{"pageNumber":"655","pageRowStart":"16350","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16493,"records":[{"id":4337,"text":"cir46 - 1949 - Interpreting ground conditions from geologic maps","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-09T13:01:49","indexId":"cir46","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"46","title":"Interpreting ground conditions from geologic maps","docAbstract":"<p>Intelligent planning for heavy construction, water supply, or other land utilization requires advance knowledge of ground conditions in the area. It is essential to know:</p><ol><li>the topography, that is, the configuration of the land surface;<br></li><li>the geology and soils, that is, the deposits that compose the land and its weathered surface; and<br></li><li>the hydrology, that is, the occurrence of water whether under or on the ground.<br></li></ol><p>These elements usually are considered in planning land developments that involve much investment; detailed surveys generally are made of the topography, geology, soils, and hydrology at the site selected for development. Such detailed surveys are essential, but equally essential and often overlooked is the need for general surveys prior to site selection.</p><p>Only if the general surveys have been made is it possible to know that a particular site is most suitable for the purpose and that no situations in the tributary areas that might affect the project have been overlooked. Moreover, the general regional relations must be known in order to properly interpret the geology, soils, and hydrology at a particular locality. In brief, both the general and the specific are needed in order to avoid costly mistakes either during or after development.</p><p>The accompanying maps illustrate how a general geologic map can be used for interpreting grc .d conditions during a planning stage prior to site selection. The topographic and geologic maps, which provide the basic data, have been simplified from some existing ones. The interpretive sheets are intended to provide some examples of the kinds of information that trained persons can read from such basic maps.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/cir46","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1949, Interpreting ground conditions from geologic maps: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 46, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir46.","productDescription":"14 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":117674,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1949/0046/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31447,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1949/0046/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d9e4b07f02db5dfeb5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":23101,"text":"ofr4972 - 1949 - Ground-water outflow from the Chino Basin, California, and the controlling geologic and hydrologic conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:09","indexId":"ofr4972","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"49-72","title":"Ground-water outflow from the Chino Basin, California, and the controlling geologic and hydrologic conditions","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"United States Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/ofr4972","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Garrett, A.A., and Thomasson, H., 1949, Ground-water outflow from the Chino Basin, California, and the controlling geologic and hydrologic conditions: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 49-72, 143 p.; 19 folded plates., maps ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr4972.","productDescription":"143 p.; 19 folded plates., maps ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156625,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667417","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garrett, A. A.","contributorId":44901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrett","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomasson, H.G. Jr.","contributorId":45694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomasson","given":"H.G.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":2047,"text":"wsp1105 - 1949 - Hydrology of Massachusetts. Part 1, summary of stream flow and precipitation records","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-20T20:01:05.43073","indexId":"wsp1105","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1105","title":"Hydrology of Massachusetts. Part 1, summary of stream flow and precipitation records","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1105","usgsCitation":"Knox, C., and Soule, R.M., 1949, Hydrology of Massachusetts. Part 1, summary of stream flow and precipitation records: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1105, Report: viii, 240 p.; 1 Plate: 29.00 × 22.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1105.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 240 p.; 1 Plate: 29.00 × 22.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394608,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24215.htm"},{"id":27570,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1105/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27569,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1105/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137728,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1105/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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E.","contributorId":91835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knox","given":"C. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Soule, R. M.","contributorId":68289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soule","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":3312,"text":"cir20 - 1949 - Progress report on the geology and ground-water hydrology of the lower Platte River Valley, Nebraska, with a section on the chemical quality of the ground water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-09T12:56:23","indexId":"cir20","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"20","title":"Progress report on the geology and ground-water hydrology of the lower Platte River Valley, Nebraska, with a section on the chemical quality of the ground water","docAbstract":"<p>The occurrence of abundant ground-water supplies in the lower Platte River Valley has made possible the present agricultural and industrial economy of the area. Likewise, the future development of the area is dependent on the wise use of this important resource. The current investigation, on which this report is based, is a necessary step in the planning for the greatest ultimate utilization of the water resources in the lower Platte River Valley.</p><p>The area covered by this study is the floor of the lower Platte River Valley between North Platte and Fremont and embraces about 2,500 square miles. The entire valley floor is underlain by unconsolidated Pleistocene sediments which consist of clay, silt, sand and gravel and range in thickness from less than 20 feet to nearly 200 feet. Westward from Cozad these sediments were deposited in a valley entrenched in bedrock, but east of Cozad they are continuous with similar deposits which underlie the adjacent uplands. Bedrock formations of Tertiary age are in contact with the basal Pleistocene sediments from the west end of the area to about Central City. From Central City eastward, formations of Cretaceous age immediately underlie the Pleistocene deposits.</p><p>The Pleistocene sediments and underlying pervious formations are water saturated below depths which range from less than 1 foot to about 90 feet below the surface. In general, the configuration of the water table is similar to the topography of the land surface, but the relief on the water table is considerably less by comparison. Movement of ground water is either toward the river or parallel to it. Based on present information, movement of ground water out of the valley is not indicated but additional water-level control is needed south of the valley between Grand Island and Columbus to determine the possibility of ground-water loss in this stretch of the valley.</p><p>Periodic observations of water-table fluctuations have constituted an important phase of ground-water studies in the lower Platte River Valley. Examination of water-level data collected by the Geological Survey in cooperation with the Conservation and Survey Division of the University of Nebraska indicates that water levels throughout most of the valley between Gothenburg and Grand Island declined during the 9-year period, December 1930 to December 1939. The maximum net declines observed during this period were a little greater than 4 feet. During the period December 1939 to December 1946, water levels recovered throughout much of the same area; in local areas on the south side of the Platte River between North Platte and Overton water levels rose in excess of 10 feet as a result of seepage losses tram canals and irrigated lands. However, north of Wood River in western Hall County water levels continued to decline to the extent that in at least 3 observation wells water levels in December 1946 were more than 5 feet lower than in December 1930.