Multibeam-bathymetric and sidescan-sonar data, collected by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in a 114-square-kilometer area of Block Island Sound, southeast of Fishers Island, New York, are combined with sediment samples and bottom photography collected by the U.S. Geological Survey from 36 stations in this area in order to interpret sea-floor features and sedimentary environments. These interpretations and datasets provide base maps for studies on benthic ecology and resource management. The geologic features and sedimentary environments on the sea floor are products of the area’s glacial history and modern processes. These features include bedrock, drumlins, boulders, cobbles, large current-scoured bathymetric depressions, obstacle marks, and glaciolacustrine sediments found in high-energy sedimentary environments of erosion or nondeposition; and sand waves and megaripples in sedimentary environments characterized by coarse-grained bedload transport. Trawl marks are preserved in lower energy environments of sorting and reworking. This report releases the multibeam-bathymetric, sidescan-sonar, sediment, and photographic data and interpretations of the features and sedimentary environments in Block Island Sound, offshore Fishers Island.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141224","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","usgsCitation":"McMullen, K.Y., Poppe, L.J., Danforth, W.W., Blackwood, D.S., Winner, W.G., and Parker, C.E., 2015, Sea-floor morphology and sedimentary environments in western Block Island Sound, offshore of Fishers Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1224, HTML Document; DVD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141224.","productDescription":"HTML Document; DVD-ROM","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060422","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298568,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1224/"},{"id":298569,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1224/ofr2014-1224-title_page.html","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":298570,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141224.jpg"}],"datum":"World Geodetic System 1984","country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Block Island Sound, Fishers Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.0047378540039,\n 41.193381423508484\n ],\n [\n -72.00576782226562,\n 41.25458109268851\n ],\n [\n -71.97452545166016,\n 41.27393614529453\n ],\n [\n -71.92955017089844,\n 41.287094304074884\n ],\n [\n -71.85745239257812,\n 41.28761025624326\n ],\n [\n -71.85745239257812,\n 41.194156460760546\n ],\n [\n -72.0047378540039,\n 41.193381423508484\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5507f09fe4b02e76d757c126","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMullen, Katherine Y. kmcmullen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMullen","given":"Katherine","email":"kmcmullen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":541646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poppe, Lawrence J. lpoppe@usgs.gov","contributorId":139521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppe","given":"Lawrence","email":"lpoppe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":541647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Danforth, William W. 0000-0002-6382-9487 bdanforth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6382-9487","contributorId":3292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danforth","given":"William","email":"bdanforth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blackwood, Dann S. dblackwood@usgs.gov","contributorId":2457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blackwood","given":"Dann","email":"dblackwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Winner, William G.","contributorId":139522,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Winner","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":12641,"text":"NOAA NMFS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Parker, Castle E.","contributorId":28684,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parker","given":"Castle","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":12448,"text":"U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70136356,"text":"ofr20141259 - 2015 - The distribution of submersed aquatic vegetation and water lettuce in the fresh and oligohaline tidal Potomac River, 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-16T08:44:15","indexId":"ofr20141259","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-16T08:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1259","title":"The distribution of submersed aquatic vegetation and water lettuce in the fresh and oligohaline tidal Potomac River, 2007","docAbstract":"Surveys documenting the composition of species of submersed aquatic vegetation (SAV) have been conducted in the Potomac River for decades. These surveys can help managers assess the proportion of native and exotic plants in the river or can be used to determine relationships between native and exotic plants, environmental conditions, and wildlife. SAV coverage increased from 2005 to 2007 throughout the fresh and oligohaline study area. The 2007 survey documented here determined that eleven species of SAV were present. The abundance of the exotic species Hydrilla verticillata (hydrilla) was relatively low, and species diversity was relatively high compared to previous years. The survey also revealed a new population of the invasive, floating aquatic plant Pistia stratiotes (water lettuce). In 2007, water lettuce, the latest exotic aquatic plant to be found in the fresh to oligohaline portion of the Potomac River, was most abundant in Mattawoman Creek, Charles County, Maryland. However, it was not observed in the fresh to oligohaline portion of the Potomac River in the summer of 2008. An understanding of the distribution of SAV species and factors governing the abundance of native and invasive aquatic species is enhanced by long-term surveys.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141259","usgsCitation":"Campbell, S.H., Rybicki, N.B., and Schenk, E.R., 2015, The distribution of submersed aquatic vegetation and water lettuce in the fresh and oligohaline tidal Potomac River, 2007: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1259, vi, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141259.","productDescription":"vi, 33 p.","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-011359","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298553,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141259.jpg"},{"id":298551,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1259/"},{"id":298552,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1259/pdf/ofr2014-1259.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.92 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Potomac River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.00523376464844,\n 38.74819282375652\n ],\n [\n -77.00660705566406,\n 38.6897975322717\n ],\n [\n -77.12745666503906,\n 38.66781998344701\n ],\n [\n -77.10960388183592,\n 38.69247725944551\n ],\n [\n -77.02583312988281,\n 38.74765730401543\n ],\n [\n -77.00523376464844,\n 38.74819282375652\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.2998046875,\n 38.53527591154413\n ],\n [\n -77.22084045410156,\n 38.54870243589558\n ],\n [\n -77.26547241210936,\n 38.4632670276956\n ],\n [\n -77.28744506835938,\n 38.34057907754285\n ],\n [\n -77.33345031738281,\n 38.3384247989913\n ],\n [\n -77.33139038085938,\n 38.40302528453207\n ],\n [\n -77.32933044433594,\n 38.4514377951069\n ],\n [\n -77.2998046875,\n 38.53527591154413\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.92558288574219,\n 38.301792263441016\n ],\n [\n -76.92558288574219,\n 38.31903340948611\n ],\n [\n -76.90292358398438,\n 38.31903340948611\n ],\n [\n -76.90292358398438,\n 38.301792263441016\n ],\n [\n -76.92558288574219,\n 38.301792263441016\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5507f0a0e4b02e76d757c128","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, Sarah Hunter","contributorId":139663,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Campbell","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"Hunter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":542368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rybicki, Nancy B. 0000-0002-2205-7927 nrybicki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2205-7927","contributorId":2142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rybicki","given":"Nancy","email":"nrybicki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schenk, Edward R. 0000-0001-6886-5754 eschenk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6886-5754","contributorId":2183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schenk","given":"Edward","email":"eschenk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70142371,"text":"ofr20151025 - 2015 - Geochemical maps of stream sediments in central Colorado, from New Mexico to Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-04T10:18:12","indexId":"ofr20151025","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-10T15:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1025","title":"Geochemical maps of stream sediments in central Colorado, from New Mexico to Wyoming","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey has completed a series of geologic, mineral resource, and environmental assessment studies in the Rocky Mountains of central Colorado, from Leadville eastward to the range front and from New Mexico to the Wyoming border. Regional stream-sediment geochemical maps, useful for assessing mineral resources and environmental effects of historical mining activities, were produced as part of the study. The data portrayed in this 56-parameter portfolio of landscape geochemical maps serve as a geochemical baseline for the region, indicate element abundances characteristic of various lithologic terranes, and identify gross anthropogenic effects of historical mining. However, although reanalyzed in this study by modern, sensitive methods, the majority of the stream-sediment samples were collected in the 1970s. Thus, metal concentrations portrayed in these maps represent stream-sediment geochemistry at the time of collection.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151025","usgsCitation":"Eppinger, R.G., Giles, S.A., and Klein, T.L., 2015, Geochemical maps of stream sediments in central Colorado, from New Mexico to Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1025, Report: viii, 120 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151025.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 120 p.; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"131","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-054650","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298413,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151025.jpg"},{"id":298411,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1025/pdf/ofr2015-1025.pdf","size":"54.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":298410,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1025/"},{"id":298412,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1025/downloads/","text":"Downloads Directory"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.6168212890625,\n 41.00270266805319\n ],\n [\n -105.14190673828125,\n 41.00270266805319\n ],\n [\n -105.1556396484375,\n 39.76210275375137\n ],\n [\n -104.9853515625,\n 39.757879992021756\n ],\n [\n -104.9908447265625,\n 39.38526381099774\n ],\n [\n -104.83154296875,\n 39.38738660316804\n ],\n [\n -104.853515625,\n 36.99377838872517\n ],\n [\n -105.99884033203125,\n 36.99158465967016\n ],\n [\n -105.985107421875,\n 38.37396220263092\n ],\n [\n -106.64978027343749,\n 38.3868805698475\n ],\n [\n -106.6168212890625,\n 41.00270266805319\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55000799e4b02419550fa5cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eppinger, Robert G. eppinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eppinger","given":"Robert","email":"eppinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Giles, Stuart A. 0000-0002-8696-5078 sgiles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8696-5078","contributorId":1233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giles","given":"Stuart","email":"sgiles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klein, Terry L. tklein@usgs.gov","contributorId":1244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klein","given":"Terry","email":"tklein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70142156,"text":"ofr20131024E - 2015 - Laboratory electrical resistivity analysis of geologic samples from Fort Irwin, California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70142156,"text":"ofr20131024E - 2015 - Laboratory electrical resistivity analysis of geologic samples from Fort Irwin, California","indexId":"ofr20131024E","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"chapter":"E","displayTitle":"Laboratory Electrical Resistivity Analysis of Geologic Samples from Fort Irwin, California","title":"Laboratory electrical resistivity analysis of geologic samples from Fort Irwin, California"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70201192,"text":"ofr20131024 - 2014 - Geology and geophysics applied to groundwater hydrology at Fort Irwin, California","indexId":"ofr20131024","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and geophysics applied to groundwater hydrology at Fort Irwin, California"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70201192,"text":"ofr20131024 - 2014 - Geology and geophysics applied to groundwater hydrology at Fort Irwin, California","indexId":"ofr20131024","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and geophysics applied to groundwater hydrology at Fort Irwin, California"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-14T11:56:25","indexId":"ofr20131024E","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-05T13:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1024","chapter":"E","displayTitle":"Laboratory Electrical Resistivity Analysis of Geologic Samples from Fort Irwin, California","title":"Laboratory electrical resistivity analysis of geologic samples from Fort Irwin, California","docAbstract":"Correlating laboratory resistivity measurements with geophysical resistivity models helps constrain these models to the geology and lithology of an area. Throughout the Fort Irwin National Training Center area, 111 samples from both cored boreholes and surface outcrops were collected and processed for laboratory measurements. These samples represent various lithologic types that include plutonic and metamorphic (basement) rocks, lava flows, consolidated sedimentary rocks, and unconsolidated sedimentary deposits that formed in a series of intermountain basins. Basement rocks, lava flows, and some lithified tuffs are generally resistive (≥100 ohm-meters [Ω·m]) when saturated. Saturated unconsolidated samples are moderately conductive to conductive, with resistivities generally less than 100 Ω·m, and many of these samples are less than 50 Ω·m. The unconsolidated samples can further be separated into two broad groups: (1) younger sediments that are moderately conductive, owing to their limited clay content, and (2) older, more conductive sediments with a higher clay content that reflects substantial amounts of originally glassy volcanic ash subsequently altered to clay. The older sediments are believed to be Tertiary. Time-domain electromagnetic (TEM) data were acquired near most of the boreholes, and, on the whole, close agreements between laboratory measurements and resistivity models were found.