We compared near-fault velocity spectra recorded during laboratory experiments to that of natural earthquakes. We fractured crystalline rock samples at room temperature and intermediate confining pressure (50 MPa). Subsequent slip events were generated on the fracture surfaces under higher confinement (300 MPa). Velocity spectra from rock fracture resemble the inverse frequency (1/f) decay of natural earthquake velocity. This spectrum can be attributed to fault creation via seismic fracturing over a wide range of spatial scales. In contrast, subsequent slips on the rough fracture surfaces are depleted in high frequency energy and falloff approximately as 1/f2. The 1/f2 spectrum is more consistent with a slider-block model obeying static-kinetic friction than a natural earthquake. The depleted high frequency content precludes the rough fault experiments from being directly analogous to natural sources. The suppression of high frequencies may have resulted from two possible factors: (1) the presence of a well-developed shear zone and coseismic damping of the fault motion by dissipation within it or, in our favored interpretation, (2) a smaller amount of energy dissipated by shearing relative to the total energy release at elevated confining pressure. In context of the latter explanation, a unifying concept that applies to these experiments, earthquakes, ground motion, and models of complex radiated motion is that high frequency radiated energy is relatively enhanced when total energy release is nearly balanced within the source region by dissipative processes. This near-critical energy release condition can be accessed at low normal stress in laboratory experiments.
Effects of ambient decreases in N deposition on forest N cycling remain unclear as soils recover from acidic deposition. To investigate, repeated soil sampling data were related to deposition, vegetation, and stream data, for 2000–2015 in North and South Buck Creek watersheds, in the Adirondack region of New York, USA. In 63 other Adirondack streams, NO3− concentrations were also compared between 2004–2005 and 2014–2015, and a link between soil calcium and stream NO3− was investigated using data from 387 Adirondack streams that were sampled in either 2003–2005 or 2010–2011. No trends in N export or NO3− concentrations were observed in either Buck watershed despite a 45% decrease in N deposition, although South Buck N export was 2 to 3 times higher than in North Buck, where 48% of deposited N was accounted for by accumulation in the upper soil. In marked contrast, the upper profile in South Buck showed a net loss of N. Increased decomposition appeared likely in South Buck as those soils are adjusted to lower levels of acidifying S deposition, whereas decomposition increases in North Buck were likely suppressed by high levels of natural organic acidity. Stream NO3− concentrations in Buck watersheds bracketed regional results and were consistent with the regional streams that showed no overall change in NO3− concentrations between 2004 and 2014. A negative correlation observed between NO3− concentration and watershed buffering capacity expressed as the ratio of Ca2+ to SO42− also suggested that stream NO3− concentrations were elevated where soil Ca depletion had occurred.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2019JG005036","usgsCitation":"Lawrence, G.B., Scanga, S.E., and Sabo, R.D., 2020, Recovery of soils from acidic deposition may exacerbate nitrogen export from forested watersheds: JGR: Biogeosciences, v. 125, no. 1, e2019JG005036, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JG005036.","productDescription":"e2019JG005036, 18 p.","ipdsId":"IP-098501","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":458577,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2019jg005036","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":383143,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"125","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-01-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lawrence, Gregory B. 0000-0002-8035-2350 glawrenc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-2350","contributorId":867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"Gregory","email":"glawrenc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":810061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scanga, Sara E. 0000-0003-4022-4167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4022-4167","contributorId":178227,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scanga","given":"Sara","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":28019,"text":"Deptartment of Biology, Utica College","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sabo, Robert D. 0000-0001-8713-7699","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8713-7699","contributorId":178226,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sabo","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":13479,"text":"University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Appalachian Laboratory, 301 Braddock Road, Frostburg, Maryland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70206282,"text":"70206282 - 2020 - Plant community establishment in a coastal marsh restored using sediment additions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-14T12:04:29.011341","indexId":"70206282","displayToPublicDate":"2019-10-23T13:26:33","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Plant community establishment in a coastal marsh restored using sediment additions","docAbstract":"A goal of wetland restoration is the establishment of resilient plant communities that persist under a variety of environmental conditions. We investigated the role of intraspecific and interspecific variation on plant community establishment in a brackish marsh that had been restored by sediment addition. Plant growth, sediment accretion, and surface elevation change in planted, not-planted, and nearby reference sites (treatments) were compared. Four perennial macrophytes were planted: Bolboschoenus robustus, Distichlis spicata, Phragmites australis, and Schoenoplectus californicus. There was 100% survival of the planted species, and all exhibited rapid vegetative spread. Intraspecific variation in stem height and cover was identified, and interspecific comparisons also indicated differences in species cover. Treatment comparisons revealed that final total cover at not-planted sites was equivalent to that at reference sites, and was highest at planted sites where P. australis became dominant. Species richness was initially highest at the reference sites, but final richness was equivalent among treatments. Soil surface elevation was greater at planted compared to not-planted and reference sites. Because of the rapid cover and increased surface elevation generated by planted species, the resiliency of restored coastal marshes may be enhanced by plantings in areas where natural colonization is slow and subsidence is high.