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This report assesses gains and losses of the Clackamas River based on streamflow measurements made during previous hydrologic studies, decades of continuous streamflow data, and a detailed suite of streamflow measurements made in September 2006. Gains and losses were considered significant if, after accounting for tributary inflows and withdrawals, the difference in streamflow from a measurement site to the next site downstream exceeded the streamflow measurement uncertainty. Streamflow measurements made in 1987, 1992, and 1998 indicated minor gains and losses. Comparison of continuous records of late summer streamflow of the Clackamas River at Estacada to sites at Clackamas and Oregon City indicated gains in some years, and no losses. Analysis of streamflow measurements of the Clackamas River from Estacada to Oregon City during low-flow conditions in September 2006 enabled an estimation of gains and losses on a reach-by-reach scale; these gains and losses were attributable to the geomorphic setting. During late summer, most groundwater discharge occurs upstream of Estacada, and groundwater contributions to streamflow downstream of Estacada are minor.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115191","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Clackamas River Water Providers and Clackamas County Water Environment Services?","usgsCitation":"Lee, K.K., 2011, Seepage investigations of the Clackamas River, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5191, iv, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115191.","productDescription":"iv, 16 p.","startPage":"i","endPage":"16","numberOfPages":"20","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116790,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5191.jpg"},{"id":110928,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5191/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"State Plane, Zone 5076","datum":"NAD 83","country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Clackamas River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123,45 ], [ -123,45.5 ], [ -121.5,45.5 ], [ -121.5,45 ], [ -123,45 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f5e4b07f02db5f0d77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Karl K.","contributorId":41050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Karl","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70006065,"text":"fs20113135 - 2011 - National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center project accomplishments: highlights","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-10T15:48:43.243653","indexId":"fs20113135","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3135","title":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center project accomplishments: highlights","docAbstract":"The National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center (NCCWSC) has invested more than $20M since 2008 to put cutting-edge climate science research in the hands of resource managers across the Nation. With NCCWSC support, more than 25 cooperative research initiatives led by U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) researchers and technical staff are advancing our understanding of habitats and species to provide guidance to managers in the face of a changing climate. Projects focus on quantifying and predicting interactions between climate, habitats, species, and other natural resources such as water. Spatial scales of the projects range from the continent of North America, to a regional scale such as the Pacific Northwest United States, to a landscape scale such as the Florida Everglades. Time scales range from the outset of the 20th century to the end of the 21st century. Projects often lead to workshops, presentations, publications and the creation of new websites, computer models, and data visualization tools. Partnership-building is also a key focus of the NCCWSC-supported projects. New and on-going cooperative partnerships have been forged and strengthened with resource managers and scientists at Federal, tribal, state, local, academic, and non-governmental organizations. USGS scientists work closely with resource managers to produce timely and relevant results that can assist managers and policy makers in current resource management decisions. This fact sheet highlights accomplishments of five NCCWSC projects.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113135","usgsCitation":"Holl, S., 2011, National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center project accomplishments: highlights: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3135, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113135.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-030703","costCenters":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36940,"text":"National Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116789,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/FS_2011_3135.png"},{"id":110926,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3135/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db6989e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holl, Sally","contributorId":107416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holl","given":"Sally","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70006063,"text":"fs20113146 - 2011 - Popular myths about flooding in Western Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:43","indexId":"fs20113146","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3146","title":"Popular myths about flooding in Western Washington","docAbstract":"Floods are the most destructive natural hazard in the Nation, causing more deaths and financial loss in the 20th century than any other natural disaster. The most significant 20 riverine floods of the 20th century for which data are available have killed more than 1,843 people and caused more than $50 billion (uninflated) in damages (Perry, 2000). One of the most common means of describing the severity of a flood is a comparison to the \"100-year flood.\" In the last decade, increasing attention has been paid to the fact that some regions, notably the Pacific Northwest, have experienced numerous so-called \"100-year\" floods in the span of a few years. Part of the confusion stems from the statistical nature of the \"100-year flood\" (Greene, 1996); however, another part of the confusion is the fact that the statistics are calculated for specific sites (streamgages) on specific rivers, rather than for a region as a whole. Scientists with the U.S. Geological Survey have begun to investigate how the likelihood of flooding may be determined on a regional basis (Troutman and Karlinger, 2003).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113146","usgsCitation":"Jones, J.L., 2011, Popular myths about flooding in Western Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3146, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113146.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"4","numberOfPages":"4","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116791,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/FS_2011_3146.png"},{"id":110927,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3146/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":115795,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3146/pdf/fs20113146.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db684366","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Joseph L. jljones@usgs.gov","contributorId":3492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Joseph","email":"jljones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70003659,"text":"70003659 - 2011 - Mineralogy and composition of the oceanic mantle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-17T15:11:44.620027","indexId":"70003659","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2420,"text":"Journal of Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineralogy and composition of the oceanic mantle","docAbstract":"

The mineralogy of the oceanic basalt source region is examined by testing whether a peridotite mineralogy can yield observed whole-rock and olivine compositions from (1) the Hawaiian Islands, our type example of a mantle plume, and (2) the Siqueiros Transform, which provides primitive samples of normal mid-ocean ridge basalt. New olivine compositional data from phase 2 of the Hawaii Scientific Drilling Project (HSDP2) show that higher Ni-in-olivine at the Hawaiian Islands is due to higher temperatures (T) of melt generation and processing (by c. 300°C) related to the Hawaiian mantle plume. DNi is low at high T, so parental Hawaiian basalts are enriched in NiO. When Hawaiian (picritic) parental magmas are transported to shallow depths, olivine precipitation occurs at lower temperatures, where DNi is high, leading to high Ni-in-olivine. Similarly, variations in Mn and Fe/Mn ratios in olivines are explained by contrasts in the temperatures of magma processing. Using the most mafic rocks to delimit Siqueiros and Hawaiian Co and Ni contents in parental magmas and mantle source compositions also shows that both suites can be derived from natural peridotites, but are inconsistent with partial melting of natural pyroxenites. Whole-rock compositions at Hawaii and Siqueiros are also matched by partial melting experiments conducted on peridotite bulk compositions. Hawaiian whole-rocks have elevated FeO contents compared with Siqueiros, which can be explained if Hawaiian parental magmas are generated from peridotite at 4–5 GPa, in contrast to pressures of slightly greater than 1 GPa for melt generation at Siqueiros; these pressures are consistent with olivine thermometry, as described in an earlier paper. SiO2-enriched Koolau compositions are reproduced if high-Fe Hawaiian parental magmas re-equilibrate at 1–1·5 GPa. Peridotite partial melts from experimental studies also reproduce the CaO and Al2O3 contents of Hawaiian (and Siqueiros) whole-rocks. Hawaiian magmas have TiO2 contents, however, that are enriched compared with melts from natural peridotites and magmas derived from the Siqueiros depleted mantle, and consequently may require an enriched source. TiO2 is not the only element that is enriched relative to melts of natural peridotites. Moderately incompatible elements, such as Ti, Zr, Hf, Y, and Eu, and compatible elements, such as Yb and Lu, are all enriched at the Hawaiian Islands. Such enrichments can be explained by adding 5–10% mid-ocean ridge basalt (crust) to depleted mantle; when the major element composition of such a mixture is recast into mineral components, the result is a fertile peridotite mineralogy.

","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/petrology/egq080","usgsCitation":"Putirka, K., Ryerson, F.J., Perfit, M., and Ridley, W., 2011, Mineralogy and composition of the oceanic mantle: Journal of Petrology, v. 52, no. 2, p. 279-313, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egq080.","productDescription":"35 p.","startPage":"279","endPage":"313","numberOfPages":"35","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474886,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egq080","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":204342,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Siqueiros Transform","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -161.71874999999997,\n 2.986927393334876\n ],\n [\n -150.732421875,\n 2.986927393334876\n ],\n [\n -150.732421875,\n 25.16517336866393\n ],\n [\n -161.71874999999997,\n 25.16517336866393\n ],\n [\n -161.71874999999997,\n 2.986927393334876\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699e50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Putirka, Keith","contributorId":12950,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Putirka","given":"Keith","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ryerson, F. J.","contributorId":90028,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ryerson","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Perfit, Michael","contributorId":13736,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Perfit","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ridley, W. Ian 0000-0001-6787-558X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6787-558X","contributorId":17269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ridley","given":"W. Ian","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70004518,"text":"70004518 - 2011 - Migratory movements of waterfowl in Central Asia and avian influenza emergence: Sporadic transmission of H5N1 from east to west","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-26T15:41:13.873796","indexId":"70004518","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1961,"text":"Ibis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Migratory movements of waterfowl in Central Asia and avian influenza emergence: Sporadic transmission of H5N1 from east to west","docAbstract":"

Waterfowl in the genera Anas and Tadorna are suspected as vectors in the long‐distance transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1. The former Soviet Republics of Central Asia are situated at an important migratory crossroads for these and other species of birds that bridges regions where the disease is prevalent. However, waterfowl movements through Central Asia are poorly quantified. In this study, historical data derived from over 80 years of bird ringing are combined with recent satellite tracking data to delineate migration routes, movement chronology and habitat use patterns of waterfowl in relation to H5N1 outbreak locations. Results confirm migratory linkage between breeding and moulting areas in northern Kazakhstan and southern Siberia, with non‐breeding areas in the Caspian, Black and eastern Mediterranean Sea basins, as well as with South Asia. However, unlike the situation in neighbouring regions, most notably western China, H5N1 outbreaks have not been recurrent in Central Asia after they were first reported during summer 2005 and spring 2006. These findings have implications in relation to potential sampling biases, species‐specific variation in migratory behaviour and continuing regional H5N1 transmission risks.

