{"pageNumber":"659","pageRowStart":"16450","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68919,"records":[{"id":70040181,"text":"sir20125199 - 2012 - Hydrogeology of the Mammoth Spring groundwater basin and vicinity, Markagunt Plateau, Garfield, Iron, and Kane Counties, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-04T10:35:18","indexId":"sir20125199","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5199","title":"Hydrogeology of the Mammoth Spring groundwater basin and vicinity, Markagunt Plateau, Garfield, Iron, and Kane Counties, Utah","docAbstract":"The Markagunt Plateau, in southwestern Utah, lies at an altitude of about 9,500 feet, largely within Dixie National Forest. The plateau is capped primarily by Tertiary- and Quaternary-age volcanic rocks that overlie Paleocene- to Eocene-age limestone of the Claron Formation, which forms escarpments on the west and south sides of the plateau. In the southwestern part of the plateau, an extensive area of sinkholes has formed that resulted primarily from dissolution of the underlying limestone and subsequent subsidence and (or) collapse of the basalt, producing sinkholes as large as 1,000 feet across and 100 feet deep. Karst development in the Claron Formation likely has been enhanced by high infiltration rates through the basalt. Numerous large springs discharge from the volcanic rocks and underlying limestone on the Markagunt Plateau, including Mammoth Spring, one of the largest in Utah, with discharge that ranges from less than 5 to more than 300 cubic feet per second (ft<sup>3</sup>/s). In 2007, daily mean peak discharge of Mammoth Spring was bimodal, reaching 54 and 56 ft<sup>3</sup>/s, while daily mean peak discharge of the spring in 2008 and in 2009 was 199 ft<sup>3</sup>/s and 224 ft<sup>3</sup>/s, respectively. In both years, the rise from baseflow, about 6 ft<sup>3</sup>/s, to peak flow occurred over a 4- to 5-week period. Discharge from Mammoth Spring accounted for about 54 percent of the total peak streamflow in Mammoth Creek in 2007 and 2008, and about 46 percent in 2009, and accounted for most of the total streamflow during the remainder of the year. Results of major-ion analyses for water samples collected from Mammoth and other springs on the plateau during 2006 to 2009 indicated calcium-bicarbonate type water, which contained dissolved-solids concentrations that ranged from 91 to 229 milligrams per liter. Concentrations of major ions, trace elements, and nutrients did not exceed primary or secondary drinking-water standards; however, total and fecal coliform bacteria were present in water from Mammoth and other springs. Temperature and specific conductance of water from Mammoth and other springs showed substantial variance and generally were inversely related to changes in discharge during snowmelt runoff and rainfall events. Over the 3-year study period, daily mean temperature and specific conductance of water from Mammoth Spring ranged from 3.4 degrees Celsius (&deg;C) and 112 microsiemens per centimeter (&mu;S/cm) during peak flow from snowmelt runoff to 5.3&deg;C and 203 &mu;S/cm during baseflow conditions. Increases in specific conductance of the spring water prior to an increase in discharge in 2008&ndash;09 were likely the result of drainage of increasingly older water from storage. Variations in these parameters in water from two rise pools upstream from Mammoth Spring were the largest observed in relation to discharge and indicate a likely hydraulic connection to Mammoth Creek. Variations in water quality, discharge, and turbidity indicate a high potential for transport of contaminants from surface sources to Mammoth and other large springs in a matter of days. Results of dye-tracer tests indicated that recharge to Mammoth Spring largely originates from southwest of the spring and outside of the watershed for Mammoth Creek, particularly along the drainages of Midway and Long Valley Creeks, and in the Red Desert, Horse Pasture, and Hancock Peak areas, where karst development is greatest. A significant component of recharge to the spring takes place by both focused and diffuse infiltration through the basalt and into the underlying Claron limestone. Losing reaches along Mammoth Creek are also a source of rapid recharge to the spring. Maximum groundwater travel time to the spring during the snowmelt runoff period was about 7 days from sinking streams as far as 9 miles away and 1,900 feet higher, indicating a velocity of more than a mile per day. Response of the spring to rainfall events in the recharge area, however, indicated potential lag times of only about 1 to 2 days. Samples collected from Mammoth Spring during baseflow conditions and analyzed for tritium and sulfur-35 showed that groundwater in storage is relatively young, with apparent ages ranging from less than 1 year to possibly a few tens of years. Ratios of oxygen-18 and deuterium also showed that water from the spring represents a mixture of waters from different sources and altitudes. On the basis of evaluating results of dye-tracer tests and relations to adjacent basins, the recharge area for Mammoth Spring probably includes about 40 square miles within the Mammoth Creek watershed as well as at least 25 square miles outside and to the south of the watershed. Additional dye-tracer tests are needed to better define boundaries between the groundwater basins for Mammoth Spring and Duck Creek, Cascade, and Asay Springs.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125199","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Forest Service","usgsCitation":"Spangler, L.E., 2012, Hydrogeology of the Mammoth Spring groundwater basin and vicinity, Markagunt Plateau, Garfield, Iron, and Kane Counties, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5199, Report: vi, 56 p.; Plate: 18.0 x 24.5 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125199.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 56 p.; Plate: 18.0 x 24.5 inches","numberOfPages":"66","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262269,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5199/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262270,"rank":400,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5199/pdf/sir20125199.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":262276,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5199.jpg"},{"id":262289,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5199/pdf/sir20125199MammothPlate1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Garfield County, Iron County, Kane County","otherGeospatial":"Markagunt Plateau","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.91666666666667,37.45 ], [ -112.91666666666667,37.75 ], [ -112.5,37.75 ], [ -112.5,37.45 ], [ -112.91666666666667,37.45 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"506d51a7e4b002b5ec71a833","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spangler, Lawrence E. 0000-0003-3928-8809 spangler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3928-8809","contributorId":973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spangler","given":"Lawrence","email":"spangler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70040160,"text":"sir20125184 - 2012 - Presence of selected chemicals of emerging concern in water and bottom sediment from the St. Louis River, St. Louis Bay, and Superior Bay, Minnesota and Wisconsin, 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-19T17:16:26","indexId":"sir20125184","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5184","title":"Presence of selected chemicals of emerging concern in water and bottom sediment from the St. Louis River, St. Louis Bay, and Superior Bay, Minnesota and Wisconsin, 2010","docAbstract":"The St. Louis Bay of Lake Superior receives substantial urban runoff, wastewater treatment plant effluent, and industrial effluent. In 1987, the International Joint Commission designated the St. Louis Bay portion of the lower St. Louis River as one of the Great Lakes Areas of Concern. Concerns exist about the potential effects of chemicals of emerging concern on aquatic biota because many of these chemicals, including endocrine active chemicals, have been shown to affect the endocrine systems of fish. To determine the occurrence of chemicals of emerging concern in the St. Louis River, the St. Louis Bay, and Superior Bay, the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency and the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources collected water and bottom-sediment samples from 40 sites from August through October 2010. The objectives of this study were to (1) identify the extent to which chemicals of emerging concern, including pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic chemicals, occur in the St. Louis River, St. Louis Bay, and Superior Bay, and (2) identify the extent to which the chemicals may have accumulated in bottom sediment of the study area. Samples were analyzed for selected wastewater indicators, hormones, sterols, bisphenol <i>A</i>, and human-health pharmaceuticals. During this study, 33 of 89 chemicals of emerging concern were detected among all water samples collected and 56 of 104 chemicals of emerging concern were detected in bottom-sediment samples. The chemical <i>N,N</i>-diethyl-<i>meta</i>-toluamide (DEET) was the most commonly detected chemical in water samples and 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene was the most commonly detected chemical in bottom-sediment samples. In general, chemicals of emerging concern were detected at a higher frequency in bottom-sediment samples than in water samples. Estrone (a steroid hormone) and hexahydrohexamethyl cyclopentabensopyran (a synthetic fragrance) were the most commonly detected endocrine active chemicals in water samples; <i>beta</i>-sitosterol (a plant sterol), estrone, and 4-<i>tert</i>-octylphenol (an alkylphenol) were the most commonly detected endocrine active chemicals in bottom-sediment samples. The greater detection frequency of chemicals in bottom-sediment samples compared to the detection frequency in water samples indicates that bottom sediment is an important sink for chemicals of emerging concern. At least one polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon was detected in every sample; and in most samples, all nine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons included in analyses were detected. Bottom sediment collected from Superior Bay had the most polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon detections of the sediment sampling locations.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125184","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency and the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Christensen, V.G., Lee, K., Kieta, K.A., and Elliott, S.M., 2012, Presence of selected chemicals of emerging concern in water and bottom sediment from the St. Louis River, St. Louis Bay, and Superior Bay, Minnesota and Wisconsin, 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5184, vii, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125184.","productDescription":"vii, 23 p.","numberOfPages":"23","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262251,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5184.gif"},{"id":262215,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5184/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262216,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5184/sir2012-5184.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator, Zone 15","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Minnesota;Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -93.25,46.5 ], [ -93.25,48 ], [ -91.5,48 ], [ -91.5,46.5 ], [ -93.25,46.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"506d51bfe4b002b5ec71a83c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christensen, Victoria G. 0000-0003-4166-7461 vglenn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4166-7461","contributorId":2354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"Victoria","email":"vglenn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, Kathy 0000-0002-7683-1367 klee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7683-1367","contributorId":2538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Kathy","email":"klee@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kieta, Kristen A. kkieta@usgs.gov","contributorId":5524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kieta","given":"Kristen","email":"kkieta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":467806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Elliott, Sarah M. 0000-0002-1414-3024 selliott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1414-3024","contributorId":1472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"Sarah","email":"selliott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70040123,"text":"70040123 - 2012 - Eleven-year trend in acetanilide pesticide degradates in the Iowa River, Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-03T17:16:16","indexId":"70040123","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Eleven-year trend in acetanilide pesticide degradates in the Iowa River, Iowa","docAbstract":"Trends in concentration and loads of acetochlor, alachlor, and metolachlor and their ethanasulfonic (ESA) and oxanilic (OXA) acid degradates were studied from 1996 through 2006 in the main stem of the Iowa River, Iowa and in the South Fork Iowa River, a small tributary near the headwaters of the Iowa River. Concentration trends were determined using the parametric regression model SEAWAVE-Q, which accounts for seasonal and flow-related variability. Daily estimated concentrations generated from the model were used with daily streamflow to calculate daily and yearly loads. Acetochlor, alachlor, metolachlor, and their ESA and OXA degradates were generally present in &#62;50% of the samples collected from both sites throughout the study. Their concentrations generally decreased from 1996 through 2006, although the rate of decrease was slower after 2001. Concentrations of the ESA and OXA degradates decreased from 3 to about 23% yr<sup>-1</sup>. The concentration trend was related to the decreasing use of these compounds during the study period. Decreasing concentrations and constant runoff resulted in an average reduction of 10 to &#62;3000 kg per year of alachlor and metolachlor ESA and OXA degradates being transported out of the Iowa River watershed. Transport of acetochlor and metolachlor parent compounds and their degradates from the Iowa River watershed ranged from &#60;1% to about 6% of the annual application. These trends were related to the decreasing use of these compounds during the study period, but the year-to-year variability cannot explain changes in loads based on herbicide use alone. The trends were also affected by the timing and amount of precipitation. As expected, increased amounts of water moving through the watershed moved a greater percentage of the applied herbicides, especially the relatively soluble degradates, from the soils into the rivers through surface runoff, shallow groundwater inflow, and subsurface drainage.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Quality","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ASA, CSSA, SSSA","publisherLocation":"Madison, WI","doi":"10.2134/jeq2011.0426","usgsCitation":"Kalkhoff, S.J., Vecchia, A.V., Capel, P.D., and Meyer, M.T., 2012, Eleven-year trend in acetanilide pesticide degradates in the Iowa River, Iowa: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 41, no. 5, p. 1566-1579, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2011.0426.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1566","endPage":"1579","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262252,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262224,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2011.0426"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa;Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Cedar River","volume":"41","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"506d518de4b002b5ec71a82a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kalkhoff, Stephen J. 0000-0003-4110-1716 sjkalkho@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4110-1716","contributorId":1731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalkhoff","given":"Stephen","email":"sjkalkho@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35680,"text":"Illinois-Iowa-Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vecchia, Aldo V. 0000-0002-2661-4401","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2661-4401","contributorId":41810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vecchia","given":"Aldo","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Capel, Paul D. 0000-0003-1620-5185 capel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1620-5185","contributorId":1002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capel","given":"Paul","email":"capel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meyer, Michael T. 0000-0001-6006-7985 mmeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-7985","contributorId":866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Michael","email":"mmeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70040162,"text":"ofr20121186 - 2012 - Disputes over science and dispute resolution approaches - A survey of Bureau of Reclamation employees","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-10T17:16:12","indexId":"ofr20121186","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1186","title":"Disputes over science and dispute resolution approaches - A survey of Bureau of Reclamation employees","docAbstract":"Water resources in parts of the Western United States are over-allocated, which intensifies the pressure to support water management decisions with strong scientific evidence. Because scientific studies sometimes provide uncertain or competing results or recommendations, science can become a source of disputes during decision-making processes. The Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) is an important water manager in the Western United States, and Reclamation decision processes are often contested by a variety of affected constituencies. We conducted a Web-based survey of Reclamation employees to determine (1) which types of disputes over science are occurring and how common they are, (2) which approaches have been used by Reclamation to try to resolve these different types of disputes, (3) how useful Reclamation employees find these approaches at resolving these types of disputes, (4) the final outcomes of these disputes and the decision-making processes that were hindered by the disputes over science, and (5) the potential usefulness of several different types of dispute resolution resources that Reclamation could provide for employees that become involved in disputes over science. The calculated minimum response rate for the survey was 59 percent. Twenty-five percent of respondents indicated that they had been involved in a dispute over science while working at Reclamation. Native species and species listed under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 were the most common issue types reported in these disputes over science. Survey respondents indicated that they used a variety of approaches to resolve disputes over science and rated most approaches as either neutral or somewhat helpful in these endeavors. Future research is needed to determine whether there are additional variables underlying these disputes that were not measured in this survey that may identify when dispute resolution methods are most effective, or whether resolving aspects of these disputes, such as differing interpretations of science, is very difficult or impossible regardless of the dispute resolution methods used.