</p><p>Water levels were measured monthly in 1946 and bimonthly in 1947 in observation wells located throughout the area covered by this report. During this period water levels fluctuated through a range of about 3 feet, the lowest levels being reached in September 1946 and the highest levels being reached in July 1947. Average fluctuations between successive measurements were a little less than 0.4 foot. The amount of ground-water discharge in the summer months of 1947 was approximately double that of the previous summer. However, replenishment to groundwater storage during the fall of 1946 and the spring of 1947 was sufficiently great that the amount of water in storage in the valley as a whole at the end of the 2-year period was essentially equal to the amount in storage at the beginning of the period. At the end of 1947 the Dawson and Buffalo County areas showed gains to storage whereas the remainder of the valley suffered vary slight losses during the same 2 years.</p><p>The quantity of ground water that a water-bearing material will yield is dependent upon the hydrologic properties of the material. Two hydrologic properties of greatest importance are permeability and specific yield. During the course of the present investigation 5 pumping tests were conducted to determine the coefficients of permeability and storage of the Pleistocene deposits. The values of the former range from 955 to 4,925 and the latter tram 0.007. to 0.236 attar 24 hours of pumping.</p><p>The mineral character of the ground water has been determined from analyses of samples, of which 15 represented municipal supplies and 3 were irrigation waters. Ground waters analyzed for this report contained variable amounts of dissolved solids ranging from 240 to 1,060 parts per million, with hardness values above limits considered desirable tor public supplies. The increased concentration of dissolved solids for ground waters in the western part of the valley as a result of return flow conditions, is noted. Ground waters in the valley are discussed as to suitability for municipal and irrigation uses, and analyses of samples do not reveal any serious condition that would adversely affect the use of these waters for the purposes intended. As irrigation increases, periodic chemical analyses of ground waters in this area will be required to evaluate the effects of the re-use of drainage waters and to provide information for salinity control.</p><p>Ground-water supplies are drawn upon extensively for irrigation purposes, for municipal supplies, and for rural, domestic and stock supplies. Nearly 4,000 irrigation wells are known to exist in the area, the greatest concentrations of these being in Dawson, Buffalo, and Hall Counties.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir20","usgsCitation":"Waite, H.A., and Swenson, H.A., 1949, Progress report on the geology and ground-water hydrology of the lower Platte River Valley, Nebraska, with a section on the chemical quality of the ground water: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 20, Report: v, 211 p.; 4 plates: 43.75 x 22.00 inches or less , https://doi.org/10.3133/cir20.","productDescription":"Report: v, 211 p.; 4 plates: 43.75 x 22.00 inches or less ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121311,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1949/0020/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30314,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1949/0020/plate-2.pdf","text":"Plate 5","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 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,{"id":3718,"text":"cir54 - 1949 - Geology and ground-water hydrology of the Angostura irrigation project, South Dakota, with a section on the mineral quality of the waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-04T13:27:41","indexId":"cir54","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"54","title":"Geology and ground-water hydrology of the Angostura irrigation project, South Dakota, with a section on the mineral quality of the waters","docAbstract":"<p>The lands to be irrigated from water stored in the Angostura Reservoir are situated on the lover of two terraces along the southeast side of the Cheyenne River in northeastern Fall River County and on the terrace known as Harrison Plat in southeastern Custer County, S. Dak. The terrace deposits are composed of relatively permeable sands and gravels that rest on a shale bedrock platform. The terrace surfaces are mantled in part by slope wash derived from higher shale slopes and by wind-blown sand. Ground water occurs under water-table conditions in the river alluvium and in terraces above the river. Although the zone of saturation in the terrace deposits is 6enerally thin, it is essentially continuous in the area southeast of the river, and the water issues as springs in the terrace faces along the inner valley of the river and along the valleys of tributary streams cuttin6 back into the terraces. A zone of saturation is present only in part of the Harrison Plat area, and it extends to the terrace face only along Cottonwood Creek. Wells in the unconsolidated mantle rock supply water for domestic and stock purposes, but yields are small. Abundant supplies of artesian water are available at depths ranging up to 3,000 feet but are not now utilized except at the extreme western end of the area where the bedrock aquifer is close below the surface. The effect of applying irrigation water on the terrace lands will depend on the character of the underlying material and on the measures taken to forestall waterlogging and other undesirable effects. Terrace areas that are mantled by slope wash will be especially susceptible to waterlogging, as will valley-bottom areas mantled by colluvium that are adjacent to irrigated terracea. Periodic measurements of water levels in observation wells will give warning of potential waterlogging in time to permit taking preventive measures. Analyses of samples of both ground water and surface water indicate a high mineral content. In general, samples from the Cheyenne River are higher in total dissolved solids and lower in percent sodium than the ground water.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir54","usgsCitation":"Littleton, R.T., and Swenson, H.A., 1949, Geology and ground-water hydrology of the Angostura irrigation project, South Dakota, with a section on the mineral quality of the waters: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 54, Report: v, 96 p.; 2 Plates: 25.96 x 1.52 inches and 26.39 x 11.83 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/cir54.","productDescription":"Report: v, 96 p.; 2 Plates: 25.96 x 1.52 inches and 26.39 x 11.83 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":30776,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1949/0054/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":30777,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1949/0054/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":30778,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1949/0054/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124472,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1949/0054/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -103.4307861328125,\n              43.34315755514772\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.4307861328125,\n              43.536104967254566\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.04008483886717,\n              43.536104967254566\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.04008483886717,\n              43.34315755514772\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.4307861328125,\n              43.34315755514772\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db6841fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Littleton, Robert T.","contributorId":34496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Littleton","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swenson, Herbert A.","contributorId":93461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swenson","given":"Herbert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":51996,"text":"ofr4957 - 1949 - Hydrologic data for pumping test at Levittown, New York, September 16-17, 1949","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-16T21:15:21.70402","indexId":"ofr4957","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"49-57","title":"Hydrologic data for pumping test at Levittown, New York, September 16-17, 1949","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr4957","usgsCitation":"Brashears, M., 1949, Hydrologic data for pumping test at Levittown, New York, September 16-17, 1949: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 49-57, Report: 2 p., 2 Plates: 8.04 x 6.83 inches, 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,{"id":52052,"text":"ofr49114 - 1949 - Ground water in the Cul-de-Sac Plain, Haiti","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-28T10:13:54","indexId":"ofr49114","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"49-114","title":"Ground water in the Cul-de-Sac Plain, Haiti","docAbstract":"<p>The Cul-de-Sac Plain is perhaps the most important agricultural area in Haiti because of its nearness and accessibility to Port-au-Prince, the nation's capital, metropolis, and principal seaport. Most of the agricultural produce consumed in Port-au-Prince as well as a considerable part of that exported from Haiti is grown in the plain.</p><p>Because of variable and poorly distributed rainfall, high temperature, and high evaporation, semiarid climatic conditions prevail in the plain. Irrigation is, therefore, necessary for successful farming. There are no regulatory or storage facilities on the streams that enter the plain, but the mean and low-water stream flow and the discharge of springs are almost entirely appropriated for irrigation. Ground water has been utilized for irrigation to an increasing extent by the Haitian American Sugar Company, which has put down about 100 wells in the plain since 1919.