{"pageNumber":"656","pageRowStart":"16375","pageSize":"25","recordCount":69040,"records":[{"id":70041446,"text":"70041446 - 2012 - Effectiveness of common fish screen materials to protect lamprey ammocoetes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-03T17:26:40","indexId":"70041446","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effectiveness of common fish screen materials to protect lamprey ammocoetes","docAbstract":"<p><span>Understanding the effects of irrigation diversions on populations of Pacific lamprey</span><i>Lampetra tridentata</i><span>&nbsp;in the Columbia River basin is needed for their recovery. We tested the effectiveness of five common fish screen materials for excluding lamprey ammocoetes: interlock (IL), vertical bar (VB), perforated plate (PP), and 12-gauge and 14-gauge wire cloth (WC12) and (WC14). When fish (28&ndash;153&nbsp;mm) were exposed for 60&nbsp;min to screen panels perpendicular to an approach velocity of 12&nbsp;cm/s in a recirculating flume, the percentage of ammocoetes entrained (i.e., passed through the screen) was 26% for the IL, 18% for the PP, 33% for the VB, 62% for the WC14, and 65% for the WC12 screens. For all screens, most fish were entrained within the first 15&ndash;20&nbsp;min. Fish length significantly influenced entrainment, with the PP, VB, and IL screens preventing fish greater than 50&ndash;65&nbsp;mm from entrainment and the WC14 and WC12 screens preventing entrainment of fish greater than 90&ndash;110&nbsp;mm. Fish of all sizes repeatedly became impinged (i.e., contacting the screen for more than 1&nbsp;s) on the screens, with the frequency of impingement events increasing during the first 5&nbsp;min and becoming relatively stable thereafter. Impingement ranges were highest on the IL screen (36&ndash;62%), lowest on the WC14 and WC12 screens (13&ndash;31%), and intermediate on the PP and VB screens (23&ndash;54%). However, the WC14 and WC12 screens had fewer and larger fish remaining as time elapsed because so many were entrained. For all screen types, injuries were rare and minor, and no fish died after overnight posttest holding. Our results indicate that wire cloth screens should be replaced, where practical, with perforated plate, vertical bar, or interlocking bar screens to reduce lamprey entrainment at water diversions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1080/02755947.2012.678965","usgsCitation":"Rose, B.P., and Mesa, M.G., 2012, Effectiveness of common fish screen materials to protect lamprey ammocoetes: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 32, no. 3, p. 597-603, https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2012.678965.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"597","endPage":"603","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-033600","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263704,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-06-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50bfb8f8e4b01744973f779a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rose, Brien P. brose@usgs.gov","contributorId":3493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"Brien","email":"brose@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mesa, Matthew G. mmesa@usgs.gov","contributorId":3423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mesa","given":"Matthew","email":"mmesa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70041449,"text":"70041449 - 2012 - Selenium in aquatic biota inhabiting agricultural drains in the Salton Sea Basin, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-30T09:42:45","indexId":"70041449","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selenium in aquatic biota inhabiting agricultural drains in the Salton Sea Basin, California","docAbstract":"<p><span>Resource managers are concerned that water conservation practices in irrigated farmlands along the southern border of the Salton Sea, Imperial County, California, could increase selenium concentrations in agricultural drainwater and harm the desert pupfish (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Cyprinodon macularius</i><span>), a federally protected endangered species. As part of a broader attempt to address this concern, we conducted a 3-year investigation to collect baseline information on selenium concentrations in seven agricultural drains inhabited by pupfish. We collected water, sediment, selected aquatic food-chain taxa (particulate organic detritus, filamentous algae, net plankton, and midge [Chironomidae] larvae), and two poeciliid fishes (western mosquitofish&nbsp;</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Gambusia affinis</i><span>&nbsp;and sailfin molly&nbsp;</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Poecilia latipinna</i><span>) for selenium determinations. The two fish species served as ecological surrogates for pupfish, which we were not permitted to sacrifice. Dissolved selenium ranged from 0.70 to 32.8&nbsp;&mu;g/L, with selenate as the major constituent. Total selenium concentrations in other environmental matrices varied widely among drains, with one drain (Trifolium 18) exhibiting especially high concentrations in detritus, 5.98&ndash;58.0&nbsp;&mu;g Se/g; midge larvae, 12.7&ndash;50.6&nbsp;&mu;g Se/g; mosquitofish, 13.2&ndash;20.2&nbsp;&mu;g Se/g; and mollies, 12.8&ndash;30.4&nbsp;&mu;g Se/g (all tissue concentrations are based on dry weights). Although toxic thresholds for selenium in fishes from the Salton Sea are still poorly understood, available evidence suggests that ambient concentrations of this element may not be sufficiently elevated to adversely affect reproductive success and survival in selenium-tolerant poeciliids and pupfish.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10661-011-2367-1","usgsCitation":"Saiki, M.K., Martin, B.A., and May, T.W., 2012, Selenium in aquatic biota inhabiting agricultural drains in the Salton Sea Basin, California: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 184, no. 9, p. 5623-5640, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-011-2367-1.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"5623","endPage":"5640","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-027911","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263721,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"184","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c11a8ee4b005831885e265","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saiki, Michael K.","contributorId":54671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saiki","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, Barbara A. 0000-0002-9415-6377 barbara_ann_martin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9415-6377","contributorId":2855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Barbara","email":"barbara_ann_martin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"May, Thomas W. tmay@usgs.gov","contributorId":2598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"Thomas","email":"tmay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":469739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70041436,"text":"70041436 - 2012 - Costs of living for juvenile Chinook salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i>) in an increasingly warming and invaded world","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-05T11:45:58","indexId":"70041436","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Costs of living for juvenile Chinook salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i>) in an increasingly warming and invaded world","docAbstract":"Rapid environmental change in freshwater ecosystems has created a need to understand the interactive effects of multiple stressors, with temperature and invasive predators identified as key threats to imperiled fish species. We tested the separate and interactive effects of water temperature and predation by non-native smallmouth bass (<i>Micropterus dolomieu</i>) on the lethal (mortality) and sublethal (behavior, physiology, and growth) effects for juvenile Chinook salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i>) in seminatural stream channel experiments. Over 48 h trials, there was no difference in direct predation with warmer temperatures, but significant interactive effects on sublethal responses of juvenile salmon. Warmer temperatures resulted in significantly stronger and more variable antipredator responses (surface shoaling and swimming activity), while physiological indicators (plasma glucose, plasma cortisol) suggested suppression of physiological mechanisms in response to the combined stressors. These patterns corresponded with additive negative growth in predation, temperature, and combined treatments. Our results suggest that chronic increases in temperature may not increase direct predation over short periods, but can result in significant sublethal costs with negative implications for long-term development, disease resistance, and subsequent size-selective mortality of Pacific salmon.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","publisherLocation":"Ottawa, ON, Canada","doi":"10.1139/f2012-094","usgsCitation":"Kuehne, L.M., Olden, J., and Duda, J., 2012, Costs of living for juvenile Chinook salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i>) in an increasingly warming and invaded world: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 69, no. 10, p. 1621-1630, https://doi.org/10.1139/f2012-094.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1621","endPage":"1630","numberOfPages":"19","ipdsId":"IP-037024","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263693,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263692,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f2012-094"}],"volume":"69","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50bfb74ee4b01744973f7786","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuehne, Lauren M.","contributorId":19051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuehne","given":"Lauren","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olden, Julian D.","contributorId":66951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olden","given":"Julian D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duda, Jeffrey J.","contributorId":68854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duda","given":"Jeffrey J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70041434,"text":"sir20125251 - 2012 - Ecosystem services valuation to support decisionmaking on public lands—A case study of the San Pedro River watershed, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-05T08:34:24","indexId":"sir20125251","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5251","title":"Ecosystem services valuation to support decisionmaking on public lands—A case study of the San Pedro River watershed, Arizona","docAbstract":"This report details the findings of the Bureau of Land Management–U.S. Geological Survey Ecosystem Services Valuation Pilot Study. This project evaluated alternative methods and tools that quantify and value ecosystem services, and it assessed the tools’ readiness for use in the Bureau of Land Management decisionmaking process. We tested these tools on the San Pedro River watershed in northern Sonora, Mexico, and southeast Arizona. The study area includes the San Pedro Riparian National Conservation Area (managed by the Bureau of Land Management), which has been a focal point for conservation activities and scientific research in recent decades. We applied past site-specific primary valuation studies, value transfer, the Wildlife Habitat Benefits Estimation Toolkit, and the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) and Artificial Intelligence for Ecosystem Services (ARIES) models to value locally important ecosystem services for the San Pedro River watershed—water, carbon, biodiversity, and cultural values. We tested these approaches on a series of scenarios to evaluate ecosystem service changes and the ability of the tools to accommodate scenarios. A suite of additional tools were either at too early a stage of development to run, were proprietary, or were place-specific tools inappropriate for application to the San Pedro River watershed. We described the strengths and weaknesses of these additional ecosystem service tools against a series of evaluative criteria related to their usefulness for Bureau of Land Management decisionmaking. Using these tools, we quantified gains or losses of ecosystem services under three categories of scenarios: urban growth, mesquite management, and water augmentation. These results quantify tradeoffs and could be useful for decisionmaking within Bureau of Land Management district or field offices. Results are accompanied by a relatively high level of uncertainty associated with model outputs, valuation methods, and discount rates applied. Further guidance on representing uncertainty and applying uncertain results in decisionmaking would benefit both tool developers and those offices in using ecosystem services to compare management tradeoffs. Decisionmakers and Bureau of Land Management managers at the State-, district-, and field-office level would also benefit from continuing model improvements, training, and guidance on tool use that can be provided by the U.S. Geological Survey, the Bureau of Land Management, and the Department of the Interior. Tradeoffs were identified in the level of effort needed to parameterize and run tools and the amount and quality of information they provide to the decision process. We found the Wildlife Habitat Benefits Estimation Toolkit, Ecosystem Services Review, and United Nations Environment Programme–World Conservation Monitoring Centre Ecosystem Services Toolkit to be immediately feasible for application by the Bureau of Land Management, given proper guidance on their use. It is also feasible for the Bureau of Land Management to use the InVEST model, but in early 2012 the process of parameterizing the model required resources and expertise that are unlikely to be available in most Bureau of Land Management district or field offices. Application of past primary valuation is feasible, but developing new primary-valuation studies is too time consuming for regular application. Value transfer approaches (aside from the Wildlife Habitat Benefits Estimation Toolkit) are best applied carefully on the basis of guidelines described in this report, to reduce transfer error. The ARIES model can provide useful information in regions modeled in the past (Arizona, California, Colorado, and Washington), but it lacks some features that will improve its usability, such as a generalized model that could be applied anywhere in the United States. Eleven other tools described in this report could become useful as the tools more fully develop, in high-profile cases for which additional resources are available for tool application or in case-study regions where place-specific models have already been developed. To improve the value of these tools in decisionmaking, we suggest scientific needs that agencies such as U.S. Geological Survey can help meet—for instance, development and support of data archives. Such archives could greatly reduce resource needs and improve the reliability and consistency of results. Given the rapid state of evolution in the field, periodic follow-up studies on ecosystem services tools would help to ensure that the Bureau of Land Management and other public land management agencies are kept up to date on new tools and features that bring ecosystem services closer to readiness for use in regular decisionmaking.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125251","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Bagstad, K.J., Semmens, D., Winthrop, R., Jaworksi, D., and Larson, J., 2012, Ecosystem services valuation to support decisionmaking on public lands—A case study of the San Pedro River watershed, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5251, viii, 93 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125251.","productDescription":"viii, 93 p.","numberOfPages":"105","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263687,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5251.gif"},{"id":263685,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5251/"},{"id":263686,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5251/sir2012-5251.pdf"}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 12 North","datum":"North American Datum 1983","country":"Mexico;United States","state":"Arizona;Sonora","county":"Cochise;Gila;Graham;Pima;Pinal;Santa Cruz","otherGeospatial":"San Pedro River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.75,31.0 ], [ -111.75,33.25 ], [ -109.75,33.25 ], [ -109.75,31.0 ], [ -111.75,31.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50bfb8b6e4b01744973f7796","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bagstad, Kenneth J. 0000-0001-8857-5615 kjbagstad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8857-5615","contributorId":3680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bagstad","given":"Kenneth","email":"kjbagstad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Semmens, Darius J. 0000-0001-7924-6529","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7924-6529","contributorId":64201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Semmens","given":"Darius J.