Advanced borehole-geophysical methods were used to investigate the hydrogeology of the crystalline bedrock in 36 boreholes on the northernmost part of New York County, New York, for the construction of a utilities tunnel beneath the Harlem River. The borehole-logging techniques were used to delineate bedrock fractures, foliation, and groundwater-flow zones in test boreholes at the site. Fracture indexes of the deep boreholes ranged from 0.65 to 0.76 per foot. Most of the fracture populations had either northwest to southwest or east to southeast dip azimuths with moderate dip angles. The mean foliation dip azimuth ranged from 100º to 124º southeast with dip angles of 52º to 60º. Groundwater appears to flow through an interconnected network of fractures that are affected by tidal variations from the nearby Harlem River and tunnel construction dewatering operations. The transmissivities of the 3 boreholes tested (USGS-1, USGS-3, and USGS-4), calculated from specific capacity data, were 2, 48, and 30 feet squared per day (ft2/d), respectively. The highest transmissivities were observed in wells north and west of the secant ring. Three borehole-radar velocity tomograms were collected. In the USGS-1 and USGS-4 velocity tomogram there are two areas of low radar velocity. The first is at the top of the tomogram and runs from 105 ft below land surface (BLS) at USGS-4 and extends to 125 ft BLS at USGS-1, the second area is centered at a depth of 150 ft BLS at USGS-1 and 135 to 150 ft BLS at USGS-4. Field measurements of specific conductance of 14 boreholes under ambient conditions at the site indicate an increase in conductivity toward the southwest part of the site (nearest the Harlem River). Specific conductance ranged from 107 microsiemens per centimeter (μS/cm) (borehole 63C) to 11,000 μS/cm (borehole 79B). The secant boreholes had the highest specific conductance.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"20th Conference on the geology of Long Island and metropolitan New York","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"20th Conference on the Geology of Long Island and Metropolitan New York","conferenceDate":"April 13, 2013","conferenceLocation":"Stony Brook, New York, United States","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Stumm, F., Chu, A., Joesten, P.K., Noll, M.L., and Como, M.D., 2013, Delineation of fractures, foliation, and groundwater-flow zones of the bedrock at the Harlem River Tunnel in northern New York County, New York, in 20th Conference on the geology of Long Island and metropolitan New York, Stony Brook, New York, United States, April 13, 2013, 12 p.","productDescription":"12 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307345,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Harlem River Tunnel","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.91962970636514,\n 40.87368620296553\n ],\n [\n -73.9184101328308,\n 40.87295613540937\n ],\n [\n -73.91099106049475,\n 40.869901291739524\n ],\n [\n -73.90847569007956,\n 40.86920960945341\n ],\n [\n -73.90677336868755,\n 40.87334038249534\n ],\n [\n -73.90621439748416,\n 40.87476207732257\n ],\n [\n -73.90629062082988,\n 40.87649112448045\n ],\n [\n -73.90662092199535,\n 40.87668323804374\n ],\n [\n -73.90710366985304,\n 40.87741326449918\n ],\n [\n -73.90796753443999,\n 40.87823933735811\n ],\n [\n -73.90875517568126,\n 40.878796450442564\n ],\n [\n -73.91035586594568,\n 40.880121976516676\n ],\n [\n -73.91063535154734,\n 40.880544602437624\n ],\n [\n -73.91142299278862,\n 40.8801796074828\n ],\n [\n -73.91236308072129,\n 40.87933434828133\n ],\n [\n -73.9140399943314,\n 40.87833539167303\n ],\n [\n -73.91536119899413,\n 40.87795117357837\n ],\n [\n -73.91607261688893,\n 40.87800880643462\n ],\n [\n -73.91663158809229,\n 40.87785511870598\n ],\n [\n -73.91785116162741,\n 40.87725957538848\n ],\n [\n -73.91787656940933,\n 40.8762797989169\n ],\n [\n -73.91919777407206,\n 40.8746852297337\n ],\n [\n -73.91962970636514,\n 40.87368620296553\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55dc402de4b0518e354d10e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stumm, Frederick 0000-0002-5388-8811 fstumm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5388-8811","contributorId":1077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stumm","given":"Frederick","email":"fstumm@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chu, Anthony 0000-0001-8623-2862 achu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8623-2862","contributorId":2517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chu","given":"Anthony","email":"achu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Joesten, Peter K. pjoesten@usgs.gov","contributorId":1929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joesten","given":"Peter","email":"pjoesten@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Noll, Michael L. 0000-0003-2050-3134 mnoll@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2050-3134","contributorId":4652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noll","given":"Michael","email":"mnoll@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Como, Michael D. 0000-0002-7911-5390 mcomo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7911-5390","contributorId":4651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Como","given":"Michael","email":"mcomo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70045385,"text":"ofr20111127 - 2013 - Construction of a 3-arcsecond digital elevation model for the Gulf of Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-22T14:13:35.002513","indexId":"ofr20111127","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1127","title":"Construction of a 3-arcsecond digital elevation model for the Gulf of Maine","docAbstract":"A system-wide description of the seafloor topography is a basic requirement for most coastal oceanographic studies. The necessary detail of the topography obviously varies with application, but for many uses, a nominal resolution of roughly 100 m is sufficient. Creating a digital bathymetric grid with this level of resolution can be a complex procedure due to a multiplicity of data sources, data coverages, datums and interpolation procedures. This report documents the procedures used to construct a 3-arcsecond (approximately 90-meter grid cell size) digital elevation model for the Gulf of Maine (71°30' to 63° W, 39°30' to 46° N). We obtained elevation and bathymetric data from a variety of American and Canadian sources, converted all data to the North American Datum of 1983 for horizontal coordinates and the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 for vertical coordinates, used a combination of automatic and manual techniques for quality control, and interpolated gaps using a surface-fitting routine.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111127","usgsCitation":"Twomey, E.R., and Signell, R.P., 2013, Construction of a 3-arcsecond digital elevation model for the Gulf of Maine: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1127, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111127.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270856,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20111127.bmp"},{"id":270854,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1127/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":270855,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1127/titlepage.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Maine","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.5,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -71.5,\n 39.5\n ],\n [\n -63,\n 39.5\n ],\n [\n -63,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -71.5,\n 46\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd52a0e4b0b290850f4a33","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Twomey, Erin R.","contributorId":44860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twomey","given":"Erin","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Signell, Richard P. rsignell@usgs.gov","contributorId":1435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Signell","given":"Richard","email":"rsignell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":477324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70045356,"text":"ofr20131069 - 2013 - Forecasting the impact of storm waves and sea-level rise on Midway Atoll and Laysan Island within the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument—a comparison of passive versus dynamic inundation models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-11T07:50:43","indexId":"ofr20131069","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1069","title":"Forecasting the impact of storm waves and sea-level rise on Midway Atoll and Laysan Island within the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument—a comparison of passive versus dynamic inundation models","docAbstract":"Two inundation events in 2011 underscored the potential for elevated water levels to damage infrastructure and affect terrestrial ecosystems on the low-lying Northwestern Hawaiian Islands in the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument. The goal of this study was to compare passive \"bathtub\" inundation models based on geographic information systems (GIS) to those that include dynamic water levels caused by wave-induced set-up and run-up for two end-member island morphologies: Midway, a classic atoll with islands on the shallow (2-8 m) atoll rim and a deep, central lagoon; and Laysan, which is characterized by a deep (20-30 m) atoll rim and an island at the center of the atoll. Vulnerability to elevated water levels was assessed using hindcast wind and wave data to drive coupled physics-based numerical wave, current, and water-level models for the atolls. The resulting model data were then used to compute run-up elevations using a parametric run-up equation under both present conditions and future sea-level-rise scenarios. In both geomorphologies, wave heights and wavelengths adjacent to the island shorelines increased more than three times and four times, respectively, with increasing values of sea-level rise, as more deep-water wave energy could propagate over the atoll rim and larger wind-driven waves could develop on the atoll. Although these increases in water depth resulted in decreased set-up along the islands’ shorelines, the larger wave heights and longer wavelengths due to sea-level rise increased the resulting wave-induced run-up. Run-up values were spatially heterogeneous and dependent on the direction of incident wave direction, bathymetry, and island configuration. Island inundation was modeled to increase substantially when wave-driven effects were included, suggesting that inundation and impacts to infrastructure and terrestrial habitats will occur at lower values of predicted sea-level rise, and thus sooner in the 21st century, than suggested by passive GIS-based \"bathtub\" inundation models. Lastly, observations and the modeling results suggest that classic atolls with islands on a shallow atoll rim are more susceptible to the combined effects of sea-level rise and wave-driven inundation than atolls characterized by a deep atoll rim.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, Virginia","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131069","usgsCitation":"Storlazzi, C., Berkowitz, P., Reynolds, M.H., and Logan, J., 2013, Forecasting the impact of storm waves and sea-level rise on Midway Atoll and Laysan Island within the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument—a comparison of passive versus dynamic inundation models: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1069, v, 78 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131069.","productDescription":"v, 78 p.","numberOfPages":"83","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270806,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131069.gif"},{"id":270794,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1069/of2013-1069.pdf"},{"id":270795,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1069/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -159.91,18.91 ], [ -159.91,22.86 ], [ -154.81,22.86 ], [ -154.81,18.91 ], [ -159.91,18.91 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5167cd59e4b0ec0efb666ee5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Storlazzi, Curt D. 0000-0001-8057-4490","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":77889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"Curt D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berkowitz, Paul pberkowitz@usgs.gov","contributorId":4642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berkowitz","given":"Paul","email":"pberkowitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":477280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reynolds, Michelle H. 0000-0001-7253-8158 mreynolds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7253-8158","contributorId":3871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Michelle","email":"mreynolds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Logan, Joshua B.","contributorId":34470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Logan","given":"Joshua B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70043927,"text":"70043927 - 2013 - A test of critical thresholds and their indicators in a desertification-prone ecosystem: more resilience than we thought","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-11T09:51:32","indexId":"70043927","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1466,"text":"Ecology Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A test of critical thresholds and their indicators in a desertification-prone ecosystem: more resilience than we thought","docAbstract":"Theoretical models predict that drylands can cross critical thresholds, but experimental manipulations to evaluate them are non-existent. We used a long-term (13-year) pulse-perturbation experiment featuring heavy grazing and shrub removal to determine if critical thresholds and their determinants can be demonstrated in Chihuahuan Desert grasslands. We asked if cover values or patch-size metrics could predict vegetation recovery, supporting their use as early-warning indicators. We found that season of grazing, but not the presence of competing shrubs, mediated the severity of grazing impacts on dominant grasses. Recovery occurred at the same rate irrespective of grazing history, suggesting that critical thresholds were not crossed, even at low cover levels. Grass cover, but not patch size metrics, predicted variation in recovery rates. Some transition-prone ecosystems are surprisingly resilient; management of grazing impacts and simple cover measurements can be used to avert undesired transitions and initiate restoration.