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology and geophysics applied to groundwater hydrology at Fort Irwin, California","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131024E","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army, Fort Irwin National Training Center","usgsCitation":"Bloss, B.R., and Bedrosian, P.A, 2015, Laboratory electrical resistivity analysis of geologic samples from Fort Irwin, California, chap. E of Buesch, D.C., ed., Geology and geophysics applied to groundwater hydrology at Fort Irwin, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-file Report 2013-1024, 104 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131024E.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 104 p.; Supplemental Data ReadMe; Supplemental Data ZIP","numberOfPages":"104","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-060545","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298311,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1024/e/images/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":298308,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1024/e/downloads/ofr2013-1024_e.pdf","text":"Report","size":"15.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":298309,"rank":2,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1024/e/downloads/ofr2013-1024_e_README.pdf","text":"Supplemental Data README","size":"78 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Supplemental Data README"},{"id":298310,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1024/e/downloads/ofr2013-1024_supplemental_data.zip","text":"Supplemental Data","size":"362 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Supplemental Data"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Bernardino County","city":"Fort Irwin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.99890136718749,\n 35.12889434101051\n ],\n [\n -116.99890136718749,\n 35.639441068973916\n ],\n [\n -116.18591308593749,\n 35.639441068973916\n ],\n [\n -116.18591308593749,\n 35.12889434101051\n ],\n [\n -116.99890136718749,\n 35.12889434101051\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Contact Information,
Geology, Minerals, Energy, & Geophysics Science Center—Menlo Park
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road
Menlo Park, CA 94025-3591
Fire occurs naturally in the environment on most continents, including Africa (Ryan and Williams, 2011), Asia (Kauhanen, 2008), Australia (Kutt and Woinarski, 2007), Europe (Eshel and others, 2000), South America (Fidelis and others, 2010), and North America (Van Auken, 2000). Antarctica appears to be the only continent that has no reported natural fires, although fire is common in grasslands of Patagonia and on islands in the Subantarctic region (Gonzalez and others, 2005; McGlone and others, 2007).
\nNatural fires also have occurred over thousands of years, and the frequencies of these natural fires have changed (Power and others, 2008). This has resulted in altered ecosystems at landscape scales. Recent evidence suggests that the treeless desert pastures of Tibet once were forests and woodlands, and charcoal deposits indicate that fire was more frequent in the past (Miehe and others, 2006). Human cultural development has been influenced by changes in natural fire frequencies. Zong and others (2007) reported that human suppression of fires in coastal areas of China allowed the development of rice paddy cultivation and, thus, increased the size of human populations.
\nIn addition to its almost world-wide occurrence, fire plays a role in a wide variety of ecosystem types. Grassland, savanna, steppe, woodland, forest, and wetland ecosystems all have fire as part of their natural ecology (Veblen and Lorenz, 1988; Chokkalingam and others, 2007; Miller and others, 2009, Keith and others, 2010; Staver and others, 2011). Fires affect these ecosystems in various ways, the most obvious of which is the direct effect on plant biomass (for example, Van Wilgen, 1982; Mack and others, 2008). However, fire has many other effects on ecosystems. Plant species richness, diversity, and functional types can change in response to fire (Peterson and Reich, 2008). All properties of the surface soils (such as bulk density, particle size distribution, pH, and organic carbon and nitrogen content) can be altered by the frequency and severity of fire (Boerner and others, 2009). Faunal communities will respond to fire, with some species increasing (Fuhlendorf and others, 2006) and other species decreasing, after the fire (Vasconcelos and others, 2009).The position of the ecotone between differing ecosystems also is influenced by fire occurrence (Heisler and others, 2003; Briggs and others, 2005; Smith and others, 2013).
\nFire has been used as a management tool in various ecosystems around the world. Prairies, grasslands, and savannas are fire-maintained ecosystems where fire is used to deter invasion by shrubs and trees (Grant and others, 2009; Scheintaub and others, 2009). Similarly, fire plays an important role in woodlands and forests by influencing species composition and succession such, as the use of fire in coniferous forests to prevent encroachment by hardwoods (Phillippe and others, 2011). Fire also has been used to manage wetland ecosystems for more than 50 years (Lynch, 1941; Frost, 1995). Uses have included returning marshes to early successional states, increasing forage for wildlife (Lynch, 1941). In all fire-influenced ecosystems, prescribed burns are routinely used to reduce fuel loads, reducing the possibility of catastrophic fires.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151034","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Everglades National Park and Big Cypress National Preserve","usgsCitation":"Smith, T.J., III, Foster, A.M., and Jones, J.W., 2015, Fire history of Everglades National Park and Big Cypress National Preserve, southern Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1034, 86 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151034.","productDescription":"v, 86 p.","numberOfPages":"96","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049028","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298290,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1034/"},{"id":298292,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1034/pdf/ofr2015-1034.pdf","text":"Report","size":"24.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":298293,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151034.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Big Cypress National Preserve, Everglades National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.53778076171874,\n 24.851549944184754\n ],\n [\n -81.53778076171874,\n 26.26386228011112\n ],\n [\n -80.386962890625,\n 26.26386228011112\n ],\n [\n -80.386962890625,\n 24.851549944184754\n ],\n [\n -81.53778076171874,\n 24.851549944184754\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
We used a multistate occupancy sampling design to estimate occupancy, breeding success, and abundance of territorial pairs of golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) in the Diablo Range, California, in 2014. This method uses the spatial pattern of detections and non-detections over repeated visits to survey sites to estimate probabilities of occupancy and successful reproduction while accounting for imperfect detection of golden eagles and their young during surveys. The estimated probability of detecting territorial pairs of golden eagles and their young was less than 1 and varied with time of the breeding season, as did the probability of correctly classifying a pair’s breeding status. Imperfect detection and breeding classification led to a sizeable difference between the uncorrected, naïve estimate of the proportion of occupied sites where successful reproduction was observed (0.20) and the model-based estimate (0.30). The analysis further indicated a relatively high overall probability of landscape occupancy by pairs of golden eagles (0.67, standard error = 0.06), but that areas with the greatest occupancy and reproductive potential were patchily distributed. We documented a total of 138 territorial pairs of golden eagles during surveys completed in the 2014 breeding season, which represented about one-half of the 280 pairs we estimated to occur in the broader 5,169-square kilometer region sampled. The study results emphasize the importance of accounting for imperfect detection and spatial heterogeneity in studies of site occupancy, breeding success, and abundance of golden eagles.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151039","usgsCitation":"Wiens, J.D., Kolar, P.S., Fuller, M.R., Hunt, W.G., and Hunt, T., 2015, Estimation of occupancy, breeding success, and predicted abundance of golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) in the Diablo Range, California, 2014: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1039, iv, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151039.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p.","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2014-01-01","temporalEnd":"2014-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-061706","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298266,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151039.jpg"},{"id":298265,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1039/pdf/ofr2015-1039.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":298264,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1039/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Diablo Range","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.39593505859376,\n 38.026458711461245\n ],\n [\n -121.431884765625,\n 36.923547681089296\n ],\n [\n -121.025390625,\n 37.14937133266766\n ],\n [\n -121.16271972656249,\n 37.49229399862877\n ],\n [\n -121.92901611328125,\n 38.06106741381199\n ],\n [\n -122.39593505859376,\n 38.026458711461245\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54f82ca9e4b02419550d99d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiens, J. David 0000-0002-2020-038X jwiens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2020-038X","contributorId":468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiens","given":"J.","email":"jwiens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":541813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kolar, Patrick S. 0000-0002-0076-7565","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0076-7565","contributorId":139543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolar","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuller, Mark R. 0000-0001-7459-1729 mark_fuller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7459-1729","contributorId":2296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Mark","email":"mark_fuller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hunt, W. Grainger","contributorId":139544,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hunt","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Grainger","affiliations":[{"id":12795,"text":"The Peregrine Fund, Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hunt, Teresa","contributorId":139545,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hunt","given":"Teresa","affiliations":[{"id":12795,"text":"The Peregrine Fund, Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70142086,"text":"ofr20151037 - 2015 - Validation of eDNA markers for New Zealand mudsnail surveillance and initial eDNA monitoring at Mississippi River Basin sites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-04T08:41:16","indexId":"ofr20151037","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-03T17:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1037","title":"Validation of eDNA markers for New Zealand mudsnail surveillance and initial eDNA monitoring at Mississippi River Basin sites","docAbstract":"The performance of newly developed New Zealand mudsnail (Potamopyrgus antipodarum; NZMS) genetic markers for environmental (eDNA) analysis of water were compared across two laboratories. The genetic markers were tested in four quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays targeting two regions of the NZMS mitochondrial genome, specifically the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (coi) and cytochrome b (cytb) genes. In a blind study, analysts tested each sample eight times with each assay. There were 10 expected-negative samples from the Black River in La Crosse, Wisconsin, 10 expected-positive samples from the Black Earth Creek in Black Earth, Wisconsin, and 10 known-positive samples from the Black River spiked with NZMS DNA. Previously extracted samples, kept at the Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, were pooled by sample location and then equal quantities were distributed between the Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center and the Molecular Conservation Genetics Laboratory at the University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point for analysis. The assays tested were (1) the assay targeting cytb with a minor groove binder probe described by Goldberg and others (2013), (2) the cytb assay with a modified double-quenched probe, (3) an assay targeting coi with a double-quenched probe, and (4) a duplex reaction combining the modified cytb assay and the coi assay. Samples were considered positive for the presence of NZMS DNA when quantitative polymerase chain reaction amplification and probe signal was higher than the normalized threshold value above baseline fluorescence. For the duplex assay, samples were considered positive only when both probe signals were higher than the normalized threshold value above baseline fluorescence. Positive results were then confirmed by sequencing the products.