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121186","usgsCitation":"Burkardt, N., and Ruell, E.W., 2012, Disputes over science and dispute resolution approaches - A survey of Bureau of Reclamation employees: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1186, v, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121186.","productDescription":"v, 49 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262250,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1186.JPG"},{"id":262225,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1186/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262226,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1186/OF12-1186.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"506d5179e4b002b5ec71a824","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burkardt, Nina 0000-0002-9392-9251 burkardtn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9392-9251","contributorId":2781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkardt","given":"Nina","email":"burkardtn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruell, Emily W.","contributorId":28465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruell","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70040166,"text":"sir20125134 - 2012 - Water quality, hydrology, and simulated response to changes in phosphorus loading of Mercer Lake, Iron County, Wisconsin, with special emphasis on the effects of wastewater discharges","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-06T12:26:32","indexId":"sir20125134","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5134","title":"Water quality, hydrology, and simulated response to changes in phosphorus loading of Mercer Lake, Iron County, Wisconsin, with special emphasis on the effects of wastewater discharges","docAbstract":"Mercer Lake is a relatively shallow drainage lake in north-central Wisconsin. The area near the lake has gone through many changes over the past century, including urbanization and industrial development. To try to improve the water quality of the lake, actions have been taken, such as removal of the lumber mill and diversion of all effluent from the sewage treatment plant away from the lake; however, it is uncertain how these actions have affected water quality. Mercer Lake area residents and authorities would like to continue to try to improve the water quality of the lake; however, they would like to place their efforts in the actions that will have the most beneficial effects. To provide a better understanding of the factors affecting the water quality of Mercer Lake, a detailed study of the lake and its watershed was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in collaboration with the Mercer Lake Association. The purposes of the study were to describe the water quality of the lake and the composition of its sediments; quantify the sources of water and phosphorus loading to the lake, including sources associated with wastewater discharges; and evaluate the effects of past and future changes in phosphorus inputs on the water quality of the lake using eutrophication models (models that simulate changes in phosphorus and algae concentrations and water clarity in the lake). Based on analyses of sediment cores and monitoring data collected from the lake, the water quality of Mercer Lake appears to have degraded as a result of the activities in its watershed over the past 100 years. The water quality appears to have improved, however, since a sewage treatment plant was constructed in 1965 and its effluent was routed away from the lake in 1995. Since 2000, when a more consistent monitoring program began, the water quality of the lake appears to have changed very little. During the two monitoring years (MY) 2008-09, the average summer near-surface concentration of total phosphorus was 0.023 mg/L, indicating the lake is borderline mesotrophic-eutrophic, or has moderate to high concentrations of phosphorus, whereas the average summer chlorophyll a concentration was 3.3 mg/L and water clarity, as measured with a Secchi depth, was 10.4 ft, both indicating mesotrophic conditions or that the lake has a moderate amount of algae and water clarity. Although actions have been taken to eliminate the wastewater discharges, the bottom sediment still has slightly elevated concentrations of several pollutants from wastewater discharges, lumber operations, and roadway drainage, and a few naturally occurring metals (such as iron). None of the concentrations, however, were high enough above the defined thresholds to be of concern. Based on nitrogen to phosphorus ratios, the productivity (algal growth) in Mercer Lake should typically be limited by phosphorus; therefore, understanding the phosphorus input to the lake is important when management efforts to improve or prevent degradation of the lake water quality are considered. Total inputs of phosphorus to Mercer Lake were directly estimated for MY 2008-09 at about 340 lb/yr and for a recent year with more typical hydrology at about 475 lb/yr. During these years, the largest sources of phosphorus were from Little Turtle Inlet, which contributed about 45 percent, and the drainage area near the lake containing the adjacent urban and residential developments, which contributed about 24 percent. Prior to 1965, when there was no sewage treatment plant and septic systems and other untreated systems contributed nutrients to the watershed, phosphorus loadings were estimated to be about 71 percent higher than during around 2009. In 1965, a sewage treatment plant was built, but its effluent was released in the downstream end of the lake. Depending on various assumptions on how much effluent was retained in the lake, phosphorus inputs from wastewater may have ranged from 0 to 342 lb. Future highway and stormwater improvements have been identified in the Mercer Infrastructure Improvement Project, and if they are done with the proposed best management practices, then phosphorus inputs to the lake may decrease by about 40 lb. Eutrophication models [Canfield and Bachman model (1981) and Carlson Trophic State Index equations (1977)] were used to predict how the water quality of Mercer Lake should respond to changes in phosphorus loading. A relatively linear response was found between phosphorus loading and phosphorus and chlorophyll a concentrations in the lake, with changes in phosphorus concentrations being slightly less (about 80 percent) and changes in chlorophyll a concentrations being slightly more (about 120 percent) than the changes in phosphorus loadings to the lake. Water clarity, indicated by Secchi depths, responded more to decreases in phosphorus loading than to increases in loading. Results from the eutrophication models indicated that the lake should have been negatively affected by the wastewater discharges. Prior to 1965, when there was no sewage treatment plant effluent and inputs from the septic systems and other untreated systems were thought to be high, the lake should have been eutrophic; near the surface, average phosphorus concentrations were almost 0.035 mg/L, chlorophyll a concentrations were about 7 &mu;g/L, and Secchi depths were about 6 ft, which agreed with the shallower Secchi depths during this time estimated from the sediment-core analysis. The models indicated that between 1965 and 1995, when the lake retained some of the effluent from the new sewage treatment plant, water quality should have been between the conditions estimated prior to 1965 and what was expected during typical hydrologic conditions around MY 2008-09. The models also indicated that if the future Mercer Infrastructure Improvement Project is conducted with the best management practices as proposed, the water quality in the lake could improve slightly from that measured during 2006-10. Because of the small amount of phosphorus that is presently input into Mercer Lake any additional phosphorus added to the lake could degrade water quality; therefore, management actions can usefully focus on minimizing future phosphorus inputs. Phosphorus released from the sediments of a degraded lake often delays its response to decreases in external phosphorus loading, especially in shallow, frequently mixed systems. Mercer Lake, however, remains stratified throughout most of the summer, and phosphorus released from the sediments represents only about 6 percent, or a small fraction, of the total phosphorus load to the lake. Therefore, the phosphorus trapped in the sediments should minimally affect the long-term water quality of the lake and should not delay the response in its productivity to future changes in nutrient loading from its watershed.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125134","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Mercer School District","usgsCitation":"Robertson, D.M., Garn, H.S., Rose, W., Juckem, P.F., and Reneau, P.C., 2012, Water quality, hydrology, and simulated response to changes in phosphorus loading of Mercer Lake, Iron County, Wisconsin, with special emphasis on the effects of wastewater discharges: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5134, viii, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125134.","productDescription":"viii, 58 p.","numberOfPages":"70","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262244,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5134.png"},{"id":262227,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5134/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262228,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5134/pdf/MercerLake_SIR20125134.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"40000","country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Iron","otherGeospatial":"Mercer Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.11666666666666,46.15 ], [ -90.11666666666666,46.25 ], [ -89.96666666666667,46.25 ], [ -89.96666666666667,46.15 ], [ -90.11666666666666,46.15 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"506d51d2e4b002b5ec71a842","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robertson, Dale M. 0000-0001-6799-0596 dzrobert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":150760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"dzrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garn, Herbert S. hsgarn@usgs.gov","contributorId":2592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garn","given":"Herbert","email":"hsgarn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":467814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rose, William J. wjrose@usgs.gov","contributorId":2182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"William J.","email":"wjrose@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":467813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Juckem, Paul F. 0000-0002-3613-1761 pfjuckem@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3613-1761","contributorId":1905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juckem","given":"Paul","email":"pfjuckem@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reneau, Paul C. 0000-0002-1335-7573 pcreneau@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1335-7573","contributorId":4385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reneau","given":"Paul","email":"pcreneau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70040152,"text":"70040152 - 2012 - Geogenic sources of benzene in aquifers used for public supply, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-04T14:13:26","indexId":"70040152","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geogenic sources of benzene in aquifers used for public supply, California","docAbstract":"Statistical evaluation of two large statewide data sets from the California State Water Board's Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment Program (1973 wells) and the California Department of Public Health (12417 wells) reveals that benzene occurs infrequently (1.7%) and at generally low concentrations (median detected concentration of 0.024 &mu;g/L) in groundwater used for public supply in California. When detected, benzene is more often related to geogenic (45% of detections) than anthropogenic sources (27% of detections). Similar relations are evident for the sum of 17 hydrocarbons analyzed. Benzene occurs most frequently and at the highest concentrations in old, brackish, and reducing groundwater; the detection frequency was 13.0% in groundwater with tritium &#60;1 pCi/L, specific conductance &#62;1600 &mu;S/cm, and anoxic conditions. This groundwater is typically deep (&#62;180 m). Benzene occurs somewhat less frequently in recent, shallow, and reducing groundwater; the detection frequency was 2.6% in groundwater with tritium &#8805;1 pCi/L, depth &#60;30 m, and anoxic conditions. Evidence for geogenic sources of benzene include: higher concentrations and detection frequencies with increasing well depth, groundwater age, and proximity to oil and gas fields; and higher salinity and lower chloride/iodide ratios in old groundwater with detections of benzene, consistent with interactions with oil-field brines.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1021/es302024c","usgsCitation":"Landon, M.K., and Belitz, K., 2012, Geogenic sources of benzene in aquifers used for public supply, California: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 46, no. 16, p. 8689-8697, https://doi.org/10.1021/es302024c.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"8689","endPage":"8697","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262249,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262214,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es302024c"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","volume":"46","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-08-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"506d519de4b002b5ec71a830","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landon, Matthew K. 0000-0002-5766-0494 landon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-0494","contributorId":392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landon","given":"Matthew","email":"landon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70040168,"text":"sir20125196 - 2012 - Conceptualization of the predevelopment groundwater flow system and transient water-level responses in Yucca Flat, Nevada National Security Site, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-03T17:16:16","indexId":"sir20125196","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5196","title":"Conceptualization of the predevelopment groundwater flow system and transient water-level responses in Yucca Flat, Nevada National Security Site, Nevada","docAbstract":"Contaminants introduced into the subsurface of Yucca Flat, Nevada National Security Site, by underground nuclear testing are of concern to the U.S. Department of Energy and regulators responsible for protecting human health and safety. The potential for contaminant movement away from the underground test areas and into the accessible environment is greatest by groundwater transport. The primary hydrologic control on this transport is evaluated and examined through a set of contour maps developed to represent the hydraulic-head distribution within the two major aquifer systems underlying the area. Aquifers and confining units within these systems were identified and their extents delineated by merging and analyzing hydrostratigraphic framework models developed by other investigators from existing geologic information. Maps of the hydraulic-head distributions in the major aquifer systems were developed from a detailed evaluation and assessment of available water-level measurements. The maps, in conjunction with regional and detailed hydrogeologic cross sections, were used to conceptualize flow within and between aquifer systems. Aquifers and confining units are mapped and discussed in general terms as being one of two aquifer systems: alluvial-volcanic or carbonate. The carbonate aquifers are subdivided and mapped as independent regional and local aquifers, based on the continuity of their component rock. Groundwater flow directions, approximated from potentiometric contours, are indicated on the maps and sections and discussed for the alluvial-volcanic and regional carbonate aquifers. Flow in the alluvial-volcanic aquifer generally is constrained by the bounding volcanic confining unit, whereas flow in the regional carbonate aquifer is constrained by the siliceous confining unit. Hydraulic heads in the alluvial-volcanic aquifer typically range from 2,400 to 2,530 feet and commonly are elevated about 20-100 feet above heads in the underlying regional carbonate aquifer. Flow directions in the alluvial-volcanic aquifer are variable and are controlled by localized areas where small amounts of water can drain into the regional carbonate aquifer. These areas commonly are controlled by geologic structures, such as Yucca fault. Flow in the regional carbonate aquifer generally drains to the center of the basin; from there flow is to the south-southeast out of the study area toward downgradient discharge areas. Southward flow in the regional carbonate aquifer occurs in a prominent potentiometric trough that results from a faulted zone of enhanced permeability centered about Yucca fault. Vertical hydraulic gradients between the aquifer systems are downward throughout the study area; however, flow from the alluvial-volcanic aquifer into the underlying carbonate aquifer is believed to be minor because of the intervening confining unit. Transient water levels were identified and analyzed to understand hydraulic responses to stresses in Yucca Flat. Transient responses have only a minimal influence on the general predevelopment flow directions in the aquifers. The two primary anthropogenic stresses on the groundwater system since about 1950 are nuclear testing and pumping. Most of the potentiometric response in the aquifers to pumping or past nuclear testing is interim and localized. Persistent, long-lasting changes in hydraulic head caused by nuclear testing occur only in confining units where groundwater fluxes are negligible. A third stress on the groundwater system is natural recharge, which can cause minor, short- and long-term changes in water levels. Long-term hydrographs affected by natural recharge, grouped by similar trend, cluster in distinct areas of Yucca Flat and are controlled primarily by spatial differences in local recharge patterns.