Trends in selected streamflow statistics during 1922-2009 were evaluated at 19 long-term streamflow-gaging stations considered indicative of outflows from Texas to Arkansas, Louisiana, Galveston Bay, and the Gulf of Mexico. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Texas Water Development Board, evaluated streamflow data from streamflow-gaging stations with more than 50 years of record that were active as of 2009. The outflows into Arkansas and Louisiana were represented by 3 streamflow-gaging stations, and outflows into the Gulf of Mexico, including Galveston Bay, were represented by 16 streamflow-gaging stations. Monotonic trend analyses were done using the following three streamflow statistics generated from daily mean values of streamflow: (1) annual mean daily discharge, (2) annual maximum daily discharge, and (3) annual minimum daily discharge. The trend analyses were based on the nonparametric Kendall's Tau test, which is useful for the detection of monotonic upward or downward trends with time. A total of 69 trend analyses by Kendall's Tau were computed - 19 periods of streamflow multiplied by the 3 streamflow statistics plus 12 additional trend analyses because the periods of record for 2 streamflow-gaging stations were divided into periods representing pre- and post-reservoir impoundment. Unless otherwise described, each trend analysis used the entire period of record for each streamflow-gaging station. The monotonic trend analysis detected 11 statistically significant downward trends, 37 instances of no trend, and 21 statistically significant upward trends. One general region studied, which seemingly has relatively more upward trends for many of the streamflow statistics analyzed, includes the rivers and associated creeks and bayous to Galveston Bay in the Houston metropolitan area. Lastly, the most western river basins considered (the Nueces and Rio Grande) had statistically significant downward trends for many of the streamflow statistics analyzed.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125182","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Texas Water Development Board","usgsCitation":"Barbie, D.L., and Wehmeyer, L.L., 2012, Trends in selected streamflow statistics at 19 long-term streamflow-gaging stations indicative of outflows from Texas to Arkansas, Louisiana, Galveston Bay, and the Gulf of Mexico, 1922-2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5182, iv, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125182.","productDescription":"iv, 20 p.","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":261833,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5182.gif"},{"id":261827,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5182/pdf/sir2012-5182.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":261826,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5182/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Albers equal-area projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Colorado, Louisiana, Oklahoma, New Mexico, Texas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109,25.833333333333332 ], [ -109,41 ], [ -89,41 ], [ -89,25.833333333333332 ], [ -109,25.833333333333332 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb801e4b08c986b327602","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barbie, Dana L.","contributorId":64632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barbie","given":"Dana","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wehmeyer, Loren L.","contributorId":90412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wehmeyer","given":"Loren","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70039859,"text":"70039859 - 2012 - Effects of flow regime on stream turbidity and suspended solids after wildfire, Colorado Front Range ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-05T17:00:42","indexId":"70039859","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5644,"text":"IAHS Red Book","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":19}},"seriesNumber":"354","title":"Effects of flow regime on stream turbidity and suspended solids after wildfire, Colorado Front Range ","docAbstract":"Wildfires occur frequently in the Colorado Front Range and can alter the hydrological response of watersheds, yet little information exists on the impact of flow regime and storm events on post-wildfire water quality. The flow regime in the region is characterized by base-flow conditions during much of the year and increased runoff during spring snowmelt and summer convective storms. The impact of snowmelt and storm events on stream discharge and water quality was evaluated for about a year after a wildfire near Boulder, Colorado, USA. During spring snowmelt and low-intensity storms, differences in discharge and turbidity at sites upstream and downstream from the burned areas were minimal. However, high-intensity convective storms resulted in dramatic increases in discharge and turbidity at sites downstream from the burned area. This study highlights the importance of using high-frequency sampling to assess accurately wildfire impacts on water quality downstream.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildfire and water quality: Processes, impacts and challenges (IAHS Red Book no. 354)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Wildfire and Water Quality: Processes, Impacts and Challenges","conferenceDate":"June 11-14, 2012","conferenceLocation":"Banff, AB","language":"English","publisher":"IAHS Publications","publisherLocation":"Oxfordshire, U.K.","isbn":"978-1-907161-32-2","usgsCitation":"Murphy, S.F., McCleskey, R.B., and Writer, J.H., 2012, Effects of flow regime on stream turbidity and suspended solids after wildfire, Colorado Front Range , in Wildfire and water quality: Processes, impacts and challenges (IAHS Red Book no. 354), v. 354, Banff, AB, June 11-14, 2012, p. 51-58.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"58","costCenters":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":261812,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":261806,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":1,"text":"Abstract"},"url":"https://iahs.info/uploads/dms/16021.354%20Abstracts%2011.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":352230,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://iahs.info/Publications-News.do?category=7","text":"IAHS Publications Search"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Colorado Front Range","volume":"354","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0844e4b0c8380cd51a55","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Stone, Mike","contributorId":24267,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stone","given":"Mike","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34246,"text":"University of Waterloo, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":730284,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collins, Adrian","contributorId":201050,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Collins","given":"Adrian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730285,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thoms, Martin C. 0000-0002-8074-0476","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8074-0476","contributorId":145710,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thoms","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":16205,"text":"Riverine Landscapes Research Laboratory, University of New England, NSW, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":730286,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Murphy, Sheila F. 0000-0002-5481-3635 sfmurphy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5481-3635","contributorId":1854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Sheila","email":"sfmurphy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCleskey, R. Blaine 0000-0002-2521-8052 rbmccles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2521-8052","contributorId":147399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCleskey","given":"R.","email":"rbmccles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Blaine","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Writer, Jeffrey H. jwriter@usgs.gov","contributorId":1393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Writer","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jwriter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":467081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70039873,"text":"tm5C3 - 2012 - Methods of analysis-Determination of pesticides in sediment using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-09-12T17:16:23","indexId":"tm5C3","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"5-C3","title":"Methods of analysis-Determination of pesticides in sediment using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry","docAbstract":"A method for the determination of 119 pesticides in environmental sediment samples is described. The method was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in support of the National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. The pesticides included in this method were chosen through prior prioritization. Herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides along with degradates are included in this method and span a variety of chemical classes including, but not limited to, chloroacetanilides, organochlorines, organophosphates, pyrethroids, triazines, and triazoles. Sediment samples are extracted by using an accelerated solvent extraction system (ASE®, and the compounds of interest are separated from co-extracted matrix interferences (including sulfur) by passing the extracts through high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with gel-permeation chromatography (GPC) along with the use of either stacked graphitized carbon and alumina solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges or packed Florisil®. Chromatographic separation, detection, and quantification of the pesticides from the sediment-sample extracts are done by using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Recoveries in test sediment samples fortified at 10 micrograms per kilogram (μg/kg) dry weight ranged from 75 to 102 percent; relative standard deviations ranged from 3 to 13 percent. Method detection limits (MDLs), calculated by using U.S. Environmental Protection Agency procedures (40 CFR 136, Appendix B), ranged from 0.6 to 3.4 μg/kg dry weight.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm5C3","usgsCitation":"Hladik, M., and McWayne, M., 2012, Methods of analysis-Determination of pesticides in sediment using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 5-C3, vi, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm5C3.","productDescription":"vi, 18 p.","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":261830,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/tm5c3/pdf/tm5-C3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":261829,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/tm5c3/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":261835,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm_5_c3.