The part of the Atlantic Coastal Plain that extends from New Jersey through Virginia was selected as a suitable field model in which to study the relationships between geology, hydrology, and chemical character of ground water. The ground-water flow pattern is the principal hydrologic control on the chemical character of the water. Within the Coastal Plain sediments, the proportions of clay, glauconitic sand, and calcareous material are the principal lithologic controls over the chemistry of the water.
\nA subsurface body of salt water extends from southern New Jersey through southern Virginia and occupies the deposits deeper than about 500 feet below land surface in the eastern part of the Coastal Plain. The position of its top is determined by the relative head, which in turn is influenced by topography, drainage density, and the thickness and permeability of the Coastal Plain sediments.
\nHydrochemical facies is a term used in this paper to denote the diagnostic chemical aspect of ground-water solutions occurring in hydrologic systems. The facies reflect the response of chemical processes operating within the lithologic framework and also the pattern of flow of the water. The distribution of these facies is shown in trilinear diagrams and isometric fence diagrams and on maps showing isopleths of chemical constituents within certain formations. The occurrence of the various facies within one formation or within a group of formations of uniform mineralogy indicates that the ground-water flow through the aquifer system modifies the distribution of the facies.
\nFlow patterns of fresh ground water shown on maps and in cross sections have been deduced from available water-level data. These patterns are controlled by the distribution of the higher landmasses and by the depth to either bedrock or to the salt-water interface. The mapping of hydrochemical facies shows that at shallow depths within the Coastal Plain (less than about 200 ft) the calcium-magnesium cation facies generally predominates. The bicarbonate anion facies occurs within more of the shallow Coastal Plain sediments than does the sulfate or the chloride facies. In deeper formations, the sodium chloride character predominates. The lower dissolved-solids content of the ground water in New Jersey indicates less upward vertical leakage than in Maryland and Virginia, where the shallow formations contain solutions of higher concentration.
","largerWorkTitle":"Hydrology of aquifer systems","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/pp498A","usgsCitation":"Back, W., 1966, Hydrochemical facies and ground-water flow patterns in northern part of Atlantic Coastal Plain: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 498, Report: iv, 42 p.; 1 Plate: 54.00 x 41.50 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp498A.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 42 p.; 1 Plate: 54.00 x 41.50 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":32282,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0498a/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","size":"7.25 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 1"},{"id":118160,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0498a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":104479,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4513.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"4513"},{"id":32283,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0498a/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.06 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.03662109375,\n 41.50857729743935\n ],\n [\n -73.80615234375,\n 40.94671366508002\n ],\n [\n -73.89404296875,\n 40.41349604970198\n ],\n [\n -74.1357421875,\n 39.487084981687495\n ],\n [\n -74.6630859375,\n 38.8225909761771\n ],\n [\n -75.234375,\n 37.70120736474139\n ],\n [\n -75.6298828125,\n 37.00255267215955\n ],\n [\n -75.69580078125,\n 36.527294814546245\n ],\n [\n -80.33203125,\n 36.63316209558658\n ],\n [\n -79.16748046874999,\n 37.56199695314352\n ],\n [\n -78.046875,\n 38.75408327579141\n ],\n [\n -77.62939453125,\n 39.52099229357195\n ],\n [\n -77.05810546875,\n 40.094882122321174\n ],\n [\n -76.31103515625,\n 40.697299008636755\n ],\n [\n -75.6298828125,\n 41.36031866306708\n ],\n [\n -75.03662109375,\n 41.50857729743935\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a50e4b07f02db628ed5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Back, William","contributorId":59007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Back","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70112260,"text":"70112260 - 1966 - Water resources in the Everglades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-27T13:43:28","indexId":"70112260","displayToPublicDate":"1990-06-12T10:29:00","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water resources in the Everglades","docAbstract":"Aerial photography is playing an important role in the evaluation of the water resources of the almost-inaccessible 1,400 square miles of Everglades in southern Florida. Color, infrared, and panchromatic photographs show salient features that permit evaluation of the overall water resources picture. The fresh water-salt water interface, drainage patterns, ecologic changes resulting from flood and drought, quantities of flow, and other hydrologic features are easily observed or measured from the photographs. Such data permit areal extension of very limited point observations of water resources data, and will assist in providing the necessary guidelines for decisions in water management in the Everglades.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Photogrammetry","publisherLocation":"Falls Church, VA","usgsCitation":"Schneider, W.J., 1966, Water resources in the Everglades: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 32, no. 6, p. 958-965.