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125196","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Environmental Management, National Nuclear Security Administration, Nevada Site Office, under Interagency Agreement DE-NA0001654","usgsCitation":"Fenelon, J.M., Sweetkind, D., Elliott, P.E., and Laczniak, R.J., 2012, Conceptualization of the predevelopment groundwater flow system and transient water-level responses in Yucca Flat, Nevada National Security Site, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5196, SIR 2012-5196: vi, 62; Report Package; 4 Plates: 42 x 36.01 inches and 24 x 40 inches; Appendixes 1-3, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125196.","productDescription":"SIR 2012-5196: vi, 62; Report Package; 4 Plates: 42 x 36.01 inches and 24 x 40 inches; Appendixes 1-3","numberOfPages":"72","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262245,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5196.jpg"},{"id":262231,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5196/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262232,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5196/pdf/sir2012-5196.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":262233,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5196/pdf/sir2012-5196Plate01.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":262234,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5196/pdf/sir2012-5196Plate02.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":262235,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5196/pdf/sir2012-5196Plate03.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":262236,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5196/pdf/sir2012-5196Plate04.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator Projection, Zone 11","datum":"North Amercian Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Yucca Flat","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.83333333333333,36.5 ], [ -116.83333333333333,37.5 ], [ -115.5,37.5 ], [ -115.5,36.5 ], [ -116.83333333333333,36.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"506d5171e4b002b5ec71a821","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fenelon, Joseph M. 0000-0003-4449-245X jfenelon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4449-245X","contributorId":2355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fenelon","given":"Joseph","email":"jfenelon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sweetkind, Donald S.","contributorId":18732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweetkind","given":"Donald S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Elliott, Peggy E. 0000-0002-7264-664X pelliott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7264-664X","contributorId":3805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"Peggy","email":"pelliott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":467819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Laczniak, Randell J.","contributorId":90687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laczniak","given":"Randell","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70040171,"text":"sir20125176C - 2012 - Lahar hazard zones for eruption-generated lahars in the Lassen Volcanic Center, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-30T13:28:20","indexId":"sir20125176C","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5176","chapter":"C","title":"Lahar hazard zones for eruption-generated lahars in the Lassen Volcanic Center, California","docAbstract":"Lahar deposits are found in drainages that head on or near Lassen Peak in northern California, demonstrating that these valleys are susceptible to future lahars. In general, lahars are uncommon in the Lassen region. Lassen Peak's lack of large perennial snowfields and glaciers limits its potential for lahar development, with the winter snowpack being the largest source of water for lahar generation. The most extensive lahar deposits are related to the May 1915 eruption of Lassen Peak, and evidence for pre-1915 lahars is sparse and spatially limited. The May 1915 eruption of Lassen Peak was a small-volume eruption that generated a snow and hot-rock avalanche, a pyroclastic flow, and two large and four smaller lahars. The two large lahars were generated on May 19 and 22 and inundated sections of Lost and Hat Creeks. We use 80 years of snow depth measurements from Lassen Peak to calculate average and maximum liquid water depths, 2.02 meters (m) and 3.90 m respectively, for the month of May as estimates of the 1915 lahars. These depths are multiplied by the areal extents of the eruptive deposits to calculate a water volume range, 7.05-13.6x10<sup>6</sup> cubic meters (m<sup>3</sup>). We assume the lahars were a 50/50 mix of water and sediment and double the water volumes to provide an estimate of the 1915 lahars, 13.2-19.8x10<sup>6</sup> m<sup>3</sup>. We use a representative volume of 15x106 m<sup>3</sup> in the software program LAHARZ to calculate cross-sectional and planimetric areas for the 1915 lahars. The resultant lahar inundation zone reasonably portrays both of the May 1915 lahars. We use this same technique to calculate the potential for future lahars in basins that head on or near Lassen Peak. LAHARZ assumes that the total lahar volume does not change after leaving the potential energy, <i>H/L</i>, cone (the height of the edifice, <i>H</i>, down to the approximate break in slope at its base, <i>L</i>); therefore, all water available to initiate a lahar is contained inside this cone. Because snow is the primary source of water for lahar generation, we assume that the maximum historical water equivalent, 3.90 m, covers the entire basin area inside the <i>H/L</i> cone. The product of planimetric area of each basin inside the <i>H/L</i> and the maximum historical water equivalent yields the maximum water volume available to generate a lahar. We then double the water volumes to approximate maximum lahar volumes. The maximum lahar volumes and an understanding of the statistical uncertainties inherent to the LAHARZ calculations guided our selection of six hypothetical volumes, 1, 3, 10, 30, 60, and 90x10<sup>6</sup> m<sup>3</sup>, to delineate concentric lahar inundation zones. The lahar inundation zones extend, in general, tens of kilometers away from Lassen Peak. The small, more-frequent lahar inundation zones (1 and 3x10<sup>6</sup> m<sup>3</sup>) are, on average, 10 km long. The exceptions are the zones in Warner Creek and Mill Creek, which extend much further. All but one of the small, more-frequent lahar inundation zones reach outside of the Lassen Volcanic National Park boundary, and the zone in Mill Creek extends well past the park boundary. All of the medium, moderately frequent lahar inundation zones (10 and 30x10<sup>6</sup> m<sup>3</sup>) extend past the park boundary and could potentially impact the communities of Viola and Old Station and State Highways 36 and 44, both north and west of Lassen Peak. The approximately 27-km-long on average, large, less-frequent lahar inundation zones (60 and 90x10<sup>6</sup> m<sup>3</sup>) represent worst-case lahar scenarios that are unlikely to occur. Flood hazards continue downstream from the toes of the lahars, potentially affecting communities in the Sacramento River Valley.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125176C","collaboration":"See also: SIR 2012-5176-A","usgsCitation":"Robinson, J., and Clynne, M.A., 2012, Lahar hazard zones for eruption-generated lahars in the Lassen Volcanic Center, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5176, iv, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125176C.","productDescription":"iv, 13 p.","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":153,"text":"California Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262248,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5176_C.gif"},{"id":262241,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5176/c/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262242,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5176/c/sir2012-5176-c.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Lassen Peak","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.16666666666667,40 ], [ -122.16666666666667,41 ], [ -121,41 ], [ -121,40 ], [ -122.16666666666667,40 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"506d51afe4b002b5ec71a836","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, Joel E. 0000-0002-5193-3666 jrobins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5193-3666","contributorId":2757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Joel E.","email":"jrobins@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clynne, Michael A. 0000-0002-4220-2968 mclynne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4220-2968","contributorId":2032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clynne","given":"Michael","email":"mclynne@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70205772,"text":"70205772 - 2012 - Improving scientific communication through the use of U.S. Geological Survey Video Podcasts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-02T16:53:30","indexId":"70205772","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-02T10:21:10","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Improving scientific communication through the use of U.S. Geological Survey Video Podcasts","docAbstract":"<p>It is crucial that scientist find innovative ways of effectively communicating research to resource managers, public officials, and the general public. New technologies, such as video podcasts, are being used as an outreach tool to communicate results from the U.S Geological Survey (USGS) National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program. The purpose of these podcasts is to summarize scientific research and methods from the NAWQA program. Video podcasts are audio podcasts that incorporate video clips to illustrate ideas presented in simple, concise language with brief 3 to 5-minute films. The process of creating concise podcast messages expands the potential audience for communicating research findings, but the production of video podcasts requires adequate allocation of time and resources. Audience responses to NAWQA podcasts thus far indicate that video is an effective means of sharing scientific information with a broader audience.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Rethinking Protected Areas in a Changing World","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"Rethinking protected areas in a changing world: Proceedings of the 2011 George Wright Society Conference on Parks, Protected Areas, and Cultural Sites  ","conferenceDate":"March 14-18, 2011","conferenceLocation":"New Orleans, Louisiana ","language":"English","publisher":"The George Wright Society","usgsCitation":"Moorman, M.C., Harned, D.A., McMahon, G., and Capelli, K., 2012, Improving scientific communication through the use of U.S. Geological Survey Video Podcasts, <i>in</i> Rethinking Protected Areas in a Changing World, New Orleans, Louisiana , March 14-18, 2011, p. 231-236.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"231","endPage":"236","ipdsId":"IP-029210","costCenters":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":565,"text":"Southeast Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":367914,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":367913,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.georgewright.org/1141moorman.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moorman, Michelle C. mmoorman@usgs.gov","contributorId":4970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moorman","given":"Michelle","email":"mmoorman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":772274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harned, Douglas A. daharned@usgs.gov","contributorId":1295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harned","given":"Douglas","email":"daharned@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":772275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McMahon, Gerard 0000-0001-7675-777X gmcmahon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7675-777X","contributorId":191488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"Gerard","email":"gmcmahon@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":565,"text":"Southeast Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":772276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Capelli, Kara kcapelli@usgs.gov","contributorId":219451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capelli","given":"Kara","email":"kcapelli@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5072,"text":"Office of Communication and Publishing","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":772277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70040125,"text":"sir20125144 - 2012 - Preliminary assessment of water chemistry related to groundwater flooding in Wawarsing, New York, 2009-11","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-12T15:38:34","indexId":"sir20125144","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5144","title":"Preliminary assessment of water chemistry related to groundwater flooding in Wawarsing, New York, 2009-11","docAbstract":"<p>Water-quality samples collected in an area prone to groundwater flooding in Wawarsing, New York, were analyzed and assessed to better understand the hydrologic system and to aid in the assessment of contributing water sources. Above average rainfall over the past decade, and the presence of a pressurized water tunnel that passes about 700 feet beneath Wawarsing, could both contribute to groundwater flooding. Water samples were collected from surface-water bodies, springs, and wells and analyzed for major and trace inorganic constituents, dissolved gases, age tracers, and stable isotopes. Distinct differences in chemistry exist between tunnel water and groundwater in unconsolidated deposits and in bedrock, and among groundwater samples collected from some bedrock wells during high head pressure and low head pressure of the Rondout-West Branch Tunnel. Samples from bedrock wells generally had relatively higher concentrations of sulfate (SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), and lower concentrations of calcium (Ca) and bicarbonate (HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>), as compared to unconsolidated wells. Differences in stable-isotope ratios among oxygen-18 to oxygen-16 (&delta;<sup>18</sup>O), hydrogen-2 to hydrogen-1 (&delta;<sup>2</sup>H), sulfur-34 to sulfur-32(&delta;<sup>34</sup>S) of SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>, Sr-87 to Sr-86 (<sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr), and C-13 to C-12 (&delta;<sup>13</sup>C) of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) indicate a potential for distinguishing water in the Delaware-West Branch Tunnel from native groundwater. For example, <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr ratios were more depleted in groundwater samples from most bedrock wells, as compared to samples from surface-water sources, springs, and wells screened in unconsolidated deposits in the study area. Age-tracer data provided useful information on pathways of the groundwater-flow system, but were limited by inherent problems with dissolved gases in bedrock wells. The sulfur hexafluoride (SF<sub>6</sub>) and (or) chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) apparent recharge years of most water samples from wells screened in unconsolidated deposits and springs ranged from 2003 to 2010 (current) and indicate short flow paths from the point of groundwater recharge. All but three of the samples from bedrock wells had interference problems with dissolved gases, mainly caused by excess air from degassing of hydrogen sulfide and methane. The SF<sub>6</sub> and (or) CFC apparent recharge years of samples from three of the bedrock wells ranged from the 1940s to the early 2000s; the sample with the early 2000s recharge year was from a flowing artesian well that was chemically similar to water samples collected at the influent to the tunnel at Rondout Reservoir and the most hydraulically responsive to water tunnel pressure compared to other bedrock wells. Data described in this report can be used, together with hydrogeologic data, to improve the understanding of source waters and groundwater-flow patterns and pathways, and to help assess the mixing of different source waters in water samples. Differences in stable isotope ratios, major and trace constituent concentrations, saturation indexes, tritium concentrations, and apparent groundwater ages will be used to estimate the proportion of water that originates from Rondout-West Branch Tunnel leakage.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125144","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New York City Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Brown, C., Eckhardt, D.A., Stumm, F., and Chu, A., 2012, Preliminary assessment of water chemistry related to groundwater flooding in Wawarsing, New York, 2009-11: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5144, x, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125144.","productDescription":"x, 35 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262196,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5144.gif"},{"id":262195,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5144/pdf/sir2012-5144.