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Winthrop, Rob","contributorId":60099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winthrop","given":"Rob","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jaworksi, Delilah","contributorId":75828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaworksi","given":"Delilah","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Larson, Joel","contributorId":69859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"Joel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70041359,"text":"sir20125246 - 2012 - Simulated effects of hydrologic, water quality, and land-use changes of the Lake Maumelle watershed, Arkansas, 2004–10","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":99012,"text":"sir20105239 - 2011 - Effects of Simulated Land-Use Changes on Water Quality of Lake Maumelle, Arkansas","indexId":"sir20105239","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"title":"Effects of Simulated Land-Use Changes on Water Quality of Lake Maumelle, Arkansas"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70041359,"text":"sir20125246 - 2012 - Simulated effects of hydrologic, water quality, and land-use changes of the Lake Maumelle watershed, Arkansas, 2004–10","indexId":"sir20125246","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Simulated effects of hydrologic, water quality, and land-use changes of the Lake Maumelle watershed, Arkansas, 2004–10"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-04T11:23:00","indexId":"sir20125246","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5246","title":"Simulated effects of hydrologic, water quality, and land-use changes of the Lake Maumelle watershed, Arkansas, 2004–10","docAbstract":"Lake Maumelle, located in central Arkansas northwest of the cities of Little Rock and North Little Rock, is one of two principal drinking-water supplies for the Little Rock, and North Little Rock, Arkansas, metropolitan areas. Lake Maumelle and the Maumelle River (its primary tributary) are more pristine than most other reservoirs and streams in the region with 80 percent of the land area in the entire watershed being forested. However, as the Lake Maumelle watershed becomes increasingly more urbanized and timber harvesting becomes more extensive, concerns about the sustainability of the quality of the water supply also have increased.\n\nTwo hydrodynamic and water-quality models were developed to examine the hydrology and water quality in the Lake Maumelle watershed and changes that might occur as the watershed becomes more urbanized and timber harvesting becomes more extensive. A Hydrologic Simulation Program–FORTRAN watershed model was developed using continuous streamflow and discreet suspended-sediment and water-quality data collected from January 2004 through 2010. A CE–QUAL–W2 model was developed to simulate reservoir hydrodynamics and selected water-quality characteristics using the simulated output from the Hydrologic Simulation Program–FORTRAN model from January 2004 through 2010.\n\nThe calibrated Hydrologic Simulation Program–FORTRAN model and the calibrated CE–QUAL–W2 model were developed to simulate three land-use scenarios and to examine the potential effects of these land-use changes, as defined in the model, on the water quality of Lake Maumelle during the 2004 through 2010 simulation period. These scenarios included a scenario that simulated conversion of most land in the watershed to forest (scenario 1), a scenario that simulated conversion of potentially developable land to low-intensity urban land use in part of the watershed (scenario 2), and a scenario that simulated timber harvest in part of the watershed (scenario 3). Simulated land-use changes for scenarios 1 and 3 resulted in little (generally less than 10 percent) overall effect on the simulated water quality in the Hydrologic Simulation Program–FORTRAN model. The land-use change of scenario 2 affected subwatersheds that include Bringle, Reece, and Yount Creek tributaries and most other subwatersheds that drain into the northern side of Lake Maumelle; large percent increases in loading rates (generally between 10 and 25 percent) included dissolved nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen, dissolved orthophosphate, total phosphorus, suspended sediment, dissolved ammonia nitrogen, total organic carbon, and fecal coliform bacteria.\n\nFor scenario 1, the simulated changes in nutrient, suspended sediment, and total organic carbon loads from the Hydrologic Simulation Program–FORTRAN model resulted in very slight (generally less than 10 percent) changes in simulated water quality for Lake Maumelle, relative to the baseline condition. Following lake mixing in the falls of 2006 and 2007, phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations were higher than the baseline condition and chlorophyll a responded accordingly. The increased nutrient and chlorophyll a concentrations in late October and into 2007 were enough to increase concentrations, on average, for the entire simulation period (2004–10). For scenario 2, the simulated changes in nutrient, suspended sediment, total organic carbon, and fecal coliform bacteria loads from the Lake Maumelle watershed resulted in slight changes in simulated water quality for Lake Maumelle, relative to the baseline condition (total nitrogen decreased by 0.01 milligram per liter; dissolved orthophosphate increased by 0.001 milligram per liter; chlorophyll a decreased by 0.1 microgram per liter). The differences in these concentrations are approximately an order of magnitude less than the error between measured and simulated concentrations in the baseline model. During the driest summer in the simulation period (2006), phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations were lower than the baseline condition and chlorophyll a concentrations decreased during the same summer season. The decrease in nitrogen and chlorophyll a concentrations during the dry summer in 2006 was enough to decrease concentrations of these constituents very slightly, on average, for the entire simulation period (2004–10). For scenario 3, the changes in simulated nutrient, suspended sediment, total organic carbon, and fecal coliform bacteria loads from Lake Maumelle watershed resulted in very slight changes in simulated water quality within Lake Maumelle, relative to the baseline condition, for most of the reservoir.\n\nAmong the implications of the results of the modeling described in this report are those related to scale in both space and time. Spatial scales include limited size and location of land-use changes, their effects on loading rates, and resultant effects on water quality of Lake Maumelle. Temporally, the magnitude of the water-quality changes simulated by the land-use change scenarios over the 7-year period (2004–10) are not necessarily indicative of the changes that could be expected to occur with similar land-use changes persisting over a 20-, 30-, or 40- year period, for example. These implications should be tempered by realization of the described model limitations.\n\nThe Hydrologic Simulation Program–FORTRAN watershed model was calibrated to streamflow and water-quality data from five streamflow-gaging stations, and in general, these stations characterize a range of subwatershed areas with varying land-use types. The CE–QUAL–W2 reservoir model was calibrated to water-quality data collected during January 2004 through December 2010 at three reservoir stations, representing the upper, middle, and lower sections of the reservoir.\n\nIn general, the baseline simulation for the Hydrologic Simulation Program–FORTRAN and the CE–QUAL–W2 models matched reasonably well to the measured data. Simulated and measured suspended-sediment concentrations during periods of base flow (streamflows not substantially influenced by runoff) agree reasonably well for Maumelle River at Williams Junction, the station representing the upper end of the watershed (with differences—simulated minus measured value—generally ranging from -15 to 41 milligrams per liter, and percent difference—relative to the measured value—ranging from -99 to 182 percent) and Maumelle River near Wye, the station just above the reservoir at the lower end (differences generally ranging from -20 to 22 milligrams per liter, and percent difference ranging from -100 to 194 percent). In general, water temperature and dissolved-oxygen concentration simulations followed measured seasonal trends for all stations with the largest differences occurring during periods of lowest temperatures or during the periods of lowest measured dissolved-oxygen concentrations.\n\nFor the CE–QUAL–W2 model, simulated vertical distributions of water temperatures and dissolved-oxygen concentrations agreed with measured vertical distributions over time, even for the most complex water-temperature profiles. Considering the oligotrophic-mesotrophic (low to intermediate primary productivity and associated low nutrient concentrations) condition of Lake Maumelle, simulated algae, phosphorus, and nitrogen concentrations compared well with generally low measured concentrations.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125246","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Central Arkansas Water","usgsCitation":"Hart, R.M., Green, W.R., Westerman, D.A., Petersen, J., and DeLanois, J.L., 2012, Simulated effects of hydrologic, water quality, and land-use changes of the Lake Maumelle watershed, Arkansas, 2004–10: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5246, ix, 119 p.; col. ill.; maps (col.), https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125246.","productDescription":"ix, 119 p.; col. ill.; maps (col.)","startPage":"i","endPage":"119","numberOfPages":"132","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2004-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263666,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5246.gif"},{"id":263664,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5246/"},{"id":263665,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5246/sir2012-5246.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","otherGeospatial":"Lake Maumelle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.62,33.0 ], [ -94.62,36.5 ], [ -89.65,36.5 ], [ -89.65,33.0 ], [ -94.62,33.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50bfba04e4b01744973f77ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hart, Rheannon M. 0000-0003-4657-5945 rmhart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4657-5945","contributorId":5516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Rheannon","email":"rmhart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Green, W. Reed","contributorId":87886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Reed","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Westerman, Drew A. 0000-0002-8522-776X dawester@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8522-776X","contributorId":4526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westerman","given":"Drew","email":"dawester@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Petersen, James C. petersen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"James C.","email":"petersen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":469610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"DeLanois, Jeanne L.","contributorId":58531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeLanois","given":"Jeanne","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70041307,"text":"sir20125156 - 2012 - Estimated probability of arsenic in groundwater from bedrock aquifers in New Hampshire, 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-10T15:53:54","indexId":"sir20125156","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5156","title":"Estimated probability of arsenic in groundwater from bedrock aquifers in New Hampshire, 2011","docAbstract":"<p>Probabilities of arsenic occurrence in groundwater from bedrock aquifers at concentrations of 1, 5, and 10 micrograms per liter (&micro;g/L) were estimated during 2011 using multivariate logistic regression. These estimates were developed for use by the New Hampshire Environmental Public Health Tracking Program. About 39 percent of New Hampshire bedrock groundwater was identified as having at least a 50 percent chance of containing an arsenic concentration greater than or equal to 1 &micro;g/L. This compares to about 7 percent of New Hampshire bedrock groundwater having at least a 50 percent chance of containing an arsenic concentration equaling or exceeding 5 &micro;g/L and about 5 percent of the State having at least a 50 percent chance for its bedrock groundwater to contain concentrations at or above 10 &micro;g/L. The southeastern counties of Merrimack, Strafford, Hillsborough, and Rockingham have the greatest potential for having arsenic concentrations above 5 and 10 &micro;g/L in bedrock groundwater.</p>\n<p>Significant predictors of arsenic in groundwater from bedrock aquifers for all three thresholds analyzed included geologic, geochemical, land use, hydrologic, topographic, and demographic factors. Among the three thresholds evaluated, there were some differences in explanatory variables, but many variables were the same. More than 250 individual predictor variables were assembled for this study and tested as potential predictor variables for the models. More than 1,700 individual measurements of arsenic concentration from a combination of public and private water-supply wells served as the dependent (or predicted) variable in the models.</p>\n<p>The statewide maps generated by the probability models are not designed to predict arsenic concentration in any single well, but they are expected to provide useful information in areas of the State that currently contain little to no data on arsenic concentration. They also may aid in resource decision making, in determining potential risk for private wells, and in ecological-level analysis of disease outcomes. The approach for modeling arsenic in groundwater could also be applied to other environmental contaminants that have potential implications for human health, such as uranium, radon, fluoride, manganese, volatile organic compounds, nitrate, and bacteria.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125156","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Hampshire Department of Health and Human Services and the New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services","usgsCitation":"Ayotte, J., Cahillane, M., Hayes, L., and Robinson, K.W., 2012, Estimated probability of arsenic in groundwater from bedrock aquifers in New Hampshire, 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5156, Report: vi, 25 p.; Geospatial Data, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125156.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 25 p.; Geospatial Data","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263642,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5156.gif"},{"id":263592,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5156/"},{"id":263632,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5156/pdf/sir2012-5156_ayotte_508.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.70 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":263633,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5156/pdf/usgs_nh_as.zip","text":"Geospatial data","size":"122 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"Geospatial data"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-72.4521,43.161414],[-72.452556,43.172117],[-72.443405,43.179729],[-72.45028,43.192485],[-72.437719,43.20275],[-72.4405,43.219049],[-72.433796,43.232999],[-72.438937,43.24424],[-72.438693,43.252905],[-72.435221,43.258483],[-72.421583,43.263442],[-72.41545,43.271374],[-72.407842,43.282892],[-72.401666,43.303395],[-72.395462,43.312994],[-72.410353,43.331675],[-72.400981,43.345775],[-72.390103,43.356926],[-72.403949,43.358098],[-72.413377,43.362741],[-72.415978,43.376531],[-72.413154,43.384302],[-72.403811,43.391935],[-72.395659,43.438541],[-72.390567,43.451225],[-72.3925,43.467364],[-72.382951,43.476],[-72.381723,43.480091],[-72.380894,43.493394],[-72.384773,43.500259],[-72.396305,43.508062],[-72.398563,43.513435],[-72.394218,43.5274],[-72.389097,43.528266],[-72.380383,43.54088],[-72.382783,43.562459],[-72.37944,43.574069],[-72.373126,43.579419],[-72.349926,43.587726],[-72.328514,43.600805],[-72.328232,43.606839],[-72.3327,43.610313],[-72.334401,43.61925],[-72.33236,43.62507],[-72.327236,43.630534],[-72.32966,43.634648],[-72.314083,43.64281],[-72.31402,43.656158],[-72.304322,43.669507],[-72.303092,43.678078],[-72.30602,43.683061],[-72.305326,43.69577],[-72.299715,43.706558],[-72.292215,43.711333],[-72.27118,43.734138],[-72.264245,43.734158],[-72.232713,43.748286],[-72.218099,43.765729],[-72.205193,43.770952],[-72.2053,43.784474],[-72.195552,43.791492],[-72.190754,43.800807],[-72.184847,43.804698],[-72.183333,43.808177],[-72.18857,43.821153],[-72.182203,43.834032],[-72.182864,43.845109],[-72.187916,43.856126],[-72.184788,43.863393],[-72.182956,43.865335],[-72.167476,43.86915],[-72.173576,43.87967],[-72.170604,43.886388],[-72.160819,43.887223],[-72.151324,43.901704],[-72.121002,43.918956],[-72.118013,43.923292],[-72.116767,43.933923],[-72.118985,43.943225],[-72.117839,43.946828],[-72.105875,43.94937],[-72.098689,43.95766],[-72.100543,43.962478],[-72.090357,43.965409],[-72.104972,43.96995],[-72.110945,43.966959],[-72.114273,43.967513],[-72.111756,43.984943],[-72.116985,43.99448],[-72.103765,44.002837],[-72.105292,44.012663],[-72.102475,44.014882],[-72.098897,44.015477],[-72.093384,44.01045],[-72.090059,44.009903],[-72.090504,44.012736],[-72.095193,44.016666],[-72.0951,44.021831],[-72.09203,44.024459],[-72.084871,44.021308],[-72.082432,44.022154],[-72.081357,44.028529],[-72.075004,44.032789],[-72.079397,44.039531],[-72.078989,44.042886],[-72.06215,44.049931],[-72.068405,44.054021],[-72.067612,44.058034],[-72.057173,44.058646],[-72.048289,44.069136],[-72.051602,44.075193],[-72.042088,44.077008],[-72.036641,44.073999],[-72.031898,44.076241],[-72.048781,44.087141],[-72.046235,44.089538],[-72.03429,44.090138],[-72.031878,44.093359],[-72.03124,44.100101],[-72.039674,44.103371],[-72.042943,44.097636],[-72.048334,44.096905],[-72.052391,44.101088],[-72.054831,44.110137],[-72.052342,44.119891],[-72.041948,44.125653],[-72.037506,44.124708],[-72.033703,44.131541],[-72.041983,44.137165],[-72.042867,44.151288],[-72.040167,44.157023],[-72.042387,44.160817],[-72.047593,44.161801],[-72.053021,44.167903],[-72.057496,44.179444],[-72.066166,