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s13157-019-01217-z","usgsCitation":"Howard, R., Rafferty, P.S., and Johnson, D.J., 2020, Plant community establishment in a coastal marsh restored using sediment additions: Wetlands, v. 40, p. 877-892, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-019-01217-z.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"877","endPage":"892","ipdsId":"IP-109021","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":458581,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-019-01217-z","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":368713,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":379340,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9VGVX76","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Plant community establishment in a coastal marsh restored using sediment additions, Barataria Basin, Louisiana"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Barataria Basin, Bayou Dupont","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.20050048828125,\n 29.60510327870869\n ],\n [\n -90.05252838134766,\n 29.60510327870869\n ],\n [\n -90.05252838134766,\n 29.750667073428268\n ],\n [\n -90.20050048828125,\n 29.750667073428268\n ],\n [\n -90.20050048828125,\n 29.60510327870869\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"40","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-10-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howard, Rebecca 0000-0001-7264-4364","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7264-4364","contributorId":220082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Rebecca","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":774066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rafferty, Patricia S.","contributorId":220083,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rafferty","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":774067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Darren J. 0000-0002-0502-6045","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0502-6045","contributorId":220084,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Darren","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":27063,"text":"Cherokee Nations Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":774068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70208058,"text":"70208058 - 2020 - Plate boundary localization, slip-rates and rupture segmentation of the Queen Charlotte Fault based on submarine tectonic geomorphology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-08T16:57:08.69022","indexId":"70208058","displayToPublicDate":"2019-10-23T07:00:51","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Plate boundary localization, slip-rates and rupture segmentation of the Queen Charlotte Fault based on submarine tectonic geomorphology","docAbstract":"Linking fault behavior over many earthquake cycles to individual earthquake behavior is a primary goal in tectonic geomorphology, particularly across an entire plate boundary. Here, we examine the 1150-km-long, right-lateral Queen Charlotte-Fairweather fault system using comprehensive multibeam bathymetry data acquired along the Queen Charlotte Fault (QCF) offshore southeastern Alaska and western British Columbia. Fine-scale analysis of tectonic geomorphology allowed us to identify and reconstruct 184 strike-slip piercing points over a 630 km stretch of the QCF. Age constraints from glacial recession and offshore sedimentation patterns yield a consistent slip-rate of ∼50–57 mm/yr since ∼17–12 ka, the fastest rate for a continent-ocean strike-slip fault on Earth. These slip-rates equal or exceed estimates of Pacific-North America (PA-NA) relative motion from global plate reconstructions, indicating that PA-NA motion is highly localized. The QCF cuts the seafloor along a narrow and unusually straight trace for its entire length and multiple fault traces are observed only at local step-overs. The geometry and behavior of the QCF over many earthquake cycles is simple and typical of mature faults with relatively homogeneous stress fields. Since the QCF is the primary PA-NA plate boundary, we used the trace of the QCF to define the small circle path for relative plate motion and computed the associated Euler pole. Predicted along-strike obliquity variations based on the new pole agree with observed tectonic geomorphology and suggest that previous global plate reconstructions overestimated the degree of oblique convergence along the QCF. We also find that subtle, long-wavelength (75–150 km) bends and discrete step-overs appear to define the endpoints of M>7 earthquakes, suggesting that obliquity and resultant fault geometry may control rupture segmentation and asperity development. Lastly, the agreement between predicted obliquity and tectonic geomorphology along the entire length of QCF compelled a reevaluation of regional tectonic models. In the north, the eastern Yakatat Terrane appears to be translating northwest with the Pacific plate, and slip transferred from the QCF to the Fairweather Fault results in ∼20 mm/yr of convergence along the southern St. Elias mountains. In the south, we predict a reduced rate of convergence along the QCF west of Haida Gwaii (∼5–6 mm/yr of shortening, on average) relative to previous studies. Our results support a model for transpression and strike-slip partitioning along the edge of a hot and weak Pacific Plate, leading to crustal thickening and growth of the Queen Charlotte Terrace to the west of Haida Gwaii.