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/ele.12045","usgsCitation":"Bestelmeyer, B.T., Duniway, M.C., James, D.K., Burkett, L.M., and Havstad, K.M., 2013, A test of critical thresholds and their indicators in a desertification-prone ecosystem: more resilience than we thought: Ecology Letters, v. 16, no. 3, p. 339-345, https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.12045.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"339","endPage":"345","ipdsId":"IP-042046","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270808,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270807,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ele.12045"}],"volume":"16","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5167cd4fe4b0ec0efb666ed5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bestelmeyer, Brandon T.","contributorId":26180,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bestelmeyer","given":"Brandon","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":6973,"text":"USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range and Jornada Basin LTER, Las Cruces, NM; New Mexico State University, Dept. of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Las Cruces, NM","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":474477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duniway, Michael C. 0000-0002-9643-2785 mduniway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9643-2785","contributorId":4212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duniway","given":"Michael","email":"mduniway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":474474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"James, Darren K.","contributorId":58166,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"James","given":"Darren","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":6973,"text":"USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range and Jornada Basin LTER, Las Cruces, NM; New Mexico State University, Dept. of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Las Cruces, NM","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":474478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burkett, Laura M.","contributorId":8355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkett","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Havstad, Kris M.","contributorId":16692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Havstad","given":"Kris","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70045373,"text":"sir20135023 - 2013 - Methods, quality assurance, and data for assessing atmospheric deposition of pesticides in the Central Valley of California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-11T15:35:47","indexId":"sir20135023","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5023","title":"Methods, quality assurance, and data for assessing atmospheric deposition of pesticides in the Central Valley of California","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey monitored atmospheric deposition of pesticides in the Central Valley of California during two studies in 2001 and 2002–04. The 2001 study sampled wet deposition (rain) and storm-drain runoff in the Modesto, California, area during the orchard dormant-spray season to examine the contribution of pesticide concentrations to storm runoff from rainfall. In the 2002–04 study, the number and extent of collection sites in the Central Valley were increased to determine the areal distribution of organophosphate insecticides and other pesticides, and also five more sample types were collected. These were dry deposition, bulk deposition, and three sample types collected from a soil box: aqueous phase in runoff, suspended sediment in runoff, and surficial-soil samples. This report provides concentration data and describes methods and quality assurance of sample collection and laboratory analysis for pesticide compounds in all samples collected from 16 sites. Each sample was analyzed for 41 currently used pesticides and 23 pesticide degradates, including oxygen analogs (oxons) of 9 organophosphate insecticides. Analytical results are presented by sample type and study period.\n\nThe median concentrations of both chloryprifos and diazinon sampled at four urban (0.067 micrograms per liter [μg/L] and 0.515 μg/L, respectively) and four agricultural sites (0.079 μg/L and 0.583 μg/L, respectively) during a January 2001 storm event in and around Modesto, Calif., were nearly identical, indicating that the overall atmospheric burden in the region appeared to be fairly similar during the sampling event. Comparisons of median concentrations in the rainfall to those in the McHenry storm-drain runoff showed that, for some compounds, rainfall contributed a substantial percentage of the concentration in the runoff; for other compounds, the concentrations in rainfall were much greater than in the runoff. For example, diazinon concentrations in rainfall were about 70 percent of the diazinon concentration in the runoff, whereas the chlorpyrifos concentration in the rain was 1.8 times greater than in the runoff. The more water-soluble pesticides—carbaryl, metolachlor, napropamide, and simazine—followed the same pattern as diazinon and had lower concentrations in rain compared to runoff. Similar to chlorpyrifos,compounds with low water solubilities and higher soil-organic carbon partition coefficients, including dacthal, pendimethalin, and trifluralin, were found to have higher concentrations in rain than in runoff water and were presumed to partition to the suspended sediments and organic matter on the ground.\n\nDuring the 2002–04 study period, the herbicide dacthal had the highest detection frequencies for all sample types collected from the Central Valley sites (67–100 percent). The most frequently detected compounds in the wet-deposition samples were dacthal, diazinon, chlorpyrifos, and simazine (greater than 90 percent). The median wet-deposition amounts for these compounds were 0.044 micrograms per square meter per day (μg/m2/day), 0.209 μg/m2/day, 0.079 μg/m2/day, and 0.172 μg/m2/day, respectively. For the dry-deposition samples, detection frequencies were greater than 73 percent for the compounds dacthal, metolachor, and chlorpyrifos, and median deposition amounts were an order of magnitude less than for wet deposition. The differences between wet deposition and dry deposition appeared to be closely related to the Henry’s Law (H) constant of each compound, although the mass deposited by dry deposition takes place over a much longer time frame.\n\nPesticides detected in rainfall usually were detected in the aqueous phase of the soil-box runoff water, and the runoff concentrations were generally similar to those in the rainfall. For compounds detected in the aqueous phase and suspended-sediment samples of soil-box runoff, concentrations of pesticides in the aqueous phase generally were detected in low concentrations and had few corresponding detections in the suspended- sediment samples. Dacthal, diazinon, chlorpyrifos, and simazine were the most frequently detected pesticides (greater than 83 percent) in the aqueous-phase samples, with median concentrations of 0.010 μg/L, 0.045 μg/L, 0.016 μg/L, and 0.077 μg/L, respectively. Simazine was the most frequently detected compound in the suspended-sediment samples (69 percent), with a median concentration of 0.232 μg/L.\n\nResults for compounds detected in the surficial-soil samples collected throughout the study period showed that there was an increase in concentration for some compounds, indicating atmospheric deposition of these compounds onto the soil-box surface. In the San Joaquin Valley, the compounds chlorpyrifos, dacthal, and iprodione were detected at higher concentrations (between 1.4 and 2 times greater) than were found in the background samples collected from the San Joaquin Valley soil-box sites. In the Sacramento Valley, the compounds chlorpyrifos, dacthal, iprodione, parathionmethyl, and its oxygen analog, paraoxon-methyl, were detected in samples collected during the study period in low concentrations, but were not detected in the background concentration of the Sacramento Valley soil mix.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135023","usgsCitation":"Zamora, C., Majewski, M.S., and Foreman, W., 2013, Methods, quality assurance, and data for assessing atmospheric deposition of pesticides in the Central Valley of California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5023, xi, 180 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135023.","productDescription":"xi, 180 p.","numberOfPages":"195","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270844,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135023.jpg"},{"id":270843,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5023/pdf/sir20135023.pdf"},{"id":270842,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5023/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Central Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.78,35.0 ], [ -122.78,40.74 ], [ -118.8,40.74 ], [ -118.8,35.0 ], [ -122.78,35.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5167cd5be4b0ec0efb666ee9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zamora, Celia 0000-0003-1456-4360 czamora@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1456-4360","contributorId":1514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zamora","given":"Celia","email":"czamora@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Majewski, Michael S. majewski@usgs.gov","contributorId":440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Majewski","given":"Michael","email":"majewski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Foreman, William T. wforeman@usgs.gov","contributorId":1473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foreman","given":"William T.","email":"wforeman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":477312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70045372,"text":"sir20135019 - 2013 - Ambient conditions and fate and transport simulations of dissolved solids, chloride, and sulfate in Beaver Lake, Arkansas, 2006--10","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-11T15:17:58","indexId":"sir20135019","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5019","title":"Ambient conditions and fate and transport simulations of dissolved solids, chloride, and sulfate in Beaver Lake, Arkansas, 2006--10","docAbstract":"Beaver Lake is a large, deep-storage reservoir located in the upper White River Basin in northwestern Arkansas, and was completed in 1963 for the purposes of flood control, hydroelectric power, and water supply. Beaver Lake is affected by point and nonpoint sources of minerals, nutrients, and sediments. The City of Fayetteville discharges about half of its sewage effluent into the White River immediately upstream from the backwater of the reservoir. The City of West Fork discharges its sewage effluent into the West Fork of the White River, and the City of Huntsville discharges its sewage effluent into a tributary of War Eagle Creek.\n\nA study was conducted to describe the ambient conditions and fate and transport of dissolved solids, chloride, and sulfate concentrations in Beaver Lake. Dissolved solids, chloride, and sulfate are components of wastewater discharged into Beaver Lake and a major concern of the drinking water utilities that use Beaver Lake as their source. A two-dimensional model of hydrodynamics and water quality was calibrated to include simulations of dissolved solids, chloride, and sulfate for the period January 2006 through December 2010. Estimated daily dissolved solids, chloride, and sulfate loads were increased in the White River and War Eagle Creek tributaries, individually and the two tributaries together, by 1.2, 1.5, 2.0, 5.0, and 10.0 times the baseline conditions to examine fate and transport of these constituents through time at seven locations (segments) in the reservoir, from upstream to downstream in Beaver Lake.