44.189773],[-72.064577,44.196949],[-72.058987,44.202114],[-72.058605,44.208215],[-72.053233,44.216876],[-72.053582,44.22604],[-72.047889,44.238493],[-72.050112,44.244046],[-72.059782,44.256018],[-72.061174,44.263377],[-72.05874,44.270005],[-72.064544,44.267997],[-72.067774,44.270976],[-72.065434,44.277235],[-72.053355,44.290501],[-72.046302,44.291983],[-72.033465,44.301878],[-72.033136,44.320365],[-72.029061,44.322398],[-72.01913,44.320383],[-72.009977,44.321951],[-71.988306,44.329768],[-71.984617,44.336243],[-71.98112,44.3375],[-71.945163,44.337744],[-71.935395,44.33577],[-71.92911,44.337577],[-71.917434,44.346535],[-71.906909,44.348284],[-71.872472,44.336628],[-71.852628,44.340873],[-71.833261,44.350136],[-71.814351,44.354541],[-71.812206,44.357356],[-71.816157,44.367559],[-71.812424,44.372532],[-71.815251,44.374594],[-71.814388,44.381932],[-71.800316,44.384276],[-71.803488,44.39189],[-71.793924,44.399271],[-71.778613,44.399799],[-71.761966,44.407027],[-71.756091,44.406401],[-71.749533,44.401955],[-71.743104,44.401657],[-71.735923,44.410062],[-71.715087,44.41049],[-71.699434,44.416069],[-71.67995,44.427908],[-71.679933,44.434062],[-71.66183,44.440293],[-71.653348,44.460499],[-71.645068,44.460545],[-71.640404,44.464186],[-71.647864,44.469976],[-71.64589,44.475141],[-71.639312,44.477836],[-71.632795,44.48389],[-71.627655,44.484207],[-71.622089,44.481387],[-71.617614,44.485715],[-71.609568,44.484348],[-71.59948,44.486455],[-71.594303,44.500749],[-71.586972,44.498526],[-71.586648,44.502873],[-71.577643,44.502692],[-71.577068,44.504041],[-71.583233,44.508268],[-71.594259,44.52168],[-71.582505,44.524403],[-71.574456,44.53366],[-71.573083,44.53798],[-71.575193,44.540859],[-71.596804,44.553424],[-71.598116,44.555412],[-71.596137,44.560898],[-71.59017,44.565694],[-71.569599,44.562777],[-71.559846,44.564119],[-71.557972,44.570451],[-71.552629,44.569543],[-71.548728,44.571873],[-71.5533,44.576924],[-71.5532,44.580683],[-71.544922,44.579278],[-71.537724,44.584785],[-71.536251,44.588441],[-71.553447,44.593451],[-71.556014,44.601383],[-71.553873,44.607069],[-71.55656,44.616988],[-71.55576,44.624119],[-71.551722,44.627598],[-71.554634,44.632197],[-71.562124,44.63658],[-71.562636,44.639505],[-71.558859,44.640122],[-71.558571,44.644373],[-71.566144,44.653863],[-71.570235,44.650483],[-71.575145,44.650612],[-71.57571,44.654574],[-71.586578,44.659478],[-71.584574,44.665351],[-71.585645,44.669277],[-71.581983,44.673533],[-71.596304,44.679083],[-71.594224,44.683815],[-71.598042,44.692818],[-71.59436,44.695996],[-71.600162,44.698919],[-71.59975,44.705318],[-71.604912,44.70815],[-71.613094,44.718933],[-71.618355,44.72261],[-71.617431,44.72805],[-71.624922,44.729032],[-71.62518,44.743978],[-71.626909,44.747224],[-71.631109,44.748689],[-71.631883,44.752463],[-71.617941,44.755883],[-71.614238,44.758664],[-71.611767,44.764345],[-71.604615,44.767738],[-71.596035,44.775422],[-71.596949,44.778987],[-71.592966,44.782776],[-71.580005,44.78548],[-71.573247,44.791882],[-71.571706,44.79483],[-71.573129,44.797947],[-71.569216,44.808813],[-71.572864,44.810383],[-71.5755,44.816058],[-71.567907,44.823832],[-71.562256,44.824632],[-71.557672,44.834421],[-71.552218,44.837775],[-71.556805,44.848808],[-71.548345,44.85553],[-71.550176,44.861609],[-71.545901,44.866134],[-71.534588,44.869698],[-71.529154,44.873559],[-71.528889,44.876928],[-71.512292,44.890246],[-71.51387,44.894648],[-71.501088,44.904433],[-71.495844,44.90498],[-71.49392,44.910923],[-71.500788,44.914535],[-71.515189,44.927317],[-71.516949,44.939704],[-71.514843,44.958741],[-71.516223,44.964569],[-71.52237,44.966308],[-71.527163,44.973668],[-71.531605,44.976023],[-71.538592,44.988182],[-71.53698,44.994177],[-71.530091,44.999656],[-71.514609,45.003957],[-71.507767,45.00817],[-71.487565,45.000936],[-71.479611,45.002905],[-71.476168,45.009054],[-71.464555,45.013637],[-71.502487,45.013367],[-71.500069,45.014212],[-71.499945,45.026323],[-71.494009,45.034345],[-71.491085,45.043671],[-71.49315,45.045772],[-71.500874,45.04511],[-71.505222,45.048791],[-71.505091,45.051465],[-71.500545,45.051943],[-71.497738,45.054751],[-71.496105,45.065082],[-71.498399,45.069629],[-71.489145,45.072308],[-71.486345,45.078503],[-71.480219,45.081316],[-71.480897,45.08303],[-71.471382,45.084199],[-71.467447,45.086851],[-71.464837,45.093023],[-71.449257,45.104522],[-71.445613,45.113367],[-71.440577,45.114464],[-71.428828,45.123881],[-71.426755,45.129672],[-71.437216,45.142333],[-71.433179,45.149166],[-71.42675,45.153257],[-71.423616,45.161096],[-71.424616,45.165872],[-71.419058,45.170488],[-71.414853,45.184908],[-71.408777,45.18797],[-71.405636,45.198139],[-71.39781,45.203553],[-71.403267,45.215348],[-71.415553,45.218001],[-71.417233,45.221293],[-71.44288,45.234799],[-71.443883,45.237061],[-71.438546,45.239004],[-71.433014,45.237656],[-71.429326,45.234228],[-71.420335,45.232719],[-71.402638,45.242589],[-71.394422,45.241216],[-71.391901,45.237216],[-71.385629,45.233214],[-71.37763,45.244203],[-71.363013,45.248205],[-71.357253,45.253336],[-71.356835,45.257175],[-71.363218,45.266429],[-71.360664,45.269835],[-71.353446,45.268695],[-71.347622,45.272125],[-71.344029,45.271167],[-71.336392,45.273066],[-71.331733,45.279969],[-71.320922,45.282324],[-71.314318,45.287033],[-71.309008,45.287238],[-71.301107,45.296563],[-71.284396,45.302434],[-71.28074,45.295188],[-71.27232,45.296694],[-71.264939,45.293446],[-71.266754,45.29123],[-71.262136,45.276098],[-71.250393,45.269191],[-71.245503,45.26887],[-71.239346,45.261925],[-71.236271,45.261126],[-71.231122,45.249712],[-71.221994,45.253543],[-71.220634,45.251121],[-71.2118,45.250457],[-71.203033,45.254302],[-71.198276,45.254257],[-71.194878,45.250515],[-71.183785,45.244932],[-71.180905,45.239858],[-71.173367,45.246348],[-71.162845,45.250332],[-71.148165,45.242412],[-71.13943,45.242958],[-71.131953,45.245423],[-71.127962,45.253672],[-71.124517,45.25527],[-71.119914,45.262287],[-71.120112,45.265738],[-71.116332,45.272322],[-71.107339,45.278612],[-71.105691,45.282498],[-71.109349,45.282222],[-71.110743,45.284576],[-71.105151,45.294635],[-71.097772,45.301906],[-71.085564,45.305476],[-71.076914,45.246912],[-71.059004,45.004918],[-71.037518,44.755607],[-71.012749,44.340784],[-70.992842,43.916269],[-70.989067,43.79244],[-70.982083,43.715043],[-70.972716,43.570255],[-70.957234,43.561358],[-70.955017,43.554239],[-70.950838,43.551026],[-70.955252,43.540887],[-70.962153,43.541036],[-70.963531,43.536756],[-70.95822,43.531586],[-70.957214,43.524994],[-70.954066,43.52261],[-70.956856,43.512719],[-70.954755,43.509802],[-70.957958,43.508041],[-70.959185,43.499351],[-70.969572,43.486201],[-70.967968,43.480783],[-70.974245,43.47742],[-70.970946,43.4739],[-70.964542,43.473262],[-70.961428,43.469696],[-70.96045,43.466592],[-70.9669,43.450458],[-70.96164,43.443039],[-70.96115,43.438321],[-70.968782,43.434891],[-70.968359,43.429283],[-70.971039,43.425606],[-70.982898,43.419332],[-70.986812,43.414264],[-70.986677,43.403541],[-70.982565,43.39778],[-70.982876,43.394808],[-70.98739,43.393457],[-70.987649,43.389521],[-70.985205,43.386745],[-70.985965,43.380023],[-70.974156,43.362925],[-70.974863,43.357969],[-70.967229,43.343777],[-70.960439,43.341048],[-70.956528,43.334691],[-70.953034,43.333257],[-70.93711,43.337367],[-70.932735,43.33676],[-70.930783,43.329569],[-70.916421,43.320279],[-70.912004,43.319821],[-70.91246,43.308289],[-70.907405,43.304782],[-70.90231,43.304872],[-70.900386,43.301358],[-70.907405,43.293582],[-70.906005,43.291682],[-70.896304,43.285282],[-70.886504,43.282783],[-70.882804,43.273183],[-70.86323,43.265109],[-70.858207,43.256286],[-70.855082,43.255191],[-70.852015,43.256808],[-70.843302,43.254321],[-70.839213,43.251224],[-70.841059,43.249699],[-70.838678,43.242931],[-70.817865,43.237911],[-70.815453,43.229023],[-70.811852,43.228306],[-70.80964,43.225407],[-70.813119,43.217252],[-70.816903,43.214604],[-70.820763,43.19978],[-70.819344,43.193036],[-70.827201,43.189485],[-70.828301,43.186685],[-70.823501,43.174585],[-70.828301,43.168985],[-70.829101,43.157886],[-70.8338,43.146886],[-70.8268,43.127086],[-70.78388,43.100867],[-70.779098,43.095887],[-70.766398,43.092688],[-70.756397,43.079988],[-70.741897,43.077388],[-70.737897,43.073488],[-70.708896,43.074989],[-70.704696,43.070989],[-70.703799,43.059574],[-70.71363,43.056006],[-70.71355,43.042077],[-70.718936,43.03235],[-70.730426,43.025392],[-70.734363,43.013307],[-70.743793,43.008027],[-70.749969,42.991689],[-70.756701,42.991337],[-70.761474,42.986681],[-70.765222,42.975349],[-70.7718,42.968064],[-70.769673,42.964419],[-70.771729,42.961321],[-70.775597,42.957213],[-70.780383,42.955798],[-70.793996,42.93989],[-70.797806,42.930037],[-70.798153,42.920926],[-70.805971,42.916549],[-70.810069,42.909549],[-70.810999,42.892375],[-70.81586,42.88625],[-70.817296,42.87229],[-70.830795,42.868918],[-70.848625,42.860939],[-70.886136,42.88261],[-70.902768,42.88653],[-70.914886,42.886564],[-70.930799,42.884589],[-70.9665,42.868989],[-71.031201,42.859089],[-71.044401,42.848789],[-71.047501,42.844089],[-71.064201,42.806289],[-71.132503,42.821389],[-71.165603,42.808689],[-71.186104,42.790689],[-71.181803,42.73759],[-71.223904,42.746689],[-71.245504,42.742589],[-71.267905,42.72589],[-71.278929,42.711258],[-71.294205,42.69699],[-71.981402,42.713294],[-72.458519,42.726853],[-72.461001,42.733209],[-72.473071,42.745916],[-72.477615,42.761245],[-72.484878,42.76554],[-72.491122,42.772465],[-72.497949,42.772918],[-72.50069,42.767657],[-72.507985,42.764414],[-72.513105,42.763822],[-72.516082,42.765949],[-72.514836,42.771436],[-72.508372,42.77461],[-72.508858,42.779919],[-72.515838,42.78856],[-72.542784,42.808482],[-72.54855,42.842021],[-72.557247,42.853019],[-72.554232,42.860038],[-72.556214,42.86695],[-72.552834,42.884968],[-72.540708,42.889379],[-72.532777,42.896076],[-72.530218,42.911576],[-72.52443,42.915575],[-72.527431,42.943148],[-72.534554,42.949894],[-72.532186,42.954945],[-72.518422,42.96317],[-72.492597,42.967648],[-72.481706,42.973985],[-72.473827,42.972045],[-72.461627,42.982906],[-72.465335,42.989558],[-72.46294,42.996943],[-72.456936,43.001306],[-72.448714,43.001169],[-72.443762,43.006245],[-72.444635,43.010566],[-72.457035,43.017285],[-72.462397,43.02556],[-72.460252,43.040671],[-72.465896,43.047505],[-72.467363,43.052648],[-72.463812,43.057404],[-72.445202,43.071352],[-72.435316,43.083536],[-72.435191,43.086622],[-72.443051,43.100841],[-72.440587,43.106145],[-72.433129,43.112637],[-72.432972,43.119655],[-72.442933,43.130192],[-72.44078,43.131472],[-72.440905,43.135793],[-72.451986,43.138924],[-72.45689,43.146558],[-72.45714,43.148493],[-72.451802,43.153486],[-72.4521,43.161414]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"New Hampshire\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50bfb93ee4b01744973f779e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ayotte, Joseph D. jayotte@usgs.gov","contributorId":1802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayotte","given":"Joseph D.","email":"jayotte@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":469509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cahillane, Matthew","contributorId":90615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cahillane","given":"Matthew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hayes, Laura 0000-0002-4488-1343 lhayes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4488-1343","contributorId":2791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Laura","email":"lhayes@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Robinson, Keith W. kwrobins@usgs.gov","contributorId":2969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Keith","email":"kwrobins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":469511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70041305,"text":"70041305 - 2012 - Estimation of speciated and total mercury dry deposition at monitoring locations in eastern and central North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-05T09:32:59","indexId":"70041305","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":922,"text":"Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of speciated and total mercury dry deposition at monitoring locations in eastern and central North America","docAbstract":"Dry deposition of speciated mercury, i.e., gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM), particulate-bound mercury (PBM), and gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), was estimated for the year 2008–2009 at 19 monitoring locations in eastern and central North America. Dry deposition estimates were obtained by combining monitored two- to four-hourly speciated ambient concentrations with modeled hourly dry deposition velocities (V<sub>d</sub>) calculated using forecasted meteorology. Annual dry deposition of GOM+PBM was estimated to be in the range of 0.4 to 8.1 μg m<sup>−2</sup> at these locations with GOM deposition being mostly five to ten times higher than PBM deposition, due to their different modeled V<sub>d</sub> values. Net annual GEM dry deposition was estimated to be in the range of 5 to 26 μg m<sup>−2</sup> at 18 sites and 33 μg m<sup>−2</sup> at one site. The estimated dry deposition agrees very well with limited surrogate-surface dry deposition measurements of GOM and PBM, and also agrees with litterfall mercury measurements conducted at multiple locations in eastern and central North America. This study suggests that GEM contributes much more than GOM+PBM to the total dry deposition at the majority of the sites considered here; the only exception is at locations close to significant point sources where GEM and GOM+PBM contribute equally to the total dry deposition. The relative magnitude of the speciated dry deposition and their good comparisons with litterfall deposition suggest that mercury in litterfall originates primarily from GEM, which is consistent with the limited number of previous field studies. The study also supports previous analyses suggesting that total dry deposition of mercury is equal to, if not more important than, wet deposition of mercury on a regional scale in eastern North America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union (Copernicus Publications)","publisherLocation":"Munich, Germany","doi":"10.5194/acp-12-4327-2012","usgsCitation":"Zhang, L., Blanchard, P., Gay, D., Prestbo, E., Risch, M., Johnson, D., Narayan, J., Zsolway, R., Holsen, T., Miller, E., Castro, M., Graydon, J., , L., and Dalziel, J., 2012, Estimation of speciated and total mercury dry deposition at monitoring locations in eastern and central North America: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, v. 12, no. 9, p. 4327-4340, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-4327-2012.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"4327","endPage":"4340","ipdsId":"IP-033882","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489181,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-4327-2012","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":263594,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-4327-2012"},{"id":263596,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States;Canada","otherGeospatial":"Piney Reservoir;Beltsville;Grand Bay Nerr;Thompson Farm;Brigantine;New Brunswick;Chester;Elizabeth Lab;Kejimkujik National Park;Bronx;Huntington Wildlife;Rochester;Rochester B;Athens Super Site;Stilwell;Antelope Island;Salt Lake City;Underhill;Canaan Valley Institute;Experimental Lakes Area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.46,29.45 ], [ -114.46,50.51 ], [ -61.68,50.51 ], [ -61.68,29.45 ], [ -114.46,29.45 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"12","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-05-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50bd12dce4b069d93eefc4b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, L.","contributorId":41543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blanchard, P.","contributorId":70267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blanchard","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gay, D.A.","contributorId":54018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gay","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Prestbo, E.M.","contributorId":83739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prestbo","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Risch, M.R.","contributorId":55032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risch","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Johnson, D.","contributorId":85955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Narayan, J.","contributorId":41309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Narayan","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Zsolway, R.","contributorId":32059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zsolway","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Holsen, T.M.","contributorId":33122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holsen","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Miller, E. K.","contributorId":9832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"E. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Castro, M.S.","contributorId":65358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castro","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Graydon, J.A.","contributorId":7902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graydon","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":" Louis","contributorId":71353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"given":"Louis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Dalziel, J.","contributorId":64484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dalziel","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}}