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2019.115882","usgsCitation":"Brothers, D.S., Miller, N.C., Barrie, V., Haeussler, P., Greene, H.G., Andrews, B.D., Zielke, O., and Dartnell, P., 2020, Plate boundary localization, slip-rates and rupture segmentation of the Queen Charlotte Fault based on submarine tectonic geomorphology: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, no. 530, 115882, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2019.115882.","productDescription":"115882, 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-112239","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":458583,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2019.115882","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":371553,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska, British Columbia","otherGeospatial":"Queen Charlotte fault","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -133.4951629472878,\n 51.22355291983479\n ],\n [\n -128.93798737425547,\n 52.061072194022785\n ],\n [\n -134.9579573372683,\n 59.85011582268859\n ],\n [\n -142.21165991313777,\n 60.39645421234209\n ],\n [\n -133.4951629472878,\n 51.22355291983479\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","issue":"530","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brothers, Daniel S. 0000-0001-7702-157X dbrothers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7702-157X","contributorId":221807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brothers","given":"Daniel","email":"dbrothers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":780295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Nathaniel C. 0000-0003-3271-2929 ncmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3271-2929","contributorId":174592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Nathaniel","email":"ncmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":780296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barrie, Vaughn 0000-0001-9742-4325","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9742-4325","contributorId":221808,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barrie","given":"Vaughn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40433,"text":"NRCAN","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":780297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":219956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter J.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":780298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Greene, H. Gary","contributorId":208568,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Greene","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"Gary","affiliations":[{"id":6751,"text":"Moss Landing Marine Laboratories","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":780299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Andrews, Brian D. 0000-0003-1024-9400 bandrews@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1024-9400","contributorId":201662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"Brian","email":"bandrews@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":780300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zielke, Olaf 0000-0002-4797-0034","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4797-0034","contributorId":221809,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zielke","given":"Olaf","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24561,"text":"KAUST","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":780301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dartnell, Peter 0000-0002-9554-729X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9554-729X","contributorId":208208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dartnell","given":"Peter","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":780302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70236855,"text":"70236855 - 2020 - Highlights of a cursory study of behavior of three instrumented buildings during the Mw7.1 Anchorage, Alaska, earthquake of November 30, 2018","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-20T11:47:52.692808","indexId":"70236855","displayToPublicDate":"2019-10-23T06:43:39","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Highlights of a cursory study of behavior of three instrumented buildings during the Mw7.1 Anchorage, Alaska, earthquake of November 30, 2018","docAbstract":"This is a cursory study of the recorded responses of three buildings instrumented by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in Anchorage, Alaska, during the
Predicting distributions is fundamental to ecology, yet hindered by spatially restricted sampling, scale-dependent relationships and detection error associated with field surveys. Predictive species distribution models (SDMs) are nonetheless vital for conservation of many species. We developed a framework for building predictive SDMs with multi-scale data and used it to develop range-wide breeding-season SDMs for 14 marsh bird species of concern.
USA.
We built SDMs using data from range-wide surveys conducted over 14 years, and habitat and disturbance covariates measured at multiple spatial scales. We built hierarchical occupancy models that included heterogeneity in detectability during sampling, and used Bayesian model selection to regulate model complexity (covariates and scales) based explicitly on spatial predictive abilities. We thus integrated model selection for optimizing out-of-sample prediction, range-wide sampling over broad conditions, multi-scale analyses and scale optimization, and species-specific detectability for a suite of wide-ranging species.
Distributions of marsh birds were affected by local wetland conditions, but also by agricultural, urban and hydrologic disturbances operating from local scales (100–500 m) to the watershed level. Variables measuring human disturbances improved prediction for most species, and every species was affected by attributes at >1 scale. Five species showed evidence for continental-scale range contraction during the study.