\nAll four assays detected the DNA of NZMS in all expected-positive and known-positive samples in both labs. The modified cytb assay, the coi assay, and the duplex assay all failed to detect the DNA of NZMS in all expected-negative samples in both labs. The cytb assay, as described by Goldberg and others (2013), failed to detect the DNA of NZMS in all expected-negative samples for the Molecular Conservation Genetics Laboratory, but some reactions resulted in positive detection in late cycles for 9 of the 10 expected-negative samples at the Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center. Amplicons for expected-negative samples with positive reactions were sent for sequencing, and none were confirmed as NZMS. Six amplicons failed to give readable sequences, and three gave sequences without similarity to any known sequence in GenBank. Amplicons from each assay for one representative positive sample were sequenced and identified as NZMS with greater than 99 percent identity.
\nThe duplex assay was chosen as the most efficient assay and was used at the Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center to analyze triplicate samples from 29 streams in Wisconsin, 8 streams in Illinois, and 8 streams in Iowa. In order to verify results, additional triplicate samples were collected from two of the streams in Iowa and two of the streams in Wisconsin for analysis at the Molecular Conservation Genetics Laboratory. All samples at all sites were negative for NZMS DNA.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151037","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Wisconsin Cooperative Fishery Research Unit, Molecular Conservation Genetics Laboratory, College of Natural Resources, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point","usgsCitation":"Merkes, C.M., Turnquist, K.N., Rees, C.B., and Amberg, J., 2015, Validation of eDNA markers for New Zealand mudsnail surveillance and initial eDNA monitoring at Mississippi River Basin sites: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1037, Report: vi, 9 p.; Tables 4-7, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151037.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 9 p.; Tables 4-7","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-063296","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298262,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151037.jpg"},{"id":298251,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1037/"},{"id":298259,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1037/tables/nzms_table5.xlsx","text":"Table 5","size":"30 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"linkHelpText":"Molecular Conservation Genetics Laboratory assay validation results."},{"id":298260,"rank":5,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1037/tables/nzms_table6.xlsx","text":"Table 6","size":"20 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"linkHelpText":"Sequencing results."},{"id":298261,"rank":6,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1037/tables/nzms_table7.xlsx","text":"Table 7","size":"34 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"linkHelpText":"Monitoring results."},{"id":298258,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1037/tables/nzms_table4.xlsx","text":"Table 4","size":"30 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"linkHelpText":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center assay validation results."},{"id":298257,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1037/pdf/ofr2015-1037.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2631 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OF 2015-1037 Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Iowa, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.724609375,\n 41.27780646738183\n ],\n [\n -92.724609375,\n 46.164614496897094\n ],\n [\n -88.26416015625,\n 46.164614496897094\n ],\n [\n -88.26416015625,\n 41.27780646738183\n ],\n [\n -92.724609375,\n 41.27780646738183\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54f6db2ee4b02419550d3096","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Merkes, Christopher M. 0000-0001-8191-627X cmerkes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-627X","contributorId":139516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merkes","given":"Christopher","email":"cmerkes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turnquist, Keith N.","contributorId":139517,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Turnquist","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":12787,"text":"Molecular Conservation Genetics Laboratory, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rees, Christopher B. crees@usgs.gov","contributorId":5500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rees","given":"Christopher","email":"crees@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Amberg, Jon J. jamberg@usgs.gov","contributorId":139518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amberg","given":"Jon J.","email":"jamberg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":541785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70140639,"text":"ofr20151029 - 2015 - Resilience and risk: a demographic model to inform conservation planning for polar bears","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-03T13:45:09","indexId":"ofr20151029","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-03T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1029","title":"Resilience and risk: a demographic model to inform conservation planning for polar bears","docAbstract":"Climate change is having widespread ecological effects, including loss of Arctic sea ice. This has led to listing of the polar bear (Ursus maritimus) and other ice-dependent marine mammals under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA). Methods are needed to evaluate the effects of climate change on population persistence to inform recovery planning for listed species. For polar bears, this includes understanding interactions between climate and secondary factors, such as subsistence harvest, which provide economic, nutritional, or cultural value to humans.
\nWe developed a matrix-based demographic model for polar bears that can be used for population viability analysis and to evaluate the effects of human-caused removals. This model includes density-dependence (the potential for a declining environmental carrying capacity), density-independent limitation, and sex- and age-specific harvest vulnerabilities. We estimated values of adult female survival (0.93–0.96), recruitment (number of yearling cubs per adult female; 0.1–0.3), and carrying capacity (>250 animals) that must be maintained for a hypothetical population to achieve a 90-percent probability of persistence over 100 years.
\nWe also developed a state-dependent management framework, based on harvest theory and the potential biological removal method, by linking the demographic model to simulated population assessments. This framework can be used to estimate the maximum sustainable rate of human-caused removals, including subsistence harvest, which maintains a population at its maximum net productivity level. The framework also can be used to calculate a recommended sustainable harvest rate, which generally is lower than the maximum sustainable rate and depends on management objectives, the precision and frequency of population data, and risk tolerance. The historical standard 4.5-percent harvest rate for polar bears, at a 2:1 male-to-female ratio, is reasonable under many biological and management conditions, although lower or higher rates may be appropriate in some cases.
\nOur modeling results suggest that harvest of polar bears is unlikely to accelerate population declines that result from declining carrying capacity caused by sea-ice loss, provided that several conditions are met: (1) the sustainable harvest rate reflects the population’s intrinsic growth rate, and the corresponding harvest level is obtained by applying this rate to an estimate of population size; (2) the sustainable harvest rate reflects the quality of population data (e.g., lower harvest when data are poor); and (3) the level of human-caused removals can be adjusted. Finally, our results suggest that stopgap measures (e.g., further reduction or cessation of harvest when the population size is less than a critical threshold) may be necessary to minimize the incremental risk associated with harvest, if environmental conditions are deteriorating rapidly. We suggest that the demographic model and approaches presented here can serve as a template for conservation planning for polar bears and other species facing similar challenges.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151029","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Regehr, E.V., Wilson, R.H., Rode, K.D., and Runge, M.C., 2015, Resilience and risk: a demographic model to inform conservation planning for polar bears: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1029, vi, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151029.","productDescription":"vi, 56 p.","numberOfPages":"66","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060795","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298250,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151029.jpg"},{"id":298248,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1029/"},{"id":298249,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1029/pdf/ofr2015-1029.pdf","size":"2.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54f6db2be4b02419550d3094","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Regehr, Eric V. 0000-0003-4487-3105","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4487-3105","contributorId":66364,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Regehr","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":12428,"text":"U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, Ryan H. 0000-0001-7740-7771","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7740-7771","contributorId":130989,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilson","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rode, Karyn D. 0000-0002-3328-8202 krode@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3328-8202","contributorId":5053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rode","given":"Karyn","email":"krode@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Runge, Michael C. 0000-0002-8081-536X mrunge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8081-536X","contributorId":3358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runge","given":"Michael","email":"mrunge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70142063,"text":"ofr20151019 - 2015 - Obtaining valid geologic models from 3-D resistivity inversion of magnetotelluric data at Pahute Mesa, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-27T13:07:46","indexId":"ofr20151019","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-27T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1019","title":"Obtaining valid geologic models from 3-D resistivity inversion of magnetotelluric data at Pahute Mesa, Nevada","docAbstract":"We summarize the results of a three-dimensional (3-D) resistivity inversion simulation that we conducted with the intent of characterizing the subsurface 3-D distribution of volcanic composite units of Pahute Mesa, Nevada, without any a priori information on the actual 3-D distribution of the known subsurface geology. The 3-D methodology involved using a 3-D geologic model based on drillhole data and average electrical resistivities of the key hydrostratigraphic units at Pahute Mesa to create a 3-D resistivity forward (“known”) model that depicted the subsurface resistivity structure expected for the input geologic configuration. The calculated magnetotelluric response of the modeled resistivity structure was then assumed to represent observed magnetotelluric data and was used as input into a 3-D resistivity inverse model that was allowed to iteratively estimate in 3-D without any a priori geologic information, in particular, the thickness and resistivity of the volcanic composite units. The resulting 3-D resistivity inversion simulation was compared to the “known” model and the results evaluated.
