Characterization of urban land uses is essential for many applications. However, differentiating among thematically-detailed urban land uses (residential, commercial, industrial, institutional, recreational, etc.) over broad areas is challenging, in part because image-based solutions are not ideal for establishing the contextual basis for identifying economic function and use. At present no current United States national-scale mapping exists for urban land uses similar to the classical Anderson Level II classification. This paper describes a product that maps urban land uses, and is linked to and corresponds with the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) 2006. In this product, NLCD urban pixels, in addition to their current imperviousness intensity classification, are assigned one of nine urban use classes based on information drawn from multiple data sources. These sources include detailed infrastructure information, population characteristics, and historical land use. The result is a method for creating a 30 m national-scale grid providing thematically-detailed urban land use information which complements the NLCD. Initial results for 10 major metropolitan areas are provided as an on-line link. Accuracy assessment of initial products yielded an overall accuracy of 81.6 percent.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","doi":"10.14358/PERS.78.10.1057","usgsCitation":"Falcone, J.A., and Homer, C.G., 2012, Generation of a U.S. national urban land use product: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 78, no. 10, p. 1057-1068, https://doi.org/10.14358/PERS.78.10.1057.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1057","endPage":"1068","ipdsId":"IP-034599","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474294,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14358/pers.78.10.1057","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":341854,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"592e84c9e4b092b266f10dd3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Falcone, James A. 0000-0001-7202-3592 jfalcone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7202-3592","contributorId":173496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falcone","given":"James","email":"jfalcone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":696388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Homer, Collin G. 0000-0003-4755-8135 homer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4755-8135","contributorId":2262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Homer","given":"Collin","email":"homer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70040454,"text":"70040454 - 2012 - Reoccupation of floodplains by rivers and its relation to the age structure of floodplain vegetation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-23T17:16:13","indexId":"70040454","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reoccupation of floodplains by rivers and its relation to the age structure of floodplain vegetation","docAbstract":"River channel dynamics over many decades provide a physical control on the age structure of floodplain vegetation as a river occupies and abandons locations. Floodplain reoccupation by a river, in particular, determines the interval of time during which vegetation can establish and mature. A general framework for analyzing floodplain reoccupation and a time series model are developed and applied to five alluvial rivers in the United States. Channel dynamics in these rivers demonstrate time-scale dependence with short-term oscillation in active channel area in response to floods and subsequent vegetation growth and progressive lateral movement that accounts for much of the cumulative area occupied by the rivers over decades. Rivers preferentially reoccupy locations recently abandoned causing a decreasing probability of reoccupation with time since abandonment. For a typical case, a river is 10 times more likely to reoccupy an area it abandoned in the past decade than it is to reoccupy an area it abandoned 30 yrs ago. The decreasing probability of reoccupation over time is consistent with observations of persistent stands of late seral stage floodplain forest. A power function provides a robust approach for estimating the cumulative area occupied by a river and the age structure of riparian forests resulting from a specific historical sequence of streamflow in comparison to either linear or exponential alternatives.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2011JG001906","usgsCitation":"Konrad, C.P., 2012, Reoccupation of floodplains by rivers and its relation to the age structure of floodplain vegetation: Journal of Geophysical Research, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JG001906.","productDescription":"15 p.","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474301,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jg001906","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":262759,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262757,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011JG001906"}],"country":"United States","edition":"117","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-10-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50884508e4b0a0cec3e5b5c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konrad, Christopher P. 0000-0002-7354-547X cpkonrad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7354-547X","contributorId":1716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konrad","given":"Christopher","email":"cpkonrad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70040448,"text":"sir20125081 - 2012 - South Fork Shenandoah River habitat-flow modeling to determine ecological and recreational characteristics during low-flow periods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-22T17:16:26","indexId":"sir20125081","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5081","title":"South Fork Shenandoah River habitat-flow modeling to determine ecological and recreational characteristics during low-flow periods","docAbstract":"The ecological habitat requirements of aquatic organisms and recreational streamflow requirements of the South Fork Shenandoah River were investigated by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Central Shenandoah Valley Planning District Commission, the Northern Shenandoah Valley Regional Commission, and Virginia Commonwealth University. Physical habitat simulation modeling was conducted to examine flow as a major determinant of physical habitat availability and recreation suitability using field-collected hydraulic habitat variables such as water depth, water velocity, and substrate characteristics. Fish habitat-suitability criteria specific to the South Fork Shenandoah River were developed for sub-adult and adult smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu), juvenile and sub-adult redbreast sunfish (Lepomis auritus), spotfin or satinfin shiner (Cyprinella spp), margined madtom (Noturus insignis),and river chub (Nocomis micropogon). Historic streamflow statistics for the summer low-flow period during July, August, and September were used as benchmark low-flow conditions and compared to habitat simulation results and water-withdrawal scenarios based on 2005 withdrawal data. \r\nTo examine habitat and recreation characteristics during droughts, daily fish habitat or recreation suitability values were simulated for 2002 and other selected drought years. Recreation suitability during droughts was extremely low, because the modeling demonstrated that suitable conditions occur when the streamflows are greater than the 50th percentile flow for July, August, and September. Habitat availability for fish is generally at a maximum when streamflows are between the 75th and 25th percentile flows for July, August, and September. Time-series results for drought years, such as 2002, showed that extreme low-flow conditions less than the 5th percentile of flow for July, August, and September corresponded to below-normal habitat availability for both game and nongame fish in the upper section of the river. For the middle section near Luray, margined madtom and river chub habitat area were below normal, whereas adult and sub-adult smallmouth bass habitat area remained near the median expected available habitat. In the lower section near Front Royal, time-series results for adult smallmouth bass, sub-adult smallmouth bass, and margined madtom habitat were below normal when streamflows were below the 10th percentile flow for July, August, and September. All other species of fish had habitat availability within the normal range for July, August, and September. \r\nWater-conservation scenarios representing a 50 percent water-withdrawal reduction resulted in game fish habitat availability within the normal range for habitat in upper and middle river sections, instead of below normal conditions which were observed during the 2002 drought. The 50 percent water-withdrawal reduction had no measurable effect on recreation. For nongame fish such as river chub, a 20 percent withdrawal reduction resulted in habitat availability within the normal range for habitat in the upper and middle river sections. Increased water-use scenarios representing a 5 percent increase in water withdrawals resulted in a slight reduction in habitat availability; however, increased withdrawals of 20 and 50 percent resulted in habitat availability substantially less than the 25th habitat percentile, or below normal. Habitat reductions were more pronounced when flows were lower than the 10th percentile flow for July, August, and September. \r\nThe results show that for normal or wet years, increased water withdrawals are not likely to correspond with extensive habitat loss for game fish or nongame fish. During drought years, however, a 20 to 50 percent increase in water withdrawals may result in below normal habitat availability for game fish throughout the river and nongame fish in the upper and middle sections of the river. These simulations of rare historic drought conditions, such as those observed in 2002, serve as a baseline for development of ecological flow thresholds for drought planning.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125081","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Northern Shenandoah Valley Regional Commission, Central Shenandoah Valley Planning District Commission, and Virginia Commonwealth University","usgsCitation":"Krstolic, J.L., and Ramey, R.C., 2012, South Fork Shenandoah River habitat-flow modeling to determine ecological and recreational characteristics during low-flow periods: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5081, x, 63 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125081.","productDescription":"x, 63 p.","numberOfPages":"78","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262752,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5081.gif"},{"id":262743,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5081/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262744,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5081/pdf/sir2012-5081.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia;West Virginia","county":"Augusta","city":"Lynwood;Front Royal;Luray","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -79.4652,37.8018 ], [ -79.4652,39.5081 ], [ -77.7355,39.5081 ], [ -77.7355,37.8018 ], [ -79.4652,37.8018 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50866d1be4b0a1435286d65a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krstolic, Jennifer L. 0000-0003-2253-9886 jkrstoli@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2253-9886","contributorId":3677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krstolic","given":"Jennifer","email":"jkrstoli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37759,"text":"VA/WV Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ramey, R. Clay","contributorId":98161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramey","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Clay","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70173604,"text":"70173604 - 2012 - Summer temperature metrics for predicting brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) distribution in streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-09T15:03:20","indexId":"70173604","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Summer temperature metrics for predicting brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) distribution in streams","docAbstract":"We developed a methodology to predict brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) distribution using summer temperature metrics as predictor variables. Our analysis used long-term fish and hourly water temperature data from the Dog River, Vermont (USA). Commonly used metrics (e.g., mean, maximum, maximum 7-day maximum) tend to smooth the data so information on temperature variation is lost. Therefore, we developed a new set of metrics (called event metrics) to capture temperature variation by describing the frequency, area, duration, and magnitude of events that exceeded a user-defined temperature threshold. We used 16, 18, 20, and 22°C. We built linear discriminant models and tested and compared the event metrics against the commonly used metrics. Correct classification of the observations was 66% with event metrics and 87% with commonly used metrics. However, combined event and commonly used metrics correctly classified 92%. Of the four individual temperature thresholds, it was difficult to assess which threshold had the “best” accuracy. The 16°C threshold had slightly fewer misclassifications; however, the 20°C threshold had the fewest extreme misclassifications. Our method leveraged the volumes of existing long-term data and provided a simple, systematic, and adaptable framework for monitoring changes in fish distribution, specifically in the case of irregular, extreme temperature events.