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":262194,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5144/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"New York","city":"Wawarsing","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.25,41 ], [ -76.25,42 ], [ -73,42 ], [ -73,41 ], [ -76.25,41 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"506c01e1e4b05073318eead0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Craig J.","contributorId":104450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Craig J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eckhardt, David A. daeckhar@usgs.gov","contributorId":1079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eckhardt","given":"David","email":"daeckhar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":467753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stumm, Frederick 0000-0002-5388-8811 fstumm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5388-8811","contributorId":1077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stumm","given":"Frederick","email":"fstumm@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chu, Anthony 0000-0001-8623-2862 achu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8623-2862","contributorId":2517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chu","given":"Anthony","email":"achu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70040156,"text":"fs20123113 - 2012 - Understanding beach health throughout the Great Lakes -- continuing research","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-03T17:16:16","indexId":"fs20123113","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-3113","title":"Understanding beach health throughout the Great Lakes -- continuing research","docAbstract":"The overall mission of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Beach Health Initiative is to provide science-based information and methods that will allow beach managers to more accurately make beach closure and advisory decisions, understand the sources and physical processes affecting beach contaminants, and understand how science-based information can be used to mitigate and restore beaches and protect the public. \nThe USGS, in collaboration with many Federal, State, and local agencies and universities, has conducted research on beach-health issues in the Great Lakes Region for more than a decade. The work consists of four science elements that align with the initiative's mission: real-time assessments of water quality; coastal processes; pathogens and source tracking; and data analysis, interpretation, and communication. The ongoing or completed research for each of these elements is described in this fact sheet.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20123113","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2012, Understanding beach health throughout the Great Lakes -- continuing research: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2012-3113, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20123113.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262205,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2012_3113.jpg"},{"id":262200,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3113/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262201,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3113/pdf/fs2012-3113.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin;New York;Michigan;Ohio;Indiana","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"506c020ae4b05073318eeadf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70040155,"text":"sir20125151 - 2012 - Spatial and temporal trends in runoff at long-term streamgages within and near the Chesapeake Bay Watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-06T23:08:07.748441","indexId":"sir20125151","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5151","title":"Spatial and temporal trends in runoff at long-term streamgages within and near the Chesapeake Bay Watershed","docAbstract":"Long-term streamflow data within the Chesapeake Bay watershed and surrounding area were analyzed in an attempt to identify trends in streamflow. Data from 30 streamgages near and within the Chesapeake Bay watershed were selected from 1930 through 2010 for analysis. Streamflow data were converted to runoff and trend slopes in percent change per decade were calculated. Trend slopes for three runoff statistics (the 7-day minimum, the mean, and the 1-day maximum) were analyzed annually and seasonally. The slopes also were analyzed both spatially and temporally. The spatial results indicated that trend slopes in the northern half of the watershed were generally greater than those in the southern half. The temporal analysis was done by splitting the 80-year flow record into two subsets; records for 28 streamgages were analyzed for 1930 through 1969 and records for 30 streamgages were analyzed for 1970 through 2010. The mean of the data for all sites for each year were plotted so that the following datasets were analyzed: the 7-day minimum runoff for the north, the 7-day minimum runoff for the south, the mean runoff for the north, the mean runoff for the south, the 1-day maximum runoff for the north, and the 1-day maximum runoff for the south. Results indicated that the period 1930 through 1969 was statistically different from the period 1970 through 2010. For the 7-day minimum runoff and the mean runoff, the latter period had significantly higher streamflow than did the earlier period, although within those two periods no significant linear trends were identified. For the 1-day maximum runoff, no step trend or linear trend could be shown to be statistically significant for the north, although the south showed a mixture of an upward step trend accompanied by linear downtrends within the periods. In no case was a change identified that indicated an increasing rate of change over time, and no general pattern was identified of hydrologic conditions becoming \"more extreme\" over time.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125151","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality, Office of Surface Water Investigations","usgsCitation":"Rice, K.C., and Hirsch, R.M., 2012, Spatial and temporal trends in runoff at long-term streamgages within and near the Chesapeake Bay Watershed: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5151, vi, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125151.","productDescription":"vi, 56 p.","numberOfPages":"66","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262197,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5151.jpg"},{"id":262193,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5151/pdf/SIR2012-5151_Rice.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":262192,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5151/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Albers Equal-area conic projection","datum":"North American Datum 1983","country":"United States","state":"Maryland, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay Watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.1904296875,\n              38.41916639395372\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.223388671875,\n              38.64261790634527\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.35522460937499,\n              38.79690830348427\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.498046875,\n              38.87392853923629\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.5419921875,\n              39.0533181067413\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.662841796875,\n              39.30029918615029\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.750732421875,\n              39.70718665682654\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.6298828125,\n              40.052847601823984\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.69580078125,\n              40.07807142745009\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.95947265625,\n              40.052847601823984\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.0693359375,\n              40.069664523297774\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.058349609375,\n              40.18726672309203\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.9375,\n              40.29628651711716\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.91552734375,\n              40.3549167507906\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.89355468749999,\n              40.47202439692057\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.09130859375,\n              40.56389453066509\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.190185546875,\n              40.64730356252251\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.0693359375,\n              40.75557964275589\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.83862304687499,\n              40.871987756697415\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.76171875,\n              40.91351257612758\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.706787109375,\n              40.95501133048621\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.7177734375,\n              41.071069130806414\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.662841796875,\n              41.1455697310095\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.5419921875,\n              41.13729606112276\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.322265625,\n              41.104190944576466\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.377197265625,\n              41.22824901518529\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.377197265625,\n              41.28606238749825\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.377197265625,\n              41.43449030894922\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.399169921875,\n              41.6154423246811\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.34423828125,\n              41.68111756290652\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.2783203125,\n              41.91045347666418\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.38818359375,\n              42.00848901572399\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.377197265625,\n              42.09007006868398\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.223388671875,\n              42.17968819665961\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.970703125,\n              42.26917949243506\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.8388671875,\n              42.32606244456202\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.520263671875,\n              42.415346114253616\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.278564453125,\n              42.54498667313236\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.322509765625,\n              42.64204079304426\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.410400390625,\n              42.80346172417078\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.68505859374999,\n              42.924251753870685\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.069580078125,\n              42.98053954751642\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.38818359375,\n              42.96446257387128\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.684814453125,\n              42.93229601903058\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.9375,\n              42.87596410238256\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.201171875,\n              42.827638636242284\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.26708984375,\n              42.72280375732727\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.2890625,\n              42.601619944327965\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.2890625,\n              42.52069952914966\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.343994140625,\n              42.415346114253616\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.46484375,\n              42.382894009614034\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.640625,\n              42.431565872579185\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.7724609375,\n              42.39912215986002\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.80541992187499,\n              42.24478535602799\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.88232421875,\n              42.285437007491545\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.9482421875,\n              42.415346114253616\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.04711914062499,\n              42.44778143462245\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.14599609375,\n              42.415346114253616\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.2998046875,\n              42.382894009614034\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.222900390625,\n              42.54498667313236\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.442626953125,\n              42.69858589169842\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.574462890625,\n              42.60970621339408\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.640380859375,\n              42.48830197960227\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.728271484375,\n              42.439674178149424\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.6513671875,\n              42.31793945446847\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.596435546875,\n              42.22851735620852\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.5634765625,\n              42.09007006868398\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.6953125,\n              41.92680320648791\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.9150390625,\n              41.83682786072714\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.0908203125,\n              41.795888098191426\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.453369140625,\n              41.599013054830216\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.453369140625,\n              41.50857729743935\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.42041015625,\n              41.376808565702355\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.3984375,\n              41.21172151054787\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.519287109375,\n              41.054501963290505\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.541259765625,\n              40.9218144123785\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.409423828125,\n              40.713955826286046\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.299560546875,\n              40.55554790286311\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.343505859375,\n              40.48873742102282\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.475341796875,\n              40.30466538259176\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.64013671875,\n              40.06125658140474\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.826904296875,\n              39.9434364619742\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.848876953125,\n              39.80853604144591\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.85986328125,\n              39.715638134796336\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.99169921875,\n              39.69873414348139\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.046630859375,\n              39.64799732373418\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.266357421875,\n              39.436192999314095\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.420166015625,\n              39.2832938689385\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.354248046875,\n              39.26628442213066\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.266357421875,\n              39.232253141714885\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.2333984375,\n              39.155622393423215\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.244384765625,\n              39.01918369029134\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.27734374999999,\n              38.89103282648846\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.398193359375,\n              38.74551518488265\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.661865234375,\n              38.54816542304656\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.683837890625,\n              38.47079371120379\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.727783203125,\n              38.34165619279595\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.815673828125,\n              38.20365531807149\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.04638671875,\n              38.013476231041935\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.17822265625,\n              37.779398571318765\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.2880859375,\n              37.59682400108367\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.4638671875,\n              37.47485808497102\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.694580078125,\n              37.38761749978395\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.771484375,\n              37.23032838760387\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.57373046875,\n              37.26530995561875\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.44189453125,\n              37.309014074275915\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.255126953125,\n              37.31775185163688\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.013427734375,\n              37.3002752813443\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.8486328125,\n              37.23907530202184\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.771728515625,\n              37.18657859524883\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.6728515625,\n              37.07271048132943\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.541015625,\n              37.09900294387622\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.354248046875,\n              37.142803443716836\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.1455078125,\n              37.10776507118514\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.112548828125,\n              37.055177106660814\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.936767578125,\n              36.932330061503144\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.837890625,\n              36.94111143010769\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.662109375,\n              