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a55f8e4b0c8380cd6d306","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hladik, Michelle 0000-0002-0891-2712 mhladik@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0891-2712","contributorId":784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hladik","given":"Michelle","email":"mhladik@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":467110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McWayne, Megan M. 0000-0001-8069-6420","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8069-6420","contributorId":22214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McWayne","given":"Megan M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70039856,"text":"70039856 - 2012 - Effects of wildfire on source-water quality and aquatic ecosystems, Colorado Front Range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-05T17:09:38","indexId":"70039856","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5644,"text":"IAHS Red Book","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":19}},"seriesNumber":"354","title":"Effects of wildfire on source-water quality and aquatic ecosystems, Colorado Front Range","docAbstract":"Watershed erosion can dramatically increase after wildfire, but limited research has evaluated the corresponding influence on source-water quality. This study evaluated the effects of the Fourmile Canyon wildfire (Colorado Front Range, USA) on source-water quality and aquatic ecosystems using high- frequency sampling. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nutrient loads in stream water were evaluated for a one-year period during different types of runoff events, including spring snowmelt, and both frontal and summer convective storms. DOC export from the burned watershed did not increase relative to the unburned watershed during spring snowmelt, but substantial increases in DOC export were observed during summer convective storms. Elevated nutrient export from the burned watershed was observed during spring snowmelt and summer convective storms, which increased the primary productivity of stream biofilms. Wildfire effects on source-water quality were shown to be substantial following high-intensity storms, with the potential to affect drinking-water treatment processes.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildfire and water quality: Processes, impacts and challenges (IAHS Red Book no. 354)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Wildfire and Water Quality: Processes, Impacts and Challenges","conferenceDate":"June 11-14, 2012","conferenceLocation":"Banff, AB","language":"English","publisher":"IAHS Publications","publisherLocation":"Oxfordshire, U.K.","isbn":"978-1-907161-32-2","usgsCitation":"Writer, J.H., McCleskey, R.B., and Murphy, S.F., 2012, Effects of wildfire on source-water quality and aquatic ecosystems, Colorado Front Range, in Wildfire and water quality: Processes, impacts and challenges (IAHS Red Book no. 354), v. 354, Banff, AB, June 11-14, 2012, p. 117-122.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"117","endPage":"122","costCenters":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":261811,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":352231,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://iahs.info/Publications-News.do?category=7","text":"IAHS Publications Search"},{"id":261805,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":1,"text":"Abstract"},"url":"https://iahs.info/uploads/dms/16029.354%20Abstracts%2019.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Colorado Front Range","volume":"354","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06f9e4b0c8380cd514dd","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Stone, Mike","contributorId":24267,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stone","given":"Mike","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34246,"text":"University of Waterloo, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":730287,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collins, Adrian","contributorId":201050,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Collins","given":"Adrian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730288,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thoms, Martin C. 0000-0002-8074-0476","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8074-0476","contributorId":145710,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thoms","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":16205,"text":"Riverine Landscapes Research Laboratory, University of New England, NSW, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":730289,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Writer, Jeffrey H. jwriter@usgs.gov","contributorId":1393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Writer","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jwriter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":467072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCleskey, R. Blaine 0000-0002-2521-8052 rbmccles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2521-8052","contributorId":147399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCleskey","given":"R.","email":"rbmccles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Blaine","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murphy, Sheila F. 0000-0002-5481-3635 sfmurphy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5481-3635","contributorId":1854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Sheila","email":"sfmurphy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70039853,"text":"70039853 - 2012 - Sediment fluxes from California Coastal Rivers: the influences of climate, geology, and topography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-17T11:09:53","indexId":"70039853","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2309,"text":"Journal of Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sediment fluxes from California Coastal Rivers: the influences of climate, geology, and topography","docAbstract":"The influences of geologic and climatic factors on erosion and sedimentation processes in rivers draining the western flank of the California Coast Range are assessed. Annual suspended, bedload, and total sediment fluxes were determined for 16 river basins that have hydrologic records covering all or most of the period from 1950 to 2006 and have been relatively unaffected by flow storage, regulation, and depletion, which alter the downstream movement of water and sediment. The occurrence of relatively large annual sediment fluxes are strongly influenced by the El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). The frequency of relatively large annual sediment fluxes decreases from north to south during La Nina phases and increases from north to south during El Nino phases. The influence of ENSO is modulated over a period of decades by the PDO, such that relatively large annual sediment fluxes are more frequent during a La Nina phase in conjunction with a cool PDO and during an El Nino phase in conjunction with a warm PDO. Values of mean annual sediment flux, , were regressed against basin and climatic characteristics. Basin area, bedrock erodibility, basin relief, and precipitation explain 87% of the variation in from the 16 river basins. Bedrock erodibility is the most significant characteristic influencing . Basin relief is a superior predictor of compared with basin slope. is nearly proportional to basin area and increases with increasing precipitation. For a given percentage change, basin relief has a 2.3-fold greater effect on than a similar change in precipitation. The estimated natural from all California coastal rivers for the period 1950–2006 would have been approximately 85 million tons without flow storage, regulation, and depletion; the actual has been approximately 50 million tons, because of the effects of flow storage, regulation, and depletion.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","publisherLocation":"Chicago, IL","usgsCitation":"Andrews, E., and Antweiler, R.C., 2012, Sediment fluxes from California Coastal Rivers: the influences of climate, geology, and topography: Journal of Geology, v. 120, no. 4, p. 349-366.","startPage":"349","endPage":"366","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":261809,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":261808,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/665733","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","volume":"120","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8989e4b08c986b316e14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andrews, E.D.","contributorId":13922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"E.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Antweiler, Ronald C. 0000-0001-5652-6034 antweil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5652-6034","contributorId":1481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Antweiler","given":"Ronald","email":"antweil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70123987,"text":"70123987 - 2012 - Phenology, growth, and fecundity as determinants of distribution in closely related nonnative taxa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-10T13:23:45","indexId":"70123987","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-10T13:11:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2100,"text":"Invasive Plant Science and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phenology, growth, and fecundity as determinants of distribution in closely related nonnative taxa","docAbstract":"Invasive species researchers often ask: Why do some species invade certain habitats while others do not? Ecological theories predict that taxonomically related species may invade similar habitats, but some related species exhibit contrasting invasion patterns. Brassica nigra, Brassica tournefortii, and Hirschfeldia incana are dominant, closely related nonnative species that have overlapping, but dissimilar, distributions. Brassica tournefortii is rapidly spreading in warm deserts of the southwestern United States, whereas B. nigra and H. incana are primarily limited to semiarid and mesic regions. We compared traits of B. tournefortii that might confer invasiveness in deserts with those of related species that have not invaded desert ecosystems. Brassica tournefortii, B. nigra and H. incana were compared in controlled experiments conducted outdoors in a mesic site (Riverside, CA) and a desert site (Blue Diamond, NV), and in greenhouses, over 3 yr. Desert and mesic B. tournefortii populations were also compared to determine whether locally adapted ecotypes contribute to desert invasion. Experimental variables included common garden sites and soil water availability. Response variables included emergence, growth, phenology, and reproduction. There was no evidence for B. tournefortii ecotypes, but B. tournefortii had a more rapid phenology than B. nigra or H. incana. Brassica tournefortii was less affected by site and water availability than B. nigra and H. incana, but was smaller and less fecund regardless of experimental conditions. Rapid phenology allows B. tournefortii to reproduce consistently under variable, stressful conditions such as those found in Southwestern deserts. Although more successful in milder, mesic ecosystems, B. nigra and H. incana may be limited by their ability to reproduce under desert conditions. Rapid phenology and drought response partition invasion patterns of nonnative mustards along a gradient of aridity in the southwestern United States, and may serve as a predictive trait for other potential invaders of arid and highly variable ecosystems.