond, apparently, to ground-water discharge and recharge zones. Ground-water quality variations between calcium sulfate waters typical of the Quaternary drift and sodium chloride waters typical of the Cretaceous rocks are caused by mixing of the two water types. The zones of mixing are in agreement with ground-water flow patterns along the hydrologic section.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR004i004p00769","usgsCitation":"Van Voast, W.A., and Novitzki, R., 1968, Ground-water flow related to streamflow and water quality: Water Resources Research, v. 4, no. 4, p. 769-775, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR004i004p00769.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"769","endPage":"775","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326403,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57ada1c7e4b0f412a62dfa7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Voast, Wayne A.","contributorId":91846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Voast","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Novitzki, R.P.","contributorId":73986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Novitzki","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":645257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70221377,"text":"70221377 - 1968 - Correlation of and facies changes in the carbonaceous, calcareous, and dolomitic formations of the precambrian belt-purcell supergroup: Discussion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-11T17:28:02.650736","indexId":"70221377","displayToPublicDate":"1968-08-01T12:23:58","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Correlation of and facies changes in the carbonaceous, calcareous, and dolomitic formations of the precambrian belt-purcell supergroup: Discussion","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1968)79[1093:COAFCI]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Harrison, J.E., and Campbell, A., 1968, Correlation of and facies changes in the carbonaceous, calcareous, and dolomitic formations of the precambrian belt-purcell supergroup: Discussion: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 79, no. 8, p. 1093-1095, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1968)79[1093:COAFCI]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"1093","endPage":"1095","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386440,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harrison, Jack E.","contributorId":52639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrison","given":"Jack","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, Arthur B.","contributorId":29035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Arthur B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70221369,"text":"70221369 - 1968 - The non-colloidal origin of 'colloform' textures in sphalerite ores","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-11T16:19:59.632857","indexId":"70221369","displayToPublicDate":"1968-08-01T11:17:15","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The non-colloidal origin of 'colloform' textures in sphalerite ores","docAbstract":"\"Colloform\" ores have generally been considered to have been deposited as colloidal sulfide gels, and even transported as colloidal \"sols.\" However, studies of doubly polished plates of \"colloform\" sphalerite-wurtzite assemblages from various deposits reveal crystal growth features that cannot have been formed by crystallization from gels, and indicate that most, and perhaps all, grew directly as minute druses of continuously euhedral crystals projecting into an ore fluid. Each of the many textural criteria proposed for recognizing colloidal deposition is shown to be invalid, ambiguous, or inapplicable to these samples, and perhaps also to most other \"colloform\" mineral samples.Four conclusions pertinent to ore research are derived from this study: (1) Primary fluid inclusions in \"colloform\" samples are believed to represent the original ore fluid, not merely a residual fluid from the crystallization of a gel. (2) Although euhedral crystals may possibly grow directly from a sol, several features make a noncolloidal (true solution) ore fluid more probable. (3) Maintenance of the large number of crystal nuclei responsible for the \"colloform\" texture is attributed to relatively high supersaturation, and hence relatively high nucleation and growth rates, for the temperatures involved. (4) Remarkably uniform, regular compositional microbands, traversing many crystals in samples from the east Tennessee, Aachen, and particularly the Pine Point deposits, are tentatively interpreted as annual \"varves.\" No actual growth rates have been determined, but each \"varve\" consists of a dark and a light band, outlining sharply euhedral former crystal growth patterns and suggesting an annual change in the ore fluid due to dilution with surface waters of varying volume or chemistry (e.g., oxygen or organic content).
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.63.5.451","usgsCitation":"Roedder, E., 1968, The non-colloidal origin of 'colloform' textures in sphalerite ores: Economic Geology, v. 63, no. 5, p. 451-471, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.63.5.451.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"451","endPage":"471","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386432,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1968-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roedder, E.","contributorId":100986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roedder","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}