</p><p>Outside the existing irrigated areas of the plain are large tracts of potentially irrigable land that are uncultivated and agriculturally unproductive for lack of water. The object of the present study was to determine the possibilities of bringing these lands into cultivation by irrigation from wells. This study was part of a larger program of the Food Supply Division, Institute of Inter-American Affairs, to increase the production of food in Haiti.</p><p>From September through November 1948 the senior author, a member of the U. S. Geological Survey, spent three months in the field in an investigation of the geology and ground-water resources of the Cul-de-Sac Plain. He was ably assisted by Mr. Rémy C. Lemoine, Haitian engineer-geologist, employed by the Food Supply Division. The field work included principally the geologic mapping of' the plain and the adjacent mountain borders, a ground-water inventory of existing wells and springs, and a general evaluation of significant geologic and hydrologic features.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/ofr49114","collaboration":"Prepared under the auspices of The Institute for Inter-American Affairs","usgsCitation":"Taylor, G.C., and Lemoine, R.C., 1949, Ground water in the Cul-de-Sac Plain, Haiti: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 49-114, Report: 59 p.; Plate: 35.13 x 17.80 inches; 3 Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr49114.","productDescription":"Report: 59 p.; Plate: 35.13 x 17.80 inches; 3 Tables","numberOfPages":"68","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":287726,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr49114.PNG"},{"id":329053,"rank":5,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1949/0114/table-5.pdf","text":"Table 5","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":329054,"rank":6,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1949/0114/table-6.pdf","text":"Table 6","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":287725,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1949/0114/report.pdf"},{"id":329051,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1949/0114/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":329052,"rank":4,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1949/0114/table-4.pdf","text":"Table 4","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Haiti","otherGeospatial":"Cul-de-sac Plain","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-73.18979,19.91568],[-72.57967,19.8715],[-71.71236,19.71446],[-71.62487,19.16984],[-71.7013,18.78542],[-71.94511,18.6169],[-71.68774,18.31666],[-71.7083,18.045],[-72.37248,18.21496],[-72.84441,18.14561],[-73.45455,18.21791],[-73.92243,18.03099],[-74.45803,18.34255],[-74.36993,18.66491],[-73.44954,18.52605],[-72.69494,18.4458],[-72.33488,18.66842],[-72.79165,19.10163],[-72.7841,19.48359],[-73.41502,19.63955],[-73.18979,19.91568]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Haiti\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d9ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, George C. Jr.","contributorId":22767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"George","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":244731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lemoine, Remy C.","contributorId":38476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemoine","given":"Remy","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":244732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":52055,"text":"ofr49117 - 1949 - Statement on the hydrology of pre-Pleistocene (?) aquifers, from a chapter on water resources to be included in a Geological Survey report on the geology of North Utah Valley","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":52055,"text":"ofr49117 - 1949 - Statement on the hydrology of pre-Pleistocene (?) aquifers, from a chapter on water resources to be included in a Geological Survey report on the geology of North Utah Valley","indexId":"ofr49117","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"title":"Statement on the hydrology of pre-Pleistocene (?) aquifers, from a chapter on water resources to be included in a Geological Survey report on the geology of North Utah Valley"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":39721,"text":"pp257A - 1953 - Lake Bonneville: Geology of northern Utah Valley, Utah","indexId":"pp257A","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Lake Bonneville: Geology of northern Utah Valley, Utah"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":39721,"text":"pp257A - 1953 - Lake Bonneville: Geology of northern Utah Valley, Utah","indexId":"pp257A","publicationYear":"1953","noYear":false,"title":"Lake Bonneville: Geology of northern Utah Valley, Utah"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-22T13:44:40","indexId":"ofr49117","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"49-117","title":"Statement on the hydrology of pre-Pleistocene (?) aquifers, from a chapter on water resources to be included in a Geological Survey report on the geology of North Utah Valley","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/ofr49117","usgsCitation":"Thomas, H.E., 1949, Statement on the hydrology of pre-Pleistocene (?) aquifers, from a chapter on water resources to be included in a Geological Survey report on the geology of North Utah Valley: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 49-117, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr49117.","productDescription":"11 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178975,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"North Utah Valley","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4428","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, H. E.","contributorId":12829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":244736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":52058,"text":"ofr49120 - 1949 - Progress report on the geology and ground-water hydrology of the southeastern part of the Oahe-James River area, South Dakota","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":52058,"text":"ofr49120 - 1949 - Progress report on the geology and ground-water hydrology of the southeastern part of the Oahe-James River area, South Dakota","indexId":"ofr49120","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"title":"Progress report on the geology and ground-water hydrology of the southeastern part of the Oahe-James River area, South Dakota"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":52986,"text":"ofr50104 - 1950 - Progress report on the geology and ground-water hydrology of part of the Oahe Unit, James River Division, South Dakota","indexId":"ofr50104","publicationYear":"1950","noYear":false,"title":"Progress report on the geology and ground-water hydrology of part of the Oahe Unit, James River Division, South Dakota"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":52986,"text":"ofr50104 - 1950 - Progress report on the geology and ground-water hydrology of part of the Oahe Unit, James River Division, South Dakota","indexId":"ofr50104","publicationYear":"1950","noYear":false,"title":"Progress report on the geology and ground-water hydrology of part of the Oahe Unit, James River Division, South Dakota"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:27","indexId":"ofr49120","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"49-120","title":"Progress report on the geology and ground-water hydrology of the southeastern part of the Oahe-James River area, South Dakota","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr49120","usgsCitation":"Waring, G., 1949, Progress report on the geology and ground-water hydrology of the southeastern part of the Oahe-James River area, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 49-120, 192 p., 2 volumes, 4 plates, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr49120.","productDescription":"192 p., 2 volumes, 4 plates","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":179067,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65dc51","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waring, Gerald A.","contributorId":88341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waring","given":"Gerald A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":244742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":52059,"text":"ofr49121 - 1949 - Progress report on the geology and ground-water hydrology of the Lower Missouri-Souris Unit; Part 1, Crosby-Mohall area, North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-04T22:34:32.881613","indexId":"ofr49121","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"49-121","title":"Progress report on the geology and ground-water hydrology of the Lower Missouri-Souris Unit; Part 1, Crosby-Mohall area, North Dakota","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Crosby-Mohall area covers about 2,700 square miles in the north-</span><span>western part of North Dakota. This area is included in the 2,500,000-acre </span><span>Missouri-Souris and Garrison Diversion irrigation projects,which are im</span><span>portant units in the general plans for development of the water resources </span><span>of the Missouri River Basin. Although the Crosby-Mohall area lies outside </span><span>the drainage basin of the Missouri River, plans have been made for the </span><span>irrigation of about 1,000,0)0 acres (equivalent to 1,560 square miles) of </span><span>the most suitable land, with water brought by canal from the