The species composition of fish in the Great Lakes has undergone continual change since the earliest records. Some changes were caused by enrichment of the environment, but others primarily by an intensive and selective fishery for certain species. Major changes related to the fishery were less frequent before the late 1930's than in recent years and involved few species. Lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) were overexploited knowingly during the late 1800's because they interfered with fishing for preferred species; sturgeon were greatly reduced in all lakes by the early 1900's. Heavy exploitation accompanied sharp declines of lake herring (Leucichthys artedi) in Lake Erie during the 1920's and lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) in Lake Huron during the 1930's. A rapid succession of fish species in Lakes Huron, Michigan, and Superior that started about 1940 has been caused by selective predation by the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) on native predatory species, and the resultant shifting emphasis of the fishery and species interaction as various species declined. Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and burbot (Lota lota), the deepwater predators, were depleted first; this favored their prey, the chubs (Leucichthys spp.). The seven species of chubs were influenced differently according to differences in size. Fishing emphasis and predation by sea lampreys were selective for the largest species of chubs as lake trout and burbot declined. A single slow-growing chub, the bloater, was favored and increased, but as the large chubs declined the bloater was exploited by a new trawl fishery. The growth rate and size of the bloater increased, making it more vulnerable to conventional gillnet fishery and lamprey predation. This situation in Lakes Michigan and Huron favored the small alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) which had recently become established in the upper Great Lakes, and the alewife increased rapidly and dominated the fish stocks of the lakes. The successive collapses of various stocks after periods of stable production may give some indication of their sustainable yield. The sea lamprey is being brought under control in Lakes Superior, Michigan, and Huron; lake trout are being established; and chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), coho salmon (O. kisutch), kokanee salmon (O. nerka), and the splake, a hybrid of lake trout and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), are being introduced to reestablish a new species balance. Fish stocks are in a state of extreme instability in these lakes. Careful control of stocking programs and fisheries, and coordination of management among the various states of the United States and the province of Canada (Ontario) which manage the fish stocks, will be required to restore and maintain a useful fishery balance.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f68-063","usgsCitation":"Smith, S.H., 1968, Species succession and fishery exploitation in the Great Lakes: Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, v. 25, no. 4, p. 667-693, https://doi.org/10.1139/f68-063.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"667","endPage":"693","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133049,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db635061","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Stanford H.","contributorId":86711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Stanford","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1003255,"text":"1003255 - 1968 - Antimycin for controlling sunfish populations in ponds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:22","indexId":"1003255","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1624,"text":"Farm Pond Harvest","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Antimycin for controlling sunfish populations in ponds","docAbstract":"Abstract has not been submitted","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Farm Pond Harvest","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Burress, R., 1968, Antimycin for controlling sunfish populations in ponds: Farm Pond Harvest, v. 2, no. 1.","productDescription":"p. 11,12, 22","startPage":"11,12, 22","numberOfPages":"-10","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131098,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b131","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burress, R.M.","contributorId":21107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burress","given":"R.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011488,"text":"70011488 - 1968 - Isotope studies of dolomite formation under sedimentary conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-29T16:58:41.406632","indexId":"70011488","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotope studies of dolomite formation under sedimentary conditions","docAbstract":"Measurements of stable isotope abundances of the carbonate portion of the sediment in Deep Springs Lake, California, indicate the presence of at least three phases: a magnesian calcite, a primary sedimentary dolomite, and a detrital dolomite. The former two have isotopic compositions consistent with precipitation at isotopic equilibrium from waters of the lake area. The measured isotopic fractionation factor between sedimentary dolomite and its interstitial water is 1.0351, which is outside the range possible for calcite-water. This indicates that the dolomite has formed by direct crystallization from solution and not from a caloite precursor without further isotope exchange.
