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J.","contributorId":80767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rongstad, O.J.","contributorId":39475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rongstad","given":"O.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5210286,"text":"5210286 - 1981 - Metals and terrestrial earthworms (Annelida: Oligochaeta)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:14","indexId":"5210286","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Metals and terrestrial earthworms (Annelida: Oligochaeta)","docAbstract":"The toxicity of metals to earthworms and the residues of metals found in earthworms are reviewed. Meta 1 concentrations are rarely high enough to be toxic to worms, but copper may reduce populations in orchards heavily treated with fungicides and in soil contaminated with pig wastes. The metals in some industrial sewage sludges may interfere with using sludge in vermiculture. Storage ratios (the concentration of a metal in worms divided by the concentration in soil) tend to be highest in infertile soil and lowest in media rich in organic matter, such as sewage sludge. Cadmium, gold, and selenium are highly concentrated by worms. Lead concentrations in worms may be very high, but are generally lower than concentrations in soil.  Body burdens of both copper and zinc seem to be regulated by worms. Because worms are part of the food webs of many wildlife species, and also because they are potentially valuable feed supplements for domestic animals, the possible toxic effects of cadmium and other metals should be studied. Worms can make metals more available to food webs and can redistribute them in soil.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Workshop on the Role of Earthworms in the Stabilization of Organic Residues, Proceedings, Volume 1.  ","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Beech Leaf Press","publisherLocation":"Kalamazoo, Michigan","usgsCitation":"Beyer, W., 1981, Metals and terrestrial earthworms (Annelida: Oligochaeta), chap. <i>of</i> Workshop on the Role of Earthworms in the Stabilization of Organic Residues, Proceedings, Volume 1.  , p. 137-150.","productDescription":"xxv, 315","startPage":"137","endPage":"150","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201154,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4fe4b07f02db628750","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beyer, W. N. 0000-0002-8911-9141","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8911-9141","contributorId":55379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beyer","given":"W. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70010310,"text":"70010310 - 1981 - Natural occurrence and significance of fluids indicating high pressure and temperature","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-18T15:49:15.067889","indexId":"70010310","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3067,"text":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Natural occurrence and significance of fluids indicating high pressure and temperature","docAbstract":"<p><span>Most natural minerals have formed from a fluid phase such as a silicate melt or a saline aqueous solution. Fluid inclusions are tiny volumes of such fluids that were trapped within the growing crystals. These inclusions can provide valuable but sometimes ambiguous data on the temperature, pressure, and composition of these fluids, many of which are not available from any other source. They also provide “visual autoclaves” in which it is possible to watch, through the microscope, the actual phase changes take place as the inclusions are heated.</span></p><p><span>This paper reviews the methods of study and the results obtained, mainly on inclusions formed from highly concentrated solutions, at temperatures ≥500°C. Many such fluids have formed as a result of immiscibility with silicate melt in igneous or high-temperature metamorphic rocks. These include fluids consisting of CO<sub>2</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>O, or hydrosaline melts that were &lt;50% H<sub>2</sub>O. From the fluid inclusion evidence it is clear that a boiling, very hot, very saline fluid was present during the formation of most of the porphyry copper deposits in the world. Similarly, from the inclusion evidence it is clear that early (common) pegmatites formed from essentially silicate melts and that the late, rare-element-bearing and chamber-type pegmatites formed from a hydrosaline melt or a more dilute water solution. The evidence on whether this change in composition from early to late solutions was generally continuous or involved immiscibility is not as clear.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0079-1946(81)90004-5","issn":"00791946","usgsCitation":"Roedder, E., 1981, Natural occurrence and significance of fluids indicating high pressure and temperature: Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, v. 13-14, p. 9-39, https://doi.org/10.1016/0079-1946(81)90004-5.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"9","endPage":"39","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219604,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13-14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6348e4b0c8380cd723db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roedder, E.","contributorId":100986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roedder","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":31076,"text":"ofr81408 - 1981 - Preliminary water-quality assessment of the upper White River near Indianapolis, Marion County, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-09T15:40:32.483931","indexId":"ofr81408","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-408","title":"Preliminary water-quality assessment of the upper White River near Indianapolis, Marion County, Indiana","docAbstract":"<p>The White River Park Commission is planning the development of park facilities along the White River through Indianapolis. A key element in the planning is the determination of whether water quality of the river is suitable for recreation. A preliminary water-quality assessment of the river in Indianapolis on August 4-5, 1980, indicates that, during low-flow steady-state conditions, water quality of the river is suitable for partial body contact recreation (any contact with water up to, but not including, complete submergence). Dissolved-oxygen concentrations varied but were higher than the Indiana water-quality standards established to ensure conditions for the maintenance of a well-balanced, warm-water fish community. High fecal-coliform densities that have been observed in the White River during high stream-flow are probably caused by stormwater runoff from combined sewers. However, during the low-flow steady-state conditions on August 4-5, 1980, fecal coliform densities were within the Indiana standards for partial body contact recreation. Concentrations of organic matter (based on biochemical-oxygen demand and dissolved- and suspended-organic carbon concentrations), nutrients, and heavy metals in the White River were generally within the limits recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and were generally similar to values for other Indiana rivers. Chromium, copper, lead, zinc, and mercury are accumulating in bottom materials downstream from 30th Street (river mile 235.58). The source of these metals is probably stormwater runoff from combined sewer overflows. The phytoplankton densities of the White River were high (&gt;500 cells per milliliter). The dominant phytoplankton species are indicative of rivers moderately affected by organic wastes. The highest cell concentrations, upstream from dams on the White River, significantly affected dissolved-oxygen concentration and pH.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81408","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the White River Park Commission","usgsCitation":"Wangsness, D.J., Eikenberry, S.E., Wilber, W.G., and Crawford, C.G., 1981, Preliminary water-quality assessment of the upper White River near Indianapolis, Marion County, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-408, vii, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81408.","productDescription":"vii, 50 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":405024,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0408/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160734,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0408/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","county":"Marion County","city":"Indianapolis","otherGeospatial":"upper White River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -86.41845703124999,\n              39.61838363831915\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.88836669921874,\n              39.61838363831915\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.88836669921874,\n              39.9476478239225\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.41845703124999,\n              39.9476478239225\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.41845703124999,\n              39.61838363831915\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db669282","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wangsness, David J.","contributorId":81475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wangsness","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eikenberry, Stephen E.","contributorId":35309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eikenberry","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilber, William