Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve and the neighboring Baca National Wildlife Refuge constitute an extraordinary setting that offers a variety of opportunities for outdoor recreation and natural resource preservation in the San Luis Valley of Colorado. Adjacent to these federal lands, the Nature Conservancy (TNC) manages the historic Medano Ranch. The total land area of these three conservation properties is roughly 121,500 hectares (ha). It is a remote and rugged area in which resource managers must balance the protection of natural resources with recreation and neighboring land uses. The management of wild ungulates in this setting presents challenges, as wild ungulates move freely across public and private landscapes.
\nThe San Luis Valley was historically used for irrigated agriculture and ranching. Historically, livestock, including sheep (Ovis aries) and cattle (Bos taurus), were grazed throughout the valley. The former Luis Marie “Baca” Ranch, which makes up the northern part of Great Sand Dunes National Park (hereafter “Park”) and all of the Baca National Wildlife Refuge (hereafter “Refuge”), was actively grazed by cattle until 2004. Bison (Bison bison), elk (Cervus elaphus), mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), and pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) were native to the area until about the 1840s, when bison, elk, and pronghorn were extirpated.
\nElk and pronghorn likely moved back into the area from surrounding populations to the north and south, and mule deer populations have varied through time. A population of 4,400 elk currently inhabits the area. The current bison population was established in 1986 for meat production. In 1999 TNC purchased the ranch and established a bison conservation herd, and eventually subcontracted management to a private rancher in 2005. A population of bison ranging in size from 1,200–2,000 ranges freely within the 16,100 ha Medano Ranch. Ungulate populations in the valley are regulated by hunting, with the exception of bison, which are rounded up and culled annually to maintain population levels.
\nIn an effort to create and form the basis of a multi-agency ungulate management plan for the region, the Park sought the development of an elk and bison ecological carrying capacity model to provide guidance to resource managers.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141200","collaboration":"In cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Wockner, G., Boone, R., Schoenecker, K.A., and Zeigenfuss, L., 2015, Modeling elk and bison carrying capacity for Great Sand Dunes National Park, Baca National Wildlife Refuge, and The Nature Conservancy's Medano Ranch, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1200, iv, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141200.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p.","numberOfPages":"27","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056689","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298075,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141200.jpg"},{"id":298073,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1200/"},{"id":298074,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1200/pdf/ofr2014-1200.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7.43 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Baca National Wildlife Refuge, Great Sand Dunes National Park, San Luis Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.15264892578125,\n 37.477037796698056\n ],\n [\n -106.15264892578125,\n 38.52023522875919\n ],\n [\n -105.018310546875,\n 38.52023522875919\n ],\n [\n -105.018310546875,\n 37.477037796698056\n ],\n [\n -106.15264892578125,\n 37.477037796698056\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54e85aade4b02d776a67c5b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wockner, Gary","contributorId":118967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wockner","given":"Gary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":541072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boone, Randall","contributorId":121404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boone","given":"Randall","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":541073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schoenecker, Kathryn A. 0000-0001-9906-911X schoeneckerk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9906-911X","contributorId":2001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoenecker","given":"Kathryn","email":"schoeneckerk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zeigenfuss, Linda 0000-0002-6700-8563 linda_zeigenfuss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6700-8563","contributorId":2079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zeigenfuss","given":"Linda","email":"linda_zeigenfuss@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70140264,"text":"ofr20151013 - 2015 - Occurrence and distribution of fecal indicator bacteria and gene markers of pathogenic bacteria in Great Lakes tributaries, March-October 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-12T17:12:19","indexId":"ofr20151013","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-20T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1013","title":"Occurrence and distribution of fecal indicator bacteria and gene markers of pathogenic bacteria in Great Lakes tributaries, March-October 2011","docAbstract":"From March through October 2011, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), conducted a study to determine the frequency of occurrence of pathogen gene markers and densities of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) in 22 tributaries to the Great Lakes. This project was funded as part of the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI) and included sampling at 22 locations throughout 6 states that border the Great Lakes.
\nA total of 177 environmental samples were collected at USGS streamgaging stations during both normal-flow and high-flow conditions and were analyzed by the Michigan Bacteriological Research Laboratory at the USGS Water Science Center in Lansing, Michigan.
\nWater samples were analyzed for the presence of FIB concentrations (FIB; fecal coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli [E. coli], and enterococci) by using membrane filtration and serial dilution methods. The resulting enrichments from standard culturing of the samples were then analyzed by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to determine the occurrence of pathogen gene markers for Shigella species, Campylobacter jejuni and coli, Salmonellaspecies, and pathogenic E. coli, including Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151013","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative","usgsCitation":"Brennan, A.K., Johnson, H., Totten, A.R., and Duris, J.W., 2015, Occurrence and distribution of fecal indicator bacteria and gene markers of pathogenic bacteria in Great Lakes tributaries, March-October 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1013, v, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151013.","productDescription":"v, 29 p.","numberOfPages":"39","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2011-03-01","temporalEnd":"2011-10-31","ipdsId":"IP-039000","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298071,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151013.jpg"},{"id":298069,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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Susquehanna River Basin, Pennsylvania and Maryland, 1900-2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-22T09:53:31","indexId":"ofr20141235","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-18T09:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1235","title":"Sediment transport and capacity change in three reservoirs, Lower Susquehanna River Basin, Pennsylvania and Maryland, 1900-2012","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has conducted numerous sediment transport studies in the Susquehanna River and in particular in three reservoirs in the Lower Susquehanna River Basin to determine sediment transport rates over the past century and to document changes in storage capacity. The Susquehanna River is the largest tributary to Chesapeake Bay and transports about one-half of the total freshwater input and substantial amounts of sediment and nutrients to the bay. The transported loads are affected by deposition in reservoirs (Lake Clarke, Lake Aldred, and Conowingo Reservoir) behind three hydropower dams. The geometry and texture of the deposited sediments in each reservoir upstream from the three dams has been a subject of research in recent decades. Particle size deposition and sediment scouring processes are part of the reservoir dynamics. A Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) for nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment was established for Chesapeake Bay to attain water-quality standards. Six states and the District of Columbia agreed to reduce loads to the bay and to meet load allocation goals for the TMDL. The USGS has been estimating annual sediment loads at the Susquehanna River at Marietta, Pennsylvania (above Lake Clarke), and Susquehanna River at Conowingo, Maryland (below Conowingo Reservoir), since the mid-1980s to predict the mass balance of sediment transport through the reservoir system. Using streamflow and sediment data from the Susquehanna River at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania (upstream from the reservoirs), from 1900 to 1981, sediment loads were greatest in the early to mid-1900s when land disturbance activities from coal production and agriculture were at their peak. Sediment loads declined in the 1950s with the introduction of agricultural soil conservation practices. Loads were dominated by climatic factors in the 1960s (drought) and 1970s (very wet) and have been declining since the 1980s through 2012. The USGS developed a regression equation to predict the sediment scour load for daily mean streamflows greater than 300,000 cubic feet per second for the Lower Susquehanna River reservoirs. A compilation of data from various sources produced a range in total sediment transported through the reservoir system and allowed for apportioning to source (watershed or scour) for various streamflows. In 2011, Conowingo Reservoir was estimated to be about 92 percent of sediment storage capacity. Since construction of Conowingo Dam in 1929 through 2012, approximately 470 million tons of sediment was transported down the Susquehanna River into the reservoir system, approximately 290 million tons were trapped, and approximately 180 million tons were transported to Chesapeake Bay. Spatial and estimated total sand deposition in Conowingo Reservoir based on historical sediment cores indicated continued migration of sand downgradient toward the dam and the winnowing of silts and clays near the dam due to scour.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141235","usgsCitation":"Langland, M.J., 2015, Sediment transport and capacity change in three reservoirs, Lower Susquehanna River Basin, Pennsylvania and Maryland, 1900-2012: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1235, vi, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141235.","productDescription":"vi, 18 p.","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1900-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-058536","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297804,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141235.jpg"},{"id":297803,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1235/pdf/ofr2014-1235.pdf","size":"1.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":297802,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1235/"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Conowingo Reservoir, Lake Aldred, Lake Clarke, Susquehanna River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.60354614257812,\n 40.04338625950062\n ],\n [\n -76.59942626953125,\n 40.063358664163296\n ],\n [\n -76.53076171875,\n 40.063358664163296\n ],\n [\n -76.44973754882812,\n 39.96870074491696\n ],\n [\n -76.365966796875,\n 39.91605629078665\n ],\n [\n -76.23550415039062,\n 39.761047087593965\n ],\n [\n -76.18057250976562,\n 39.67125632523974\n ],\n [\n -76.19979858398438,\n 39.66068502219227\n ],\n [\n -76.24923706054688,\n 39.69239407904182\n ],\n [\n -76.2725830078125,\n 39.75999140525313\n ],\n [\n -76.35772705078125,\n 39.829631721333726\n ],\n [\n -76.38519287109375,\n 39.86547951378614\n ],\n [\n -76.4044189453125,\n 39.91078961774283\n ],\n [\n -76.48544311523436,\n 39.945542175353026\n ],\n [\n -76.53762817382812,\n 40.04128356064847\n ],\n [\n -76.60354614257812,\n 40.04338625950062\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54e5b7f0e4b02d776a669ea9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langland, Michael J. 0000-0002-8350-8779 langland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8350-8779","contributorId":2347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langland","given":"Michael","email":"langland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70138661,"text":"ofr20131070 - 2015 - Environmental assessment of water, sediment, and biota collected from the Bear Creek watershed, Colusa County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-18T09:08:52","indexId":"ofr20131070","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-17T17:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1070","title":"Environmental assessment of water, sediment, and biota collected from the Bear Creek watershed, Colusa County, California","docAbstract":"The Cache Creek watershed lies within California's North Coast Range, an area with abundant geologic sources of mercury (Hg) and a long history of Hg contamination (Rytuba, 2000). Bear Creek, Cache Creek, and the North Fork of Cache Creek are the major streams of the Cache Creek watershed, encompassing 2978 km2. The Cache Creek watershed contains soils naturally enriched in Hg as well as natural springs (both hot and cold) with varying levels of aqueous Hg (Domagalski and others, 2004, Suchanek and others, 2004, Holloway and others 2009). All three tributaries are known to be significant sources of anthropogenically derived Hg from historic mines, both Hg and gold (Au), and associated ore storage/processing sites and facilities (Slotton and others, 1995, 2004; CVRWQCB, 2003; Schwarzbach and others, 2001; Gassel and others, 2005; Suchanek and others., 2004, 2008a, 2009). Historically, two of the primary sources of mercury contamination in the upper part of Bear Creek have been the Rathburn and Petray Hg Mines.