,{"id":70041310,"text":"70041310 - 2012 - Bird use of fields treated postharvest with two types of flooding in Tulare Basin, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-03T15:13:31","indexId":"70041310","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2287,"text":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bird use of fields treated postharvest with two types of flooding in Tulare Basin, California","docAbstract":"We surveyed birds on grain and non-grain fields in the Tulare Basin of California treated post-harvest with two types of flooding that varied in duration and depth of water applied (Flooded-type fields [FLD]: <1 cm-1.5 m for >1 week; Irrigated-type fields [IRG]: <1-15 cm water for <1 week at a time). Our goal was to compare use of these field types by birds to guide habitat conservation in the region. During 19 August-6 December 2005, we counted a total of 80,316 birds during 23 surveys of 5 FLD (4 wheat, 1 alfalfa) fields and 8,225 birds during 38 surveys of 33 IRG (23 cotton, 4 tomato, 3 wheat, 1 alfalfa, 1 oat, 1 fallow) fields. We recorded 14 waterfowl (13 duck, 1 goose), 29 other waterbird (coots, shorebirds, grebes, pelicans, herons, egrets, gulls, terns), and 14 non-waterbird (passerines, raptors, and vultures) species on FLD fields compared to 5 duck, 14 other waterbird, and 9 non-waterbird species on IRG fields. Species composition differed by field type; waterfowl (FLD vs. IRG, 16.2% vs. 1.3%) and other waterbirds (80.4% vs. 71.6%) comprised a greater percentage and non-waterbirds (3.5% vs. 27.1%) a lower percentage of birds on FLD than on IRG fields. The modeled density estimate of waterfowl was 108 times greater on FLD than IRG fields and 7.4 times greater on grain than non-grain fields. The density estimate of other waterbirds was 11.8 times greater on FLD than IRG fields and 4.4 times greater on grain than non-grain fields. The density estimate of non-waterbirds was 14.3 times greater on grain than non-grain fields but did not differ by flood type. Long duration (i.e., >1 week) flooding increased waterbird use of grain fields in the Tulare Basin more than in the northern Central Valley. Thus, even though water costs are high in the Tulare Basin, if net benefit to waterbirds is considered, management programs that increase availability of FLD-type fields (especially grain) in the Tulare Basin may be a cost-effective option to help meet waterbird habitat conservation goals in the Central Valley of California.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Arlington, VA","doi":"10.3996/092011-JFWM-056","usgsCitation":"Fleskes, J.P., Skalos, D.A., and Farinha, M.A., 2012, Bird use of fields treated postharvest with two types of flooding in Tulare Basin, California: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, v. 3, no. 1, p. 164-174, https://doi.org/10.3996/092011-JFWM-056.","productDescription":"11 p.; Supplemental Material","startPage":"164","endPage":"174","ipdsId":"IP-032377","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474226,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3996/092011-jfwm-056","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":263635,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263634,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3996/092011-JFWM-056"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Central Valley;Tulare;Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.1851,34.8421 ], [ -121.1851,36.9861 ], [ -118.5257,36.9861 ], [ -118.5257,34.8421 ], [ -121.1851,34.8421 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"3","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50bdc9eae4b0f6301734766f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fleskes, Joseph P. 0000-0001-5388-6675 joe_fleskes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5388-6675","contributorId":1889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleskes","given":"Joseph","email":"joe_fleskes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":469513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Skalos, Daniel A.","contributorId":64123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skalos","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Farinha, Melissa A.","contributorId":7791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farinha","given":"Melissa","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70042214,"text":"70042214 - 2012 - 3-D reconstructions of subsurface Pleistocene basalt flows from paleomagnetic inclination data and <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar ages in the southern part of the Idaho National Laboratory (INL), Idaho (USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-03T15:17:24.593109","indexId":"70042214","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T14:45:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"3-D reconstructions of subsurface Pleistocene basalt flows from paleomagnetic inclination data and <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar ages in the southern part of the Idaho National Laboratory (INL), Idaho (USA)","docAbstract":"<p>The U. S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, is mapping the distribution of basalt flows and sedimentary interbeds at the Idaho National Laboratory in three dimensions to provide data for refining numerical models of groundwater flow and contaminant transport in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer. Paleomagnetic inclination and polarity data from basalt samples from 47 coreholes are being used to create a three-dimensional (3-D) model of the subsurface of the southern part of the INL. Surface and sub-surface basalt flows can be identified in individual cores and traced in three dimensions on the surface and in the subsurface for distances of more than 20 km using a combination of paleomagnetic, stratigraphic, and <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar data. Eastern Snake River Plain olivine tholeiite basalts have K<sub>2</sub>O contents of 0.2 to 1.0 weight per cent. In spite of the low-K content, high-precision <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar ages were obtained by applying a protocol that employs short irradiation times (minimizing interferences from Ca derived <sup>36</sup>Ar), frequent measurement of various size atmospheric Ar pipettes to monitor and correct for temporal variation, and signal size dependent nonlinearity in spectrometer mass bias, resulting in age dates with resolution generally between 2 to 10% of the age. 3-D models of subsurface basalt flows are being used to: (1) Estimate eruption volumes; (2) locate the approximate vent areas and extent of sub-surface flows; and (3) Help locate high and low transmissivity zones. Results indicate that large basalt eruptions (&gt;3 km<sup>3</sup>) occurred at and near the Central Facilities Area between 637 ka and 360 ka; at and near the Radioactive Waste Management Complex before 540 ka; and north of the Naval Reactors Facility at about 580 ka. Since about 360 ka, large basalt flows have erupted along the Arco-Big Southern Butte Volcanic Rift Zone and the Axial Volcanic Zone, and flowed northerly towards the Central Facilities Area. Basalt eruptions shifted the course of the Big Lost River from a more southerly course to its present one.</p>","conferenceTitle":"American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","usgsCitation":"Hodges, M., Champion, D.E., Turrin, B.D., and Swisher, C.C., 2012, 3-D reconstructions of subsurface Pleistocene basalt flows from paleomagnetic inclination data and <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar ages in the southern part of the Idaho National Laboratory (INL), Idaho (USA), American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting, HTML Document.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-042382","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310830,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":310829,"rank":1,"type":{"id":1,"text":"Abstract"},"url":"https://abstractsearch.agu.org/meetings/2012/FM/V13B-2841.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.0835494995117,\n              43.48892214178582\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.99789047241211,\n              43.48892214178582\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.99789047241211,\n              43.539215993938164\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.0835494995117,\n              43.539215993938164\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.0835494995117,\n              43.48892214178582\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"563494aee4b048076347fb85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hodges, Mary K. V. 0000-0001-8708-0354 mkhodges@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8708-0354","contributorId":3023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodges","given":"Mary K. V.","email":"mkhodges@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":578785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Champion, Duane E. 0000-0001-7854-9034 dchamp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7854-9034","contributorId":2912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Champion","given":"Duane","email":"dchamp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Turrin, B. D.","contributorId":32548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turrin","given":"B.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":516098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swisher, C. C. III","contributorId":39139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swisher","given":"C.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":516095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70057583,"text":"70057583 - 2012 - Ground water and climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T15:24:05","indexId":"70057583","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T14:14:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2841,"text":"Nature Climate Change","onlineIssn":"1758-6798","printIssn":"1758-678X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground water and climate change","docAbstract":"As the world's largest distributed store of fresh water, ground water plays a central part in sustaining ecosystems and enabling human adaptation to climate variability and change. The strategic importance of ground water for global water and food security will probably intensify under climate change as more frequent and intense climate extremes (droughts and floods) increase variability in precipitation, soil moisture and surface water. Here we critically review recent research assessing the impacts of climate on ground water through natural and human-induced processes as well as through groundwater-driven feedbacks on the climate system. Furthermore, we examine the possible opportunities and challenges of using and sustaining groundwater resources in climate adaptation strategies, and highlight the lack of groundwater observations, which, at present, limits our understanding of the dynamic relationship between ground water and climate.","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","doi":"10.1038/NCLIMATE1744","usgsCitation":"Taylor, R.G., Scanlon, B., Doll, P., Rodell, M., van Beek, R., Wada, Y., Longuevergne, L., Leblanc, M., Famiglietti, J.S., Edmunds, M., Konikow, L.F., Green, T.R., Chen, J., Taniguchi, M., Bierkens, M.F., MacDonald, A., Fan, Y., Maxwell, R.M., Yechieli, Y., Gurdak, J., Allen, D.M., Shamsudduha, M., Hiscock, K., Yeh, P.J., Holman, I., and Treidel, H., 2012, Ground water and climate change: Nature Climate Change, v. 3, p. 322-329, https://doi.org/10.1038/NCLIMATE1744.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"322","endPage":"329","ipdsId":"IP-040827","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474227,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140006609","text":"External Repository"},{"id":279849,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-11-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5295d10de4b0becc369c8b23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, Richard G.","contributorId":26610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scanlon, Bridget R.","contributorId":74093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scanlon","given":"Bridget R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Doll, Petra","contributorId":84656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doll","given":"Petra","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rodell, Matt","contributorId":93806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodell","given":"Matt","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"van Beek, Rens","contributorId":106788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Beek","given":"Rens","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wada, Yoshihide","contributorId":83827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wada","given":"Yoshihide","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Longuevergne, Laurent","contributorId":83014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longuevergne","given":"Laurent","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Leblanc, Marc","contributorId":65756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leblanc","given":"Marc","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Famiglietti, James S.","contributorId":6753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Famiglietti","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Edmunds, Mike","contributorId":90200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edmunds","given":"Mike","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Green, Timothy R.","contributorId":93587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Chen, Jianyao","contributorId":90201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"Jianyao","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Taniguchi, Makoto","contributorId":89789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taniguchi","given":"Makoto","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Bierkens, Marc F.P.","contributorId":28890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bierkens","given":"Marc","email":"","middleInitial":"F.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"MacDonald, Alan","contributorId":62916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacDonald","given":"Alan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Fan, Ying","contributorId":48856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fan","given":"Ying","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Maxwell, Reed M.","contributorId":95373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maxwell","given":"Reed","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Yechieli, Yossi","contributorId":7170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yechieli","given":"Yossi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Gurdak, Jason J.","contributorId":65125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gurdak","given":"Jason J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Allen, Diana M.","contributorId":83010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Diana","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Shamsudduha, Mohammad","contributorId":7171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shamsudduha","given":"Mohammad","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Hiscock, Kevin","contributorId":11499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hiscock","given":"Kevin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Yeh, Pat J.-F.","contributorId":63297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yeh","given":"Pat","email":"","middleInitial":"J.-F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Holman, Ian","contributorId":99876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holman","given":"Ian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Treidel, Holger","contributorId":25854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Treidel","given":"Holger","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26}]}}