G. wgwilber@usgs.gov","contributorId":297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilber","given":"William","email":"wgwilber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":204847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crawford, Charles G. 0000-0003-1653-7841 cgcrawfo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1653-7841","contributorId":1064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"Charles","email":"cgcrawfo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":61117,"text":"mf1160D - 1981 - Map showing mineral resource potential of the Paiute Instant (Primitive) Study Area, Mohave County, Arizona","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":48533,"text":"ofr80984 - 1980 - Map showing mineral resource potential of the Paiute instant (primitive) study area, Mohave County, Arizona","indexId":"ofr80984","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"title":"Map showing mineral resource potential of the Paiute instant (primitive) study area, Mohave County, Arizona"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":61117,"text":"mf1160D - 1981 - Map showing mineral resource potential of the Paiute Instant (Primitive) Study Area, Mohave County, Arizona","indexId":"mf1160D","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"chapter":"D","title":"Map showing mineral resource potential of the Paiute Instant (Primitive) Study Area, Mohave County, Arizona"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-22T14:09:09","indexId":"mf1160D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1160","chapter":"D","title":"Map showing mineral resource potential of the Paiute Instant (Primitive) Study Area, Mohave County, Arizona","docAbstract":"<p>A geologic and geochemical investigation and a survey of the existing mines and prospects have been conducted to determine the mineral resource potential of the Paiute Instant (Primitive) Study Area, Mohave County, Ariz. The study area encompasses part of the Virgin Mountains and the Sullivans Canyon area. Precambrian metamorphic and igneous rocks are exposed in the core and are overlain by folded and faulted Paleozoic and Mesozoic quartzose and carbonate rocks. Mesozoic sedimentary rocks are overlain by Cenozoic volcanic and sedimentary units. The geochemical and mines and prospects survey indicates that the study area contains some mineral deposits that presently are not economically significant. Oil and gas has not been discovered in the area, and the resource potential is apparently nil or at best very low; any future oil and gas exploration would most likely be conducted outside the study area where favorable exploration localities exist. Other combustibles such as coal and oil shale are not known to occur in the study area. There is no evidence of geothermal activity or surficial radioactive mineralization.</p>\n<p>Several areas in the Paiute Instant Study Area are judged to have at best a low mineral potential. These include areas of copper, lead, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silver, tungsten, and zinc mineralization, as well as occurrences of dumortierite, beryllium, arsenic, barium, gypsum, gem minerals, sand, gravel, and limestone. The metallic deposits and dumortieri te, beryllium, and arsenic occur over small surface areas. Significant production has not resulted from mining activity in mineralized areas. Sand, gravel, limestone, gem minerals, gypsum, and barium occurrences are far from major markets. Currently, there are no active mining operations in the study area.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf1160D","usgsCitation":"Villalobos, H.A., and Hamm, L.W., 1981, Map showing mineral resource potential of the Paiute Instant (Primitive) Study Area, Mohave County, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1160, Report: 5 p.; Plate: 43.13 x 40.16 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1160D.","productDescription":"Report: 5 p.; Plate: 43.13 x 40.16 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":310535,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1160-D/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":310536,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1160-D/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":187416,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf1160D.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","county":"Mohave County","otherGeospatial":"Paiute Instant (Primitive) Study Area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.60937499999999,\n              35.02999636902566\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.60937499999999,\n              36.92793899776678\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.2965087890625,\n              36.92793899776678\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.2965087890625,\n              35.02999636902566\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.60937499999999,\n              35.02999636902566\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64af14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Villalobos, Hector A.","contributorId":71052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Villalobos","given":"Hector","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hamm, Louis W.","contributorId":59290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamm","given":"Louis","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":8563,"text":"ofr81679 - 1981 - Surface-water quality, Twin Ponies watershed, Pottawattamie and Mills Counties, Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-25T21:19:27.801147","indexId":"ofr81679","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-679","title":"Surface-water quality, Twin Ponies watershed, Pottawattamie and Mills Counties, Iowa","docAbstract":"<p>Existing surface-water quality in the Twin Ponies watershed is significantly affected by runoff from agricultural lands that comprise most of the area. Runoff effects include the addition of phosphate, organic nitrogen, fecal bacteria, trace metals, pesticides and notably suspended sediment to streaMflow, because runoff commonly is a transport mechanism for these constituents. Low-flow water quality generally is characterized by dissolvedoxygen concentrations near saturation, dissolved-solids concentrations of about 450 milligrams per liter, suspendedsediment concentrations less than 200 milligrams per liter, and a pH of 8.2. However~ samples collected during runoff contained biological and chemical concentrations 10 to 30 times greater than concentrations obtained from samples collected during periods of low flow. Suspended-sediment concentrations obtained during runoff ranged froM 1,000 to 7,000 milligrams per liter. Iowa Class \"B\" standards for dissolved oxygen, ammonia, fecal coliforms, chromium, copper, lead, and mercury in streams were exceeded in numerous samples collected during runoff.</p>\n<p>It is probable that the variations between constituent concentrations in samples collected during runoff and those collected during low flow will be similar after grade-stabilization structures have been constructed on streams and after land-treatment measures have been implemented in the watershed as proposed by the U.S. Soil Conservation Service. Grade-stabilization structures should reduce gully and channel erosion in the watershed by dissipating the erosive energy of streamflow during significant runoff. Land-treatment measures to be implemented in conjunction with the project would help reduce sediment yield to stream channels. With the impoundments~ a decrease in velocity of the in-flowing water should produce a decrease of both the suspended~sediment concentrations and the chemical and biological constituents associated with the suspended sediMent in the impounded water.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Iowa City","doi":"10.3133/ofr81679","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Soil Conservation Service","usgsCitation":"Detroy, M.G., 1981, Surface-water quality, Twin Ponies watershed, Pottawattamie and Mills Counties, Iowa: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-679, iv, 31 p.: map; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81679.","productDescription":"iv, 31 p.: map; 28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":405645,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_75527.