The Rathburn Hg mine was discovered and initially mined in the early 1890s. The Rathburn and the more recently developed Petray open pit mines are localized along fault zones in serpentinite that has been altered and cut by quartz and chalcedony veins. Cold saline-carbonate springs are located perepheral to the Hg deposits and effluent from the springs locally has high concentrations of Hg (Slowey and Rytuba, 2008). Several ephemeral tributaries to Bear Creek drain the mine area which is located on federal land managed by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management (USBLM). The USBLM requested that the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) measure and characterize Hg and other geochemical constituents in sediment, water, and biota to establish baseline information prior to remediation of the Rathburn and Petray mines. Samples sites were established in Bear Creek upstream and downstream from the mine area. This report is made in response to the USBLM request, the lead agency mandated to conduct a Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) - Removal Site Investigation (RSI). The RSI applies to the possible removal of Hg-contaminated mine waste from Bear Creek.
This report summarizes data obtained from field sampling of water, sediment, and biota in Bear Creek, above input from the mine area and downstream from the Rathburn-Petray mine area to the confluence with Cache Creek. Our results permit a preliminary assessment of the chemical constituents that could elevate levels of monomethyl Hg (MMeHg) in Bear Creek and its uptake by biota and provide baseline information for comparison to conditions after mine remediation is completed.
The U.S. Geological Survey is examining effects of future sea-level rise on the coastal landscape from Maine to Virginia by producing spatially explicit, probabilistic predictions using sea-level projections, vertical land movement rates (due to isostacy), elevation data, and land-cover data. Sea-level-rise scenarios used as model inputs are generated by using multiple sources of information, including Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 models following representative concentration pathways 4.5 and 8.5 in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fifth Assessment Report. A Bayesian network is used to develop a predictive coastal response model that integrates the sea-level, elevation, and land-cover data with assigned probabilities that account for interactions with coastal geomorphology as well as the corresponding ecological and societal systems it supports. The effects of sea-level rise are presented as (1) level of landscape submergence and (2) coastal response type characterized as either static (that is, inundation) or dynamic (that is, landform or landscape change). Results are produced at a spatial scale of 30 meters for four decades (the 2020s, 2030s, 2050s, and 2080s). The probabilistic predictions can be applied to landscape management decisions based on sea-level-rise effects as well as on assessments of the prediction uncertainty and need for improved data or fundamental understanding. This report describes the methods used to produce predictions, including information on input datasets; the modeling approach; model outputs; data-quality-control procedures; and information on how to access the data and metadata online.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141252","usgsCitation":"Lentz, E.E., Stippa, S.R., Thieler, E.R., Plant, N.G., Gesch, D.B., and Horton, R.M., 2015, Evaluating coastal landscape response to sea-level rise in the northeastern United States—Approach and methods (ver. 2.0, December 2015): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014–1252, 26 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141252.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 26 p.; Dataset; Project Web Page","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-058567","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438725,"rank":7,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F73J3B0B","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Coastal Landscape Response to Sea-Level Rise Assessment for the Northeastern United States Data Release"},{"id":297982,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1252/"},{"id":297983,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1252/pdf/ofr2014-1252.pdf","size":"4.23 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":297985,"rank":5,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/project-pages/coastal_response/","text":"Coastal Landscape Response Project","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":297986,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1252/images/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":297984,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/project-pages/coastal_response/data.html","text":"Landscape change predictions for the 2020s, 2030s, 2050s, and 2080s","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":312642,"rank":6,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1252/versionHist.txt"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -67.19238281249999,\n 45.19752230305685\n ],\n [\n -69.23583984375,\n 44.69989765840318\n ],\n [\n -71.34521484375,\n 43.59630591596548\n ],\n [\n -71.69677734375,\n 41.96765920367816\n ],\n [\n -74.72900390625,\n 41.21172151054787\n ],\n [\n -77.6953125,\n 38.993572058209466\n ],\n [\n -77.49755859375,\n 36.54494944148322\n ],\n [\n -75.89355468749999,\n 36.56260003738548\n ],\n [\n -71.7626953125,\n 40.88029480552824\n ],\n [\n -69.80712890625,\n 41.11246878918086\n ],\n [\n -69.67529296875,\n 42.09822241118974\n ],\n [\n -70.24658203125,\n 42.779275360241904\n ],\n [\n -68.8623046875,\n 43.77109381775651\n ],\n [\n -66.796875,\n 44.715513732021336\n ],\n [\n -67.19238281249999,\n 45.19752230305685\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted February 13, 2015; Version 2.0: December 21, 2015","contact":"Director, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
384 Woods Hole Road
Quissett Campus
Woods Hole, MA 02543
(508) 548-8700
http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov
In 2011, the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers began monitoring the saltwater interface near Lake Okeechobee to evaluate changes in interface depth that could possibly be related to the repair of the Herbert Hoover Dike. A seepage barrier (or cut-off wall), installed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, is a wall of grout designed to protect the Herbert Hoover Dike from internal erosion caused by the piping of water. The seepage barrier prevents water from flowing through or immediately under the dike by diverting the flow below the dike, into the surficial aquifer system. The seepage barrier extends below the saltwater interface in some areas. Monitoring consisted of collecting water samples and time series electromagnetic-induction log (TSEMIL) datasets from 10 well clusters, each of which have 1 shallow and 1 deep monitoring well, with 5- to 10-foot- (ft) long-screened intervals. The deep wells are 120 to 187 ft deep, and the shallow wells are 44 to 100 ft deep.
\nChanges in the depth of the saltwater interface were identified that correspond closely to the depth of the bottom of the seepage barrier. These changes may have been the consequence of changes in groundwater flow initiated by the seepage barrier installation. In areas of the dike where a seepage barrier had not been installed, or where the bottom of the seepage barrier is well above the saltwater interface, monitoring detected no changes in the depth of the saltwater interface.