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"958","endPage":"965","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288452,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.5212,24.85 ], [ -81.5212,25.8918 ], [ -80.3887,25.8918 ], [ -80.3887,24.85 ], [ -81.5212,24.85 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"32","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"539acc61e4b0e83db6d0907f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schneider, William J.","contributorId":47349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70112258,"text":"70112258 - 1966 - Water and the Everglades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-27T13:46:14","indexId":"70112258","displayToPublicDate":"1990-06-12T10:17:00","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2825,"text":"Natural History","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water and the Everglades","docAbstract":"This fundamental element, whether profuse or scarce, rules the life and character of Florida's great park. But water, like living space, is a resource that civilization demands in ever increasing quantities. Examined here are the economics of water use by Florida's east coast cities and its effects on Everglades ecology.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Museum of Natural History","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","usgsCitation":"Schneider, W.J., 1966, Water and the Everglades: Natural History, v. 75, no. 9, p. 32-41.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"32","endPage":"41","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288450,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.5212,24.85 ], [ -81.5212,25.8918 ], [ -80.3887,25.8918 ], [ -80.3887,24.85 ], [ -81.5212,24.85 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"75","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"539acc5ce4b0e83db6d09057","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schneider, William J.","contributorId":47349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70112257,"text":"70112257 - 1966 - Ultraviolet investigations for lunar missions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-27T13:42:54","indexId":"70112257","displayToPublicDate":"1990-06-12T10:10:00","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":653,"text":"Advances in Astronautical Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ultraviolet investigations for lunar missions","docAbstract":"Preliminary field tests of an active ultraviolet imaging system have shown that it is possible to produce linages of the terrain from distances as great as 75 feet by means of reflected ultraviolet light at wavelengths longer than 3300 A. Minerals that luminesce when exposed to ultraviolet energy have been detected from distances as great as 200 feet. With appropriate design modifications, it may be possible to utilize a similar system in detecting luminescing minerals from greater distances. Also, with a similar system and appropriate auxiliary equipment such as image intensifiers, it may be possible to discriminate between naturally occurring materials on the basis of reflected ultraviolet energy at wavelengths shorter than 3000 A. In this part of the spectrum image contrast for some rock types may exceed that from visible light. Information from these and related ultraviolet spectralanalysis studies may be useful in evaluating data obtained from passive ultraviolet systems in lunar orbit as well as from active systems on the lunar surface.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Astronautical Society","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Hemphill, W.R., Fischer, W., and Dornbach, J., 1966, Ultraviolet investigations for lunar missions: Advances in Astronautical Sciences, v. 20, p. 397-415.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"397","endPage":"415","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288449,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"539acc5be4b0e83db6d09044","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Narin, Francis","contributorId":111682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Narin","given":"Francis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509858,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Hemphill, William R.","contributorId":21970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemphill","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":494584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fischer, William A.","contributorId":47787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"William A.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":494586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dornbach, J.E.","contributorId":30547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dornbach","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70174079,"text":"70174079 - 1966 - Magnitude and frequency of Iowa floods, Part two","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-23T19:22:54.01604","indexId":"70174079","displayToPublicDate":"1970-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5105,"text":"Iowa Highway Research Board Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"28","title":"Magnitude and frequency of Iowa floods, Part two","docAbstract":"Flood records for regular and partial-record gaging stations are contained in the following pages. Each listing contains the station number and name, descriptive paragraphs pertaining to the station, and a listing of the flood peaks available through the 1965 water year. Peaks above a base as well as annual peaks are listed. These provide the data for a partial-duration flood-frequency curve. Most of the material is self-explanatory and needs no discussion. However, a few items may be made clearer by the brief explanation which follows.