,{"id":70129120,"text":"70129120 - 2012 - Description of the U.S. Geological Survey Geo Data Portal data integration framework","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-17T11:55:02","indexId":"70129120","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T11:51:58","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1942,"text":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Description of the U.S. Geological Survey Geo Data Portal data integration framework","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey has developed an open-standard data integration framework for working efficiently and effectively with large collections of climate and other geoscience data. A web interface accesses catalog datasets to find data services. Data resources can then be rendered for mapping and dataset metadata are derived directly from these web services. Algorithm configuration and information needed to retrieve data for processing are passed to a server where all large-volume data access and manipulation takes place. The data integration strategy described here was implemented by leveraging existing free and open source software. Details of the software used are omitted; rather, emphasis is placed on how open-standard web services and data encodings can be used in an architecture that integrates common geographic and atmospheric data.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1109/JSTARS.2012.2196759","usgsCitation":"Blodgett, D.L., Booth, N., Kunicki, T.C., Walker, J.I., and Lucido, J., 2012, Description of the U.S. Geological Survey Geo Data Portal data integration framework: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, v. 5, no. 6, p. 1687-1691, https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2012.2196759.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1687","endPage":"1691","numberOfPages":"5","ipdsId":"IP-034402","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295456,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295455,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2012.2196759"}],"volume":"5","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54422f9ce4b0192a5a42f3d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blodgett, David L. 0000-0001-9489-1710 dblodgett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9489-1710","contributorId":3868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blodgett","given":"David","email":"dblodgett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5054,"text":"Office of Water Information","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Booth, Nathaniel L. nlbooth@usgs.gov","contributorId":651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Booth","given":"Nathaniel L.","email":"nlbooth@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":503439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kunicki, Thomas C. tkunicki@usgs.gov","contributorId":4609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunicki","given":"Thomas","email":"tkunicki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":503442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Walker, Jordan I. 0000-0003-2226-3373 jiwalker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2226-3373","contributorId":4608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"Jordan","email":"jiwalker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":160,"text":"Center for Integrated Data Analytics","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lucido, Jessica M. jlucido@usgs.gov","contributorId":4695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucido","given":"Jessica M.","email":"jlucido@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":160,"text":"Center for Integrated Data Analytics","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70148124,"text":"70148124 - 2012 - Age, growth, and reproductive biology of three catostomids from the Apalachicola River, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-03T10:25:01","indexId":"70148124","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2287,"text":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age, growth, and reproductive biology of three catostomids from the Apalachicola River, Florida","docAbstract":"<p>Riverine catostomids can show a wide range of interspecific variation in life-history characteristics. Understanding these differences is an important consideration in evaluating the sensitivity of these fishes to disturbance and in formulating effective conservation strategies, particularly when dealing with an assemblage consisting of multiple species within a watershed. We collected Apalachicola redhorse <i>Moxostoma</i> n. sp. cf. <i>poecilurum</i> (<i>n</i> = 125), spotted sucker <i>Minytrema melanops</i> (<i>n</i> = 94), and quillback <i>Carpiodes cyprinus</i> (<i>n</i> = 94) to determine age, growth, and reproductive biology of spawning catostomids in the Apalachicola River, Florida, during 2007. Quillback was the smallest in total length at age; longest-lived; most fecund; and produced the smallest eggs. Apalachicola redhorse was the largest in body size; had an intermediate life span; and produced the fewest yet largest eggs. Spotted sucker was more similar to Apalachicola redhorse in most characteristics. Growth during ages 1-3 in all three species seemed to be negatively related to the proportion of observations of extreme flow, both high (Q<sub>90</sub>) and low (Q<sub>10</sub>), per year and a positive response in growth rate to high flows (&gt;Q<sub>75</sub> but &lt; Q<sub>90</sub>). However, Apalachicola redhorse and spotted sucker growth was more sensitive to flow conditions than that of quillback. Our results suggest the life histories and ecological response of Apalachicola River catostomids to flow regulation are important components for developing strategies that incorporate the needs of these fishery resources into an ecosystem-based management approach.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3996/012012-JFWM-008","usgsCitation":"Grabowski, T.B., Young, S., Isely, J.J., and Ely, P.C., 2012, Age, growth, and reproductive biology of three catostomids from the Apalachicola River, Florida: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, v. 3, no. 2, p. 223-237, https://doi.org/10.3996/012012-JFWM-008.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"223","endPage":"237","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-034432","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":301004,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","volume":"3","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5570252ce4b0d9246a9fd181","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grabowski, Timothy B. 0000-0001-9763-8948 tgrabowski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9763-8948","contributorId":4178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grabowski","given":"Timothy","email":"tgrabowski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Young, S.P.","contributorId":50265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Isely, J. Jeffery","contributorId":97224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isely","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jeffery","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ely, Patrick C.","contributorId":42686,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ely","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13267,"text":"Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70171007,"text":"70171007 - 2012 - Biodegradability of dissolved organic carbon in the Yukon River and its tributaries: Seasonality and importance of inorganic nitrogen","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-17T10:09:17","indexId":"70171007","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1836,"text":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biodegradability of dissolved organic carbon in the Yukon River and its tributaries: Seasonality and importance of inorganic nitrogen","docAbstract":"<p><span>Northern high-latitude rivers transport large amounts of terrestrially derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) from boreal and arctic ecosystems to coastal areas and oceans. Current knowledge of the biodegradability of DOM in these rivers is limited, particularly for large rivers discharging to the Arctic Ocean. We conducted a seasonally comprehensive study of biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC) dynamics in the Yukon River and two of its tributaries in Alaska, USA. Distinct seasonal patterns of BDOC, consistent across a wide range of watershed size, indicate BDOC is transported year-round. Relative biodegradability (%BDOC) was greatest during winter, and decreased into spring and summer. Due to large seasonal differences in DOC concentration, the greatest concentrations of BDOC (mg C L</span><span>&minus;1</span><span>) occurred during spring freshet, followed by winter and summer. While chemical composition of DOM was an important driver of BDOC, the overriding control of BDOC was mineral nutrient availability due to wide shifts in carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stoichiometry across seasons. We calculated seasonal and annual loads of BDOC exported by the Yukon River by applying measured BDOC concentrations to daily water discharge values, and also by applying an empirical correlation between %BDOC and the ratio of DOC to dissolved inorganic N (DIN) to total DOC loads. The Yukon River exports &sim;0.2 Tg C yr</span><span>&minus;1</span><span>&nbsp;as BDOC that is decomposable within 28 days. This corresponds to 12&ndash;18% of the total annual DOC export. Furthermore, we calculate that the six largest arctic rivers, including the Yukon River, collectively export &sim;2.3 Tg C yr</span><span>&minus;1</span><span>&nbsp;as BDOC to the Arctic Ocean.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons, Inc.","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1029/2012GB004342","usgsCitation":"Wickland, K.P., Aiken, G.R., Butler, K.D., Dornblaser, M.M., RGM Spencer, and Striegl, R.G., 2012, Biodegradability of dissolved organic carbon in the Yukon River and its tributaries: Seasonality and importance of inorganic nitrogen: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 26, no. 4, p. 1-14, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GB004342.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"14","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-036593","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474229,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2012gb004342","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":321281,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574d644ee4b07e28b66835b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wickland, Kimberly P. 0000-0002-6400-0590 kpwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6400-0590","contributorId":1835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wickland","given":"Kimberly","email":"kpwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aiken, George R. 0000-0001-8454-0984 graiken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":1322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","email":"graiken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Butler, Kenna D. kebutler@usgs.gov","contributorId":3283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"Kenna","email":"kebutler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":629515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dornblaser, Mark M. 0000-0002-6298-3757 mmdornbl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6298-3757","contributorId":1636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dornblaser","given":"Mark","email":"mmdornbl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"RGM Spencer","contributorId":169416,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"RGM Spencer","affiliations":[{"id":16705,"text":"Woods Hole Research Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":629519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Striegl, Robert G. 0000-0002-8251-4659 rstriegl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-4659","contributorId":1630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striegl","given":"Robert","email":"rstriegl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":629518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70147948,"text":"70147948 - 2012 - Fish assemblages at engineered and natural channel structures in the lower Missouri river: implications for modified dike structures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-11T10:10:52","indexId":"70147948","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fish assemblages at engineered and natural channel structures in the lower Missouri river: implications for modified dike structures","docAbstract":"<p>Large rivers throughout the world have been modified by using dike structures to divert water flows to deepwater habitats to maintain navigation channels. These modifications have been implicated in the decline in habitat diversity and native fishes. However, dike structures have been modified in the Missouri River USA to increase habitat diversity to aid in the recovery of native fishes. We compared species occupancy and fish community composition at natural sandbars and at notched and un-notched rock dikes along the lower Missouri River to determine if notching dikes increases species diversity or occupancy of native fishes. Fish were collected using gill nets, trammel nets, otter trawls, and mini fyke nets throughout the lower 1212 river km of the Missouri River USA from 2003 to 2006. Few differences in species richness and diversity were evident among engineered dike structures and natural sandbars. Notching a dike structure had no effect on proportional abundance of fluvial dependents, fluvial specialists, and macrohabitat generalists. Occupancy at notched dikes increased for two species but did not differ for 17 other species (81%). Our results suggest that dike structures may provide suitable habitats for fluvial species compared with channel sand bars, but dike notching did not increase abundance or occupancy of most Missouri River fishes. Published in 2011 by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons","publisherLocation":"Chichester, West Sussex, UK","doi":"10.1002/rra.1578","usgsCitation":"Schloesser, J., Paukert, C.P., Doyle, W., Hill, T., Steffensen, K., and Travnichek, V.H., 2012, Fish assemblages at engineered and natural channel structures in the lower Missouri river: implications for modified dike structures: River Research and Applications, v. 28, no. 10, p. 1695-1707, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.1578.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1695","endPage":"1707","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-007505","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300272,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5551d2b2e4b0a92fa7e93be3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schloesser, J.T.","contributorId":140678,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schloesser","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paukert, Craig P. 0000-0002-9369-8545 cpaukert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9369-8545","contributorId":879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paukert","given":"Craig","email":"cpaukert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Doyle, W.J.","contributorId":140679,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doyle","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hill, T.","contributorId":21333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Steffensen, K.D.","contributorId":140680,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Steffensen","given":"K.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Travnichek, Vincent H.","contributorId":111523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Travnichek","given":"Vincent","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70043960,"text":"70043960 - 2012 - Evaluation of stream flow effects on smolt survival in the Yakima River basin, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-03T12:32:59","indexId":"70043960","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T03:45:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Evaluation of stream flow effects on smolt survival in the Yakima River basin, Washington","docAbstract":"<h1>Study Summary</h1>\n<p>The influence of stream flow on salmon smolt emigration survival is a topic of widespread management interest. We collected smolt survival data to inform flow management decisions in the Yakima Basin. The Yakima River watershed drains the eastern slopes of the Cascade Mountain Range in central Washington State. The upper basin is comprised of two major tributaries&ndash;the Naches River and the upper Yakima River. Headwater storage reservoirs capture runoff during the winter and spring seasons to support downstream irrigation needs. During summer months, water is conveyed through the upper Yakima River and diverted at Roza Dam, a major irrigation diversion that supplies water to the Roza Irrigation District and to a hydroelectric plant located near Yakima, Washington.</p>\n<p>To assess smolt survival in the 18 km reach downstream of Roza Dam, a radio telemetry project will be carried out over a three-year timeframe. The first year of study was designed to provide baseline survival estimates at two distinct flow treatments during the spring migration period. The goal was to establish flow treatments that were as divergent as possible in order to maximize the observed effect of environmental conditions on smolt survival. In total, three experimental trials were carried out in 2012&ndash;one during low flow conditions (&lt;600 cfs) and two during high flows (&gt;3000 cfs). Data from the first year will be used to determine experimental design requirements to adequately address study objectives in years two and three.</p>\n<p>In the spring of 2012, fixed telemetry monitoring stations were established in strategic locations upstream and downstream of Roza Dam. Yearling Chinook salmon <i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i> smolts originating from Cle Elum Hatchery were captured at the Roza Dam fish screen bypass facility, implanted with radio tags, and released upstream of Roza Dam. Each release group of 50 fish was paired with a high or low flow condition. Fish movements were tracked as tagged fish passed each monitoring station during their migration down the upper Yakima River, through Roza Dam, past the Naches River confluence, and eventually through Sunnyside and Prosser Dams. At the conclusion of field data collection, survival rates for each release group were calculated using Cormack-Jolly-Seber mark-recapture models.</p>\n<p>Yearling Chinook smolt survival and travel time estimates from 2012 suggest that migration rates and survival rates in the Roza Reach may be associated with stream flow, water temperature, release timing (i.e. migratory disposition), and fish size, but the extent to which each variable influenced survival is yet to be determined. The lowest survival rate (61%) and longest travel time (median 2.26 days) was observed in Release Group 1, which had the smallest size distribution and experienced the lowest flows, lowest temperatures, and earliest release date among the three groups. Release Groups 2 and 3 survived at 96% and 98% respectively and traveled through the Roza Reach in less than eight hours. The primary focus of years two and three of this study will be to collect data that minimizes the effect of confounding explanatory variables, so that flow effects on emigration survival can be quantified independent of these other influential factors.