\nAt five of the monitoring-well cluster locations, a long-screened well was also installed for monitoring and comparison purposes. These long-screened wells are 160 to 200 ft deep, and have open intervals ranging from 145 to 185 ft in length. Water samples were collected at depth intervals of about 5 to 10 ft, using 3-ft-long straddle packers to isolate each sampling interval. The results of monitoring conducted using these long-screened interval wells were generally too variable to identify any changes that might be associated with the seepage barrier. Samples from one of these long-screened interval wells failed to detect the saltwater interface evident in samples and TSEMIL datasets from a collocated well cluster. This failure may have been caused by downward flow of freshwater from above the saltwater interface in the well bore.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141256","usgsCitation":"Prinos, S.T., and Valderrama, R., 2015, Changes in the saltwater interface corresponding to the installation of a seepage barrier near Lake Okeechobee, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1256, Report: vii, 24 p.; 2 Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141256.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 24 p.; 2 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-058177","costCenters":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297981,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141256.jpg"},{"id":297979,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1256/appendix/ofr2014-1256_appendix01.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"30 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"linkHelpText":"Results of water samples from selected long-screened interval monitoring wells."},{"id":297978,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1256/pdf/ofr2014-1256.pdf","size":"6.90 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":297980,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1256/appendix/ofr2014-1256_appendix02.xlsx","text":"Appendix 2","size":"33.6 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"linkHelpText":"Results of water samples from selected short-screened interval monitoring wells."},{"id":297967,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1256/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Lake Okeechobee","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.15875244140625,\n 26.674458841825206\n ],\n [\n -81.15875244140625,\n 27.21311366818236\n ],\n [\n -80.60531616210938,\n 27.21311366818236\n ],\n [\n -80.60531616210938,\n 26.674458841825206\n ],\n [\n -81.15875244140625,\n 26.674458841825206\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54df2028e4b08de9379b3a2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prinos, Scott T. 0000-0002-5776-8956 stprinos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5776-8956","contributorId":4045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prinos","given":"Scott","email":"stprinos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Valderrama, Robert rvalder@usgs.gov","contributorId":5710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valderrama","given":"Robert","email":"rvalder@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":285,"text":"Florida Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":540581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70137951,"text":"ofr20141246 - 2015 - Water-level and wave measurements in the Chandeleur Islands, Louisiana, 2012 and 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-13T15:50:07","indexId":"ofr20141246","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-13T16:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1246","title":"Water-level and wave measurements in the Chandeleur Islands, Louisiana, 2012 and 2013","docAbstract":"This report documents measurements of atmospheric pressure, water levels, and waves made by the U.S. Geological Survey in the Chandeleur Islands, Louisiana, during 2012 and 2013 as part of the Barrier Island Evolution Research project. Simple, inexpensive pressure sensors mounted in shallow wells were buried in the beach and left for one hurricane season and one winter-storm season. Gauges with rapid-sampling pressure sensors that provided nondirectional wave data and water-level data were mounted on rugged mounts on the Chandeleur Sound side and at the base of a tower at the northern end of the island chain. Additionally, an atmospheric pressure sensor was mounted on the tower to provide a local atmospheric pressure measurement for correcting the submerged pressure records.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141246","usgsCitation":"Dickhudt, P., Sherwood, C.R., and DeWitt, N.T., 2015, Water-level and wave measurements in the Chandeleur Islands, Louisiana, 2012 and 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1246, Report: HTML Document; Report: viii, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141246.","productDescription":"Report: HTML Document; Report: viii, 49 p.","numberOfPages":"59","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2012-01-01","temporalEnd":"2013-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-056460","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297977,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141246.JPG"},{"id":297974,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1246/"},{"id":297975,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1246/ofr2014-1246-title_page.html","text":"Report (HTML format)","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":297976,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1246/pdf/ofr2014-1246.pdf","text":"Report PDF","size":"1.52 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Chandeleur Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.88763427734375,\n 30.055425546694924\n ],\n [\n -88.86703491210938,\n 30.07087666238811\n ],\n [\n -88.8196563720703,\n 30.00013836058068\n ],\n [\n -88.81004333496094,\n 29.83945268266779\n ],\n [\n -88.8519287109375,\n 29.840048293026957\n ],\n [\n -88.84025573730469,\n 29.95136495173933\n ],\n [\n -88.88763427734375,\n 30.055425546694924\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54df2032e4b08de9379b3a35","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dickhudt, Patrick J. pdickhudt@usgs.gov","contributorId":5595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickhudt","given":"Patrick J.","email":"pdickhudt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":540602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sherwood, Christopher R. 0000-0001-6135-3553 csherwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6135-3553","contributorId":2866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherwood","given":"Christopher","email":"csherwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeWitt, Nancy T. 0000-0002-2419-4087 ndewitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2419-4087","contributorId":4095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWitt","given":"Nancy","email":"ndewitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70137950,"text":"ofr20141245 - 2015 - Water-level measurements in Dauphin Island, Alabama, from the 2013 Hurricane Season","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-13T15:37:37","indexId":"ofr20141245","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-13T16:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1245","title":"Water-level measurements in Dauphin Island, Alabama, from the 2013 Hurricane Season","docAbstract":"This report describes the instrumentation, field measurements, and processing methods used by the U.S. Geological Survey to measure atmospheric pressure, water levels, and waves on Dauphin Island, Alabama, in 2013 at part of the Barrier Island Evolution Research project. Simple, inexpensive pressure sensors mounted in shallow wells were buried in the beach and left throughout the hurricane season. Additionally, an atmospheric pressure sensor was mounted on the porch of a private residence to provide a local atmospheric pressure measurement for correcting the submerged pressure records.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141245","usgsCitation":"Dickhudt, P., Sherwood, C.R., and DeWitt, N.T., 2015, Water-level measurements in Dauphin Island, Alabama, from the 2013 Hurricane Season: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1245, Report: HTML Document; Report: vii, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141245.","productDescription":"Report: HTML Document; Report: vii, 24 p.","numberOfPages":"33","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2013-01-01","temporalEnd":"2013-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-056459","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297972,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141245.JPG"},{"id":297969,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1245/"},{"id":297970,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1245/ofr2014-1245-title_page.html","text":"Report (HTML format)","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":297971,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1245/pdf/ofr2014-1245.pdf","text":"Report PDF","size":"943 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama","otherGeospatial":"Dauphin Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.13850402832031,\n 30.258029283193757\n ],\n [\n -88.14828872680664,\n 30.254174055663515\n ],\n [\n -88.1623649597168,\n 30.254470616999534\n ],\n [\n -88.20579528808594,\n 30.252246385155885\n ],\n [\n -88.20716857910156,\n 30.24824264093001\n ],\n [\n -88.19910049438477,\n 30.246908023263966\n ],\n [\n -88.13798904418945,\n 30.248835798518176\n ],\n [\n -88.13850402832031,\n 30.258029283193757\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54df2034e4b08de9379b3a37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dickhudt, Patrick J. pdickhudt@usgs.gov","contributorId":5595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickhudt","given":"Patrick J.","email":"pdickhudt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":540595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sherwood, Christopher R. 0000-0001-6135-3553 csherwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6135-3553","contributorId":2866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherwood","given":"Christopher","email":"csherwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeWitt, Nancy T. 0000-0002-2419-4087 ndewitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2419-4087","contributorId":4095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWitt","given":"Nancy","email":"ndewitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70140265,"text":"ofr20151026 - 2015 - Evaluation of aquifer interconnection from aquifer characteristics computed by using specific capacity data within the vicinity of the Tremont Barrel Fill site, Clark County, Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-12T16:17:16","indexId":"ofr20151026","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-12T17:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1026","title":"Evaluation of aquifer interconnection from aquifer characteristics computed by using specific capacity data within the vicinity of the Tremont Barrel Fill site, Clark County, Ohio","docAbstract":"The Tremont Barrel Fill site is immediately north of the Tremont City Landfill near Tremont City, Clark County, Ohio. The site was an unlined pit used as a repository for disposing industrial liquid wastes and sludge from 1976 through 1979. Previous investigations led the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) to conclude that the site poses a contamination risk to nearby residents relying on private supply wells opened to the underlying deep sand and gravel and limestone aquifers. The USEPA also concluded there is a potential risk to the residents of the nearby Tremont City; the city obtains its municipal water supply from the Mad River Valley aquifer, which is recharged by the adjacent limestone aquifer. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) assessed the degree of hydraulic interconnection, and thus possible contaminant pathway(s), between the two aquifers (the sand and gravel and the limestone) underlying the Barrel Fill site, with consideration for the impact of an identified interconnection between the limestone and the Mad River Valley aquifer used for municipal supply.
\nAquifer interconnection between the sand and gravel aquifer overlying the limestone aquifer is assessed by analysis of specific capacity data from well-construction logs for derivation of estimates of transmissivity (T) and horizontal hydraulic conductivity (Kh). Data of this nature is limited in the control or knowledge about how well these data were collected and reported; therefore, the T and Kh are estimations. Similar values of T and Kh are used to infer the degree of aquifer interconnection based on the USEPA Hazard Ranking System, which states that aquifers are considered interconnected when the hydraulic conductivities are within two orders of magnitude.