37.055177106660814\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.486328125,\n              37.03763967977139\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.42041015625,\n              36.94111143010769\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.20068359374999,\n              36.96744946416934\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.904052734375,\n              37.03763967977139\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.750244140625,\n              37.081475648860525\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.53051757812499,\n              37.081475648860525\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.354736328125,\n              37.07271048132943\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.069091796875,\n              37.081475648860525\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.959228515625,\n              37.01132594307015\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.893310546875,\n              36.932330061503144\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.871337890625,\n              36.83566824724438\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.849365234375,\n              36.677230602346214\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.7724609375,\n              36.527294814546245\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.629638671875,\n              36.55377524336089\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.46484375,\n              36.589068371399115\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.35498046875,\n              36.48314061639213\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.256103515625,\n              36.57142382346277\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.190185546875,\n              36.66841891894786\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.0693359375,\n              36.65079252503471\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.9375,\n              36.66841891894786\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.948486328125,\n              36.76529191711624\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.904541015625,\n              37.01132594307015\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.926513671875,\n              37.17782559332976\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.882568359375,\n              37.42252593456307\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.618896484375,\n              37.640334898059486\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.509033203125,\n              37.82280243352756\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.38818359375,\n              38.013476231041935\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.16845703124999,\n              38.272688535980976\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.1904296875,\n              38.41916639395372\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"506c01f2e4b05073318eead6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rice, Karen C. 0000-0002-9356-5443 kcrice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9356-5443","contributorId":1998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Karen","email":"kcrice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":467785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hirsch, Robert M. 0000-0002-4534-075X rhirsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4534-075X","contributorId":2005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirsch","given":"Robert","email":"rhirsch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37316,"text":"WMA - Integrated Information Dissemination Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70040150,"text":"70040150 - 2012 - Sources of fecal indicator bacteria to groundwater, Malibu Lagoon and the near-shore ocean, Malibu, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-02T17:16:14","indexId":"70040150","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":791,"text":"Annals of Environmental Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources of fecal indicator bacteria to groundwater, Malibu Lagoon and the near-shore ocean, Malibu, California, USA","docAbstract":"Onsite wastewater treatment systems (OWTS) used to treat residential and commercial sewage near Malibu, California have been implicated as a possible source of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) to Malibu Lagoon and the near-shore ocean. For this to occur, treated wastewater must first move through groundwater before discharging to the Lagoon or ocean. In July 2009 and April 2010, &delta;<sup>18</sup>O and &delta;D data showed that some samples from water-table wells contained as much as 70% wastewater; at that time FIB concentrations in those samples were generally less than the detection limit of 1 Most Probable Number (MPN) per 100 milliliters (mL). In contrast, Malibu Lagoon had total coliform, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, and enterococci concentrations as high as 650,000, 130,000, and 5,500 MPN per 100 mL, respectively, and as many as 12% of samples from nearby ocean beaches exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency single sample enterococci standard for marine recreational water of 104 MPN per 100 mL. Human-associated <i>Bacteroidales</i>, an indicator of human-fecal contamination, were not detected in water from wells, Malibu Lagoon, or the near-shore ocean. Similarly, microarray (PhyloChip) data show <i>Bacteroidales</i> and <i>Fimicutes</i> Operational Taxanomic Units (OTUs) present in OWTS were largely absent in groundwater; in contrast, 50% of <i>Bacteroidales</i> and <i>Fimicutes</i> OTUs present in the near-shore ocean were also present in gull feces. Terminal-Restriction Length Fragment Polymorphism (T-RFLP) and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) data showed that microbial communities in groundwater were different and less abundant than communities in OWTS, Malibu Lagoon, or the near-shore ocean. However, organic compounds indicative of wastewater (such as fecal sterols, bisphenol-A and cosmetics) were present in groundwater having a high percentage of wastewater and were present in groundwater discharging to the ocean. FIB in the near-shore ocean varied with tides, ocean swells, and waves. Movement of water from Malibu Lagoon through the sand berm at the mouth of the Lagoon contributed FIB to the adjacent beach at low tide. Similar increases in FIB concentrations did not occur at beaches adjacent to unsewered residential development, although wastewater indicator compounds and radon-222 (indicative of groundwater discharge) were present. High FIB concentrations at high tide were not related to groundwater discharge, but may be related to FIB associated with debris accumulated along the high-tide line.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Annals of Environmental Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Northeastern University","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA","usgsCitation":"Izbicki, J., Swarzenski, P.W., Burton, C., Van De Werfhorst, L., Holden, P.A., and Dubinsky, E.A., 2012, Sources of fecal indicator bacteria to groundwater, Malibu Lagoon and the near-shore ocean, Malibu, California, USA: Annals of Environmental Science, v. 6.","numberOfPages":"52","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262189,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262185,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2047/d20002615","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262186,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://iris.lib.neu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1092&context=aes","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Malibu","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.7,34.0175 ], [ -118.7,34.034166666666664 ], [ -118.6675,34.034166666666664 ], [ -118.6675,34.0175 ], [ -118.7,34.0175 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"506c01ebe4b05073318eead3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Izbicki, John A. 0000-0003-0816-4408 jaizbick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":1375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"John A.","email":"jaizbick@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":467769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swarzenski, Peter W. 0000-0003-0116-0578 pswarzen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":1070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"Peter","email":"pswarzen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burton, Carmen A. 0000-0002-6381-8833","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6381-8833","contributorId":41793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"Carmen A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Van De Werfhorst, Laurie","contributorId":101138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van De Werfhorst","given":"Laurie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Holden, Patricia A.","contributorId":56090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holden","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dubinsky, Eric A.","contributorId":60069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dubinsky","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70040137,"text":"70040137 - 2012 - An assessment of radon in groundwater in New York State","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-02T17:16:14","indexId":"70040137","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1885,"text":"Health Physics - The Safety Radiation Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An assessment of radon in groundwater in New York State","docAbstract":"Abstract: A set of 317 samples collected from wells throughout New York State (excluding Long Island) from 2003 through 2008 was used to assess the distribution of radon gas in drinking water. Previous studies have documented high concentrations of radon in groundwater from granitic and metamorphic bedrock, but there have been only limited characterizations of radon in water from sedimentary rock and unconsolidated sand-and-gravel deposits in New York. Approximately 8% of the samples from bedrock wells exceed 89 Bq L<sup>-1</sup> (eight times the proposed regulatory limit), but only 2% of samples from sand-and-gravel wells exceed 44 Bq L<sup>-1</sup>. Specific metamorphic and sedimentary rock formations in New York are associated with the high radon concentrations, indicating that specific areas of New York could be targeted with efforts to reduce the risk of exposure to radon in groundwater. Additionally, radon in groundwater from the sand-and-gravel aquifers was found to be directly correlated to radon in indoor air when assessed by county.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Health Physics - The Safety Radiation Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wolters Kluwer Health","publisherLocation":"Riverwoods, IL","doi":"10.1097/HP.0b013e31824dadbe","usgsCitation":"Shaw, S.B., and Eckhardt, D., 2012, An assessment of radon in groundwater in New York State: Health Physics - The Safety Radiation Journal, v. 103, no. 3, p. 311-316, https://doi.org/10.1097/HP.0b013e31824dadbe.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"311","endPage":"316","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262190,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262182,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/HP.0b013e31824dadbe"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -79.75138888888888,40.48444444444444 ], [ -79.75138888888888,45.00111111111111 ], [ -71.78388888888888,45.00111111111111 ], [ -71.78388888888888,40.48444444444444 ], [ -79.75138888888888,40.48444444444444 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"103","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"506c01cae4b05073318eeaca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shaw, Stephen B.","contributorId":40700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaw","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eckhardt, David A.V.","contributorId":80233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eckhardt","given":"David A.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70040208,"text":"sir20125104 - 2012 - Estimated probabilities and volumes of postwildfire debris flows&mdash;A prewildfire evaluation for the Pikes Peak area, El Paso and Teller Counties, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-05T17:16:22","indexId":"sir20125104","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-01T18:33:39","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5104","title":"Estimated probabilities and volumes of postwildfire debris flows&mdash;A prewildfire evaluation for the Pikes Peak area, El Paso and Teller Counties, Colorado","docAbstract":"Debris flows are fast-moving, high-density slurries of water, sediment, and debris that can have enormous destructive power. Although debris flows, triggered by intense rainfall or rapid snowmelt on steep hillsides covered with erodible material, are a common geomorphic process in some unburned areas, a wildfire can transform conditions in a watershed with no recent history of debris flows into conditions that pose a substantial hazard to residents, communities, infrastructure, aquatic habitats, and water supply. The location, extent, and severity of wildfire and the subsequent rainfall intensity and duration cannot be known in advance; however, hypothetical scenarios based on empirical debris-flow models are useful planning tools for conceptualizing potential postwildfire debris flows. A prewildfire study to determine the potential for postwildfire debris flows in the Pikes Peak area in El Paso and Teller Counties, Colorado, was initiated in 2010 by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the City of Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs Utilities. The study was conducted to provide a relative measure of which subwatersheds might constitute the most serious potential debris-flow hazards in the event of a large-scale wildfire and subsequent rainfall.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125104","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Colorado Springs, Colorado","usgsCitation":"Elliott, J.G., Ruddy, B.C., Verdin, K.L., and Schaffrath, K.R., 2012, Estimated probabilities and volumes of postwildfire debris flows&mdash;A prewildfire evaluation for the Pikes Peak area, El Paso and Teller Counties, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5104, iv, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125104.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p.","numberOfPages":"33","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262310,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5104.gif"},{"id":262303,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5104/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262304,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5104/sir2012-5104.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"50000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 13 North","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"El Paso;Teller","otherGeospatial":"Pikes Peak","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.13333333333334,38.71666666666667 ], [ -105.13333333333334,38.95 ], [ -104.85,38.95 ], [ -104.85,38.71666666666667 ], [ -105.13333333333334,38.71666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50db7975e4b061270600bd0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elliott, John G. jelliott@usgs.gov","contributorId":832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"John","email":"jelliott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":467903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruddy, Barbara C. bcruddy@usgs.gov","contributorId":4163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruddy","given":"Barbara","email":"bcruddy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":467905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Verdin, Kristine L. 0000-0002-6114-4660 kverdin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6114-4660","contributorId":3070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"Kristine","email":"kverdin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schaffrath, Keelin R.","contributorId":7552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaffrath","given":"Keelin","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70048660,"text":"70048660 - 2012 - Modelling ecological flow regime: an example from the Tennessee and Cumberland River basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-11T15:02:31","indexId":"70048660","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-01T14:56:33","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1447,"text":"Ecohydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modelling ecological flow regime: an example from the Tennessee and Cumberland River basins","docAbstract":"Predictive equations were developed for 19 ecologically relevant streamflow characteristics within five major groups of flow variables (magnitude, ratio, frequency, variability, and date) for use in the Tennessee and Cumberland River basins using stepbackward regression. Basin characteristics explain 50% or more of the variation for 12 of the 19 equations. Independent variables identified through stepbackward regression were statistically significant in 78 of 304 cases (α > 0.0001) and represent four major groups: climate, physical landscape features, regional indicators, and land use. Of these groups, the regional and climate variables were the most influential for determining hydrologic response. Daily temperature range, geologic factor, and rock depth were major factors explaining the variability in 17, 15, and 13 equations, respectively. The equations and independent datasets were used to explore the broad relation between basin properties and streamflow and the implication of streamflow to the study of ecological flow requirements. Key results include a high degree of hydrologic variability among least disturbed Blue Ridge streams, similar hydrologic behaviour for watersheds with widely varying degrees of forest cover, and distinct hydrologic profiles for streams in different geographic regions. Published in 2011. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecohydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/eco.246","usgsCitation":"Knight, R., Gain, W.S., and Wolfe, W., 2012, Modelling ecological flow regime: an example from the Tennessee and Cumberland River basins: Ecohydrology, v. 5, no. 5, p. 613-627, https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.246.