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Cramer Fish Sciences","collaboration":"Annual report prepared for: Yakima Basin Joint Board, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, System Operations Advisory Committee","usgsCitation":"Courter, Garrison, Kock, T.J., and Perry, R.W., 2012, Evaluation of stream flow effects on smolt survival in the Yakima River basin, Washington, 31 p.","productDescription":"31 p.","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-042239","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320893,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":320892,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.fishsciences.net/reports/view_report.php?rid=6222"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Naches River, Roza Reach, Yakima River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.06933593749999,\n              45.97406038956237\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.06933593749999,\n              47.33510005753562\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.783935546875,\n              47.33510005753562\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.783935546875,\n              45.97406038956237\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.06933593749999,\n              45.97406038956237\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5729cbb2e4b0b13d3919a32f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Courter, Ian","contributorId":121196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Courter","suffix":"Ian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":517019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Garrison, Tommy","contributorId":115917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrison","suffix":"Tommy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":517016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kock, Tobias J. 0000-0001-8976-0230 tkock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8976-0230","contributorId":3038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kock","given":"Tobias","email":"tkock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Perry, Russell W. 0000-0003-4110-8619 rperry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4110-8619","contributorId":2820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Russell","email":"rperry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70041257,"text":"70041257 - 2012 - Assessing future risks to agricultural productivity, water resources and food security: How can remote sensing help?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-06T14:51:55","indexId":"70041257","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing future risks to agricultural productivity, water resources and food security: How can remote sensing help?","docAbstract":"Although global food production has been rising, the world sti ll faces a major food security challenge. Over one billion people are currently undernourished (Wheeler and Kay, 2010). By the 2050s, the human population is projected to grow to 9.1 billion. Over three-quarters of these people will be living in developing countries, in regions that already lack the capacity to feed their populations . Under current agricultural practices, the increased demand for food would require in excess of one billion hectares of new cropland, nearly equivalent to the land area of the United States, and would lead to significant increases in greenhouse gases (Tillman <i>et al.</i>, 2011). Since climate is the primary determinant of agricultural productivity, changes to it will influence not only crop yields, but also hydrologic balances and supplies of inputs to managed farming systems, and may lead to a shift in the geographic location of some crops . Therefore, not only must crop productivity (yield per unit of land; kg/m<sup>2</sup>) increase, but water productivity (yield per unit of water or \"crop per drop\"; kg/m<sup>3</sup>) must increase as well in order to feed a burgeoning population against a backdrop\nof changing dietary consumption patterns, a changing climate and the growing scarcity of water and land (Beddington, 2010). The impact from these changes wi ll affect the viability of both dryland subsistence and irrigated commodity food production (Knox, <i>et al.</i>, 2010a). Since climate is a primary determinant of agricultural productivity, any changes will influence not only crop yields, but also the hydrologic balances, and supplies of inputs to managed farming systems as well as potentially shifting the geographic location for specific crops . Unless concerted and collective action is taken, society risks worldwide food shortages, scarcity of water resources and insufficient energy. This has the potential to unleash public unrest, cross-border conflicts and migration as people flee the worst-affected regions to seck refuge in \"safe havens\", a situation that Beddington described as the \"perfect storm\" (2010).","language":"English","publisher":"ASPRS","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","usgsCitation":"Thenkabail, P.S., Knox, J.W., Ozdogan, M., Gumma, M., Congalton, R., Wu, Z., Milesi, C., Finkral, A., Marshall, M., Mariotto, I., You, S., Giri, C., and Nagler, P., 2012, Assessing future risks to agricultural productivity, water resources and food security: How can remote sensing help?: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 78, no. 8, p. 773-782.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"773","endPage":"782","ipdsId":"IP-035587","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":29789,"text":"John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263533,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Earth","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -180.0,-90.0 ], [ -180.0,90.0 ], [ 180.0,90.0 ], [ 180.0,-90.0 ], [ -180.0,-90.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"78","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d8412be4b0064e695a0a0b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thenkabail, Prasad S. 0000-0002-2182-8822 pthenkabail@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2182-8822","contributorId":570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thenkabail","given":"Prasad","email":"pthenkabail@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knox, Jerry W.","contributorId":26947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knox","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ozdogan, Mutlu","contributorId":32060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ozdogan","given":"Mutlu","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gumma, Murali Krishna","contributorId":50426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gumma","given":"Murali Krishna","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Congalton, Russell G.","contributorId":84646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Congalton","given":"Russell G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wu, Zhuoting 0000-0001-7393-1832 zwu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7393-1832","contributorId":4953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"Zhuoting","email":"zwu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":498,"text":"Office of Land Remote Sensing (Geography)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Milesi, Cristina","contributorId":107590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milesi","given":"Cristina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Finkral, Alex","contributorId":92947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finkral","given":"Alex","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Marshall, Mike","contributorId":52473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"Mike","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Mariotto, Isabella","contributorId":14140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mariotto","given":"Isabella","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"You, Songcai","contributorId":71459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"You","given":"Songcai","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Giri, Chandra cgiri@usgs.gov","contributorId":2403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giri","given":"Chandra","email":"cgiri@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":469460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Nagler, Pamela 0000-0003-0674-103X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":8748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"Pamela","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
,{"id":70154950,"text":"70154950 - 2012 - Population status and habitat associations of the King Rail in the midwestern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-22T09:33:47","indexId":"70154950","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population status and habitat associations of the King Rail in the midwestern United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>The migratory population of the King Rail (</span><i>Rallus elegans</i><span>) has declined dramatically during the past 50 years, emphasizing the need to document the distribution and status of this species to help guide conservation efforts. In an effort to guide King Rail breeding habitat protection and restoration, a landscape suitability index (LSI) model was developed for the Upper Mississippi River and Great Lakes Region Joint Venture (JV). To validate this model, 264 sites were surveyed across the JV region in 2008 and 2009 using the National Marshbird Monitoring protocol. Two other similarly collected data sets from Wisconsin (250 sites) and Ohio (259 sites) as well as data from the Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology's eBird database were added to our data set. Sampling effort was not uniform across the study area. King Rails were detected at 29 sites with the greatest concentration in southeastern Wisconsin and northeastern Illinois. Too few detections were made to validate the LSI model. King Rail detection sites tended to have microtopographic heterogeneity, more emergent herbaceous wetland vegetation and less woody vegetation. The migrant population of the King Rail is rare and warrants additional conservation efforts to achieve stated conservation population targets.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Waterbird Society","doi":"10.1675/063.035.0404","usgsCitation":"Bolenbaugh, J.R., Cooper, T., Brady, R.S., Willard, K.L., and Krementz, D.G., 2012, Population status and habitat associations of the King Rail in the midwestern United States: Waterbirds, v. 35, no. 4, p. 535-545, https://doi.org/10.1675/063.035.0404.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"535","endPage":"545","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-036202","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305876,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, Ohio, Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -95.185546875,\n              49.009050809382046\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.1416015625,\n              49.38237278700955\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.81201171875,\n              49.32512199104001\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.7021484375,\n              48.777912755501845\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.4716796875,\n              48.63290858589532\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.63671875,\n              48.61838518688487\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.845703125,\n              48.29781249243716\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.5712890625,\n              48.23930899024905\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.47265625,\n              48.004625021133904\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.30810546875,\n              47.44294999517949\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.06689453125,\n              46.78501604269254\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.60595703125,\n              45.38301927899065\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.6611328125,\n              43.992814500489914\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.3974609375,\n              43.03677585761058\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.43017578125,\n              41.72213058512578\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.50732421875,\n              41.36031866306708\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.52978515625,\n              41.96765920367816\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.5517578125,\n              40.979898069620155\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.6064453125,\n              40.6639728763869\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.6611328125,\n              40.027614437486655\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.21044921875,\n              39.06184913429154\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.27636718749999,\n              38.634036452919226\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.671875,\n              38.5825261593533\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.57275390625,\n              39.07890809706475\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.83642578125,\n              38.993572058209466\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.05615234375,\n              38.685509760012\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.80322265625,\n              38.25543637637947\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.0888671875,\n              38.013476231041935\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.923828125,\n              37.82280243352756\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.978515625,\n              37.84015683604134\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.13232421875,\n              37.49229399862877\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.52783203125,\n              37.09023980307208\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.296875,\n              37.03763967977139\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.53857421875,\n              37.37015718405753\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.6044921875,\n              37.70120736474139\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.3515625,\n              38.20365531807149\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.14257812499999,\n              38.34165619279593\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.82373046875,\n              38.976492485539424\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.30712890625,\n              39.24927084622338\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.96630859375,\n              38.993572058209466\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.33984375,\n              38.788345355085625\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.10888671875,\n              38.16911413556086\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.46044921875,\n              37.45741810262938\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.658203125,\n              37.00255267215955\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.9873046875,\n              37.055177106660814\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.3828125,\n              38.34165619279593\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.3828125,\n              39.30029918615029\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.9873046875,\n              40.04443758460859\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.20703125,\n              41.50857729743935\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.6357421875,\n              42.65012181368025\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.6357421875,\n              43.48481212891603\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.888671875,\n              43.48481212891603\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.712890625,\n              42.87596410238254\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.7900390625,\n              42.32606244456202\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.3505859375,\n              41.705728515237524\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.373046875,\n              41.77131167976407\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.46093749999999,\n              43.48481212891603\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.94433593749999,\n              44.11914151643737\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.9990234375,\n              44.77793589631623\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.0537109375,\n              46.13417004624326\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.4052734375,\n              46.89023157359399\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.7568359375,\n              47.84265762816535\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.7568359375,\n              48.48748647988415\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.185546875,\n              49.009050809382046\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"35","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55b0beaee4b09a3b01b5309e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bolenbaugh, Jason R.","contributorId":145589,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bolenbaugh","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooper, Tom","contributorId":145778,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cooper","given":"Tom","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brady, Ryan S.","contributorId":145779,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brady","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Willard, Karen L.","contributorId":145780,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Willard","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Krementz, David G. 0000-0002-5661-4541 dkrementz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5661-4541","contributorId":2827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krementz","given":"David","email":"dkrementz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70042663,"text":"70042663 - 2012 - Individual condition and stream temperature influence early maturation of rainbow and steelhead trout, <i></i>ncorhynchus mykiss","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-21T14:38:38","indexId":"70042663","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1528,"text":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Individual condition and stream temperature influence early maturation of rainbow and steelhead trout, <i></i>ncorhynchus mykiss","docAbstract":"<p>Alternative male phenotypes in salmonine fishes arise from individuals that mature as larger and older anadromous marine-migrants or as smaller and younger freshwater residents. To better understand the processes influencing the expression of these phenotypes we examined the influences of growth in length (fork length) and whole body lipid content in rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>). Fish were sampled from the John Day River basin in northeast Oregon where both anadromous (\"steelhead\") and freshwater resident rainbow trout coexist. Larger males with higher lipid levels had a greater probability of maturing as a resident at age-1+. Among males, 38% were maturing overall, and the odds ratios of the logistic model indicated that the probability of a male maturing early as a resident at age-1+ increased 49% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 23-81%) for every 5 mm increase in length and 33% (95% CI = 10-61%) for every 0.5% increase in whole body lipid content. There was an inverse association between individual condition and water temperature as growth was greater in warmer streams while whole body lipid content was higher in cooler streams. Our results support predictions from life history theory and further suggest that relationships between individual condition, maturation, and environmental variables (e.g., water temperature) are shaped by complex developmental and evolutionary influences.