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Invasive Plant Science and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Weed Science Society of America","doi":"10.1614/IPSM-D-11-00074.1","usgsCitation":"Marushia, R.G., Brooks, M.L., and Holt, J.S., 2012, Phenology, growth, and fecundity as determinants of distribution in closely related nonnative taxa: Invasive Plant Science and Management, v. 5, no. 2, p. 217-229, https://doi.org/10.1614/IPSM-D-11-00074.1.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"217","endPage":"229","ipdsId":"IP-017727","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293611,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293610,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1614/IPSM-D-11-00074.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"California;Nevada","city":"Blue Diamond;Riverside","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.52,33.87 ], [ -117.52,36.06 ], [ -115.36,36.06 ], [ -115.36,33.87 ], [ -117.52,33.87 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"5","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"541165c3e4b0fe7e184a5566","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marushia, Robin G.","contributorId":101574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marushia","given":"Robin","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brooks, Matthew L. 0000-0002-3518-6787 mlbrooks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3518-6787","contributorId":393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Matthew","email":"mlbrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holt, Jodie S.","contributorId":59362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holt","given":"Jodie","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70039849,"text":"sir20125179 - 2012 - Hydrologic and water-quality conditions in the lower Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint and parts of the Aucilla-Suwannee-Ochlockonee River basins in Georgia and adjacent parts of Florida and Alabama during drought conditions, July 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T20:28:41","indexId":"sir20125179","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5179","title":"Hydrologic and water-quality conditions in the lower Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint and parts of the Aucilla-Suwannee-Ochlockonee River basins in Georgia and adjacent parts of Florida and Alabama during drought conditions, July 2011","docAbstract":"As part of the U.S. Department of the Interior sustainable water strategy, WaterSMART, the U.S. Geological Survey documented hydrologic and water-quality conditions in the lower Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint and western and central Aucilla-Suwannee-Ochlockonee River basins in Alabama, Florida, and Georgia during low-flow conditions in July 2011. Moderate-drought conditions prevailed in this area during early 2011 and worsened to exceptional by June, with cumulative rainfall departures from the 1981-2010 climate normals registering deficits ranging from 17 to 27 inches. As a result, groundwater levels and stream discharges measured below median daily levels throughout most of 2011. Water-quality field properties including temperature, dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, and pH were measured at selected surface-water sites. Record-low groundwater levels measured in 12 of 43 surficial aquifer wells and 128 of 312 Upper Floridan aquifer wells during July 2011 underscored the severity of drought conditions in the study area. Most wells recorded groundwater levels below the median daily statistic, and 7 surficial aquifer wells were dry. Groundwater-level measurements taken in July 2011 were used to determine the potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer. Groundwater generally flows to the south and toward streams except in reaches where streams discharge to the aquifer. The degree of connection between the Upper Floridan aquifer and streams decreases east of the Flint River where thick overburden hydraulically separates the aquifer from stream interaction. Hydraulic separation of the Upper Floridan aquifer from streams located east of the Flint River is shown by stream-stage altitudes that differ from groundwater levels measured in close proximity to streams. Most streams located in the study area during 2011 exhibited below normal flows (streamflows less than the 25th percentile), substantiating the severity of drought conditions that year. Streamflow and springflow measured at 202 sites along 2,122 stream miles during July 20-24, 2011, identified about 286 miles of losing streams, about 1,230 miles of gaining streams, and about 606 miles of streams with no flow. Water-quality field properties measured at 123 stream and 5 spring sites during July 2011 yielded water temperatures ranging from 20.6 to 31.6 degrees Celsius, dissolved oxygen ranging from 0.47 to 9.98 milligrams per liter, specific conductance ranging from 13 to 834 microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius, and pH ranging from 3.6 to 8.03.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125179","usgsCitation":"Gordon, D., Peck, M., and Painter, J.A., 2012, Hydrologic and water-quality conditions in the lower Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint and parts of the Aucilla-Suwannee-Ochlockonee River basins in Georgia and adjacent parts of Florida and Alabama during drought conditions, July 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5179, vi, 69 p.; Appendix (1 Map): 20 x 24 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125179.","productDescription":"vi, 69 p.; Appendix (1 Map): 20 x 24 inches","numberOfPages":"79","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":261804,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5179.jpg"},{"id":261802,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5179/pdf/sir2012-5179.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":261803,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5179/pdf/sir2012-5179-appendix.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":261801,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5179/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin, Aucilla-Suwannee-Ochlockonee River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -85.75,29.5 ], [ -85.75,32.5 ], [ -82.75,32.5 ], [ -82.75,29.5 ], [ -85.75,29.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3560e4b0c8380cd5fe7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gordon, Debbie W. 0000-0002-5195-6657","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5195-6657","contributorId":79591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gordon","given":"Debbie W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peck, Michael F. mfpeck@usgs.gov","contributorId":1467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peck","given":"Michael F.","email":"mfpeck@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Painter, Jaime A. 0000-0001-8883-9158 jpainter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8883-9158","contributorId":1466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Painter","given":"Jaime","email":"jpainter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70039848,"text":"ds701 - 2012 - Classifications for Coastal Wetlands Planning, Protection and Restoration Act site-specific projects: 2008 and 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-09-08T17:16:16","indexId":"ds701","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"701","title":"Classifications for Coastal Wetlands Planning, Protection and Restoration Act site-specific projects: 2008 and 2009","docAbstract":"The Coastal Wetlands Planning, Protection and Restoration Act (CWPPRA) funds over 100 wetland restoration projects across Louisiana. Integral to the success of CWPPRA is its long-term monitoring program, which enables State and Federal agencies to determine the effectiveness of each restoration effort. One component of this monitoring program is the analysis of high-resolution, color-infrared aerial photography at the U.S. Geological Survey's National Wetlands Research Center in Lafayette, Louisiana. Color-infrared aerial photography (9- by 9-inch) is obtained before project construction and several times after construction. Each frame is scanned on a photogrametric scanner that produces a high-resolution image in Tagged Image File Format (TIFF). By using image-processing software, these TIFF files are then orthorectified and mosaicked to produce a seamless image of a project area and its associated reference area (a control site near the project that has common environmental features, such as marsh type, soil types, and water salinities.) The project and reference areas are then classified according to pixel value into two distinct classes, land and water. After initial land and water ratios have been established by using photography obtained before and after project construction, subsequent comparisons can be made over time to determine land-water change. Several challenges are associated with the land-water interpretation process. Primarily, land-water classifications are often complicated by the presence of floating aquatic vegetation that occurs throughout the freshwater systems of coastal Louisiana and that is sometimes difficult to differentiate from emergent marsh. Other challenges include tidal fluctuations and water movement from strong winds, which may result in flooding and inundation of emergent marsh during certain conditions. Compensating for these events is difficult but possible by using other sources of imagery to verify marsh conditions for other dates in time.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds701","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority of Louisiana, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Natural Resources Conservation Service, and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","usgsCitation":"Jones, W.R., and Garber, A., 2012, Classifications for Coastal Wetlands Planning, Protection and Restoration Act site-specific projects: 2008 and 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 701, iv, 8 p.; 2008 CWPPRA Map PDF: 17 x 11 inches; 2009 CWPPRA Maps (13 Maps) PDF: 54 x 42 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds701.","productDescription":"iv, 8 p.; 2008 CWPPRA Map PDF: 17 x 11 inches; 2009 CWPPRA Maps (13 Maps) PDF: 54 x 42 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":261779,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_701.gif"},{"id":261777,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/701/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":261778,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/701/CWPPRA_DS_701.