\nThe results of the hydraulic analysis from 127 wells open to either the sand and gravel or the limestone aquifer indicate that the transmissivity of these aquifers is within one order of magnitude and horizontal hydraulic conductivity is within two orders of magnitude. As such, on the basis of the applied ranking system the two aquifers can be considered hydraulically interconnected.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151026","usgsCitation":"Gahala, A.M., 2015, Evaluation of aquifer interconnection from aquifer characteristics computed by using specific capacity data within the vicinity of the Tremont Barrel Fill site, Clark County, Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1026, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151026.","productDescription":"27 p.","numberOfPages":"31","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061351","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297953,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151026.jpg"},{"id":297951,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1026/"},{"id":297952,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1026/pdf/ofr2015-1026.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.0 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","otherGeospatial":"Clark County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.96987915039061,\n 39.839122664473194\n ],\n [\n -83.96987915039061,\n 40.00552775916049\n ],\n [\n -83.6334228515625,\n 40.00552775916049\n ],\n [\n -83.6334228515625,\n 39.839122664473194\n ],\n [\n -83.96987915039061,\n 39.839122664473194\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54ddcea6e4b08de9379b3932","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gahala, Amy M. 0000-0003-2380-2973 agahala@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2380-2973","contributorId":4396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gahala","given":"Amy","email":"agahala@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70140818,"text":"ofr20141248 - 2015 - Magnetotelluric data collected to characterize aquifers in the San Luis Basin, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-11T09:38:42","indexId":"ofr20141248","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-11T09:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1248","title":"Magnetotelluric data collected to characterize aquifers in the San Luis Basin, New Mexico","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey is conducting a series of multidisciplinary studies of the San Luis Basin as part of the Geologic Framework of Rio Grande Basins project. Detailed geologic mapping, high-resolution airborne magnetic surveys, gravity surveys, magnetotelluric surveys, and hydrologic and lithologic data are being used to better understand the aquifers in the San Luis Basin. This report describes one north-south and two east-west regional magnetotelluric sounding profiles, acquired in June of 2010 and July and August of 2011, across the San Luis Basin in northern New Mexico. No interpretation of the data is included.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141248","usgsCitation":"Ailes, C.E., and Rodriguez, B.D., 2015, Magnetotelluric data collected to characterize aquifers in the San Luis Basin, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1248, Report: iv, 9 p.; Table 2; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141248.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 9 p.; Table 2; Appendix","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-038565","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297912,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141248.jpg"},{"id":297905,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1248/"},{"id":297909,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1248/pdf/ofr2014-1248.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":297910,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1248/downloads/ofr2014-1248_Table2.xls","text":"Table 2","size":"1.27 MB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Table 2"},{"id":297911,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1248/downloads/ofr2014-1248_Appendix.pdf","size":"79.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Appendix"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"San Luis Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.28036499023438,\n 36.147855714690515\n ],\n [\n -106.28036499023438,\n 36.99377838872517\n ],\n [\n -105.10345458984375,\n 36.99377838872517\n ],\n [\n -105.10345458984375,\n 36.147855714690515\n ],\n [\n -106.28036499023438,\n 36.147855714690515\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a94e4b08de9379b310e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ailes, Chad E. cailes@usgs.gov","contributorId":3995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ailes","given":"Chad","email":"cailes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodriguez, Brian D. 0000-0002-2263-611X brod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2263-611X","contributorId":836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"Brian","email":"brod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70140628,"text":"ofr20151028 - 2015 - Strike-parallel and strike-normal coordinate system around geometrically complicated rupture traces: use by NGA-West2 and further improvements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-11T09:20:44","indexId":"ofr20151028","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-11T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1028","title":"Strike-parallel and strike-normal coordinate system around geometrically complicated rupture traces: use by NGA-West2 and further improvements","docAbstract":"We present a two-dimensional system of generalized coordinates for use with geometrically complex fault ruptures that are neither straight nor continuous. The coordinates are a generalization of the conventional strike-normal and strike-parallel coordinates of a single straight fault. The presented conventions and formulations are applicable to a single curved trace, as well as multiple traces representing the rupture of branching faults or noncontiguous faults. An early application of our generalized system is in the second round of the Next Generation of Ground-Motion Attenuation Model project for the Western United States (NGA-West2), where they were used in the characterization of the hanging-wall effects. We further improve the NGA-West2 strike-parallel formulation for multiple rupture traces with a more intuitive definition of the nominal strike direction. We also derive an analytical expression for the gradient of the generalized strike-normal coordinate. The direction of this gradient may be used as the strike-normal direction in the study of polarization effects on ground motions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151028","usgsCitation":"Spudich, P.A., and Chiou, B., 2015, Strike-parallel and strike-normal coordinate system around geometrically complicated rupture traces: use by NGA-West2 and further improvements: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1028, iv, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151028.","productDescription":"iv, 20 p.","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062882","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297908,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151028.PNG"},{"id":297903,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1028/"},{"id":297907,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1028/pdf/ofr2015-1028.pdf","text":"Report","size":"938 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2ab9e4b08de9379b31ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spudich, Paul A. 0000-0002-9484-4997 spudich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9484-4997","contributorId":2372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spudich","given":"Paul","email":"spudich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chiou, Brian","contributorId":139219,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chiou","given":"Brian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":540412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70138830,"text":"ofr20151012 - 2015 - Simulations of a hypothetical temperature control structure at Detroit Dam on the North Santiam River, northwestern Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-06T13:46:26","indexId":"ofr20151012","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-06T13:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1012","title":"Simulations of a hypothetical temperature control structure at Detroit Dam on the North Santiam River, northwestern Oregon","docAbstract":"Water temperature models of Detroit Lake, Big Cliff Lake, and the North Santiam River in northwestern Oregon were used to assess the potential for a hypothetical structure with variable intake elevations and an internal connection to power turbines at Detroit Dam (scenario SlidingWeir) to release more natural, pre-dam temperatures year round. This hypothetical structure improved outflow temperature control from Detroit Dam while meeting minimum dry-season release rates and lake levels specified by the rule curve specified for Detroit Lake.
\nA water temperature target based on long-term, without-dams temperature estimates was developed and used to guide the Detroit Lake model to blend releases from the user-defined outlets at Detroit Dam. Simulations that included warm surface water releases during the spring and summer, and cool, deep hypolimnetic water releases later during autumn typically met the temperature target. Immediately downstream of Detroit Dam, these simulations resulted in temperatures within the range of the without-dams temperature estimates for most of the year until about November. The minimum release rates of flow imposed at Detroit Dam during late summer and early autumn exceeded unregulated, without-dams flow estimates. This higher flow led to temperatures near the low end of the without-dams temperature range 46.3 river miles downstream at Greens Bridge from July to September; the high flows released from Detroit Dam were less susceptible to downstream warming than the low unregulated flows. Simulations that blended warm and cool water from different outlets at Detroit Dam resulted in less daily temperature variation compared to the without-dams scenarios as far downstream as Greens Bridge.