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Dakota\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5620ce6ae4b06217fc478add","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crosby, Orlo A.","contributorId":6065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crosby","given":"Orlo A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70173975,"text":"70173975 - 1966 - Selected flow characteristics of streams in the Willamette River Basin, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-21T14:07:14","indexId":"70173975","displayToPublicDate":"1967-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":375,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Selected flow characteristics of streams in the Willamette River Basin, Oregon","docAbstract":"Flow-duration, annual low-flow, and annual high-flow tables through September 30, 1963, are given in this report for 110 stream-gaging stations in the Willamette and Sandy River basins. These tables summarize the basic data needed to define the streamflow characteristics at the gaging stations. The content of each of the three summary tables is described, and techniques for preparing flow-duration curves, low-flow frequency curves, and high-flow frequency curves are explained.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","doi":"10.3133/70173975","usgsCitation":"Swift, C.H., 1966, Selected flow characteristics of streams in the Willamette River Basin, Oregon: Open-File Report, 177 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70173975.","productDescription":"177 p.","numberOfPages":"181","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324025,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70173975.jpg"},{"id":324138,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70173975/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Willamette River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.585205078125,\n 43.30919109985686\n ],\n [\n -123.585205078125,\n 45.775186183521036\n ],\n [\n -121.40991210937499,\n 45.775186183521036\n ],\n [\n -121.40991210937499,\n 43.30919109985686\n ],\n [\n -123.585205078125,\n 43.30919109985686\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576913e7e4b07657d19ff265","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swift, C. H. III","contributorId":43624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swift","given":"C.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70207387,"text":"70207387 - 1966 - Jura tectonics as a décollement","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-18T14:11:54","indexId":"70207387","displayToPublicDate":"1966-12-31T14:08:51","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Jura tectonics as a décollement","docAbstract":"For many years the structure of the Jura Mountains was interpreted as a décollement whose origin was related to the Alps; in recent years, however, this mode of origin has been questioned. Most of the alternative explanations recognize a décollement to some extent, but attribute it to movement of the basement beneath. Surface and subsurface data are here reviewed to show that the Jura deformation was produced in a gliding sheet, in which the forces of gravity and inertia were generated within the total moving mass. Features of the folded Jura which support the décollement hypothesis are: (1) Nowhere are rocks older than Middle Triassic exposed, which strongly suggests that the folding does not extend to the older rocks. (2) Subsurface data in the Lons-le-Saunier region clearly show that the external border of the Jura has moved northwestward over the eastern margin of the Bresse Basin. (3) Lower Jurassic rocks rest on Upper Jurassic along a horizontal fault 1234 m deep in the Risoux well near the middle of the Jura. (4) The tabular areas, with their absence of folds, are expectable in a décollement. (5) High-angle tear faults, interpreted as not extending into the basement, are normal features of a décollement sheet. A continuous décollement around the southwestern end of the Swiss Plain can reasonably be inferred, connecting the internal Jura, the Salève, and the Subalpine folds as part of the décollement mass. Elsewhere, the internal border of décollement extends southeastward into the Molasse basin for an unknown distance and probably underlies the entire basin; if it does, a causal relation to the Alps is indicated. © 1966, The Geological Society of America, Inc.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1966)77[1265:JTAAD]2.0.CO;2","issn":" 00167606","usgsCitation":"Pierce, W.G., 1966, Jura tectonics as a décollement: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 77, no. 11, p. 1265-1276, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1966)77[1265:JTAAD]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p. ","startPage":"1265","endPage":"1276","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":370427,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pierce, W. G.","contributorId":11267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70210055,"text":"70210055 - 1966 - Insecticide contaminations in wetland habitats and their effects on fish- eating birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-12T17:56:10.93947","indexId":"70210055","displayToPublicDate":"1966-12-31T12:48:33","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2163,"text":"Journal of Applied Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Insecticide contaminations in wetland habitats and their effects on fish- eating birds","docAbstract":"An unusual mortality of fish-eating birds occurred at the Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge in California between 1960 and 1962. Over 1100 dead birds of ten species were found during that period. Investigations of the mortality indicated that birds died as a result of their exposure to toxaphene, which was applied to adjoining agricultural areas, transported to the refuge in waste irrigation water, and accumulated in fish eaten by the birds. Toxaphene was used in agriculture for only 3 years, 1958-60, and by 1962 residues were no longer found in the marsh habitat. However, results also showed that a potentially hazardous contamination of DDT and its metabolites was present in the birds and the environment. Studies were, therefore, continued to determine the food-chain relationships of DDT in marsh ecosystems, and the effects of the insecticide on birds. Sampling for insecticide residues was undertaken at four waterfowl refuges, each representing a somewhat different set of environmental conditions. DDT residues in water at each refuge were found to be relatively low, but filtered samples showed that residues in suspended material were 10 000 to 20 000 times as great as those in the filtrate. Much of the suspended material was organic matter, which is an important source of energy for the ecosystems. In environments with invertebrates, DDT residues were relatively low in sediments and high in fish, while residues in vegetation were highest where invertebrates were absent. Results suggest that organic materials and invertebrates can be important factors in determining the fate and involvement of insecticides in aquatic environments. Studies of the movements, exposure to pesticides, productivity, and longevity of individuals in three nesting colonies of White Pelicans were begun in 1962 to depict the relationships of pesticides to a migratory population of birds dependent upon wetland habitats. To date there is no evidence that the exposure of pelicans to DDT is influencing the population dynamics of the birds.
","language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Scientific ","doi":"10.2307/2401446","usgsCitation":"Keith, J.O., 1966, Insecticide contaminations in wetland habitats and their effects on fish- eating birds: Journal of Applied Ecology, v. 3, no. Suppl, p. 71-85, https://doi.org/10.2307/2401446.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"71","endPage":"85","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":374701,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Tule Lake Basin, Upper Klamath National Wildlife Refuge ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.58843994140625,\n 41.81431422987254\n ],\n [\n -121.37832641601561,\n 41.81431422987254\n ],\n [\n -121.37832641601561,\n 41.98246303636425\n ],\n [\n -121.58843994140625,\n 41.98246303636425\n ],\n [\n -121.58843994140625,\n 41.81431422987254\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.10205078125,\n 42.407234661551875\n ],\n [\n -121.8878173828125,\n 42.407234661551875\n ],\n [\n -121.8878173828125,\n 42.77423534479349\n ],\n [\n -122.10205078125,\n 42.77423534479349\n ],\n [\n -122.10205078125,\n 42.407234661551875\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"Suppl","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keith, James O.","contributorId":76039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keith","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70217836,"text":"70217836 - 1966 - Field continuation and the step model in aeromagnetic interpretation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-05T17:17:00.099885","indexId":"70217836","displayToPublicDate":"1966-12-31T11:15:31","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1806,"text":"Geophysical Prospecting","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Field continuation and the step model in aeromagnetic interpretation","docAbstract":"Downward continuation of the field in the neighborhood of a singularity of a magnetic anomaly is used to render the anomaly more two‐dimensional, to make the bottom of the causal body more remote, and to obtain an auxiliary function, φ (O, z), by means of which the anomaly may be interpreted in terms of an equivalent vertical contact or step model. The concept of “apparent depth” is introduced and used in studying depth extent and susceptibility. The methods are illustrated with theoretical and practical examples.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2478.1966.tb02252.x","usgsCitation":"Henderson, R., 1966, Field continuation and the step model in aeromagnetic interpretation: Geophysical Prospecting, v. 14, no. 4, p. 528-546, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.1966.tb02252.x.