Isotopic and X-ray evidence does not support the contention of Petersonet al. (1966) that Deep Springs Lake dolomite crystals grow by means of a calcite-like surface layer.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(68)90076-8","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Clayton, R., and Jones, B., 1968, Isotope studies of dolomite formation under sedimentary conditions: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 32, no. 4, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(68)90076-8.","productDescription":"20 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220910,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3f8ce4b0c8380cd645ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clayton, R.N.","contributorId":36291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clayton","given":"R.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, B.F.","contributorId":52156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70009807,"text":"70009807 - 1968 - Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the phosphorus(v) pesticides: A rapid determination of the isomer ratio of systox","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-29T17:21:17.463795","indexId":"70009807","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":760,"text":"Analytica Chimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the phosphorus(v) pesticides: A rapid determination of the isomer ratio of systox","docAbstract":"The integration circuit of the Varian A-60 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer is used in conjunction with vapor phase chromatography, to develop a rapid analysis technique for the determination of isomer ratios in technical Systox-Sulfotepp mixtures. The complete analysis requires less than 0.1 g of sample and only 15 min. The isomer ratio in the sample may be determined to an accuracy of ±1.5% and the undamaged sample may be recovered.
A method is described for the determination of palladium down to 4ppb (parts per billion, 109), platinum down to 10 ppb and rhodium down to 5 ppb in 15 g of sample. Fire-assay techniques are used to preconcentrate the platinum metals into a gold bead, then the bead is dissolved in aqua regia and diluted to volume with 1M hydrochloric acid. The solution is analysed by optical emission spectrography of the residue from 200 μl of it evaporated on a pair of flat-top graphite electrodes. This method requires much less sample handling than most published methods for these elements. Data are presented for G-1, W-1, and six new standard rocks of the U.S. Geological Survey. The values for palladium in W-1 are in reasonable agreement with previously published data.
It is now well known that William Gilbert, in his De Magnete of 1600, first suggested that the earth behaves as a great magnet. By their very nature, however, such explicit statements tend, in retrospect, to be emphasised at the expense of less explicit antecedent ideas and experiments, with the result that, in the example under consideration here, the impression has sometimes been given that before Gilbert there was not the slightest suspicion that the earth exerts influence on the magnetic needle. In fact, Gilbert's conclusion represented the culmination of many centuries of thought and experimentation on the subject.
This essay traces the main steps in the evolutionary process from the idea that magnetic ‘virtue’ derived from the heave, through the gradual realisation that magnetism is closely associated with the earth, up to the time of Gilbert's definite statement.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(68)90075-9","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Smith, P., 1968, Pre-gilbertian conceptions of terrestrial magnetism: Tectonophysics, v. 6, no. 6, p. 499-510, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(68)90075-9.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"499","endPage":"510","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218764,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a80dde4b0c8380cd7b24d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, P.J.","contributorId":6579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70175606,"text":"70175606 - 1968 - Records of wells, water levels, and chemical quality of water in the lower Santiam River basin, middle Willamette Valley, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-09T17:48:48.446583","indexId":"70175606","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":115,"text":"Ground Water Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"13","title":"Records of wells, water levels, and chemical quality of water in the lower Santiam River basin, middle Willamette Valley, Oregon","docAbstract":"Basic water data on the lower Santiam River basin is preliminary to a comprehensive hydrologic study of this productive and intensely irrigated area where expanding population and industry increases the demand for water. Highest yielding wells are in shallow alluvial aquifers near the main streams; yields range from several hundred to more than a thousand gpm. Wells in lacustrine and older alluvial aquifers that underlie low, flat terraces have yields from a few tens to a few hundred gpm. Wells in the Salem Hills and in the Cascade Range foothills yield moderate to small quantities of water and tap a variety of geologic units. Tabulated material includes records of representative wells, drillers' logs, and chemical and spectrographic analyses of the ground water.