\nEstimated egg-emergence days for endangered Upper Willamette River Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and Upper Willamette River winter steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were assessed for all scenarios. Estimated spring Chinook fry emergence under SlidingWeir scenarios was 9 days later immediately downstream of Big Cliff Dam, and 4 days later at Greens Bridge compared with existing structural scenarios at Detroit Dam. Despite the inclusion of a hypothetical sliding weir at Detroit Dam, temperatures exceeded without-dams temperatures during November and December. These late-autumn exceedances likely represent the residual thermal effect of Detroit Lake operated to meet minimum dry-season release rates (supporting instream habitat and irrigation requirements) and lake levels specified by the current (2014) operating rules (supporting recreation and flood mitigation).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151012","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Buccola, N.L., Stonewall, A.J., and Rounds, S.A., 2015, Simulations of a hypothetical temperature control structure at Detroit Dam on the North Santiam River, northwestern Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1012, vi, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151012.","productDescription":"vi, 30 p.","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057390","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297807,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151012.JPG"},{"id":297805,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1012/"},{"id":297806,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1012/pdf/ofr2015-1012.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 10","datum":"North American Datum of 1927","country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Big Cliff Lake, Detroit Lake, North Santiam River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.20068359374999,\n 44.469071224701096\n ],\n [\n -123.20068359374999,\n 44.912304304581525\n ],\n [\n -121.77246093750001,\n 44.912304304581525\n ],\n [\n -121.77246093750001,\n 44.469071224701096\n ],\n [\n -123.20068359374999,\n 44.469071224701096\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2ab4e4b08de9379b3194","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buccola, Norman L. nbuccola@usgs.gov","contributorId":139094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buccola","given":"Norman","email":"nbuccola@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":539999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stonewall, Adam J. 0000-0002-3277-8736 stonewal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3277-8736","contributorId":138801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stonewall","given":"Adam","email":"stonewal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":540000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rounds, Stewart A. 0000-0002-8540-2206 sarounds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8540-2206","contributorId":905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rounds","given":"Stewart","email":"sarounds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70140180,"text":"ofr20151027 - 2015 - Improved algorithms in the CE-QUAL-W2 water-quality model for blending dam releases to meet downstream water-temperature targets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-06T12:51:55","indexId":"ofr20151027","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-06T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1027","title":"Improved algorithms in the CE-QUAL-W2 water-quality model for blending dam releases to meet downstream water-temperature targets","docAbstract":"Water-quality models allow water resource professionals to examine conditions under an almost unlimited variety of potential future scenarios. The two-dimensional (longitudinal, vertical) water-quality model CE-QUAL-W2, version 3.7, was enhanced and augmented with new features to help dam operators and managers explore and optimize potential solutions for temperature management downstream of thermally stratified reservoirs. Such temperature management often is accomplished by blending releases from multiple dam outlets that access water of different temperatures at different depths. The modified blending algorithm in version 3.7 of CE-QUAL-W2 allows the user to specify a time-series of target release temperatures, designate from 2 to 10 floating or fixed-elevation outlets for blending, impose minimum and maximum head and flow constraints for any blended outlet, and set priority designations for each outlet that allow the model to choose which outlets to use and how to balance releases among them. The modified model was tested with a variety of examples and against a previously calibrated model of Detroit Lake on the North Santiam River in northwestern Oregon, and the results compared well. These updates to the blending algorithms will allow more complicated dam-operation scenarios to be evaluated somewhat automatically with the model, with decreased need for multiple model runs or preprocessing of model inputs to fully characterize the operational constraints.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151027","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Rounds, S.A., and Buccola, N., 2015, Improved algorithms in the CE-QUAL-W2 water-quality model for blending dam releases to meet downstream water-temperature targets: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1027, Report: vi, 36 p.; Examples; Model Source, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151027.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 36 p.; Examples; Model Source","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-057372","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297791,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151027.JPG"},{"id":297788,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1027/pdf/ofr2015-1027.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":297787,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1027/"},{"id":297789,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1027/downloads/ofr2015-1027_code_changes_examples.zip","text":"Examples","size":"17.2 MB","description":"Examples"},{"id":297790,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1027/downloads/ofr2015-1027_code_changes_model_source.zip","text":"Model Source","size":"2.7 MB","description":"Model Source"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a88e4b08de9379b30da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rounds, Stewart A. 0000-0002-8540-2206 sarounds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8540-2206","contributorId":905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rounds","given":"Stewart","email":"sarounds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buccola, Norman L. nbuccola@usgs.gov","contributorId":138859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buccola","given":"Norman L.","email":"nbuccola@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":539981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70138587,"text":"ofr20151009 - 2015 - Update of the Graizer-Kalkan ground-motion prediction equations for shallow crustal continental earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-11T09:05:10","indexId":"ofr20151009","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-05T14:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1009","title":"Update of the Graizer-Kalkan ground-motion prediction equations for shallow crustal continental earthquakes","docAbstract":"A ground-motion prediction equation (GMPE) for computing medians and standard deviations of peak ground acceleration and 5-percent damped pseudo spectral acceleration response ordinates of maximum horizontal component of randomly oriented ground motions was developed by Graizer and Kalkan (2007, 2009) to be used for seismic hazard analyses and engineering applications. This GMPE was derived from the greatly expanded Next Generation of Attenuation (NGA)-West1 database. In this study, Graizer and Kalkan’s GMPE is revised to include (1) an anelastic attenuation term as a function of quality factor (Q0) in order to capture regional differences in large-distance attenuation and (2) a new frequency-dependent sedimentary-basin scaling term as a function of depth to the 1.5-km/s shear-wave velocity isosurface to improve ground-motion predictions for sites on deep sedimentary basins. The new model (GK15), developed to be simple, is applicable to the western United States and other regions with shallow continental crust in active tectonic environments and may be used for earthquakes with moment magnitudes 5.0–8.0, distances 0–250 km, average shear-wave velocities 200–1,300 m/s, and spectral periods 0.01–5 s. Directivity effects are not explicitly modeled but are included through the variability of the data. Our aleatory variability model captures inter-event variability, which decreases with magnitude and increases with distance. The mixed-effects residuals analysis shows that the GK15 reveals no trend with respect to the independent parameters. The GK15 is a significant improvement over Graizer and Kalkan (2007, 2009), and provides a demonstrable, reliable description of ground-motion amplitudes recorded from shallow crustal earthquakes in active tectonic regions over a wide range of magnitudes, distances, and site conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151009","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission","usgsCitation":"Graizer, V., and Kalkan, E., 2015, Update of the Graizer-Kalkan ground-motion prediction equations for shallow crustal continental earthquakes: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1009, vii, 79 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151009.","productDescription":"vii, 79 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049464","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297762,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151009.gif"},{"id":297761,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1009/downloads/ofr2015-1009.pdf","text":"Report","size":"21 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":297760,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1009/"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2ac7e4b08de9379b31ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graizer, Vladimir","contributorId":138813,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Graizer","given":"Vladimir","affiliations":[{"id":12536,"text":"U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kalkan, Erol 0000-0002-9138-9407 ekalkan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9138-9407","contributorId":1218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalkan","given":"Erol","email":"ekalkan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70138588,"text":"ofr20151008 - 2015 - Social Values for Ecosystem Services, version 3.0 (SolVES 3.0): documentation and user manual","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-04T14:31:17","indexId":"ofr20151008","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-04T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1008","title":"Social Values for Ecosystem Services, version 3.0 (SolVES 3.0): documentation and user manual","docAbstract":"The geographic information system (GIS) tool, Social Values for Ecosystem Services (SolVES), was developed to incorporate quantified and spatially explicit measures of social values into ecosystem service assessments. SolVES 3.0 continues to extend the functionality of SolVES, which was designed to assess, map, and quantify the social values of ecosystem services. Social values—the perceived, nonmarket values the public ascribes to ecosystem services, particularly cultural services, such as aesthetics and recreation—can be evaluated for various stakeholder groups. These groups are distinguishable by their attitudes and preferences regarding public uses, such as motorized recreation and logging. As with previous versions, SolVES 3.0 derives a quantitative 10-point, social-values metric—the value index—from a combination of spatial and nonspatial responses to public value and preference surveys. The tool also calculates metrics characterizing the underlying environment, such as average distance to water and dominant landcover. SolVES 3.0 is integrated with Maxent maximum entropy modeling software to generate more complete social-value maps and offer robust statistical models describing the relationship between the value index and explanatory environmental variables. A model’s goodness of fit to a primary study area and its potential performance in transferring social values to similar areas using value-transfer methodology can be evaluated. SolVES 3.0 provides an improved public-domain tool for decision makers and researchers to evaluate the social values of ecosystem services and to facilitate discussions among diverse stakeholders regarding the tradeoffs among ecosystem services in a variety of physical and social contexts ranging from forest and rangeland to coastal and marine.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151008","usgsCitation":"Sherrouse, B.C., and Semmens, D.J., 2015, Social Values for Ecosystem Services, version 3.0 (SolVES 3.0): documentation and user manual: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1008, Report: vi, 65 p.; SolVES 3.0, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151008.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 65 p.; SolVES 3.0","startPage":"65","numberOfPages":"71","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-059598","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297741,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151008.jpg"},{"id":297738,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1008/"},{"id":297739,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1008/pdf/ofr2015-1008.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.98 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":297740,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1008/downloads/SolVES_V3.zip","text":"SolVES 3.0","size":"54.2 MB","description":"SolVES 3.0"}],"publicComments":"Land Change Science Program","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2ab4e4b08de9379b3198","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sherrouse, Benson C. 0000-0002-5102-5895 bcsherrouse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5102-5895","contributorId":2445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrouse","given":"Benson","email":"bcsherrouse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Semmens, Darius J. 0000-0001-7924-6529 dsemmens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7924-6529","contributorId":1714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Semmens","given":"Darius","email":"dsemmens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70139778,"text":"ofr20151023 - 2015 - Geologic map of the Patagonia Mountains, Santa Cruz County, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-05T12:54:00","indexId":"ofr20151023","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-04T13:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1023","title":"Geologic map of the Patagonia Mountains, Santa Cruz County, Arizona","docAbstract":"The Patagonia Mountains contain two large porphyry Cu-Mo systems each with separate associated hypogene and supergene zones, two high-grade Cu-Mo breccia pipes, one large epithermal Ag-Pb-Zn-Mn deposit, and numerous additional areas of base- and precious-metal mineralization all zoned around a Laramide-age composite batholith of intermediate composition. Compilations and new work by Vikre and others (2014) have identified as many as eight separate intrusive phases of the batholith and five separate hydrothermal events spanning at least 16 m.y., in addition to a supergene enrichment event of middle Tertiary age. The geologic map presents a spatial context for this important new information that is intended to support further work in this highly mineralized region.