\nThe 3-D inversion was generally able to reproduce the gross resistivity structure of the “known” model, but the simulated conductive volcanic composite unit horizons were often too shallow when compared to the “known” model. Additionally, the chosen computation parameters such as station spacing appear to have resulted in computational artifacts that are difficult to interpret but could potentially be removed with further refinements of the 3-D resistivity inversion modeling technique.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151019","usgsCitation":"Rodriguez, B.D., and Sweetkind, D., 2015, Obtaining valid geologic models from 3-D resistivity inversion of magnetotelluric data at Pahute Mesa, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1019, iv, 104 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151019.","productDescription":"iv, 104 p.","numberOfPages":"108","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051924","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298187,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151019.jpg"},{"id":298185,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1019/"},{"id":298186,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1019/pdf/ofr2015-1019.pdf","text":"Report","size":"20.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"datum":"North American 1983 Continental United States (CONUS) datum","country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Pahute Mesa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.51687622070314,\n 37.22103367911787\n ],\n [\n -116.51687622070314,\n 37.33795407160059\n ],\n [\n -116.3733673095703,\n 37.33795407160059\n ],\n [\n -116.3733673095703,\n 37.22103367911787\n ],\n [\n -116.51687622070314,\n 37.22103367911787\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54f19545e4b02419550ceaee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodriguez, Brian D. 0000-0002-2263-611X brod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2263-611X","contributorId":836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"Brian","email":"brod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sweetkind, Donald S. dsweetkind@usgs.gov","contributorId":130958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweetkind","given":"Donald S.","email":"dsweetkind@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":541602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70116921,"text":"ofr20141109 - 2015 - GRIDGEN Version 1.0: a computer program for generating unstructured finite-volume grids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-26T10:52:37","indexId":"ofr20141109","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-26T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1109","title":"GRIDGEN Version 1.0: a computer program for generating unstructured finite-volume grids","docAbstract":"GRIDGEN is a computer program for creating layered quadtree grids for use with numerical models, such as the MODFLOW–USG program for simulation of groundwater flow. The program begins by reading a three-dimensional base grid, which can have variable row and column widths and spatially variable cell top and bottom elevations. From this base grid, GRIDGEN will continuously divide into four any cell intersecting user-provided refinement features (points, lines, and polygons) until the desired level of refinement is reached. GRIDGEN will then smooth, or balance, the grid so that no two adjacent cells, including overlying and underlying cells, differ by more than a user-specified level tolerance. Once these gridding processes are completed, GRIDGEN saves a tree structure file so that the layered quadtree grid can be quickly reconstructed as needed. Once a tree structure file has been created, GRIDGEN can then be used to (1) export the layered quadtree grid as a shapefile, (2) export grid connectivity and cell information as ASCII text files for use with MODFLOW–USG or other numerical models, and (3) intersect the grid with shapefiles of points, lines, or polygons, and save intersection output as ASCII text files and shapefiles. The GRIDGEN program is demonstrated by creating a layered quadtree grid for the Biscayne aquifer in Miami-Dade County, Florida, using hydrologic features to control where refinement is added.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141109","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with George Mason University","usgsCitation":"Lien, J., Liu, G., and Langevin, C.D., 2015, GRIDGEN Version 1.0: a computer program for generating unstructured finite-volume grids: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1109, vi, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141109.","productDescription":"vi, 26 p.","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055584","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298168,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141109.jpg"},{"id":298166,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1109/"},{"id":298167,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1109/pdf/ofr2014-1109.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.93 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54f043aae4b02419550ce862","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lien, Jyh-Ming","contributorId":139494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lien","given":"Jyh-Ming","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":541557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, Gaisheng","contributorId":15158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Gaisheng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":541558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Langevin, Christian D. 0000-0001-5610-9759 langevin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5610-9759","contributorId":1030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langevin","given":"Christian","email":"langevin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70141847,"text":"ofr20151031E - 2015 - Seismicity of the Earth 1900-2013, seismotectonics of South America (Nazca Plate Region)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-23T14:12:57","indexId":"ofr20151031E","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-24T15:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1031","chapter":"E","title":"Seismicity of the Earth 1900-2013, seismotectonics of South America (Nazca Plate Region)","docAbstract":"The South American arc extends over 7,000 kilometers (km), from the Chilean margin triple junction offshore of southern Chile, to its intersection with the Panama fracture zone, offshore of the southern coast of Panama in Central America. It marks the plate boundary between the subducting Nazca plate and the South America plate, where the oceanic crust and lithosphere of the Nazca plate begin their descent into the mantle beneath South America. The convergence associated with this subduction process is responsible for the uplift of the Andes Mountains, and for the active volcanic chain present along much of this deformation front. Relative to a fixed South America plate, the Nazca plate moves slightly north of eastwards at a rate varying from approximately 80 millimeters/year (mm/yr) in the south, to approximately 65 mm/yr in the north. Although the rate of subduction varies little along the entire arc, there are complex changes in the geologic processes along the subduction zone that dramatically influence volcanic activity, crustal deformation, earthquake generation and occurrence all along the western edge of South America.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151031E","usgsCitation":"Hayes, G.P., Smoczyk, G.M., Benz, H.M., Furlong, K.P., and Villaseñor, A., 2015, Seismicity of the Earth 1900-2013, seismotectonics of South America (Nazca Plate Region): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1031, 1 sheet: 38.15 x 25.50 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151031E.","productDescription":"1 sheet: 38.15 x 25.50 inches","numberOfPages":"1","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057887","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298128,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151031E.jpg"},{"id":298126,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1031/e/pdf/of2015-1031-E.pdf","text":"Sheet","size":"16.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OF 2015-1031-E Sheet"},{"id":298127,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1083/e/","text":"Open-File Report 2010-1083-E"},{"id":298104,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1031/e"}],"otherGeospatial":"Nazca Plate Region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.53125,\n 12.726084296948184\n ],\n [\n -82.79296874999999,\n 0.3515602939922709\n ],\n [\n -82.265625,\n -4.565473550710278\n ],\n [\n -77.34374999999999,\n -14.604847155053886\n ],\n [\n -71.71875,\n -18.81271785640776\n ],\n [\n -74.70703125,\n -37.30027528134431\n ],\n [\n -74.70703125,\n -42.94033923363182\n ],\n [\n -76.9921875,\n -49.15296965617039\n ],\n [\n -75.5859375,\n -53.330872983017045\n ],\n [\n -68.37890625,\n -56.46249048388979\n ],\n [\n -68.203125,\n -52.696361078274464\n ],\n [\n -71.89453125,\n -49.610709938074216\n ],\n [\n -69.08203125,\n -38.27268853598096\n ],\n [\n -63.28125,\n -21.943045533438166\n ],\n [\n -65.0390625,\n -7.536764322084078\n ],\n [\n -69.43359375,\n 0.17578097424708533\n ],\n [\n -67.1484375,\n 6.664607562172585\n ],\n [\n -58.18359375,\n 8.928487062665504\n ],\n [\n -63.6328125,\n 11.523087506868514\n ],\n [\n -74.53125,\n 12.726084296948184\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54eda0a8e4b02d776a6849a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hayes, Gavin P. 0000-0003-3323-0112 ghayes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3323-0112","contributorId":842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Gavin","email":"ghayes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":541139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smoczyk, Gregory M. 0000-0002-6591-4060 gsmoczyk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6591-4060","contributorId":5239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smoczyk","given":"Gregory","email":"gsmoczyk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Benz, Harley M. 0000-0002-6860-2134 benz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6860-2134","contributorId":794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benz","given":"Harley","email":"benz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Furlong, Kevin P. 0000-0002-2674-5110","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2674-5110","contributorId":19576,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Furlong","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":541143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Villaseñor, Antonio","contributorId":139411,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Villaseñor","given":"Antonio","affiliations":[{"id":12771,"text":"Institute of EarthSciences, Barcelona, Spain","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70136504,"text":"ofr20141261 - 2015 - Analysis of historic agricultural irrigation data from the Natural Resources Conservation Service monitoring and evaluation for Grand Valley, Lower Gunnison Basin, and McElmo Creek Basin, western Colorado, 1985 to 2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-23T09:13:09","indexId":"ofr20141261","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-23T08:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1261","title":"Analysis of historic agricultural irrigation data from the Natural Resources Conservation Service monitoring and evaluation for Grand Valley, Lower Gunnison Basin, and McElmo Creek Basin, western Colorado, 1985 to 2003","docAbstract":"The Natural Resources Conservation Service Monitoring and Evaluation for three salinity control units in western Colorado—Grand Valley, Lower Gunnison, and McElmo Creek—from 1985 to 2003 was a response to the Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Act, Public Law 93–320, July 24, 1974, and its amendments. The Natural Resources Conservation Service evaluated the effects on seasonal irrigation efficiency and deep percolation of irrigation water of various on-farm irrigation system improvements in the three salinity control units, and reported the results in a series of internal Natural Resources Conservation Service annual reports. Because of the large amount of effort and expense that went into the Natural Resources Conservation Service Monitoring and Evaluation and the importance of the data to help quantify the changes to deep percolation, the Natural Resources Conservation Service has determined that having the evaluation results made public through a characterization and analysis of the results by the U.S. Geological Survey could be of use to a wider audience of water managers and the general public.