\n\nFifteen dissolved solids, chloride, and sulfate fate and transport scenarios were compared to the baseline simulation at each of the seven downstream locations in the reservoir, both 2 meters (m) below the surface and 2 m above the bottom. Concentrations were greater in the reservoir at model segments closer to where the tributaries entered the reservoir. Concentrations resulting from the increase in loading became more diluted farther downstream from the source. Differences in concentrations between the baseline condition and the 1.2, 1.5, and 2.0 times baseline concentration scenarios were smaller than the differences in the 5.0 and 10.0 times baseline concentration scenarios. The results for both the 2 m below the surface and 2 m above the bottom were similar, with the exception of concentrations resulting from the increased loading factors (5.0 and 10.0 times), where concentrations 2 m above the bottom were consistently greater than those 2 m below the surface at most segments.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135019","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Fayetteville, Arkansas, and Beaver Water District","usgsCitation":"Green, W.R., 2013, Ambient conditions and fate and transport simulations of dissolved solids, chloride, and sulfate in Beaver Lake, Arkansas, 2006--10: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5019, vi, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135019.","productDescription":"vi, 50 p.","numberOfPages":"59","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2006-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270841,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135019.gif"},{"id":270839,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5019/"},{"id":270840,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5019/pdf/SIR2013-5019.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","otherGeospatial":"Beaver Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.25,35.75 ], [ -94.25,36.5 ], [ -93.25,36.5 ], [ -93.25,35.75 ], [ -94.25,35.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5167cd58e4b0ec0efb666ed9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Green, W. Reed","contributorId":87886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Reed","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70044568,"text":"70044568 - 2013 - A quantitative assessment of the conservation benefits of the Wetlands Reserve Program to amphibians","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-10T22:36:56","indexId":"70044568","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A quantitative assessment of the conservation benefits of the Wetlands Reserve Program to amphibians","docAbstract":"The Mississippi Alluvial Valley (MAV) originally consisted of nearly contiguous bottomland hardwood (BLH) forest encompassing approximately 10 million hectares. Currently, only 20–25% of the historical BLH forests remain in small patches fragmented by agricultural lands. The Wetlands Reserve Program (WRP) was established to restore and protect the functions and values of wetlands in agricultural landscapes. To assess the potential benefit of WRP restoration to amphibians, we surveyed 30 randomly selected WRP sites and 20 nearby agricultural sites in the Mississippi Delta. We made repeat visits to each site from May to August 2008 and performed both visual encounter and vocalization surveys. We analyzed the encounter history data for 11 anuran species using a Bayesian hierarchical occupancy model that estimated detection probability and probability of occurrence simultaneously for each species. Nine of the 11 species had higher probabilities of occurrence at WRP sites compared to agriculture. Derived estimates of species richness were also higher for WRP sites. Five anuran species were significantly more likely to occur in WRP than in agriculture, four of which were among the most aquatic species. It appears that the restoration of a more permanent hydrology at the WRP sites may be the primary reason for this result. Although amphibians represent only one group of wildlife species, they are useful for evaluating restoration benefits for wildlife because of their intermediate trophic position. The methods used in this study to evaluate the benefit of restoration could be used in other locations and with other groups of indicator species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Restoration Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/j.1526-100X.2012.00881.x","usgsCitation":"Waddle, J., Glorioso, B.M., and Faulkner, S.P., 2013, A quantitative assessment of the conservation benefits of the Wetlands Reserve Program to amphibians: Restoration Ecology, v. 21, no. 2, p. 200-206, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2012.00881.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"200","endPage":"206","ipdsId":"IP-029595","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":269264,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2012.00881.x"},{"id":270803,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -91.66,30.17 ], [ -91.66,35.0 ], [ -88.1,35.0 ], [ -88.1,30.17 ], [ -91.66,30.17 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"21","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-07-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51667bcfe4b0bba30b388b9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waddle, J. Hardin 0000-0003-1940-2133","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1940-2133","contributorId":89982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddle","given":"J. Hardin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glorioso, Brad M. 0000-0002-5400-7414 gloriosob@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5400-7414","contributorId":4241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glorioso","given":"Brad","email":"gloriosob@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Faulkner, Stephen P. 0000-0001-5295-1383 faulkners@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5295-1383","contributorId":374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faulkner","given":"Stephen","email":"faulkners@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":475875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70045360,"text":"sir20135052 - 2013 - Use of surrogate technologies to estimate suspended sediment in the Clearwater River, Idaho, and Snake River, Washington, 2008-10","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-10T21:52:21","indexId":"sir20135052","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5052","title":"Use of surrogate technologies to estimate suspended sediment in the Clearwater River, Idaho, and Snake River, Washington, 2008-10","docAbstract":"Elevated levels of fluvial sediment can reduce the biological productivity of aquatic systems, impair freshwater quality, decrease reservoir storage capacity, and decrease the capacity of hydraulic structures. The need to measure fluvial sediment has led to the development of sediment surrogate technologies, particularly in locations where streamflow alone is not a good estimator of sediment load because of regulated flow, load hysteresis, episodic sediment sources, and non-equilibrium sediment transport. An effective surrogate technology is low maintenance and sturdy over a range of hydrologic conditions, and measured variables can be modeled to estimate suspended-sediment concentration (SSC), load, and duration of elevated levels on a real-time basis. Among the most promising techniques is the measurement of acoustic backscatter strength using acoustic Doppler velocity meters (ADVMs) deployed in rivers. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Walla Walla District, evaluated the use of acoustic backscatter, turbidity, laser diffraction, and streamflow as surrogates for estimating real-time SSC and loads in the Clearwater and Snake Rivers, which adjoin in Lewiston, Idaho, and flow into Lower Granite Reservoir. The study was conducted from May 2008 to September 2010 and is part of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Lower Snake River Programmatic Sediment Management Plan to identify and manage sediment sources in basins draining into lower Snake River reservoirs.\n\nCommercially available acoustic instruments have shown great promise in sediment surrogate studies because they require little maintenance and measure profiles of the surrogate parameter across a sampling volume rather than at a single point. The strength of acoustic backscatter theoretically increases as more particles are suspended in the water to reflect the acoustic pulse emitted by the ADVM. ADVMs of different frequencies (0.5, 1.5, and 3 Megahertz) were tested to target various sediment grain sizes. Laser diffraction and turbidity also were tested as surrogate technologies. Models between SSC and surrogate variables were developed using ordinary least-squares regression. Acoustic backscatter using the high frequency ADVM at each site was the best predictor of sediment, explaining 93 and 92 percent of the variability in SSC and matching sediment sample data within +8.6 and +10 percent, on average, at the Clearwater River and Snake River study sites, respectively. Additional surrogate models were developed to estimate sand and fines fractions of suspended sediment based on acoustic backscatter. Acoustic backscatter generally appears to be a better estimator of suspended sediment concentration and load over short (storm event and monthly) and long (annual) time scales than transport curves derived solely from the regression of conventional sediment measurements and streamflow. Changing grain sizes, the presence of organic matter, and aggregation of sediments in the river likely introduce some variability in the model between acoustic backscatter and SSC.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135052","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Wood, M.S., and Teasdale, G.N., 2013, Use of surrogate technologies to estimate suspended sediment in the Clearwater River, Idaho, and Snake River, Washington, 2008-10: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5052, vi, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135052.","productDescription":"vi, 30 p.","numberOfPages":"40","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270796,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5052/"},{"id":270797,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5052/pdf/sir20135052.pdf"},{"id":270798,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135052.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho;Washington","otherGeospatial":"Clearwater River;Snake River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.8,42.0 ], [ -124.8,49.0 ], [ -111.0,49.0 ], [ -111.0,42.0 ], [ -124.8,42.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51667bdae4b0bba30b388bae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, Molly S. 0000-0002-5184-8306 mswood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5184-8306","contributorId":788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Molly","email":"mswood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":37786,"text":"WMA - Observing Systems Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Teasdale, Gregg N.","contributorId":77440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teasdale","given":"Gregg","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70044978,"text":"70044978 - 2013 - Avian influenza in shorebirds: experimental infection of ruddy turnstones (Arenaria interpres) with avian influenza virus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-03T14:41:36","indexId":"70044978","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1990,"text":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Avian influenza in shorebirds: experimental infection of ruddy turnstones (Arenaria interpres) with avian influenza virus","docAbstract":"Background: Low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIV) have been reported in shorebirds, especially at Delaware Bay, USA, during spring migration. However, data on patterns of virus excretion, minimal infectious doses, and clinical outcome are lacking. The ruddy turnstone (Arenaria interpres) is the shorebird species with the highest prevalence of influenza virus at Delaware Bay.\n\nObjectives: The primary objective of this study was to experimentally assess the patterns of influenza virus excretion, minimal infectious doses, and clinical outcome in ruddy turnstones.\n\nMethods: We experimentally challenged ruddy turnstones using a common LPAIV shorebird isolate, an LPAIV waterfowl isolate, or a highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus. Cloacal and oral swabs and sera were analyzed from each bird.\n\nResults: Most ruddy turnstones had pre-existing antibodies to avian influenza virus, and many were infected at the time of capture. The infectious doses for each challenge virus were similar (103·6–104·16 EID50), regardless of exposure history. All infected birds excreted similar amounts of virus and showed no clinical signs of disease or mortality. Influenza A-specific antibodies remained detectable for at least 2 months after inoculation.\n\nConclusions: These results provide a reference for interpretation of surveillance data, modeling, and predicting the risks of avian influenza transmission and movement in these important hosts.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/j.1750-2659.2012.00358.x","usgsCitation":"Hall, J.S., Krauss, S., Franson, J., TeSlaa, J.L., Nashold, S.W., Stallknecht, D.E., Webby, R., and Webster, R.G., 2013, Avian influenza in shorebirds: experimental infection of ruddy turnstones (Arenaria interpres) with avian influenza virus: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, v. 7, no. 1, p. 85-92, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-2659.2012.00358.