As part of a program for managing its ground-water supply, the city of Kalamazoo has constructed induced-recharge facilities at the sites of several of its well fields. To determine the benefits of induced recharge in a water-management program, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the city, conducted a series of field experiments at a city well field (Station 9). The 12 production wells at the test site penetrate about 160 feet of glacial drift, which can be separated into three general units a lower aquifer, an intervening confining layer, and an upper aquifer. Although the upper aquifer is not tapped by any of the municipal supply wells, it serves as a storage and transmission medium for water from the West Fork Portage Creek.
The testing program consisted of four aquifer and three recharge tests. The aquifer tests show that the transmissibility of the upper and lower aquifers ranges from 50,000 to 100,000 gallons per day per foot and indicate that nearly 200 gpm (gallons per minute) leaks through the intervening aquiclude under nonpumping conditions. The object of the three recharge tests (tests 5, 6, and 7) was to observe the effects of induced recharge by varying conditions in the recharge channel. During the three recharge tests, 7 wells were pumped at a total rate averaging about 2,500 gpm. During test 5, inflow to the channel was shut off, and the water level in the channel was allowed to decline. Drawdowns measured during this test were used as a standard for comparison with drawdowns in tests 6 and 7. During test 6, the head in the recharge channel was maintained as constant as possible, and the inflow to the channel was measured. The rate of induced recharge, as indicated by the measured inflow, averaged about 300 gpm. Between tests 6 and 7, the area of the channel was increased from 27,000 to 143,000 square feet. During test 7, the head in the channel was again maintained as constant as possible, but the inflow to the larger channel increased to about 600 gpm.
The principal effect of induced recharge on the two aquifers was to reduce the amount and rate of drawdown. Therefore, where water levels and artesian pressures can be maintained at high stages, the result is lower pumping costs and increased rates of withdrawal during periods of peak demand.
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The report was authorized by a cooperative agreement between the U.S. Geological Survey and the California Department of Water Resources. It was prepared under the general direction of Walter Hofmann, district chief of the Water Resources Division of the Geological Survey, at Menlo Park.
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1966 - Floods in Sag Bridge Quadrangle, Northeastern Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:26","indexId":"ha149","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"149","title":"Floods in Sag Bridge Quadrangle, Northeastern Illinois","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ha149","usgsCitation":"Noehre, A.W., and Walter, G.L., 1966, Floods in Sag Bridge Quadrangle, Northeastern Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 149, 1 col. map ;58 x 44 cm., on sheet 84 x 112 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ha149.","productDescription":"1 col. map ;58 x 44 cm., on sheet 84 x 112 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":186666,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":89398,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/149/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"24000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88,41.6175 ], [ -88,41.75 ], [ -87.86749999999999,41.75 ], [ -87.86749999999999,41.6175 ], [ -88,41.6175 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4f62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Noehre, Allen W.","contributorId":17659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noehre","given":"Allen","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":277682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walter, Gerald L.","contributorId":59880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walter","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":277683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":63382,"text":"gq554 - 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A1-A20, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp503A.","productDescription":"p. A1-A20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":120341,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0503a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":65881,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0503a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689aef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boucot, A. J.","contributorId":30620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boucot","given":"A. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yochelson, E. L.","contributorId":50948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yochelson","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1100,"text":"wsp1684 - 1966 - Magnitude and frequency of floods in the United States: Part 10. The Great Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-17T21:22:50.59657","indexId":"wsp1684","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1684","title":"Magnitude and frequency of floods in the United States: Part 10. The Great Basin","docAbstract":"The probable magnitude of floods of any recurrence interval between 1.1 and 50 years for any stream in the Great Basin can be determined by methods presented in this report.
The Great Basin comprises nearly all of Nevada, western Utah, eastern California, and parts of Idaho, Oregon, and Wyoming. The physiography of the basin is a series of mountain ranges and desert valleys, which trend in a north-south direction. Extreme variations in climate from arid to humid are attributed to the mountains, which, in general, are at right angles to the prevailing westerly winds. The area is subject to cloudburst floods and mud-rock flows, and this situation often results in high rates of runoff and heavy erosion from small drainage basins. The greater part of the basin is desert, and because of the paucity of flood data, the flood characteristics are poorly defined.
Two sets of curves are provided for estimating the magnitude and frequency of floods: (1) curves that represent the ratio of a flood of any frequency to the mean annual flood, and (2) curves that relate the mean annual flood to the size of the drainage basin and, where significant, to the mean altitude of the basin. Using these curves, a flood of a selected frequency can be determined for any site within the range of the base data. Separate 50-year flood graphs are shown for most of the larger rivers that are affected by regulation or diversion.
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