","language":"English","publisher":"State of Oregon","usgsCitation":"Helm, D.C., 1968, Records of wells, water levels, and chemical quality of water in the lower Santiam River basin, middle Willamette Valley, Oregon: Ground Water Report 13, ii, 186 p.","productDescription":"ii, 186 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326677,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":379286,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/title/records-of-wells-water-levels-and-chemical-quality-of-water-in-the-lower-santiam-river-basin-middle-willamette-valley-oregon/oclc/981926200&referer=brief_results"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Willamette Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.28308105468749,\n 44.07574700247845\n ],\n [\n -122.420654296875,\n 44.07574700247845\n ],\n [\n -122.420654296875,\n 45.57944511437787\n ],\n [\n -123.28308105468749,\n 45.57944511437787\n ],\n [\n -123.28308105468749,\n 44.07574700247845\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b58b58e4b03bcb0104bc61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Helm, Donald C.","contributorId":49792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helm","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70171432,"text":"70171432 - 1968 - Phytoplankton and related water-quality conditions in an enriched estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-31T12:49:49","indexId":"70171432","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2573,"text":"Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phytoplankton and related water-quality conditions in an enriched estuary","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Water Environment Federation","usgsCitation":"Welch, E.B., 1968, Phytoplankton and related water-quality conditions in an enriched estuary: Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation, v. 40, no. 10, p. 1711-1727.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1711","endPage":"1727","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321919,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":321918,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/25036130"}],"volume":"40","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574eb5dbe4b0ee97d51a83ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Welch, Eugene Brummer","contributorId":48947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welch","given":"Eugene","email":"","middleInitial":"Brummer","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1014189,"text":"1014189 - 1968 - Infectious pancreatic necrosis: Selection of virus-free stock from a population of carrier trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-04T17:00:04.647505","indexId":"1014189","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2543,"text":"Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Infectious pancreatic necrosis: Selection of virus-free stock from a population of carrier trout","docAbstract":"Infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is a virulent disease of young trouts and is easily transmitted from infected animals through water and with eggs. At present, the most effective control measure consists of propagation of specific pathogen-free stock. Methods are described for using fish cell cultures to detect IPN virus in peritoneal washes, feces, and gonadal fluids and thereby to identifiy carrier and non-carrier fish. The procedures were used to derive virus-free progeny from a hatchery trout population containing about one-third carrier fish. The progeny were reared to maturity, spawned for 3 successive years, and at each spawning they proved free of virus. Recommendations and precautions are given for those who may wish to apply the procedures.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/f68-030","usgsCitation":"Wolf, K., Quimby, M.C., Carlson, C.P., and Bullock, G.L., 1968, Infectious pancreatic necrosis: Selection of virus-free stock from a population of carrier trout: Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, v. 25, no. 2, p. 383-391, https://doi.org/10.1139/f68-030.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"383","endPage":"391","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197309,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f1e4b07f02db5ee939","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolf, K.","contributorId":16344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Quimby, M. C.","contributorId":14334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quimby","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carlson, C. P.","contributorId":7229,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carlson","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bullock, G. L.","contributorId":69498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullock","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70010802,"text":"70010802 - 1968 - Tree leaf control on low flow water quality in a small Virginia stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-20T15:14:41.216714","indexId":"70010802","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tree leaf control on low flow water quality in a small Virginia stream","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es60014a005","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Slack, K.V., and Feltz, H., 1968, Tree leaf control on low flow water quality in a small Virginia stream: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 2, no. 2, p. 126-131, https://doi.org/10.1021/es60014a005.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"126","endPage":"131","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218806,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Quantico Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.34760827944903,\n 38.57279994132702\n ],\n [\n -77.34726858634457,\n 38.57261981740339\n ],\n [\n -77.34691140753456,\n 38.57289212803224\n ],\n [\n -77.34691140753456,\n 38.5731262796582\n ],\n [\n 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-77.35353998746322,\n 38.5794917213816\n ],\n [\n -77.35369510794987,\n 38.57931448847833\n ],\n [\n -77.35359509283244,\n 38.578876484447136\n ],\n [\n -77.35141043339168,\n 38.57606010495911\n ],\n [\n -77.35046514179415,\n 38.57578888426943\n ],\n [\n -77.34897369159926,\n 38.5749431245691\n ],\n [\n -77.34855356478356,\n 38.57441759896318\n ],\n [\n -77.34718815263332,\n 38.57349791990143\n ],\n [\n -77.34760827944903,\n 38.57279994132702\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb79be4b08c986b327394","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slack, K. V.","contributorId":82386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Feltz, H.R.","contributorId":49341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feltz","given":"H.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010831,"text":"70010831 - 1968 - Surface area of montmorillonite from the dynamic sorption of nitrogen and carbon dioxide","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-25T14:41:46","indexId":"70010831","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1245,"text":"Clays and Clay Minerals","onlineIssn":"1552-8367","printIssn":"0009-8604","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surface area of montmorillonite from the dynamic sorption of nitrogen and carbon dioxide","docAbstract":"Surface area determinations were made on a montmorillonite with various cations emplaced on the exchangeable sites, utilizing nitrogen and carbon dioxide as adsorbates at 77°K and 195°K, respectively, in a dynamic system. From the fraction of a Mississippi montmorillonite less than about 1 μ in size, samples were prepared by replacing the original exchangeable cations with Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, Mg++, Ca++, Ba++, and NH4+, forming a series of homoionic montmorillonite species.