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"92","ipdsId":"IP-029445","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473881,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-2659.2012.00358.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":270800,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270799,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-2659.2012.00358.x"}],"volume":"7","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51667bd8e4b0bba30b388ba6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, Jeffrey S. 0000-0001-5599-2826 jshall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5599-2826","contributorId":2254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jshall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":476557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krauss, Scott","contributorId":43250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krauss","given":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Franson, J. Christian 0000-0002-0251-4238","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0251-4238","contributorId":95002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franson","given":"J. Christian","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":476564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"TeSlaa, Joshua L. 0000-0001-7802-3454 jteslaa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7802-3454","contributorId":46813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"TeSlaa","given":"Joshua","email":"jteslaa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nashold, Sean W. 0000-0002-8869-6633 snashold@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8869-6633","contributorId":3611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nashold","given":"Sean","email":"snashold@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":476558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stallknecht, David E.","contributorId":20230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stallknecht","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Webby, Richard J.","contributorId":80156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webby","given":"Richard J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Webster, Robert G.","contributorId":11089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webster","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":476559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70169084,"text":"70169084 - 2013 - Characterizing the thermal suitability of instream habitat for salmonids: A cautionary example from the Rocky Mountains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-16T13:05:07","indexId":"70169084","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-09T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterizing the thermal suitability of instream habitat for salmonids: A cautionary example from the Rocky Mountains","docAbstract":"Understanding a species’ thermal niche is becoming increasingly important for management and conservation within the context of global climate change, yet there have been surprisingly few efforts to compare assessments of a species’ thermal niche across methods. To address this uncertainty, we evaluated the differences in model performance and interpretations of a species’ thermal niche when using different measures of stream temperature and surrogates for stream temperature. Specifically, we used a logistic regression modeling framework with three different indicators of stream thermal conditions (elevation, air temperature, and stream temperature) referenced to a common set of Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis distribution data from the Boise River basin, Idaho. We hypothesized that stream temperature predictions that were contemporaneous with fish distribution data would have stronger predictive performance than composite measures of stream temperature or any surrogates for stream temperature. Across the different indicators of thermal conditions, the highest measure of accuracy was found for the model based on stream temperature predictions that were contemporaneous with fish distribution data (percent correctly classified = 71%). We found considerable differences in inferences across models, with up to 43% disagreement in the amount of stream habitat that was predicted to be suitable. The differences in performance between models support the growing efforts in many areas to develop accurate stream temperature models for investigations of species’ thermal niches.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Socitey","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2013.778900","usgsCitation":"Al-Chokhachy, R.K., Wegner, S.J., Isaak, D.J., and Kershner, J.L., 2013, Characterizing the thermal suitability of instream habitat for salmonids: A cautionary example from the Rocky Mountains: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 142, no. 3, p. 793-801, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2013.778900.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"793","endPage":"801","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-033925","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318912,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Boise River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.4111328125,\n 43.24520272203356\n ],\n [\n -116.4111328125,\n 45.5679096098613\n ],\n [\n -112.91748046874999,\n 45.5679096098613\n ],\n [\n -112.91748046874999,\n 43.24520272203356\n ],\n [\n -116.4111328125,\n 43.24520272203356\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"142","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-04-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ea83abe4b0f59b85d90cd2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Al-Chokhachy, Robert K. 0000-0002-2136-5098 ral-chokhachy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2136-5098","contributorId":1674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Al-Chokhachy","given":"Robert","email":"ral-chokhachy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wegner, Seth J.","contributorId":167607,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wegner","given":"Seth","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":24776,"text":"Trout Unlimited, 322 East Front Street, Suite 401, Boise, ID","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":622834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Isaak, Daniel J.","contributorId":57202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isaak","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kershner, Jeffrey L. 0000-0002-7093-9860 jkershner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7093-9860","contributorId":310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kershner","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jkershner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70045327,"text":"sir20135029 - 2013 - Human effects on the hydrologic system of the Verde Valley, central Arizona, 1910–2005 and 2005–2110, using a regional groundwater flow model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-23T14:28:22","indexId":"sir20135029","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5029","title":"Human effects on the hydrologic system of the Verde Valley, central Arizona, 1910–2005 and 2005–2110, using a regional groundwater flow model","docAbstract":"Water budgets were developed for the Verde Valley of central Arizona in order to evaluate the degree to which human stresses have affected the hydrologic system and might affect it in the future. The Verde Valley is a portion of central Arizona wherein concerns have been raised about water availability, particularly perennial base flow of the Verde River. The Northern Arizona Regional Groundwater Flow Model (NARGFM) was used to generate the water budgets and was run in several configurations for the 1910–2005 and 2005–2110 time periods. The resultant water budgets were subtracted from one another in order to quantify the relative changes that were attributable solely to human stresses; human stresses included groundwater withdrawals and incidental and artificial recharge but did not include, for example, human effects on the global climate. Three hypothetical and varied conditions of human stresses were developed and applied to the model for the 2005–2110 period. On the basis of this analysis, human stresses during 1910–2005 were found to have already affected the hydrologic system of the Verde Valley, and human stresses will continue to affect the hydrologic system during 2005–2110. Riparian evapotranspiration decreased and underflow into the Verde Valley increased because of human stresses, and net groundwater discharge to the Verde River in the Verde Valley decreased for the 1910–2005 model runs. The model also showed that base flow at the upstream end of the study area, as of 2005, was about 4,900 acre-feet per year less than it would have been in the absence of human stresses. At the downstream end of the Verde Valley, base flow had been reduced by about 10,000 acre-feet per year by the year 2005 because of human stresses. For the 2005–2110 period, the model showed that base flow at the downstream end of the Verde Valley may decrease by an additional 5,400 to 8,600 acre-feet per year because of past, ongoing, and hypothetical future human stresses. The process known as capture (or streamflow depletion caused by the pumping of groundwater) was the reason for these human-stress-induced changes in water-budget components.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135029","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Verde River Basin Partnership and the Town of Clarkdale","usgsCitation":"Garner, B.D., Pool, D.R., Tillman, F., and Forbes, B., 2013, Human effects on the hydrologic system of the Verde Valley, central Arizona, 1910–2005 and 2005–2110, using a regional groundwater flow model: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5029, vi, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135029.","productDescription":"vi, 47 p.","numberOfPages":"56","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270718,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135029.gif"},{"id":270716,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5029/"},{"id":270717,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5029/sir2013-5029.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Verde Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.82,31.33 ], [ -114.82,37.0 ], [ -109.0,37.0 ], [ -109.0,31.33 ], [ -114.82,31.33 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f314e4b0bc0bec0a077b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garner, Bradley D. 0000-0002-6912-5093 bdgarner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6912-5093","contributorId":2133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garner","given":"Bradley","email":"bdgarner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":5054,"text":"Office of Water Information","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pool, D. R.","contributorId":75581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pool","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tillman, Fred D. 0000-0002-2922-402X ftillman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2922-402X","contributorId":1629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillman","given":"Fred D.","email":"ftillman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":477226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Forbes, Brandon T. bforbes@usgs.gov","contributorId":4625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forbes","given":"Brandon T.","email":"bforbes@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70045326,"text":"fs20133016 - 2013 - Effects of past and future groundwater development on the hydrologic system of Verde Valley, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-09T15:15:34","indexId":"fs20133016","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-3016","title":"Effects of past and future groundwater development on the hydrologic system of Verde Valley, Arizona","docAbstract":"Communities in central Arizona’s Verde Valley must manage limited water supplies in the face of rapidly growing populations. Developing groundwater resources to meet human needs has raised questions about the effects of groundwater withdrawals by pumping on the area’s rivers and streams, particularly the Verde River. U.S. Geological Survey hydrologists used a regional groundwater flow model to simulate the effects of groundwater pumping on streamflow in the Verde River. The study found that streamflow in the Verde River between 1910 and 2005 had been reduced as the result of streamflow depletion by groundwater pumping, also known as capture. Additionally, using three hypothetical scenarios for a period from 2005 to 2110, the study’s findings suggest that streamflow reductions will continue and may increase in the future.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20133016","usgsCitation":"Garner, B.D., and Pool, D.R., 2013, Effects of past and future groundwater development on the hydrologic system of Verde Valley, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2013-3016, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20133016.