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"613","endPage":"627","ipdsId":"IP-023745","costCenters":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282283,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":282282,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eco.246"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama;Georgia;Kentucky;Mississippi;North Carolina;Tennessee;Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Tennessee And Cumberland River Basins","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.31,34.44 ], [ -90.31,37.06 ], [ -80.86,37.06 ], [ -80.86,34.44 ], [ -90.31,34.44 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"5","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-07-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd67f3e4b0b29085101b79","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knight, Rodney R. rrknight@usgs.gov","contributorId":2272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knight","given":"Rodney R.","email":"rrknight@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":485323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gain, W. Scott wsgain@usgs.gov","contributorId":346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gain","given":"W.","email":"wsgain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[{"id":6676,"text":"USGS (retired)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":485321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wolfe, William J. wjwolfe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"William J.","email":"wjwolfe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":485322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70102821,"text":"70102821 - 2012 - Seeing the light: the effects of particles, dissolved materials, and temperature on in situ measurements of DOM fluorescence in rivers and streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-13T16:05:15","indexId":"70102821","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-01T13:38:14","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2622,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography: Methods","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seeing the light: the effects of particles, dissolved materials, and temperature on in situ measurements of DOM fluorescence in rivers and streams","docAbstract":"Field-deployable sensors designed to continuously measure the fluorescence of colored dissolved organic matter (FDOM) in situ are of growing interest. However, the ability to make FDOM measurements that are comparable across sites and over time requires a clear understanding of how instrument characteristics and environmental conditions affect the measurements. In particular, the effects of water temperature and light attenuation by both colored dissolved material and suspended particles may be significant in settings such as rivers and streams. Using natural standard reference materials, we characterized the performance of four commercially-available FDOM sensors under controlled laboratory conditions over ranges of temperature, dissolved organic matter (DOM) concentrations, and turbidity that spanned typical environmental ranges. We also examined field data from several major rivers to assess how often attenuation artifacts or temperature effects might be important. We found that raw (uncorrected) FDOM values were strongly affected by the light attenuation that results from dissolved substances and suspended particles as well as by water temperature. Observed effects of light attenuation and temperature agreed well with theory. Our results show that correction of measured FDOM values to account for these effects is necessary and feasible over much of the range of temperature, DOM concentration, and turbidity commonly encountered in surface waters. In most cases, collecting high-quality FDOM measurements that are comparable through time and between sites will require concurrent measurements of temperature and turbidity, and periodic discrete sample collection for laboratory measurement of DOM.","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Limnology and Oceanography","doi":"10.4319/lom.2012.10.767","usgsCitation":"Downing, B.D., Pellerin, B., Bergamaschi, B., Saraceno, J., and Kraus, T., 2012, Seeing the light: the effects of particles, dissolved materials, and temperature on in situ measurements of DOM fluorescence in rivers and streams: Limnology and Oceanography: Methods, v. 10, p. 767-775, https://doi.org/10.4319/lom.2012.10.767.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"767","endPage":"775","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-032741","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474329,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4319/lom.2012.10.767","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":286536,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286535,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lom.2012.10.767"}],"volume":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-10-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"535a326ee4b0d08644962750","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Downing, Bryan D. 0000-0002-2007-5304 bdowning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2007-5304","contributorId":1449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downing","given":"Bryan","email":"bdowning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pellerin, Brian A.","contributorId":58385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pellerin","given":"Brian A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bergamaschi, Brian A. 0000-0002-9610-5581","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":73241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"Brian A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Saraceno, John Franco 0000-0003-0064-1820","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0064-1820","contributorId":71686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saraceno","given":"John Franco","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kraus, Tamara E.C. 0000-0002-5187-8644","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5187-8644","contributorId":92410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraus","given":"Tamara E.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70169083,"text":"70169083 - 2012 - Movement patterns, habitat use, and survival of Lahontan cutthroat trout in the Truckee River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-16T12:28:23","indexId":"70169083","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-01T13:30:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Movement patterns, habitat use, and survival of Lahontan cutthroat trout in the Truckee River","docAbstract":"<div class=\"paragraph\">Habitat fragmentation, hybridization, and competition with nonnative salmonids are viewed as major threats to Lahontan cutthroat trout&nbsp;<i>Oncorhynchus clarkii henshawi</i>. Understanding Lahontan cutthroat trout behavior and survival is a necessary step in the reintroduction and establishment of naturally reproducing populations of Lahontan cutthroat trout. We used weekly radiotelemetry monitoring to examine movement patterns, habitat use, and apparent survival of 42 hatchery-reared Lahontan cutthroat trout in a 16.5-km stretch of the Truckee River, Nevada, across three reaches separated by barriers to upstream movement. We found differences in total movement distances and home range sizes of fish in different reaches within our study area. Fish used pool habitats more than fast water habitats in all reaches. Time of year, stream temperature, and fish standard length covariates had the strongest relationship with apparent survival. Monthly apparent survival was lowest in January, which coincided with the lowest flows and temperatures during the study period. Our results verify the mobility of Lahontan cutthroat trout and indicate that conditions during winter may limit the survival and reintroduction success in the portions of the Truckee River evaluated in this study.</div>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","doi":"10.1080/02755947.2012.711272","usgsCitation":"Alexiades, A.V., Peacock, M.M., and Al-Chokhachy, R.K., 2012, Movement patterns, habitat use, and survival of Lahontan cutthroat trout in the Truckee River: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 32, no. 5, p. 974-983, https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2012.711272.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"974","endPage":"983","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-034106","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318907,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Truckee River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.00778198242186,\n              39.467739810504796\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.00778198242186,\n              39.54455871988834\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.85225677490234,\n              39.54455871988834\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.85225677490234,\n              39.467739810504796\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.00778198242186,\n              39.467739810504796\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"32","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ea83b1e4b0f59b85d90d05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alexiades, Alexander V.","contributorId":167604,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alexiades","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":24773,"text":"Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 895","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":622829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peacock, Mary M.","contributorId":167605,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peacock","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":24774,"text":"Department of Natural Resources, College of Agriculture and Life","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":622830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Al-Chokhachy, Robert K. 0000-0002-2136-5098 ral-chokhachy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2136-5098","contributorId":1674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Al-Chokhachy","given":"Robert","email":"ral-chokhachy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70074266,"text":"70074266 - 2012 - Direct geoelectrical evidence of mass transfer at the laboratory scale","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-29T11:19:14","indexId":"70074266","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-01T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Direct geoelectrical evidence of mass transfer at the laboratory scale","docAbstract":"Previous field-scale experimental data and numerical modeling suggest that the dual-domain mass transfer (DDMT) of electrolytic tracers has an observable geoelectrical signature. Here we present controlled laboratory experiments confirming the electrical signature of DDMT and demonstrate the use of time-lapse electrical measurements in conjunction with concentration measurements to estimate the parameters controlling DDMT, i.e., the mobile and immobile porosity and rate at which solute exchanges between mobile and immobile domains. We conducted column tracer tests on unconsolidated quartz sand and a material with a high secondary porosity: the zeolite clinoptilolite. During NaCl tracer tests we collected nearly colocated bulk direct-current electrical conductivity (σ<sub>b</sub>) and fluid conductivity (σ<sub>f</sub>) measurements. Our results for the zeolite show (1) extensive tailing and (2) a hysteretic relation between σ<sub>f</sub> and σ<sub>b</sub>, thus providing evidence of mass transfer not observed within the quartz sand. To identify best-fit parameters and evaluate parameter sensitivity, we performed over 2700 simulations of σ<sub>f</sub>, varying the immobile and mobile domain and mass transfer rate. We emphasized the fit to late-time tailing by minimizing the Box-Cox power transformed root-mean square error between the observed and simulated σ<sub>f</sub>. Low-field proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements provide an independent quantification of the volumes of the mobile and immobile domains. The best-fit parameters based on σ<sub>f</sub> match the NMR measurements of the immobile and mobile domain porosities and provide the first direct electrical evidence for DDMT. Our results underscore the potential of using electrical measurements for DDMT parameter inference.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2012WR012431","usgsCitation":"Swanson, R.D., Singha, K., Day-Lewis, F.D., Binley, A., Keating, K., and Haggerty, R., 2012, Direct geoelectrical evidence of mass transfer at the laboratory scale: Water Resources Research, v. 48, no. 10, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2012WR012431.","productDescription":"10 p.","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-041013","costCenters":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281647,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281607,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012WR012431"}],"volume":"48","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-10-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5522e4b0b290850f625d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swanson, Ryan D.","contributorId":39284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Singha, Kamini","contributorId":76733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singha","given":"Kamini","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Day-Lewis, Frederick D. 0000-0003-3526-886X daylewis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3526-886X","contributorId":1672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day-Lewis","given":"Frederick","email":"daylewis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Binley, Andrew","contributorId":83022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Binley","given":"Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Keating, Kristina","contributorId":34018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keating","given":"Kristina","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Haggerty, Roy","contributorId":102631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haggerty","given":"Roy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70246396,"text":"70246396 - 2012 - Culverts in paved roads as suitable passages for neotropical fish species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-06T14:49:21.59066","indexId":"70246396","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-01T09:28:33","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2852,"text":"Neotropical Ichthyology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Culverts in paved roads as suitable passages for neotropical fish species","docAbstract":"<p><span>Improperly installed or poorly maintained culverts can pose a serious threat to fish by disrupting their habitat and endangering spawning success. Road culverts that are not designed for fish passage frequently can become obstacles. This can be especially problematic for migratory species, but can lead to fragmentation of resident populations as well. This study evaluated 40 culverts of 29 sites within a 25-km radius from Toledo city, Paraná State, southern Brazil, with respect to their likely effects on movement of the local ichthyofauna. We collected data on the shape and length of culverts, culvert material, waterfall height, water column depth, slope, and estimated flow velocity. Culverts were categorized by level of barrier risk for upstream migration: high, medium, low, and impassable, as well as the type of barrier posed (fall height, depth, length and velocity). Most of culverts analyzed were considered potential barriers to fish movement, with 45% classified as impassible, 45% as high risk, 10% as medium risk, and no culverts as low risk. Brazilian culverts as fishways will require additional monitoring and studies to corroborate the premises proposed in the present study. Road culvert projects that are properly built and maintained will be able to simultaneously improve function of roadways and protect fish populations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Sociedade Brasileira de Ictiologia","doi":"10.1590/S1679-62252012000400009","usgsCitation":"Makrakis, S., Castro-Santos, T.R., Makrakis, M.C., Wagner, R.L., and Spagnolo Adames, M., 2012, Culverts in paved roads as suitable passages for neotropical fish species: Neotropical Ichthyology, v. 10, no. 4, p. 763-770, https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-62252012000400009.