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94,29 ], [ -94,33 ], [ -89,33 ], [ -89,29 ], [ -94,29 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f631e4b0c8380cd4c5e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, William R. 0000-0002-5493-4138 jonesb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5493-4138","contributorId":463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"William","email":"jonesb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garber, Adrienne 0000-0003-1139-8256 garbera@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1139-8256","contributorId":464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garber","given":"Adrienne","email":"garbera@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":467056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70039847,"text":"ofr20121176 - 2012 - Helicopter electromagnetic survey of the Model Land Area, Southeastern Miami-Dade County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-09-08T17:16:16","indexId":"ofr20121176","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1176","title":"Helicopter electromagnetic survey of the Model Land Area, Southeastern Miami-Dade County, Florida","docAbstract":"This report describes a helicopter electromagnetic survey flown over the Model Land Area in southeastern Miami-Dade County, Florida, to map saltwater intrusion in the Biscayne aquifer. The survey, which is located south and east of Florida City, Florida, covers an area of 115 square kilometers with a flight-line spacing of 400 meters. A five-frequency, horizontal, coplanar bird with frequencies ranging from 400 to 100,000 Hertz was used. The data were interpreted using differential resistivity analysis and inversion to produce cross sections and resistivity depth-slice maps. The depth of investigation is as deep as 100 meters in freshwater-saturated portions of the Biscayne aquifer and the depth diminishes to about 50 meters in areas that are intruded by saltwater. The results compare favorably with ground-based, time-domain electromagnetic soundings and induction logs from observation wells in the area. The base of a high-resistivity, freshwater-saturated zone mapped in the northern 2 kilometers of the survey area corresponds quite well with the base of the surficial aquifer that has been determined by drilling. In general, saltwater in the survey area extends 9 to 12 kilometers inland from the coast; however, there is a long nose of saltwater centered along the Card Sound Road Canal that extends 15 kilometers inland. The cause of this preferential intrusion is likely due to uncontrolled surface flow along the canal and subsequent leakage of saltwater into the aquifer. Saltwater also extends farther inland in the area between U.S. Highway 1 and Card Sound Road than it does to the west of this area. Until 1944, a railroad grade occupied the current location of U.S. Highway 1. Borrow ditches associated with the railroad grade connected to Barnes Sound and allowed saltwater to flow during droughts and storm surges to within a few kilometers of Florida City. Relicts of this saltwater that settled to the bottom of the Biscayne aquifer can be seen in the helicopter electromagnetic data. The area to the west of U.S. Highway 1 is more resistive in the upper 10 meters than the area to the east of the road; this reflects the influence of surface-water flows that are blocked by U.S. Highway 1. Between Card Sound Road and U.S. Highway 1, resistivities are slightly lower compared to adjacent areas. In the southern portion of the survey area, the surficial aquifer underlying the Biscayne aquifer is more resistive; this indicates that it contains fresher water than that found at the base of the Biscayne aquifer.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121176","collaboration":"The Downloads Directory link on the index page contains PDFs of Plates 1-39.","usgsCitation":"Fitterman, D.V., Deszcz-Pan, M., and Prinos, S.T., 2012, Helicopter electromagnetic survey of the Model Land Area, Southeastern Miami-Dade County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1176, viii, 77 p.; Downloads Directory (39 Plates), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121176.","productDescription":"viii, 77 p.; Downloads Directory (39 Plates)","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":261780,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1176.gif"},{"id":261775,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1176/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":261776,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1176/OF12-1176.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","city":"Miami-dade","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.5,25.25 ], [ -80.5,25.450833333333332 ], [ -80.36666666666666,25.450833333333332 ], [ -80.36666666666666,25.25 ], [ -80.5,25.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3035e4b0c8380cd5d448","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fitterman, David V. dfitterman@usgs.gov","contributorId":1106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitterman","given":"David","email":"dfitterman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Deszcz-Pan, Maria 0000-0002-6298-5314 maryla@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6298-5314","contributorId":1263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deszcz-Pan","given":"Maria","email":"maryla@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prinos, Scott T. 0000-0002-5776-8956 stprinos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5776-8956","contributorId":4045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prinos","given":"Scott","email":"stprinos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70208439,"text":"70208439 - 2012 - Aspect control of water movement on hillslopes near the rain–snow transition of the Colorado Front Range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-10T10:43:17","indexId":"70208439","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-07T10:20:48","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aspect control of water movement on hillslopes near the rain–snow transition of the Colorado Front Range","docAbstract":"In the Colorado Front Range, forested catchments near the rain–snow transition are likely to experience changes in snowmelt delivery and subsurface water transport with climate warming and associated shifts in precipitation patterns. Snowpack dynamics are strongly affected by aspect: Lodgepole pine forested north‐facing slopes develop a seasonal snowpack, whereas Ponderosa pine‐dotted south‐facing slopes experience intermittent snow accumulation throughout winter and spring. We tested the degree to which these contrasting water input patterns cause different near‐surface hydrologic response on north‐facing and south‐facing hillslopes during the snowmelt period. During spring snowmelt, we applied lithium bromide (LiBr) tracer to instrumented plots along a north–south catchment transect. Bromide broke through immediately at 10‐ and 30‐cm depths on the north‐facing slope and was transported out of soil waters within 40 days. On the south‐facing slope, Br− was transported to significant depths only during spring storms and remained above the detection limit throughout the study. Modelling of unsaturated zone hydrologic response using Hydrus‐1D corroborated these aspect‐driven differences in subsurface transport. Our multiple lines of evidence suggest that north‐facing slopes are dominated by connected flow through the soil matrix, whereas south‐facing slope soils experience brief periods of rapid vertical transport following snowmelt events and are drier overall than north‐facing slopes. These differences in hydrologic response were largely a function of energy‐driven differences in water supply, emphasizing the importance of aspect and climate forcing when considering contributions of water and solutes to streamflow in catchments near the snow line.
","language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons","doi":"10.1002/hyp.9549","usgsCitation":"Hinckley, E.S., Ebel, B.A., Barnes, R.T., Anderson, R., Williams, M., and Anderson, S., 2012, Aspect control of water movement on hillslopes near the rain–snow transition of the Colorado Front Range: Hydrological Processes, v. 28, no. 1, p. 74-85, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.9549.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"74","endPage":"85","ipdsId":"IP-033806","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":372182,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Colorado Front Range, Gordon Gulch","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.51681518554688,\n 40.005001798743315\n ],\n [\n -105.43647766113281,\n 40.005001798743315\n ],\n [\n -105.43647766113281,\n 40.0517964064166\n ],\n [\n -105.51681518554688,\n 40.0517964064166\n ],\n [\n -105.51681518554688,\n 40.005001798743315\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-10-17","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hinckley, Eve-Lyn S.","contributorId":181894,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hinckley","given":"Eve-Lyn","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":781887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ebel, Brian A. 0000-0002-5413-3963 bebel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5413-3963","contributorId":2557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebel","given":"Brian","email":"bebel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":781888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barnes, R. T.","contributorId":181895,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barnes","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":781889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anderson, R.S","contributorId":198358,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"R.S","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":781890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Williams, M.W.","contributorId":15565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":781891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Anderson, S.P.","contributorId":59600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":781892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70039844,"text":"sir20125065 - 2012 - Predicted nitrate and arsenic concentrations in basin-fill aquifers of the Southwestern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-30T14:29:12","indexId":"sir20125065","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5065","title":"Predicted nitrate and arsenic concentrations in basin-fill aquifers of the Southwestern United States","docAbstract":"The National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is conducting a regional analysis of water quality in the principal aquifer systems across the United States. The Southwest Principal Aquifers (SWPA) study is building a better understanding of the susceptibility and vulnerability of basin-fill aquifers in the region to groundwater contamination by synthesizing baseline knowledge of groundwater-quality conditions in 16 basins previously studied by the NAWQA Program. The improved understanding of aquifer susceptibility and vulnerability to contamination is assisting in the development of tools that water managers can use to assess and protect the quality of groundwater resources.
Human-health concerns and economic considerations associated with meeting drinking-water standards motivated a study of the vulnerability of basin-fill aquifers to nitrate contamination and arsenic enrichment in the southwestern United States. Statistical models were developed by using the random forest classifier algorithm to predict concentrations of nitrate and arsenic across a model grid that represents about 190,600 square miles of basin-fill aquifers in parts of Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah. The statistical models, referred to as classifiers, reflect natural and human-related factors that affect aquifer vulnerability to contamination and relate nitrate and arsenic concentrations to explanatory variables representing local- and basin-scale measures of source, aquifer susceptibility, and geochemical conditions. The classifiers were unbiased and fit the observed data well, and misclassifications were primarily due to statistical sampling error in the training datasets.