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270715,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20133016.gif"},{"id":270713,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3016/"},{"id":270714,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3016/fs2013-3016.pdf"}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal transverse mercator, Zone 12","country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Dry Creek;Oak Creek;Verde River;Verde Valley;West Clear Creek;Wet Beaver Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.081146,34.565383 ], [ -112.081146,35.145740 ], [ -111.277771,35.145740 ], [ -111.277771,34.565383 ], [ -112.081146,34.565383 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51652a5ee4b077fa94dadf47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garner, Bradley D. 0000-0002-6912-5093 bdgarner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6912-5093","contributorId":2133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garner","given":"Bradley","email":"bdgarner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":5054,"text":"Office of Water Information","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pool, D. R.","contributorId":75581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pool","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70045305,"text":"ofr20131012 - 2013 - Simplified stratigraphic cross sections of the Eocene Green River Formation in the Piceance Basin, northwestern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-09T09:45:33","indexId":"ofr20131012","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1012","title":"Simplified stratigraphic cross sections of the Eocene Green River Formation in the Piceance Basin, northwestern Colorado","docAbstract":"Thirteen stratigraphic cross sections of the Eocene Green River Formation in the Piceance Basin of northwestern Colorado are presented in this report. Originally published in a much larger and more detailed form by Self and others (2010), they are shown here in simplified, page-size versions that are easily accessed and used for presentation purposes. Modifications to the original versions include the elimination of the detailed lithologic columns and oil-yield histograms from Fischer assay data and the addition of ground-surface lines to give the depth of the various oil shale units shown on the cross section.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131012","usgsCitation":"Dietrich, J.D., and Johnson, R.C., 2013, Simplified stratigraphic cross sections of the Eocene Green River Formation in the Piceance Basin, northwestern Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1012, iii, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131012.","productDescription":"iii, 20 p.","numberOfPages":"23","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270682,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131012.gif"},{"id":270680,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1012/"},{"id":270681,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1012/OF13-1012.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Piceance Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.0,37.0 ], [ -109.0,41.0 ], [ -102.0,41.0 ], [ -102.0,37.0 ], [ -109.0,37.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51652a5fe4b077fa94dadf53","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dietrich, John D.","contributorId":53841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dietrich","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Ronald C. 0000-0002-6197-5165 rcjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6197-5165","contributorId":1550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Ronald","email":"rcjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70044142,"text":"70044142 - 2013 - Assessment of spectral band impact on intercalibration over desert sites using simulation based on EO-1 Hyperion data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-09T13:47:15","indexId":"70044142","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1944,"text":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of spectral band impact on intercalibration over desert sites using simulation based on EO-1 Hyperion data","docAbstract":"Since the beginning of the 1990s, stable desert sites have been used for the calibration monitoring of many different sensors. Many attempts at sensor intercalibration have been also conducted using these stable desert sites. As a result, site characterization techniques and the quality of intercalibration techniques have gradually improved over the years. More recently, the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites has recommended a list of reference pseudo-invariant calibration sites for frequent image acquisition by multiple agencies. In general, intercalibration should use well-known or spectrally flat reference. The reflectance profile of desert sites, however, might not be flat or well characterized (from a fine spectral point of view). The aim of this paper is to assess the expected accuracy that can be reached when using desert sites for intercalibration. In order to have a well-mastered estimation of different errors or error sources, this study is performed with simulated data from a hyperspectral sensor. Earth Observing-1 Hyperion images are chosen to provide the simulation input data. Two different cases of intercalibration are considered, namely, Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus with Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Environmental Satellite MEdium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) with Aqua MODIS. The simulation results have confirmed that intercalibration accuracy of 1% to 2% can be achieved between sensors, provided there are a sufficient number of available measurements. The simulated intercalibrations allow explaining results obtained during real intercalibration exercises and to establish some recommendations for the use of desert sites for intercalibration.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1109/TGRS.2012.2228210","usgsCitation":"Henry, P., Chander, G., Fougnie, B., Thomas, C., and Xiong, X., 2013, Assessment of spectral band impact on intercalibration over desert sites using simulation based on EO-1 Hyperion data: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, v. 51, no. 3, p. 1297-1308, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2012.2228210.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1297","endPage":"1308","ipdsId":"IP-040537","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270700,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2012.2228210"},{"id":270701,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51652a52e4b077fa94dadf3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henry, P.","contributorId":91599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henry","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chander, G.","contributorId":51449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chander","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fougnie, B.","contributorId":12346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fougnie","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thomas, C.","contributorId":7443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Xiong, Xiaoxiong","contributorId":15088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xiong","given":"Xiaoxiong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70044140,"text":"70044140 - 2013 - Absolute radiometric calibration of Landsat using a pseudo invariant calibration site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-06T20:43:45","indexId":"70044140","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1944,"text":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Absolute radiometric calibration of Landsat using a pseudo invariant calibration site","docAbstract":"Pseudo invariant calibration sites (PICS) have been used for on-orbit radiometric trending of optical satellite systems for more than 15 years. This approach to vicarious calibration has demonstrated a high degree of reliability and repeatability at the level of 1-3% depending on the site, spectral channel, and imaging geometries. A variety of sensors have used this approach for trending because it is broadly applicable and easy to implement. Models to describe the surface reflectance properties, as well as the intervening atmosphere have also been developed to improve the precision of the method. However, one limiting factor of using PICS is that an absolute calibration capability has not yet been fully developed. Because of this, PICS are primarily limited to providing only long term trending information for individual sensors or cross-calibration opportunities between two sensors. This paper builds an argument that PICS can be used more extensively for absolute calibration. To illustrate this, a simple empirical model is developed for the well-known Libya 4 PICS based on observations by Terra MODIS and EO-1 Hyperion. The model is validated by comparing model predicted top-of-atmosphere reflectance values to actual measurements made by the Landsat ETM+ sensor reflective bands. Following this, an outline is presented to develop a more comprehensive and accurate PICS absolute calibration model that can be Système international d'unités (SI) traceable. These initial concepts suggest that absolute calibration using PICS is possible on a broad scale and can lead to improved on-orbit calibration capabilities for optical satellite sensors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1109/TGRS.2013.2243738","usgsCitation":"Helder, D., Thome, K.J., Mishra, N., Chander, G., Xiong, X., Angal, A., and Choi, T., 2013, Absolute radiometric calibration of Landsat using a pseudo invariant calibration site: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, v. 51, no. 3, p. 1360-1369, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2013.2243738.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1360","endPage":"1369","ipdsId":"IP-040531","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270617,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270616,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2013.2243738"}],"volume":"51","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"516135d6e4b022d43fdfaa19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Helder, D. 0000-0002-7379-4679","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7379-4679","contributorId":15490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helder","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thome, K. J.","contributorId":88099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thome","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mishra, N.","contributorId":67379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mishra","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chander, G.","contributorId":51449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chander","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Xiong, Xiaoxiong","contributorId":15088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xiong","given":"Xiaoxiong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Angal, A.","contributorId":52716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angal","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Choi, Tae-young","contributorId":89036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choi","given":"Tae-young","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70045266,"text":"sir20125229 - 2013 - The development and application of a decision support system for land management in the Lake Tahoe Basin—The Land Use Simulation Model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-05T10:25:18","indexId":"sir20125229","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5229","title":"The development and application of a decision support system for land management in the Lake Tahoe Basin—The Land Use Simulation Model","docAbstract":"This report describes and applies the Land Use Simulation Model (LUSM), the final modeling product for the long-term decision support project funded by the Southern Nevada Public Land Management Act and developed by the U.S. Geological Survey’s Western Geographic Science Center for the Lake Tahoe Basin. Within the context of the natural-resource management and anthropogenic issues of the basin and in an effort to advance land-use and land-cover change science, this report addresses the problem of developing the LUSM as a decision support system. It includes consideration of land-use modeling theory, fire modeling and disturbance in the wildland-urban interface, historical land-use change and its relation to active land management, hydrologic modeling and the impact of urbanization as related to the Lahontan Regional Water Quality Control Board’s recently developed Total Maximum Daily Load report for the basin, and biodiversity in urbanizing areas. The LUSM strives to inform land-management decisions in a complex regulatory environment by simulating parcel-based, land-use transitions with a stochastic, spatially constrained, agent-based model. The tool is intended to be useful for multiple purposes, including the multiagency Pathway 2007 regional planning effort, the Tahoe Regional Planning Agency (TRPA) Regional Plan Update, and complementary research endeavors and natural-resource-management efforts. The LUSM is an Internet-based, scenario-generation decision support tool for allocating retired and developed parcels over the next 20 years. Because USGS staff worked closely with TRPA staff and their “Code of Ordinances” and analyzed datasets of historical management and land-use practices, this report accomplishes the task of providing reasonable default values for a baseline scenario that can be used in the LUSM. One result from the baseline scenario for the model suggests that all vacant parcels could be allocated within 12 years. Results also include: assessment of model functionality, brief descriptions of the 7 basic output tables, assessment of the rate of change in land-use allocation pools over time, locations and amounts of the spatially explicit probabilities of land-use transitions by real estate commodity, and analysis of the state change from today’s existing land cover to potential land uses in the future. Assumptions and limitations of the model are presented. This report concludes with suggested next steps to support the continued utility of the LUSM and additional research avenues.