","language":"English","publisher":"British Ornithologist's Union","publisherLocation":"Peterborough, U.K.","doi":"10.1111/j.1474-919X.2010.01095.x","usgsCitation":"Iverson, S.A., Gavrilov, A., Katzner, T., Takekawa, J.Y., Miller, T., Hagemeijer, W., Mundkur, T., Sivananinthaperumal, B., DeMattos, C.C., Ahmed, L.S., and Newman, S.H., 2011, Migratory movements of waterfowl in Central Asia and avian influenza emergence: Sporadic transmission of H5N1 from east to west: Ibis, v. 153, no. 2, p. 279-292, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.2010.01095.x.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"279","endPage":"292","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204326,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia,Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan","state":"Siberia","otherGeospatial":"Central Asia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 56.42578125,\n 31.653381399664\n ],\n [\n 119.70703125,\n 31.653381399664\n ],\n [\n 119.70703125,\n 59.62332522313024\n ],\n [\n 56.42578125,\n 59.62332522313024\n ],\n [\n 56.42578125,\n 31.653381399664\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"153","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db6355c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iverson, Samuel A.","contributorId":52308,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Iverson","given":"Samuel","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":350549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gavrilov, Andrei","contributorId":57587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gavrilov","given":"Andrei","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Katzner, Todd E.","contributorId":18893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katzner","given":"Todd E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":350545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Miller, Tricia A.","contributorId":64790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Tricia A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hagemeijer, Ward","contributorId":96406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagemeijer","given":"Ward","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mundkur, Taej","contributorId":107843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mundkur","given":"Taej","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sivananinthaperumal, Balachandran","contributorId":63518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sivananinthaperumal","given":"Balachandran","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"DeMattos, Carlos C.","contributorId":26058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeMattos","given":"Carlos","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Ahmed, Lu’ay S.","contributorId":45050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahmed","given":"Lu’ay","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Newman, Scott H.","contributorId":101372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newman","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70004680,"text":"70004680 - 2011 - Role of climate and invasive species in structuring trout distributions in the interior Columbia River Basin, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:16:01","indexId":"70004680","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Role of climate and invasive species in structuring trout distributions in the interior Columbia River Basin, USA","docAbstract":"Recent and projected climate warming trends have prompted interest in impacts on coldwater fishes. We examined the role of climate (temperature and flow regime) relative to geomorphology and land use in determining the observed distributions of three trout species in the interior Columbia River Basin, USA. We considered two native species, cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii) and bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus), as well as nonnative brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). We also examined the response of the native species to the presence of brook trout. Analyses were conducted using multilevel logistic regression applied to a geographically broad database of 4165 fish surveys. The results indicated that bull trout distributions were strongly related to climatic factors, and more weakly related to the presence of brook trout and geomorphic variables. Cutthroat trout distributions were weakly related to climate but strongly related to the presence of brook trout. Brook trout distributions were related to both climate and geomorphic variables, including proximity to unconfined valley bottoms. We conclude that brook trout and bull trout are likely to be adversely affected by climate warming, whereas cutthroat trout may be less sensitive. The results illustrate the importance of considering species interactions and flow regime alongside temperature in understanding climate effects on fish.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","publisherLocation":"Ottawa, Ontario","usgsCitation":"Wenger, S.J., Isaak, D.J., Dunham, J., Fausch, K., Luce, C.H., Neville, H.M., Rieman, B.E., Young, M.K., Nagel, D.E., Horan, D.L., and Chandler, G.L., 2011, Role of climate and invasive species in structuring trout distributions in the interior Columbia River Basin, USA: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 68, no. 6, p. 988-1008.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"988","endPage":"1008","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204368,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":110915,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs_other/rmrs_2011_wenger_s002.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River Basin","volume":"68","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fe221","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wenger, Seth J.","contributorId":64786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wenger","given":"Seth","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Isaak, Daniel J.","contributorId":57202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isaak","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dunham, Jason B.","contributorId":64791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunham","given":"Jason B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fausch, Kurt D. 0000-0001-5825-7560","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5825-7560","contributorId":29370,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fausch","given":"Kurt D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Luce, Charles H.","contributorId":65980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luce","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Neville, Helen M.","contributorId":21273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neville","given":"Helen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rieman, Bruce E.","contributorId":107420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rieman","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Young, Michael K.","contributorId":34253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Nagel, David E.","contributorId":86887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagel","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Horan, Dona L.","contributorId":36672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horan","given":"Dona","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Chandler, Gwynne L.","contributorId":74869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chandler","given":"Gwynne","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70005558,"text":"70005558 - 2011 - Role of back diffusion and biodegradation reactions in sustaining an MTBE/TBA plume in alluvial media","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-11T11:25:36","indexId":"70005558","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Role of back diffusion and biodegradation reactions in sustaining an MTBE/TBA plume in alluvial media","docAbstract":"A methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) / tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) plume originating from a gasoline spill in late 1994 at Vandenberg Air Force Base (VAFB) persisted for over 15 years within 200 feet of the original spill source. The plume persisted until 2010 despite excavation of the tanks and piping within months after the spill and excavations of additional contaminated sediments from the source area in 2007 and 2008. The probable history of MTBE concentrations along the plume centerline at its source was estimated using a wide variety of available information, including published details about the original spill, excavations and monitoring by VAFB consultants, and our own research data. Two-dimensional reactive transport simulations of MTBE along the plume centerline were conducted for a 20-year period following the spill. These analyses suggest that MTBE diffused from the thin anaerobic aquifer into the adjacent anaerobic silts and transformed to TBA in both aquifer and silt layers. The model reproduces the observation that after 2004 TBA was the dominant solute, diffusing back out of the silts into the aquifer and sustaining plume concentrations much longer than would have been the case in the absence of such diffusive exchange. Simulations also suggest that aerobic degradation of MTBE or TBA at the water table in the overlying silt layer significantly affected concentrations of MTBE and TBA by limiting the chemical mass available for back diffusion to the aquifer.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2011.08.006","usgsCitation":"Rasa, E., Chapman, S.W., Bekins, B.A., Fogg, G., Scow, K.M., and Mackay, D.M., 2011, Role of back diffusion and biodegradation reactions in sustaining an MTBE/TBA plume in alluvial media: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 126, no. 3-4, p. 235-247, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2011.08.006.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"235","endPage":"247","costCenters":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474889,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3267905","text":"External Repository"},{"id":204366,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Vandenberg Air Force Base","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.68206787109375,\n 34.6241677899049\n ],\n [\n -120.40740966796875,\n 34.6241677899049\n ],\n [\n -120.40740966796875,\n 34.77771580360469\n ],\n [\n -120.68206787109375,\n 34.77771580360469\n ],\n [\n -120.68206787109375,\n 34.6241677899049\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"126","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cca2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rasa, Ehsan","contributorId":20461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rasa","given":"Ehsan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapman, Steven W.","contributorId":35867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bekins, Barbara A. 0000-0002-1411-6018 babekins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1411-6018","contributorId":1348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bekins","given":"Barbara","email":"babekins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fogg, Graham E.","contributorId":68779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fogg","given":"Graham E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Scow, Kate M.","contributorId":100519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scow","given":"Kate","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mackay, Douglas M.","contributorId":22081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mackay","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70004384,"text":"70004384 - 2011 - Measurement and modeling of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-16T17:44:46.61134","indexId":"70004384","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-23T05:15:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"21","title":"Measurement and modeling of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity","docAbstract":"

The unsaturated zone plays an extremely important hydrologic role that influences water quality and quantity, ecosystem function and health, the connection between atmospheric and terrestrial processes, nutrient cycling, soil development, and natural hazards such as flooding and landslides. Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity is one of the main properties considered to govern flow; however it is very difficult to measure accurately. Knowledge of the highly nonlinear relationship between unsaturated hydraulic conductivity (K) and volumetric water content () is required for widely-used models of water flow and solute transport processes in the unsaturated zone. Measurement of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of sediments is costly and time consuming, therefore use of models that estimate this property from more easily measured bulk-physical properties is common. In hydrologic studies, calculations based on property-transfer models informed by hydraulic property databases are often used in lieu of measured data from the site of interest. Reliance on database-informed predicted values with the use of neural networks has become increasingly common. Hydraulic properties predicted using databases may be adequate in some applications, but not others.