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"528","endPage":"546","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":383053,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-04-27","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henderson, Roland G.","contributorId":65139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henderson","given":"Roland G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":809868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70206947,"text":"70206947 - 1966 - Hydration of natural glass and formation of perlite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-02T07:01:07","indexId":"70206947","displayToPublicDate":"1966-12-31T09:13:43","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":" Hydration of natural glass and formation of perlite","docAbstract":"The hydration rate of rhyolitic glass has been determined at temperatures ranging from 5° C to 100° C. The relationship between the depth of hydration, x, and time, t is x2 = kt; k varies from 0.4 μ2/103 years at 5° C to 104 μ2/103 years at 100° C; k is independent of the water pressure from a few hundredths of a centimeter to 1 atm. water pressure. The activation energy of hydration is about 20 kcal/mole. The determined hydration rates are consistent with the observation that perlite commonly forms by the hydration of shattered rhyolitic glass, either during the late cooling of a deposit or after the deposit has cooled to a surficial temperature.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1966)77[323:HONGAF]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Friedman, I., Smith, R., and Long, W., 1966, Hydration of natural glass and formation of perlite: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 77, no. 3, p. 323-328, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1966)77[323:HONGAF]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p. ","startPage":"323","endPage":"328","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":369776,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedman, I.","contributorId":95596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, R.L.","contributorId":47422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Long, W.D.","contributorId":82845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70206946,"text":"70206946 - 1966 - The Bandelier Tuff: A study of ash-flow eruption cycles from zoned magma chambers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-28T19:51:38.806579","indexId":"70206946","displayToPublicDate":"1966-12-31T08:27:16","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1093,"text":"Bulletin Volcanologique","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Bandelier Tuff: A study of ash-flow eruption cycles from zoned magma chambers","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/BF02597146","usgsCitation":"Smith, R., and Bailey, R.A., 1966, The Bandelier Tuff: A study of ash-flow eruption cycles from zoned magma chambers: Bulletin Volcanologique, v. 29, no. 1, p. 83-103, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02597146.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"103","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":369775,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Jemez Mountains, Valles Caldera","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.88323974609374,\n 35.62381451392674\n ],\n [\n -106.1553955078125,\n 35.62381451392674\n ],\n [\n -106.1553955078125,\n 36.1955251660701\n ],\n [\n -106.88323974609374,\n 36.1955251660701\n ],\n [\n -106.88323974609374,\n 35.62381451392674\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, R.L.","contributorId":47422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bailey, R. A.","contributorId":119050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70219934,"text":"70219934 - 1966 - Tropical lakes, copropel, and oil shale","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-16T12:23:10.823743","indexId":"70219934","displayToPublicDate":"1966-12-31T07:19:20","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tropical lakes, copropel, and oil shale","docAbstract":"During a long-continued study of the lacustrine beds of the Eocene Green River Formation, I have tried to interpret past events from observation of present-day processes. After a search of some 40 years, four lakes have been found that are producing a kind of organic ooze judged to be a modern analogue of the precursors of rich oil shale. Two of the lakes are in central Africa and two are in Florida. All four are shallow. The ooze in all four is predominantly algal, entirely in the form of minute fecal pellets, and does not decay in warm, wet, oxidizing environments.
Several of the most unusual, mummified microorganisms found in the oil shale of the Green River are illustrated as testament to the inference that the Eocene organic oozes also were resistant to decay.
Studies to determine why these algal oozes do not decay are in progress, but as yet no satisfactory explanation is available. The ooze from Mud Lake, Florida, contains very few living bacteria but a great many bacterial spores, suggesting some active inhibitor. Gentle and slow anaerobic decay takes place in the ooze 1 foot or more below the mud-water interface.
The algal ooze accumulates slowly. That at a depth of 3 feet below the mud-water interface has a C14 age of 2280 ± 200 years. If compacted, this 3-foot layer would amount to a layer only about 0.5 inch thick.