The classifiers were designed to predict concentrations to be in one of six classes for nitrate, and one of seven classes for arsenic. Each classification scheme allowed for identification of areas with concentrations that were equal to or exceeding the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency drinking-water standard. Whereas 2.4 percent of the area underlain by basin-fill aquifers in the study area was predicted to equal or exceed this standard for nitrate (10 milligrams per liter as N; mg/L), 42.7 percent was predicted to equal or exceed the standard for arsenic (10 micrograms per liter; μg/L). Areas predicted to equal or exceed the drinking-water standard for nitrate include basins in central Arizona near Phoenix; the San Joaquin, Inland, and San Jacinto basins of California; and the San Luis Valley of Colorado. Much of the area predicted to equal or exceed the drinking-water standard for arsenic is within a belt of basins along the western portion of the Basin and Range Physiographic Province in Nevada, California, and Arizona. Predicted nitrate and arsenic concentrations are substantially lower than the drinking-water standards in much of the study area—about 93.0 percent of the area underlain by basin-fill aquifers was less than one-half the standard for nitrate (5.0 mg/L), and 50.2 percent was less than one-half the standard for arsenic (5.0 μg/L).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125065","usgsCitation":"Anning, D.W., Paul, A.P., McKinney, T., Huntington, J.M., Bexfield, L.M., and Thiros, S.A., 2012, Predicted nitrate and arsenic concentrations in basin-fill aquifers of the Southwestern United States: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5065, Report: viii, 115 p.; Metadata; Appendices 1, 2, 8-17, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125065.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 115 p.; Metadata; Appendices 1, 2, 8-17","numberOfPages":"128","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science 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MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":332850,"rank":13,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5065/pdf/sir20125065Soil.pdf","text":"Appendix 15","size":"11 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":261753,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5065/pdf/sir20125065.pdf","size":"9.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":273232,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/ds698_SWPA_NO3_As_prediction.xml"},{"id":332842,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5065/pdf/sir20125065Appendix1and2.xlsx","text":"Appendixes 1 and 2","size":"36 MB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":332852,"rank":15,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5065/pdf/sir20125065Recharge.pdf","text":"Appendix 17","size":"9 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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Thiros, Susan A. 0000-0002-8544-553X sthiros@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8544-553X","contributorId":965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thiros","given":"Susan","email":"sthiros@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70039841,"text":"ds697 - 2012 - Digital spatial data for observed, predicted, and misclassification errors for observations in the training dataset for nitrate and arsenic concentrations in basin-fill aquifers in the Southwest Principal Aquifers study area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-20T12:17:59","indexId":"ds697","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"697","title":"Digital spatial data for observed, predicted, and misclassification errors for observations in the training dataset for nitrate and arsenic concentrations in basin-fill aquifers in the Southwest Principal Aquifers study area","docAbstract":"This product \"Digital spatial data for observed, predicted, and misclassification errors for observations in the training dataset for nitrate and arsenic concentrations in basin-fill aquifers in the Southwest Principal Aquifers study area\" is a 1:250,000-scale point spatial dataset developed as part of a regional Southwest Principal Aquifers (SWPA) study (Anning and others, 2012). The study examined the vulnerability of basin-fill aquifers in the southwestern United States to nitrate contamination and arsenic enrichment. Statistical models were developed by using the random forest classifier algorithm to predict concentrations of nitrate and arsenic across a model grid that represents local- and basin-scale measures of source, aquifer susceptibility, and geochemical conditions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds697","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"McKinney, T., and Anning, D.W., 2012, Digital spatial data for observed, predicted, and misclassification errors for observations in the training dataset for nitrate and arsenic concentrations in basin-fill aquifers in the Southwest Principal Aquifers study area: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 697, Report: iv, 2 p.; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds697.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 2 p.; Metadata","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":261756,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_697.jpg"},{"id":273229,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/ds697_SWPA_NO3_As_training.xml"},{"id":261748,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/697/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":261749,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/697/pdf/ds697.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.4,31.333333333333332 ], [ -124.4,43 ], [ -105,43 ], [ -105,31.333333333333332 ], [ -124.4,31.333333333333332 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a018ae4b0c8380cd4fc4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKinney, Tim S.","contributorId":66792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKinney","given":"Tim S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anning, David W. dwanning@usgs.gov","contributorId":432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anning","given":"David","email":"dwanning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70039842,"text":"ds698 - 2012 - Digital spatial data for predicted nitrate and arsenic concentrations in basin-fill aquifers of the Southwest Principal Aquifers study area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-20T12:18:45","indexId":"ds698","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"698","title":"Digital spatial data for predicted nitrate and arsenic concentrations in basin-fill aquifers of the Southwest Principal Aquifers study area","docAbstract":"This product \"Digital spatial data for predicted nitrate and arsenic concentrations in basin-fill aquifers of the Southwest Principal Aquifers study area\" is a 1:250,000-scale vector spatial dataset developed as part of a regional Southwest Principal Aquifers (SWPA) study (Anning and others, 2012). The study examined the vulnerability of basin-fill aquifers in the southwestern United States to nitrate contamination and arsenic enrichment. 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The inundation maps depict estimates of the areal extent of flooding corresponding to water levels (stages) at the following USGS streamgages: South Fork Licking River at Heath, Ohio (03145173); Raccoon Creek below Wilson Street at Newark, Ohio (03145534); North Fork Licking River at East Main Street at Newark, Ohio (03146402); and Licking River near Newark, Ohio (03146500). The maps were provided to the National Weather Service (NWS) for incorporation into a Web-based flood-warning system that can be used in conjunction with NWS flood-forecast data to show areas of predicted flood inundation associated with forecasted flood-peak stages. As part of the flood-warning streamflow network, the USGS re-installed one streamgage on North Fork Licking River, and added three new streamgages, one each on North Fork Licking River, South Fork Licking River, and Raccoon Creek. Additionally, the USGS upgraded a lake-level gage on Buckeye Lake. Data from the streamgages and lake-level gage can be used by emergency-management personnel, in conjunction with the flood-inundation maps, to help determine a course of action when flooding is imminent. Flood profiles for selected reaches were prepared by calibrating steady-state step-backwater models to selected, established streamgage rating curves. The step-backwater models then were used to determine water-surface-elevation profiles for up to 10 flood stages at a streamgage with corresponding streamflows ranging from approximately the 50 to 0.2-percent chance annual-exceedance probabilities for each of the 4 streamgages that correspond to the flood-inundation maps. The computed flood profiles were used in combination with digital elevation data to delineate flood-inundation areas. Maps of Licking County showing flood-inundation areas overlain on digital orthophotographs are presented for the selected floods. The USGS also developed an unsteady-flow model for a reach of South Fork Licking River for use by the NWS to enhance their ability to provide advanced flood warning in the region north of Buckeye Lake, Ohio. The unsteady-flow model was calibrated based on data from four flooding events that occurred from June 2008 to December 2011. Model calibration was approximate due to the fact that there were unmeasured inflows to the river that were not able to be considered during the calibration. Information on unmeasured inflow derived from NWS hydrologic models and additional flood-event data could enable the NWS to further refine the unsteady-flow model.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125137","collaboration":"39 plates (PDF and JPEG formats) available through the index page link displayed at the top of this record. Prepared in cooperation with the Ohio Department of Transportation; U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration; Muskingum Watershed Conservancy District; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service; and the City of Newark and Village of Granville, Ohio","usgsCitation":"Ostheimer, C.J., 2012, Development of a flood-warning system and flood-inundation mapping in Licking County, Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5137, vii, 13 p.; 39 Plates (PDF and JPEG format): 13 x 13 inches or smaller; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125137.","productDescription":"vii, 13 p.; 39 Plates (PDF and JPEG format): 13 x 13 inches or smaller; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science 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States","state":"Ohio","county":"Licking","city":"Newark","otherGeospatial":"Buckeye Lake;Licking River;Raccoon Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.7675,40 ], [ -82.7675,40.26777777777777 ], [ -82.18333333333334,40.26777777777777 ], [ -82.18333333333334,40 ], [ -82.7675,40 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0039e4b0c8380cd4f651","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ostheimer, Chad J. ostheime@usgs.gov","contributorId":2160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ostheimer","given":"Chad","email":"ostheime@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":467031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70039839,"text":"ofr20121178 - 2012 - Profile measurements and data from the 2011 Optics, Acoustics, and Stress In Situ (OASIS) project at the Martha's Vineyard Coastal Observatory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-09-07T17:16:30","indexId":"ofr20121178","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1178","title":"Profile measurements and data from the 2011 Optics, Acoustics, and Stress In Situ (OASIS) project at the Martha's Vineyard Coastal Observatory","docAbstract":"This report documents data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) for the Coastal Model Applications and Field Measurements project under the auspices of the U.S. Navy Office of Naval Research Optics, Acoustics, and Stress In Situ (OASIS) Project. The objective of the measurements was to relate optical and acoustic properties of suspended particles to changes in particle size, concentration, and vertical distribution in the bottom boundary layer near the seafloor caused by wave- and current-induced stresses. This information on the physics of particle resuspension and aggregation and light penetration and water clarity will help improve models of sediment transport, benthic primary productivity, and underwater visibility. There is well-established technology for acoustic profiling, but optical profiles are more difficult to obtain because of the rapid attenuation of light in water. A specially modified tripod with a moving arm was designed to solve this problem by moving instruments vertically in the bottom boundary layer, between the bottom and about 2 meters above the seafloor. The profiling arm was designed, built, and tested during spring and summer 2011 by a team of USGS scientists, engineers, and technicians. To accommodate power requirements and the large data files recorded by some of the optical instruments, the tripod was connected via underwater cable to the Martha's Vineyard Coastal Observatory, operated by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI). This afforded real-time Internet communication with the embedded computers aboard the tripod. Instruments were mounted on the profiling arm, and additional instruments were mounted elsewhere on the tripod and nearby on the seafloor. The tripod and a small mooring for a profiling current meter were deployed on September 17, 2011, at the Martha's Vineyard Coastal Observatory 12-meter-deep underwater node about 2 kilometers south of Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts. Divers assisted in the deployment and cleaned the instrument surfaces on the tripod approximately once per week until the tripod and current meter were recovered on October 23, 2011. There was a range of wave and current conditions during the 36-day deployment, including the distant passage of Hurricane Ophelia, several moderate wave events, and a significant local gale that generated wave heights greater than 4 meters at the 12-meter site and knocked over the tripod 3 days before it was recovered. All but one of the instruments functioned well and provided complete datasets. The details of these data and the location of files containing the best basic version of the data are described in this report.