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10750-012-1336-1","usgsCitation":"Parrish, D.L., Butryn, R.S., and Rizzo, D.M., 2012, Summer temperature metrics for predicting brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) distribution in streams: Hydrobiologia, v. 703, no. 1, p. 47-57, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-012-1336-1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"47","endPage":"57","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-024699","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323409,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"703","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-10-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575a9337e4b04f417c27518a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parrish, Donna L. 0000-0001-9693-6329 dparrish@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9693-6329","contributorId":138661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrish","given":"Donna","email":"dparrish@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Butryn, Ryan S.","contributorId":87042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butryn","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rizzo, Donna M.","contributorId":171679,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rizzo","given":"Donna","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70040406,"text":"sir20125115 - 2012 - Mercury in waters, soils, and sediments of the New Jersey Coastal Plain: A comparison of regional distribution and mobility with the mercury contamination at the William J. Hughes Technical Center, Atlantic County, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-18T17:16:15","indexId":"sir20125115","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5115","title":"Mercury in waters, soils, and sediments of the New Jersey Coastal Plain: A comparison of regional distribution and mobility with the mercury contamination at the William J. Hughes Technical Center, Atlantic County, New Jersey","docAbstract":"Mercury in soils, surface water, and groundwater at the William J. Hughes Technical Center , Atlantic County, New Jersey, has been found at levels that exceed established background concentrations in Coastal Plain waters, and, in some cases, New Jersey State standards for mercury in various media. As of 2012, it is not known whether this mercury is part of regional mercury contamination or whether it is related to former military activities. Regionally, groundwater supplying about 700 domestic wells in the New Jersey Coastal Plain is contaminated with mercury that appears to be derived from anthropogenic inputs, such as agricultural pesticide use and atmospheric deposition. High levels of mercury occasionally are found in Coastal Plain soils, but disturbance during residential development on former agricultural land is thought to have mobilized any mercury applied during farming, a hypothesis borne out by experiments leaching mercury from soils. In the unsewered residential areas with mercury-contaminated groundwater, septic-system effluent is believed to create reducing conditions in which mercury sorbed to subsoils is mobilized to groundwater. In comparing the levels of mercury found in soils, sediments, streamwater, and groundwater at the William J. Hughes Technical Center site with those found regionally, mercury concentrations in groundwater in the region are, in some cases, substantially higher than those found in groundwater at the William J. Hughes Technical Center site. Nevertheless, concentrations of mercury in streamwater at the site are, in some instances, higher than most found regionally. The mercury contents in soils and sediment at the William J. Hughes Technical Center site are substantially higher than those found to date (2012) in the region, indicating that a source other than regional sources may be present at the site.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125115","collaboration":"Prepared in Cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Barringer, J., Szabo, Z., and Reilly, P.A., 2012, Mercury in waters, soils, and sediments of the New Jersey Coastal Plain: A comparison of regional distribution and mobility with the mercury contamination at the William J. Hughes Technical Center, Atlantic County, New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5115, vii, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125115.","productDescription":"vii, 34 p.","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262714,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5115.bmp"},{"id":262712,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5115/pdf/sir2012-5115.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":262711,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5115/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 18","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.559800,38.928600 ], [ -75.559800,41.357400 ], [ -73.902500,41.357400 ], [ -73.902500,38.928600 ], [ -75.559800,38.928600 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"508117cbe4b00e5d41d20a80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barringer, Julia L.","contributorId":59419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barringer","given":"Julia L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Szabo, Zoltan 0000-0002-0760-9607 zszabo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0760-9607","contributorId":2240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"Zoltan","email":"zszabo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":468284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reilly, Pamela A. 0000-0002-2937-4490 jankowsk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2937-4490","contributorId":653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reilly","given":"Pamela","email":"jankowsk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70040405,"text":"ofr20121187 - 2012 - Preliminary assessment of channel stability and bed-material transport in the Tillamook Bay tributaries and Nehalem River basin, northwestern Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-25T10:08:31","indexId":"ofr20121187","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1187","title":"Preliminary assessment of channel stability and bed-material transport in the Tillamook Bay tributaries and Nehalem River basin, northwestern Oregon","docAbstract":"This report summarizes a preliminary study of bed-material transport, vertical and lateral channel changes, and existing datasets for the Tillamook (drainage area 156 square kilometers [km2]), Trask (451 km2), Wilson (500 km2), Kilchis (169 km2), Miami (94 km2), and Nehalem (2,207 km2) Rivers along the northwestern Oregon coast. This study, conducted in coopera-tion with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and Oregon Department of State Lands to inform permitting decisions regarding instream gravel mining, revealed that:
Study areas along the six rivers can be divided into reaches based on tidal influence and topography. The fluvial (nontidal or dominated by riverine processes) reaches vary in length (2.4-9.3 kilometer [km]), gradient (0.0011-0.0075 meter of elevation change per meter of channel length [m/m]), and bed-material composition (a mixture of alluvium and intermittent bedrock outcrops to predominately alluvium). In fluvial reaches, unit bar area (square meter of bar area per meter of channel length [m2/m]) as mapped from 2009 photographs ranged from 7.1 m2/m on the Tillamook River to 27.9 m2/m on the Miami River.
In tidal reaches, all six rivers flow over alluvial deposits, but have varying gradients (0.0001-0.0013 m/m) and lengths affected by tide (1.3-24.6 km). The Miami River has the steepest and shortest tidal reach and the Nehalem River has the flattest and longest tidal reach. Bars in the tidal reaches are generally composed of sand and mud. Unit bar area was greatest in the Tidal Nehalem Reach, where extensive mud flats flank the lower channel.
Background factors such as valley and channel confinement, basin geology, channel slope, and tidal extent control the spatial variation in the accumulation and texture of bed material. Presently, the Upper Fluvial Wilson and Miami Reaches and Fluvial Nehalem Reach have the greatest abundance of gravel bars, likely owing to local bed-material sources in combination with decreasing channel gradient and valley confinement.
Natural and human-caused disturbances such as mass movements, logging, fire, channel modifications for navigation and flood control, and gravel mining also have varying effects on channel condition, bed-material transport, and distribution and area of bars throughout the study areas and over time.
Existing datasets include at least 16 and 18 sets of aerial and orthophotographs that were taken of the study areas in the Tillamook Bay tributary basins and Nehalem River basin, respectively, from 1939 to 2011. These photographs are available for future assessments of long-term changes in channel condition, bar area, and vegetation establishment patterns. High resolution Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) surveys acquired in 2007-2009 could support future quantitative analyses of channel morphology and bed-material transport in all study areas.
A review of deposited and mined gravel volumes reported for instream gravel mining sites shows that bed-material deposition tends to rebuild mined bar surfaces in most years. Mean annual deposition volumes on individual bars exceeded 3,000 cubic meters (m3) on Donaldson Bar on the Wilson River, Dill Bar on the Kilchis River, and Plant and Winslow Bars on the Nehalem River. Cumulative reported volumes of bed-material deposition were greatest at Donaldson and Dill Bars, totaling over 25,000 m3 per site from 2004 to 2011. Within this period, reported cumulative mined volumes were greatest for the Donaldson, Plant, and Winslow Bars, ranging from 24,470 to 33,940 m3.
Analysis of historical stage-streamflow data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey on the Wilson River near Tillamook (14301500) and Nehalem River near Foss (14301000) shows that these rivers have episodically aggraded and incised, mostly following high flow events, but they do not exhibit systematic, long-term trends in bed elevation.
Multiple cross sections show that channels near bridge crossings in all six study areas are dynamic with many subject to incision and aggradation as well as lateral shifts in thalweg position and bank deposition and erosion.
In fluvial reaches, unit bar area declined a net 5.3-83.6 percent from 1939 to 2009. The documented reduction in bar area may be attributable to several factors, including vegetation establishment and stabilization of formerly active bar surfaces, lateral channel changes and resulting alterations in sediment deposition and erosion patterns, and streamflow and/or tide differences between photographs. Other factors that may be associated with the observed reduction in bar area but not assessed in this reconnaissance level study include changes in the sediment and hydrology regimes of these rivers over the analysis period.