\n

This chapter will discuss, by way of examples, various techniques used to measure and model hydraulic conductivity as a function of water content, K(). The parameters that describe the K() curve obtained by different methods are used directly in Richards’ equation-based numerical models, which have some degree of sensitivity to those parameters. This chapter will explore the complications of using laboratory measured or estimated properties for field scale investigations to shed light on how adequately the processes are represented. Additionally, some more recent concepts for representing unsaturated-zone flow processes will be discussed.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydraulic conductivity - Issues, determination and applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"InTech","doi":"10.5772/20017","usgsCitation":"Perkins, K., 2011, Measurement and modeling of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, chap. 21 of Hydraulic conductivity - Issues, determination and applications, p. 419-434, https://doi.org/10.5772/20017.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"419","endPage":"434","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-029436","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":474891,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5772/20017","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":310730,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-11-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5631f1f6e4b0c1dd0339e4ea","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Elango, Lakshmanan","contributorId":147284,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elango","given":"Lakshmanan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578594,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Perkins, Kim S. 0000-0001-8349-447X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8349-447X","contributorId":44097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"Kim S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70006047,"text":"ofr20111239 - 2011 - Report of the River Master of the Delaware River for the period December 1, 2006–November 30, 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:12:01","indexId":"ofr20111239","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1239","title":"Report of the River Master of the Delaware River for the period December 1, 2006–November 30, 2007","docAbstract":"A Decree of the Supreme Court of the United States, entered June 7, 1954, established the position of Delaware River Master within the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). In addition, the Decree authorizes diversions of water from the Delaware River Basin and requires compensating releases from certain reservoirs, owned by New York City, to be made under the supervision and direction of the River Master. The Decree stipulates that the River Master will furnish reports to the Court, not less frequently than annually. This report is the 54th Annual Report of the River Master of the Delaware River. It covers the 2007 River Master report year—the period from December 1, 2006, to November 30, 2007. During the report year, precipitation in the upper Delaware River Basin was 46.72 inches (in.) or 107 percent of the long-term average. Combined storage in Pepacton, Cannonsville, and Neversink Reservoirs was high on December 1, 2006. Reservoir storage remained high throughout the winter, declined seasonally during the summer, and began to recover in mid-October. Delaware River operations throughout the year were conducted as stipulated by the Decree. Diversions from the Delaware River Basin by New York City and New Jersey were in full compliance with the Decree. Reservoir releases were made as directed by the River Master at rates designed to meet the flow objective for the Delaware River at Montague, New Jersey, on 123 days during the report year. Releases were made at conservation rates—or rates designed to relieve thermal stress and protect the fishery and aquatic habitat in the tailwaters of the reservoirs—on all other days. During the report year, New York City and New Jersey complied fully with the terms of the Decree, and directives and requests of the River Master. As part of a long-term program, the quality of water in the Delaware Estuary between Trenton, New Jersey, and Reedy Island Jetty, Delaware, was monitored at various locations. Data on water temperature, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, and pH were collected continuously by electronic instruments at four sites. In addition, selected water-quality data were collected at 19 sites on a twice–monthly basis and at 3 sites on a monthly basis.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geologlical Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111239","usgsCitation":"Krejmas, B.E., Paulachok, G.N., and Blanchard, S.F., 2011, Report of the River Master of the Delaware River for the period December 1, 2006–November 30, 2007: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1239, vi, 71 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111239.","productDescription":"vi, 71 p.; Appendices","temporalStart":"2006-12-01","temporalEnd":"2007-11-30","costCenters":[{"id":510,"text":"Office of the Delaware River Master","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116705,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1239.gif"},{"id":110899,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1239/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware;Pennsylvania;New York","otherGeospatial":"Delaware River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.5,39.75 ], [ -76.5,42.5 ], [ -74.25,42.5 ], [ -74.25,39.75 ], [ -76.5,39.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5ee4b07f02db633b56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krejmas, Bruce E.","contributorId":102501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krejmas","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paulachok, Gary N. gnpaulac@usgs.gov","contributorId":3500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paulachok","given":"Gary","email":"gnpaulac@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":353725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blanchard, Stephen F.","contributorId":54966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blanchard","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70006048,"text":"ofr20111240 - 2011 - Helicopter electromagnetic and magnetic geophysical survey data, Hunton anticline, south-central Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-15T14:00:18.776932","indexId":"ofr20111240","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1240","title":"Helicopter electromagnetic and magnetic geophysical survey data, Hunton anticline, south-central Oklahoma","docAbstract":"This report is a digital data release for multiple geophysical surveys conducted in the Hunton anticline area of south-central Oklahoma. The helicopter electromagnetic and magnetic surveys were flown on March 16–17, 2007, in four areas of the Hunton anticline in south-central Oklahoma. The objective of this project is to improve the understanding of the geohydrologic framework of the Arbuckle-Simpson aquifer. The electromagnetic sensor for the helicopter electromagnetic survey consisted of six different transmitter-receiver orientations that measured the earth's electrical response at six distinct frequencies from approximately 500 Hertz to approximately 115,000 Hertz. The electromagnetic measurements were converted to electrical resistivity values, which were gridded and plotted on georeferenced maps. The map from each frequency represents a different depth of investigation for each area. The range of subsurface investigation is comparable to the depth of shallow groundwater. The four areas selected for the helicopter electromagnetic study, blocks A–D, have different geologic and hydrologic settings. Geophysical and hydrologic information from U.S. Geological Survey studies are being used by modelers and resource managers to develop groundwater resource plans for the Arbuckle-Simpson aquifer.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111240","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service and the State of Oklahoma, Oklahoma Water Resources Board","usgsCitation":"Smith, B.D., Smith, D.V., Deszcz-Pan, M., Blome, C.D., and Hill, P., 2011, Helicopter electromagnetic and magnetic geophysical survey data, Hunton anticline, south-central Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1240, v, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111240.","productDescription":"v, 14 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":308,"text":"Geology and Environmental Change Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110900,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1240/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":116704,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1240.gif"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"Hunton anticline, Arbuckle-Aimpson aquifer","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3031e4b0c8380cd5d43a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Bruce D. 0000-0002-1643-2997 bsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1643-2997","contributorId":845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Bruce","email":"bsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, David V. 0000-0003-0426-4401 dvsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0426-4401","contributorId":1306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David","email":"dvsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Deszcz-Pan, Maryla","contributorId":87639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deszcz-Pan","given":"Maryla","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blome, Charles D. 0000-0002-3449-9378 cblome@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3449-9378","contributorId":1246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blome","given":"Charles","email":"cblome@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hill, Patricia","contributorId":65160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Patricia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70006045,"text":"ofr20111252 - 2011 - Denitrification rates in marsh soils and hydrologic and water quality data for Northeast Creek and Bass Harbor Marsh watersheds, Mount Desert Island, Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-03T17:16:15","indexId":"ofr20111252","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1252","title":"Denitrification rates in marsh soils and hydrologic and water quality data for Northeast Creek and Bass Harbor Marsh watersheds, Mount Desert Island, Maine","docAbstract":"Nutrient enrichment from atmospheric deposition, agricultural activities, wildlife, and domestic sources is a concern at Acadia National Park because of the potential problem of water-quality degradation and eutrophication in estuaries. Water-quality degradation has been observed at the park's Bass Harbor Marsh estuary but minimal degradation is observed in Northeast Creek estuary. Previous studies at Acadia National Park have estimated nutrient inputs to estuaries from atmospheric deposition and surface-water runoff, and have identified shallow groundwater as an additional potential nutrient source. Previous studies at Acadia National Park have assumed that a certain fraction of the nitrogen input was removed through microbial denitrification, but rates of denitrification (natural or maximum potential) in marsh soils have not been determined. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Acadia National Park, measured in situ denitrification rates in marsh soils in Northeast Creek and Bass Harbor Marsh watersheds during the summer seasons of 2008 and 2009. Denitrification was measured under ambient conditions and following inorganic nitrogen and glucose additions. Laboratory incubations of marsh soils with and without acetylene were conducted to determine average ratios of nitrous oxide (N2O) to nitrogen (N2) produced during denitrification. Surface water and groundwater samples were analyzed for nutrients, specific conductance, temperature, and dissolved oxygen. Water level was recorded continuously during the growing season in Fresh Meadow Marsh in the Northeast Creek Watershed.