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121178","usgsCitation":"Sherwood, C.R., Dickhudt, P., Martini, M.A., Montgomery, E., and Boss, E.S., 2012, Profile measurements and data from the 2011 Optics, Acoustics, and Stress In Situ (OASIS) project at the Martha's Vineyard Coastal Observatory: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1178, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121178.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":261706,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1178.jpg"},{"id":261704,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1178/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":261705,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1178/title_page.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Martha's Vineyard","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -70.83333333333333,41.25 ], [ -70.83333333333333,41.5 ], [ -70.33333333333333,41.5 ], [ -70.33333333333333,41.25 ], [ -70.83333333333333,41.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8dffe4b0c8380cd7ef6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sherwood, Christopher R. 0000-0001-6135-3553 csherwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6135-3553","contributorId":2866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherwood","given":"Christopher","email":"csherwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dickhudt, Patrick J.","contributorId":48302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickhudt","given":"Patrick J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martini, Marinna A. 0000-0002-7757-5158 mmartini@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7757-5158","contributorId":2456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martini","given":"Marinna","email":"mmartini@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Montgomery, Ellyn T.","contributorId":78038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montgomery","given":"Ellyn T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Boss, Emmanuel S.","contributorId":48811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boss","given":"Emmanuel","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70039830,"text":"ofr20121104 - 2012 - Water chemistry of surface waters affected by the Fourmile Canyon wildfire, Colorado, 2010-2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-05T17:10:00","indexId":"ofr20121104","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1104","title":"Water chemistry of surface waters affected by the Fourmile Canyon wildfire, Colorado, 2010-2011","docAbstract":"In September 2010, the Fourmile Canyon fire burned about 23 percent of the Fourmile Creek watershed in Boulder County, Colo. Water-quality sampling of Fourmile Creek began within a month after the wildfire to assess its effects on surface-water chemistry. Water samples were collected from five sites along Fourmile Creek (above, within, and below the burned area) monthly during base flow, twice weekly during snowmelt runoff, and at higher frequencies during storm events. Stream discharge was also monitored. Water-quality samples were collected less frequently from an additional 6 sites on Fourmile Creek, from 11 tributaries or other inputs, and from 3 sites along Boulder Creek. The pH, electrical conductivity, temperature, specific ultraviolet absorbance, total suspended solids, and concentrations (dissolved and total) of major cations (calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium), anions (chloride, sulfate, alkalinity, fluoride, and bromide), nutrients (nitrate, ammonium, and phosphorus), trace metals (aluminum, arsenic, boron, barium, beryllium, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, mercury, lithium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, lead, rubidium, antimony, selenium, strontium, vanadium, and zinc), and dissolved organic carbon are here reported for 436 samples collected during 2010 and 2011.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121104","usgsCitation":"McCleskey, R.B., Writer, J.H., and Murphy, S.F., 2012, Water chemistry of surface waters affected by the Fourmile Canyon wildfire, Colorado, 2010-2011: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1104, iv, 11 p.; 4 Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121104.","productDescription":"iv, 11 p.; 4 Appendices","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":261700,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1104.gif"},{"id":261694,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1104/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":261695,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1104/OF12-1104.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":277520,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1104/Appendixes2-4.xlsx"},{"id":277519,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1104/Appendix1.xlsx"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Fourmile Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.43416666666667,40 ], [ -105.43416666666667,40.083333333333336 ], [ -105.3,40.083333333333336 ], [ -105.3,40 ], [ -105.43416666666667,40 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc7d1e4b08c986b32c648","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCleskey, R. Blaine 0000-0002-2521-8052 rbmccles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2521-8052","contributorId":147399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCleskey","given":"R.","email":"rbmccles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Blaine","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Writer, Jeffrey H. jwriter@usgs.gov","contributorId":1393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Writer","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jwriter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":467012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murphy, Sheila F. 0000-0002-5481-3635 sfmurphy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5481-3635","contributorId":1854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Sheila","email":"sfmurphy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":467014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70039819,"text":"sir20125150 - 2012 - Comparison of streamflow and water-quality data collection techniques for the Saginaw River, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-09-07T01:01:55","indexId":"sir20125150","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5150","title":"Comparison of streamflow and water-quality data collection techniques for the Saginaw River, Michigan","docAbstract":"In 2009, the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality and the U.S. Geological Survey developed a plan to compare the effect of various streamgaging and water-quality collection techniques on streamflow and stream water-quality data for the Saginaw River, Michigan. The Saginaw River is the primary contributor of surface runoff to Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron, draining approximately 70 percent of the Saginaw Bay watershed. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has listed the Saginaw Bay system as an \"Area of Concern\" due to many factors, including excessive sediment and nutrient concentrations in the water. Current efforts to estimate loading of sediment and nutrients to Saginaw Bay utilize water-quality samples collected using a surface-grab technique and flow data that are uncertain during specific conditions. Comparisons of current flow and water-quality sampling techniques to alternative techniques were assessed between April 2009 and September 2009 at two locations in the Saginaw River. Streamflow estimated using acoustic Doppler current profiling technology was compared to a traditional stage-discharge technique. Complex conditions resulting from the influence of Saginaw Bay on the Saginaw River were able to be captured using the acoustic technology, while the traditional stage-discharge technique failed to quantify these effects. Water-quality samples were collected at two locations and on eight different dates, utilizing both surface-grab and depth-integrating multiple-vertical techniques. Sixteen paired samples were collected and analyzed for suspended sediment, turbidity, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, orthophosphate, nitrite, nitrate, and ammonia. Results indicate that concentrations of constituents associated with suspended material, such as suspended sediment, turbidity, and total phosphorus, are underestimated when samples are collected using the surface-grab technique. The median magnitude of the relative percent difference in concentration based on sampling technique was 37 percent for suspended sediment, 26 percent for turbidity, and 9.7 percent for total phosphorus samples collected at both. Acoustic techniques were also used to assist in the determination of the effectiveness of using acoustic-backscatter information for estimating the suspended-sediment concentration of the river water. Backscatter data was collected by use of an acoustic Doppler current profiler, and a Van Dorn manual sampler was simultaneously used to collect discrete water samples at 10 depths (3.5, 7.5, 11, 14, 15.5, 17.5, 19.5, 20.5, 22, and 24.5 ft below the water surface) along two vertical profiles near the center of the Saginaw River near Bay City. The Van Dorn samples were analyzed for suspended-sediment concentrations, and these data were then used to develop a relationship between acoustic-backscatter data. Acoustic-backscatter data was strongly correlated to sediment concentrations and, by using a linear regression, was able to explain 89 percent of the variability. Although this regression technique showed promise for using acoustic backscatter to estimate suspended-sediment concentration, attempts to compare suspended-sediment concentrations to the acoustic signal-to-noise ratio estimates, recorded at the fixed acoustic streamflow-gaging station near Bay City (04157061), resulted in a poor correlation.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125150","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Hoard, C.J., Holtschlag, D., Duris, J., James, D., and Obenauer, D., 2012, Comparison of streamflow and water-quality data collection techniques for the Saginaw River, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5150, vi, 28 p.; col. ill.; maps (col.), https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125150.","productDescription":"vi, 28 p.; col. ill.; maps (col.)","startPage":"i","endPage":"28","numberOfPages":"38","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":260246,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2012_5150.gif"},{"id":260245,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5150/pdf/SIR2012-5150.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":260244,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5150/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Saginaw River","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f892e4b0c8380cd4d1c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoard, C. J.","contributorId":37436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoard","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holtschlag, D. J. 0000-0001-5185-4928","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-4928","contributorId":102493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holtschlag","given":"D. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duris, J.W.","contributorId":62835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duris","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"James, D.A.","contributorId":108225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Obenauer, D.J.","contributorId":50768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Obenauer","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70041445,"text":"70041445 - 2012 - 2011 Georgiana Slough non-physical barrier performance evaluation project report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-10T16:00:46.568563","indexId":"70041445","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-05T02:30:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"2011 Georgiana Slough non-physical barrier performance evaluation project report","docAbstract":"The Sacramento River and its tributaries support populations of anadromous fish species including winter-run, spring-run, fall-run, and late fall–run Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha); and steelhead (O. mykiss). Several of these species are listed as threatened or endangered under the California Endangered Species Act (CESA), federal Endangered Species Act (ESA), or both. These species spawn and rear in Sacramento River tributaries; adults use the mainstem Sacramento River for primarily upstream migration and juveniles use it for downstream migration. Juvenile Chinook salmon and steelhead migrate through the lower river during winter and spring. During their downstream migration, juvenile salmonids encounter alternative pathways, such as Sutter and Steamboat Sloughs, the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta (Delta), Delta Cross Channel (DCC), and Georgiana Slough. Likewise, sturgeon juveniles migrate downstream in the Sacramento River basin to the Delta, utilizing the distributary channels to rear within and migrate through the system.