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"763","endPage":"770","ipdsId":"IP-042530","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474333,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s1679-62252012000400009","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":418709,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Brazil","state":"Parana","city":"Toledo","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -53.73722826206944,\n              -24.271513067161045\n            ],\n            [\n              -53.78545182249215,\n              -24.27366502369776\n            ],\n            [\n              -53.83321585975374,\n              -24.280100386280562\n            ],\n            [\n              -53.88006509281295,\n              -24.290757823249916\n            ],\n            [\n              -53.9255526906528,\n              -24.305535745043105\n            ],\n            [\n              -53.96924441186295,\n              -24.324293243621124\n            ],\n            [\n              -54.01072264201423,\n              -24.34685139693121\n            ],\n            [\n              -54.0495902952831,\n              -24.372994927719958\n            ],\n            [\n              -54.08547454726437,\n              -24.40247420303126\n            ],\n            [\n              -54.11803036654413,\n              -24.435007557798965\n            ],\n            [\n              -54.146943813416264,\n              -24.470283923091618\n            ],\n            [\n              -54.17193507513923,\n              -24.507965736801616\n            ],\n            [\n              -54.192761208373454,\n              -24.547692111912756\n            ],\n            [\n              -54.20921856094435,\n              -24.589082234948343\n            ],\n            [\n              -54.22114484687205,\n              -24.6317389648203\n            ],\n            [\n              -54.22842085072536,\n              -24.67525260009236\n            ],\n            [\n              -54.230971739821626,\n              -24.719204780666118\n            ],\n            [\n              -54.22876796562795,\n              -24.763172488127\n            ],\n            [\n              -54.2218257389364,\n              -24.80673210747971\n            ],\n            [\n              -54.21020706699338,\n              -24.84946351179335\n            ],\n            [\n              -54.194019344754665,\n              -24.8909541303986\n            ],\n            [\n              -54.17341449679401,\n              -24.930802960766183\n            ],\n            [\n              -54.14858767108091,\n              -24.968624484079772\n            ],\n            [\n              -54.11977549081399,\n              -25.004052444825348\n            ],\n            [\n              -54.08725387568305,\n              -25.036743455477087\n            ],\n            [\n              -54.0513354492576,\n              -25.066380388585205\n            ],\n            [\n              -54.0123665545659,\n              -25.092675520274042\n            ],\n            [\n              -53.970723905231075,\n              -25.115373391339958\n            ],\n            [\n              -53.92681090465599,\n              -25.13425335479065\n            ],\n            [\n              -53.88105367057533,\n              -25.149131781769736\n            ],\n            [\n              -53.833896806705106,\n              -25.159863901333008\n            ],\n            [\n              -53.785798967099375,\n              -25.166345253443627\n            ],\n            [\n              -53.73722826206944,\n              -25.16851273878025\n            ],\n            [\n              -53.68865755703951,\n              -25.166345253443627\n            ],\n            [\n              -53.64055971743379,\n              -25.159863901333008\n            ],\n            [\n              -53.59340285356357,\n              -25.149131781769736\n            ],\n            [\n              -53.547645619482914,\n              -25.13425335479065\n            ],\n            [\n              -53.50373261890782,\n              -25.115373391339958\n            ],\n            [\n              -53.46208996957299,\n              -25.092675520274042\n            ],\n            [\n              -53.423121074881294,\n              -25.066380388585205\n            ],\n            [\n              -53.38720264845585,\n              -25.036743455477087\n            ],\n            [\n              -53.3546810333249,\n              -25.004052444825348\n            ],\n            [\n              -53.32586885305798,\n              -24.968624484079772\n            ],\n            [\n              -53.301042027344884,\n              -24.930802960766183\n            ],\n            [\n              -53.28043717938423,\n              -24.8909541303986\n            ],\n            [\n              -53.26424945714552,\n              -24.84946351179335\n            ],\n            [\n              -53.25263078520249,\n              -24.80673210747971\n            ],\n            [\n              -53.24568855851094,\n              -24.763172488127\n            ],\n            [\n              -53.24348478431727,\n              -24.719204780666118\n            ],\n            [\n              -53.24603567341353,\n              -24.67525260009236\n            ],\n            [\n              -53.253311677266844,\n              -24.6317389648203\n            ],\n            [\n              -53.265237963194544,\n              -24.589082234948343\n            ],\n            [\n              -53.28169531576544,\n              -24.547692111912756\n            ],\n            [\n              -53.30252144899966,\n              -24.507965736801616\n            ],\n            [\n              -53.32751271072263,\n              -24.470283923091618\n            ],\n            [\n              -53.356426157594754,\n              -24.435007557798965\n            ],\n            [\n              -53.38898197687452,\n              -24.40247420303126\n            ],\n            [\n              -53.42486622885579,\n              -24.372994927719958\n            ],\n            [\n              -53.463733882124664,\n              -24.34685139693121\n            ],\n            [\n              -53.50521211227594,\n              -24.324293243621124\n            ],\n            [\n              -53.548903833486094,\n              -24.305535745043105\n            ],\n            [\n              -53.594391431325946,\n              -24.290757823249916\n            ],\n            [\n              -53.64124066438515,\n              -24.280100386280562\n            ],\n            [\n              -53.689004701646745,\n              -24.27366502369776\n            ],\n            [\n              -53.73722826206944,\n              -24.271513067161045\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Makrakis, Sergio","contributorId":95349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Makrakis","given":"Sergio","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":876969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Castro-Santos, Theodore R. 0000-0003-2575-9120 tcastrosantos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2575-9120","contributorId":3321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castro-Santos","given":"Theodore","email":"tcastrosantos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":876970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Makrakis, Maristela Cavicchioli","contributorId":90208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Makrakis","given":"Maristela","email":"","middleInitial":"Cavicchioli","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":876971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wagner, Ricardo Luiz","contributorId":92166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Ricardo","email":"","middleInitial":"Luiz","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":876972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Spagnolo Adames, Mauricio","contributorId":315762,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spagnolo Adames","given":"Mauricio","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":876973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70043946,"text":"70043946 - 2012 - Effect of incubation temperature on post-embryonic survival and growth of steelhead in a natural stream and a hatchery (Study sites: Dworshak Hatchery and North Fork Palouse River; Stocks: Dworshak hatchery; Year classes: 1994 and 1995)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-21T15:25:47.834681","indexId":"70043946","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-01T05:15:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"5","title":"Effect of incubation temperature on post-embryonic survival and growth of steelhead in a natural stream and a hatchery (Study sites: Dworshak Hatchery and North Fork Palouse River; Stocks: Dworshak hatchery; Year classes: 1994 and 1995)","docAbstract":"<div data-canvas-width=\"723.4696\">\n<p>We tested whether varying incubation temperatures to match development between embryos from different spawning dates affected survival and growth of unfed steelhead <i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i> fry released in a stream and in hatchery ponds. Hatchery steelhead returning to the Clearwater River, Idaho were artificially spawned on two dates separated by a four week interval. Progeny from the early date (ExE, from early males and early females) were incubated in chilled (7&deg;C) water and those from the late date (LxL) in ambient (12&deg;C) water until developmental stage matched. A third group, created by fertilizing eggs from late females with cryopreserved milt from early males (ExL), was included to control for any genetic differences between early and late returning adults. Survival in the stream to 3 and 15 months after release was similar among crosses. Survival in the hatchery to near the end of the standard one year rearing period was similar among crosses for one of two year - classes but different for the other; however, it was difficult to ascribe the differences (ExL&gt;ExE; LxL intermediate but closer to ExE) to incubation temperature differences. We conclude that there was little if any effect of incubation temperature on survival. Length of juveniles of one year - class differed among crosses in the stream and in the hatchery. Length of the other year - class differed among crosses in one pond at the hatchery but not in the other pond or in the stream. When length differed the pattern was always the same: ExE&gt;LxL; ExL intermediate but closer to LxL. We speculate that incubation temperature may have affected growth of juveniles, and in particular that a longer period of incubation in chilled water may have caused fast juvenile growth relative to a shorter incubation period in ambient water.</p>\n</div>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Genetic differences in growth, migration, and survival between hatchery and wild steelhead and Chinook salmon: Final report. Performance period: June 1991 to December 2005","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","usgsCitation":"Rubin, S.P., Reisenbichler, R.R., Wetzel, L.A., Stenberg, K.D., and Baker, B.M., 2012, Effect of incubation temperature on post-embryonic survival and growth of steelhead in a natural stream and a hatchery (Study sites: Dworshak Hatchery and North Fork Palouse River; Stocks: Dworshak hatchery; Year classes: 1994 and 1995), chap. 5 <i>of</i> Genetic differences in growth, migration, and survival between hatchery and wild steelhead and Chinook salmon: Final report. Performance period: June 1991 to December 2005, p. 186-201.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"186","endPage":"201","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-026907","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320953,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":385255,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.cbfish.org/Document.mvc/Viewer/P129072"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Washington","city":"Ahsahka","otherGeospatial":"Clearwater River, North Fork Palouse River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.34092330932617,\n              46.49573342735796\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.31723403930664,\n              46.49573342735796\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.31723403930664,\n              46.51133004806836\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.34092330932617,\n              46.51133004806836\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.34092330932617,\n              46.49573342735796\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.38592529296874,\n              46.68336307047754\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.14996337890625,\n              46.68336307047754\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.14996337890625,\n              47.2288945564232\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.38592529296874,\n              47.2288945564232\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.38592529296874,\n              46.68336307047754\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"572b1d30e4b0b13d391b447e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Rubin, Stephen P. 0000-0003-3054-7173","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3054-7173","contributorId":38037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628719,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reisenbichler, Reginald R.","contributorId":20623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reisenbichler","given":"Reginald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628720,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wetzel, Lisa A. 0000-0003-3178-9940 lwetzel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3178-9940","contributorId":3016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wetzel","given":"Lisa","email":"lwetzel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628721,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hayes, Michael C. 0000-0002-9060-0565 mhayes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9060-0565","contributorId":3017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Michael","email":"mhayes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628722,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Rubin, Stephen P. 0000-0003-3054-7173","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3054-7173","contributorId":38037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":516977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Reisenbichler, Reginald R.","contributorId":20623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reisenbichler","given":"Reginald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wetzel, Lisa A. 0000-0003-3178-9940 lwetzel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3178-9940","contributorId":3016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wetzel","given":"Lisa","email":"lwetzel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stenberg, Karl D. 0000-0001-9802-2707 kstenberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9802-2707","contributorId":3747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stenberg","given":"Karl","email":"kstenberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Baker, Bruce M. bakerb@usgs.gov","contributorId":116696,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baker","given":"Bruce","email":"bakerb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70039757,"text":"70039757 - 2012 - Temperature as a potent driver of regional forest drought stress and tree mortality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-23T14:38:39","indexId":"70039757","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2841,"text":"Nature Climate Change","onlineIssn":"1758-6798","printIssn":"1758-678X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temperature as a potent driver of regional forest drought stress and tree mortality","docAbstract":"<p>s the climate changes, drought may reduce tree productivity and survival across many forest ecosystems; however, the relative influence of specific climate parameters on forest decline is poorly understood. We derive a forest drought-stress index (FDSI) for the southwestern United States using a comprehensive tree-ring data set representing AD 1000-2007. The FDSI is approximately equally influenced by the warm-season vapour-pressure deficit (largely controlled by temperature) and cold-season precipitation, together explaining 82% of the FDSI variability. Correspondence between the FDSI and measures of forest productivity, mortality, bark-beetle outbreak and wildfire validate the FDSI as a holistic forest-vigour indicator. If the vapour-pressure deficit continues increasing as projected by climate models, the mean forest drought-stress by the 2050s will exceed that of the most severe droughts in the past 1,000 years. Collectively, the results foreshadow twenty-first-century changes in forest structures and compositions, with transition of forests in the southwestern United States, and perhaps water-limited forests globally, towards distributions unfamiliar to modern civilization.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","doi":"10.1038/nclimate1693","usgsCitation":"Williams, A.P., Allen, C.D., Macalady, A.K., Griffin, D., Woodhouse, C.A., Meko, D.M., Swetnam, T.W., Rauscher, S.A., Seager, R., Grissino-Mayer, H.D., Dean, J.S., Cook, E.R., Gangodagamage, C., Cai, M., and McDowell, N., 2012, Temperature as a potent driver of regional forest drought stress and tree mortality: Nature Climate Change, v. 3, p. 292-297, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1693.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"292","endPage":"297","ipdsId":"IP-040354","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474335,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-b9ec-8z87","text":"External Repository"},{"id":268101,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"512b44c5e4b0523e997a81e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, A. Park","contributorId":200207,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Park","affiliations":[{"id":27369,"text":"Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory at Columbia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":725628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, Craig D. 0000-0002-8777-5989 craig_allen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-5989","contributorId":2597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"craig_allen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":725629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Macalady, Alison K.","contributorId":69855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macalady","given":"Alison","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Griffin, Daniel","contributorId":69026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Woodhouse, Connie A.","contributorId":187601,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woodhouse","given":"Connie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":32413,"text":"University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, 85721","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":725632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Meko, David M.","contributorId":145887,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meko","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6624,"text":"University of Arizona, Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":725633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Swetnam, Thomas W.","contributorId":191872,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swetnam","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rauscher, Sara A.","contributorId":47653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rauscher","given":"Sara","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Seager, Richard","contributorId":102758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seager","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Grissino-Mayer, Henri D.","contributorId":88624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grissino-Mayer","given":"Henri","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Dean, Jeffrey S.","contributorId":39258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Cook, Edward R.","contributorId":37611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Gangodagamage, Chandana","contributorId":60922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gangodagamage","given":"Chandana","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Cai, Michael","contributorId":52848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cai","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"McDowell, Nathan G.","contributorId":9176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDowell","given":"Nathan G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}}