Surface areas from 3-point B.E.T. plots (half-hour adsorption points), with nitrogen as the adsorbate, ranged from 61 m2/g for Li-montmorillonite to 138 m2/g for Cs-montmorillonite, thus reflecting a certain degree of nitrogen penetration between layers. Complete penetration should theoretically result in a surface area of over 300 m2/g for this clay with a nitrogen monolayer between each pair of platelets. The experimental data indicate that the extent of penetration is time-dependent and is also a function of the interlayer forces as governed by the size and charge of the replaceable cation. This finding negates the generally accepted concept that nitrogen at 77°K does not penetrate the layers and provides a measure only of the external surface of expandable clay minerals.
A further measure of the variation of interlayer forces is provided by the adsorption of carbon dioxide at 195°K. Surface area values ranged from 99 m2/g for Li-montmorillonite to 315 m2/g for Csmontmorillonite. Although the carbon dioxide molecule is larger than the nitrogen molecule, its greater penetration apparently is a result of its being kinetically more energetic (with a larger diffusion coefficient) at its higher adsorption temperature. Similar differences have been found with both adsorbates in the study of microporous substances, such as coal, where activated diffusion is of considerable significance.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Clay Minerals Society","doi":"10.1346/CCMN.1968.0160110","usgsCitation":"Thomas, J., and Bohor, B., 1968, Surface area of montmorillonite from the dynamic sorption of nitrogen and carbon dioxide: Clays and Clay Minerals, v. 16, no. 1, p. 83-91, https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.1968.0160110.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"91","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218898,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9f94e4b08c986b31e6aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, Josephus Jr.","contributorId":11755,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomas","given":"Josephus","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bohor, Bruce F.","contributorId":104823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohor","given":"Bruce F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010459,"text":"70010459 - 1968 - Structural charge site influence on the interlayer hydration of expandable three-sheet clay minerals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-25T14:42:12","indexId":"70010459","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1245,"text":"Clays and Clay Minerals","onlineIssn":"1552-8367","printIssn":"0009-8604","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structural charge site influence on the interlayer hydration of expandable three-sheet clay minerals","docAbstract":"Previous investigations have demonstrated the influences of interlayer cation composition, relative humidity, temperature, and magnitude of interlayer surface charge on the interlayer hydration of montmorillonites and vermiculites. It has been suggested that the sites of layer charge deficiencies may also have an influence upon the amount of hydration that can take place in the interlayers of expandable clay minerals. If the interlayer cation-to-layer bonds are considered as ideally electrostatic, the magnitude of the forces resisting expansion may be expressed as a form of Coulomb's law. If this effect is significant, expandable structures in which the charge-deficiency sites are predominantly in the tetrahedral sheet should have less pronounced swelling properties than should structures possessing charge deficiencies located primarily in the octahedral sheet.
Three samples that differed in location of layer charge sites were selected for study. An important selection criterion was a non-correlation between tetrahedral charge sites and high surface-charge density, and between octahedral charge sites and low surface-charge density.
The effects of differences in interlayer cation composition were eliminated by saturating portions of each sample with the same cations. Equilibrium (001) d values at controlled constant humidities were used as a measure of the relative degree of interlayer hydration.