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111252","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Huntington, T.G., Culbertson, C.W., and Duff, J.H., 2011, Denitrification rates in marsh soils and hydrologic and water quality data for Northeast Creek and Bass Harbor Marsh watersheds, Mount Desert Island, Maine: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1252, viii, 28 p.; Tables 4-27 Download, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111252.","productDescription":"viii, 28 p.; Tables 4-27 Download","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116701,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1252.gif"},{"id":110897,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1252/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","otherGeospatial":"Acadia National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -68.43333333333334,44.21666666666667 ], [ -68.43333333333334,44.45 ], [ -68.13333333333334,44.45 ], [ -68.13333333333334,44.21666666666667 ], [ -68.43333333333334,44.21666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab2e4b07f02db66ec49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huntington, Thomas G. 0000-0002-9427-3530 thunting@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9427-3530","contributorId":1884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntington","given":"Thomas","email":"thunting@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Culbertson, Charles W. cculbert@usgs.gov","contributorId":1607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Culbertson","given":"Charles","email":"cculbert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duff, John H. jhduff@usgs.gov","contributorId":961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duff","given":"John","email":"jhduff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70006046,"text":"sir20115138 - 2011 - Observed and forecast flood-inundation mapping application-A pilot study of an eleven-mile reach of the White River, Indianapolis, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-01T08:40:43","indexId":"sir20115138","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5138","title":"Observed and forecast flood-inundation mapping application-A pilot study of an eleven-mile reach of the White River, Indianapolis, Indiana","docAbstract":"

Near-real-time and forecast flood-inundation mapping products resulted from a pilot study for an 11-mile reach of the White River in Indianapolis. The study was done by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Indiana Silver Jackets hazard mitigation taskforce members, the National Weather Service (NWS), the Polis Center, and Indiana University, in cooperation with the City of Indianapolis, the Indianapolis Museum of Art, the Indiana Department of Homeland Security, and the Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water. The pilot project showed that it is technically feasible to create a flood-inundation map library by means of a two-dimensional hydraulic model, use a map from the library to quickly complete a moderately detailed local flood-loss estimate, and automatically run the hydraulic model during a flood event to provide the maps and flood-damage information through a Web graphical user interface. A library of static digital flood-inundation maps was created by means of a calibrated two-dimensional hydraulic model. Estimated water-surface elevations were developed for a range of river stages referenced to a USGS streamgage and NWS flood forecast point colocated within the study reach. These maps were made available through the Internet in several formats, including geographic information system, Keyhole Markup Language, and Portable Document Format. A flood-loss estimate was completed for part of the study reach by using one of the flood-inundation maps from the static library. The Federal Emergency Management Agency natural disaster-loss estimation program HAZUS-MH, in conjunction with local building information, was used to complete a level 2 analysis of flood-loss estimation. A Service-Oriented Architecture-based dynamic flood-inundation application was developed and was designed to start automatically during a flood, obtain near real-time and forecast data (from the colocated USGS streamgage and NWS flood forecast point within the study reach), run the two-dimensional hydraulic model, and produce flood-inundation maps. The application used local building data and depth-damage curves to estimate flood losses based on the maps, and it served inundation maps and flood-loss estimates through a Web-based graphical user interface.

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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db696419","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kim, Moon H. 0000-0002-4328-8409 mkim@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4328-8409","contributorId":3211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"Moon","email":"mkim@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morlock, Scott E. smorlock@usgs.gov","contributorId":3212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morlock","given":"Scott","email":"smorlock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":353723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arihood, Leslie D. 0000-0001-5792-3699 larihood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5792-3699","contributorId":2357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arihood","given":"Leslie","email":"larihood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kiesler, James L. jkiesler@usgs.gov","contributorId":4470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kiesler","given":"James","email":"jkiesler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":353724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70003728,"text":"70003728 - 2011 - Restricted growth of U-type infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) in rainbow trout cells may be linked to casein kinase II activity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-29T19:09:43.793231","indexId":"70003728","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2286,"text":"Journal of Fish Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Restricted growth of U-type infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) in rainbow trout cells may be linked to casein kinase II activity","docAbstract":"

Previously, we demonstrated that a representative M genogroup type strain of infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) from rainbow trout grows well in rainbow trout‐derived RTG‐2 cells, but a U genogroup type strain from sockeye salmon has restricted growth, associated with reduced genome replication and mRNA transcription. Here, we analysed further the mechanisms for this growth restriction of U‐type IHNV in RTG‐2 cells, using strategies that assessed differences in viral genes, host immune regulation and phosphorylation. To determine whether the viral glycoprotein (G) or non‐virion (NV) protein was responsible for the growth restriction, four recombinant IHNV viruses were generated in which the G gene of an infectious IHNV clone was replaced by the G gene of U‐ or M‐type IHNV and the NV gene was replaced by NV of U‐ or M‐type IHNV. There was no significant difference in the growth of these recombinants in RTG‐2 cells, indicating that G and NV proteins are not major factors responsible for the differential growth of the U‐ and M‐type strains. Poly I:C pretreatment of RTG‐2 cells suppressed the growth of both U‐ and M‐type IHNV, although the M virus continued to replicate at a reduced level. Both viruses induced type 1 interferon (IFN1) and the IFN1 stimulated gene Mx1, but the expression levels in M‐infected cells were significantly higher than in U‐infected cells and an inhibitor of the IFN1‐inducible protein kinase PKR, 2‐aminopurine (2‐AP), did not affect the growth of U‐ or M‐type IHNV in RTG‐2 cells. These data did not indicate a role for the IFN1 system in the restricted growth of U‐type IHNV in RTG‐2 cells. Prediction of kinase‐specific phosphorylation sites in the viral phosphoprotein (P) using the NetPhosK program revealed differences between U‐ and M‐type P genes at five phosphorylation sites. Pretreatment of RTG‐2 cells with a PKC inhibitor or a p38MAPK inhibitor did not affect the growth of the U‐ and M‐type viruses. However, 100 μm of the casein kinase II (CKII) inhibitor, 5,6‐dichloro‐1‐β‐d‐ribofuranosylbenzimidazole (DRB), reduced the titre of the U type 8.3‐fold at 24 h post‐infection. In contrast, 100 μm of the CKII inhibitor reduced the titre of the M type only 1.3‐fold at 48 h post‐infection. Our data suggest that the different growth of U‐ and M‐type IHNV in RTG‐2 cells may be linked to a differential requirement for cellular protein kinases such as CKII for their growth.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2761.2010.01225.x","usgsCitation":"Park, J.W., Moon, C.H., Harmache, A., Wargo, A.R., Purcell, M.K., Bremont, M., and Kurath, G., 2011, Restricted growth of U-type infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) in rainbow trout cells may be linked to casein kinase II activity: Journal of Fish Diseases, v. 34, no. 2, p. 115-129, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.2010.01225.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"115","endPage":"129","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474893,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.2010.01225.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":204523,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db627231","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Park, J. W.","contributorId":22084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Park","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moon, C. H.","contributorId":95607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moon","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harmache, A.","contributorId":98457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harmache","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wargo, A. R.","contributorId":28734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wargo","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Purcell, M. K.","contributorId":78464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Purcell","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bremont, M.","contributorId":30349,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bremont","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kurath, Gael 0000-0003-3294-560X gkurath@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-560X","contributorId":100522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurath","given":"Gael","email":"gkurath@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70005861,"text":"70005861 - 2011 - Mercury bioaccumulation and biomagnification in Ozark stream ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-11T10:21:13","indexId":"70005861","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1480,"text":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury bioaccumulation and biomagnification in Ozark stream ecosystems","docAbstract":"