Missouri River </span><span>in Montana. </span></p><p><span>The studies that have been undertaken in the area by the Division of Ground Water&nbsp;of the United States Geological Survey form a part of the investigations which have been initiated by the Survey and several other bureaus of the Department of the Interior, especially the Bureau of Reclamation. The studies on which the present report is bas2 were made during the field seasons of 1945, 1946 and 1947, to obtain information on the occurrence, movement, quantity, and quality of the ground water. The report contains data on the several kinds of water-bearing materials, water analyses, and well logs; the records of fluctuation of water level in about 400 wells; and an inventory of 4,636 wells and test holes. </span></p><p><span>Later studies for the whole of the Missouri-Souris Unit will supply additional data on ground-water levels and piezometric surfaces, more extensive information on quality of water, a complete inventory of wells, and further geologic information relating to ground-water supplies. Other work that is planned also includes the drilling of additional test holes and the analysis of water samples from representative wells throughout the area. </span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr49121","usgsCitation":"Waring, G., and LaRocque, G., 1949, Progress report on the geology and ground-water hydrology of the Lower Missouri-Souris Unit; Part 1, Crosby-Mohall area, North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 49-121, Report: iv, 560 p.; 13 Plates: 11.82 x 9.70 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr49121.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 560 p.; 13 Plates: 11.82 x 9.70 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":179068,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1949/0121/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":383966,"rank":16,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1949/0121/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":383965,"rank":15,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1949/0121/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":383964,"rank":14,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1949/0121/plate-11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":383963,"rank":13,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1949/0121/plate-12.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":383962,"rank":12,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1949/0121/plate-13.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":383961,"rank":11,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1949/0121/plate-2-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":383960,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1949/0121/plate-2-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":383959,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1949/0121/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":383958,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1949/0121/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":383957,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1949/0121/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":383956,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1949/0121/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":383955,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1949/0121/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":383954,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1949/0121/plate-8.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":383953,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1949/0121/plate-9.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":383952,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1949/0121/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","city":"Crosby, Mohall","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -103.458251953125,\n              48.69821216562637\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.22802734375,\n              48.69821216562637\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.22802734375,\n              49.001843917978526\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.458251953125,\n              49.001843917978526\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.458251953125,\n              48.69821216562637\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65de2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waring, Gerald A.","contributorId":88341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waring","given":"Gerald A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":244744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LaRocque, G.A. Jr.","contributorId":22837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaRocque","given":"G.A.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":244743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":52037,"text":"ofr4999 - 1949 - Results and description of test drilling in Argenta Swamp near Battle Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-03T08:50:41","indexId":"ofr4999","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"49-99","title":"Results and description of test drilling in Argenta Swamp near Battle Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"<p>In June 1949, the U. S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the State Engineer of Nevada, as part of the State-wide ground-water studies, drilled a test well on the flood plain of the Humboldt River about 4 miles northeast of Battle Mountain. This well was drilled for the purpose of obtaining information concerning the geologic and hydrologic character of the sediments underlying the flood plain, and the quality of the water in those sediments. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr4999","usgsCitation":"Phoenix, D.A., 1949, Results and description of test drilling in Argenta Swamp near Battle Mountain, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 49-99, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr4999.","productDescription":"10 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":348158,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1949/0099/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":179575,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1949/0099/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Battle Mountain","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b43d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phoenix, David A.","contributorId":79156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phoenix","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":244707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70215507,"text":"70215507 - 1949 - Report of the Committee on Runoff, 1948–1949","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-21T17:40:29.921015","indexId":"70215507","displayToPublicDate":"1949-10-21T12:34:54","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Report of the Committee on Runoff, 1948–1949","docAbstract":"<p>Because of the widely scattered locations of the membership, no assembled meeting of the Committee was held during the year, all discussions being held by correspondence. Consideration was given to three subjects during the year: (1) standardization of terminology as related to runoff (continued from previous year), (2) deficiencies in hydrologic research, and (3) current programs of hydrologic research.</p><p>With respect to terminology, the wide divergence of opinion among committee members with respect to the definition of terms fairly common in hydrologic literature emphasizes the need for more uniformity. Various authors use the same terms to describe slightly different runoff phenomena. The Committee, while unable to agree at this date on recommended definitions, urges writers to restrict their terminology so far as practicable to that previously used. Nothing is gained by inventing a new name for a phenomenon which has already been satisfactorily named by a previous writer. On the other hand, precise definitions are necessary to proper understanding, and loose usage of runoff terms only destroys their usefulness. Where any question as to the intended definition exists, it is preferable for the author to present his definition until better agreement as to the accepted definition has been reached.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR030i006p00911","usgsCitation":"McDonald, C.C., 1949, Report of the Committee on Runoff, 1948–1949: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 30, no. 6, p. 911-915, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR030i006p00911.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"911","endPage":"915","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":379600,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McDonald, C. C.","contributorId":69204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":802564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70215463,"text":"70215463 - 1949 - Report of the Committee on Groundwater, 1946–1948","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-20T20:08:14.955398","indexId":"70215463","displayToPublicDate":"1949-10-20T15:01:08","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Report of the Committee on Groundwater, 1946–1948","docAbstract":"<p><span>No report of the Committee was prepared for the fiscal year 1946–1947, so the present report covers the two‐year period July 1, 1946 through June 30, 1948. Because of space limitations, fits report covers only items of research that have come to the attention of the Chairman. Reports m Hydrology and physiography of limestone terranes, by A. C. Swinnerton, and on The relation between comsumptive use of water and free‐water accretion below the root zone, by G‐ W. Musgrave, are given as Appendices A and B respectively.