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":264522,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0679/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":264521,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0679/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","county":"Mills County, Pottawattamie County","otherGeospatial":"Twin Ponies watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -95.82687377929688,\n              41.229023639486606\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.83099365234375,\n              41.22153522014608\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.82756042480469,\n           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,{"id":8532,"text":"ofr81919 - 1981 - Ground-water quality in the vicinity of landfill sites, southern Franklin County, Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:18","indexId":"ofr81919","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-919","title":"Ground-water quality in the vicinity of landfill sites, southern Franklin County, Ohio","docAbstract":"The hydrogeology and ground-water quality in the vicinity of five landfills in southern Franklin County, Ohio, were investigated by use of data obtained from 46 existing wells, 1 seep, 1 surface-water site, and 1 leachate-collection site. Interpretation was based on data from the wells, a potentiometric-surface map, and chemical analyses. Four of the five landfills are in abandoned sand and gravel pits. Pumping of water from a quarry near the landfills has modified the local ground-water flow pattern, increased the hydraulic gradient, and lowered the water table. Ground water unaffected by the landfills is a hard, calcium bicarbonate type with concentrations of dissolved iron and dissolved sulfate as great as 3.0 milligrams per liter and 200 milligrams per liter, respectively. Water sampled from wells downgradient from two landfills shows an increase in sodium, chloride, and other constituents. The change in water quality cannot be traced directly to the landfills, however, because of well location and the presence of other potential sources of contamination. Chemical analysis of leachate from a collection unit at one landfill shows significant amounts of zinc, chromium, copper, and nickel, in addition to high total organic carbon, biochemical oxygen demand, and organic nitrogen. Concentrations of chloride, iron, lead, manganese and phenolic compounds exceed Ohio Environmental Protection Agency Water Quality Standards for drinking water. Water from unaffected wells within the study area have relatively small amounts of these constituents. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81919","usgsCitation":"De Roche, J., and Razem, A., 1981, Ground-water quality in the vicinity of landfill sites, southern Franklin County, Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-919, iv, 19 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81919.","productDescription":"iv, 19 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":142796,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0919/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":36111,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0919/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db6671ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"De Roche, J.T.","contributorId":66691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Roche","given":"J.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Razem, A. C.","contributorId":34924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Razem","given":"A. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":60018,"text":"mf1290B - 1981 - Geochemical survey of Shining Rock Wilderness, Heywood County, North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-25T10:00:17","indexId":"mf1290B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1290","chapter":"B","title":"Geochemical survey of Shining Rock Wilderness, Heywood County, North Carolina","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) made a reconnaissance geochemical survey of the Shining Rock Wilderness (fig. 1) to test for unidentified or unexposed mineral deposits that might be recognized by their geochemical halos.&nbsp; Similar geochemical survey based on trace-element analyses have been credited with the discovery of many types of mineral deposits (Hawkes and Webb, 1962).&nbsp; Although no metallic mineral deposits are known in the study area, the same sequence of rocks that is exposed there contains small deposits of copper-bearing sulfides 10-18 mi (16-28 km) west and southwest of the wilderness (Gair and Slack, 1979).&nbsp; Keith (1907, p. 8) reports minor amounts of copper sulfides and iron sulfides in schist and in quartz veins cutting schist near Retreat, 4 mi (6.5 km) northwest of the wilderness.&nbsp; An old gold mine, the Boylston mine, on Forge Mountain 10 mi (16 km) east of the wilderness (Nitze and Hanna, 1896, p. 181-191) is in metasedimentary rocks of the Great Smoky Group (Hadley and Nelson, 1971) which are probably younger than the rocks exposed in the wilderness.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf1290B","usgsCitation":"Lesure, F.G., 1981, Geochemical survey of Shining Rock Wilderness, Heywood County, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1290, 42.00 x 55.52 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1290B.","productDescription":"42.00 x 55.52 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":358787,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1290-B/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":180348,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1290-B/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"0","country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","county":"Haywood County","otherGeospatial":"Shining Rock Wilderness","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.91666666666667,\n              35.333333333333336\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.91666666666667,\n              35.416666666666664\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.78416666666666,\n              35.416666666666664\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.78416666666666,\n              35.333333333333336\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.91666666666667,\n              35.333333333333336\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b20e4b07f02db6abb31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lesure, Frank G.","contributorId":20068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lesure","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":262999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":58526,"text":"mf1196C - 1981 - Map showing mineral-resource potential of the King Range and Chemise Mountain Instant Study Areas, Humboldt and Mendocino counties, California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":21955,"text":"ofr80814 - 1980 - Mineral resources of the King Range and Chemise Mountain Instant Wilderness Study Areas, Humboldt and Mendocino counties, California","indexId":"ofr80814","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"title":"Mineral resources of the King Range and Chemise Mountain Instant Wilderness Study Areas, Humboldt and Mendocino counties, California"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":58526,"text":"mf1196C - 1981 - Map showing mineral-resource potential of the King Range and Chemise Mountain Instant Study Areas, Humboldt and Mendocino counties, California","indexId":"mf1196C","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"Map showing mineral-resource potential of the King Range and Chemise Mountain Instant Study Areas, Humboldt and Mendocino counties, California"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-22T13:25:29","indexId":"mf1196C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1196","chapter":"C","title":"Map showing mineral-resource potential of the King Range and Chemise Mountain Instant Study Areas, Humboldt and Mendocino counties, California","docAbstract":"<p>The potential for economic development of energy-related or metallic mineral resources in the King Range and Chemise Mountain Instant Study Areas is low to moderate as indicated by geologic, geophysical, and geochemical investigations.</p>\n<p>No oil or gas seeps or coal seams were detected within the King Range or Chemise Mountain Study Area. The low porosity and permeability of the Franciscan sandstones that underlie these areas indicate a very low potential for oil or gas. The geothermal resource potential of these areas also is low.</p>\n<p>Minor manganese resources occur adjacent to the southeast corner of the King Range Instant Study Area near Queen Peak. The manganese forms small stratabound deposits associated with radiolarian chert and pillow basalt. The known deposits are too small and the manganese too low in concentration for further economic exploitation. Similar manganese mineralization may be within the belt of melange in the southeast corner of the King Range area and within the Chemise Mountain Instant Study Area, but economic deposits are unlikely.<br /> Although there has been historical base- and precious-metal exploration activity north of the King Range in the Mattole River drainage, our geologic and geochemical field data indicate almost no gold potential and low potentials for lead, zinc, copper, and silver. During this investigation, one high-grade vein and several minor veins containing lead, zinc, copper, and silver were discovered at Point Delgada immediately south of the King Range Instant Study Area. The vein mineralization is Miocene and cuts Cretaceous basalt flows, dikes, flow breccia, and younger overlying sedimentary rocks of the King Range. The vein mineralization at Point Delgada could be remobilized from more extensive unexposed stratabound base-metal mineralization at depth. Traces of lead and zinc detected within the King Range Instant Study Area may have similar stratabound or vein origins, but no resource potential is indicated. Minor copper mineralization with associated lead, zinc, and manganese anomalies within the Chemise Mountain Instant Study Area is of low economic potential because of the shearing, isolation, and lenticularity of the basaltic and cherty rocks within the melange<br /> mineralization.