\nIn 2011, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation and the Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Forum, began a study to evaluate the Natural Resources Conservation Service evaluation data to (1) document the methods of the evaluation, and (2) analyze and summarize the data collected during the evaluation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141261","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation and Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Forum","usgsCitation":"Mayo, J.W., 2015, Analysis of historic agricultural irrigation data from the Natural Resources Conservation Service monitoring and evaluation for Grand Valley, Lower Gunnison Basin, and McElmo Creek Basin, western Colorado, 1985 to 2003: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1261, xii, 176 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141261.","productDescription":"xii, 176 p.","numberOfPages":"191","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1985-01-01","temporalEnd":"2003-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-055814","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298090,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141261.jpg"},{"id":298081,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1261/"},{"id":298083,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1261/pdf/ofr2014-1261.pdf","text":"Report","size":"13 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Grand Valley, Lower Gunnison Basin, McElmo Creek Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.00634765625,\n 37.09023980307208\n ],\n [\n -109.00634765625,\n 39.32579941789298\n ],\n [\n -107.2979736328125,\n 39.32579941789298\n ],\n [\n -107.2979736328125,\n 37.09023980307208\n ],\n [\n -109.00634765625,\n 37.09023980307208\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54ec4f29e4b02d776a67da91","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mayo, John W. jwmayo@usgs.gov","contributorId":993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayo","given":"John","email":"jwmayo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70125445,"text":"ofr20141200 - 2015 - Modeling elk and bison carrying capacity for Great Sand Dunes National Park, Baca National Wildlife Refuge, and The Nature Conservancy's Medano Ranch, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-20T15:25:16","indexId":"ofr20141200","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-20T15:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1200","title":"Modeling elk and bison carrying capacity for Great Sand Dunes National Park, Baca National Wildlife Refuge, and The Nature Conservancy's Medano Ranch, Colorado","docAbstract":"Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve and the neighboring Baca National Wildlife Refuge constitute an extraordinary setting that offers a variety of opportunities for outdoor recreation and natural resource preservation in the San Luis Valley of Colorado. Adjacent to these federal lands, the Nature Conservancy (TNC) manages the historic Medano Ranch. The total land area of these three conservation properties is roughly 121,500 hectares (ha). It is a remote and rugged area in which resource managers must balance the protection of natural resources with recreation and neighboring land uses. The management of wild ungulates in this setting presents challenges, as wild ungulates move freely across public and private landscapes.
\nThe San Luis Valley was historically used for irrigated agriculture and ranching. Historically, livestock, including sheep (Ovis aries) and cattle (Bos taurus), were grazed throughout the valley. The former Luis Marie “Baca” Ranch, which makes up the northern part of Great Sand Dunes National Park (hereafter “Park”) and all of the Baca National Wildlife Refuge (hereafter “Refuge”), was actively grazed by cattle until 2004. Bison (Bison bison), elk (Cervus elaphus), mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), and pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) were native to the area until about the 1840s, when bison, elk, and pronghorn were extirpated.
\nElk and pronghorn likely moved back into the area from surrounding populations to the north and south, and mule deer populations have varied through time. A population of 4,400 elk currently inhabits the area. The current bison population was established in 1986 for meat production. In 1999 TNC purchased the ranch and established a bison conservation herd, and eventually subcontracted management to a private rancher in 2005. A population of bison ranging in size from 1,200–2,000 ranges freely within the 16,100 ha Medano Ranch. Ungulate populations in the valley are regulated by hunting, with the exception of bison, which are rounded up and culled annually to maintain population levels.
\nIn an effort to create and form the basis of a multi-agency ungulate management plan for the region, the Park sought the development of an elk and bison ecological carrying capacity model to provide guidance to resource managers.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141200","collaboration":"In cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Wockner, G., Boone, R., Schoenecker, K.A., and Zeigenfuss, L., 2015, Modeling elk and bison carrying capacity for Great Sand Dunes National Park, Baca National Wildlife Refuge, and The Nature Conservancy's Medano Ranch, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1200, iv, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141200.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p.","numberOfPages":"27","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056689","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298075,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141200.jpg"},{"id":298073,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1200/"},{"id":298074,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1200/pdf/ofr2014-1200.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7.43 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Baca National Wildlife Refuge, Great Sand Dunes National Park, San Luis Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.15264892578125,\n 37.477037796698056\n ],\n [\n -106.15264892578125,\n 38.52023522875919\n ],\n [\n -105.018310546875,\n 38.52023522875919\n ],\n [\n -105.018310546875,\n 37.477037796698056\n ],\n [\n -106.15264892578125,\n 37.477037796698056\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54e85aade4b02d776a67c5b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wockner, Gary","contributorId":118967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wockner","given":"Gary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":541072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boone, Randall","contributorId":121404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boone","given":"Randall","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":541073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schoenecker, Kathryn A. 0000-0001-9906-911X schoeneckerk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9906-911X","contributorId":2001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoenecker","given":"Kathryn","email":"schoeneckerk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zeigenfuss, Linda 0000-0002-6700-8563 linda_zeigenfuss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6700-8563","contributorId":2079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zeigenfuss","given":"Linda","email":"linda_zeigenfuss@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70140264,"text":"ofr20151013 - 2015 - Occurrence and distribution of fecal indicator bacteria and gene markers of pathogenic bacteria in Great Lakes tributaries, March-October 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-12T17:12:19","indexId":"ofr20151013","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-20T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1013","title":"Occurrence and distribution of fecal indicator bacteria and gene markers of pathogenic bacteria in Great Lakes tributaries, March-October 2011","docAbstract":"From March through October 2011, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), conducted a study to determine the frequency of occurrence of pathogen gene markers and densities of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) in 22 tributaries to the Great Lakes. This project was funded as part of the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI) and included sampling at 22 locations throughout 6 states that border the Great Lakes.
\nA total of 177 environmental samples were collected at USGS streamgaging stations during both normal-flow and high-flow conditions and were analyzed by the Michigan Bacteriological Research Laboratory at the USGS Water Science Center in Lansing, Michigan.
\nWater samples were analyzed for the presence of FIB concentrations (FIB; fecal coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli [E. coli], and enterococci) by using membrane filtration and serial dilution methods. The resulting enrichments from standard culturing of the samples were then analyzed by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to determine the occurrence of pathogen gene markers for Shigella species, Campylobacter jejuni and coli, Salmonellaspecies, and pathogenic E. coli, including Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151013","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative","usgsCitation":"Brennan, A.K., Johnson, H., Totten, A.R., and Duris, J.W., 2015, Occurrence and distribution of fecal indicator bacteria and gene markers of pathogenic bacteria in Great Lakes tributaries, March-October 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1013, v, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151013.","productDescription":"v, 29 p.","numberOfPages":"39","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2011-03-01","temporalEnd":"2011-10-31","ipdsId":"IP-039000","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298071,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151013.jpg"},{"id":298069,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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Susquehanna River Basin, Pennsylvania and Maryland, 1900-2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-22T09:53:31","indexId":"ofr20141235","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-18T09:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1235","title":"Sediment transport and capacity change in three reservoirs, Lower Susquehanna River Basin, Pennsylvania and Maryland, 1900-2012","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has conducted numerous sediment transport studies in the Susquehanna River and in particular in three reservoirs in the Lower Susquehanna River Basin to determine sediment transport rates over the past century and to document changes in storage capacity. The Susquehanna River is the largest tributary to Chesapeake Bay and transports about one-half of the total freshwater input and substantial amounts of sediment and nutrients to the bay. The transported loads are affected by deposition in reservoirs (Lake Clarke, Lake Aldred, and Conowingo Reservoir) behind three hydropower dams. The geometry and texture of the deposited sediments in each reservoir upstream from the three dams has been a subject of research in recent decades. Particle size deposition and sediment scouring processes are part of the reservoir dynamics. A Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) for nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment was established for Chesapeake Bay to attain water-quality standards. Six states and the District of Columbia agreed to reduce loads to the bay and to meet load allocation goals for the TMDL. The USGS has been estimating annual sediment loads at the Susquehanna River at Marietta, Pennsylvania (above Lake Clarke), and Susquehanna River at Conowingo, Maryland (below Conowingo Reservoir), since the mid-1980s to predict the mass balance of sediment transport through the reservoir system. Using streamflow and sediment data from the Susquehanna River at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania (upstream from the reservoirs), from 1900 to 1981, sediment loads were greatest in the early to mid-1900s when land disturbance activities from coal production and agriculture were at their peak. Sediment loads declined in the 1950s with the introduction of agricultural soil conservation practices. Loads were dominated by climatic factors in the 1960s (drought) and 1970s (very wet) and have been declining since the 1980s through 2012. The USGS developed a regression equation to predict the sediment scour load for daily mean streamflows greater than 300,000 cubic feet per second for the Lower Susquehanna River reservoirs. A compilation of data from various sources produced a range in total sediment transported through the reservoir system and allowed for apportioning to source (watershed or scour) for various streamflows. In 2011, Conowingo Reservoir was estimated to be about 92 percent of sediment storage capacity. Since construction of Conowingo Dam in 1929 through 2012, approximately 470 million tons of sediment was transported down the Susquehanna River into the reservoir system, approximately 290 million tons were trapped, and approximately 180 million tons were transported to Chesapeake Bay. Spatial and estimated total sand deposition in Conowingo Reservoir based on historical sediment cores indicated continued migration of sand downgradient toward the dam and the winnowing of silts and clays near the dam due to scour.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141235","usgsCitation":"Langland, M.J., 2015, Sediment transport and capacity change in three reservoirs, Lower Susquehanna River Basin, Pennsylvania and Maryland, 1900-2012: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1235, vi, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141235.","productDescription":"vi, 18 p.","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1900-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-058536","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297804,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141235.jpg"},{"id":297803,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1235/pdf/ofr2014-1235.pdf","size":"1.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":297802,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1235/"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Conowingo Reservoir, Lake Aldred, Lake Clarke, Susquehanna River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.60354614257812,\n 40.04338625950062\n ],\n [\n -76.59942626953125,\n 40.063358664163296\n ],\n [\n -76.53076171875,\n 40.063358664163296\n ],\n [\n -76.44973754882812,\n 39.96870074491696\n ],\n [\n -76.365966796875,\n 39.91605629078665\n ],\n [\n -76.23550415039062,\n 39.761047087593965\n ],\n [\n -76.18057250976562,\n 39.67125632523974\n ],\n [\n -76.19979858398438,\n 39.66068502219227\n ],\n [\n -76.24923706054688,\n 39.69239407904182\n ],\n [\n -76.2725830078125,\n 39.75999140525313\n ],\n [\n -76.35772705078125,\n 39.829631721333726\n ],\n [\n -76.38519287109375,\n 39.86547951378614\n ],\n [\n -76.4044189453125,\n 39.91078961774283\n ],\n [\n -76.48544311523436,\n 39.945542175353026\n ],\n [\n -76.53762817382812,\n 40.04128356064847\n ],\n [\n -76.60354614257812,\n 40.04338625950062\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54e5b7f0e4b02d776a669ea9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langland, Michael J. 0000-0002-8350-8779 langland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8350-8779","contributorId":2347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langland","given":"Michael","email":"langland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70138661,"text":"ofr20131070 - 2015 - Environmental assessment of water, sediment, and biota collected from the Bear Creek watershed, Colusa County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-18T09:08:52","indexId":"ofr20131070","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-17T17:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1070","title":"Environmental assessment of water, sediment, and biota collected from the Bear Creek watershed, Colusa County, California","docAbstract":"The Cache Creek watershed lies within California's North Coast Range, an area with abundant geologic sources of mercury (Hg) and a long history of Hg contamination (Rytuba, 2000). Bear Creek, Cache Creek, and the North Fork of Cache Creek are the major streams of the Cache Creek watershed, encompassing 2978 km2. The Cache Creek watershed contains soils naturally enriched in Hg as well as natural springs (both hot and cold) with varying levels of aqueous Hg (Domagalski and others, 2004, Suchanek and others, 2004, Holloway and others 2009). All three tributaries are known to be significant sources of anthropogenically derived Hg from historic mines, both Hg and gold (Au), and associated ore storage/processing sites and facilities (Slotton and others, 1995, 2004; CVRWQCB, 2003; Schwarzbach and others, 2001; Gassel and others, 2005; Suchanek and others., 2004, 2008a, 2009). Historically, two of the primary sources of mercury contamination in the upper part of Bear Creek have been the Rathburn and Petray Hg Mines.