In tidal reaches, unit bar area increased on the Tillamook and Nehalem Rivers (98.0 and 14.7 percent, respectively), but declined a net 24.2 to 83.1 percent in the other four tidal reaches. Net increases in bar area in the Tidal Tillamook and Nehalem Reaches were possibly attributable to tidal differences between the photographs as well as sediment deposition behind log booms and pile structures on the Tillamook River between 1939 and 1967.
The armoring ratio (ratio of the median grain sizes of a bar's surface and subsurface layers) was 1.6 at Lower Waldron Bar on the Miami River, tentatively indicating a relative balance between transport capacity and sediment supply at this location. Armoring ratios, however, ranged from 2.4 to 5.5 at sites on the Trask, Wilson, Kilchis, and Nehalem Rivers; these coarse armor layers probably reflect limited bed-material supply at these sites.
On the basis of mapping results, measured armoring ratios, and channel cross section surveys, preliminary conclusions are that the fluvial reaches on the Tillamook, Trask, Kilchis, and Nehalem Rivers are currently sediment supply-limited in terms of bed material - that is, the transport capacity of the channel generally exceeds the supply of bed material. The relation between transport capacity and sediment is more ambiguous for the fluvial reaches on the Wilson and Miami Rivers, but transport-limited conditions are likely for at least parts of these reaches. Some of these reaches have possibly evolved from sediment supply-limited to transport-limited over the last several decades in response to changing basin and climate conditions.
Because of exceedingly low gradients, all the tidal reaches are transport-limited. Bed material in these reaches, however, is primarily sand and finer grain-size material and probably transported as suspended load from upstream reaches. These reaches will be most susceptible to watershed conditions affecting the supply and transport of fine sediment.
Compared to basins on the southwestern Oregon coast, such as the Chetco and Rogue River basins, these six basins likely transport overall less gravel bed material. Although tentative in the absence of actual transport measurements, this conclusion is supported by the much lower area and frequency of bars and longer tidal reaches along all the northcoast rivers examined in this study.
Previous studies suggest that the expansive and largely unvegetated bars visible in the 1939 photographs are primarily associated with voluminous sedimentation starting soon after the first Tillamook Burn fire in 1933. However, USGS studies of temporal bar trends in other Oregon coastal rivers unaffected by the Tillamook Burn show similar declines in bar area over approximately the same analysis period. In the Umpqua and Chetco River basins, historical declines in bar area are associated with long-term decreases in flood magnitude. Other factors may include changes in the type and volume of large wood and riparian vegetation. Further characterization of hydrology patterns in these basins and possible linkages with climate factors related to flood peaks, such as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, could support inferences of expected future changes in vegetation establishment and channel planform and profile.
More detailed investigations of bed-material transport rates and channel morphology would support assessments of lateral and vertical channel condition and longitudinal trends in bed material. Such assessments would be most practical for the fluvial study areas on the Wilson, Kilchis, Miami, and Nehalem Rivers and relevant to several ongoing management and ecological issues pertaining to sand and gravel transport. Tidal reaches may also be logical subjects for indepth analysis where studies would be more relevant to the deposition and transport of fine sediment (and associated channel and riparian conditions and processes) rather than coarse bed material.
We report on the occurrence of South American suckermouth armored catfishes (Loricariidae) in the Suwannee River basin, southeastern USA. Over the past few years (2009-2012), loricariid catfishes have been observed at various sites in the Santa Fe River drainage, a major tributary of the Suwannee in the state of Florida. Similar to other introduced populations of Pterygoplichthys, there is high likelihood of hybridization. To date, we have captured nine specimens (270-585 mm, standard length) in the Santa Fe River drainage. One specimen taken from Poe Spring best agrees with Pterygoplichthys gibbiceps (Kner, 1854) or may be a hybrid with either P. pardalis or P. disjunctivus. The other specimens were taken from several sites in the drainage and include seven that best agree with Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus (Weber, 1991); and one a possible P. disjunctivus × P. pardalis hybrid. We observed additional individuals, either these or similar appearing loricariids, in Hornsby and Poe springs and at various sites upstream and downstream of the long (> 4 km) subterranean portion of the Santa Fe River. These specimens represent the first confirmed records of Pterygoplichthys in the Suwannee River basin. The P. gibbiceps specimen represents the first documented record of an adult or near adult of this species in open waters of North America. Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus or its hybrids (perhaps hybrid swarms) are already abundant and widespread in other parts of peninsular Florida, but the Santa Fe River represents a northern extension of the catfish in the state. Pterygoplichthys are still relatively uncommon in the Santa Fe drainage and successful reproduction not yet documented. However, in May 2012 we captured five adult catfish (two mature or maturing males and three gravid females) from a single riverine swallet pool. One male was stationed at a nest burrow (no eggs present). To survive the occasional harsh Florida winters, these South American catfish apparently use artesian springs as thermal refugia. In the Santa Fe River, eradication might be possible during cold periods when catfish congregate in spring habitats. However, should Pterygoplichthys increase in number and disperse more widely, the opportunity to eliminate them from the drainage will pass.
","language":"English","publisher":"Reabic","doi":"10.3391/bir.2012.1.3.04","usgsCitation":"Nico, L.G., Butt, P.L., Johnston, G.R., Jelks, H.L., Kail, M., and Walsh, S.J., 2012, Discovery of South American suckermouth armored catfishes (Loricariidae, Pterygoplichthys spp.) in the Santa Fe River drainage, Suwannee River basin, USA: BioInvasions Records, v. 1, no. 3, p. 179-200, https://doi.org/10.3391/bir.2012.1.3.04.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"179","endPage":"200","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474310,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3391/bir.2012.1.3.04","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":381729,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida, Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Suwannee River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.6226806640625,\n 29.99300228455108\n ],\n [\n -82.02941894531249,\n 29.99300228455108\n ],\n [\n -82.02941894531249,\n 31.330178972184655\n ],\n [\n -82.6226806640625,\n 31.330178972184655\n ],\n [\n -82.6226806640625,\n 29.99300228455108\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"1","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"507edff5e4b022001d87bb61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nico, Leo G. 0000-0002-4488-7737 lnico@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4488-7737","contributorId":2913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nico","given":"Leo","email":"lnico@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":468165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Butt, Peter L.","contributorId":88201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butt","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnston, Gerald R.","contributorId":79747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jelks, Howard L. 0000-0002-0672-6297 hjelks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0672-6297","contributorId":2962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jelks","given":"Howard","email":"hjelks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":468166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kail, Matthew","contributorId":40841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kail","given":"Matthew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Walsh, Stephen J. 0000-0002-1009-8537 swalsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1009-8537","contributorId":1456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"Stephen","email":"swalsh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70040389,"text":"70040389 - 2012 - Health assessment and seroepidemiologic survey of potential pathogens in wild Antillean manatees (Trichechus manatus manatus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-17T11:19:42","indexId":"70040389","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Health assessment and seroepidemiologic survey of potential pathogens in wild Antillean manatees (Trichechus manatus manatus)","docAbstract":"The Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus), a subspecies of the West Indian manatee, inhabits fresh, brackish, and warm coastal waters distributed along the eastern border of Central America, the northern coast of South America, and throughout the Wider Caribbean Region. Threatened primarily by human encroachment, poaching, and habitat degradation, Antillean manatees are listed as endangered by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature. The impact of disease on population viability remains unknown in spite of concerns surrounding the species' ability to rebound from a population crash should an epizootic occur. To gain insight on the baseline health of this subspecies, a total of 191 blood samples were collected opportunistically from wild Antillean manatees in Belize between 1997 and 2009. Hematologic and biochemical reference intervals were established, and antibody prevalence to eight pathogens with zoonotic potential was determined. Age was found to be a significant factor of variation in mean blood values, whereas sex, capture site, and season contributed less to overall differences in parameter values. Negative antibody titers were reported for all pathogens surveyed except for Leptospira bratislava, L. canicola, and L. icterohemorrhagiae, Toxoplasma gondii, and morbillivirus. As part of comprehensive health assessment in manatees from Belize, this study will serve as a benchmark aiding in early disease detection and in the discernment of important epidemiologic patterns in the manatees of this region. Additionally, it will provide some of the initial tools to explore the broader application of manatees as sentinel species of nearshore ecosystem health.