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf1196C","usgsCitation":"McLaughlin, R.J., Sorg, D.H., Ohlin, H., and Beutner, E., 1981, Map showing mineral-resource potential of the King Range and Chemise Mountain Instant Study Areas, Humboldt and Mendocino counties, California: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1196, Report: 20 p.; Plate: 21.09 x 37.66 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1196C.","productDescription":"Report: 20 p.; Plate: 21.09 x 37.66 inches","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":184713,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/MF1196C.jpg"},{"id":310513,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1196-C/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":310514,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1196-C/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"200000","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Humboldt County, Mendocino County","otherGeospatial":"Chemise Mountain, King Range","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-124.1664,40.8197],[-124.1603,40.8194],[-124.175,40.8081],[-124.1664,40.8197]]],[[[-123.7714,41.4656],[-123.7706,41.3811],[-123.5036,41.3829],[-123.4821,41.3722],[-123.4744,41.3661],[-123.4817,41.3541],[-123.4771,41.3274],[-123.4559,41.2981],[-123.4638,41.2861],[-123.4454,41.2744],[-123.4417,41.2518],[-123.4543,41.2359],[-123.4384,41.2264],[-123.409,41.1801],[-123.4314,41.1558],[-123.4286,41.1268],[-123.4407,41.0919],[-123.4596,41.0914],[-123.4578,41.0705],[-123.4235,41.0566],[-123.406,41.0149],[-123.4202,41.0077],[-123.4359,40.9727],[-123.4513,40.9649],[-123.4447,40.9451],[-123.4674,40.9367],[-123.479,40.9159],[-123.5377,40.9313],[-123.5564,40.9494],[-123.5833,40.9308],[-123.6195,40.9346],[-123.6246,40.9286],[-123.5985,40.8781],[-123.5785,40.8683],[-123.5845,40.8568],[-123.5619,40.8434],[-123.558,40.829],[-123.5659,40.8178],[-123.555,40.8082],[-123.5413,40.7392],[-123.5429,39.978],[-122.9339,39.9784],[-122.9244,39.9677],[-122.9259,39.9486],[-122.9091,39.9355],[-122.9191,39.9189],[-122.9485,39.9076],[-122.9577,39.8484],[-122.9439,39.8225],[-122.9362,39.7501],[-122.9123,39.7499],[-122.9099,39.7118],[-122.8907,39.7114],[-122.8888,39.5309],[-122.9372,39.5319],[-122.9371,39.5174],[-123.0231,39.5191],[-123.0233,39.5114],[-123.0623,39.5034],[-123.0633,39.4522],[-123.0723,39.4524],[-123.0755,39.4083],[-123.057,39.4074],[-123.0574,39.3793],[-123.0473,39.3796],[-123.038,39.3372],[-123.0291,39.3366],[-123.0296,39.322],[-123.0201,39.3223],[-123.0197,39.2779],[-123.0048,39.2783],[-122.9951,39.2368],[-123.0129,39.2363],[-123.0134,39.2223],[-123.0212,39.2225],[-123.0468,39.175],[-123.0806,39.175],[-123.0844,39.0955],[-123.0939,39.0948],[-123.0934,39.073],[-123.0658,39.0661],[-123.0559,39.0219],[-123.0274,39.0082],[-123.0274,38.9973],[-122.9872,38.9976],[-122.9871,38.984],[-122.9764,38.9838],[-122.977,38.9471],[-122.9681,38.9469],[-122.9612,38.9257],[-122.9488,38.9252],[-122.9476,38.9007],[-122.8942,38.8963],[-122.8935,38.8823],[-122.8396,38.8678],[-122.8392,38.8583],[-122.8197,38.858],[-122.8181,38.8503],[-123.0796,38.8525],[-123.08,38.8385],[-123.1392,38.8395],[-123.1383,38.8091],[-123.3698,38.8057],[-123.3718,38.7775],[-123.4995,38.7794],[-123.5209,38.7596],[-123.6469,38.8447],[-123.6592,38.8714],[-123.6808,38.8819],[-123.7111,38.9142],[-123.7272,38.9178],[-123.7424,38.9552],[-123.72,38.9644],[-123.6972,39.0039],[-123.6897,39.0339],[-123.6956,39.0603],[-123.7194,39.13],[-123.7369,39.1394],[-123.7381,39.1617],[-123.7704,39.1939],[-123.7753,39.24],[-123.7917,39.2733],[-123.802,39.2767],[-123.8033,39.2878],[-123.7867,39.3003],[-123.81,39.304],[-123.8008,39.3189],[-123.8271,39.3487],[-123.8183,39.3606],[-123.822,39.4063],[-123.8128,39.4262],[-123.8196,39.436],[-123.804,39.4902],[-123.7872,39.5044],[-123.7689,39.5486],[-123.7587,39.5453],[-123.7875,39.5964],[-123.7828,39.6214],[-123.7946,39.6901],[-123.8302,39.7222],[-123.8513,39.8314],[-123.9063,39.8617],[-123.9295,39.908],[-123.9556,39.923],[-123.9805,39.9626],[-124.0343,40.0117],[-124.0567,40.0249],[-124.0754,40.0247],[-124.0823,40.0695],[-124.1128,40.1049],[-124.1883,40.1313],[-124.2161,40.1619],[-124.2884,40.2027],[-124.3637,40.2618],[-124.3493,40.3199],[-124.3632,40.3463],[-124.3687,40.3834],[-124.4096,40.441],[-124.3857,40.4896],[-124.3834,40.518],[-124.3119,40.65],[-124.2356,40.7558],[-124.2439,40.7635],[-124.2287,40.7452],[-124.2679,40.6985],[-124.2365,40.6921],[-124.2194,40.6767],[-124.2222,40.7006],[-124.2122,40.7058],[-124.2207,40.7376],[-124.1978,40.7528],[-124.2028,40.7694],[-124.1989,40.7653],[-124.1831,40.8014],[-124.1482,40.8102],[-124.1311,40.8014],[-124.1425,40.8083],[-124.1236,40.8064],[-124.0833,40.8322],[-124.0858,40.8506],[-124.0962,40.8563],[-124.117,40.8524],[-124.1522,40.8689],[-124.1483,40.8633],[-124.1883,40.8101],[-124.1951,40.788],[-124.2211,40.7597],[-124.2375,40.7672],[-124.2271,40.7693],[-124.169,40.8565],[-124.1231,40.9717],[-124.1128,41.0281],[-124.135,41.0544],[-124.1533,41.0531],[-124.165,41.1381],[-124.1417,41.1456],[-124.1078,41.2233],[-124.0678,41.3897],[-124.0653,41.4633],[-123.7714,41.4656]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Humboldt\",\"state\":\"CA\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a19d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McLaughlin, R. J. 0000-0002-4390-2288","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4390-2288","contributorId":107271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLaughlin","given":"R.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":259615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sorg, D. H.","contributorId":63380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorg","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":259614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ohlin, H.N.","contributorId":12842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohlin","given":"H.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":259612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beutner, E.C.","contributorId":36220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beutner","given":"E.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":259613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":8374,"text":"ofr81452 - 1981 - Mineral deposits and geology of northern Oman as of 1974","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-07T14:05:02","indexId":"ofr81452","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-452","title":"Mineral deposits and geology of northern Oman as of 1974","docAbstract":"<p>An investigation of the mineral resources of northern Oman was carried out under an agreement between the U. S. Geological Survey and the Ministry of Development, Sultanate of Oman, during late 1973 and early 1974. The purpose of the investigation was to provide an evaluation of the mineral potential of northern Oman and produce recommendations leading toward the utilization of any viable mineral deposits that were found. The widespread copper deposits located within the Semail volcanics appear to be mineable, the iron-nickel laterites developed upon the weathered surface of the Semail ophiolite have economic potential. Manganese and chromite deposits investigated have only a marginal value and are not likely to be of economic importance in the near future. Discovery of economic copper and iron deposits warrants further geologic mapping and mineral exploration in northern Oman. In addition to this, recommendations regarding the organization of a geological and mining group within the Directorate of Petroleum and Minerals are presented. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81452","collaboration":"Prepared on behalf of the Directorate General of Petroleum and Minerals, Ministry of Development, Sultanate of Oman","usgsCitation":"Coleman, R.G., and Bailey, E.H., 1981, Mineral deposits and geology of northern Oman as of 1974: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-452, Report: viii, 127 p.; 1 Plate: 20.29 x 13.99 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81452.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 127 p.; 1 Plate: 20.29 x 13.99 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":35957,"rank":400,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0452/figure-4.pdf","text":"Figure 4","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":141294,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0452/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":35958,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0452/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Oman","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              55.8709716796875,\n              21.80030805097259\n            ],\n            [\n              59.9359130859375,\n              21.80030805097259\n            ],\n            [\n              59.9359130859375,\n              24.90138485280086\n            ],\n            [\n              55.8709716796875,\n              24.90138485280086\n            ],\n            [\n              55.8709716796875,\n              21.80030805097259\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635924","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coleman, Robert Griffin","contributorId":89527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coleman","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"Griffin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bailey, Edgar Herbert","contributorId":85179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"Edgar","email":"","middleInitial":"Herbert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27591,"text":"wri8140 - 1981 - Water quality of Alimagnet, Farquar, and Long Lakes in Apple Valley, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T11:52:11","indexId":"wri8140","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-40","title":"Water quality of Alimagnet, Farquar, and Long Lakes in Apple Valley, Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>Alimagnet, Farquar, and Long Lakes, in Apple Valley, Minnesota, were sampled from 1973-79 to determine their physical and chemical characteristics. A storm-sewer inlet to Alimagnet Lake was also sampled during two storms in 1978. The 1976-77 drought caused a more noticeable effect on the quality of the lakes than any other factor. Chloride concentrations were 10 to 15 milligrams per liter before the drought, but increased 2 to 4 times during the drought. Dissolved solids reacted similarly. Dissolved oxygen and pH were governed mainly by biological activity. In February 1977, dissolved-oxygen concentration was less than 0.5 milligrams per liter in the three lakes. Ratios between mean total nitrogen and mean total phosphorus ranged from 22:1 to 26:1. Trophic-state indices indicate that the lakes are eutrophic. Blue-green algae dominated the phytoplankton populations. Storms sampled at a storm-sewer inlet to Alimagnet Lake showed higher concentrations of chromium, copper, nickel, and zinc than of lead, arsenic, cadmium, and mercury. Total phosphorus for the September 1978 storm had a concentration of 1.7 milligrams per liter, which means that approximately 29 pounds entered the lake during the 5.5-hour sampling period.