Although no correlation could be made between the degree of interlayer hydration and total surface-charge density, the investigation does not eliminate total surface-charge density as being significant to the swelling properties of three-sheet clay-mineral structures. The results do indicate a correlation between more intense expandability and predominance of charge deficiencies in the octahedral sheet. Conversely, less intense swelling behavior is associated with predominantly tetrahedral charge deficiencies.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Clay Minerals Society","doi":"10.1346/CCMN.1968.0160109","usgsCitation":"Kerns, R.L., and Mankin, C.J., 1968, Structural charge site influence on the interlayer hydration of expandable three-sheet clay minerals: Clays and Clay Minerals, v. 16, no. 1, p. 73-81, https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.1968.0160109.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"81","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218950,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9bd1e4b08c986b31d0e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kerns, Raymond L. Jr.","contributorId":75266,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kerns","given":"Raymond","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mankin, Charles J.","contributorId":102622,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mankin","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70009963,"text":"70009963 - 1968 - Paleomagnetism and the compositions of highly-oxidised iron-titanium oxides in basalts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-29T17:05:56.491169","indexId":"70009963","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3071,"text":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleomagnetism and the compositions of highly-oxidised iron-titanium oxides in basalts","docAbstract":"As a preliminary step towards determination of the source of the natural remanence in highly-oxidised basalt lava flows, electron probe microanalysis has been carried out on the two main phases in each of two types of highly-oxidised iron-titanium oxide. The discovery of the source of NRM in these basalts is important because the correlations obtained recently by several workers between high oxidation and reversed polarity in basalts appear to support the possibility of self-reversal, even though some of the rocks studied give independent indications that the reversed magnetizations are due to field reversal.
In one type of grain analysed the probe data are consistent with a titanohematite phase and a pseudobrookite phase. This agrees with previous petrographic data. In the other type of grain the probe data are consistent with one phase of titanohematite but contradict petrographic data by showing that the other phase cannot be titanomagnetite. It is concluded that significant contributions to the NRM could possibly arise from the titanohematite (whose magnetic properties in basalts are little known) or the unindentified phase (unless subsequent work rules this phase out), but not in the pseudobrookite phase. However, the NRM may not lie in the analysed grains at all; and other workers are at present investigating this possibility.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0031-9201(68)90052-6","issn":"00319201","usgsCitation":"Smith, P., 1968, Paleomagnetism and the compositions of highly-oxidised iron-titanium oxides in basalts: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, v. 1, no. 2, p. 88-92, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(68)90052-6.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"88","endPage":"92","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219339,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a741ee4b0c8380cd77458","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, P.J.","contributorId":6579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70009909,"text":"70009909 - 1968 - The relationship of geophysical measurements to engineering and construction parameters in the Straight Creek Tunnel pilot bore, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-29T17:08:01.364611","indexId":"70009909","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2071,"text":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The relationship of geophysical measurements to engineering and construction parameters in the Straight Creek Tunnel pilot bore, Colorado","docAbstract":"Seismic-refraction and electrical-resistivity measurements made along the walls of the Straight Creek Tunnel pilot bore indicate that both a low-velocity and a high-resistivity layer exist in the disturbed rock surrounding the excavation. Seismic measurements were analyzed to obtain the thickness and seismic velocity of rock in the low-velocity layer, the velocity of rock behind the layer and the amplitude of seismic energy received at the detectors. Electrical-resistivity measurements were analyzed to obtain the thickness and electrical resistivity of the high-resistivity layer and the resistivity of rock behind the layer. The electrical resistivity and the seismic velocity of rock at depth, the thickness of rock in the low-velocity layer, and the relative amplitude of seismic energy were correlated against the following parameters, all of which are important in tunnel construction: height of the tension arch, stable vertical rock load, rock quality, rate of construction and cost per foot, percentage of lagging and blocking, set spacing, and type and amount of steel support required, The correlations were statistically meaningful, having correlation coefficients ranging in absolute value from about 0·7 to nearly 1·0. This finding suggests the possibility of predicting parameters of interest in tunnel construction from geophysical measurements made in feeler holes drilled ahead of a working face. Predictions might be based on correlations established either during the early stages of construction or from geophysical surveys in other tunnels of similar design in similar geologic environments.