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125229","usgsCitation":"Forney, W.M., Oldham, I.B., and Crescenti, N., 2013, The development and application of a decision support system for land management in the Lake Tahoe Basin—The Land Use Simulation Model: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5229, vi, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125229.","productDescription":"vi, 54 p.","numberOfPages":"62","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270599,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20125229.gif"},{"id":270597,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5229/"},{"id":270598,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5229/sir2012-5229.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Lake Tahoe Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.25,38.66 ], [ -120.25,39.33 ], [ -119.83,39.33 ], [ -119.83,38.66 ], [ -120.25,38.66 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"515fe728e4b03707eea09d01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Forney, William M.","contributorId":43490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forney","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oldham, I. Benson","contributorId":101377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oldham","given":"I.","email":"","middleInitial":"Benson","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crescenti, Neil","contributorId":86239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crescenti","given":"Neil","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70045263,"text":"ofr20131045 - 2013 - Soil data from fire and permafrost-thaw chronosequences in upland Picea mariana stands near Hess Creek and Tok, interior Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-04T17:50:50","indexId":"ofr20131045","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1045","title":"Soil data from fire and permafrost-thaw chronosequences in upland Picea mariana stands near Hess Creek and Tok, interior Alaska","docAbstract":"Soils of the Northern Circumpolar Permafrost region harbor 1,672 petagrams (Pg) (1 Pg = 1,000,000,000 kilograms) of organic carbon (OC), nearly 50 percent of the global belowground OC pool (Tarnocai and others, 2009). Of that soil OC, nearly 88 percent is presently stored in perennially frozen ground. Recent climate warming at northern latitudes has resulted in warming and thawing of permafrost in many regions (Osterkamp, 2007), which might mobilize OC stocks from associated soil reservoirs via decomposition, leaching, or erosion. Warming also has increased the magnitude and severity of wildfires in the boreal region (Turetsky and others, 2011), which might exacerbate rates of permafrost degradation relative to warming alone. Given the size and vulnerability of the soil OC pool in permafrost soils, permafrost thaw will likely function as a strong positive feedback to the climate system (Koven and others, 2011; Schaefer and others, 2011).\n\nIn this report, we report soil OC inventories from two upland fire chronosequences located near Hess Creek and Tok in Interior Alaska. We sampled organic and mineral soils in the top 2 meters (m) across a range of stand ages to evaluate the effects of wildfire and permafrost thaw on soil C dynamics. These data were used to parameterize a simple process-based fire-permafrost-carbon model, which is described in detail by O’Donnell and others (2011a, b). Model simulations examine long-term changes in soil OC storage in response to fire, permafrost thaw, and climate change. These data also have been used in other papers, including Harden and others (2012), which examines C recovery post-fire, and Johnson and others (2011), which synthesizes data within the Alaska Soil Carbon Database. Findings from these studies highlight the importance of climate and disturbance (wildfire, permafrost thaw) on soil C storage, and loss of soil C from high-latitude ecosystems.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131045","usgsCitation":"O’Donnell, J.A., Harden, J.W., Manies, K.L., Jorgenson, M., Kanevskiy, M., and Xu, X., 2013, Soil data from fire and permafrost-thaw chronosequences in upland Picea mariana stands near Hess Creek and Tok, interior Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1045, iii, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131045.","productDescription":"iii, 16 p.","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":555,"text":"Soil Biogeochemistry Group","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270592,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131045.gif"},{"id":270591,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1045/data"},{"id":270589,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1045/"},{"id":270590,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1045/of2013-1045_text.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Hess Creek;Tok","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.5,51.2 ], [ 172.5,71.4 ], [ -130.0,71.4 ], [ -130.0,51.2 ], [ 172.5,51.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"515e92f7e4b088aa2258092a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Donnell, Jonathan A.","contributorId":84138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Donnell","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harden, Jennifer W. 0000-0002-6570-8259 jharden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":1971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"Jennifer","email":"jharden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Manies, Kristen L. 0000-0003-4941-9657 kmanies@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4941-9657","contributorId":2136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manies","given":"Kristen","email":"kmanies@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jorgenson, M. Torre","contributorId":40486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jorgenson","given":"M. Torre","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kanevskiy, Mikhail","contributorId":60511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kanevskiy","given":"Mikhail","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Xu, Xiaomei","contributorId":32055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"Xiaomei","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70045255,"text":"70045255 - 2013 - Grazing effects on aboveground primary production and root biomass of early-seral, mid-seral, and undisturbed semiarid grassland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-04T13:45:36","indexId":"70045255","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2183,"text":"Journal of Arid Environments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Grazing effects on aboveground primary production and root biomass of early-seral, mid-seral, and undisturbed semiarid grassland","docAbstract":"Annual/perennial and tall/short plant species differentially dominate early to late successional shortgrass steppe communities. Plant species can have different ratios of above-/below-ground biomass distributions and this can be modified by precipitation and grazing. We compared grazing effects on aboveground production and root biomass in early- and mid-seral fields and undisturbed shortgrass steppe. Production averaged across four years and grazed and ungrazed treatments were 246, 134, and 102 g m−2 yr−1 for the early-, mid-seral, and native sites, respectively, while root biomass averaged 358, 560, and 981 g m−2, respectively. Early- and mid-seral communities provided complimentary forage supplies but at the cost of root biomass. Grazing increased, decreased, or had no effect on aboveground production in early-, mid-seral, and native communities, and had no effect on roots in any. Grazing had some negative effects on early spring forage species, but not in the annual dominated early-seral community. Dominant species increased with grazing in native communities with a long evolutionary history of grazing by large herbivores, but had no effects on the same species in mid-seral communities. Effects of grazing in native communities in a region cannot necessarily be used to predict effects at other seral stages.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Arid Environments","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2013.01.012","usgsCitation":"Milchunas, D., and Vandever, M., 2013, Grazing effects on aboveground primary production and root biomass of early-seral, mid-seral, and undisturbed semiarid grassland: Journal of Arid Environments, v. 92, p. 81-88, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2013.01.012.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"88","ipdsId":"IP-044874","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270580,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270579,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2013.01.012"}],"volume":"92","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"515e92f5e4b088aa2258091e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milchunas, D.G.","contributorId":75778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milchunas","given":"D.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vandever, M.W.","contributorId":100329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vandever","given":"M.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70045251,"text":"70045251 - 2013 - Grazing effects on plant community succession of early- and mid-seral seeded grassland compared to shortgrass steppe","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-16T09:24:27","indexId":"70045251","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2490,"text":"Journal of Vegetation Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Grazing effects on plant community succession of early- and mid-seral seeded grassland compared to shortgrass steppe","docAbstract":"Questions: Grazing may speed or slow secondary succession, and the direction may depend on seral stage and relative tolerance of native perennial grasses compared with annual invasive species. How does grazing affect succession where undisturbed communities have a long evolutionary history of grazing by native herbivores and are tolerant to livestock grazing?\nLocation: Shortgrass steppe, North American Great Plains, Colorado (40°49′N, 104°46′W), USA.\nMethods: Ungrazed and grazed early-seral (4–6 yr) and mid-seral (18–20 yr) seeded fields (Conservation Reserve Program) and traditionally grazed native steppe were compared for effects on plant composition in relation to changes expected from regional succession models.\nResults: Recovery towards undisturbed native shortgrass steppe for early- and mid-seral communities, respectively, was 19% and 36% for total vegetation cover, 5% and 21% for planted native species, 10% and 88% for non-planted native perennial grasses, only 0.2% and 13% for short grasses, and overall dissimilarity in community species compositions was 97% and 68%. In general, grazing effects were neutral or most often not significant in all years and/or were small in overall community magnitude. The early-seral community displayed more changes indicative of a slowing of succession with grazing (total vegetative and grass basal cover) rather than reducing invasive species (species targeted by timing of grazing), although drought had limited the establishment of grazing-tolerant short grasses. The mid-seral community showed more changes consistent with advancing successional recovery with grazing (overall community dissimilarity, forbs, planted native perennial grasses, tall grasses and target species). However, non-planted native perennial grasses responded negatively to grazing in the mid-seral community and positively in native shortgrass steppe where outside seed would originate.\nConclusions: Grazing effects on particular functional groups and species were not the same across seral stages, were mixed in terms of speeding or slowing succession, and were generally not large at the community level. Evolutionary history of grazing may serve as a general guide but decisions on whether to graze successional grasslands may best be made after assessing whether tolerant perennial short grass species are significant components. Monitoring may then be necessary to determine species responses in particular community matrixes and effects on subsequent immigration of non-seeded native perennial species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Vegetation Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/jvs.12049","usgsCitation":"Milchunas, D.G., and Vandever, M., 2013, Grazing effects on plant community succession of early- and mid-seral seeded grassland compared to shortgrass steppe: Journal of Vegetation Science, v. 25, no. 1, p. 22-35, https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.12049.