Crayfish (Orconectes spp.), Asian clam (Corbicula fluminea), northern hog sucker (hog sucker; Hypentelium nigricans), and smallmouth bass (smallmouth; Micropterus dolomieu) from streams in southeastern Missouri (USA) were analyzed for total mercury (HgT) and for stable isotopes of carbon (δ13C), nitrogen (δ15N), and sulfur (δ34S) to discern Hg transfer pathways. HgT concentrations were generally lowest in crayfish (0.005–0.112 μg/g dw) and highest in smallmouth (0.093–4.041 μg/g dw), as was δ15N. HgT was also lower and δ15N was higher in all biota from a stream draining a more heavily populated historical lead–zinc mining area than from similar sites with mostly undeveloped forested watersheds. δ13C in biota was lowest at spring-influenced sites, reflecting CO2 inputs and temperature influences, and δ34S increased from south to north in all taxa. However, HgT was not strongly correlated with either δ13C or δ34S in biota. Trophic position (TP) computed from crayfish δ15N was lower in hog suckers (mean=2.8) than in smallmouth (mean=3.2), but not at all sites. HgT, δ13C, δ34S, and TP in hog suckers increased with total length (length) at some sites, indicating site-specific ontogenetic diet shifts. Changes with length were less evident in smallmouth. Length-adjusted HgT site means in both species were strongly correlated with HgT in crayfish (r2=0.97, P<0.01), but not with HgT in Corbicula (r2=0.02, P>0.05). ANCOVA and regression models incorporating only TP and, for hog suckers, length, accurately and precisely predicted HgT concentrations in both fish species from all locations. Although low compared to many areas of the USA, HgT (and therefore methylmercury) concentrations in smallmouth and hog suckers are sufficiently high to represent a threat to human health and wildlife. Our data indicate that in Ozark streams, Hg concentrations in crayfish are at least partly determined by their diet, with concentrations in hog suckers, smallmouth, and possibly other higher-level consumers largely determined by concentrations in crayfish and other primary and secondary consumers, fish growth rates, and TP.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.08.008","usgsCitation":"Schmitt, C.J., Stricker, C.A., and Brumbaugh, W.G., 2011, Mercury bioaccumulation and biomagnification in Ozark stream ecosystems: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, v. 74, no. 8, p. 2215-2224, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.08.008.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2215","endPage":"2224","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204378,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Ozark Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.5,\n 38.0\n ],\n [\n -91.5,\n 38.0\n ],\n [\n -91.5,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -90.5,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -90.5,\n 38.0\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"74","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624b4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmitt, Christopher J. 0000-0001-6804-2360 cjschmitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6804-2360","contributorId":491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitt","given":"Christopher","email":"cjschmitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stricker, Craig A. 0000-0002-5031-9437 cstricker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5031-9437","contributorId":1097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stricker","given":"Craig","email":"cstricker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brumbaugh, William G. 0000-0003-0081-375X bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0081-375X","contributorId":493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbaugh","given":"William","email":"bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70005998,"text":"70005998 - 2011 - 40Ar∗ loss in experimentally deformed muscovite and biotite with implications for 40Ar/39Ar geochronology of naturally deformed rocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-25T20:34:44.896532","indexId":"70005998","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"40Ar* loss in experimentally deformed muscovite and biotite with implications for 40Ar/39Ar geochronology of naturally deformed rocks","title":"40Ar∗ loss in experimentally deformed muscovite and biotite with implications for 40Ar/39Ar geochronology of naturally deformed rocks","docAbstract":"

The effects of deformation on radiogenic argon (40Ar∗) retentivity in mica are described from high pressure experiments performed on rock samples of peraluminous granite containing euhedral muscovite and biotite. Cylindrical cores, ∼15 mm in length and 6.25 mm in diameter, were drilled from granite collected from the South Armorican Massif in northwestern France, loaded into gold capsules, and weld-sealed in the presence of excess water. The samples were deformed at a pressure of 10 kb and a temperature of 600 °C over a period 29 of hours within a solid medium assembly in a Griggs-type triaxial hydraulic deformation apparatus. Overall shortening in the experiments was approximately 10%. Transmitted light and secondary and backscattered electron imaging of the deformed granite samples reveals evidence of induced defects and for significant physical grain size reduction by kinking, cracking, and grain segmentation of the micas.

Infrared (IR) laser (CO2) heating of individual 1.5–2.5 mm diameter grains of muscovite and biotite separated from the undeformed granite yield well-defined 40Ar/39Ar plateau ages of 311 ± 2 Ma (2σ). Identical experiments on single grains separated from the experimentally deformed granite yield results indicating 40Ar∗ loss of 0–35% in muscovite and 2–3% 40Ar∗ loss in biotite. Intragrain in situ ultraviolet (UV) laser ablation 40Ar/39Ar ages (±4–10%, 1σ) of deformed muscovites range from 309 ± 13 to 264 ± 7 Ma, consistent with 0–16% 40Ar∗ loss relative to the undeformed muscovite. The in situ UV laser ablation 40Ar/39Ar ages of deformed biotite vary from 301 to 217 Ma, consistent with up to 32% 40Ar∗ loss. No spatial correlation is observed between in situ 40Ar/39Ar age and position within individual grains. Using available argon diffusion data for muscovite the observed 40Ar∗ loss in the experimentally treated muscovite can be utilized to predict average 40Ar∗ diffusion dimensions. Maximum 40Ar/39Ar ages obtained by UV laser ablation overlap those of the undeformed muscovite, indicating argon loss of <1% and an average effective grain radius for 40Ar∗ diffusion ⩾700 μm. The UV laser ablation and IR laser incremental 40Ar/39Ar ages indicating 40Ar∗ loss of 16% and 35%, respectively, are consistent with an average diffusion radius ≪100 μm. These results support a hypothesis of grain-scale 40Ar∗ diffusion distances in undeformed mica and a heterogeneous mechanical reduction in the intragrain effective diffusion length scale for 40Ar∗ in deformed mica. Reduction in the effective diffusion length scale in naturally deformed samples occurs most probably through production of mesoscopic and submicroscopic defects such as, e.g., stacking faults. A network of interconnected defects, continuously forming and annealing during dynamic deformation likely plays an important role in controlling both 40Ar∗ retention and intragrain distribution in deformed mica. Intragrain 40Ar/39Ar ages, when combined with estimates of diffusion kinetics and distances, may provide a means of establishing thermochronological histories from individual micas.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2011.10.012","usgsCitation":"Cosca, M., Stunitz, H., Bourgiex, A., and Lee, J.P., 2011, 40Ar∗ loss in experimentally deformed muscovite and biotite with implications for 40Ar/39Ar geochronology of naturally deformed rocks: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 75, no. 24, p. 7759-7778, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2011.10.012.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"7759","endPage":"7778","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204320,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"France","state":"Brittany","city":"Pontivy","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -3.2684326171875,\n 47.964180715412276\n ],\n [\n -2.9937744140625,\n 47.964180715412276\n ],\n [\n -2.9937744140625,\n 48.143181585289554\n ],\n [\n -3.2684326171875,\n 48.143181585289554\n ],\n [\n -3.2684326171875,\n 47.964180715412276\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"75","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b42d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cosca, Michael 0000-0002-0600-7663","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0600-7663","contributorId":33043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cosca","given":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stunitz, Holger","contributorId":46680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stunitz","given":"Holger","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bourgiex, Anne-Lise","contributorId":60371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bourgiex","given":"Anne-Lise","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lee, John P. jplee@usgs.gov","contributorId":3291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"John","email":"jplee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":353622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70005997,"text":"sim3182 - 2011 - Potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer in Florida and parts of Georgia, South Carolina, and Alabama, May – June 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-31T08:35:08","indexId":"sim3182","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3182","title":"Potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer in Florida and parts of Georgia, South Carolina, and Alabama, May – June 2010","docAbstract":"The Floridan aquifer system covers nearly 100,000 square miles in the southeastern United States throughout Florida and in parts of Georgia, South Carolina, and Alabama, and is one of the most productive aquifers in the world (Miller, 1990). This sequence of carbonate rocks is hydraulically connected and is over 300 feet thick in south Florida and thins toward the north. Typically, this sequence is subdivided into the Upper Floridan aquifer, the middle confining unit, and the Lower Floridan aquifer. The majority of freshwater is contained in the Upper Floridan aquifer and is used for water supply (Miller, 1986). The Lower Floridan aquifer contains fresh to brackish water in northeastern Florida and Georgia, while in south Florida it is saline. The potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer in May–June 2010 shown on this map was constructed as part of the U.S. Geological Survey Floridan Aquifer System Groundwater Availability Study (U.S. Geological Survey database, 2011). 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67ba20","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kinnaman, Sandra L. 0000-0003-0271-6187 kinnaman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0271-6187","contributorId":1757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinnaman","given":"Sandra","email":"kinnaman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":270,"text":"FLWSC-Tampa","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dixon, Joann F. 0000-0001-9200-6407 jdixon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9200-6407","contributorId":1756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"Joann","email":"jdixon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5051,"text":"FLWSC-Orlando","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70005467,"text":"70005467 - 2011 - Relating nutrient and herbicide fate with landscape features and characteristics of 15 subwatersheds in the Choptank River watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-21T16:44:25.341427","indexId":"70005467","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relating nutrient and herbicide fate with landscape features and characteristics of 15 subwatersheds in the Choptank River watershed","docAbstract":"Excess nutrients and agrochemicals from non-point sources contribute to water quality impairment in the Chesapeake Bay watershed and their loading rates are related to land use, agricultural practices, hydrology, and pollutant fate and transport processes. In this study, monthly baseflow stream samples from 15 agricultural subwatersheds of the Choptank River in Maryland USA (2005 to 2007) were characterized for nutrients, herbicides, and herbicide transformation products. High-resolution digital maps of land use and forested wetlands were derived from remote sensing imagery. Examination of landscape metrics and water quality data, partitioned according to hydrogeomorphic class, provided insight into the fate, delivery, and transport mechanisms associated with agricultural pollutants. Mean Nitrate-N concentrations (4.9 mg/L) were correlated positively with percent agriculture (R2 = 0.56) and negatively with percent forest (R2 = 0.60). Concentrations were greater (p = 0.0001) in the well-drained upland (WDU) hydrogeomorphic region than in poorly drained upland (PDU), reflecting increased denitrification and reduced agricultural land use intensity in the PDU landscape due to the prevalence of hydric soils. Atrazine and metolachlor concentrations (mean 0.29 μg/L and 0.19 μg/L) were also greater (p = 0.0001) in WDU subwatersheds than in PDU subwatersheds. Springtime herbicide concentrations exhibited a strong, positive correlation (R2 = 0.90) with percent forest in the WDU subwatersheds but not in the PDU subwatersheds. In addition, forested riparian stream buffers in the WDU were more prevalent than in the PDU where forested patches are typically not located near streams, suggesting an alternative delivery mechanism whereby volatilized herbicides are captured by the riparian forest canopy and subsequently washed off during rainfall. Orthophosphate, CIAT (6-chloro-N-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine), CEAT (6-chloro-N-ethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine), and MESA (2-[(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl) (2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)amino]-2-oxoethanesulfonic acid) were also analyzed. These findings will assist efforts in targeting implementation of conservation practices to the most environmentally-critical areas within watersheds to achieve water quality improvements in a cost-effective manner.