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0044517","usgsCitation":"Sulzner, K., Johnson, C.K., Bonde, R.K., Gomez, N.A., Powell, J., Nielsen, K., Luttrell, M.P., Osterhaus, A., and Aguirre, A.A., 2012, Health assessment and seroepidemiologic survey of potential pathogens in wild Antillean manatees (Trichechus manatus manatus): PLoS ONE, v. 7, no. 9, 11 p.; e44517, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0044517.","productDescription":"11 p.; e44517","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474314,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0044517","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":262670,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262653,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0044517"}],"volume":"7","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"507ee029e4b022001d87bb79","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sulzner, Kathryn","contributorId":107975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sulzner","given":"Kathryn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Christine Kreuder","contributorId":100679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"Kreuder","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bonde, Robert K. 0000-0001-9179-4376 rbonde@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9179-4376","contributorId":2675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonde","given":"Robert","email":"rbonde@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gomez, Nicole Auil","contributorId":40465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomez","given":"Nicole","email":"","middleInitial":"Auil","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Powell, James","contributorId":105581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nielsen, Klaus","contributorId":12315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"Klaus","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Luttrell, M. Page","contributorId":23378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luttrell","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Page","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Osterhaus, A.D.M.E.","contributorId":6707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osterhaus","given":"A.D.M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Aguirre, A. Alonso","contributorId":76591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aguirre","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Alonso","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70040343,"text":"70040343 - 2012 - Revealing the appetite of the marine aquarium fish trade: the volume and biodiversity of fish imported into the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-17T17:16:17","indexId":"70040343","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Revealing the appetite of the marine aquarium fish trade: the volume and biodiversity of fish imported into the United States","docAbstract":"The aquarium trade and other wildlife consumers are at a crossroads forced by threats from global climate change and other anthropogenic stressors that have weakened coastal ecosystems. While the wildlife trade may put additional stress on coral reefs, it brings income into impoverished parts of the world and may stimulate interest in marine conservation. To better understand the influence of the trade, we must first be able to quantify coral reef fauna moving through it. Herein, we discuss the lack of a data system for monitoring the wildlife aquarium trade and analyze problems that arise when trying to monitor the trade using a system not specifically designed for this purpose. To do this, we examined an entire year of import records of marine tropical fish entering the United States in detail, and discuss the relationship between trade volume, biodiversity and introduction of non-native marine fishes. Our analyses showed that biodiversity levels are higher than previous estimates. Additionally, more than half of government importation forms have numerical or other reporting discrepancies resulting in the overestimation of trade volumes by 27%. While some commonly imported species have been introduced into the coastal waters of the USA (as expected), we also found that some uncommon species in the trade have also been introduced. This is the first study of aquarium trade imports to compare commercial invoices to government forms and provides a means to, routinely and in real time, examine the biodiversity of the trade in coral reef wildlife species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0035808","usgsCitation":"Rhyne, A.L., Tlusty, M.F., Schofield, P., Kaufman, L., Morris, J., and Bruckner, A.W., 2012, Revealing the appetite of the marine aquarium fish trade: the volume and biodiversity of fish imported into the United States: PLoS ONE, v. 7, no. 5, 9 p.; e35808, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0035808.","productDescription":"9 p.; e35808","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474311,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0035808","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":262674,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262659,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0035808"}],"volume":"7","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-05-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"507ee079e4b022001d87bb9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rhyne, Andrew L.","contributorId":94910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rhyne","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tlusty, Michael F.","contributorId":95745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tlusty","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schofield, Pamela J. 0000-0002-8752-2797","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8752-2797","contributorId":30306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schofield","given":"Pamela J.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kaufman, Les","contributorId":50031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaufman","given":"Les","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Morris, James A. Jr.","contributorId":51898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"James A.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bruckner, Andrew W.","contributorId":92912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bruckner","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70040332,"text":"70040332 - 2012 - Bleaching, disease and recovery in the threatened scleractinian coral Acropora palmata in St. John, US Virgin Islands: 2003-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-17T17:16:17","indexId":"70040332","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1338,"text":"Coral Reefs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bleaching, disease and recovery in the threatened scleractinian coral Acropora palmata in St. John, US Virgin Islands: 2003-2010","docAbstract":"A long-term study of the scleractinian coral Acropora palmata in the US Virgin Islands (USVI) showed that diseases, particularly white pox, are limiting the recovery of this threatened species. Colonies of A. palmata in Haulover Bay, within Virgin Islands National Park, St. John, were examined monthly in situ for signs of disease and other stressors from January 2003 through December 2009. During the study, 89.9 % of the colonies (n = 69) exhibited disease, including white pox (87 %), white band (13 %), and unknown (9 %). Monthly disease prevalence ranged from 0 to 57 %, and disease was the most significant cause of complete colony mortality (n = 17). A positive correlation was found between water temperature and disease prevalence, but not incidence. Annual average disease prevalence and incidence remained constant during the study. Colonies generally showed an increase in the estimated amount of total living tissue from growth, but 25 (36.2 %) of the colonies died. Acropora palmata bleached in the USVI for the first time during the 2005 Caribbean bleaching event. Only one of the 23 colonies that bleached appeared to die directly from bleaching. In 2005, corals that bleached had greater disease prevalence than those that did not bleach. Just over half (52 %) of the colonies incurred some physical damage. Monitoring of fragments (broken branches) that were generated by physical damage through June 2007 showed that 46.1 % died and 28.4 % remained alive; the fragments that attached to the substrate survived longer than those that did not. Recent surveys showed an increase in the total number of colonies within the reef area, formed from both asexual and sexual reproduction. Genotype analysis of 48 of the originally monitored corals indicated that 43 grew from sexual recruits supporting the conclusion that both asexual and sexual reproduction are contributing to an increase in colony density at this site.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coral Reefs","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s00338-012-0898-8","usgsCitation":"Rogers, C., and Muller, E.M., 2012, Bleaching, disease and recovery in the threatened scleractinian coral Acropora palmata in St. John, US Virgin Islands: 2003-2010: Coral Reefs, v. 31, no. 3, p. 807-819, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-012-0898-8.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"807","endPage":"819","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262661,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262646,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00338-012-0898-8"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"St. John Island;U.S. Virgin Islands","volume":"31","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-03-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"507edfcee4b022001d87bb51","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rogers, C.S. 0000-0001-9056-6961","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9056-6961","contributorId":37274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"C.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Muller, E. M.","contributorId":23778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muller","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70040312,"text":"70040312 - 2012 - Estimating pesticide sampling rates by the polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) in the presence of natural organic matter and varying hydrodynamic conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-17T17:16:16","indexId":"70040312","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating pesticide sampling rates by the polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) in the presence of natural organic matter and varying hydrodynamic conditions","docAbstract":"The polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) was calibrated to monitor pesticides in water under controlled laboratory conditions. The effect of natural organic matter (NOM) on the sampling rates (Rs) was evaluated in microcosms containing <0.1–5 mg L-1 of total organic carbon (TOC). The effect of hydrodynamics was studied by comparing Rs values measured in stirred (SBE) and quiescent (QBE) batch experiments and a flow-through system (FTS). The level of NOM in the water used in these experiments had no effect on the magnitude of the pesticide sampling rates (p > 0.05). However, flow velocity and turbulence significantly increased the sampling rates of the pesticides in the FTS and SBE compared to the QBE (p < 0.001). The calibration data generated can be used to derive pesticide concentrations in water from POCIS deployed in stagnant and turbulent environmental systems without correction for NOM.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2012.05.001","usgsCitation":"Charlestra, L., Amirbahman, A., Courtemanch, D.L., Alvarez, D., and Patterson, H., 2012, Estimating pesticide sampling rates by the polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) in the presence of natural organic matter and varying hydrodynamic conditions: Environmental Pollution, v. 169, p. 98-104, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2012.05.001.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"98","endPage":"104","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262689,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262681,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2012.05.001"}],"volume":"169","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50801846e4b0a0242ef285b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Charlestra, Lucner","contributorId":21407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charlestra","given":"Lucner","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Amirbahman, Aria","contributorId":44031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amirbahman","given":"Aria","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Courtemanch, David L.","contributorId":70639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Courtemanch","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Alvarez, David A.","contributorId":72755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvarez","given":"David A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Patterson, Howard","contributorId":26569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patterson","given":"Howard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70040311,"text":"70040311 - 2012 - Passive thermal refugia provided warm water for Florida manatees during the severe winter of 2009-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-17T17:16:16","indexId":"70040311","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Passive thermal refugia provided warm water for Florida manatees during the severe winter of 2009-2010","docAbstract":"Haloclines induced by freshwater inflow over tidal water have been identified as an important mechanism for maintaining warm water in passive thermal refugia (PTR) used by Florida manatees Trichechus manatus latirostris during winter in extreme southwestern Florida. Record-setting cold during winter 2009–2010 resulted in an unprecedented number of manatee deaths, adding to concerns that PTR may provide inadequate thermal protection during severe cold periods. Hydrological data from 2009–2010 indicate that 2 canal systems in the Ten Thousand Islands (TTI) region acted as PTR and maintained warm bottom-water temperatures, even during severe and prolonged cold periods. Aerial survey counts of live and dead manatees in TTI during the winter of 2009–2010 suggest that these PTR were effective at preventing mass mortality from hypothermia, in contrast to the nearby Everglades region, which lacks similar artificial PTR and showed high manatee carcass counts. Hydrological data from winter 2008–2009 confirmed earlier findings that without haloclines these artificial PTR may become ineffective as warm-water sites. Tidal pumping of groundwater appears to provide additional heat to bottom water during low tide cycles, but the associated thermal inversion is not observed unless salinity stratification is present. The finding that halocline-driven PTR can maintain warm water even under extreme winter conditions suggests that they may have significant potential as warm-water sites. However, availability and conflicting uses of freshwater and other management issues may make halocline-driven PTR unreliable or difficult to manage during winter.