The Rathburn Hg mine was discovered and initially mined in the early 1890s. The Rathburn and the more recently developed Petray open pit mines are localized along fault zones in serpentinite that has been altered and cut by quartz and chalcedony veins. Cold saline-carbonate springs are located perepheral to the Hg deposits and effluent from the springs locally has high concentrations of Hg (Slowey and Rytuba, 2008). Several ephemeral tributaries to Bear Creek drain the mine area which is located on federal land managed by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management (USBLM). The USBLM requested that the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) measure and characterize Hg and other geochemical constituents in sediment, water, and biota to establish baseline information prior to remediation of the Rathburn and Petray mines. Samples sites were established in Bear Creek upstream and downstream from the mine area. This report is made in response to the USBLM request, the lead agency mandated to conduct a Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) - Removal Site Investigation (RSI). The RSI applies to the possible removal of Hg-contaminated mine waste from Bear Creek.
This report summarizes data obtained from field sampling of water, sediment, and biota in Bear Creek, above input from the mine area and downstream from the Rathburn-Petray mine area to the confluence with Cache Creek. Our results permit a preliminary assessment of the chemical constituents that could elevate levels of monomethyl Hg (MMeHg) in Bear Creek and its uptake by biota and provide baseline information for comparison to conditions after mine remediation is completed.
The U.S. Geological Survey is examining effects of future sea-level rise on the coastal landscape from Maine to Virginia by producing spatially explicit, probabilistic predictions using sea-level projections, vertical land movement rates (due to isostacy), elevation data, and land-cover data. Sea-level-rise scenarios used as model inputs are generated by using multiple sources of information, including Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 models following representative concentration pathways 4.5 and 8.5 in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fifth Assessment Report. A Bayesian network is used to develop a predictive coastal response model that integrates the sea-level, elevation, and land-cover data with assigned probabilities that account for interactions with coastal geomorphology as well as the corresponding ecological and societal systems it supports. The effects of sea-level rise are presented as (1) level of landscape submergence and (2) coastal response type characterized as either static (that is, inundation) or dynamic (that is, landform or landscape change). Results are produced at a spatial scale of 30 meters for four decades (the 2020s, 2030s, 2050s, and 2080s). The probabilistic predictions can be applied to landscape management decisions based on sea-level-rise effects as well as on assessments of the prediction uncertainty and need for improved data or fundamental understanding. This report describes the methods used to produce predictions, including information on input datasets; the modeling approach; model outputs; data-quality-control procedures; and information on how to access the data and metadata online.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141252","usgsCitation":"Lentz, E.E., Stippa, S.R., Thieler, E.R., Plant, N.G., Gesch, D.B., and Horton, R.M., 2015, Evaluating coastal landscape response to sea-level rise in the northeastern United States—Approach and methods (ver. 2.0, December 2015): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014–1252, 26 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141252.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 26 p.; Dataset; Project Web Page","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-058567","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438725,"rank":7,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F73J3B0B","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Coastal Landscape Response to Sea-Level Rise Assessment for the Northeastern United States Data Release"},{"id":297982,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1252/"},{"id":297983,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1252/pdf/ofr2014-1252.pdf","size":"4.23 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":297985,"rank":5,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/project-pages/coastal_response/","text":"Coastal Landscape Response Project","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":297986,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1252/images/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":297984,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/project-pages/coastal_response/data.html","text":"Landscape change predictions for the 2020s, 2030s, 2050s, and 2080s","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":312642,"rank":6,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1252/versionHist.txt"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -67.19238281249999,\n 45.19752230305685\n ],\n [\n -69.23583984375,\n 44.69989765840318\n ],\n [\n -71.34521484375,\n 43.59630591596548\n ],\n [\n -71.69677734375,\n 41.96765920367816\n ],\n [\n -74.72900390625,\n 41.21172151054787\n ],\n [\n -77.6953125,\n 38.993572058209466\n ],\n [\n -77.49755859375,\n 36.54494944148322\n ],\n [\n -75.89355468749999,\n 36.56260003738548\n ],\n [\n -71.7626953125,\n 40.88029480552824\n ],\n [\n -69.80712890625,\n 41.11246878918086\n ],\n [\n -69.67529296875,\n 42.09822241118974\n ],\n [\n -70.24658203125,\n 42.779275360241904\n ],\n [\n -68.8623046875,\n 43.77109381775651\n ],\n [\n -66.796875,\n 44.715513732021336\n ],\n [\n -67.19238281249999,\n 45.19752230305685\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted February 13, 2015; Version 2.0: December 21, 2015","contact":"Director, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
384 Woods Hole Road
Quissett Campus
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(508) 548-8700
http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov
In 2011, the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers began monitoring the saltwater interface near Lake Okeechobee to evaluate changes in interface depth that could possibly be related to the repair of the Herbert Hoover Dike. A seepage barrier (or cut-off wall), installed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, is a wall of grout designed to protect the Herbert Hoover Dike from internal erosion caused by the piping of water. The seepage barrier prevents water from flowing through or immediately under the dike by diverting the flow below the dike, into the surficial aquifer system. The seepage barrier extends below the saltwater interface in some areas. Monitoring consisted of collecting water samples and time series electromagnetic-induction log (TSEMIL) datasets from 10 well clusters, each of which have 1 shallow and 1 deep monitoring well, with 5- to 10-foot- (ft) long-screened intervals. The deep wells are 120 to 187 ft deep, and the shallow wells are 44 to 100 ft deep.
\nChanges in the depth of the saltwater interface were identified that correspond closely to the depth of the bottom of the seepage barrier. These changes may have been the consequence of changes in groundwater flow initiated by the seepage barrier installation. In areas of the dike where a seepage barrier had not been installed, or where the bottom of the seepage barrier is well above the saltwater interface, monitoring detected no changes in the depth of the saltwater interface.