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.05.024","usgsCitation":"Hively, W., Hapeman, C.J., McConnell, L.L., Fisher, T.R., Rice, C.P., McCarty, G.W., Sadeghi, A.M., Whitall, D.R., Downey, P.M., de Guzman, G.T., Bialek-Kalinski, K., Lang, M., Gustafson, A.B., Sutton, A.J., Sefton, K.A., and Harman Fetcho, J.A., 2011, Relating nutrient and herbicide fate with landscape features and characteristics of 15 subwatersheds in the Choptank River watershed: Science of the Total Environment, v. 409, no. 19, p. 3866-3878, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.05.024.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"3866","endPage":"3878","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204377,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Choptank River watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.1407470703125,\n 38.646908247760706\n ],\n [\n -75.58868408203125,\n 38.646908247760706\n ],\n [\n -75.58868408203125,\n 39.29392267616436\n ],\n [\n -76.1407470703125,\n 39.29392267616436\n ],\n [\n -76.1407470703125,\n 38.646908247760706\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"409","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c35e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hively, W. 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A total of 1,340 individual fish (56 species and 23 families) were identified and their lengths estimated for the 211 of 285 visually censused traps that contained fish. This dataset includes for each censused trap: location, depth, substrate/habitat, trap type and construction details, in or out of park waters, and species and estimated fork length (in centimeters) of each individual fish in a trap. Analysis and interpretation of this dataset are provided in previously published reports by the author.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds642","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Garrison, V.H., Beets, J., Friedlander, A.M., and Canty, S., 2011, Data from in situ Observations of Fish Traps Set by Fishermen in St. John Waters, U.S. Virgin Islands, 1992-94: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 642, HTML Document; TXT Download of Metadata File; XLSX Download of Data File, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds642.","productDescription":"HTML Document; TXT Download of Metadata File; XLSX Download of Data File","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1992-01-01","temporalEnd":"1994-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116428,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_642.png"},{"id":110848,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/642/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"U.S. Virgin Islands","otherGeospatial":"St. John","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -65,18 ], [ -65,19 ], [ -64,19 ], [ -64,18 ], [ -65,18 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c94c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garrison, Virginia H. ginger_garrison@usgs.gov","contributorId":2386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrison","given":"Virginia","email":"ginger_garrison@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beets, Jim","contributorId":99686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beets","given":"Jim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Friedlander, Alan M. afriedlander@usgs.gov","contributorId":53079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedlander","given":"Alan","email":"afriedlander@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Canty, Steven","contributorId":83255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Canty","given":"Steven","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70005983,"text":"ofr20111194 - 2011 - Shallow stratigraphy of the Skagit River Delta, Washington, derived from sediment cores","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:12:01","indexId":"ofr20111194","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1194","title":"Shallow stratigraphy of the Skagit River Delta, Washington, derived from sediment cores","docAbstract":"Sedimentologic analyses of 21 sediment cores, ranging from 0.4 to 9.6 m in length, reveal that the shallow geologic framework of the Skagit River Delta, western Washington, United States, has changed significantly since 1850. The cores collected from elevations of 3.94 to -2.41 m (relative to mean lower low water) along four cross-shore transects between the emergent marsh and delta front show relatively similar environmental changes across an area spanning ~75 km2. Offshore of the present North Fork Skagit River and South Fork Skagit River mouths where river discharge is focused by diked channels through the delta, the entire 5–7-km-wide tidal flats are covered with 1–2 m of cross-bedded medium-to-coarse sands. The bottoms of cores, collected in these areas are composed of mud. A sharp transition from mud to a cross-bedded sand unit indicates that the tidal flats changed abruptly from a calm environment to an energetic one. This is in stark contrast to the Martha's Bay tidal flats north of the Skagit Bay jetty that was completed in the 1940s to protect the newly constructed Swinomish Channel from flooding and sedimentation. North of the jetty, mud ranging from 1 to 2 m thick drapes a previously silt- and sand-rich tidal flat. The silty sand is a sediment facies that would be expected there where North Fork Skagit River sedimentation occurred prior to jetty emplacement. This report describes the compositional and textural properties of the sediment cores by using geophysical, photographic, x-radiography, and standard sediment grain-size and carbon-analytical methods. The findings help to characterize benthic habitat structure and sediment transport processes and the environmental changes that have occurred across the nearshore of the Skagit River Delta. The findings will be useful for quantifying changes to nearshore marine resources, including impacts resulting from diking, river-delta channelization, shoreline development, and natural variations in fluvial-sediment inputs. These results also provide important quantitative data on the amount of sediment delivered to the nearshore from the Skagit River for use in calculating sediment budgets for application to watershed planning and wetland and coastal-ecosystem restoration.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111194","usgsCitation":"Grossman, E., George, D.A., and Lam, A., 2011, Shallow stratigraphy of the Skagit River Delta, Washington, derived from sediment cores: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1194, vi, 26 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111194.","productDescription":"vi, 26 p.; Appendices","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116424,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1194.gif"},{"id":110843,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1194/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Skagit River Delta","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124,47 ], [ -124,49 ], [ -121.25,49 ], [ -121.25,47 ], [ -124,47 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abde4b07f02db673b8a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grossman, Eric E.","contributorId":40677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grossman","given":"Eric E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"George, Douglas A.","contributorId":60328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"George","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lam, Angela","contributorId":37312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lam","given":"Angela","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70005696,"text":"70005696 - 2011 - Refugial isolation and divergence in the Narrowheaded Gartersnake species complex (Thamnophis rufipunctatus) as revealed by multilocus DNA sequence data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-18T15:33:29.966251","indexId":"70005696","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2774,"text":"Molecular Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Refugial isolation and divergence in the Narrowheaded Gartersnake species complex (Thamnophis rufipunctatus) as revealed by multilocus DNA sequence data","title":"Refugial isolation and divergence in the Narrowheaded Gartersnake species complex (Thamnophis rufipunctatus) as revealed by multilocus DNA sequence data","docAbstract":"

Glacial–interglacial cycles of the Pleistocene are hypothesized as one of the foremost contributors to biological diversification. This is especially true for cold‐adapted montane species, where range shifts have had a pronounced effect on population‐level divergence. Gartersnakes of the Thamnophis rufipunctatus species complex are restricted to cold headwater streams in the highlands of the Sierra Madre Occidental and southwestern USA. We used coalescent and multilocus phylogenetic approaches to test whether genetic diversification of this montane‐restricted species complex is consistent with two prevailing models of range fluctuation for species affected by Pleistocene climate changes. Our concatenated nuDNA and multilocus species analyses recovered evidence for the persistence of multiple lineages that are restricted geographically, despite a mtDNA signature consistent with either more recent connectivity (and introgression) or recent expansion (and incomplete lineage sorting). Divergence times estimated using a relaxed molecular clock and fossil calibrations fall within the Late Pleistocene, and zero gene flow scenarios among current geographically isolated lineages could not be rejected. These results suggest that increased climate shifts in the Late Pleistocene have driven diversification and current range retraction patterns and that the differences between markers reflect the stochasticity of gene lineages (i.e. ancestral polymorphism) rather than gene flow and introgression. These results have important implications for the conservation of T. rufipunctatus (sensu novo), which is restricted to two drainage systems in the southwestern US and has undergone a recent and dramatic decline.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Malden, MA","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05211.x","usgsCitation":"Wood, D.A., Vandergast, A.G., Espinal, A.L., Fisher, R., and Holycross, A., 2011, Refugial isolation and divergence in the Narrowheaded Gartersnake species complex (Thamnophis rufipunctatus) as revealed by multilocus DNA sequence data: Molecular Ecology, v. 20, no. 18, p. 3856-3878, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05211.x.