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","publisherLocation":"Oldendorf/Luhe, Germany","doi":"10.3354/meps09732","usgsCitation":"Stith, B., Slone, D., de Wit, M., Edwards, H., Langtimm, C., Swain, E., Soderqvist, L., and Reid, J., 2012, Passive thermal refugia provided warm water for Florida manatees during the severe winter of 2009-2010: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 462, p. 287-301, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09732.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"287","endPage":"301","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474306,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09732","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":262677,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262657,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps09732","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","volume":"462","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"507ee053e4b022001d87bb8a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stith, B.M.","contributorId":53741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stith","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slone, D. H. 0000-0002-9903-9727","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9903-9727","contributorId":33040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slone","given":"D. H.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"de Wit, M.","contributorId":43223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"de Wit","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Edwards, H.H.","contributorId":99924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"H.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Langtimm, C.A. 0000-0001-8499-5743","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8499-5743","contributorId":71133,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Langtimm","given":"C.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Swain, E.D. 0000-0001-7168-708X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7168-708X","contributorId":29007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swain","given":"E.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Soderqvist, L.E.","contributorId":16696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderqvist","given":"L.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Reid, J.P. 0000-0002-8497-1132","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8497-1132","contributorId":59372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"J.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70040346,"text":"sir20125221 - 2012 - Effects of a drawdown on plant communities in a freshwater impoundment at Lacassine National Wildlife Refuge, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-16T17:16:16","indexId":"sir20125221","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5221","title":"Effects of a drawdown on plant communities in a freshwater impoundment at Lacassine National Wildlife Refuge, Louisiana","docAbstract":"Disturbance is an important natural process in the creation and maintenance of wetlands. Water depth manipulation and prescribed fire are two types of disturbance commonly used by humans to influence vegetation succession and composition in wetlands with the intention of improving wildlife habitat value. A 6,475-hectare (ha) impoundment was constructed in 1943 on Lacassine National Wildlife Refuge in southwest Louisiana to create freshwater wetlands as wintering waterfowl habitat. Ten years after construction of the impoundment, called Lacassine pool, was completed, refuge staff began expressing concerns about increasing emergent vegetation cover, organic matter accumulation, and decreasing area of open water within the pool. Because the presence of permanent standing water impedes actions that can address these concerns, a small impoundment within the pool where it was possible to manipulate water depth was created. The 283-ha subimpoundment called Unit D was constructed in 1989. Water was pumped from Unit D in 1990, and the unit was permanently reflooded about 3 years later. Four prescribed fires were applied during the drawdown. A study was initiated in 1990 to investigate the effect of the experimental drawdown on vegetation and soils in Unit D. Four plant community types were described, and cores were collected to measure the depth of the soil organic layer. A second study of Unit D was conducted in 1997, 4 years after the unit was reflooded, by using the same plots and similar sampling methods. This report presents an analysis and synthesis of the data from the two studies and provides an evaluation of the impact of the management techniques applied. We found that plant community characteristics often differed among the four communities and varied with time. Species richness increased in two of the communities, and total aboveground biomass increased in all four during the drawdown. These changes, however, did not persist when Unit D was reflooded; by 1997, species richness and aboveground biomass were equivalent to values before the drawdown. The change in waterfowl food value of the plant communities during the drawdown varied; it did not change in two communities, increased in one, and decreased in one. A consistent pattern noted was that waterfowl food value was higher in communities that contained open water than in those dominated by emergent plants, both soon after the drawdown was initiated in Unit D and 4 years after reflooding. A reduction in depth of the soil organic layer became apparent 20 months after drawdown was initiated, and this reduction persisted in 1997, 4 years after reflooding. A separate 2003 study on soil characteristics in Lacassine pool found that the depth to the clay layer was lower in Unit D than in the rest of the pool. We were not able to establish a cause-and-effect relation between any changes noted and the fact water levels in the unit were drawn down because the initial study in 1990 did not include control plots. Changes in vegetation and soil organic layer depth identified in Unit D may have occurred in the surrounding Lacassine pool habitat as well. Similarly, we were unable to form any conclusions about the effect of the prescribed fire treatments because there was no information on which plots were burned. Because of the known relation between anaerobic soil conditions and reduced decomposition of organic matter, however, it is likely that the drawdown in Unit D resulted in an increased decomposition rate and a reduction in the depth of the soil organic layer.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125221","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Howard, R.J., and Allain, L., 2012, Effects of a drawdown on plant communities in a freshwater impoundment at Lacassine National Wildlife Refuge, Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5221, vi, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125221.","productDescription":"vi, 27 p.","numberOfPages":"37","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262636,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5221.gif"},{"id":262624,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5221/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262625,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5221/sir2012-5221.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Lacassine National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.963118,29.912844 ], [ -92.963118,30.038665 ], [ -92.780442,30.038665 ], [ -92.780442,29.912844 ], [ -92.963118,29.912844 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"507ee011e4b022001d87bb6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howard, Rebecca J. 0000-0001-7264-4364 howardr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7264-4364","contributorId":2429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Rebecca","email":"howardr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allain, Larry 0000-0002-7717-9761","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7717-9761","contributorId":63108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allain","given":"Larry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70040372,"text":"sir20125203 - 2012 - Changes in water budgets and sediment yields from a hypothetical agricultural field as a function of landscape and management characteristics--A unit field modeling approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-16T17:16:16","indexId":"sir20125203","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5203","title":"Changes in water budgets and sediment yields from a hypothetical agricultural field as a function of landscape and management characteristics--A unit field modeling approach","docAbstract":"Crop agriculture occupies 13 percent of the conterminous United States. Agricultural management practices, such as crop and tillage types, affect the hydrologic flow paths through the landscape. Some agricultural practices, such as drainage and irrigation, create entirely new hydrologic flow paths upon the landscapes where they are implemented. These hydrologic changes can affect the magnitude and partitioning of water budgets and sediment erosion. Given the wide degree of variability amongst agricultural settings, changes in the magnitudes of hydrologic flow paths and sediment erosion induced by agricultural management practices commonly are difficult to characterize, quantify, and compare using only field observations. The Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model was used to simulate two landscape characteristics (slope and soil texture) and three agricultural management practices (land cover/crop type, tillage type, and selected agricultural land management practices) to evaluate their effects on the water budgets of and sediment yield from agricultural lands. An array of sixty-eight 60-year simulations were run, each representing a distinct natural or agricultural scenario with various slopes, soil textures, crop or land cover types, tillage types, and select agricultural management practices on an isolated 16.2-hectare field. Simulations were made to represent two common agricultural climate regimes: arid with sprinkler irrigation and humid. These climate regimes were constructed with actual climate and irrigation data. The results of these simulations demonstrate the magnitudes of potential changes in water budgets and sediment yields from lands as a result of landscape characteristics and agricultural practices adopted on them. These simulations showed that variations in landscape characteristics, such as slope and soil type, had appreciable effects on water budgets and sediment yields. As slopes increased, sediment yields increased in both the arid and humid environments. However, runoff did not increase with slope in the arid environment as was observed in the humid environment. In both environments, clayey soils exhibited the greatest amount of runoff and sediment yields while sandy soils had greater recharge and lessor runoff and sediment yield. Scenarios simulating the effects of the timing and type of tillage practice showed that no-till, conservation, and contouring tillages reduced sediment yields and, with the exception of no-till, runoff in both environments. Changes in land cover and crop type simulated the changes between the evapotransporative potential and surface roughness imparted by specific vegetations. Substantial differences in water budgets and sediment yields were observed between most agricultural crops and the natural covers selected for each environment: scrub and prairie grass for the arid environment and forest and prairie grass for the humid environment. Finally, a group of simulations was performed to model selected agricultural management practices. Among the selected practices subsurface drainage and strip cropping exhibited the largest shifts in water budgets and sediment yields. The practice of crop rotation (corn/soybean) and cover cropping (corn/rye) were predicted to increase sediment yields from a field planted as conventional corn.