\nAt five of the monitoring-well cluster locations, a long-screened well was also installed for monitoring and comparison purposes. These long-screened wells are 160 to 200 ft deep, and have open intervals ranging from 145 to 185 ft in length. Water samples were collected at depth intervals of about 5 to 10 ft, using 3-ft-long straddle packers to isolate each sampling interval. The results of monitoring conducted using these long-screened interval wells were generally too variable to identify any changes that might be associated with the seepage barrier. Samples from one of these long-screened interval wells failed to detect the saltwater interface evident in samples and TSEMIL datasets from a collocated well cluster. This failure may have been caused by downward flow of freshwater from above the saltwater interface in the well bore.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141256","usgsCitation":"Prinos, S.T., and Valderrama, R., 2015, Changes in the saltwater interface corresponding to the installation of a seepage barrier near Lake Okeechobee, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1256, Report: vii, 24 p.; 2 Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141256.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 24 p.; 2 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-058177","costCenters":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297981,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141256.jpg"},{"id":297979,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1256/appendix/ofr2014-1256_appendix01.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"30 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"linkHelpText":"Results of water samples from selected long-screened interval monitoring wells."},{"id":297978,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1256/pdf/ofr2014-1256.pdf","size":"6.90 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":297980,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1256/appendix/ofr2014-1256_appendix02.xlsx","text":"Appendix 2","size":"33.6 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"linkHelpText":"Results of water samples from selected short-screened interval monitoring wells."},{"id":297967,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1256/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Lake Okeechobee","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.15875244140625,\n 26.674458841825206\n ],\n [\n -81.15875244140625,\n 27.21311366818236\n ],\n [\n -80.60531616210938,\n 27.21311366818236\n ],\n [\n -80.60531616210938,\n 26.674458841825206\n ],\n [\n -81.15875244140625,\n 26.674458841825206\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54df2028e4b08de9379b3a2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prinos, Scott T. 0000-0002-5776-8956 stprinos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5776-8956","contributorId":4045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prinos","given":"Scott","email":"stprinos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Valderrama, Robert rvalder@usgs.gov","contributorId":5710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valderrama","given":"Robert","email":"rvalder@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":285,"text":"Florida Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":540581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70137951,"text":"ofr20141246 - 2015 - Water-level and wave measurements in the Chandeleur Islands, Louisiana, 2012 and 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-13T15:50:07","indexId":"ofr20141246","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-13T16:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1246","title":"Water-level and wave measurements in the Chandeleur Islands, Louisiana, 2012 and 2013","docAbstract":"This report documents measurements of atmospheric pressure, water levels, and waves made by the U.S. Geological Survey in the Chandeleur Islands, Louisiana, during 2012 and 2013 as part of the Barrier Island Evolution Research project. Simple, inexpensive pressure sensors mounted in shallow wells were buried in the beach and left for one hurricane season and one winter-storm season. Gauges with rapid-sampling pressure sensors that provided nondirectional wave data and water-level data were mounted on rugged mounts on the Chandeleur Sound side and at the base of a tower at the northern end of the island chain. Additionally, an atmospheric pressure sensor was mounted on the tower to provide a local atmospheric pressure measurement for correcting the submerged pressure records.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141246","usgsCitation":"Dickhudt, P., Sherwood, C.R., and DeWitt, N.T., 2015, Water-level and wave measurements in the Chandeleur Islands, Louisiana, 2012 and 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1246, Report: HTML Document; Report: viii, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141246.","productDescription":"Report: HTML Document; Report: viii, 49 p.","numberOfPages":"59","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2012-01-01","temporalEnd":"2013-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-056460","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297977,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141246.JPG"},{"id":297974,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1246/"},{"id":297975,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1246/ofr2014-1246-title_page.html","text":"Report (HTML format)","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":297976,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1246/pdf/ofr2014-1246.pdf","text":"Report PDF","size":"1.52 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Chandeleur Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.88763427734375,\n 30.055425546694924\n ],\n [\n -88.86703491210938,\n 30.07087666238811\n ],\n [\n -88.8196563720703,\n 30.00013836058068\n ],\n [\n -88.81004333496094,\n 29.83945268266779\n ],\n [\n -88.8519287109375,\n 29.840048293026957\n ],\n [\n -88.84025573730469,\n 29.95136495173933\n ],\n [\n -88.88763427734375,\n 30.055425546694924\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54df2032e4b08de9379b3a35","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dickhudt, Patrick J. pdickhudt@usgs.gov","contributorId":5595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickhudt","given":"Patrick J.","email":"pdickhudt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":540602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sherwood, Christopher R. 0000-0001-6135-3553 csherwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6135-3553","contributorId":2866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherwood","given":"Christopher","email":"csherwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeWitt, Nancy T. 0000-0002-2419-4087 ndewitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2419-4087","contributorId":4095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWitt","given":"Nancy","email":"ndewitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70137950,"text":"ofr20141245 - 2015 - Water-level measurements in Dauphin Island, Alabama, from the 2013 Hurricane Season","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-13T15:37:37","indexId":"ofr20141245","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-13T16:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1245","title":"Water-level measurements in Dauphin Island, Alabama, from the 2013 Hurricane Season","docAbstract":"This report describes the instrumentation, field measurements, and processing methods used by the U.S. Geological Survey to measure atmospheric pressure, water levels, and waves on Dauphin Island, Alabama, in 2013 at part of the Barrier Island Evolution Research project. Simple, inexpensive pressure sensors mounted in shallow wells were buried in the beach and left throughout the hurricane season. Additionally, an atmospheric pressure sensor was mounted on the porch of a private residence to provide a local atmospheric pressure measurement for correcting the submerged pressure records.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141245","usgsCitation":"Dickhudt, P., Sherwood, C.R., and DeWitt, N.T., 2015, Water-level measurements in Dauphin Island, Alabama, from the 2013 Hurricane Season: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1245, Report: HTML Document; Report: vii, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141245.","productDescription":"Report: HTML Document; Report: vii, 24 p.","numberOfPages":"33","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2013-01-01","temporalEnd":"2013-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-056459","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297972,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141245.JPG"},{"id":297969,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1245/"},{"id":297970,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1245/ofr2014-1245-title_page.html","text":"Report (HTML format)","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":297971,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1245/pdf/ofr2014-1245.pdf","text":"Report PDF","size":"943 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama","otherGeospatial":"Dauphin Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.13850402832031,\n 30.258029283193757\n ],\n [\n -88.14828872680664,\n 30.254174055663515\n ],\n [\n -88.1623649597168,\n 30.254470616999534\n ],\n [\n -88.20579528808594,\n 30.252246385155885\n ],\n [\n -88.20716857910156,\n 30.24824264093001\n ],\n [\n -88.19910049438477,\n 30.246908023263966\n ],\n [\n -88.13798904418945,\n 30.248835798518176\n ],\n [\n -88.13850402832031,\n 30.258029283193757\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54df2034e4b08de9379b3a37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dickhudt, Patrick J. pdickhudt@usgs.gov","contributorId":5595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickhudt","given":"Patrick J.","email":"pdickhudt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":540595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sherwood, Christopher R. 0000-0001-6135-3553 csherwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6135-3553","contributorId":2866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherwood","given":"Christopher","email":"csherwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeWitt, Nancy T. 0000-0002-2419-4087 ndewitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2419-4087","contributorId":4095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWitt","given":"Nancy","email":"ndewitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70140265,"text":"ofr20151026 - 2015 - Evaluation of aquifer interconnection from aquifer characteristics computed by using specific capacity data within the vicinity of the Tremont Barrel Fill site, Clark County, Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-12T16:17:16","indexId":"ofr20151026","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-12T17:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1026","title":"Evaluation of aquifer interconnection from aquifer characteristics computed by using specific capacity data within the vicinity of the Tremont Barrel Fill site, Clark County, Ohio","docAbstract":"The Tremont Barrel Fill site is immediately north of the Tremont City Landfill near Tremont City, Clark County, Ohio. The site was an unlined pit used as a repository for disposing industrial liquid wastes and sludge from 1976 through 1979. Previous investigations led the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) to conclude that the site poses a contamination risk to nearby residents relying on private supply wells opened to the underlying deep sand and gravel and limestone aquifers. The USEPA also concluded there is a potential risk to the residents of the nearby Tremont City; the city obtains its municipal water supply from the Mad River Valley aquifer, which is recharged by the adjacent limestone aquifer. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) assessed the degree of hydraulic interconnection, and thus possible contaminant pathway(s), between the two aquifers (the sand and gravel and the limestone) underlying the Barrel Fill site, with consideration for the impact of an identified interconnection between the limestone and the Mad River Valley aquifer used for municipal supply.
\nAquifer interconnection between the sand and gravel aquifer overlying the limestone aquifer is assessed by analysis of specific capacity data from well-construction logs for derivation of estimates of transmissivity (T) and horizontal hydraulic conductivity (Kh). Data of this nature is limited in the control or knowledge about how well these data were collected and reported; therefore, the T and Kh are estimations. Similar values of T and Kh are used to infer the degree of aquifer interconnection based on the USEPA Hazard Ranking System, which states that aquifers are considered interconnected when the hydraulic conductivities are within two orders of magnitude.