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR030i004p00598-2","usgsCitation":"Lohman, S.W., 1949, Report of the Committee on Groundwater, 1946–1948: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 30, no. 4, p. 598-600, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR030i004p00598-2.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"598","endPage":"600","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":379561,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lohman, S. W.","contributorId":45318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lohman","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":802242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1060,"text":"wsp1046 - 1948 - Texas floods of 1940","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-22T10:32:14","indexId":"wsp1046","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1948","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1046","title":"Texas floods of 1940","docAbstract":"<p>Floods occurred in Texas during, June, July, and November 1940 that exceeded known stages on many small streams and at a few places on the larger streams. Stages at several stream-gaging stations exceeded the maximum known at those places since the collection of daily records began. A storm, haying its axis generally on a north-south line from Cameron to Victoria and extending across the Brazos, Colorado, Lavaca, and Guadalupe River Basins, caused heavy rainfall over a large part of south-central Texas. The maximum recorded rain of 22.7 inches for the 2-day period June 29-30 occurred at Engle. Of this amount, 17.5 inches fell in the 12-hour period between 8 p.m. June 29, and 8 a.m. June 30. Light rains fell at a number of places on June 28, and additional light rains fell at many places within the area from July 1 to 4. During the period June 28 to July 4 more than 20 inches of rain fell over an area of 300 square miles, more than 15 inches over 1,920 square miles, and more than 10 inches over 5,100 square miles. The average annual rainfall for the area experiencing the heaviest rainfall during this storm is about 35 inches. Farming is largely confined to the fertile flood plains in much of the area subjected to the record-breaking floods in June and July. Therefore these floods, coming at the height of the growing season, caused severe losses to crops. Much damage was done also to highways and railways. The city of Hallettsville suffered the greatest damage of any urban area. The Lavaca River at that place reached a stage 8 feet higher than ever known before, drowned several people, destroyed many homes, and submerged almost the entire business district. The maximum discharge there was 93,100 second-feet from a drainage area of 101 square miles. Dry Creek near Smithville produced a maximum discharge of 1,879 second-feet from an area of 1.48 square miles and a runoff of 11.3 inches in a 2-day period from a rainfall of 19.5 inches. The area in the Colorado River Basin between Smithville and La Grange, amounting to 550 square miles, had an average rainfall of 19.3 inches, of which 11.5 inches appeared as runoff. The maximum discharge at La Grange was 182,000 second-feet, with much the greater part coming from below Smithville. This is probably a record-breaking flood for the area between Smithville and La Grange, but stages as much as 16 feet higher have occurred at La Grange. Heavy rainfall over the east half of Texas November 21-26 caused large floods in all streams in Texas east of the Guadalupe River. The maximum recorded rainfall for the 2-day period November 24-25 was 20.46 inches at Hempstead, of which 16.00 inches fell in 24 hours or less. The storm occurred during the period November 20-26, with the greater part of the rain falling November 23-25. During the period November 20-26, rainfall in Texas amounted to more than 15 inches over an area of 3,380 square miles, and 'to more than 10 inches over an area of 17,570 square miles. The average annual rainfall for the area in Texas experiencing more than 10 inches of rain during this storm ranges from 501 inches on the east border of the State to 35 inches near the west edge of the area. The study of this storm for the purposes of this report is limited to the San Jacinto River Basin, which had an average rainfall of 13.6 inches. This basin has an area of 2,791 square miles above the gaging station near Huffman and is typical in topographic and hydrologic features of much of eastern Texas. The stage reached at the gage near Huffman was about 1 foot higher than known before, the maximum discharge was 253,000 second-feet, and the runoff from the storm amounted to 8.8 inches. The November flood came after crops had been harvested, and its damage was mainly the destruction of highways and railways and the drowning of livestock. The storage reservoirs on the Colorado River located well upstream from the storm areas herein studied had very little effect on</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1046","usgsCitation":"Breeding, S., 1948, Texas floods of 1940: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1046, iv, 91 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1046.","productDescription":"iv, 91 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":138085,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1046/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25735,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1046/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":246967,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1046/plate-5.pdf","size":"2899","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":246968,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1046/plate-6.pdf","size":"2988","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db68374f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Breeding, Seth D.","contributorId":89505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breeding","given":"Seth D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":3313,"text":"cir19 - 1948 - Progress report on the ground-water hydrology of the Republican and Frenchman River valleys, with a section on the chemical quality of the ground water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-24T18:31:40.497734","indexId":"cir19","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1948","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"19","title":"Progress report on the ground-water hydrology of the Republican and Frenchman River valleys, with a section on the chemical quality of the ground water","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir19","usgsCitation":"Waite, H.A., and Swenson, H.A., 1948, Progress report on the ground-water hydrology of the Republican and Frenchman River valleys, with a section on the chemical quality of the ground water: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 19, Report: iii, 83 p.; 1 Plate: 33.82 x 14.93 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/cir19.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 83 p.; 1 Plate: 33.82 x 14.93 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":492844,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_118695.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":117892,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1948/0019/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30317,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1948/0019/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":30318,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1948/0019/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Republican and Frenchman River valleys","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -102.05,\n              40.6\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.05,\n              40\n            ],\n            [\n              -98,\n              40\n              ],\n            [\n              -98,\n              40.6\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.05,\n              40.6\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65dd2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waite, Herbert A.","contributorId":40973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"Herbert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swenson, Herbert A.","contributorId":93461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swenson","given":"Herbert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":57084,"text":"ofr4884 - 1948 - Ground water in the Anadarko area [Caddo County], Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-12T19:29:36.224537","indexId":"ofr4884","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1948","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"48-84","title":"Ground water in the Anadarko area [Caddo County], Oklahoma","docAbstract":"This report offers a preliminary interpretation of the geology and ground-water hydrology of the Anadarko area, Oklahoma. L.V. Davis prepared the accompanying map from aerial photographs and furnished much of the geologic information, and records of the State Mineral Survey (WPA) were used in the preparation of the section on the Rush Springs sandstone.