\nSeveral spatial databases provide data for the geologic map of the Patagonia Mountains in Arizona. The data can be viewed and queried in ArcGIS 10, a geographic information system; a geologic map is also available in PDF format. All products are available online only.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151023","usgsCitation":"Graybeal, F., Moyer, L.A., Vikre, P.G., Dunlap, P., and Wallis, J., 2015, Geologic map of the Patagonia Mountains, Santa Cruz County, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1023, Pamphlet: 10 p.; Mapsheet: 38.57 x 31.32 inches; Spatial database; Readme; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151023.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: 10 p.; Mapsheet: 38.57 x 31.32 inches; Spatial database; Readme; Metadata","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-056357","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297737,"rank":5,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151023.gif"},{"id":297734,"rank":1,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1023/downloads/GIS_PatagoniaMtns.zip","text":"Spatial database","size":"8.5 MB","description":"Spatial database","linkHelpText":"Contains: geospatial database. Refer to the Readme and Metadata files (all metadata files are zipped as a single file) for more information."},{"id":297735,"rank":2,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1023/readme.txt"},{"id":297736,"rank":3,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1023/Metadata.zip"},{"id":297733,"rank":4,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1023/"}],"scale":"48000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1927","country":"United States","state":"Arizona","county":"Santa Cruz County","otherGeospatial":"Patagonia Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.83934783935547,\n 31.332818285711372\n ],\n [\n -110.83934783935547,\n 31.538456424018218\n ],\n [\n -110.63060760498047,\n 31.538456424018218\n ],\n [\n -110.63060760498047,\n 31.332818285711372\n ],\n [\n -110.83934783935547,\n 31.332818285711372\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a81e4b08de9379b30ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graybeal, Frederick","contributorId":139000,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Graybeal","given":"Frederick","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12586,"text":"Consultant","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":539838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moyer, Lorre A.","contributorId":106152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moyer","given":"Lorre","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vikre, Peter G. 0000-0001-7895-5972 pvikre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7895-5972","contributorId":139033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vikre","given":"Peter","email":"pvikre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dunlap, Pamela pdunlap@usgs.gov","contributorId":5329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunlap","given":"Pamela","email":"pdunlap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wallis, John C.","contributorId":45755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallis","given":"John C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70134058,"text":"ofr20141241 - 2015 - Movements of wild pigs in Louisiana and Mississippi, 2011-13","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-04T11:11:07","indexId":"ofr20141241","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-04T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1241","title":"Movements of wild pigs in Louisiana and Mississippi, 2011-13","docAbstract":"The prolific breeding capability, behavioral adaptation, and adverse environmental impacts of invasive wild pigs (Sus scrofa) have increased efforts towards managing their populations and understanding their movements. Currently, little is known about wild pig populations and movements in Louisiana and Mississippi. From 2011 to 2013, the U.S. Geological Survey investigated spatial and temporal movements of wild pigs in both marsh and nonmarsh physiographic regions. Twenty-one Global Positioning System satellite telemetry tracking collars were installed on adult wild pigs captured with trained dogs and released. Coordinates of their locations were recorded hourly. We collected 16,674 hourly data points including date, time, air temperature, and position during a 3-year study. Solar and lunar attributes, such as sun and moon phases and azimuth angles, were not related significantly to the movements among wild pigs. Movements were significantly correlated negatively with air temperature. Differences in movements between seasons and years were observed. On average, movements of boars were significantly greater than those of sows. Average home range, determined by using a minimum convex polygon as a proxy, was 911 hectares for boars, whereas average home range for sows was 116 hectares. Wild pigs in marsh habitat traveled lesser distances relative to those from more arid, nonmarsh habitats. Overall, results of this study indicate that wild pigs in Louisiana and Mississippi have small home ranges. These small home ranges suggest that natural movements have not been a major factor in the recent broad-scale range expansion observed in this species in the United States.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141241","usgsCitation":"Hartley, S.B., Goatcher, B.L., and Sapkota, S., 2015, Movements of wild pigs in Louisiana and Mississippi, 2011-13: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1241, Report: vi, 11 p.; Data, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141241.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 11 p.; Data","numberOfPages":"21","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2011-01-01","temporalEnd":"2013-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-057377","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297731,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141241.jpg"},{"id":297729,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1241/pdf/ofr2014-1241.pdf","text":"Report","size":"793 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":297730,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1241/downloads/of2014-1241_data.xlsx","text":"Data","size":"1.95 MB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Data"},{"id":297728,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1241/"}],"projection":"Albers Equal-Area Conic projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Louisiana, Mississippi","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.812255859375,\n 32.05930026106166\n ],\n [\n -93.812255859375,\n 32.90726224488304\n ],\n [\n -93.2464599609375,\n 32.90726224488304\n ],\n [\n -93.2464599609375,\n 32.05930026106166\n ],\n [\n -93.812255859375,\n 32.05930026106166\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.8399658203125,\n 29.568679425235135\n ],\n [\n -92.8399658203125,\n 30.420256142845158\n ],\n [\n -91.4556884765625,\n 30.420256142845158\n ],\n [\n -91.4556884765625,\n 29.568679425235135\n ],\n [\n -92.8399658203125,\n 29.568679425235135\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.703369140625,\n 30.164126343161097\n ],\n [\n -89.703369140625,\n 30.500750980290693\n ],\n [\n -89.1485595703125,\n 30.500750980290693\n ],\n [\n -89.1485595703125,\n 30.164126343161097\n ],\n [\n -89.703369140625,\n 30.164126343161097\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a9ce4b08de9379b3139","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hartley, Stephen B. 0000-0003-1380-2769 hartleys@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1380-2769","contributorId":4164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartley","given":"Stephen","email":"hartleys@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goatcher, Buddy L.","contributorId":106361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goatcher","given":"Buddy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":525669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sapkota, Sijan sapkotas@usgs.gov","contributorId":2995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sapkota","given":"Sijan","email":"sapkotas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70140152,"text":"ofr20141258 - 2015 - Lake Michigan Diversion Accounting land cover change estimation by use of the National Land Cover Dataset and raingage network partitioning analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-04T10:58:40","indexId":"ofr20141258","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-04T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1258","title":"Lake Michigan Diversion Accounting land cover change estimation by use of the National Land Cover Dataset and raingage network partitioning analysis","docAbstract":"The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), Chicago District, is responsible for monitoring and computation of the quantity of Lake Michigan water diverted by the State of Illinois. As part of this effort, the USACE uses the Hydrological Simulation Program–FORTRAN (HSPF) with measured meteorological data inputs to estimate runoff from the Lake Michigan diversion special contributing areas (SCAs), the North Branch Chicago River above Niles and the Little Calumet River above South Holland gaged basins, and the Lower Des Plaines and the Calumet ungaged that historically drained to Lake Michigan. These simulated runoffs are used for estimating the total runoff component from the diverted Lake Michigan watershed, which is accountable to the total diversion by the State of Illinois. The runoff is simulated from three interpreted land cover types in the HSPF models: impervious, grass, and forest. The three land cover data types currently in use were derived from aerial photographs acquired in the early 1990s.