\nThe results of the hydraulic analysis from 127 wells open to either the sand and gravel or the limestone aquifer indicate that the transmissivity of these aquifers is within one order of magnitude and horizontal hydraulic conductivity is within two orders of magnitude. As such, on the basis of the applied ranking system the two aquifers can be considered hydraulically interconnected.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151026","usgsCitation":"Gahala, A.M., 2015, Evaluation of aquifer interconnection from aquifer characteristics computed by using specific capacity data within the vicinity of the Tremont Barrel Fill site, Clark County, Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1026, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151026.","productDescription":"27 p.","numberOfPages":"31","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061351","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297953,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151026.jpg"},{"id":297951,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1026/"},{"id":297952,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1026/pdf/ofr2015-1026.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.0 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","otherGeospatial":"Clark County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.96987915039061,\n 39.839122664473194\n ],\n [\n -83.96987915039061,\n 40.00552775916049\n ],\n [\n -83.6334228515625,\n 40.00552775916049\n ],\n [\n -83.6334228515625,\n 39.839122664473194\n ],\n [\n -83.96987915039061,\n 39.839122664473194\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54ddcea6e4b08de9379b3932","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gahala, Amy M. 0000-0003-2380-2973 agahala@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2380-2973","contributorId":4396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gahala","given":"Amy","email":"agahala@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70140818,"text":"ofr20141248 - 2015 - Magnetotelluric data collected to characterize aquifers in the San Luis Basin, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-11T09:38:42","indexId":"ofr20141248","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-11T09:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1248","title":"Magnetotelluric data collected to characterize aquifers in the San Luis Basin, New Mexico","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey is conducting a series of multidisciplinary studies of the San Luis Basin as part of the Geologic Framework of Rio Grande Basins project. Detailed geologic mapping, high-resolution airborne magnetic surveys, gravity surveys, magnetotelluric surveys, and hydrologic and lithologic data are being used to better understand the aquifers in the San Luis Basin. This report describes one north-south and two east-west regional magnetotelluric sounding profiles, acquired in June of 2010 and July and August of 2011, across the San Luis Basin in northern New Mexico. No interpretation of the data is included.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141248","usgsCitation":"Ailes, C.E., and Rodriguez, B.D., 2015, Magnetotelluric data collected to characterize aquifers in the San Luis Basin, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1248, Report: iv, 9 p.; Table 2; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141248.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 9 p.; Table 2; Appendix","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-038565","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297912,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141248.jpg"},{"id":297905,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1248/"},{"id":297909,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1248/pdf/ofr2014-1248.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":297910,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1248/downloads/ofr2014-1248_Table2.xls","text":"Table 2","size":"1.27 MB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Table 2"},{"id":297911,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1248/downloads/ofr2014-1248_Appendix.pdf","size":"79.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Appendix"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"San Luis Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.28036499023438,\n 36.147855714690515\n ],\n [\n -106.28036499023438,\n 36.99377838872517\n ],\n [\n -105.10345458984375,\n 36.99377838872517\n ],\n [\n -105.10345458984375,\n 36.147855714690515\n ],\n [\n -106.28036499023438,\n 36.147855714690515\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a94e4b08de9379b310e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ailes, Chad E. cailes@usgs.gov","contributorId":3995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ailes","given":"Chad","email":"cailes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodriguez, Brian D. 0000-0002-2263-611X brod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2263-611X","contributorId":836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"Brian","email":"brod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70140628,"text":"ofr20151028 - 2015 - Strike-parallel and strike-normal coordinate system around geometrically complicated rupture traces: use by NGA-West2 and further improvements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-11T09:20:44","indexId":"ofr20151028","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-11T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1028","title":"Strike-parallel and strike-normal coordinate system around geometrically complicated rupture traces: use by NGA-West2 and further improvements","docAbstract":"We present a two-dimensional system of generalized coordinates for use with geometrically complex fault ruptures that are neither straight nor continuous. The coordinates are a generalization of the conventional strike-normal and strike-parallel coordinates of a single straight fault. The presented conventions and formulations are applicable to a single curved trace, as well as multiple traces representing the rupture of branching faults or noncontiguous faults. An early application of our generalized system is in the second round of the Next Generation of Ground-Motion Attenuation Model project for the Western United States (NGA-West2), where they were used in the characterization of the hanging-wall effects. We further improve the NGA-West2 strike-parallel formulation for multiple rupture traces with a more intuitive definition of the nominal strike direction. We also derive an analytical expression for the gradient of the generalized strike-normal coordinate. The direction of this gradient may be used as the strike-normal direction in the study of polarization effects on ground motions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151028","usgsCitation":"Spudich, P.A., and Chiou, B., 2015, Strike-parallel and strike-normal coordinate system around geometrically complicated rupture traces: use by NGA-West2 and further improvements: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1028, iv, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151028.","productDescription":"iv, 20 p.","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062882","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297908,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151028.PNG"},{"id":297903,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1028/"},{"id":297907,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1028/pdf/ofr2015-1028.pdf","text":"Report","size":"938 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2ab9e4b08de9379b31ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spudich, Paul A. 0000-0002-9484-4997 spudich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9484-4997","contributorId":2372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spudich","given":"Paul","email":"spudich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chiou, Brian","contributorId":139219,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chiou","given":"Brian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":540412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70138830,"text":"ofr20151012 - 2015 - Simulations of a hypothetical temperature control structure at Detroit Dam on the North Santiam River, northwestern Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-06T13:46:26","indexId":"ofr20151012","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-06T13:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1012","title":"Simulations of a hypothetical temperature control structure at Detroit Dam on the North Santiam River, northwestern Oregon","docAbstract":"Water temperature models of Detroit Lake, Big Cliff Lake, and the North Santiam River in northwestern Oregon were used to assess the potential for a hypothetical structure with variable intake elevations and an internal connection to power turbines at Detroit Dam (scenario SlidingWeir) to release more natural, pre-dam temperatures year round. This hypothetical structure improved outflow temperature control from Detroit Dam while meeting minimum dry-season release rates and lake levels specified by the rule curve specified for Detroit Lake.
\nA water temperature target based on long-term, without-dams temperature estimates was developed and used to guide the Detroit Lake model to blend releases from the user-defined outlets at Detroit Dam. Simulations that included warm surface water releases during the spring and summer, and cool, deep hypolimnetic water releases later during autumn typically met the temperature target. Immediately downstream of Detroit Dam, these simulations resulted in temperatures within the range of the without-dams temperature estimates for most of the year until about November. The minimum release rates of flow imposed at Detroit Dam during late summer and early autumn exceeded unregulated, without-dams flow estimates. This higher flow led to temperatures near the low end of the without-dams temperature range 46.3 river miles downstream at Greens Bridge from July to September; the high flows released from Detroit Dam were less susceptible to downstream warming than the low unregulated flows. Simulations that blended warm and cool water from different outlets at Detroit Dam resulted in less daily temperature variation compared to the without-dams scenarios as far downstream as Greens Bridge.
\nEstimated egg-emergence days for endangered Upper Willamette River Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and Upper Willamette River winter steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were assessed for all scenarios. Estimated spring Chinook fry emergence under SlidingWeir scenarios was 9 days later immediately downstream of Big Cliff Dam, and 4 days later at Greens Bridge compared with existing structural scenarios at Detroit Dam. Despite the inclusion of a hypothetical sliding weir at Detroit Dam, temperatures exceeded without-dams temperatures during November and December. These late-autumn exceedances likely represent the residual thermal effect of Detroit Lake operated to meet minimum dry-season release rates (supporting instream habitat and irrigation requirements) and lake levels specified by the current (2014) operating rules (supporting recreation and flood mitigation).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151012","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Buccola, N.L., Stonewall, A.J., and Rounds, S.A., 2015, Simulations of a hypothetical temperature control structure at Detroit Dam on the North Santiam River, northwestern Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1012, vi, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151012.","productDescription":"vi, 30 p.","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057390","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297807,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151012.JPG"},{"id":297805,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1012/"},{"id":297806,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1012/pdf/ofr2015-1012.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 10","datum":"North American Datum of 1927","country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Big Cliff Lake, Detroit Lake, North Santiam River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.20068359374999,\n 44.469071224701096\n ],\n [\n -123.20068359374999,\n 44.912304304581525\n ],\n [\n -121.77246093750001,\n 44.912304304581525\n ],\n [\n -121.77246093750001,\n 44.469071224701096\n ],\n [\n -123.20068359374999,\n 44.469071224701096\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2ab4e4b08de9379b3194","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buccola, Norman L. nbuccola@usgs.gov","contributorId":139094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buccola","given":"Norman","email":"nbuccola@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":539999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stonewall, Adam J. 0000-0002-3277-8736 stonewal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3277-8736","contributorId":138801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stonewall","given":"Adam","email":"stonewal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":540000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rounds, Stewart A. 0000-0002-8540-2206 sarounds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8540-2206","contributorId":905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rounds","given":"Stewart","email":"sarounds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70140180,"text":"ofr20151027 - 2015 - Improved algorithms in the CE-QUAL-W2 water-quality model for blending dam releases to meet downstream water-temperature targets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-06T12:51:55","indexId":"ofr20151027","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-06T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1027","title":"Improved algorithms in the CE-QUAL-W2 water-quality model for blending dam releases to meet downstream water-temperature targets","docAbstract":"Water-quality models allow water resource professionals to examine conditions under an almost unlimited variety of potential future scenarios. The two-dimensional (longitudinal, vertical) water-quality model CE-QUAL-W2, version 3.7, was enhanced and augmented with new features to help dam operators and managers explore and optimize potential solutions for temperature management downstream of thermally stratified reservoirs. Such temperature management often is accomplished by blending releases from multiple dam outlets that access water of different temperatures at different depths. The modified blending algorithm in version 3.7 of CE-QUAL-W2 allows the user to specify a time-series of target release temperatures, designate from 2 to 10 floating or fixed-elevation outlets for blending, impose minimum and maximum head and flow constraints for any blended outlet, and set priority designations for each outlet that allow the model to choose which outlets to use and how to balance releases among them. The modified model was tested with a variety of examples and against a previously calibrated model of Detroit Lake on the North Santiam River in northwestern Oregon, and the results compared well. These updates to the blending algorithms will allow more complicated dam-operation scenarios to be evaluated somewhat automatically with the model, with decreased need for multiple model runs or preprocessing of model inputs to fully characterize the operational constraints.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151027","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Rounds, S.A., and Buccola, N., 2015, Improved algorithms in the CE-QUAL-W2 water-quality model for blending dam releases to meet downstream water-temperature targets: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1027, Report: vi, 36 p.; Examples; Model Source, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151027.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 36 p.; Examples; Model Source","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-057372","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297791,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151027.JPG"},{"id":297788,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1027/pdf/ofr2015-1027.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":297787,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1027/"},{"id":297789,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1027/downloads/ofr2015-1027_code_changes_examples.zip","text":"Examples","size":"17.2 MB","description":"Examples"},{"id":297790,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1027/downloads/ofr2015-1027_code_changes_model_source.zip","text":"Model Source","size":"2.7 MB","description":"Model Source"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a88e4b08de9379b30da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rounds, Stewart A. 0000-0002-8540-2206 sarounds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8540-2206","contributorId":905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rounds","given":"Stewart","email":"sarounds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buccola, Norman L. nbuccola@usgs.gov","contributorId":138859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buccola","given":"Norman L.","email":"nbuccola@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":539981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}