,{"id":70040124,"text":"ofr20121206 - 2012 - Evaluation of simulations to understand effects of groundwater development and artificial recharge on the surface water and riparian vegetation Sierra Vista subwatershed, Upper San Pedro Basin, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-10T17:16:12","indexId":"ofr20121206","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1206","title":"Evaluation of simulations to understand effects of groundwater development and artificial recharge on the surface water and riparian vegetation Sierra Vista subwatershed, Upper San Pedro Basin, Arizona","docAbstract":"In 2007, the U.S. Geological Survey documented a five-layer groundwater flow model of the Sierra Vista and Sonoran subwatersheds of the Upper San Pedro Basin. The model has been applied by a private consultant to evaluate the effects of projected groundwater pumping through 2105 and effects of artificial recharge at three near-stream sites for 2012-2111. The main concern regarding simulations of long-term groundwater pumping is the effect of artificial model boundaries on modeled response, particularly for pumping near Cananea, Sonora, Mexico, which is adjacent to an artificial no-flow boundary. Concerns regarding the simulations of the effects of artificial recharge near streams include the resolution of the model and the representation of the model properties at the site scale; a possible limited ability of the model to correctly apportion recharge response between increased streamflow and increased evapotranspiration; a limited ability of the model to simulate detailed geometries of artificial recharge areas and evapotranspiration areas; and stream locations with the 820-foot grid spacing of the basin-scale model. In spite of these concerns, use of the U.S. Geological Survey five-layer groundwater flow model by the consultant are reasonable and valid.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121206","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Sierra Vista","usgsCitation":"Leake, S.A., and Gungle, B., 2012, Evaluation of simulations to understand effects of groundwater development and artificial recharge on the surface water and riparian vegetation Sierra Vista subwatershed, Upper San Pedro Basin, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1206, vi, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121206.","productDescription":"vi, 11 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262179,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1206.gif"},{"id":262177,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1206/of2012-1206.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":262178,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1206/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator, Zone 12","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"Mexico;United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Sonora","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110.8000,29.4900 ], [ -110.8000,33.4300 ], [ -109.0500,33.4300 ], [ -109.0500,29.4900 ], [ -110.8000,29.4900 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50788d2fe4b0cfc2d59f5a77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leake, Stanley A. 0000-0003-3568-2542 saleake@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3568-2542","contributorId":1846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leake","given":"Stanley","email":"saleake@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gungle, Bruce 0000-0001-6406-1206","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6406-1206","contributorId":40176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gungle","given":"Bruce","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70155227,"text":"70155227 - 2012 - Determining the source and genetic fingerprint of natural gases using noble gas geochemistry: a northern Appalachian Basin case study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-05T11:20:15","indexId":"70155227","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":605,"text":"AAPG Bulletin","printIssn":"0149-1423","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determining the source and genetic fingerprint of natural gases using noble gas geochemistry: a northern Appalachian Basin case study","docAbstract":"<p><span>Silurian and Devonian natural gas reservoirs present within New York state represent an example of unconventional gas accumulations within the northern Appalachian Basin. These unconventional energy resources, previously thought to be noneconomically viable, have come into play following advances in drilling (i.e., horizontal drilling) and extraction (i.e., hydraulic fracturing) capabilities. Therefore, efforts to understand these and other domestic and global natural gas reserves have recently increased. The suspicion of fugitive mass migration issues within current Appalachian production fields has catalyzed the need to develop a greater understanding of the genetic grouping (source) and migrational history of natural gases in this area. We introduce new noble gas data in the context of published hydrocarbon carbon (C</span><span>1</span><span>,C</span><span>2+</span><span>) (</span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/DELTA1.JPG\" alt=\"delta\" /><span>13</span><span>C) data to explore the genesis of thermogenic gases in the Appalachian Basin. This study includes natural gases from two distinct genetic groups: group 1, Upper Devonian (Marcellus shale and Canadaway Group) gases generated in situ, characterized by early mature (</span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/DELTA2.JPG\" alt=\"Delta\" /><span>13</span><span>C[</span><span>C1&nbsp;<img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/MINUS.JPG\" alt=\"minus\" />&nbsp;C2</span><span>][</span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/DELTA1.JPG\" alt=\"delta\" /><span>13</span><span>C</span><span>1</span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/MINUS.JPG\" alt=\"minus\" /><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/DELTA1.JPG\" alt=\"delta\" /><span>13</span><span>C</span><span>2</span><span>]:&nbsp;</span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/LT.JPG\" alt=\"lt\" /><span>&ndash;9</span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/PERMIL.JPG\" alt=\"permil\" /><span>), isotopically light methane, with low (</span><span>4</span><span>He) (average, 1&nbsp;</span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/TIMES.JPG\" alt=\"times\" /><span>&nbsp;10</span><span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/MINUS.JPG\" alt=\"minus\" />3</span><span>&nbsp;cc/cc) elevated&nbsp;</span><span>4</span><span>He/</span><span>40</span><span>Ar</span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/AST.JPG\" alt=\"ast\" align=\"ABSMIDDLE\" /><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><span>21</span><span>Ne</span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/AST.JPG\" alt=\"ast\" align=\"ABSMIDDLE\" /><span>/</span><span>40</span><span>Ar</span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/AST.JPG\" alt=\"ast\" align=\"ABSMIDDLE\" /><span>&nbsp;(where the asterisk denotes excess radiogenic or nucleogenic production beyond the atmospheric ratio), and a variable, atmospherically (air-saturated&ndash;water) derived noble gas component; and group 2, a migratory natural gas that emanated from Lower Ordovician source rocks (i.e., most likely, Middle Ordovician Trenton or Black River group) that is currently hosted primarily in Lower Silurian sands (i.e., Medina or Clinton group) characterized by isotopically heavy, mature methane (</span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/DELTA2.JPG\" alt=\"Delta\" /><span>13</span><span>C</span><span>[C1 &ndash; C2]</span><span>&nbsp;[</span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/DELTA1.JPG\" alt=\"delta\" /><span>13</span><span>C</span><span>1</span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/MINUS.JPG\" alt=\"minus\" /><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/DELTA1.JPG\" alt=\"delta\" /><span>13</span><span>C</span><span>2</span><span>]:&nbsp;</span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/GT.JPG\" alt=\"gt\" /><span>3</span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/PERMIL.JPG\" alt=\"permil\" /><span>), with high (</span><span>4</span><span>He) (average, 1.85&nbsp;</span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/TIMES.JPG\" alt=\"times\" /><span>&nbsp;10</span><span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/MINUS.JPG\" alt=\"minus\" />3</span><span>&nbsp;cc/cc)&nbsp;</span><span>4</span><span>He/</span><span>40</span><span>Ar</span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/AST.JPG\" alt=\"ast\" align=\"ABSMIDDLE\" /><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><span>21</span><span>Ne</span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/AST.JPG\" alt=\"ast\" align=\"ABSMIDDLE\" /><span>/</span><span>40</span><span>Ar</span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/AST.JPG\" alt=\"ast\" align=\"ABSMIDDLE\" /><span>&nbsp;near crustal production levels and elevated crustal noble gas content (enriched&nbsp;</span><span>4</span><span>He,</span><span>21</span><span>Ne</span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/AST.JPG\" alt=\"ast\" align=\"ABSMIDDLE\" /><span>,&nbsp;</span><span>40</span><span>Ar</span><img src=\"http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2012/10oct/BLTN11093/IMAGES/AST.JPG\" alt=\"ast\" align=\"ABSMIDDLE\" /><span>). Because the release of each crustal noble gas (i.e., He, Ne, Ar) from mineral grains in the shale matrix is regulated by temperature, natural gases obtain and retain a record of the thermal conditions of the source rock. Therefore, noble gases constitute a valuable technique for distinguishing the genetic source and post-genetic processes of natural gases.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/03161211093","usgsCitation":"Hunt, A.G., Darrah, T.H., and Poreda, R.J., 2012, Determining the source and genetic fingerprint of natural gases using noble gas geochemistry: a northern Appalachian Basin case study: AAPG Bulletin, v. 96, no. 10, p. 1785-1811, https://doi.org/10.1306/03161211093.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"1785","endPage":"1811","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-035235","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306427,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New  York","otherGeospatial":"Appalachian Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -79.771728515625,\n              41.9921602333763\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.771728515625,\n              44.645208223744035\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.640869140625,\n              44.645208223744035\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.640869140625,\n              41.9921602333763\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.771728515625,\n              41.9921602333763\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"96","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55c333abe4b033ef52106a87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunt, Andrew G. 0000-0002-3810-8610 ahunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3810-8610","contributorId":1582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Andrew","email":"ahunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Darrah, Thomas H.","contributorId":145769,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Darrah","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Poreda, Robert J.","contributorId":37797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poreda","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70040089,"text":"sir20125163 - 2012 - Description of 2005-10 domestic water use for selected U.S. cities and guidance for estimating domestic water use","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-09-28T17:16:19","indexId":"sir20125163","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5163","title":"Description of 2005-10 domestic water use for selected U.S. cities and guidance for estimating domestic water use","docAbstract":"Domestic water-use and related socioeconomic and climatic data for 2005-10 were used in an analysis of 21 selected U.S. cities to describe recent domestic per capita water use, investigate variables that potentially affect domestic water use, and provide guidance for estimating domestic water use. Domestic water use may be affected by a combination of several factors. Domestic per capita water use for the selected cities ranged from a median annual average of 43 to 177 gallons per capita per day (gpcd). In terms of year-to-year variability in domestic per capita water use for the selected cities, the difference from the median ranged from &plusmn; 7 to &plusmn; 26 percent with an overall median variability of &plusmn; 14 percent. As a percentage of total annual water use, median annual domestic water use for the selected cities ranged from 33 to 71 percent with an overall median of 57 percent. Monthly production and water sales data were used to calculate daily per capita water use rates for the lowest 3 consecutive months (low-3) and the highest 3 consecutive months (high-3) of usage. Median low-3 domestic per capita water use for 16 selected cities ranged from 40 to 100 gpcd. Median high-3 domestic per capita water use for 16 selected cities ranged from 53 to 316 gpcd. In general, the median domestic water use as a percentage of the median total water use for 16 selected cities was similar for the low-3 and high-3 periods. Statistical analyses of combined data for the selected cities indicated that none of the socioeconomic variables, including cost of water, were potentially useful as determinants of domestic water use at the national level. However, specific socioeconomic variables may be useful for the estimation of domestic water use at the State or local level. Different socioeconomic variables may be useful in different States. Statistical analyses indicated that specific climatic variables may be useful for the estimation of domestic water use for some, but not all, of the selected cities. National average public supply per capita water use declined from 185 gpcd in 1990 to 171 gpcd in 2005. National average domestic delivery per capita water use declined from 105 gpcd in 1990 to 99 gpcd in 2005. Average State domestic delivery per capita water use ranged from 51 to 189 gpcd in 2005. The average annual total per capita water use in 19 selected cities that provided data for each year declined from 167 gpcd in 2006 to 145 gpcd in 2010. During this time period, average per capita water use measured during the low-3 period each year declined from 115 to 102 gpcd, and average per capita use measured during the high-3 period declined from 250 to 211 gpcd. Continued collection of data on water deliveries to domestic populations, as well as updated estimates of the population served by these deliveries, is recommended for determination of regional and temporal trends in domestic per capita water use. Declines in various measures of per capita water use have been observed in recent years for several States with municipal water use data-collection programs. Domestic self-supplied water use historically has not been metered. Estimates of self-supplied domestic water use are made using estimates of the population that is not served by public water suppliers and per capita coefficients. For 2005, the average State domestic self-supplied per capita use in the United States ranged from 50 to 206 gpcd. The median domestic self-supplied per capita use was 76 gpcd for States in which standard coefficients were used, and 98 gpcd for States in which coefficients were based on domestic deliveries from public supply. In specific areas with scarce resources or increasing numbers of households with private wells, an assessment of domestic water use may require metering of households or development of more specific per capita coefficients to estimate water demand.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125163","usgsCitation":"Kenny, J., and Juracek, K.E., 2012, Description of 2005-10 domestic water use for selected U.S. cities and guidance for estimating domestic water use: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5163, v, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125163.","productDescription":"v, 31 p.","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262134,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5163/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262135,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5163/sir12_5163.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":262141,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5163.gif"}],"country":"United States","state":"California;Kansas;Mississippi;Montana;Texas;Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.4,25.833333333333332 ], [ -124.4,49 ], [ -86.81666666666666,49 ], [ -86.81666666666666,25.833333333333332 ], [ -124.4,25.833333333333332 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5066250fe4b053bff18e1bec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kenny, Joan F.","contributorId":69132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kenny","given":"Joan F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Juracek, Kyle E. 0000-0002-2102-8980 kjuracek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2102-8980","contributorId":2022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juracek","given":"Kyle","email":"kjuracek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}