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10641-011-9921-0","usgsCitation":"McMillan, J.R., Dunham, J., Reeves, G.H., Mills, J.S., and Jordan, C.E., 2012, Individual condition and stream temperature influence early maturation of rainbow and steelhead trout, <i></i>ncorhynchus mykiss: Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 93, no. 3, p. 343-355, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-011-9921-0.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"343","endPage":"355","ipdsId":"IP-034205","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267975,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"John Day River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.78369140624999,\n              43.644025847699496\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.80639648437499,\n              43.644025847699496\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.80639648437499,\n              45.71385093029221\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.78369140624999,\n              45.71385093029221\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.78369140624999,\n              43.644025847699496\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"93","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-09-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5129f32de4b04edf7e93f8e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMillan, John R.","contributorId":27905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMillan","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunham, Jason B. 0000-0002-6268-0633 jdunham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6268-0633","contributorId":1808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunham","given":"Jason B.","email":"jdunham@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":472023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reeves, Gordon H.","contributorId":101521,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reeves","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":527,"text":"Pacific Northwest Research Station","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":472021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mills, Justin S.","contributorId":56944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mills","given":"Justin","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jordan, Chris E.","contributorId":88233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jordan","given":"Chris","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70041066,"text":"70041066 - 2012 - Moderating Argos location errors in animal tracking data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-18T17:17:18","indexId":"70041066","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2717,"text":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Moderating Argos location errors in animal tracking data","docAbstract":"1. The Argos System is used worldwide to satellite-track free-ranging animals, but location errors can range from tens of metres to hundreds of kilometres. Low-quality locations (Argos classes A, 0, B and Z) dominate animal tracking data. Standard-quality animal tracking locations (Argos classes 3, 2 and 1) have larger errors than those reported in Argos manuals.\n2. The Douglas Argos-filter (DAF) algorithm flags implausible locations based on user-defined thresholds that allow the algorithm's performance to be tuned to species' movement behaviours and study objectives. The algorithm is available in Movebank – a free online infrastructure for storing, managing, sharing and analysing animal movement data.\n3. We compared 21,044 temporally paired global positioning system (GPS) locations with Argos location estimates collected from Argos transmitters on free-ranging waterfowl and condors (13 species, 314 individuals, 54,895 animal-tracking days). The 95th error percentiles for unfiltered Argos locations 0, A, B and Z were within 35·8, 59·6, 163·2 and 220·2 km of the true location, respectively. After applying DAF with liberal thresholds, roughly 20% of the class 0 and A locations and 45% of the class B and Z locations were excluded, and the 95th error percentiles were reduced to 17·2, 15·0, 20·9 and 18·6 km for classes 0, A, B and Z, respectively. As thresholds were applied more conservatively, fewer locations were retained, but they possessed higher overall accuracy.\n4. Douglas Argos-filter can improve data accuracy by 50–90% and is an effective and flexible tool for preparing Argos data for direct biological interpretation or subsequent modelling.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/j.2041-210X.2012.00245.x","usgsCitation":"Douglas, D.C., Weinziert, R., Davidson, S.C., Kays, R., Wikelski, M., and Bohrer, G., 2012, Moderating Argos location errors in animal tracking data: Methods in Ecology and Evolution, v. 3, no. 6, p. 999-1007, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210X.2012.00245.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"999","endPage":"1007","ipdsId":"IP-039258","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474238,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210x.2012.00245.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":263567,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263566,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210X.2012.00245.x"}],"volume":"3","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-10-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d20c82e4b08b071e771baf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":2388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weinziert, Rolf","contributorId":24665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weinziert","given":"Rolf","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davidson, Sarah C.","contributorId":31651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davidson","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kays, Roland","contributorId":83815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kays","given":"Roland","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wikelski, Martin","contributorId":76451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wikelski","given":"Martin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bohrer, Gil","contributorId":66569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohrer","given":"Gil","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70189350,"text":"70189350 - 2012 - Solute and geothermal flux monitoring using electrical conductivity in the Madison, Firehole, and Gibbon Rivers, Yellowstone National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-30T13:07:28","indexId":"70189350","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Solute and geothermal flux monitoring using electrical conductivity in the Madison, Firehole, and Gibbon Rivers, Yellowstone National Park","docAbstract":"<p><span>The thermal output from the Yellowstone magma chamber can be estimated from the Cl flux in the major rivers in Yellowstone National Park; and by utilizing continuous discharge and electrical conductivity measurements the Cl flux can be calculated. The relationship between electrical conductivity and concentrations of Cl and other geothermal solutes (Na, SO</span><sub>4</sub><span>, F, HCO</span><sub>3</sub><span>, SiO</span><sub>2</sub><span>, K, Li, B, and As) was quantified at monitoring sites along the Madison, Gibbon, and Firehole Rivers, which receive discharge from some of the largest and most active geothermal areas in Yellowstone. Except for some trace elements, most solutes behave conservatively and the ratios between geothermal solute concentrations are constant in the Madison, Gibbon, and Firehole Rivers. Hence, dissolved concentrations of Cl, Na, SO</span><sub>4</sub><span>, F, HCO</span><sub>3</sub><span>, SiO</span><sub>2</sub><span>, K, Li, Ca, B and As correlate well with conductivity (</span><i>R</i><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span><span>&gt;</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>0.9 for most solutes) and most exhibit linear trends. The 2011 flux for Cl, SO</span><sub>4</sub><span>, F and HCO</span><sub>3</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>determined using automated conductivity sensors and discharge data from nearby USGS gaging stations is in good agreement with those of previous years (1983–1994 and 1997–2008) at each of the monitoring sites. Continuous conductivity monitoring provides a cost- and labor-effective alternative to existing protocols whereby flux is estimated through manual collection of numerous water samples and subsequent chemical analysis. Electrical conductivity data also yield insights into a variety of topics of research interest at Yellowstone and elsewhere: (1) Geyser eruptions are easily identified and the solute flux quantified with conductivity data. (2) Short-term heavy rain events can produce conductivity anomalies due to dissolution of efflorescent salts that are temporarily trapped in and around geyser basins during low-flow periods. During a major rain event in October 2010, 180,000</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>kg of additional solute was measured in the Madison River. (3) The output of thermal water from the Gibbon River appears to have increased by about 0.2%/a in recent years, while the output of thermal water for the Firehole River shows a decrease of about 10% from 1983 to 2011. Confirmation of these trends will require continuing Cl flux monitoring over the coming decades.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2012.07.019","usgsCitation":"McCleskey, R.B., Clor, L., Lowenstern, J.B., Evans, W.C., Nordstrom, D.K., Heasler, H., and Huebner, M., 2012, Solute and geothermal flux monitoring using electrical conductivity in the Madison, Firehole, and Gibbon Rivers, Yellowstone National Park: Applied Geochemistry, v. 27, no. 12, p. 2370-2381, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2012.07.019.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"2370","endPage":"2381","ipdsId":"IP-037339","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343606,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Firehole River, Gibbon River, Madison River, Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.05667114257812,\n              44.41122141189896\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.76141357421875,\n              44.41122141189896\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.76141357421875,\n              44.70965819812379\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.05667114257812,\n              44.70965819812379\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.05667114257812,\n              44.41122141189896\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5965babce4b0d1f9f05b38d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCleskey, R. Blaine 0000-0002-2521-8052 rbmccles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2521-8052","contributorId":147399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCleskey","given":"R.","email":"rbmccles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Blaine","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clor, Laura 0000-0003-2633-5100 lclor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2633-5100","contributorId":150878,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clor","given":"Laura","email":"lclor@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lowenstern, Jacob B. 0000-0003-0464-7779 jlwnstrn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0464-7779","contributorId":2755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowenstern","given":"Jacob","email":"jlwnstrn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Evans, William C. 0000-0001-5942-3102 wcevans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5942-3102","contributorId":2353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"William","email":"wcevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":704322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Heasler, Henry","contributorId":62683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heasler","given":"Henry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Huebner, Mark mhuebner@usgs.gov","contributorId":4349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huebner","given":"Mark","email":"mhuebner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70042537,"text":"70042537 - 2012 - Sea lamprey orient toward a source of a synthesized pheromone using odor-conditioned rheotaxis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-28T11:49:22","indexId":"70042537","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":982,"text":"Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sea lamprey orient toward a source of a synthesized pheromone using odor-conditioned rheotaxis","docAbstract":"Characterization of vertebrate chemo-orientation strategies over long distances is difficult because it is often not feasible to conduct highly controlled hypothesis-based experiments in natural environments. To overcome the challenge, we couple in-stream behavioral observations of female sea lampreys (<i>Petromyzon marinus</i>) orienting to plumes of a synthesized mating pheromone, 7a,12a,24-trihydroxy-5a-cholan-3-one-24-sulfate (3kPZS), and engineering algorithms to systematically test chemo-orientation hypotheses. In-stream field observations and simulated movements of female sea lampreys according to control algorithms support that odor-conditioned rheotaxis is a component of the mechanism used to track plumes of 3kPZS over hundreds of meters in flowing water. Simulated movements of female sea lampreys do not support that rheotaxis or klinotaxis alone is sufficient to enable the movement patterns displayed by females in locating 3kPZS sources in the experimental stream. Odor-conditioned rheotaxis may not only be effective at small spatial scales as previous described in crustaceans, but may also be effectively used by fishes over hundreds of meters. These results may prove useful for developing management strategies for the control of invasive species that exploit the odor-conditioned tracking behavior and for developing biologically inspired navigation strategies for robotic fish.