Geologic evidence suggests that a series of ultramafic complexes of the ‘Duke Island type’ located along a 560 km-long belt in southeastern Alaska crystallized from magmas of ultramafic composition. Some geologists have proposed that these magmas were derived by fractional fusion of ultramafic material in the upper mantle. The87Sr/86Sr ratios, corrected for growth of radiogenic87Sr, in total rock samples and in minerals from four ultramafic complexes range from 0.7026 to 0.7068, and the K/Rb ratios in total rock samples range from 300 to 1200. Other workers have reported that the isotopic composition of strontium in alpine peridotites is significantly different from that of oceanic volcanic rocks, but the87Sr/86Sr ratios of the Alaskan ultramafites and of oceanic volcanic rocks are similar.
The effects of mirex on two species of warm-water fishes were studied in three experiments in which the fish were exposed either by feeding a mirex-treated diet, or by treating the holding ponds with a mirex formulation. Bluegills were used in the feeding experiment, where three different levels of mirex were incorporated into the diet and fed to fish held in plastic pools, and in the first pond-exposure experiment, in which the fish were held in earthen ponds treated once with a mirex-corncob grit formulation. The third experiment used goldfish held in earthen ponds which also were treated once with the mirex-corncob grit formulation. In general, higher rates of exposure produced higher whole-body residues of mirex in the fish, and, except in bluegills from the lower-treatment ponds of the first contact experiment and in control fish, whole-body residues increased throughout the terms of these experiments. Soil, water, and vegetation samples from the two contact experiments, although subject to large differences between individual samples, contained relatively unchanging mirex concentrations, illustrating that this chemical is highly resistant to degradation or removal. No mortality or tissue pathology in the bluegills could be ascribed to mirex exposure, but the gills and kidneys of mirex-exposed goldfish showed reactions beginning with the samples taken 56 days after treatment, and the numbers of these fish surviving until termination of this experiment were inversely related to treatment level. Total serum protein and hematocrit percentages had no apparent relationship to treatment levels, nor was mirex exposure a demonstrable factor in growth rates in the contact experiments. However, growth of the bluegills in the highest treatment groups of the feeding experiment was adversely affected. Invertebrate populations seemed not to be affected by the mirex treatment in either of the earthen pond experiments.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1968)97[185:SEOMOT]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Van Valin, C.C., Andrews, A.K., and Eller, L.L., 1968, Some effects of mirex on two warm-water fishes: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 97, no. 2, p. 185-196, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1968)97[185:SEOMOT]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"185","endPage":"196","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321695,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5746ccc2e4b07e28b662dd2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Valin, Charles C.","contributorId":169609,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Van Valin","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andrews, Austin K.","contributorId":85516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"Austin","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eller, Lafayette L.","contributorId":31259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eller","given":"Lafayette","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70190815,"text":"70190815 - 1968 - Hydrologic and climatologic data, 1967, Salt Lake County, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-26T15:42:53","indexId":"70190815","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5498,"text":"Utah Basic-Data Release","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"15","title":"Hydrologic and climatologic data, 1967, Salt Lake County, Utah","docAbstract":"An investigation of the water resources of Salt Lake County, Utah, was undertaken by the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey in July 1963. This investigation is a cooperative project financed chiefly by equal contributions of the State of Utah and the Federal Government in accordance with an agreement between the Division of Water Rights, Utah Department of Natural Resources, and the Geological Survey. The investigation was financed during the period covered by this report by the following organizations: Utah Division of Water Rights (formerly State Engineer), Utah Division of Water Resources (formerly Water and Power Board), Salt Lake County, Salt Lake County Water Conservancy District, Central Utah Water Conservancy District, Metropolitan Water District of Salt Lake City, City of Murray, Granger-Hunter Improvement District, Taylorsville-Bennion Improvement District, Holladay Water Company, Magna Water and Sewer District, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, U.S. Geological Survey.