\nThis study used the National Land Cover Dataset (NLCD) and developed an automated process for determining the area of the three land cover types, thereby allowing faster updating of future models, and for evaluating land cover changes by use of historical NLCD datasets. The study also carried out a raingage partitioning analysis so that the segmentation of land cover and rainfall in each modeled unit is directly applicable to the HSPF modeling. Historical and existing impervious, grass, and forest land acreages partitioned by percentages covered by two sets of raingages for the Lake Michigan diversion SCAs, gaged basins, and ungaged basins are presented.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141258","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Chicago District","usgsCitation":"Sharpe, J.B., and Soong, D.T., 2015, Lake Michigan Diversion Accounting land cover change estimation by use of the National Land Cover Dataset and raingage network partitioning analysis: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1258, Report: iv, 12 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141258.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 12 p.; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-060110","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297727,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141258.jpg"},{"id":297724,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1258/"},{"id":297725,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1258/pdf/ofr2014-1258.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.12 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":297726,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1258/downloads/ofr2014-1258_tables5-20.xlsx","text":"Downloads Directory","description":"Downloads Directory","linkHelpText":"Contains: Excel spreadsheets of tables 5 through 20."}],"projection":"Albers Equal-Area Conic Projection","country":"United States","state":"Illinois","otherGeospatial":"Calumet River, Lake Michigan, Little Calumet River, Lower Des Plaines River, North Branch Chicago River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.989501953125,\n 41.3500103516271\n ],\n [\n -87.989501953125,\n 42.370720143531955\n ],\n [\n -87.286376953125,\n 42.370720143531955\n ],\n [\n -87.286376953125,\n 41.3500103516271\n ],\n [\n -87.989501953125,\n 41.3500103516271\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a8de4b08de9379b30ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sharpe, Jennifer B. 0000-0002-5192-7848 jbsharpe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5192-7848","contributorId":2825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharpe","given":"Jennifer","email":"jbsharpe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Soong, David T. dsoong@usgs.gov","contributorId":2230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soong","given":"David","email":"dsoong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":539830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70139655,"text":"ofr20141238 - 2015 - Maps showing the change in modern sediment thickness on the Inner Continental Shelf offshore of Fire Island, New York, between 1996-97 and 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-03T11:45:19","indexId":"ofr20141238","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-03T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1238","title":"Maps showing the change in modern sediment thickness on the Inner Continental Shelf offshore of Fire Island, New York, between 1996-97 and 2011","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey mapped approximately 336 square kilometers of the lower shoreface and inner continental shelf offshore of Fire Island, New York, in 1996 and 1997, using high-resolution sidescan-sonar and seismic-reflection systems, and again in 2011, using interferometric sonar and high-resolution chirp seismic-reflection systems. This report presents a comparison of sediment thickness and distribution as mapped during these two investigations. These spatial data support research on the Quaternary evolution of the Fire Island coastal system and provide baseline information for research on coastal processes along southern Long Island.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141238","usgsCitation":"Schwab, W.C., Baldwin, W.E., and Denny, J.F., 2015, Maps showing the change in modern sediment thickness on the Inner Continental Shelf offshore of Fire Island, New York, between 1996-97 and 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1238, Report: HTML Document; Report: v, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141238.","productDescription":"Report: HTML Document; Report: v, 8 p.","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1996-01-01","temporalEnd":"2011-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-058163","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297710,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141238.JPG"},{"id":297709,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1238/pdf/ofr2014-1238.pdf","text":"Report (PDF format)","size":"2.42 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":297707,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1238/"},{"id":297708,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1238/ofr2014-1238-title_page.html","text":"Report (HTML format)","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"World Geodetic System 1984","country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Fire Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.3392333984375,\n 40.64521960545374\n ],\n [\n -72.43560791015625,\n 40.887562618139405\n ],\n [\n -72.41912841796875,\n 40.63375667842965\n ],\n [\n -73.32412719726562,\n 40.42395127765169\n ],\n [\n -73.3392333984375,\n 40.64521960545374\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a95e4b08de9379b3115","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwab, William C. 0000-0001-9274-5154 bschwab@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9274-5154","contributorId":417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwab","given":"William","email":"bschwab@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baldwin, Wayne E. 0000-0001-5886-0917 wbaldwin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5886-0917","contributorId":1321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldwin","given":"Wayne","email":"wbaldwin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Denny, Jane F. 0000-0002-3472-618X jdenny@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3472-618X","contributorId":418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denny","given":"Jane","email":"jdenny@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70139779,"text":"ofr20151020 - 2015 - Mercury and selenium contamination in waterbird eggs and risk to avian reproduction at Great Salt Lake, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-30T11:37:38.243248","indexId":"ofr20151020","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-02T16:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1020","title":"Mercury and selenium contamination in waterbird eggs and risk to avian reproduction at Great Salt Lake, Utah","docAbstract":"The wetlands of the Great Salt Lake ecosystem are recognized regionally, nationally, and hemispherically for their importance as breeding, wintering, and migratory habitat for diverse groups of waterbirds. Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge is the largest freshwater component of the Great Salt Lake ecosystem and provides critical breeding habitat for more than 60 bird species. However, the Great Salt Lake ecosystem also has a history of both mercury and selenium contamination, and this pollution could reduce the health and reproductive success of waterbirds. The overall objective of this study was to evaluate the risk of mercury and selenium contamination to birds breeding within Great Salt Lake, especially at Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge, and to identify the waterbird species and areas at greatest risk to contamination. We sampled eggs from 33 species of birds breeding within wetlands of Great Salt Lake during 2010 ̶ 2012 and focused on American avocets (Recurvirostra americana), black-necked stilts (Himantopus mexicanus), Forster’s terns (Sterna forsteri), white-faced ibis (Plegadis chihi), and marsh wrens (Cistothorus palustris) for additional studies of the effects of contaminants on reproduction.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151020","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Ackerman, J., Herzog, M., Hartman, C.A., Isanhart, J., Herring, G., Vaughn, S., Cavitt, J.F., Eagles-Smith, C.A., Browers, H., Cline, C., and Vest, J., 2015, Mercury and selenium contamination in waterbird eggs and risk to avian reproduction at Great Salt Lake, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1020, Report: x, 164 p.; Data Release, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151020.","productDescription":"Report: x, 164 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"178","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061800","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research 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planning","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-08T13:32:17","indexId":"ofr20151017","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-02T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1017","title":"A framework for modeling anthropogenic impacts on waterbird habitats: addressing future uncertainty in conservation planning","docAbstract":"The amount and quality of natural resources available for terrestrial and aquatic wildlife habitats are expected to decrease throughout the world in areas that are intensively managed for urban and agricultural uses. Changes in climate and management of increasingly limited water supplies may further impact water resources essential for sustaining habitats. In this report, we document adapting a Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) system model for the Central Valley of California. We demonstrate using this adapted model (WEAP-CVwh) to evaluate impacts produced from plausible future scenarios on agricultural and wetland habitats used by waterbirds and other wildlife. Processed output from WEAP-CVwh indicated varying levels of impact caused by projected climate, urbanization, and water supply management in scenarios used to exemplify this approach. Among scenarios, the NCAR-CCSM3 A2 climate projection had a greater impact than the CNRM-CM3 B1 climate projection, whereas expansive urbanization had a greater impact than strategic urbanization, on annual availability of waterbird habitat. Scenarios including extensive rice-idling or substantial instream flow requirements on important water supply sources produced large impacts on annual availability of waterbird habitat. In the year corresponding with the greatest habitat reduction for each scenario, the scenario including instream flow requirements resulted in the greatest decrease in habitats throughout all months of the wintering period relative to other scenarios. This approach provides a new and useful tool for habitat conservation planning in the Central Valley and a model to guide similar research investigations aiming to inform conservation, management, and restoration of important wildlife habitats.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151017","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California Landscape Conservation Cooperative, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Matchett, E., Fleskes, J.P., Young, C., and Purkey, D.R., 2015, A framework for modeling anthropogenic impacts on waterbird habitats: addressing future uncertainty in conservation planning: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1017, vi, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151017.","productDescription":"vi, 40 p.","numberOfPages":"50","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053267","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334995,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7H13050","text":"Data for projected impacts of climate, urbanization, water management, and wetland restoration on waterbird habitat in California’s Central Valley"},{"id":297683,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1017/"},{"id":297684,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151017.PNG"},{"id":297685,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1017/pdf/ofr2015-1017.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Central Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.16748046874999,\n 34.59704151614417\n ],\n [\n -124.16748046874999,\n 40.68063802521456\n ],\n [\n -119.68505859375,\n 40.68063802521456\n ],\n [\n -119.68505859375,\n 34.59704151614417\n ],\n [\n -124.16748046874999,\n 34.59704151614417\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a4ae4b08de9379b2fc4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Matchett, Elliott 0000-0001-5095-2884 ematchett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5095-2884","contributorId":5541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matchett","given":"Elliott","email":"ematchett@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fleskes, Joseph P. 0000-0001-5388-6675 joe_fleskes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5388-6675","contributorId":1889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleskes","given":"Joseph","email":"joe_fleskes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":539695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Young, Charles A.","contributorId":139008,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Young","given":"Charles A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Purkey, David R.","contributorId":139005,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Purkey","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70137956,"text":"ofr20151007 - 2015 - Geospatial datasets for assessing the effects of rangeland conditions on dissolved-solids yields in the Upper Colorado River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-12T17:29:26","indexId":"ofr20151007","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-02T08:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1007","title":"Geospatial datasets for assessing the effects of rangeland conditions on dissolved-solids yields in the Upper Colorado River Basin","docAbstract":"In 2009, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) developed a Spatially Referenced Regressions on Watershed Attributes (SPARROW) surface-water quality model for the Upper Colorado River Basin (UCRB) relating dissolved-solids sources and transport in the 1991 water year to upstream catchment characteristics. The SPARROW model focused on geologic and agricultural sources of dissolved solids in the UCRB and was calibrated using water-year 1991 dissolved-solids loads from 218 monitoring sites. A new UCRB SPARROW model is planned that will update the investigation of dissolved-solids sources and transport in the basin to circa 2010 conditions and will improve upon the 2009 model by incorporating more detailed information about agricultural-irrigation and rangeland-management practices, among other improvements. Geospatial datasets relating to circa 2010 rangeland conditions are required for the new UCRB SPARROW modeling effort. This study compiled geospatial datasets for the UCRB that relate to the biotic alterations and rangeland conditions of grazing, fire and other land disturbance, and vegetation type and cover. Datasets representing abiotic alterations of access control (off-highway vehicles) and sediment generation and transport in general, were also compiled. These geospatial datasets may be tested in the upcoming SPARROW model to better understand the potential contribution of rangelands to dissolved-solids loading in UCRB streams.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151007","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Tillman, F., Flynn, M., and Anning, D.W., 2015, Geospatial datasets for assessing the effects of rangeland conditions on dissolved-solids yields in the Upper Colorado River Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1007, Report: v, 21 p.; 6 Geospatial Datasets, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151007.","productDescription":"Report: v, 21 p.; 6 Geospatial Datasets","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-060100","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297671,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151007.gif"},{"id":297670,"rank":9,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1007/downloads/datasets/UCRB_R-factor.zip","text":"Rainfall-Runoff Erosivity","size":"962 kB","description":"Geospatial dataset","linkHelpText":"This tabular dataset presents the 1971–2000 average annual rainfall-runoff erosivity factor (R-factor) for the UCRB. 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The 2010 existing vegetation cover (EVC) layer represents the vertically projected percent cover of the live canopy layer. The 2010 existing vegetation type (EVT) layer represents the species composition. Spatially, both grids cover the entire UCRB and have a 30-meter pixel resolution."},{"id":297664,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1007/downloads/OFR2015-1007.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":297666,"rank":5,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1007/downloads/datasets/2010_UCRB_USFS_Grazing_projected.zip","text":"U.S. Forest Service Grazing","size":"3.8 MB","description":"Geospatial dataset","linkHelpText":"The shapefile contains 444 polygons of USFS grazing allotments within or bordering the UCRB (fig. 4). 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habitats, and geology within the 3-nautical-mile limit of California’s State Waters. The CSMP approach is to create highly detailed seafloor maps through collection, integration, interpretation, and visualization of swath sonar data, acoustic backscatter, seafloor video, seafloor photography, high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles, and bottom-sediment sampling data. The map products display seafloor morphology and character, identify potential marine benthic habitats, and illustrate both the surficial seafloor geology and shallow (to about 100 m) subsurface geology.