\nGeorgiana Slough is a natural channel that allows water and fish to move into the interior Delta. Previous studies have demonstrated that juvenile Chinook salmon experience greater mortality when migrating into Georgiana Slough than those juveniles that continue to migrate downstream in the Sacramento River (Perry 2010). Movement and/or diversion of these fish into the interior and south Delta increases the likelihood of losses through predation, entrainment into non-project Delta diversions, and mortality associated with the State Water Project (SWP) and Central Valley Project (CVP) pumping facilities in the south Delta (Perry 2010; NMFS 2009). Figure ES-1 shows the migration pathways in the lower Sacramento River and Delta for outmigrating anadromous salmonids, and the location of the DCC, and the SWP and CVP pumping facilities in the south Delta.
\nPassage of juvenile salmonids from the Sacramento River into the interior Delta through the DCC can be reduced through seasonal closure of the radial gates (February through May); however, no similar protection is available to reduce the movement of juvenile salmonids from the Sacramento River into the interior Delta through Georgiana Slough. Flows into Georgiana Slough improve water quality and flushing in the interior Delta and free access encourages use by recreational boaters. Because of these benefits, alternatives to the installation of a physical barrier (i.e. radial gates), are being investigated.
\nUnder the ESA, the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) issued the 2009 Biological and Conference Opinion for the Long‐Term Operations of the Central Valley Project and State Water Project (BO) for Chinook salmon and other listed anadromous fish species (NMFS 2009). Reasonable and Prudent Alternative (RPA) Action IV.1.3 of the BO requires the California Department of Water Resources (DWR) and the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) to consider engineering solutions to reduce the diversion of juvenile salmonids from the Sacramento River into the interior and south Delta. DWR implemented the 2011 Georgiana Slough NonPhysical Barrier (GSNPB) Study to test the effectiveness of using a non-physical barrier, referred to as a behavioral Bio-Acoustic Fish Fence (BAFF), that combines three stimuli to deter juvenile Chinook salmon from entering Georgiana Slough: sound, high-intensity modulated light (previously known as stroboscopic light), and a bubble curtain. This report presents the results of the experimental tests conducted in 2011.
","language":"English","publisher":"California Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Reeves, R.R., McQuirk, J., Ameri, K., Perry, R.W., Romine, J.G., Liedtke, T.L., Burau, J.R., Blake, A.R., Fitzer, C., Smith, N., Pagliughi, S., Johnston, S., Kumagai, K., and Cash, K., 2012, 2011 Georgiana Slough non-physical barrier performance evaluation project report, 228 p.","productDescription":"228 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-037369","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320940,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":320939,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://data.ca.gov/dataset/2011-and-2012-georgiana-slough-non-physical-barrier-performance-evaluation-gsnpb-11_legacy_repo/resource/a0f2e749-df6b-4690-82ca-ee287750479a"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Georgiana Slough, Sacramento River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.76010131835938,\n 37.95286091815649\n ],\n [\n -121.76010131835938,\n 38.34704152882895\n ],\n [\n -121.4154052734375,\n 38.34704152882895\n ],\n [\n -121.4154052734375,\n 37.95286091815649\n ],\n [\n -121.76010131835938,\n 37.95286091815649\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","tableOfContents":"ES EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
\nES.1 Introduction
\nES.2 Study Purpose, Objectives, and Overview
\nES.3 Study Results and Findings
\nES.4 Study Conclusions
\nES.5 Recommendations and Future Directions
\n1 INTRODUCTION
\n1.1 Background
\n1.1 Study Purpose, Objectives, and Overview
\n2 STUDY APPROACH AND METHODS
\n2.1 Overview of Experimental Design
\n2.2 Hypothesis Testing
\n2.3 Statistical Basis and Fish Sample Sizes for the Experimental Design
\n2.4 Experiment Implementation
\n2.5 Monitoring and Data Collection
\n2.6 Experimental Barrier Operations
\n2.7 Statistical Analysis of Barrier Efficiency and Variables Affecting Fish Fates
\n3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
\n3.1 Environmental Conditions
\n3.2 Fish Transport, Tagging, and Release
\n3.3 Barrier Operations
\n3.4 Barrier Deterrence, Protection, and Overall Efficiency
\n3.5 Generalized Linear Model
\n3.6 Survival and Route Entrainment Probabilities
\n3.7 Predation
\n4 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS
\n4.1 Study Findings
\n4.2 Study Conclusions
\n5 RECOMMENDATIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
\n6 REFERENCES
\n","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5729cbaae4b0b13d3919a2d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reeves, Ryan R. rreeves@usgs.gov","contributorId":4993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeves","given":"Ryan","email":"rreeves@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":628653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McQuirk, Jacob","contributorId":169143,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McQuirk","given":"Jacob","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ameri, Khalid","contributorId":169144,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ameri","given":"Khalid","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Perry, Russell W. 0000-0003-4110-8619 rperry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4110-8619","contributorId":2820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Russell","email":"rperry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Romine, Jason G. 0000-0002-6938-1185 jromine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6938-1185","contributorId":2823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romine","given":"Jason","email":"jromine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Liedtke, Theresa L. 0000-0001-6063-9867 tliedtke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6063-9867","contributorId":2999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liedtke","given":"Theresa","email":"tliedtke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Burau, Jon R. 0000-0002-5196-5035 jrburau@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5196-5035","contributorId":1500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burau","given":"Jon","email":"jrburau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Blake, Aaron R. 0000-0001-7348-2336 ablake@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7348-2336","contributorId":5059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blake","given":"Aaron","email":"ablake@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":628660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Fitzer, Chris","contributorId":169147,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fitzer","given":"Chris","affiliations":[{"id":13386,"text":"AECOM","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":628661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Smith, Natalie","contributorId":169145,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Natalie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13386,"text":"AECOM","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":628662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Pagliughi, Steve","contributorId":169146,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pagliughi","given":"Steve","affiliations":[{"id":13386,"text":"AECOM","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":628663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Johnston, Sam","contributorId":169148,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnston","given":"Sam","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Kumagai, Kevin","contributorId":169149,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kumagai","given":"Kevin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Cash, Kenneth","contributorId":169150,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cash","given":"Kenneth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":628666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70039809,"text":"ofr20121102 - 2012 - Groundwater, surface-water, and water-chemistry data, Black Mesa area, northeastern Arizona - 2010-2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-09-06T01:02:24","indexId":"ofr20121102","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1102","title":"Groundwater, surface-water, and water-chemistry data, Black Mesa area, northeastern Arizona - 2010-2011","docAbstract":"The Navajo (N) aquifer is an extensive aquifer and the primary source of groundwater in the 5,400-square-mile Black Mesa area in northeastern Arizona. Availability of water is an important issue in northeastern Arizona because of continued water requirements for industrial and municipal use by a growing population and because of low precipitation in the arid climate of the Black Mesa area. Precipitation in the area is typically between 6 to 14 inches per year. The U.S. Geological Survey water-monitoring program in the Black Mesa area began in 1971 and provides information about the long-term effects of groundwater withdrawals from the N aquifer for industrial and municipal uses. This report presents results of data collected as part of the monitoring program in the Black Mesa area from January 2010 to September 2011. The monitoring program includes measurements of (1) groundwater withdrawals, (2) groundwater levels, (3) spring discharge, (4) surface-water discharge, and (5) groundwater chemistry. In 2010, total groundwater withdrawals were 4,040 acre-ft, industrial withdrawals were 1,170 acre-ft, and municipal withdrawals were 2,870 acre-ft. Total withdrawals during 2010 were about 42 percent less than total withdrawals in 2005 because of Peabody Western Coal Company's discontinued use of water to transport coal in a slurry. From 2009 to 2010 total withdrawals decreased by 5 percent; industrial withdrawals decreased by approximately 16 percent, and total municipal withdrawals increased by 1 percent. From 2010 to 2011, annually measured water levels in the Black Mesa area declined in 7 of 15 wells that were available for comparison in the unconfined areas of the N aquifer, and the median change was 0.0 foot. Water levels declined in 11 of 18 wells measured in the confined area of the aquifer. The median change for the confined area of the aquifer was -0.7 foot. From the prestress period (prior to 1965) to 2011, the median water-level change for 33 wells in both the confined and unconfined areas was -15.0 feet. Also, from the prestress period to 2011, the median water-level changes were -1.2 foot for 15 wells measured in the unconfined areas and -41.2 feet for 18 wells measured in the confined area. Spring flow was measured at three springs in 2011. Flow fluctuated during the period of record, but a decreasing