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri8140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Apple Valley, Minnesota","usgsCitation":"Have, M., Payne, G.A., and Ayers, M.A., 1981, Water quality of Alimagnet, Farquar, and Long Lakes in Apple Valley, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 81-40, iv, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8140.","productDescription":"iv, 38 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158801,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0040/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":95645,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0040/report.pdf","size":"2132","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"Apple Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.24766159057617,\n              44.75404787477275\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.25796127319336,\n              44.75356026127114\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.25830459594727,\n              44.73734476963528\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.25521469116211,\n              44.73429623703402\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.2516098022461,\n              44.73258898857743\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.2516098022461,\n              44.71709950382894\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.1534194946289,\n              44.717343464865316\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.1541061401367,\n              44.7751332217051\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.24800491333008,\n              44.77403648591524\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.24766159057617,\n              44.75404787477275\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9a26","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Have, M.R.","contributorId":79115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Have","given":"M.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Payne, G. A.","contributorId":62190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payne","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ayers, M. A.","contributorId":41417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayers","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":27545,"text":"wri8116 - 1981 - Effects of coal fly-ash disposal on water quality in and around the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-24T13:03:16","indexId":"wri8116","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-16","title":"Effects of coal fly-ash disposal on water quality in and around the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Indiana","docAbstract":"<p>Dissolved constituents in seepage from fly-ash settling ponds bordering part of the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore (the Lakeshore) have increased the concentrations of major ions (calcium, fluoride, potassium, and sulfate), trace elements (aluminum, arsenic, boron, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, strontium, and zinc), and gross alpha and beta radioactivity in ground water and surface water downgradient from the settling ponds. Data collected from September 1976 through May 1978 suggest that concentrations of some dissolved trace elements may be greater beneath interdunal pond 2 than in the pond. The soil system downgradient from the settling ponds seems to have affected the concentrations of dissolved ions in the settling-pond seepage. Calcium concentrations were greater in ground water downgradient from the settling ponds than in the ponds. Where organic material was present downgradient from the settling ponds, concentrations of arsenic, fluoride, molybdenum, potassium, sulfate, and strontium were greater in the ground water than in the ponds. In contrast, the concentrations of cadmium, copper, nickel, aluminum, cobalt, lead, and zinc were less.</p>\n<p>Leachate from an ash fill bordering the Lakeshore increased concentrations of boron, molybdenum, and potassium in surface water.</p>\n<p>Although concentrations of chemical constituents were variable, data indicate that ground-water in a confined aquifer beneath the study area was not significantly affected by settling-pond seepage.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Indianapolis, IN","doi":"10.3133/wri8116","usgsCitation":"Hardy, M.A., 1981, Effects of coal fly-ash disposal on water quality in and around the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 81-16, vi, 64 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8116.","productDescription":"vi, 64 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","startPage":"1","endPage":"64","numberOfPages":"72","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":56401,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0016/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":120082,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0016/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","otherGeospatial":"Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -87.28869438171387,\n              41.621923034123846\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.26963996887207,\n              41.621730547188456\n       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A.","contributorId":50902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardy","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27162,"text":"wri8131 - 1981 - Chemical, physical, and radiological quality of selected public water supplies in Florida, February-April 1980","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-07T11:22:18","indexId":"wri8131","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-31","title":"Chemical, physical, and radiological quality of selected public water supplies in Florida, February-April 1980","docAbstract":"Virtually all treated public water supplies in Florida meet the National Interim Primary and Secondary Drinking Water Regulations. These findings are based on a water-quality reconnaissance of 126 raw and treated public water supplies throughout the State during the period February through April 1980. Primary drinking water regulations maximum contaminant levels were rarely exceeded, although mercury (1 site), fluoride (2 sites), and radionuclides (3 sites) in water supplies were above established maximum contaminant levels. Dissolved solids, chloride, copper, manganese, iron, color, sulfate, and pH, were occasionally slightly in excess of the recommended maximum contaminant levels of the secondary drinking water regulation. The secondary regulations, however, pertain mainly to the esthetic quality of drinking water and not directly to public health aspects. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri8131","usgsCitation":"Franks, B.J., and Irwin, G.A., 1981, Chemical, physical, and radiological quality of selected public water supplies in Florida, February-April 1980: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 81-31, iii, 59 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8131.","productDescription":"iii, 59 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":369035,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0031/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158009,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0031/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -87.62695312499999,\n              24.467150664739002\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.91455078125,\n              24.467150664739002\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.91455078125,\n              31.034108344903512\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.62695312499999,\n              31.034108344903512\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.62695312499999,\n              24.467150664739002\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67b7e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Franks, Bernard J.","contributorId":106088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franks","given":"Bernard","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Irwin, G. A.","contributorId":35733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":7268,"text":"ofr82176 - 1981 - Iron sulfide deposits at Wadi Wassat, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:57","indexId":"ofr82176","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"82-176","title":"Iron sulfide deposits at Wadi Wassat, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","docAbstract":"Massive and disseminated iron sulfide deposits in Wadi Wassat form lenticular, stratabound deposits in cherty Precambrian sedimentary rocks interlayered with Precambrian calcareous sedimentary rocks, pyroclastic rocks, and andesitic flow rocks. These rocks have been cut by a wide variety of plutonic and dike rocks including gabbro, diorite, granodiorite, diabase, rhyolite, and granite. \r\n\r\nThe zone containing the sulfide lenses is nearly 16 km long and is cut off by granitic rocks at both the northern and southern ends. The lenses are as much as 200 m thick; one can be traced along strike for more than 4 km. The lenses consist mostly of iron sulfides. Pyrite is the principal sulfide mineral; near intrusive bodies the pyrite has been partially converted to pyrrhotite and locally mobilized into fractures. The sulfides have been oxidized to a depth of about 25 m.