\nThe Offshore of Pacifica map area is located in northern California, on the Pacific coast of the San Francisco Peninsula about 10 kilometers south of the Golden Gate. The map area extends from Daly City, through Pacifica, to the small coastal community of Montara. Much of the coastal zone is managed by either the State of California or local governments, including Thornton Beach State Park, Mussel Rock Park, Pacifica State Beach, Gray Whale Cove State Beach, and Montara State Beach.
\nThe major structure in the transform boundary between the Pacific and North American tectonic plates, the northwest-striking San Andreas Fault, cuts through the map area, crossing the shoreline near Mussel Rock before continuing offshore. The epicenter of the great 1906 California earthquake is located on the offshore part of the San Andreas Fault Zone a few kilometers north of the map area.
\nThe map area is located at the northwest end of the Santa Cruz Mountains, much of which has been uplifted in the last 400,000 years. Southwest of the San Andreas Fault Zone, this uplift has resulted in a highly variable coastal morphology characterized by long, narrow beaches bounded by steep cliffs or marine terraces, small pocket beaches surrounded by rocky promontories, and steep, narrow coastal watersheds. Geologic units mapped along the coast include sedimentary, volcanic, and metamorphic rocks of the Franciscan Complex; Cretaceous granitic rocks; Tertiary sedimentary rocks; and Quaternary coastal marine terraces, deep-seated and shallow landslides, and beach and sand dune deposits, all of which contribute sediment to the coastal zone.
\nIn contrast to the more rural coastal zone to the south, the highly urbanized coastal zone north of Mussel Rock and the San Andreas Fault Zone is characterized by a narrow beach bounded by steep, 50- to 120-m-high cliffs made up of sand, silt, and clay of the Pliocene and Pleistocene Merced Formation, the source of numerous landslides. Two large landslides along “Northridge bluff” in 2003 and 2007 had estimated volumes of 305,800 to 382,300 m3 and 120,800 m3, respectively. Coastal landslides also are an issue to the south between Mussel Rock and Mori Point, even as bluffs diminish in height and pocket beaches transition to a more continuous strand bounded by Quaternary-age dunes and low-lying marine terraces. Mori Point, a coastal promontory in Pacifica underlain by rocks of the Franciscan Complex, rises abruptly to a height of 90 m from the shoreline. Pocket beaches characterize the shoreline from Mori Point south to Shelter Cove, the largest of which, Pacifica State Beach, is at the mouth of San Pedro Creek.
\nThe coastal zone south of Pacifica, which stretches from Shelter Cove to Montara and includes Point San Pedro and Devils Slide, lies at the northwest end of San Pedro Mountain (underlain largely by early Tertiary sedimentary rocks) and Montara Mountain (underlain by Cretaceous granitic rocks). Elevations at Montara Mountain exceed 500 m just 4 km from the shoreline, and steep cliffs along the coast are as high as 275 m. This rugged terrain results in numerous rocky promontories, small pocket beaches, and large coastal landslides. Slope failures along Devils Slide are notorious for closing California Highway 1, creating such a large and persistent problem that the California Department of Transportation has bypassed this coastal section by tunneling through San Pedro Mountain; the tunnel was completed and the new section of highway opened in 2013. Coastal relief diminishes at Montara in the southernmost part of the map area, where the shoreline is bounded by 10- to 20-m-high marine terraces.
\nThroughout the year, this part of the coast is exposed to the north Pacific swell, the southern swell, northwest wind waves, and local wind waves. The north Pacific swell dominates in winter months, having wave heights that range from 2 to 10 m at offshore buoys and wave periods that range from 10 to 25 s. During summer months, the largest waves come from the southern swell, generated by storms in the south Pacific and offshore of Central America. Characteristically, these swells have smaller wave heights (0.3–3 m) but similarly long wave periods (10–25 s). Local wind waves are most common from October to April, whereas northwest wind waves affect the coast throughout the year. These two wind-wave regimes typically have wave heights of 1 to 4 m and short wave periods (3–10 s).
\nUnlike many other parts of the California coast where sediment is supplied primarily from river and (or) stream runoff, sediment supply to the offshore along this part of northern California is a complex mixture of (1) sand transported from the coast north of the Golden Gate, (2) sediment transported to the coast through the San Francisco Bay via the Golden Gate and then dispersed over the adjacent ebb-tide delta, and (3) varying volumes of sediment eroded from adjacent steep coastal bluffs caused by wave-induced landslides and other erosional events. Additionally, since the 1980s, coastal erosion south of the Golden Gate has increased substantially between Ocean Beach (on the west coast of San Francisco, about 5 km north of the map area) and Point San Pedro. The combined sediment load is transported southward along the coast by the generally north-to-south alongshore current, which develops in response to the energetic winter-wave climate associated with the north Pacific swell. Overall, beaches in the map area have a long-term erosional trend, except near Mussel Rock where a long-term accretionary trend may reflect increased sediment supply from landslides. Beach-front riprap armoring and retaining walls are used locally to protect the shoreline from seasonal storm waves, most notably between Mussel Rock and Mori Point.
\nThe continental shelf in the map area is about 40 km wide, with water depths at the shelf break that range from about 80 to 120 m. Within California’s State Waters, the midshelf to inner shelf areas are characterized by a relatively flat, shallow (water depths of as much as 44 m) seafloor that dips gently (about 0.2° to 0.3°) westward. The seafloor is composed primarily of unconsolidated Holocene sediment (marine deposits), as well as some nearshore bedrock outcrops that consist primarily of rocks of the Tertiary Purisima Formation and also Cretaceous plutonic rocks (granite or granodiorite).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141260","usgsCitation":"Edwards, B.D., Phillips, E.L., Dartnell, P., Greene, H., Bretz, C., Kvitek, R.G., Hartwell, S.R., Johnson, S.Y., Cochrane, G.R., Dieter, B., Sliter, R.W., Ross, S.L., Golden, N., Watt, J.T., Chinn, J.L., Erdey, M.D., Krigsman, L., Manson, M., and Endris, C.A., 2015, California State Waters Map Series — Offshore of Pacifica, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1260, Report: iv, 38 p.; 10 Sheets: 48.00 × 36.00 inches or smaller; Metadata; Data Catalog, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141260.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 38 p.; 10 Sheets: 48.00 × 36.00 inches or smaller; Metadata; Data Catalog","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052391","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297627,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141260.gif"},{"id":297624,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1260/downloads/ofr2014-1260_sheet8.pdf","text":"Sheet 8","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Sheet 8","linkHelpText":"Seismic-Reflection Profiles, Offshore of Pacifica Map Area, California By Ray W. Sliter, Samuel Y. Johnson, Stephanie L. Ross, and John L. 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