trend was apparent at Moenkopi School Spring and Pasture Canyon Spring. Discharge at Burro Spring has remained relatively constant since it was first measured in the 1980s. Continuous records of surface-water discharge in the Black Mesa area were collected from streamflow-gaging stations at the following sites: Moenkopi Wash at Moenkopi 09401260 (1976 to 2010), Dinnebito Wash near Sand Springs 09401110 (1993 to 2010), Polacca Wash near Second Mesa 09400568 (1994 to 2010), and Pasture Canyon Springs 09401265 (2004 to 2010). Median winter flows (November through February) of each water year were used as an index of the amount of groundwater discharge at the above-named sites. For the period of record of each streamflow-gaging station, the median winter flows have generally remained constant, which suggests no change in groundwater discharge. In 2011, water samples collected from 11 wells and 4 springs in the Black Mesa area were analyzed for selected chemical constituents, and the results were compared with previous analyses. Concentrations of dissolved solids, chloride, and sulfate have varied at all 11 wells for the period of record, but neither increasing nor decreasing trends over time were found. Dissolved-solids, chloride, and sulfate concentrations increased at Moenkopi School Spring during the more than 12 years of record at that site. Concentrations of dissolved solids, chloride, and sulfate at Pasture Canyon Spring have not varied much since the early 1980s, and there is no increasing or decreasing trend in those data. Concentrations of dissolved solids, chloride, and sulfate at Burro Spring and Unnamed Spring near Dennehotso have varied for the period of record, but there is no increasing or decreasing trend in the data.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121102","usgsCitation":"Macy, J.P., Brown, C.R., and Anderson, J., 2012, Groundwater, surface-water, and water-chemistry data, Black Mesa area, northeastern Arizona - 2010-2011: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1102, viii, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121102.","productDescription":"viii, 41 p.","numberOfPages":"50","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":260175,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2012_1102.gif"},{"id":260165,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1102/of2012-1102.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":260163,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1102/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic projection","country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Black Mesa","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.5,35.5 ], [ -111.5,37 ], [ -109.5,37 ], [ -109.5,35.5 ], [ -111.5,35.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2dc6e4b0c8380cd5c009","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Macy, Jamie P. 0000-0003-3443-0079 jpmacy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3443-0079","contributorId":2173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macy","given":"Jamie","email":"jpmacy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, Christopher R. crbrown@usgs.gov","contributorId":4751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Christopher","email":"crbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":466972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Jessica R.","contributorId":58132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Jessica R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70039806,"text":"70039806 - 2012 - Potential pollutant sources in a Choptank River (USA) subwatershed and the influence of land use and watershed characteristics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-09-07T17:16:30","indexId":"70039806","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential pollutant sources in a Choptank River (USA) subwatershed and the influence of land use and watershed characteristics","docAbstract":"Row-crop and poultry production have been implicated as sources of water pollution along the Choptank River, an estuary and tributary of the Chesapeake Bay. This study examined the effects of land use, subwatershed characteristics, and climatic conditions on the water quality parameters of a subwatershed in the Choptank River watershed. The catchments within the subwatershed were defined using advanced remotely-sensed data and current geographic information system processing techniques. Water and sediment samples were collected in May–October 2009 and April–June 2010 under mostly baseflow conditions and analyzed for select bacteria, nitrate-N, ammonium-N, total arsenic, total phosphorus (TP), orthophosphate (ortho-P), and particle-phase phosphorus (PP); n = 96 for all analytes except for arsenic, n = 136, and for bacteria, n = 89 (aqueous) and 62 (sediment). Detections of Enterococci and Escherichia coli concentrations were ubiquitous in this subwatershed and showed no correlation to location or land use, however larger bacterial counts were observed shortly after precipitation. Nitrate-N concentrations were not correlated with agricultural lands, which may reflect the small change in percent agriculture and/or the similarity of agronomic practices and crops produced between catchments. Concentration data suggested that ammonia emission and possible deposition to surface waters occurred and that these processes may be influenced by local agronomic practices and climatic conditions. The negative correlation of PP and arsenic concentrations with percent forest was explained by the stronger signal of the head waters and overland flow of particulate phase analytes versus dissolved phase inputs from groundwater. Service roadways at some poultry production facilities were found to redirect runoff from the facilities to neighboring catchment areas, which affected water quality parameters. Results suggest that in this subwatershed, catchments with poultry production facilities are possible sources for arsenic and PP as compared to catchment areas where these facilities were not present.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of the Total Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.03.056","usgsCitation":"Nino de Guzman, G.T., Hapeman, C.J., Prabhakara, K., Codling, E.E., Shelton, D.R., Rice, C.P., Hively, W., McCarty, G.W., Lang, M., and Torrents, A., 2012, Potential pollutant sources in a Choptank River (USA) subwatershed and the influence of land use and watershed characteristics: Science of the Total Environment, v. 430, p. 270-279, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.03.056.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"270","endPage":"279","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":260179,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.03.056","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":260187,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Choptank River","volume":"430","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7f52e4b0c8380cd7aa76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nino de Guzman, Gabriela T.","contributorId":44785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nino de Guzman","given":"Gabriela","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hapeman, Cathleen J.","contributorId":63154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hapeman","given":"Cathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prabhakara, Kusuma","contributorId":6313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prabhakara","given":"Kusuma","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Codling, Eton E.","contributorId":18616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Codling","given":"Eton","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shelton, Daniel R.","contributorId":66112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelton","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rice, Clifford P.","contributorId":56594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Clifford","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hively, W. Dean 0000-0002-5383-8064","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5383-8064","contributorId":9391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hively","given":"W. Dean","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McCarty, Gregory W.","contributorId":78861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarty","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lang, Megan W.","contributorId":58014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lang","given":"Megan W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Torrents, Alba","contributorId":94906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torrents","given":"Alba","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70039805,"text":"ofr20121154 - 2012 - Landscape consequences of natural gas extraction in Bradford and Washington Counties, Pennsylvania, 2004-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-19T17:19:54","indexId":"ofr20121154","displayToPublicDate":"2012-09-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1154","title":"Landscape consequences of natural gas extraction in Bradford and Washington Counties, Pennsylvania, 2004-2010","docAbstract":"
Increased demands for cleaner burning energy, coupled with the relatively recent technological advances in accessing unconventional hydrocarbon-rich geologic formations, led to an intense effort to find and extract natural gas from various underground sources around the country. One of these sources, the Marcellus Shale, located in the Allegheny Plateau, is undergoing extensive drilling and production. The technology used to extract gas in the Marcellus Shale is known as hydraulic fracturing and has garnered much attention because of its use of large amounts of fresh water, its use of proprietary fluids for the hydraulic-fracturing process, its potential to release contaminants into the environment, and its potential effect on water resources. Nonetheless, development of natural gas extraction wells in the Marcellus Shale is only part of the overall natural gas story in the area of Pennsylvania. Coalbed methane, which is sometimes extracted using the same technique, is often located in the same general area as the Marcellus Shale and is frequently developed in clusters across the landscape. The combined effects of these two natural gas extraction methods create potentially serious patterns of disturbance on the landscape. This document quantifies the landscape changes and consequences of natural gas extraction for Bradford County and Washington County, Pennsylvania, between 2004 and 2010. Patterns of landscape disturbance related to natural gas extraction activities were collected and digitized using National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) imagery for 2004, 2005/2006, 2008, and 2010. The disturbance patterns were then used to measure changes in land cover and land use using the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) of 2001. A series of landscape metrics is used to quantify these changes and are included in this publication.
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