The air-dried algal mud (from Mud Lake) looks much like oil shale and has a C-H ratio essentially like that of the organic matter in oil shale. The oxygen of the mud, however, is roughly 5 times as high as in oil shale. The calorific value of dried Mud Lake algal ooze is about 6600 cal/g, whereas the organic matter from Green River oil shale averages about 9500 cal/g.
Analyses show that the dried algal ooze from Mud Lake contains small quantities of higher fatty acids (C12–C34), with C16 being dominant. It also contains some unsaturated fatty acids and about 0.3 per cent of n-alkanes, predominantly odd carbons, with C29 being dominant. A few qualitative analyses show that carotenoid pigments and terpenes are also present.
A possible source of hydrocarbons is the long branched side chain of the chlorophyll molecule. Small crustaceans liberate this in the form of phytol, which, by dehydration, can go over into a series of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons, including phytanc and pristane, both of which are common in Green River oil shale. Search for other precursors of hydrocarbons continues.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1966)77[1333:TLCAOS]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Bradley, W., 1966, Tropical lakes, copropel, and oil shale: GSA Bulletin, v. 77, no. 12, p. 1333-1337, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1966)77[1333:TLCAOS]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1333","endPage":"1337","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385151,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, W.H.","contributorId":220222,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bradley","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":814404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5210183,"text":"5210183 - 1966 - Pesticide residues in the ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-19T16:19:07.242799","indexId":"5210183","displayToPublicDate":"1966-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"8","title":"Pesticide residues in the ecosystem","docAbstract":"Pesticide residues have become a component of nearly all living organisms. Nearly all California birds and fish collected in a 1963 pesticide survey contained residues. Discovery of DDT and metabolites in Antarctic animals in 1964 pushed the distribution of pesticides to the remotest portions of the globe. Exchange of pesticides in the aquatic world progresses rapidly, even in the quiet waters of a pond. Any segment of the ecosystem–marshland, pond, forest, or field–receives pesticides of varied amounts and kinds at irregular and unknown intervals. Phytoplankton communities are an important food base in aquatic environments whose productivity can be affected by rather small exposure to pesticides. Degradation and loss of chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides from the ecosystem has been shown to proceed slowly. Pesticide-tolerant or resistant populations of fish and possibly other cold-blooded vertebrates have been shown to exist in areas of the south long subjected to pesticide treatments.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pesticides and their effects on soils and water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America, Inc","publisherLocation":"Madison, Wisconsin","doi":"10.2134/asaspecpub8.c11","usgsCitation":"Dustman, E.H., and Stickel, L.F., 1966, Pesticide residues in the ecosystem, chap. of Pesticides and their effects on soils and water, p. 109-121, https://doi.org/10.2134/asaspecpub8.c11.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"109","endPage":"121","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200435,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688356","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Breth, S.","contributorId":113091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breth","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506098,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Dustman, E. H.","contributorId":12579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dustman","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stickel, Lucille F.","contributorId":76598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stickel","given":"Lucille","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70197744,"text":"70197744 - 1966 - Geology of the Klamath Mountains province","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-19T13:58:38","indexId":"70197744","displayToPublicDate":"1966-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5710,"text":"California Division of Mines and Geology Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"190","title":"Geology of the Klamath Mountains province","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"California Division of Mines and Geology","usgsCitation":"Bailey, E.H., 1966, Geology of the Klamath Mountains province: California Division of Mines and Geology Bulletin 190, 20 p.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"38","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":355169,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bailey, E. H.","contributorId":44509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":738363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70197752,"text":"70197752 - 1966 - Geologic evaluation of aerial radar photographs of southwestern Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-19T15:54:45","indexId":"70197752","displayToPublicDate":"1966-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":32,"text":"General Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"NASA-23","title":"Geologic evaluation of aerial radar photographs of southwestern Oregon","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","collaboration":"NASA","usgsCitation":"Irwin, W., 1966, Geologic evaluation of aerial radar photographs of southwestern Oregon: General Technical Report NASA-23, 3 p.","productDescription":"3 p.","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":355173,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":355172,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19700029576"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Irwin, William P.","contributorId":12889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"William P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":738385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70197570,"text":"70197570 - 1966 - San Andreas Fault from San Francisco to Hollister","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-12T11:25:14","indexId":"70197570","displayToPublicDate":"1966-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5710,"text":"California Division of Mines and Geology Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"190","title":"San Andreas Fault from San Francisco to Hollister","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology of northern California","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"California Division of Mines and Geology","usgsCitation":"Brabb, E.E., Maddock, M., and Wallace, R.E., 1966, San Andreas Fault from San Francisco to Hollister: California Division of Mines and Geology Bulletin 190, 12 p.