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125203","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Roth, J.L., and Capel, P.D., 2012, Changes in water budgets and sediment yields from a hypothetical agricultural field as a function of landscape and management characteristics--A unit field modeling approach: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5203, Report: viii, 42 p.; Appendixes: 2-4, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125203.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 42 p.; Appendixes: 2-4","numberOfPages":"54","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":453,"text":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262610,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5203.bmp"},{"id":262602,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5203/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262603,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5203/pdf/sir20125203.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.800000,24.500000 ], [ -124.800000,49.383333 ], [ -66.950000,49.383333 ], [ -66.950000,24.500000 ], [ -124.800000,24.500000 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"507edfd9e4b022001d87bb55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roth, Jason L. 0000-0001-5440-2775 jroth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5440-2775","contributorId":4789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roth","given":"Jason","email":"jroth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Capel, Paul D. 0000-0003-1620-5185 capel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1620-5185","contributorId":1002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capel","given":"Paul","email":"capel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70040373,"text":"ds721 - 2012 - Atmospheric deposition, water-quality, and sediment data for selected lakes in Mount Rainer, North Cascades, and Olympic National Parks, Washington, 2008-10","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-16T17:16:16","indexId":"ds721","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"721","title":"Atmospheric deposition, water-quality, and sediment data for selected lakes in Mount Rainer, North Cascades, and Olympic National Parks, Washington, 2008-10","docAbstract":"To evaluate the potential effect from atmospheric deposition of nitrogen to high-elevation lakes, the U.S. Geological Survey partnered with the National Park Service to develop a \"critical load\" of nitrogen for sediment diatoms. A critical load is defined as the level of a given pollutant (in this case, nitrogen) at which detrimental effects to a target endpoint (sediment diatoms) result. Because sediment diatoms are considered one of the \"first responders\" to ecosystem changes from nitrogen, they are a sensitive indicator for nitrogen deposition changes in natural areas. This report presents atmospheric deposition, water quality, sediment geochronology, and sediment diatom data collected from July 2008 through August 2010 in support of this effort.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds721","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Sheibley, R.W., Foreman, J.R., Moran, P.W., and Swarzenski, P.W., 2012, Atmospheric deposition, water-quality, and sediment data for selected lakes in Mount Rainer, North Cascades, and Olympic National Parks, Washington, 2008-10: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 721, Report: viii, 34 p.; Tables 10-19, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds721.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 34 p.; Tables 10-19","numberOfPages":"46","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262612,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_721.bmp"},{"id":262604,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/721/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262605,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/721/pdf/ds721.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":262606,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/721/ds721_tables10-19.xlsx"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Cascade Mountains;Mount Rainer;Olympic National Parks","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.800000,46.333333 ], [ -124.800000,49.000000 ], [ -120.500000,49.000000 ], [ -120.500000,46.333333 ], [ -124.800000,46.333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"507edfbde4b022001d87bb49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sheibley, Rich W. 0000-0003-1627-8536 sheibley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1627-8536","contributorId":3044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheibley","given":"Rich","email":"sheibley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foreman, James R. 0000-0003-0535-4580 jforeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0535-4580","contributorId":3669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foreman","given":"James","email":"jforeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":468200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moran, Patrick W. 0000-0002-2002-3539 pwmoran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2002-3539","contributorId":489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"Patrick","email":"pwmoran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swarzenski, Peter W. 0000-0003-0116-0578 pswarzen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":1070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"Peter","email":"pswarzen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70004896,"text":"70004896 - 2012 - Potential effects of climate change on the distribution of waterbirds in the Prairie Pothole Region, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T09:53:11","indexId":"70004896","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential effects of climate change on the distribution of waterbirds in the Prairie Pothole Region, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Wetland-dependent birds are considered to be at particularly high risk for negative climate change effects. Current and future distributions of American Bittern (Botaurus lentiginosus), American Coot (Fulica americana), Black Tern (Chlidonias niger), Pied-billed Grebe (Podilymbus podiceps) and Sora (Porzana carolina), five waterbird species common in the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR), were predicted using species distribution models (SDMs) in combination with climate data that projected a drier future for the PPR. Regional-scale SDMs were created for the U.S. PPR using breeding bird survey occurrence records for 1971-2000 and wetland and climate parameters. For each waterbird species, current distribution and four potential future distributions were predicted: all combinations of two Global Circulation Models and two emissions scenarios. Averaged for all five species, the ensemble range reduction was 64%. However, projected range losses for individual species varied widely with Sora and Black Tern projected to lose close to 100% and American Bittern 29% of their current range. Future distributions were also projected to a hypothetical landscape where wetlands were numerous and constant to highlight areas suitable as conservation reserves under a drier future climate. The ensemble model indicated that northeastern North Dakota and northern Minnesota would be the best areas for conservation reserves within the U.S. PPR under the modeled conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Waterbird Society","doi":"10.1675/063.035.0204","usgsCitation":"Steen, V., and Powell, A., 2012, Potential effects of climate change on the distribution of waterbirds in the Prairie Pothole Region, U.S.A.: Waterbirds, v. 35, no. 2, p. 217-229, https://doi.org/10.1675/063.035.0204.","startPage":"217","endPage":"229","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-031024","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262638,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota;South Dakota;Minnesota;Iowa","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 104.07,41.41 ], [ 104.07,49.03 ], [ 92.96,49.03 ], [ 92.96,41.41 ], [ 104.07,41.41 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"35","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"507ee068e4b022001d87bb92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steen, Valerie vsteen@usgs.gov","contributorId":5598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steen","given":"Valerie","email":"vsteen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powell, Abby N. abby_powell@usgs.gov","contributorId":2534,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Powell","given":"Abby N.","email":"abby_powell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13117,"text":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":351626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70156664,"text":"70156664 - 2012 - Annual fluxes of sediment-associated trace/major elements, carbon, nutrients, and sulfur from US coastal rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-29T15:53:56.146138","indexId":"70156664","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Annual fluxes of sediment-associated trace/major elements, carbon, nutrients, and sulfur from US coastal rivers","docAbstract":"About 260–270 Mt of suspended sediment are discharged annually from the conterminous USA; approximately 69% derives from Gulf rivers (n = 36), 24% from Pacific rivers (n = 42), and 7% from Atlantic rivers (n = 54). Elevated sediment-associated chemical concentrations relative to baseline levels occur in the reverse order of sediment discharges: Atlantic rivers (49%) > Pacific rivers (40%) > Gulf rivers (23%). Elevated trace element concentrations (e.g. Cu, Zn) tend to occur in association with present/former industrial areas and/or urban centres, particularly along the northeast Atlantic coast. Elevated nutrient concentrations occur along both the Atlantic and Gulf coasts, but are dominated by rivers in the urban northeast and by southeastern and Gulf coast “blackwater” streams. Elevated Ca, Mg, K and Na levels appear to reflect local petrology whereas elevated Ti, S, Fe, and Al concentrations are ubiquitous, possibly because they have both natural and anthropogenic sources. Almost all the elevated sediment-associated chemical concentrations/fluxes are lower than worldwide averages.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Erosion and sediment yields in the changing environment : proceedings of an IAHS International Commission on Continental Erosion symposium held at the Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS-Chengdu, China, 11-15 October 2012","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"2012 International Commission on Continental Erosion (ICCE) International Symposium","conferenceDate":"October 11-15, 2012","conferenceLocation":"Chengdu, China","language":"English","publisher":"International Association of Hydrological Sciences","usgsCitation":"Horowitz, A.J., Stephens, V.C., Elrick, K.A., and Smith, J.J., 2012, Annual fluxes of sediment-associated trace/major elements, carbon, nutrients, and sulfur from US coastal rivers, in Erosion and sediment yields in the changing environment : proceedings of an IAHS International Commission on Continental Erosion symposium held at the Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS-Chengdu, China, 11-15 October 2012, Chengdu, China, October 11-15, 2012, p. 39-48.