\r\n\r\nPreliminary calculations indicate that about 107,500,000 tons of sulfides, averaging 40 percent iron and 35 percent sulfur, are available to a depth of i00 m. Small amounts of nickel, cobalt, zinc, and copper are also present, but at metal prices prevailing in early 1981, these do not constitute significant resources.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr82176","usgsCitation":"Roberts, R.J., Rossman, D.L., Bagdady, A., Conway, C.M., and Helaby, A., 1981, Iron sulfide deposits at Wadi Wassat, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-176, v, 133 p. :ill., maps (1 col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr82176.","productDescription":"v, 133 p. :ill., maps (1 col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":140104,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/0176/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":34643,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/0176/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":34644,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/0176/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db666bb6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roberts, R. J.","contributorId":58250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":154974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rossman, Darwin L.","contributorId":94663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rossman","given":"Darwin","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":154976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bagdady, A.Y.","contributorId":20318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bagdady","given":"A.Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":154973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Conway, C. M.","contributorId":15605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":154972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Helaby, A. M.","contributorId":64241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helaby","given":"A. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":154975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":7249,"text":"ofr81815 - 1981 - Hydrology of Area 7, Eastern Coal Province, Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:49","indexId":"ofr81815","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-815","title":"Hydrology of Area 7, Eastern Coal Province, Ohio","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey established 24 study areas in Eastern Appalachian Coal Province to appraise the hydrology and water resources from Alabama to Pennsylvania. Chemical, physical, biological, and streamflow data were collected from 138 synoptic sites in Area 7, eastern Ohio. The data are evaluated and presented in this report. Area 7 lies within the drainage basins of Muskingum Rivers and Duck and Willis Creeks in eastern Ohio. Walhounding, Tuscarawas, and Little Muskingum, and Muskingum Rivers and Wills and Duck Creeks are the major streams draining the study area.\r\n\r\nIn Ohio, surface and subsurface coal mining has altered the environment. In areas where land has been reclaimed, the environmental stress expected to be temporary. Hydrologic problems related to coal mining are erosion and sedimentation which degrade water-quality. Based on available sediment data, suspended sediment concentration were highest in abandoned mine areas, followed by currently mined and reclaimed areas, and lowest in unmined areas.\r\n\r\nLow pH, high specific conductance, high concentrations of iron, sulfate and manganese, increased sediment yields, discoloration of streambeds, limited aquatic vegetation and animal life typify streams draining areas with abandoned mines. In abandoned mine areas, the specific conductance of water ranged from 800 to 2,300 micromhos; pH ranged from 2.8 to 5.8; dissolved-iron concentrations ranged from 1,000 to 85,000 micrograms per liter; dissolved-sulfate concentrations ranged from 14 to 1,200 milligrams per liter and dissolved-manganese concentration commonly exceeded 2,000 micrograms per liter. Red and yellow coloration on the streambeds were precipitates from the hydrolysis of iron, manganese, and sulfate minerals carried into the stream channel by increased sediment erosion from abandoned coal mines. Trace metal concentrations (arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, mercury, selenium, and zinc) were generally low. Degradation of fish habitat is illustrated by conceptual model of the aquatic biology related to water chemistry.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81815","usgsCitation":"Engelke, M.J., Roth, D., and and others, 1981, Hydrology of Area 7, Eastern Coal Province, Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-815, v, 60 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81815.","productDescription":"v, 60 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":94764,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0815/report.pdf","size":"21723","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":139916,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0815/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e780","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Engelke, Morris J. Jr.","contributorId":100379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engelke","given":"Morris","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":154898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roth, D.K.","contributorId":60275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roth","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":154897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"and others","contributorId":127886,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"and others","id":528824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":48656,"text":"ofr8127O - 1981 - Geochemical map showing anomalous patterns for the element copper in stream sediments, filtered water, and nonmagnetic heavy— Mineral concentrates in the West Chichagof–Yakobi Wilderness Study Area, Sitka quadrangle, southeastern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-09T22:08:54.969379","indexId":"ofr8127O","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-27","chapter":"O","title":"Geochemical map showing anomalous patterns for the element copper in stream sediments, filtered water, and nonmagnetic heavy— Mineral concentrates in the West Chichagof–Yakobi Wilderness Study Area, Sitka quadrangle, southeastern Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr8127O","usgsCitation":"Hessin, T., Everman, W.K., and Crenshaw, G.L., 1981, Geochemical map showing anomalous patterns for the element copper in stream sediments, filtered water, and nonmagnetic heavy— Mineral concentrates in the West Chichagof–Yakobi Wilderness Study Area, Sitka quadrangle, southeastern Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-27, 1 Plate: 33.43 × 32.26 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8127O.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 33.43 × 32.26 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":172291,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":108135,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_11989.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"11989"},{"id":85472,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0027o/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Chichagof-Yakobi Wilderness Study Area, Sitka quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -136.667,\n              57.346\n            ],\n            [\n              -135.5,\n              57.346\n            ],\n            [\n              -135.5,\n              58.121\n            ],\n            [\n              -136.667,\n              58.121\n            ],\n            [\n              -136.667,\n              57.346\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae1c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hessin, T. D.","contributorId":42181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hessin","given":"T. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":237963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Everman, W. K.","contributorId":63778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Everman","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":237964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crenshaw, G. L.","contributorId":79851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crenshaw","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":237965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":46811,"text":"ofr8127N - 1981 - Geochemical map showing the distribution and abundance of copper, zinc, molybdenum, arsenic, and uranium in filtered water samples in the West Chichagof-Yakobi Wilderness Study Area, Sitka quadrangle, southeastern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-26T20:50:06.525665","indexId":"ofr8127N","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-27","chapter":"N","title":"Geochemical map showing the distribution and abundance of copper, zinc, molybdenum, arsenic, and uranium in filtered water samples in the West Chichagof-Yakobi Wilderness Study Area, Sitka quadrangle, southeastern Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr8127N","usgsCitation":"Hessin, T., Everman, W.K., and Crenshaw, G.L., 1981, Geochemical map showing the distribution and abundance of copper, zinc, molybdenum, arsenic, and uranium in filtered water samples in the West Chichagof-Yakobi Wilderness Study Area, Sitka quadrangle, southeastern Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-27, 1 Plate: 33.47 × 40.62 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8127N.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 33.47 × 40.62 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":134580,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":83719,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0027n/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":108134,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_11988.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"11988"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Sitka quadrangle, West Chichagof-Yakobi Wilderness Study Area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -136.667,\n              58.121\n            ],\n            [\n              -136.667,\n              57.346\n            ],\n            [\n              -135.5,\n              57.346\n            ],\n            [\n              -135.5,\n              58.121\n            ],\n            [\n              -136.667,\n              58.121\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae0ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hessin, T. D.","contributorId":42181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hessin","given":"T. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":234115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Everman, W. K.","contributorId":63778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Everman","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":234116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crenshaw, G. L.","contributorId":79851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crenshaw","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":234117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":46767,"text":"ofr8127S - 1981 - Geochemical map showing distribution and abundance of copper, lead, zinc, and barium in the nonmagnetic, heavy-mineral concentrate samples in the West Chichagof-Yakobi Wilderness Study Area, Sitka quadrangle, southeastern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-26T18:26:09.012861","indexId":"ofr8127S","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-27","chapter":"S","title":"Geochemical map showing distribution and abundance of copper, lead, zinc, and barium in the nonmagnetic, heavy-mineral concentrate samples in the West Chichagof-Yakobi Wilderness Study Area, Sitka quadrangle, southeastern Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr8127S","usgsCitation":"Hessin, T., Maslowksi, M.G., and Cooley, E., 1981, Geochemical map showing distribution and abundance of copper, lead, zinc, and barium in the nonmagnetic, heavy-mineral concentrate samples in the West Chichagof-Yakobi Wilderness Study Area, Sitka quadrangle, southeastern Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-27, 1 Plate: 33.43 × 33.39 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8127S.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 33.43 × 33.39 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":134869,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":108139,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_11993.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"11993"},{"id":83653,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0027s/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Sitka quadrangle, West Chichagof-Yakobi Wilderness Study Area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -136.667,\n              58.121\n            ],\n            [\n              -136.667,\n              57.346\n            ],\n            [\n              -135.5,\n              57.346\n            ],\n            [\n              -135.5,\n              58.121\n            ],\n            [\n              -136.667,\n              58.121\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae18d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hessin, T. D.","contributorId":42181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hessin","given":"T. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":234009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maslowksi, M. G.","contributorId":80643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maslowksi","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":234010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cooley, E.F.","contributorId":83072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooley","given":"E.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":234011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":46775,"text":"ofr8127Q - 1981 - Geochemical map showing the distribution and abundance of copper, lead, and barium in stream-sediment samples in the West Chichagof-Yakobi Wilderness Study Area, Sitka quadrangle, southeastern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-26T20:47:44.206663","indexId":"ofr8127Q","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-27","chapter":"Q","title":"Geochemical map showing the distribution and abundance of copper, lead, and barium in stream-sediment samples in the West Chichagof-Yakobi Wilderness Study Area, Sitka quadrangle, southeastern Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr8127Q","usgsCitation":"Hessin, T., Maslowski, M.G., and Day, G., 1981, Geochemical map showing the distribution and abundance of copper, lead, and barium in stream-sediment samples in the West Chichagof-Yakobi Wilderness Study Area, Sitka quadrangle, southeastern Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-27, 1 Plate: 32.65 × 33.24 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8127Q.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 32.65 × 33.24 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":135967,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":83661,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0027q/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":108137,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_11991.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"11991"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Sitka quadrangle, West Chichagof-Yakobi Wilderness Study Area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -136.667,\n              58.121\n            ],\n            [\n              -136.667,\n              57.346\n            ],\n            [\n              -135.5,\n              57.346\n            ],\n            [\n              -135.5,\n              58.121\n            ],\n            [\n              -136.667,\n              58.121\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae0fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hessin, T. D.","contributorId":42181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hessin","given":"T. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":234037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maslowski, M. G.","contributorId":61016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maslowski","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":234038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Day, G.W.","contributorId":63363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":234039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":46115,"text":"ofr81728D - 1981 - Maps showing distribution and abundance of copper in geochemical samples from the Bradfield Canal quadrangle, southeastern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:14","indexId":"ofr81728D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-728","chapter":"D","title":"Maps showing distribution and abundance of copper in geochemical samples from the Bradfield Canal quadrangle, southeastern Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr81728D","usgsCitation":"Koch, R.D., and Elliott, R.L., 1981, Maps showing distribution and abundance of copper in geochemical samples from the Bradfield Canal quadrangle, southeastern Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-728, 4 maps ;45 x 50 cm. on sheets 90 x 112 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81728D.","productDescription":"4 maps ;45 x 50 cm. on sheets 90 x 112 