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"453","endPage":"464","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354938,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brabb, E. E.","contributorId":43780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabb","given":"E.","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maddock, M.","contributorId":21488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maddock","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wallace, R. E.","contributorId":6823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70207811,"text":"70207811 - 1966 - Sediment transport in a Precambrian ice age: The Huronian Gowganda Formation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-06T15:32:37.653612","indexId":"70207811","displayToPublicDate":"1966-12-16T13:38:14","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sediment transport in a Precambrian ice age: The Huronian Gowganda Formation","docAbstract":"The Gowganda Formation of Ontario consists of conglomerates, quartzites, and argillites deposited in a glacial environment. The distribution of varved argillites and silty limestones suggests continental and marine facies, respectively. Pebble and ripple-drift orientations, distribution of limestones, striated pavements, distribution of the underlying Bruce Group, and Huronian quartzite paleocurrents support the conclusion that sediment transport was from north to south.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.154.3755.1442","usgsCitation":"Lindsey, D.A., 1966, Sediment transport in a Precambrian ice age: The Huronian Gowganda Formation: Science, v. 154, no. 3755, p. 1442-1443, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.154.3755.1442.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1442","endPage":"1443","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371224,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","state":"Ontario","otherGeospatial":"Gowganda Formation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.4189453125,\n 45.30580259943578\n ],\n [\n -80.7275390625,\n 45.30580259943578\n ],\n [\n -80.7275390625,\n 47.07012182383309\n ],\n [\n -84.4189453125,\n 47.07012182383309\n ],\n [\n -84.4189453125,\n 45.30580259943578\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"154","issue":"3755","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindsey, David A. 0000-0002-9466-0899 dlindsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9466-0899","contributorId":773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsey","given":"David","email":"dlindsey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70010756,"text":"70010756 - 1966 - Copper artifacts from prehistoric archeological sites in the Dakotas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-09T22:28:14.236675","indexId":"70010756","displayToPublicDate":"1966-12-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Copper artifacts from prehistoric archeological sites in the Dakotas","docAbstract":"Thirteen archeological specimens were analyzed spectrographically, and within defined limits they were determined to be native copper. Twelve of the specimens show close elemental homogeneity and are believed to be of Lake Superior ore; the origin of the other specimen is devious.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.154.3753.1171","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Hill, W., and Neuman, R., 1966, Copper artifacts from prehistoric archeological sites in the Dakotas: Science, v. 154, no. 3753, p. 1171-1173, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.154.3753.1171.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"1171","endPage":"1173","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219707,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota, South Dakota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.14725194331471,\n 49.02685634355555\n ],\n [\n -104.14725194331471,\n 42.94414535767345\n ],\n [\n -96.06319585083641,\n 42.94414535767345\n ],\n [\n -96.06319585083641,\n 49.02685634355555\n ],\n [\n -104.14725194331471,\n 49.02685634355555\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"154","issue":"3753","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fbf8e4b0c8380cd4e066","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, W.E. Jr.","contributorId":49921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"W.E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neuman, R.W.","contributorId":91986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neuman","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70221256,"text":"70221256 - 1966 - Development of permeability and storage in the tertiary limestones of the southeastern states, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-09T14:23:08.197702","indexId":"70221256","displayToPublicDate":"1966-12-01T12:33:20","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5334,"text":"International Association of Scientific Hydrology - Bulletin ","onlineIssn":"2150-3435","printIssn":"0262-6667","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of permeability and storage in the tertiary limestones of the southeastern states, USA","docAbstract":"Permeability and storage characteristics in the Tertiary limestone system of southern United States have developed progressively but non-uniformly as circulation of water and solution in the limestone have changed during the geologic and hydrologic history.