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s00265-012-1409-1","usgsCitation":"Johnson, N.S., Muhammad, A., Thompson, H., Choi, J., and Li, W., 2012, Sea lamprey orient toward a source of a synthesized pheromone using odor-conditioned rheotaxis: Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, v. 66, no. 12, p. 1557-1567, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-012-1409-1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1557","endPage":"1567","numberOfPages":"11","ipdsId":"IP-025659","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":268548,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268547,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00265-012-1409-1"}],"country":"United States","volume":"66","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51308a9de4b04c194073ae50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Nicholas S. 0000-0002-7419-6013 njohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7419-6013","contributorId":597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Nicholas","email":"njohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Muhammad, Azizah","contributorId":32054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhammad","given":"Azizah","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, Henry","contributorId":100705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Henry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Choi, Jongeun","contributorId":84229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choi","given":"Jongeun","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Li, Weiming","contributorId":65440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Weiming","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70041527,"text":"pp1794A3 - 2012 - Willamette Valley Ecoregion: Chapter 3 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-01T10:56:19","indexId":"pp1794A3","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1794-A-3","title":"Willamette Valley Ecoregion: Chapter 3 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>","docAbstract":"The Willamette Valley Ecoregion (as defined by Omernik, 1987; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1997) covers approximately 14,458 km² (5,582 mi<sup>2</sup>), making it one of the smallest ecoregions in the conterminous United States. The long, alluvial Willamette Valley, which stretches north to south more than 193 km and ranges from 32 to 64 km wide, is nestled between the sedimentary and metamorphic Coast Ranges (Coast Range Ecoregion) to the west and the basaltic Cascade Range (Cascades Ecoregion) to the east (fig. 1). The Lewis and Columbia Rivers converge at the ecoregion’s northern boundary in Washington state; however, the majority of the ecoregion falls within northwestern Oregon. Interstate 5 runs the length of the valley to its southern boundary with the Klamath Mountains Ecoregion. Topography here is relatively flat, with elevations ranging from sea level to 122 m. This even terrain, coupled with mild, wet winters, warm, dry summers, and nutrient-rich soil, makes the Willamette Valley the most important agricultural region in Oregon. Population centers are concentrated along the valley floor. According to estimates from the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (2006), over 2.3 million people lived in Willamette Valley in 2000. Portland, Oregon, is the largest city, with 529,121 residents (U.S. Census Bureau, 2000). Other sizable cities include Eugene, Oregon; Salem (Oregon’s state capital); and Vancouver, Washington. Despite the large urban areas dotting the length of the Willamette Valley Ecoregion, agriculture and forestry products are its economic foundation (figs. 2,3). The valley is a major producer of grass seed, ornamental plants, fruits, nuts, vegetables, and grains, as well as poultry, beef, and dairy products. The forestry and logging industries also are primary employers of the valley’s rural residents (Rooney, 2008). These activities have affected the watershed significantly, with forestry and agricultural runoff contributing to river sedimentation and decreased water quality in the Willamette River and its tributary streams (Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, 2006). Recent years have seen a marked decline in forest health related to the increased frequency of multiyear droughts. Insect damage and other diseases also are present; however, drought- related water stress is the primary factor in coniferous-tree mortality (Oregon Department of Forestry, 2008). Trees most at risk include Douglas-fir (<i>Pseudotsuga menziesii</i>), grand fir (<i>Abies grandis</i>), and western red cedar (<i>Thuja plicata</i>). Overstocking by timber companies and planting on sites with poor conditions increase susceptibility. Over time, these problems may lead to changes in planting practices and the use of more drought-tolerant species such as ponderosa pine (<i>Pinus ponderosa</i>).","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000: Volume A in <i>Status and trends of land change in the United States--1973 to 2000</i> (PP 1794-A)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1794A3","collaboration":"This publication is Chapter 3 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>, which is Volume A in <i>Status and trends of land change in the United States--1973 to 2000</i>, PP 1794.  Volume A consists of 30 chapters. For access to other chapters, please visit <a href=\"http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1794A\" target=\"_blank\">PP 1794-A</a>.","usgsCitation":"Wilson, T.S., and Sorenson, D.G., 2012, Willamette Valley Ecoregion: Chapter 3 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1794-A-3, Chapter 3: 7 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1794A3.","productDescription":"Chapter 3: 7 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"57","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263826,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1794_A_3.jpg"},{"id":263823,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/"},{"id":263824,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/chapters/pp1794a_chapter03.pdf"},{"id":263825,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/chapters/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","city":"Portland","otherGeospatial":"Willamette Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.0,43.5 ], [ -124.0,46.0 ], [ -122.0,46.0 ], [ -122.0,43.5 ], [ -124.0,43.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c31ea6e4b0b57f2415d232","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, Tamara S.","contributorId":36640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Tamara","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sorenson, Daniel G. 0000-0003-0365-9444 dsorenson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0365-9444","contributorId":2898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorenson","given":"Daniel","email":"dsorenson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70043308,"text":"70043308 - 2012 - Trends in Benthic macroinvertebrate community Biomass and Energy Budgets in Lake Sevan, 1928-2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-17T21:16:29","indexId":"70043308","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trends in Benthic macroinvertebrate community Biomass and Energy Budgets in Lake Sevan, 1928-2004","docAbstract":"Water levels of Lake Sevan (Armenia) were artificially lowered by nearly 20 m between 1949 and 1997. Lowered water levels, combined with increased eutrophication, were associated with seasonally anoxic conditions (lasting 1–4 months) near the bottom of the profundal zone each year during 1976–2004. In addition, the extents of the macrophyte zone and of certain substrate types were severely reduced following drawdown. Maximal depth of occurrence decreased by 2–44 m for at least for 50 species of benthic macroinvertebrates between 1982 and 2004 compared to 1937–1961. Species richness of benthic macroinvertebrates declined from 25 to three species at depths where seasonal anoxia occurred. Total biomass increased by a factor of 10 from the period 1928–1948 to 1976–1979 then declined by a factor of 3 to 4 between 1987 and 2004. Energy flow through detritivores was more than tripled during 1976–2004 compared to 1928–1971, a result of increased plankton primary production. In contrast, energy flow through herbivorous benthic macroinvertebrates decreased by a factor of nearly 5, due to reduced areal coverage of macrophytes. Energy flow through filter feeders did not change over the time period examined, but energy flow through the entire zoobenthos community was nearly tripled. The biomasses of Oligochaeta, Chironomidae, and total zoobenthos showed a delayed response to changes in primary production of 7–9, 2, and 2–4 years, respectively. These patterns may provide a basis to predict results of restoration efforts based on the abundance of the zoobenthos in future years as the level of the lake is restored and water quality improves.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10661-011-2449-0","usgsCitation":"Stapanian, M.A., Jenderedjian, K., and Hakobyan, S., 2012, Trends in Benthic macroinvertebrate community Biomass and Energy Budgets in Lake Sevan, 1928-2004: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 184, no. 11, p. 6647-6671, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-011-2449-0.","startPage":"6647","endPage":"6671","ipdsId":"IP-027575","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271042,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271041,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-011-2449-0"}],"country":"United States","volume":"184","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"516fc469e4b05024ef3cd42a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stapanian, Martin A. 0000-0001-8173-4273 mstapanian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8173-4273","contributorId":3425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stapanian","given":"Martin","email":"mstapanian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jenderedjian, K.","contributorId":25838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenderedjian","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hakobyan, S.","contributorId":66149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hakobyan","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70041526,"text":"pp1794A2 - 2012 - Puget Lowland Ecoregion: Chapter 2 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-01T10:59:41","indexId":"pp1794A2","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1794-A-2","title":"Puget Lowland Ecoregion: Chapter 2 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>","docAbstract":"The Puget Lowland Ecoregion covers an area of approximately 18,009 km² (6,953 mi²) within northwestern Washington (fig. 1) (Omernik, 1987; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1997). The ecoregion is located between the Coast Range Ecoregion to the west, which includes the Olympic Mountains, and the North Cascades and the Cascades Ecoregions to the east, which include the Cascade Range. From the north, the ecoregion follows the Interstate 5 corridor, from the Canadian border south through Bellingham, Seattle, Olympia, and Longview, Washington, to the northern border of the Willamette Valley Ecoregion. The Puget Lowland Ecoregion borders the shoreline of the greater Puget Sound, a complex bay and saltwater estuary fed by spring freshwater runoff from the Olympic Mountains and Cascade Range watersheds. The ecoregion is situated in a continental glacial trough that has many islands, peninsulas, and bays. Relief is moderate, with elevations ranging from sea level to 460 m but averaging approximately 150 m (DellaSala and others, 2001). Proximity to the Pacific Ocean gives the Puget Lowland Ecoregion its mild maritime climate (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1999). Mean annual temperature is 10.5°C, with an average of 4.1°C in January and 17.7°C in July (Guttman and Quayle, 1996). Average annual precipitation ranges from 800 to 900 mm, but some areas in the rain shadow of the Olympic Mountains receive as little as 460 mm (DellaSala and others, 2001). Varying annual average precipitation greatly influences vegetation and soil type in the ecoregion. In the Puget Lowland Ecoregion, soils are dominated by Inceptisols in the north and Ultisols in the south (Jones, 2003). Before European settlement, most of the ecoregion was covered by coniferous forests, with species composition dependent on local climate (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1999). The World Wildlife Fund places the Puget Lowland Ecoregion in the Western Hemlock Vegetation Zone. Although this vegetation zone is named after the western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla), Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) is the dominant tree species. Seattle, which had an estimated population of 563,376 in 2000, is the largest city in the Puget Lowland Ecoregion (Puget Sound Regional Council, 2001). The greater Seattle metropolitan area, comprising Seattle, Tacoma, Bellevue, and Bremerton, had an estimated population of 3.5 million people in 2000 (U.S. Census Bureau, 2000). Other sizable cities in the ecoregion include the state capital Olympia, as well as Tacoma, Bellingham, and Everett, Washington. The center of the Puget Lowland Ecoregion is dominated by the Seattle metropolitan area and developed land cover, whereas agriculture occurs mainly on river floodplains in the north and south. The remainder of the ecoregion area is dominated by forest land cover (fig. 1).","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000: Volume A in <i>Status and trends of land change in the United States--1973 to 2000</i> (PP 1794-A)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1794A2","collaboration":"This publication is Chapter 2 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>, which is Volume A in <i>Status and trends of land change in the United States--1973 to 2000</i>, PP 1794.  Volume A consists of 30 chapters. For access to other chapters, please visit <a href=\"http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1794A\" target=\"_blank\">PP 1794-A</a>.","usgsCitation":"Sorenson, D.G., 2012, Puget Lowland Ecoregion: Chapter 2 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1794-A-2, Chapter 2: 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1794A2.","productDescription":"Chapter 2: 8 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"50","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263820,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1794_A_2.jpg"},{"id":263819,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/chapters"},{"id":263817,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/chapters/pp1794a_chapter02.pdf"},{"id":263818,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Cascades;Puget","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.0,46.0 ], [ -124.0,49.0 ], [ -121.5,49.0 ], [ -121.5,46.0 ], [ -124.0,46.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c31e71e4b0b57f2415d20a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sorenson, Daniel G. 0000-0003-0365-9444 dsorenson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0365-9444","contributorId":2898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorenson","given":"Daniel","email":"dsorenson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70041578,"text":"pp1794A8 - 2012 - Southern Rockies Ecoregion: Chapter 8 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-01T10:58:13","indexId":"pp1794A8","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1794-A-8","title":"Southern Rockies Ecoregion: Chapter 8 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>","docAbstract":"The Southern Rockies Ecoregion is a high-elevation mountainous ecoregion that covers approximately 138,854 km2 (53,612 mi2), including much of central Colorado and parts of southern Wyoming and northern New Mexico (fig. 1) (Omernik, 1987; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1997). It abuts six other ecoregions: the Wyoming Basin and Colorado Plateaus Ecoregions on the north and west, the Arizona/New Mexico Plateau Ecoregion on the south, and the Northwestern Great Plains, Western High Plains, and Southwestern Tablelands Ecoregions on the east (fig. 1). The ecoregion receives most of its annual precipitation (25–100 cm) as snowfall, which provides a significant amount of high-elevation snowpack that is an important water source for surrounding ecoregions. The Southern Rockies Ecoregion has a steep elevation gradient from low foothills to high peaks, with several hundred summits higher than 3,660 m (12,000 ft). As a southern extension of the larger RockyMountain system, it is composed primarily of seven main north-south trending mountain ranges that are separated by four large intermontane basins. A fifth basin, the San Luis Valley, is outside the ecoregion, forming a northern finger of the Arizona/New Mexico Plateau Ecoregion that lies mostly to the south. To the east, late Tertiary sand and gravel deposits that were eroded from the relatively young Rocky Mountains were carried eastward by streams, forming the nearby Western High Plains Ecoregion and its underlying Ogallala aquifer.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000: Volume A in <i>Status and trends of land change in the United States--1973 to 2000</i> (PP 1794-A)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1794A8","collaboration":"This publication is Chapter 8 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>, which is Volume A in <i>Status and trends of land change in the United States--1973 to 2000</i>, PP 1794.  Volume A consists of 30 chapters. For access to other chapters, please visit <a href=\"http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1794A\" target=\"_blank\">PP 1794-A</a>.","usgsCitation":"Drummond, M.A., 2012, Southern Rockies Ecoregion: Chapter 8 in <i>Status and trends of land change in the Western United States--1973 to 2000</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1794-A-8, Chapter 8: 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1794A8.","productDescription":"Chapter 8: 9 p.","startPage":"95","endPage":"103","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263859,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1794_A_8.jpg"},{"id":263857,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/chapters/pp1794a_chapter08.pdf"},{"id":263858,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/chapters/"},{"id":263856,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1794/a/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado;New Mexico;Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Rockies","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.5,35.0 ], [ -109.5,43.0 ], [ -103.9,43.0 ], [ -103.9,35.0 ], [ -109.5,35.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c31e7ee4b0b57f2415d215","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drummond, Mark A. 0000-0001-7420-3503 madrummond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7420-3503","contributorId":3053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drummond","given":"Mark","email":"madrummond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}