\r\n(available as photostat copy only)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr4884","usgsCitation":"Schoff, S., 1948, Ground water in the Anadarko area [Caddo County], Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 48-84, Report: 7 p.; 1 Plate: 8.93 x 6.17 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr4884.","productDescription":"Report: 7 p.; 1 Plate: 8.93 x 6.17 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":375575,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1948/0084/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":184134,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1948/0084/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":375574,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1948/0084/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","county":"Caddo County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-98.3181,35.5502],[-98.3187,35.5479],[-98.3193,35.5438],[-98.3193,35.5429],[-98.3142,35.5406],[-98.3119,35.5401],[-98.3085,35.541],[-98.3051,35.5437],[-98.305,35.3744],[-98.0985,35.3767],[-98.0906,34.8581],[-98.1937,34.8571],[-98.5091,34.8557],[-98.6206,34.8565],[-98.6177,35.0994],[-98.616,35.2038],[-98.6216,35.2038],[-98.6209,35.4639],[-98.6199,35.552],[-98.3181,35.5502]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Caddo\",\"state\":\"OK\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d93f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schoff, Stuart L.","contributorId":104467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoff","given":"Stuart L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":256236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70215687,"text":"70215687 - 1948 - Report of the Research Committee on Runoff, 1947–1948","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-06T15:16:50.678326","indexId":"70215687","displayToPublicDate":"1948-10-27T13:25:04","publicationYear":"1948","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Report of the Research Committee on Runoff, 1947–1948","docAbstract":"<p><span>Since 1946, the Committee has given consideration to terminology as related to the field of runoff. As the science of hydrology develops, there is increasing need for a more definite and uniform terminology in order to promote use of more precise language in technical literature. While it may not be possible or desirable at this time to standardize completely, it appears entirely possible to standardize many of the terms in common usage. This Committee has begun a compilation of letter symbols and terms related to runoff.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR029i006p00923","usgsCitation":"McDonald, C.C., 1948, Report of the Research Committee on Runoff, 1947–1948: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 29, no. 6, p. 923-926, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR029i006p00923.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"923","endPage":"926","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":379825,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McDonald, C. C.","contributorId":69204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":813566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70215685,"text":"70215685 - 1948 - Report of Committee on Ground Water, 1945–1946","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-17T14:36:25.886627","indexId":"70215685","displayToPublicDate":"1948-10-27T13:19:47","publicationYear":"1948","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Report of Committee on Ground Water, 1945–1946","docAbstract":"<p><span>The principal activity of the Committee during the year was the arranging and presentation of a symposium on methods of estimating ground‐water supplies. The response was gratifying and resulted in the presentation of 11 interesting papers at the 1946 meeting. The report of the Subcommittee on Permeability by C. E. Jacob, Chairman, is given as Appendix A. At a meeting of the Executive Committee of the Section of Hydrology in June 1946, this Subcommittee of the Committee on Ground Water was changed to the Committee on Permeability of the Section of Hydrology, with Jacob continuing as Chairman. This will give the new Committee much greater latitude in dealing with a subject which is of concern to several of the Research Committees.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR029i001p00117","usgsCitation":"Lohman, S.W., 1948, Report of Committee on Ground Water, 1945–1946: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 29, no. 1, p. 117-123, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR029i001p00117.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"117","endPage":"123","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":379876,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lohman, S. W.","contributorId":45318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lohman","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":803144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70215684,"text":"70215684 - 1948 - Development of limestone reservoirs in Comal County, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-28T12:00:02.648533","indexId":"70215684","displayToPublicDate":"1948-10-27T13:13:15","publicationYear":"1948","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of limestone reservoirs in Comal County, Texas","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Edwards limestone, and to a lesser extent the Comanche Peak limestone and the lower part of the Glen Rose limestone below, all of Lower Cretaceous age, form one of the most extensive ground‐water reservoirs in Texas. As a result of normal faulting, these formations are connected by underground channels to form a hydrologic unit which is partly artesian and partly unconfined. Observations in Comal County show that the development of the reservoir by solution is closely related to the geologic history, in which complex faulting and the disconformity between the Edwards and Georgetown limestones are important factors. Various phases of development are shown in different fault blocks, depending upon length of exposure at the surface. The Edwards limestone, which contains the main channels of underground drainage, is almost uniformly permeable from top to bottom, whereas the older, but more recently exposed lower part of the Glen Rose limestone is generally relatively impermeable except where exposed by mature streams.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR029i004p00503","usgsCitation":"George, W., 1948, Development of limestone reservoirs in Comal County, Texas: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 29, no. 4, p. 503-510, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR029i004p00503.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"503","endPage":"510","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":379823,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Comal County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-98.2986,30.0395],[-98.1102,29.9036],[-98.0389,29.8493],[-97.9996,29.7537],[-98.0895,29.6857],[-98.2045,29.6363],[-98.3124,29.5973],[-98.3149,29.6014],[-98.3191,29.6033],[-98.3279,29.6053],[-98.3295,29.6058],[-98.3305,29.6086],[-98.3341,29.6109],[-98.3383,29.6128],[-98.3419,29.6147],[-98.3445,29.6175],[-98.3439,29.623],[-98.3432,29.6303],[-98.3452,29.6345],[-98.3478,29.6381],[-98.3498,29.6423],[-98.3492,29.645],[-98.3475,29.6496],[-98.3464,29.6523],[-98.3479,29.6551],[-98.3516,29.657],[-98.3589,29.6589],[-98.361,29.6603],[-98.3625,29.6631],[-98.364,29.6645],[-98.3677,29.6659],[-98.3724,29.6656],[-98.3772,29.6638],[-98.3793,29.6643],[-98.3803,29.6657],[-98.3833,29.6721],[-98.3842,29.6786],[-98.3826,29.6822],[-98.3794,29.6849],[-98.3783,29.689],[-98.3787,29.6913],[-98.3813,29.6945],[-98.3828,29.6973],[-98.3828,29.7001],[-98.3806,29.7028],[-98.3779,29.7046],[-98.3722,29.705],[-98.3601,29.7048],[-98.3543,29.7047],[-98.3511,29.7051],[-98.3458,29.7101],[-98.3425,29.715],[-98.3419,29.7192],[-98.3424,29.7228],[-98.3449,29.7265],[-98.3527,29.7308],[-98.3559,29.7317],[-98.3606,29.7318],[-98.3638,29.7282],[-98.3676,29.7237],[-98.3734,29.7215],[-98.376,29.7215],[-98.377,29.7261],[-98.3779,29.7316],[-98.3795,29.7348],[-98.3889,29.7345],[-98.3941,29.736],[-98.3978,29.737],[-98.3988,29.7397],[-98.4014,29.7439],[-98.4045,29.7467],[-98.4081,29.7476],[-98.4134,29.7468],[-98.4182,29.7446],[-98.4203,29.7419],[-98.4219,29.7391],[-98.4226,29.7341],[-98.4216,29.73],[-98.4216,29.729],[-98.4253,29.7277],[-98.4279,29.7278],[-98.4296,29.726],[-98.4301,29.7241],[-98.4291,29.7218],[-98.4291,29.7195],[-98.4318,29.7182],[-98.4371,29.7178],[-98.4402,29.7188],[-98.4428,29.7188],[-98.4449,29.7202],[-98.4459,29.723],[-98.4458,29.7276],[-98.4452,29.7326],[-98.4462,29.734],[-98.4499,29.7345],[-98.4546,29.7327],[-98.4588,29.7337],[-98.463,29.7361],[-98.4661,29.7379],[-98.4719,29.7376],[-98.4772,29.7353],[-98.4851,29.735],[-98.5008,29.738],[-98.5086,29.7413],[-98.5122,29.7436],[-98.5143,29.7446],[-98.5196,29.7455],[-98.5238,29.7456],[-98.5254,29.7447],[-98.529,29.7452],[-98.5332,29.7485],[-98.5357,29.7526],[-98.5399,29.7541],[-98.5441,29.7527],[-98.5473,29.7528],[-98.5499,29.7547],[-98.5493,29.756],[-98.5488,29.7565],[-98.5488,29.7592],[-98.5498,29.7602],[-98.5524,29.7606],[-98.5535,29.7602],[-98.5545,29.7588],[-98.5562,29.7566],[-98.5572,29.7557],[-98.5604,29.7534],[-98.5662,29.7526],[-98.5741,29.7504],[-98.5783,29.7495],[-98.5805,29.7473],[-98.5816,29.7445],[-98.5837,29.7432],[-98.5874,29.7446],[-98.59,29.7469],[-98.5936,29.7488],[-98.5983,29.7489],[-98.6015,29.7494],[-98.6051,29.7499],[-98.6052,29.748],[-98.6047,29.7457],[-98.6026,29.7448],[-98.6016,29.7425],[-98.6048,29.7407],[-98.61,29.7399],[-98.6137,29.7395],[-98.6174,29.7409],[-98.6216,29.7423],[-98.6231,29.7428],[-98.6257,29.7437],[-98.6321,29.7429],[-98.6384,29.7416],[-98.6431,29.7403],[-98.6458,29.7403],[-98.6468,29.7426],[-98.6478,29.7477],[-98.4138,29.9442],[-98.2986,30.0395]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Comal\",\"state\":\"TX\"}}]}","volume":"29","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"George, W.O.","contributorId":41886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"George","given":"W.