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"22","endPage":"35","numberOfPages":"14","ipdsId":"IP-044876","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270578,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270577,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jvs.12049"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.46,40.49 ], [ -104.46,40.49 ], [ -104.46,40.49 ], [ -104.46,40.49 ], [ -104.46,40.49 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"25","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-01-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"515e92f6e4b088aa22580922","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milchunas, Daniel G.","contributorId":74263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milchunas","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vandever, Mark W.","contributorId":59870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vandever","given":"Mark W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70045242,"text":"70045242 - 2013 - The effects of juvenile American shad planktivory on zooplankton production in Columbia River food webs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-04T15:32:18","indexId":"70045242","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effects of juvenile American shad planktivory on zooplankton production in Columbia River food webs","docAbstract":"Columbia River reservoirs support a large population of nonnative American Shad Alosa sapidissima that consume the zooplankton that native fishes also rely on. We hypothesized that the unprecedented biomass of juvenile American Shad in John Day Reservoir is capable of altering the zooplankton community if these fish consume a large portion of the zooplankton production. We derived taxon-specific estimates of zooplankton production using field data and a production model from the literature. Empirical daily ration was estimated for American Shad and expanded to population-level consumption using abundance and biomass data from hydroacoustic surveys. Daphnia spp. production was high in early summer but declined to near zero by September as shad abundance increased. American Shad sequentially consumed Daphnia spp., copepods, and Bosmina spp., which tracked the production trends of these taxa. American Shad evacuation rates ranged from 0.09 to 0.24/h, and daily rations ranged from 0.008 to 0.045 g·g−1·d−1 (dry weight) over all years. We observed peak American Shad biomass (45.2 kg/ha) in 1994, and daily consumption (1.6 kg/ha) approached 30% (5.3 kg/ha) of zooplankton production. On average, American Shad consumed 23.6% of the available zooplankton production (range, <1–83%). The changes in the zooplankton community are consistent with a top-down effect of planktivory by American Shad associated with their unprecedented biomass and consumption, but the effects are likely constrained by temperature, nutrient flux, and the seasonal production patterns of zooplankton in John Day Reservoir. American Shad add to the planktivory exerted by other species like Neomysis mercedis to reduce the capacity of the reservoir to support other planktivorous fishes. The introduction of American Shad and other nonnative species will continue to alter the food web in John Day Reservoir, potentially affecting native fishes, including Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2012.728164","usgsCitation":"Haskell, C.A., Tiffan, K.F., and Rondorf, D.W., 2013, The effects of juvenile American shad planktivory on zooplankton production in Columbia River food webs: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 142, no. 3, p. 606-620, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2012.728164.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"606","endPage":"620","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-036417","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270553,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.0,45.37 ], [ -124.0,55.0 ], [ -112.8,55.0 ], [ -112.8,45.37 ], [ -124.0,45.37 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"142","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-03-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"515d4162e4b0803bd2eec503","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haskell, Craig A. 0000-0002-3604-1758 chaskell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3604-1758","contributorId":3458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haskell","given":"Craig","email":"chaskell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tiffan, Kenneth F. 0000-0002-5831-2846 ktiffan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5831-2846","contributorId":3200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiffan","given":"Kenneth","email":"ktiffan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rondorf, Dennis W. drondorf@usgs.gov","contributorId":2970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rondorf","given":"Dennis","email":"drondorf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70045208,"text":"70045208 - 2013 - Using the KINEROS2 modeling framework to evaluate the increase in storm runoff from residential development in a semi-arid environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-20T13:43:30","indexId":"70045208","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2341,"text":"Journal of Hydrologic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using the KINEROS2 modeling framework to evaluate the increase in storm runoff from residential development in a semi-arid environment","docAbstract":"The increase in runoff from urbanization is well known; one extreme example comes from a 13 hectare residential neighborhood in southeast Arizona where runoff was 27 times greater than an adjacent grassland watershed over a forty‐month period from 2005 to 2008. Rainfall‐runoff modeling using the newly‐described KINEROS2 urban element and tension infiltrometer measurements indicate that 17±14 percent of this increase in runoff is due to a 53 percent decrease in the saturated hydraulic conductivity of constructed pervious areas, as compared to the undeveloped grassland. Directly connected impervious areas, primarily streets and driveways, cause 56 percent of the increase in runoff, and indirectly connected impervious areas, primarily rooftops and sidewalks, and a decrease in canopy interception account for the remaining 27 percent increase. Tension infiltrometer measurements show that saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) is about double in the grassland watershed than in the urban watershed, 6.2 ± 3.5mm/hr and 2.9 ± 1.6mm/hr, respectively. Ks in the urban watershed identified from calibrating the rainfall‐runoff model to measured runoff is 9.5 ± 2.8 mm/hr—higher than what was measured but much lower than the 26 mm/hr value indicated by a soil‐texture based KINEROS2 parameter look‐up table. A new component of the KINEROS2 modeling framework, the urban element, forms the basis for the model by simulating a contiguous row of houses and the adjoining street as a series of pervious and impervious overland flow planes. Tests using different levels of discretization found that watershed geometry can be represented in a simplified manner, although more detailed discretization led to better model performance.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrologic Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000655","usgsCitation":"Kennedy, J.R., Goodrich, D.C., and Unkrich, C.L., 2013, Using the KINEROS2 modeling framework to evaluate the increase in storm runoff from residential development in a semi-arid environment: Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, v. 18, no. 6, p. 698-706, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000655.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"698","endPage":"706","numberOfPages":"9","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-032532","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270497,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270494,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000655"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","county":"Cochise","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110.46,31.33 ], [ -110.46,32.43 ], [ -109.0,32.43 ], [ -109.0,31.33 ], [ -110.46,31.33 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"18","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"515befe0e4b075500ee5ca12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kennedy, Jeffrey R. 0000-0002-3365-6589 jkennedy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3365-6589","contributorId":2172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jkennedy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":477024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goodrich, David C.","contributorId":65552,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goodrich","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6758,"text":"USDA-ARS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":477025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Unkrich, Carl L.","contributorId":73479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Unkrich","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70042040,"text":"70042040 - 2013 - The impact of medium architecture of alluvial settings on non-Fickian transport","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-07T15:18:47","indexId":"70042040","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-01T15:13:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":664,"text":"Advances in Water Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The impact of medium architecture of alluvial settings on non-Fickian transport","docAbstract":"The influence of heterogeneous architecture of alluvial aquifers on non-Fickian transport is explored using the Monte Carlo approach. More than two thousand high-resolution hydrofacies models representing seven groups of alluvial settings are built to test the effects of varying facies proportions, mean length and its anisotropy ratio, juxtapositional tendencies, and sub-facies heterogeneity. Results show that the volumetric fraction (P(Z)) of floodplain layers classified by their thicknesses Z controls the non-Fickian tailing of tracer transport at late times. A simple quantitative relationship SBTC≈SP(Z)/2-1 is built based on a multi-rate mass transfer analysis, where SBTC is the slope of the power-law portion of tracer breakthrough curve, and SP(Z) denotes the slope of the power-law portion of the distribution of P(Z) which can be measured, e.g., in core logs. At early times, the mean length of hydrofacies affects the non-Fickian tailing by controlling the channeling of flow in high-permeability non-floodplain materials and the sequestration in surrounding low-permeability floodplain layers. The competition between channeling and sequestration generates complex pre-asymptotic features, including sublinear growth of plume mean displacement, superlinear growth of plume variance, and skewed mass distribution. Those observations of the influence of medium heterogeneity on tracer transport at early and late times may lead to development of nonlocal transport models that can be parameterized using measurable aquifer characteristics.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Advances in Water Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2013.01.004","usgsCitation":"Zhang, Y., Green, C.T., and Fogg, G., 2013, The impact of medium architecture of alluvial settings on non-Fickian transport: Advances in Water Resources, v. 54, p. 78-99, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2013.01.004.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"78","endPage":"99","numberOfPages":"22","ipdsId":"IP-042821","costCenters":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278945,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278944,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2013.01.004"}],"volume":"54","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"527cc495e4b0850ea050cec0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, Yong","contributorId":19029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Yong","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Green, Christopher T. 0000-0002-6480-8194 ctgreen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6480-8194","contributorId":1343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Christopher","email":"ctgreen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fogg, Graham E.","contributorId":68779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fogg","given":"Graham E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70048376,"text":"70048376 - 2013 - Influence of drought on salamander occupancy of isolated wetlands on the southeastern Coastal Plain of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-24T15:12:30","indexId":"70048376","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-01T15:07:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of drought on salamander occupancy of isolated wetlands on the southeastern Coastal Plain of the United States","docAbstract":"In the southeastern U.S., changes in temperature and precipitation over the last three decades have been the most dramatic in winter and spring seasons. Continuation of these trends could negatively impact pond-breeding amphibians, especially those that rely on winter and spring rains to fill seasonal wetlands, trigger breeding, and ensure reproductive success. From 2009 to 2012, we monitored Spring and Fall presence of aquatic stages (larval and paedomorphic, gilled adult) of a winter-breeding amphibian (the mole salamander, Ambystoma talpoideum) and used multi-season models to estimate occupancy, local colonization and extinction. Seasonal estimates of occupancy, corrected for imperfect detection, declined from 22.3 % of ponds in Spring 2009 to 9.9 % in Fall 2012. Our best supported model suggested that changes in occupancy were driven by increased rates of extinction that corresponded with drought-related drying of ponds. Based on uncertainty in climate change projections for the Southeast, we present a conceptual model of predicted changes in wetland hydroperiods across a landscape with projected decreases and increases in future precipitation. Such precipitation changes could alter wetland hydroperiods, facilitate extinctions of species adapted to short, intermediate or long hydroperiod environments and, ultimately, modify the composition of amphibian communities within freshwater wetland ecosystems.