The investigation encompasses the collection and interpretation of a large variety of climatologic, hydrologic, and geologic data in and near Salt Lake County. Utah Basic-Data Releases 11-13 contain data collected through 1966. This release contains climatologic and surfacewater data for the 1967 water year (October 1966 to September 1967) and ground-water data collected during the 1967 calendar year. A similar annual release will contain data collected during the remainder of the investigation, and interpretive reports will be prepared as the investigation proceeds. Organizations that furnished data are acknowledged in station descriptions and footnotes to tables.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, Utah","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with The State of Utah and local organizations","usgsCitation":"Hely, A., Mower, R.W., and Horr, C.A., 1968, Hydrologic and climatologic data, 1967, Salt Lake County, Utah: Utah Basic-Data Release 15, iii, 74 p.","productDescription":"iii, 74 p.","numberOfPages":"81","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345790,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":345789,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waterrights.utah.gov/cgi-bin/docview.exe?Folder=TP21-1-290&Title=Basic+Data+Report+15"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Salt Lake 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G.","contributorId":14401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hely","given":"A. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mower, Reed W.","contributorId":32503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mower","given":"Reed","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Horr, C. A.","contributorId":63940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horr","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70191352,"text":"70191352 - 1968 - Maps showing locations of surface water stations: catalog of information on water data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-05T15:38:52","indexId":"70191352","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Maps showing locations of surface water stations: catalog of information on water data","docAbstract":"United States Bureau of the Budget Circular A-67, issued in 1964, calls upon the Department of the Interior to coordinate certain water-data-acquisition activities by Federal agencies. The Circular contains guidelines for coordinating Federal water-data collection from streams, lakes, reservoirs, estuaries, and ground water; it also contains guidelines for developing a national network to acquire the data. Specific responsibilities are: (1) design and operation of a national network for acquiring water data, including organizing the network data; (2) coordination of national network and specialized water-data acquisition activities, and preparation of an annual Federal plan for water-data acquisition; and (3) maintenance of a central catalog of information on water data and on Federal activities being planned or conducted to acquire such data.
The Office of Water Data Coordination (OWOC) was established within the Interior Department's Geological Survey to serve as a focal point for activities in conjunction with implementation of the Circular. The \"Catalog of Information on Water Data\" was developed in response to item 3.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70191352","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 1968, Maps showing locations of surface water stations: catalog of information on water data (Edition 1968), 94 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70191352.","productDescription":"94 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":346425,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70191352/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":346435,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70191352/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","edition":"Edition 1968","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59d744a4e4b05fe04cc7e32b"} ,{"id":70171222,"text":"70171222 - 1968 - The oxidation of drugs by fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-14T16:38:28","indexId":"70171222","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1289,"text":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The oxidation of drugs by fishes","docAbstract":"1. Fish liver microsomal systems have been found to catalyze the hydroxylation of aniline and acetanilide, the N-demethylation of aminopyrine and the O-dealkylation of phenacetin.
2. These systems are similar to the corresponding mammalian enzymes and they may be considered to be mixed function oxidase since they require NADPH and oxygen. An absolute requirement for oxygen, however, was difficult to demonstrate for the hepatic phenacetin cleavage system from fish.