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"39","endPage":"48","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-035880","costCenters":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307451,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"United States coastal rivers","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f46de4b0bc0bec0a0f93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horowitz, Arthur J. 0000-0002-3296-730X horowitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3296-730X","contributorId":1400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horowitz","given":"Arthur","email":"horowitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stephens, Verlon C.","contributorId":147013,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stephens","given":"Verlon","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Elrick, Kent A.","contributorId":78415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elrick","given":"Kent","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, James J.","contributorId":74086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70040324,"text":"ds716 - 2012 - High-resolution digital elevation dataset for Crater Lake National Park and vicinity, Oregon, based on LiDAR survey of August-September 2010 and bathymetric survey of July 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-30T13:26:28","indexId":"ds716","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"716","title":"High-resolution digital elevation dataset for Crater Lake National Park and vicinity, Oregon, based on LiDAR survey of August-September 2010 and bathymetric survey of July 2000","docAbstract":"Crater Lake partially fills the caldera that formed approximately 7,700 years ago during the eruption of a 12,000-foot volcano known as Mount Mazama. The caldera-forming or climactic eruption of Mount Mazama devastated the surrounding landscape, left a thick deposit of pumice and ash in adjacent valleys, and spread a blanket of volcanic ash as far away as southern Canada. Because the Crater Lake region is potentially volcanically active, knowledge of past events is important to understanding hazards from future eruptions. Similarly, because the area is seismically active, documenting and evaluating geologic faults is critical to assessing hazards from earthquakes. As part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) of 2009, the U.S. Geological Survey was awarded funding for high-precision airborne LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) data collection at several volcanoes in the Cascade Range through the Oregon LiDAR Consortium, administered by the Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries (DOGAMI). The Oregon LiDAR Consortium contracted with Watershed Sciences, Inc., to conduct the data collection surveys. Collaborating agencies participating with the Oregon LiDAR Consortium for data collection in the Crater Lake region include Crater Lake National Park (National Park Service) and the Federal Highway Administration. In the immediate vicinity of Crater Lake National Park, 798 square kilometers of LiDAR data were collected, providing a digital elevation dataset of the ground surface beneath forest cover with an average resolution of 1.6 laser returns/m2 and both vertical and horizontal accuracies of ±5 cm. The LiDAR data were mosaicked in this report with bathymetry of the lake floor of Crater Lake, collected in 2000 using high-resolution multibeam sonar in a collaborative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey, Crater Lake National Park, and the Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping at the University of New Hampshire. The bathymetric survey collected 16 million soundings with a spatial resolution of 2 meters using an EM1002 system owned and operated by C&C Technologies, Inc. The combined LiDAR and bathymetric dataset has a cell size of 1 meter and will contribute to understanding past volcanic events and their deposits, recognizing of faults and volcanic landforms, and quantifying landscape modification during and after the next volcanic eruption at Crater Lake.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds716","usgsCitation":"Robinson, J., 2012, High-resolution digital elevation dataset for Crater Lake National Park and vicinity, Oregon, based on LiDAR survey of August-September 2010 and bathymetric survey of July 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 716, Elevation Data Zip File; FGDC Metadata Files; CraterLakeDeliveryReport: 18 p.; CraterLakeAcceptanceReport: 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds716.","productDescription":"Elevation Data Zip File; FGDC Metadata Files; CraterLakeDeliveryReport: 18 p.; CraterLakeAcceptanceReport: 15 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":619,"text":"Volcano Science Center-Menlo Park","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262589,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_716.gif"},{"id":262575,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/716/data/metadata","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262573,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/716/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262574,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/716/data/DS716-CraterLake_LiDAR.zip"},{"id":262576,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/716/data/CraterLakeDeliveryReport.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":262577,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/716/data/CraterLakeAcceptanceReport.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Crate Lake;Mount Mazama","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.303132,42.767484 ], [ -122.303132,43.089087 ], [ -121.967386,43.089087 ], [ -121.967386,42.767484 ], [ -122.303132,42.767484 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"507c6695e4b0f026455bc94e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, Joel E. 0000-0002-5193-3666 jrobins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5193-3666","contributorId":2757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Joel E.","email":"jrobins@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70040317,"text":"ofr20121168 - 2012 - waterData--An R package for retrieval, analysis, and anomaly calculation of daily hydrologic time series data, version 1.0","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-14T11:25:21","indexId":"ofr20121168","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1168","title":"waterData--An R package for retrieval, analysis, and anomaly calculation of daily hydrologic time series data, version 1.0","docAbstract":"Hydrologic time series data and associated anomalies (multiple components of the original time series representing variability at longer-term and shorter-term time scales) are useful for modeling trends in hydrologic variables, such as streamflow, and for modeling water-quality constituents. An R package, called waterData, has been developed for importing daily hydrologic time series data from U.S. Geological Survey streamgages into the R programming environment. In addition to streamflow, data retrieval may include gage height and continuous physical property data, such as specific conductance, pH, water temperature, turbidity, and dissolved oxygen. The package allows for importing daily hydrologic data into R, plotting the data, fixing common data problems, summarizing the data, and the calculation and graphical presentation of anomalies.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121168","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Ryberg, K.R., and Vecchia, A.V., 2012, waterData--An R package for retrieval, analysis, and anomaly calculation of daily hydrologic time series data, version 1.0 (Version 1.0 - October 12, 2012): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1168, Report: iv, 8 p.; Appendixes 1-2, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121168.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 8 p.; Appendixes 1-2","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262590,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1168.gif"},{"id":262582,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1168/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262583,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1168/of12-1168.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0 - October 12, 2012","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"507d2380e4b0905c2a76c029","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryberg, Karen R. 0000-0002-9834-2046 kryberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9834-2046","contributorId":1172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryberg","given":"Karen","email":"kryberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":468063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vecchia, Aldo V. 0000-0002-2661-4401","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2661-4401","contributorId":41810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vecchia","given":"Aldo","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70040282,"text":"ds687 - 2012 - Comparison of 2008-2009 water years and historical water-quality data, upper Gunnison River Basin, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-12T17:16:08","indexId":"ds687","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"687","title":"Comparison of 2008-2009 water years and historical water-quality data, upper Gunnison River Basin, Colorado","docAbstract":"Population growth and changes in land use have the potential to affect water quality and quantity in the upper Gunnison River Basin. In 1995, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management, City of Gunnison, Colorado River Water Conservation District, Crested Butte South Metropolitan District, Gunnison County, Hinsdale County, Mount Crested Butte Water and Sanitation District, National Park Service, Town of Crested Butte, U.S. Forest Service, Upper Gunnison River Water Conservancy District, and Western State College, established a water-quality monitoring program in the upper Gunnison River Basin to characterize current water-quality conditions and to assess the effects of increased urban development and other land-use changes on water quality. The monitoring network has evolved into two groups of sites: (1) sites that are considered long term and (2) sites that are considered rotational. Data from the long-term sites assist in defining temporal changes in water quality (how conditions may change over time). The rotational sites assist in the spatial definition of water-quality conditions (how conditions differ throughout the basin) and address local and short-term concerns. Biannual summaries of the water-quality data from the monitoring network provide a point of reference for stakeholder discussions regarding the location and purpose of water-quality monitoring sites in the upper Gunnison River Basin. This report compares and summarizes the data collected during water years 2008 and 2009 to the historical data available at these sites. The introduction provides a map of the sampling sites, definitions of terms, and a one-page summary of selected water-quality conditions at the network sites. The remainder of the report is organized around the data collected at individual sites. Data collected during water years 2008 and 2009 are compared to historical data, State water-quality standards, and Federal water-quality guidelines. A seasonal Kendall test for trend analysis is completed when there is sufficient data (typically >5 years) at the station. Data were collected following USGS protocols.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds687","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management, City of Gunnison, Colorado River Water Conservation District, Crested Butte South Metropolitan District, Gunnison County, Hinsdale County, Mount Crested Butte Water and Sanitation District, National Park Service, Town of Crested Butte, U.S. Forest Service, Upper Gunnison River Water Conservancy District, and Western State College","usgsCitation":"Solberg, P.A., Moore, B., and Blacklock, T.D., 2012, Comparison of 2008-2009 water years and historical water-quality data, upper Gunnison River Basin, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 687, vi, 85 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds687.","productDescription":"vi, 85 p.","numberOfPages":"94","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262547,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_687.gif"},{"id":262541,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/687/DS687.