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s13157-013-0391-3","usgsCitation":"Walls, S., Barichivich, W.J., Brown, M.E., Scott, D., and Hossack, B.R., 2013, Influence of drought on salamander occupancy of isolated wetlands on the southeastern Coastal Plain of the United States: Wetlands, v. 33, no. 2, p. 345-354, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-013-0391-3.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"345","endPage":"354","numberOfPages":"10","temporalStart":"2009-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-039225","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278048,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278047,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13157-013-0391-3"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84.50407,29.968825 ], [ -84.50407,30.175794 ], [ -84.005432,30.175794 ], [ -84.005432,29.968825 ], [ -84.50407,29.968825 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"33","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-03-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5242b465e4b096ee624641f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walls, Susan C. 0000-0001-7391-9155","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7391-9155","contributorId":52284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walls","given":"Susan C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barichivich, William J. 0000-0003-1103-6861 wbarichivich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1103-6861","contributorId":3697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barichivich","given":"William","email":"wbarichivich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Mary E. 0000-0002-5580-137X mbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5580-137X","contributorId":5688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Mary","email":"mbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Scott, David E.","contributorId":15923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"David E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hossack, Blake R. 0000-0001-7456-9564 blake_hossack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7456-9564","contributorId":1177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hossack","given":"Blake","email":"blake_hossack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70098949,"text":"70098949 - 2013 - Selection of hyperspectral narrowbands (HNBs) and composition of hyperspectral twoband vegetation indices (HVIs) for biophysical characterization and discrimination of crop types using field reflectance and Hyperion/EO-1 data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-13T14:53:37","indexId":"70098949","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-01T14:42:31","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1942,"text":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selection of hyperspectral narrowbands (HNBs) and composition of hyperspectral twoband vegetation indices (HVIs) for biophysical characterization and discrimination of crop types using field reflectance and Hyperion/EO-1 data","docAbstract":"The overarching goal of this study was to establish optimal hyperspectral vegetation indices (HVIs) and hyperspectral narrowbands (HNBs) that best characterize, classify, model, and map the world's main agricultural crops. The primary objectives were: (1) crop biophysical modeling through HNBs and HVIs, (2) accuracy assessment of crop type discrimination using Wilks' Lambda through a discriminant model, and (3) meta-analysis to select optimal HNBs and HVIs for applications related to agriculture. The study was conducted using two Earth Observing One (EO-1) Hyperion scenes and other surface hyperspectral data for the eight leading worldwide crops (wheat, corn, rice, barley, soybeans, pulses, cotton, and alfalfa) that occupy ~70% of all cropland areas globally. This study integrated data collected from multiple study areas in various agroecosystems of Africa, the Middle East, Central Asia, and India. Data were collected for the eight crop types in six distinct growth stages. These included (a) field spectroradiometer measurements (350-2500 nm) sampled at 1-nm discrete bandwidths, and (b) field biophysical variables (e.g., biomass, leaf area index) acquired to correspond with spectroradiometer measurements. The eight crops were described and classified using ~20 HNBs. The accuracy of classifying these 8 crops using HNBs was around 95%, which was ~ 25% better than the multi-spectral results possible from Landsat-7's Enhanced Thematic Mapper+ or EO-1's Advanced Land Imager. Further, based on this research and meta-analysis involving over 100 papers, the study established 33 optimal HNBs and an equal number of specific two-band normalized difference HVIs to best model and study specific biophysical and biochemical quantities of major agricultural crops of the world. Redundant bands identified in this study will help overcome the Hughes Phenomenon (or “the curse of high dimensionality”) in hyperspectral data for a particular application (e.g., biophysi- al characterization of crops). The findings of this study will make a significant contribution to future hyperspectral missions such as NASA's HyspIRI.","language":"English","publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1109/JSTARS.2013.2252601","usgsCitation":"Thenkabail, P., Mariotto, I., Gumma, M., Middleton, E., Landis, D., and Huemmrich, K., 2013, Selection of hyperspectral narrowbands (HNBs) and composition of hyperspectral twoband vegetation indices (HVIs) for biophysical characterization and discrimination of crop types using field reflectance and Hyperion/EO-1 data: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, v. 6, no. 2, p. 427-439, https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2013.2252601.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"427","endPage":"439","numberOfPages":"13","ipdsId":"IP-037139","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":29789,"text":"John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473885,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11603/31506","text":"External Repository"},{"id":284275,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":284273,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2013.2252601"}],"country":"India","otherGeospatial":"Africa;Central Asia;Middle East","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -32.7,-40.6 ], [ -32.7,46.9 ], [ 100.0,46.9 ], [ 100.0,-40.6 ], [ -32.7,-40.6 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"6","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7255e4b0b29085108408","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thenkabail, P.S.","contributorId":66071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thenkabail","given":"P.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mariotto, I.","contributorId":47285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mariotto","given":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gumma, M.K.","contributorId":12286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gumma","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Middleton, E.M.","contributorId":107656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Landis, D.R.","contributorId":25454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landis","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Huemmrich, K.F.","contributorId":105632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huemmrich","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70059944,"text":"70059944 - 2013 - Vegetation greenness trend (2000 to 2009) and the climate controls in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-06T14:03:33","indexId":"70059944","displayToPublicDate":"2013-04-01T13:55:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2172,"text":"Journal of Applied Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vegetation greenness trend (2000 to 2009) and the climate controls in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau","docAbstract":"The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau has been experiencing a distinct warming trend, and climate warming has a direct and quick impact on the alpine grassland ecosystem. We detected the greenness trend of the grasslands in the plateau using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer data from 2000 to 2009. Weather station data were used to explore the climatic drivers for vegetation greenness variations. The results demonstrated that the region-wide averaged normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) increased at a rate of 0.036 yr−1. Approximately 20% of the vegetation areas, which were primarily located in the northeastern plateau, exhibited significant NDVI increase trend (p-value <0.05). Only 4% of the vegetated area showed significant decrease trends, which were mostly in the central and southwestern plateau. A strong positive relationship between NDVI and precipitation, especially in the northeastern plateau, suggested that precipitation was a favorable factor for the grassland NDVI. Negative correlations between NDVI and temperature, especially in the southern plateau, indicated that higher temperature adversely affected the grassland growth. Although a warming climate was expected to be beneficial to the vegetation growth in cold regions, the grasslands in the central and southwestern plateau showed a decrease in trends influenced by increased temperature coupled with decreased precipitation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SPIE","doi":"10.1117/1.JRS.7.073572","usgsCitation":"Zhang, L., Guo, H., Ji, L., Lei, L., Wang, C., Yan, D., Li, B., and Li, J., 2013, Vegetation greenness trend (2000 to 2009) and the climate controls in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau: Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, v. 7, no. 1, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JRS.7.073572.","productDescription":"18 p.","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2000-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-032689","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473886,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.jrs.7.073572","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":280627,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280626,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.JRS.7.073572"}],"country":"China","state":"Tibet;Qinghai","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 80.0,25.0 ], [ 80.0,40.0 ], [ 100.0,40.0 ], [ 100.0,25.0 ], [ 80.0,25.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"7","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7b02e4b0b2908510ddb5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, Li","contributorId":98139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Li","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guo, Huadong","contributorId":21056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guo","given":"Huadong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ji, Lei 0000-0002-6133-1036 lji@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6133-1036","contributorId":2832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ji","given":"Lei","email":"lji@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":487854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lei, Liping","contributorId":31299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lei","given":"Liping","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wang, Cuizhen","contributorId":16312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Cuizhen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Yan, Dongmei","contributorId":100736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yan","given":"Dongmei","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Li, Bin","contributorId":47684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Bin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Li, Jing","contributorId":9166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Jing","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ]}