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"3856","endPage":"3878","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204336,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db63516f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, Dustin A. 0000-0002-7668-9911 dawood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7668-9911","contributorId":4179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Dustin","email":"dawood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vandergast, Amy G. 0000-0002-7835-6571","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7835-6571","contributorId":57201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vandergast","given":"Amy","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Espinal, A. Lemos","contributorId":81623,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Espinal","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Lemos","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":51675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Holycross, A.T.","contributorId":79060,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holycross","given":"A.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70005992,"text":"sir20115188 - 2011 - Groundwater conditions and studies in the Augusta–Richmond County area, Georgia, 2008–2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T12:40:09","indexId":"sir20115188","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5188","title":"Groundwater conditions and studies in the Augusta–Richmond County area, Georgia, 2008–2009","docAbstract":"Groundwater studies and monitoring efforts conducted during 2008–2009, as part of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Cooperative Water Program with the City of Augusta in Richmond County, Georgia, provided data for the effective management of local water resources. During 2008–2009 the USGS completed: (1) installation of three monitoring wells and the collection of lithologic and geophysical logging data to determine the extent of hydrogeologic units, (2) collection of continuous groundwater-level data from wells near Well Fields 2 and 3, (3) collection of synoptic groundwater-level measurements and construction of potentiometric-surface maps in Richmond County to establish flow gradients and groundwater-flow directions in the Dublin and Midville aquifer systems, (4) completion of a 24-hour aquifer test to determine hydraulic characteristics of the lower Dublin aquifer, and upper and lower Midville aquifers in Well Field 2, and (5) collection of groundwater samples from selected wells in Well Field 2 for laboratory analysis of volatile organic compounds and groundwater tracers to assess groundwater quality and estimate the time of groundwater recharge. Potentiometric-surface maps of the Dublin and Midville aquifer systems for 2008–2009 indicate that the general groundwater flow direction within Richmond County is eastward toward the Savannah River, with the exception of the area around Well Field 2, where pumping interrupts the eastward flow of water toward the Savannah River and causes flow lines to bend toward the center of pumping. Results from a 24-hour aquifer test conducted in 2009 within the upper and lower Midville aquifers at Well Field 2 indicated a transmissivity and storativity for the upper and lower Midville aquifers, combined, of 4,000 feet-squared per day and 2x10-4, respectively. The upper and lower Midville aquifers and the middle lower Midville confining unit, which is 85-feet thick in this area, yielded horizontal hydraulic conductivity and specific storage values of about 45 feet per day and 2x10-6 ft-1, respectively. Results from the 24-hour aquifer test also indicate a low horizontal hydraulic conductivity for the lower Dublin aquifer of less than 1 foot per day. Of the 35 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) analyzed in 23 groundwater samples during 2008–2009, only six were detected above laboratory reporting limits in samples from eight wells. No concentration in groundwater samples collected during 2008–2009 exceeded drinking water standards. Trichloroethene had the maximum VOC concentration (1.9 micrograms per liter) collected from a water sample during 2008–2009. Water-quality sampling of several wells near Well Field 2 indicate that, while in operation, the northernmost production well might have diverted groundwater, containing low levels of trichloroethene from at least two other production wells. Analysis of sulfur hexafluoride data indicate the average year of recharge ranges between 1981 and 1984 for water samples from five wells open to the upper and lower Midville aquifers, and 1991 for a water sample from one shallow well open to the lower Dublin aquifer. All of these ages suggest a short flow path and nearby source of contamination. The actual source of low levels of VOCs at Well Field 2 remains unknown. Three newly installed monitoring wells indicate that hydrogeologic units beneath Well Fields 2 and 3 are composed of sand and clay layers. Hydrogeologic units, encountered at Well Field 2, in order of increasing depth are the lower Dublin confining unit, lower Dublin aquifer, upper Midville confining unit, upper Midville aquifer, lower Midville confining unit, and lower Midville aquifer. West of Well Field 3, hydrogeologic units, in order of increasing depth are the Upper Three Runs aquifer, Gordon confining unit, Gordon aquifer, lower Dublin confining unit, lower Dublin aquifer, upper Midville confining unit, upper Midville aquifer, lower Midville confining unit, and lower Midville aquifer.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115188","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Augusta, Georgia","usgsCitation":"Gonthier, G., Lawrence, S.J., Peck, M., and Holloway, O.G., 2011, Groundwater conditions and studies in the Augusta–Richmond County area, Georgia, 2008–2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5188, viii, 38 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115188.","productDescription":"viii, 38 p.; Appendices","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116429,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5188.jpg"},{"id":110849,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5188/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","county":"Richmond County","city":"Augusta","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.33333333333333,33.25 ], [ -82.33333333333333,33.583333333333336 ], [ -81.83333333333333,33.583333333333336 ], [ -81.83333333333333,33.25 ], [ -82.33333333333333,33.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a95e4b07f02db659df5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gonthier, Gerard 0000-0003-4078-8579 gonthier@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4078-8579","contributorId":3141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gonthier","given":"Gerard ","email":"gonthier@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":353613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lawrence, Stephen J. slawrenc@usgs.gov","contributorId":1885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"Stephen","email":"slawrenc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peck, Michael F. mfpeck@usgs.gov","contributorId":1467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peck","given":"Michael F.","email":"mfpeck@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Holloway, O. Gary ghollowa@usgs.gov","contributorId":1860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holloway","given":"O.","email":"ghollowa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Gary","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":353611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70005986,"text":"sir20115189 - 2011 - Development of a flood-warning network and flood-inundation mapping for the Blanchard River in Ottawa, Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:43","indexId":"sir20115189","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5189","title":"Development of a flood-warning network and flood-inundation mapping for the Blanchard River in Ottawa, Ohio","docAbstract":"Digital flood-inundation maps of the Blanchard River in Ottawa, Ohio, were created by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service and the Village of Ottawa, Ohio. The maps, which correspond to water levels (stages) at the USGS streamgage at Ottawa (USGS streamgage site number 04189260), were provided to the National Weather Service (NWS) for incorporation into a Web-based flood-warning Network that can be used in conjunction with NWS flood-forecast data to show areas of predicted flood inundation associated with forecasted flood-peak stages. Flood profiles were computed by means of a step-backwater model calibrated to recent field measurements of streamflow. The step-backwater model was then used to determine water-surface-elevation profiles for 12 flood stages with corresponding streamflows ranging from less than the 2-year and up to nearly the 500-year recurrence-interval flood. The computed flood profiles were used in combination with digital elevation data to delineate flood-inundation areas. Maps of the Village of Ottawa showing flood-inundation areas overlain on digital orthophotographs are presented for the selected floods. As part of this flood-warning network, the USGS upgraded one streamgage and added two new streamgages, one on the Blanchard River and one on Riley Creek, which is tributary to the Blanchard River. The streamgage sites were equipped with both satellite and telephone telemetry. The telephone telemetry provides dual functionality, allowing village officials and the public to monitor current stage conditions and enabling the streamgage to call village officials with automated warnings regarding flood stage and/or predetermined rates of stage increase. Data from the streamgages serve as a flood warning that emergency management personnel can use in conjunction with the flood-inundation maps by to determine a course of action when flooding is imminent.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115189","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Village of Ottawa, Ohio, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service","usgsCitation":"Whitehead, M.T., 2011, Development of a flood-warning network and flood-inundation mapping for the Blanchard River in Ottawa, Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5189, iv, 8 p.; 12 Plates - Plate 1: 15 x 14.17 inches, Plate 2: 15 x 14.17 inches, Plate 3: 15 x 14.17 inches, Plate 4: 15 x 14.17 inches, Plate 5: 15 x 14.17 inches, Plate 6: 15 x 14.17 inches, Plate 7: 15 x 14.17 inches, Plate 8: 15 x 14.17 inches, Plate 9: 15 x 14.17 inches, Plate 10: 15 x 14.17 inches, Plate 11: 15 x 14.17 inches, Plate 12: 15 x 14.17 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115189.","productDescription":"iv, 8 p.; 12 Plates - Plate 1: 15 x 14.17 inches, Plate 2: 15 x 14.17 inches, Plate 3: 15 x 14.17 inches, Plate 4: 15 x 14.17 inches, Plate 5: 15 x 14.17 inches, Plate 6: 15 x 14.17 inches, Plate 7: 15 x 14.17 inches, Plate 8: 15 x 14.17 inches, Plate 9: 15 x 14.17 inches, Plate 10: 15 x 14.17 inches, Plate 11: 15 x 14.17 inches, Plate 12: 15 x 14.17 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116423,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5189.jpg"},{"id":110846,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5189/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","city":"Ottowa","otherGeospatial":"Blanchard River","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db66701a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whitehead, Matthew T. mtwhiteh@usgs.gov","contributorId":2158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitehead","given":"Matthew","email":"mtwhiteh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":353607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70005985,"text":"ofr20101240 - 2011 - Palos Verdes Shelf oceanographic study; data report for observations December 2007–April 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:12:01","indexId":"ofr20101240","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1240","title":"Palos Verdes Shelf oceanographic study; data report for observations December 2007–April 2008","docAbstract":"Beginning in 1997, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) defined