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":803143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70215683,"text":"70215683 - 1948 - Hydrology of limestone terrane in Schoharie County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-07T13:48:14.233831","indexId":"70215683","displayToPublicDate":"1948-10-27T13:02:34","publicationYear":"1948","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrology of limestone terrane in Schoharie County, New York","docAbstract":"<p><span>During the summer of 1946 the writer studied the ground‐water resources of Schoharie County, New York, as a part of the program of ground‐water investigation being carried on in cooperation between the United States Geological Survey and the New York State Water Power and Control Commission. Because the outcrop belt of Devonian and Upper Silurian carbonate rocks is wider in Schoharie County than in other parts of the State, the effects of solution on these formations is better displayed here than elsewhere. The conditions described below probably apply on a smaller scale to the areas to the west, where the upper formations are cut out by an unconformity, and to the east in the Helderberg area, where similar effects have been described by Goldring [see “References” at end of paper, 1935]. However, it is probable that solution in the limestones in the Hudson Valley is not comparable because of the folded condition of the rocks.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR029i002p00251","usgsCitation":"Berdan, J.M., 1948, Hydrology of limestone terrane in Schoharie County, New York: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 29, no. 2, p. 251-253, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR029i002p00251.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"251","endPage":"253","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":379822,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Schoharie County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-74.264,42.7981],[-74.2622,42.7963],[-74.2579,42.7949],[-74.2548,42.793],[-74.2529,42.7898],[-74.2511,42.7857],[-74.2506,42.7825],[-74.2525,42.7798],[-74.2545,42.7707],[-74.2572,42.7621],[-74.261,42.7585],[-74.266,42.7572],[-74.2729,42.7573],[-74.2848,42.7569],[-74.2941,42.7566],[-74.2998,42.7552],[-74.3035,42.7535],[-74.3042,42.7521],[-74.3067,42.7485],[-74.2779,42.7196],[-74.2711,42.7195],[-74.2687,42.714],[-74.2424,42.7174],[-74.2393,42.7178],[-74.2026,42.7107],[-74.1838,42.7123],[-74.1773,42.73],[-74.1619,42.7166],[-74.168,42.6912],[-74.1684,42.674],[-74.1697,42.6672],[-74.1718,42.6595],[-74.1757,42.6499],[-74.1833,42.64],[-74.1878,42.6342],[-74.1903,42.6324],[-74.1949,42.6201],[-74.1963,42.6165],[-74.2197,42.5927],[-74.2198,42.5899],[-74.2218,42.5845],[-74.2237,42.5813],[-74.23,42.5764],[-74.2338,42.5737],[-74.2357,42.5705],[-74.2392,42.5488],[-74.2321,42.5323],[-74.2298,42.521],[-74.2263,42.5046],[-74.227,42.5014],[-74.2354,42.4837],[-74.2425,42.4688],[-74.2457,42.4648],[-74.2509,42.4516],[-74.2652,42.4177],[-74.2636,42.4063],[-74.253,42.4071],[-74.246,42.3839],[-74.246,42.3816],[-74.2472,42.3807],[-74.2497,42.3807],[-74.2547,42.3812],[-74.2591,42.3795],[-74.2666,42.3732],[-74.2748,42.3673],[-74.2804,42.3647],[-74.2861,42.3629],[-74.2954,42.363],[-74.2997,42.363],[-74.306,42.3599],[-74.3078,42.359],[-74.3141,42.3595],[-74.3227,42.3605],[-74.3314,42.3601],[-74.3389,42.3602],[-74.3426,42.3584],[-74.3469,42.3594],[-74.3513,42.3617],[-74.358,42.3676],[-74.3617,42.3699],[-74.3685,42.3704],[-74.3778,42.3701],[-74.389,42.3697],[-74.3977,42.3675],[-74.4432,42.3547],[-74.6168,42.4219],[-74.7145,42.5175],[-74.671,42.5654],[-74.652,42.5926],[-74.6317,42.6242],[-74.6382,42.6511],[-74.6501,42.6935],[-74.6621,42.7322],[-74.6681,42.7513],[-74.668,42.764],[-74.6645,42.7917],[-74.6504,42.828],[-74.5619,42.8092],[-74.4562,42.7716],[-74.3311,42.7828],[-74.2893,42.7838],[-74.264,42.7981]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Schoharie\",\"state\":\"NY\"}}]}","volume":"29","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berdan, Jean Milton","contributorId":86758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berdan","given":"Jean","email":"","middleInitial":"Milton","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":803142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70215681,"text":"70215681 - 1948 - Runoff from rain and snow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-02T14:46:48.221141","indexId":"70215681","displayToPublicDate":"1948-10-27T12:31:09","publicationYear":"1948","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Runoff from rain and snow","docAbstract":"<p><span>The basic principles of the idealized hydrologic cycle are reviewed with emphasis on storage and movement of water in the soil. A distinction is made between ground‐water runoff and overland runoff in terms of storage and lag, expressed as accumulated deviations from uniform flow over a period of several years. These functions are presented for the period 1920 through 1945 for three rivers in central Oregon: John Day, Deschutes, and Metolius, which exemplify minimum, moderate, and maximum effects, respectively, of storage and lag. The Metolius River is shown to have extremely small fluctuations in discharge from year to year, ascribed to a great portion of its flow being derived from ground‐water runoff; and its response to fluctuations in annual precipitation lags behind that of the John Day River by about five years. Specific techniques and measures for improving seasonal water supply forecasts are suggested.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR029i004p00511","usgsCitation":"Piper, A.M., 1948, Runoff from rain and snow: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 29, no. 4, p. 511-524, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR029i004p00511.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"511","endPage":"524","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":379816,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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 \"}}]}","volume":"29","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piper, A. M.","contributorId":102865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piper","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":803140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70215680,"text":"70215680 - 1948 - Trends in runoff in the Pacific Northwest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-19T22:32:03.584067","indexId":"70215680","displayToPublicDate":"1948-10-27T12:12:00","publicationYear":"1948","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trends in runoff in the Pacific Northwest","docAbstract":"<p><span>The diminution in runoff in the Pacific Northwest, particularly the Columbia River Basin, during the past 50 years, and its hydrologic significance are discussed in this paper. An analysis of the rainfall‐runoff relations for the Basin is made in order to explain the different influence of short‐ and long‐term precipitation factors on the diminution of runoff. The indicated effects of long‐term precipitation may reflect the influence of ground‐water storage.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR029i003p00387","usgsCitation":"McDonald, C.C., and Langbein, W.B., 1948, Trends in runoff in the Pacific Northwest: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 29, no. 3, p. 387-397, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR029i003p00387.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"387","endPage":"397","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":379814,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Pacific 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C.","contributorId":69204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":803138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Langbein, W. B.","contributorId":102053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langbein","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":803139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70175656,"text":"70175656 - 1947 - Methods used in estimating the groundwater supply in the Wichita, Kansas well-field area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T14:37:56","indexId":"70175656","displayToPublicDate":"1999-07-15T10:30:00","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methods used in estimating the groundwater supply in the Wichita, Kansas well-field area","docAbstract":"<p><span mce-data-marked=\"1\">T<span>his paper presents the methods used in studying the groundwater hydrology of an area in Harvey and Sedgwick Counties, Kansas, from which the city of Wichita derives its water supply. A summary of the data available for study is presented and several hydrologic factors are evaluated. The relationship between groundwater levels and precipitation is shown, and recharge is estimated. The effect of pumping on water levels is shown graphically, and the quantity of water withdrawn from storage is estimated from several water-table contour maps. The data are analyzed and the quantity of water available for pumping is estimated.