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":169516,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":83066,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0728d/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":83067,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0728d/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":83068,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0728d/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":83069,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0728d/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db604bde","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koch, R. D.","contributorId":106487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koch","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":232643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elliott, Raymond L.","contributorId":82667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":232642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":11611,"text":"ofr8139 - 1981 - Incomplete manuscript on stratigraphy and structural geology and uranium-vanadium and copper deposits of the Lisbon Valley area, Utah-Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:44","indexId":"ofr8139","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-39","title":"Incomplete manuscript on stratigraphy and structural geology and uranium-vanadium and copper deposits of the Lisbon Valley area, Utah-Colorado","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr8139","usgsCitation":"Weir, G.W., and Puffett, W., 1981, Incomplete manuscript on stratigraphy and structural geology and uranium-vanadium and copper deposits of the Lisbon Valley area, Utah-Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-39, 306 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8139.","productDescription":"306 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":145257,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0039/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":39471,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0039/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fbe4b07f02db5f47d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weir, G. W.","contributorId":107290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weir","given":"G.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Puffett, W.P.","contributorId":93919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puffett","given":"W.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":41264,"text":"ofr811048 - 1981 - Preliminary geologic map of Cenozoic deposits of Copperopolis quadrangle, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-15T19:05:29.574841","indexId":"ofr811048","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-1048","title":"Preliminary geologic map of Cenozoic deposits of Copperopolis quadrangle, California","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr811048","usgsCitation":"Bartow, J.A., Marchand, D.E., and Shipley, S., 1981, Preliminary geologic map of Cenozoic deposits of Copperopolis quadrangle, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-1048, Report: 5 p.; 1 Plate: 19.53 × 23.56 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr811048.","productDescription":"Report: 5 p.; 1 Plate: 19.53 × 23.56 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":79058,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1048/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":108089,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_11869.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"11869"},{"id":79059,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1048/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":173791,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/1048/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Copperopolis quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.75,\n              37.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.5,\n              37.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.5,\n              38\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.75,\n              38\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.75,\n              37.75\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67c001","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartow, J. Alan","contributorId":84373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartow","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Alan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":224735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marchand, D. E.","contributorId":86004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marchand","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":224736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shipley, Susan","contributorId":94650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shipley","given":"Susan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":224737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":39595,"text":"pp907F - 1981 - The Nature and Use of Copper Reserve and Resource Data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:18","indexId":"pp907F","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"907","chapter":"F","title":"The Nature and Use of Copper Reserve and Resource Data","docAbstract":"Copper reserve, resource, and production data can be combined to produce disaggregated resource estimates and trends and, when combined with demand forecasts, can be used to predict future exploration and development requirements.\r\n\r\nReserve estimates are subject to uncertainties due mainly to incomplete exploration and rapidly changing economic conditions. United States' reserve estimates in the past have been low mainly because knowledge of the magnitude of very large porphyry-copper deposits has been incomplete. Present estimates are considerably more reliable because mining firms tend to drill out deposits fully before mining and to release their reserve estimates to the public.\r\n\r\nThe sum of reserves and past production yields an estimate of the total ore, total metal contained in ore, and average grade of ore originally in each of the deposits known in the United States. For most deposits, estimates of total copper in ore are low relative to the total copper in mineralized rock, and many estimates are strongly affected by the economic behavior of mining firms. A better estimate of the real distribution of copper contained in deposits can be obtained by combining past production data with resource estimates.\r\n\r\nCopper resource data are disaggregated into categories that include resources in undeveloped deposits similar to those mined in the past, resources in mines closed because of unfavorable economic conditions, resources in deep deposits requiring high-cost mining methods, arid resources in deposits located in areas where environmental restrictions have contributed to delays in development. The largest resource is located in the five largest porphyry deposits. These deposits are now being mined but the resources are not included in the present mining plan. Resources in this last category will not contribute to supply until some future time when ores presently being mined are depleted.\r\n\r\nA high correlation exists between total copper contained in deposits and annual production from deposits. This correlation can be used to predict roughly the potential production from undeveloped deposits. Large deposits annually produce relatively less metal per ton of copper contained than do medium and small deposits.\r\n\r\nDividing reserves by annual production gives a depletion date for each copper mine. The sum of annual production capacity of all mines not yet depleted at any year of interest gives the minimum production capacity for that year. A graph of minimum production capacity by year combined with curves representing potential capacity from undeveloped identified resources can be compared with various demand scenarios to yield a measure of copper requirements from new sources.\r\n\r\nSince 1950 reserves have been developed in the United States at a rate of about 1 million tons of copper per year. Since 1960 the number of deposits developed per 10-year period has greatly increased without a commensurate increase in tonnage of copper. This is in part due to the fact that recent exploration successes have been increasingly represented by smaller and (or) lower grade deposits containing less metal. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp907F","usgsCitation":"Cox, D.P., Wright, N.A., and Coakley, G.J., 1981, The Nature and Use of Copper Reserve and Resource Data: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 907, vi, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp907F.","productDescription":"vi, 19 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":119836,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0907f/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":67182,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0907f/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5f9e9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cox, Dennis P. dcox@usgs.gov","contributorId":2766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"Dennis","email":"dcox@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":221736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, Nancy A.","contributorId":28586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Nancy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coakley, George J.","contributorId":83586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coakley","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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