3. Microsomal drug metabolizing systems from fish have temperature optima which are considerably lower than those of corresponding mammalian systems
Though liver homogenates show apparent microsomal enzyme DDT-dehydrochlorinase activity, in the intact fish the intestinal microflora play a major role in DDT detoxication. Since the presence of this microflora in fish depends on the recent intake of food (12), the rate of detoxication and hence the toxicity of ingested DDT to the rainbow trout will probably depend somewhat on the available food supply.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0024-3205(68)90338-X","usgsCitation":"Wedemeyer, G., 1968, Role of intestinal microflora in the degradation of DDT by rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri): Life Sciences, v. 7, no. 3, p. 219-233, https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-3205(68)90338-X.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"219","endPage":"233","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321696,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5746ccc1e4b07e28b662dd1a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wedemeyer, Gary","contributorId":169618,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wedemeyer","given":"Gary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70171227,"text":"70171227 - 1968 - The relative toxicities of several pesticides to naiads of three species of stoneflies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-25T16:40:53","indexId":"70171227","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The relative toxicities of several pesticides to naiads of three species of stoneflies","docAbstract":"Static bioassays were conducted to determine the relative acute toxicities of some insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, a defoliant, and a molluscicide to the naiads of three species of stonef!y, Pteronarcys califomica, Pteronarcella badia, and Claassenia sabulosa. Toxic effects were measured by determination of median lethal concn (Lcoo) for 24-, 48-, and 96-hr exposures, at 15.5C. Endrin and dieldrin were the most and DDT the least toxic of the chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides tested. Parathion was the most toxic organophosphate insecticide to P. califomica naiads, but dursban was the most toxic to P. badia and C. sabulosa naiads. Trichlorofon ( Dipterex) was the least toxic to all three species. P. badia, the species of smallest size, was the species most susceptible to most pesticides, followed in descending order of sensitivity by C. sabulosa and P. califomica. Smaller specimens of P. californica naiads were consistently more susceptible to some insecticides than larger specimens of the same species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.4319/lo.1968.13.1.0112","usgsCitation":"Sanders, H.O., and Cope, O.B., 1968, The relative toxicities of several pesticides to naiads of three species of stoneflies: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 13, no. 1, p. 112-117, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1968.13.1.0112.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"112","endPage":"117","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480334,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1968.13.1.0112","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":321694,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5746ccc5e4b07e28b662dd4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanders, Herman O.","contributorId":94355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanders","given":"Herman","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cope, Oliver B.","contributorId":13290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cope","given":"Oliver","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70171225,"text":"70171225 - 1968 - Degradation of organophosphates by fish liver phosphatases","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-25T16:33:25","indexId":"70171225","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2543,"text":"Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Degradation of organophosphates by fish liver phosphatases","docAbstract":"Liver homogenates of bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque, and channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Walbaum), were shown by a manometric technique to contain soluble enzymes capable of degrading diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate (DFP) and 2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate (dichlorvos). Hydrolysis of the compounds was greatest in the presence of the manganic ion. Tentative identification of certain of the hydrolysis products suggested that cleavage of the anhydride bond was a degradation pathway for DFP and dichlorvos in vitro under the assay conditions employed. Substrate summation, inhibition, and activation experiments failed to clearly indicate more than a single enzyme hydrolyzing DFP and dichlorvos in the two fish.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f68-142","usgsCitation":"Hogan, J.W., and Knowles, C.O., 1968, Degradation of organophosphates by fish liver phosphatases: Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, v. 25, no. 8, p. 1571-1579, https://doi.org/10.1139/f68-142.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1571","endPage":"1579","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321690,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5746ccb4e4b07e28b662dc69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hogan, James W.","contributorId":24402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hogan","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knowles, Charles O.","contributorId":169621,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knowles","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70171224,"text":"70171224 - 1968 - Some enzymatic properties of brain Acetylcholinesterase from bluegill and channel catfish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-25T16:30:21","indexId":"70171224","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2543,"text":"Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Some enzymatic properties of brain Acetylcholinesterase from bluegill and channel catfish","docAbstract":"Using a manometric technique an acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7, acetylcholine acetyl-hydrolase) was demonstrated in brain tissue from the bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque, and the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Walbaum). The activities were 19 and 37 μmoles acetylcholine hydrolyzed/milligram protein per hour for the bluegill and channel catfish enzymes, respectively. The optimum substrate concentration for the hydrolysis of acetylcholine was 10 mMfor the enzymes from both species. Generally, the catfish acetylcholinesterase was somewhat more susceptible than the bluegill to the inhibitors tested; however, the bluegill enzyme was more susceptible to inhibition by malathion and malaoxon.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f68-059","usgsCitation":"Hogan, J.W., and Knowles, C.O., 1968, Some enzymatic properties of brain Acetylcholinesterase from bluegill and channel catfish: Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, v. 25, no. 4, p. 615-623, https://doi.org/10.1139/f68-059.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"615","endPage":"623","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321689,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5746ccc3e4b07e28b662dd31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hogan, James W.","contributorId":24402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hogan","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knowles, Charles O.","contributorId":169621,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knowles","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}