</span></span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR028i001p00120","usgsCitation":"Williams, C.C., and Lohman, S.W., 1947, Methods used in estimating the groundwater supply in the Wichita, Kansas well-field area: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 28, no. 1, p. 120-131, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR028i001p00120.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"120","endPage":"131","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326755,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","volume":"28","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b58b52e4b03bcb0104bc21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Charles C.","contributorId":107367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lohman, Stanley William","contributorId":53361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lohman","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":125,"text":"wsp915 - 1947 - Major winter and nonwinter floods in selected basins in New York and Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-24T19:21:15.107617","indexId":"wsp915","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"915","title":"Major winter and nonwinter floods in selected basins in New York and Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"<p>The scientific design of flood-control works is based on an evaluation of the hydrologic factors basic to flood events, particularly how rainfall and snow runoff, soil conditions, and channel influences can combine to produce greater or lesser floods. For this purpose an analysis of the pertinent hydrologic data is needed. The methods of analysis adopted should conform as closely as possible to those already in use and must be adapted to the quality of the available information. Maximum floods in 8 basins in New York and Pennsylvania during the winter and nonwinter months were studied, a total of 21 floods. The most outstanding winter flood of record in the North Atlantic region was that of March 1936. Rainfall plus snow melt in the basins studied ranged between 3.04 and 6.87 inches, and associated volumes of direct runoff from 1.88 to 5.63 inches. Winter floods have a common characteristic in their relation to freezing temperature. The antecedent periods, representing a period of snow accumulation and frost penetration, are below freezing, and the flood itself is contemporaneous with a period of above-freezing temperatures, usually associated with rain, during which the previously accumulated snow is melted. A second common characteristic of major winter floods is their tendency to be associated with widespread causal meteorologic conditions. There was a more complete conversion of rainfall and snow melt into runoff during the winter storms studied than during the wettest nonwinter flood. Snow melt during winter floods ranged from 0.04 to 0.07 inch per degree-day above 32° F. The depth of mean areal rainfall produced by the nonwinter storms studied ranged from 3.05 to 4.96 inches. The maximum 24-hour quantity at single stations was 14 inches, which was measured during the storm of July 1935 in New York. The volume of direct runoff ranged between 1.39 and 3.41 inches. The portion of rainfall that was converted into runoff varied in accordance with the rate of antecedent base flow, expressed in second-feet per square mile, and emphasized the influence of antecedent conditions. The average volume of direct runoff during winter floods was 4.24 inches, and the average during nonwinter floods was 2.44 inches. The latter, however, were more concentrated as to time, tending to compensate for large volume of runoff in winter, so that the crest rates of direct runoff averaged 0.056 inches per hour during the winter and 0.051 inches during the nonwinter period. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp915","usgsCitation":"Langbein, W.B., 1947, Major winter and nonwinter floods in selected basins in New York and Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 915, ix, 139 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp915.","productDescription":"ix, 139 p.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":424716,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24687.htm","text":"Susquehanna and Delaware River basins","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"24687"},{"id":424715,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24686.htm","text":"Sacandaga River basin","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"24686"},{"id":24733,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0915/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":136415,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/0915/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York, Pennsylvania","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74,\n              43\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.75,\n              43\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.75,\n              39.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -74,\n              39.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -74,\n              43\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.583,\n              43.681\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.583,\n              43.229\n            ],\n            [\n              -74,\n              43.229\n            ],\n            [\n              -74,\n              43.681\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.583,\n              43.681\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db64980b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langbein, Walter Basil","contributorId":40581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langbein","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"Basil","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":141974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":55583,"text":"ofr4727A - 1947 - Electrochemical stabilization of clayey ground","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-09T11:15:23","indexId":"ofr4727A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1947","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"47-27","chapter":"A","title":"Electrochemical stabilization of clayey ground","docAbstract":"<p>Recently developed new methods of stabilization of weak grounds (e.g. the silicate treatment) are based on injection of chemical solutions into the ground. Such methods are applicable accordingly only to the kinds of ground that have the coefficient of filtration higher than 2 meters per 24 hours and permit penetration of the chemical solutions under pressure. This limit, however, as it is shown by our experience in construction, excludes a numerous and an important class of grounds, stabilization of which is indispensable in many instances. For example, digging of trenches and pits in clayey, silty, or sandy ground shows that all these types act like typical \"floaters\" (sluds? -S) in the presence of the ground water pressure. There were several instances in the canalization of the city of Moskow where the laying of trenches below the ground water level has led to extreme difficulties with clayey and silty ground.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Similar examples could be cited in mining, engineering hydrology, and railroad construction. For these reasons, the development of methods of stabilizing such difficult types of ground has become an urgent problem of our day.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>In 1936, the author began his investigations, at the ground Stabilization Laboratory of VODGEO Institute, with direct electrical current as the means of stabilization of grounds. Experiments had shown that a large number of clayey types, following passage of direct electrical current, undergoes a transformation of its physico-chemical properties. It was established that the (apparent -S) density of the ground is substantially increased in consequence of the application of direct electrical current. The ground loses also its capacity to swell and to soften in water. Later, after a more detailed study of the physico-chemical mechanism of the electrical stabilization, it became possible to develop the method so as to make it applicable to sandy and silty as well as to clayey ground. By this time (1941, S.), the method has already been tested in the field, was found satisfactory, and is being introduced into construction practice.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr4727A","usgsCitation":"Rzhanitzin, B., and Sokoloff, V., 1947, Electrochemical stabilization of clayey ground: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 47-27, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr4727A.","productDescription":"8 p.","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":289624,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":289623,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1947/0027-A/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ae4b07f02db606e09","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rzhanitzin, B.A.","contributorId":16921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rzhanitzin","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":253757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sokoloff, V.P. (translator)","contributorId":18773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sokoloff","given":"V.P.","suffix":"(translator)","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":253758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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