The limestone formations, predominantly of Eocene age and subordinated of Oligocene and Miocene age, are widespread at and beneath the surface. They commonly dip gently seaward and are covered in coastal areas by Miocene to Recent clays and sands. Sinkholes and other karst features are common, but topographic relief is generally not great.
Circulation of water under water-table conditions when the limestone was exposed to meteoric weathering, before middle Miocene time, resulted in development of secondary permeability as solution channels in near-surface parts of the limestone, Marine deposition of middle and late Miocene clays and later emergence converted part of the water-table circulation system to the present great artesian system. Later, Pleistocene changes in sea level caused changed in places where water discharged, which in turn caused changes in rates of circulation and changes in rates and positions of solution of limestone. Both present and past circulation of water have contributed to changes in permeability and storage of this limestone system.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02626666609493494","usgsCitation":"LeGrand, H.E., and Stringfield, V.T., 1966, Development of permeability and storage in the tertiary limestones of the southeastern states, USA: International Association of Scientific Hydrology - Bulletin , v. 11, no. 4, p. 61-73, https://doi.org/10.1080/02626666609493494.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"73","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480349,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02626666609493494","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":386302,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Southeastern United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.1748046875,\n 25.085598897064752\n ],\n [\n -73.2568359375,\n 25.085598897064752\n ],\n [\n -73.2568359375,\n 36.42128244364947\n ],\n [\n -83.75976562499999,\n 36.421282443649496\n ],\n [\n -94.1748046875,\n 36.42128244364947\n ],\n [\n -94.1748046875,\n 25.085598897064752\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LeGrand, H. E.","contributorId":54571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeGrand","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stringfield, V. T.","contributorId":72369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stringfield","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70221253,"text":"70221253 - 1966 - Circular patterns and exfoliation in crystalline terrane, Grandfather Mountain area, North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-08T17:24:52.038714","indexId":"70221253","displayToPublicDate":"1966-12-01T12:13:45","publicationYear":"1966","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Circular patterns and exfoliation in crystalline terrane, Grandfather Mountain area, North Carolina","docAbstract":"Aerial photographs of areas of crystalline rock in the Piedmont and Blue Ridge of western North Carolina reveal numerous large-scale arcuate, circular, and elliptical patterns with diameters from 1000 to more than 4000 feet. They are commonly defined by curving streams, curving ridges, and curving belts of contrasting vegetation. Geologic mapping shows that the circular patterns are not related to primary geologic structures; circumstantial evidence indicates that they are related to exfoliation or sheeting. Rock spalls up to half a mile in diameter may be formed by dilation of the rock as the erosion surface is lowered. The spalls enable tectonic joints to open, forming thin layers of rock of differing permeability and susceptibility to erosion. Exfoliation is probably involved in the erosive process and is probably more important than has been realized, especially in crystalline terrane.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1966)77[975:CPAEIC]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hack, J., 1966, Circular patterns and exfoliation in crystalline terrane, Grandfather Mountain area, North Carolina: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 77, no. 9, p. 975-986, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1966)77[975:CPAEIC]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"975","endPage":"986","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386300,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Grandfather Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.44140625,\n 35.33529320309328\n ],\n [\n -81.0186767578125,\n 35.33529320309328\n ],\n [\n -81.0186767578125,\n 35.84008157153468\n ],\n [\n -82.44140625,\n 35.84008157153468\n ],\n [\n -82.44140625,\n 35.33529320309328\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"77","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hack, John T.","contributorId":45168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hack","given":"John T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}