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":262540,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/687/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Upper Gunnison River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.5,37.9167 ], [ -107.5,39.00 ], [ -106.5,39.00 ], [ -106.5,37.9167 ], [ -107.5,37.9167 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"507995bce4b008dc419c53de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Solberg, Patricia A. psolberg@usgs.gov","contributorId":2418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solberg","given":"Patricia","email":"psolberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":467992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, Bryan bmoore@usgs.gov","contributorId":2417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Bryan","email":"bmoore@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":467991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blacklock, Ty D. tblacklo@usgs.gov","contributorId":4710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blacklock","given":"Ty","email":"tblacklo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":467993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70171528,"text":"70171528 - 2012 - Carbon export by rivers draining the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-02T13:57:35","indexId":"70171528","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-11T15:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1999,"text":"Inland Waters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbon export by rivers draining the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"Material exports by rivers, particularly carbon exports, provide insight to basin geology, weathering, and ecological processes within the basin. Accurate accounting of those exports is valuable to understanding present, past, and projected basin-wide changes in those processes. We calculated lateral export of inorganic and organic carbon (IC and OC) from rivers draining the conterminous United States using stream gaging and water quality data from more than 100 rivers. Approximately 90% of land area and 80% of water export were included, which enabled a continental-scale estimate using minor extrapolation. Total carbon export was 41–49 Tg C yr−1. IC was >75% of export and exceeded OC export in every region except the southeastern Atlantic seaboard. The 10 largest rivers, by discharge, accounted for 66% of water export and carried 74 and 62% of IC and OC export, respectively. Watershed carbon yield for the conterminous United States was 4.2 and 1.3 g C m−2 yr−1 for IC and OC, respectively. The dominance of IC export was unexpected but is consistent with geologic models suggesting high weathering rates in the continental United States due to the prevalence of easily weathered sedimentary rock.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Association of Theoretical and Applied Limnology","publisherLocation":"Stuttgart","doi":"10.5268/IW-2.4.510","usgsCitation":"Stets, E., and Striegl, R.G., 2012, Carbon export by rivers draining the conterminous United States: Inland Waters, v. 2, p. 177-184, https://doi.org/10.5268/IW-2.4.510.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"177","endPage":"184","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-039157","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474317,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5268/iw-2.4.510","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":322107,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575158ade4b053f0edd03c21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stets, Edward G. estets@usgs.gov","contributorId":152533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stets","given":"Edward G.","email":"estets@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":631604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Striegl, Robert G. 0000-0002-8251-4659 rstriegl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-4659","contributorId":1630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striegl","given":"Robert","email":"rstriegl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":631605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70040260,"text":"70040260 - 2012 - Toxicity of carbon nanotubes to freshwater aquatic invertebrates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-31T12:58:12","indexId":"70040260","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toxicity of carbon nanotubes to freshwater aquatic invertebrates","docAbstract":"Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are hydrophobic in nature and thus tend to accumulate in sediments if released into aquatic environments. As part of our overall effort to examine the toxicity of carbon-based nanomaterials to sediment-dwelling invertebrates, we have evaluated the toxicity of different types of CNTs in 14-d water-only exposures to an amphipod (Hyalella azteca), a midge (Chironomus dilutus), an oligochaete (Lumbriculus variegatus), and a mussel (Villosa iris) in advance of conducting whole-sediment toxicity tests with CNTs. The results of these toxicity tests conducted with CNTs added to water showed that 1.00g/L (dry wt) of commercial sources of CNTs significantly reduced the survival or growth of the invertebrates. Toxicity was influenced by the type and source of the CNTs, by whether the materials were precleaned by acid, by whether sonication was used to disperse the materials, and by species of the test organisms. Light and electron microscope imaging of the surviving test organisms showed the presence of CNTs in the gut as well as on the outer surface of the test organisms, although no evidence was observed to show penetration of CNTs through cell membranes. The present study demonstrated that both the metals solubilized from CNTs such as nickel and the \"metal-free\" CNTs contributed to the toxicity.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1002/etc.1888","usgsCitation":"Mwangi, J.N., Wang, N., Ingersoll, C.G., Hardesty, D.K., Brunson, E., Li, H., and Deng, B., 2012, Toxicity of carbon nanotubes to freshwater aquatic invertebrates: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 31, no. 8, p. 1823-1830, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.1888.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1823","endPage":"1830","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":474318,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.1888","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":262529,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"31","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-05-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50788fa3e4b0cfc2d59f5b65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mwangi, Joseph N.","contributorId":70535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mwangi","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wang, Ning 0000-0002-2846-3352 nwang@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2846-3352","contributorId":2818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Ning","email":"nwang@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ingersoll, Christopher G. 0000-0003-4531-5949 cingersoll@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":2071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"Christopher","email":"cingersoll@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hardesty, Doug K.","contributorId":79344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardesty","given":"Doug","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brunson, Eric L. 0000-0001-6624-0902 elbrunson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6624-0902","contributorId":3282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brunson","given":"Eric L.","email":"elbrunson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":467973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Li, Hao","contributorId":14945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Hao","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Deng, Baolin","contributorId":8988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deng","given":"Baolin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70156613,"text":"70156613 - 2012 - Characterization of storm runoff from selected South Carolina Department of Transportation maintenance yards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-08T18:47:23.773509","indexId":"70156613","displayToPublicDate":"2012-10-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Characterization of storm runoff from selected South Carolina Department of Transportation maintenance yards","docAbstract":"The objective of this project is to collect sufficient stormwater water-quality and flow data to document the type, concentration, and event load of selected constituents transported from South Carolina Department of Transportation (SCDOT) maintenance yards by stormwater runoff.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 2012 South Carolina Water Resources Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"2012 South Carolina Water Resources Conference","conferenceDate":"October 10-11, 2012","conferenceLocation":"Columbia, South Carolina, United States","language":"English","publisher":"Clemson University Center for Watershed Excellence","usgsCitation":"Conlon, K.J., and Reinhart, P.J., 2012, Characterization of storm runoff from selected South Carolina Department of Transportation maintenance yards, in Proceedings of the 2012 South Carolina Water Resources Conference, Columbia, South Carolina, United States, October 10-11, 2012, 2 p.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-020671","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307373,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","city":"Conway, North Charleston","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.08302307128906,\n 33.81281382470339\n ],\n [\n -79.01538848876953,\n 33.81281382470339\n ],\n [\n -79.01538848876953,\n 33.86842010104708\n ],\n [\n -79.08302307128906,\n 33.86842010104708\n ],\n [\n -79.08302307128906,\n 33.81281382470339\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.93656364390489,\n 32.82978063228461\n ],\n [\n -79.93067081629145,\n 32.83653263132058\n ],\n [\n -79.93120652789273,\n 32.84643463442512\n ],\n [\n -79.95102785713802,\n 32.85498547538138\n ],\n [\n -79.96120637756157,\n 32.866235326385734\n ],\n [\n -79.96602778197243,\n 32.890080290968285\n ],\n [\n -79.94781358753093,\n 32.908971744198155\n ],\n [\n -80.00834899846937,\n 32.90177547525636\n ],\n [\n -80.02656319291137,\n 32.93999895339587\n ],\n [\n -80.0233489233038,\n 32.95168754290948\n ],\n [\n -80.03888455973949,\n 32.9705658457799\n ],\n [\n -80.03942027134076,\n 32.987193389427674\n ],\n [\n -80.16959819043913,\n 32.94899031325974\n ],\n [\n -80.1545982656047,\n 32.934154079177446\n ],\n [\n -80.15406255400393,\n 32.92920811468109\n ],\n [\n -80.1454911683842,\n 32.92336252739349\n ],\n [\n -80.14709830318799,\n 32.91706684764682\n ],\n [\n -80.14227689877661,\n 32.91571771514795\n ],\n [\n -80.13691978276444,\n 32.909871236693334\n ],\n [\n -80.13424122475814,\n 32.90042610972159\n ],\n [\n -80.12031272312623,\n 32.90087590051789\n ],\n [\n -80.12031272312623,\n 32.895028441997056\n ],\n [\n -80.11388418391157,\n 32.89142981411186\n ],\n [\n -80.10316995188677,\n 32.8932291463273\n ],\n [\n -80.09674141267209,\n 32.88333236691889\n ],\n [\n -80.07959864143312,\n 32.88693132369298\n ],\n [\n -80.08227719943893,\n 32.87793365770956\n ],\n [\n -80.07906292983182,\n 32.87343448217645\n ],\n [\n -80.06245587019363,\n 32.86713525282495\n ],\n [\n -80.05870588898529,\n 32.855885515967884\n ],\n [\n -80.04959879176427,\n 32.84643463442512\n ],\n [\n -80.04209882934705,\n 32.8468846992284\n ],\n [\n -80.03031317411971,\n 32.83563239444804\n ],\n [\n -80.0233489233038,\n 32.83428202202445\n ],\n [\n -80.01263469127947,\n 32.82617935620172\n ],\n [\n -80.00138474765342,\n 32.83248149351135\n ],\n [\n -79.98263484161066,\n 32.83698274633417\n ],\n [\n -79.97084918638382,\n 32.83203135567874\n ],\n [\n -79.96495635876991,\n 32.82122736315203\n ],\n [\n -79.93656364390489,\n 32.82978063228461\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55dd91afe4b0518e354dd135","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conlon, Kevin J. 0000-0003-0798-368X kjconlon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0798-368X","contributorId":2561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conlon","given":"Kevin","email":"kjconlon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":569667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reinhart, Peter J.","contributorId":146965,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reinhart","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}