a contaminated section of the Palos Verdes Shelf region in southern California as a Superfund Site, initiating a continuing investigation of this area. The investigation involved the EPA, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC), Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts (LACSD) data, and other allied agencies. In mid-2007, the Palos Verdes Shelf project team identified the need for additional data on the sediment properties and oceanographic conditions at the Palos Verdes Superfund Site and deployed seven bottom platforms, three subsurface moorings, and three surface moorings on the shelf. This additional data was needed to support ongoing modeling and feasibility studies and to improve our ability to model the fate of the effluent-affected deposit over time. It provided more detail on the spatial variability and magnitude of resuspension of the deposit during multiple storms that are expected to transit the region during a winter season. The operation began in early December 2007 and ended in early April 2008. The goal was to measure the sediment response (threshold of resuspension, suspended-sediment concentrations, and suspended-sediment transport rates) to bed stresses associated with waves and currents. Other objectives included determining the structure of the bottom boundary layer (BBL) relating nearbed currents with those measured at 10 m above bottom (mab) and comparing those with the long-term data from the LACSD Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) deployments for nearbed current speed and direction. Low-profile tripods with high-frequency ADCPs co-located with two of the large tripods were selected for this goal. This report describes the data obtained during the field program, the instruments and data-processing procedures used, and the archive that contains the data sets that have passed our quality-assurance procedures.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101240","usgsCitation":"Rosenberger, K.J., Noble, M.A., Sherwood, C.R., Martini, M., Ferreira, J., and Montgomery, E., 2011, Palos Verdes Shelf oceanographic study; data report for observations December 2007–April 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1240, v, 27 p.; Figures; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101240.","productDescription":"v, 27 p.; Figures; Appendices","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2007-12-01","temporalEnd":"2008-04-30","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116426,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1240.gif"},{"id":110845,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1240/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Palos Verdes Shelf","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.35111111111111,33.66777777777777 ], [ -118.35111111111111,33.7175 ], [ -118.28444444444445,33.7175 ], [ -118.28444444444445,33.66777777777777 ], [ -118.35111111111111,33.66777777777777 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b08e4b07f02db69b9ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenberger, Kurt J. krosenberger@usgs.gov","contributorId":2575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberger","given":"Kurt","email":"krosenberger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":353603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Noble, Marlene A. mnoble@usgs.gov","contributorId":1429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noble","given":"Marlene","email":"mnoble@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sherwood, Christopher R. 0000-0001-6135-3553 csherwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6135-3553","contributorId":2866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherwood","given":"Christopher","email":"csherwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Martini, Marinna M.","contributorId":53518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martini","given":"Marinna M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ferreira, Joanne T.","contributorId":59174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferreira","given":"Joanne T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Montgomery, Ellyn T. emontgomery@usgs.gov","contributorId":407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montgomery","given":"Ellyn T.","email":"emontgomery@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":353601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70005976,"text":"sim3131 - 2011 - Bedrock geologic map of the Seward Peninsula, Alaska, and accompanying conodont data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-07T20:59:42","indexId":"sim3131","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3131","title":"Bedrock geologic map of the Seward Peninsula, Alaska, and accompanying conodont data","docAbstract":"This 1:500,000-scale geologic map depicts the bedrock geology of Seward Peninsula, western Alaska, on the North American side of the Bering Strait. The map encompasses all of the Teller, Nome, Solomon, and Bendeleben 1:250,000-scale quadrangles, and parts of the Shishmaref, Kotzebue, Candle, and Norton Bay 1:250,000-scale quadrangles (sh. 1; sh. 2). The geologic map is presented on Sheet 1. The pamphlet includes an introductory text, detailed unit descriptions, tables of geochronologic data, and an appendix containing conodont (microfossil) data and a text explaining those data. Sheet 2 shows metamorphic and tectonic units, conodont color alteration indices, key metamorphic minerals, and locations of geochronology samples listed in the pamphlet. The map area covers 74,000 km2, an area slightly larger than West Virginia or Ireland.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3131","usgsCitation":"Till, A.B., Dumoulin, J.A., Werdon, M., and Bleick, H.A., 2011, Bedrock geologic map of the Seward Peninsula, Alaska, and accompanying conodont data: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3131, Phamplet: ii, 53p.; Appendices; 2 Sheets - Sheet 1: 51.14 x 25.69 inches, Sheet 2: 44.89 x 26.64 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3131.","productDescription":"Phamplet: ii, 53p.; Appendices; 2 Sheets - Sheet 1: 51.14 x 25.69 inches, Sheet 2: 44.89 x 26.64 inches","costCenters":[{"id":111,"text":"Alaska Mineral Resources Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116416,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3131.bmp"},{"id":110840,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3131/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"500000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator Zone 3N","datum":"1927 NAD","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Seward Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -171,64 ], [ -171,67 ], [ -160,67 ], [ -160,64 ], [ -171,64 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635e7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Till, Alison B. atill@usgs.gov","contributorId":2482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Till","given":"Alison","email":"atill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dumoulin, Julie A. 0000-0003-1754-1287 dumoulin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-1287","contributorId":203209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumoulin","given":"Julie","email":"dumoulin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Werdon, Melanie B.","contributorId":53345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werdon","given":"Melanie B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bleick, Heather A. hbleick@usgs.gov","contributorId":2484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bleick","given":"Heather","email":"hbleick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70005981,"text":"sir20115159 - 2011 - Groundwater budgets for Detrital, Hualapai, and Sacramento Valleys, Mohave County, Arizona, 2007-08","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-03T00:10:05","indexId":"sir20115159","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5159","title":"Groundwater budgets for Detrital, Hualapai, and Sacramento Valleys, Mohave County, Arizona, 2007-08","docAbstract":"The United States Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Arizona Department of Water Resources, initiated an investigation of the hydrogeology and water resources of Detrital, Hualapai, and Sacramento Valleys in northwestern Arizona in 2005, and this report is part of that investigation. Water budgets were developed for Detrital, Hualapai, and Sacramento Valleys to provide a generalized understanding of the groundwater systems in this rural area that has shown some evidence of human-induced water-level declines. The valleys are within the Basin and Range physiographic province and consist of thick sequences of permeable alluvial sediment deposited into basins bounded by relatively less permeable igneous and metamorphic rocks. Long-term natural recharge rates (1940-2008) for the alluvial aquifers were estimated to be 1,400 acre-feet per year (acre-ft/yr) for Detrital Valley, 5,700 acre-ft/yr for Hualapai Valley, and 6,000 acre-ft/yr for Sacramento Valley. Natural discharge rates were assumed to be equal to natural recharge rates, on the basis of the assumption that all groundwater withdrawals to date have obtained water from groundwater storage. Groundwater withdrawals (2007-08) for the alluvial aquifers were less than 300 acre-ft/yr for Detrital Valley, about 9,800 acre-ft/yr for Hualapai Valley, and about 4,500 acre-ft/yr for Sacramento Valley. Incidental recharge from leaking water-supply pipes, septic systems, and wastewater-treatment plants accounted for about 35 percent of total recharge (2007-08) across the study area. Natural recharge and discharge values in this study were 24-50 percent higher than values in most previously published studies. Water budgets present a spatially and temporally \"lumped\" view of water resources and incorporate many sources of uncertainty in this study area where only limited data presently are available.\nFigures 9, 10, and 11 from this report present water budgets for Detritial, Hualapai, and Sacramento Valleys in Northwestern Arizona. These figures show average values for each water-budget component. Uncertainty is discussed but not shown on these report figures. As an aid to readers, these figures have been implemented as interactive, web-based figures here. Water-budget parameters can be varied within reasonable bounds of uncertainty and the effects those changes have on the water budget will be shown as they are varied. This can aid in understanding sensitivity-which parameters most or least affect the water budgets-and also could provide a generally improved sense of the hydrologic cycle represented in these water budgets.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115159","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Arizona Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Garner, B.D., and Truini, M., 2011, Groundwater budgets for Detrital, Hualapai, and Sacramento Valleys, Mohave County, Arizona, 2007-08: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5159, viii, 34 p.; Interactive Water-Budget Figures, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115159.","productDescription":"viii, 34 p.; Interactive Water-Budget Figures","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116411,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5159.gif"},{"id":110842,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5159/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"state":"Arizona","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a95e4b07f02db659c87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garner, Bradley D. 0000-0002-6912-5093 bdgarner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6912-5093","contributorId":2133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garner","given":"Bradley","email":"bdgarner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":5054,"text":"Office of Water Information","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Truini, Margot mtruini@usgs.gov","contributorId":599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Truini","given":"Margot","email":"mtruini@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}