We demonstrate how hierarchical occupancy models can be optimized for prediction across a species' range at the extent of a continent while also accounting for imperfect detection, and thus describe a generalizable approach that can be used for any species. We provide the first data-driven, empirical SDMs built at the range-wide extent for most of our 14 study species and demonstrate that previous studies focused on local distributions and the effects of fine-scale wetland vegetation missed important broadscale drivers of occupancy for marsh birds.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/ddi.12995","usgsCitation":"Stevens, B.S., and Conway, C.J., 2020, Predictive multi-scale occupancy models at range-wide extents: Effects of habitat and human disturbance on distributions of wetland birds: Diversity and Distributions, v. 26, no. 1, p. 34-48, https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12995.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"34","endPage":"48","ipdsId":"IP-105638","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":458587,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12995","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":389474,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-10-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stevens, Bryan S.","contributorId":171809,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stevens","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":823459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conway, Courtney J. 0000-0003-0492-2953 cconway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0492-2953","contributorId":2951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"Courtney","email":"cconway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":823458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70215321,"text":"70215321 - 2020 - Anthropogenic land‐use change intensifies the effect of low flows on stream fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-16T14:37:38.372809","indexId":"70215321","displayToPublicDate":"2019-10-20T09:25:01","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2163,"text":"Journal of Applied Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Anthropogenic land‐use change intensifies the effect of low flows on stream fishes","docAbstract":"A century ago, two Americans, Henry Stephens Washington and Frank Alvord Perret, made significant contributions to the geology, petrology, and volcanology of Italy, in particular to those volcanoes in the Naples area, Vesuvius, Campi Flegrei (Phlegraean Fields), and the Island of Ischia. Both were from the eastern United States, both were born in 1867, and both studied physics as undergraduates. However, each man followed a different scientific path and approach in his volcanological studies. Washington was classically trained and more interested in rock chemistry, mineralogy, and petrogenesis. Perret was a gifted inventor, worked in Edison's laboratory, established his own company, and was a keen observer of volcanic phenomena and processes; today he would be called a “physical volcanologist” Each man published classic works on Italian volcanoes, The Roman Comagmatic Region (Washington, 1906) and The Vesuvius Eruption of 1906 (Perret, 1924); both were published by the Carnegie Institution of Washington. However, both men had cosmopolitan tastes for other volcanoes, and they traveled widely and made significant contributions to the knowledge of other volcanic areas.
The following two sections present, albeit briefly, their work, significance, and influence to Italian volcanism with emphasis on those volcanoes in the Naples area.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Vesuvius, Campi Flegrei, and Campanian Volcanism","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-816454-9.00002-X","isbn":"9780128164549","usgsCitation":"Belkin, H.E., and Gidwitz, T., 2020, The contributions and influence of two Americans, Henry S. Washington and Frank A. Perret, to the study of Italian volcanism with emphasis on volcanoes in the Naples area, chap. 2 of Vesuvius, Campi Flegrei, and Campanian Volcanism, p. 9-32, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-816454-9.00002-X.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"9","endPage":"32","ipdsId":"IP-103762","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":369863,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Italy","otherGeospatial":"Naples","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 13.903198242187498,\n 40.49500373230525\n ],\n [\n 15.227050781249998,\n 40.49500373230525\n ],\n [\n 15.227050781249998,\n 41.09384217129622\n ],\n [\n 13.903198242187498,\n 41.09384217129622\n ],\n [\n 13.903198242187498,\n 40.49500373230525\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belkin, Harvey E. 0000-0001-7879-6529","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7879-6529","contributorId":190267,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Belkin","given":"Harvey","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":764614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gidwitz, Tom","contributorId":216357,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gidwitz","given":"Tom","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":33295,"text":"independent consultant","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":764615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70227117,"text":"70227117 - 2020 - Organic pellet decomposition induces mortality of Lake Trout embryos in Yellowstone Lake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-30T16:27:22.960232","indexId":"70227117","displayToPublicDate":"2019-10-18T10:19:42","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organic pellet decomposition induces mortality of Lake Trout embryos in Yellowstone Lake","docAbstract":"Yellowstone Lake is the site of actions to suppress invasive Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush and restore native Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri and natural ecosystem function. Although gill netting is effective (Lake Trout λ ≤ 0.6 from 2012 through 2018), the effort costs more than US$2 million annually and only targets Lake Trout age 2 and older. To increase suppression efficiency, we developed an alternative method using organic (soy and wheat) pellets to increase mortality of Lake Trout embryos on spawning sites. Decomposition of pellets during two in situ experiments caused dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations to temporarily decline to lethal levels (<3.4 mg/L) within days of application. Embryo mortalities during the first exposure period (days 1–6 following application) were high at all treatment levels (1.75–28.0 kg/m2) at the substrate surface and within interstices 20 cm below the surface, varying from 97 ± 1.8% (mean ± SE) to 100 ± 0.0%, but may have been enhanced by a handling effect (exposure to sunlight). Embryo mortalities during the second exposure period (days 11–22) were highest 20 cm below the surface, varying from 78 ± 9.7% to 100 ± 0.0%. Almost all (98 ± 3.1%) Lake Trout embryos died after exposure to DO < 3.4 mg/L for >200 h during the second period. Pellets caused lethal DO for several weeks below the substrate surface, despite largely dissolving and dissipating from the surface of treated areas by day 39. Broad-scale application of pellets at 1.75 kg/m2 following the spawning period in autumn may reduce Lake Trout recruitment and enhance population suppression because the area of 14 verified spawning sites is only 11.4 ha (0.03% of lake surface area). Pellet application may be useful in other similar systems as part of an integrated pest management approach targeting multiple life stages of invasive freshwater fish.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/tafs.10208","usgsCitation":"Koel, T., Thomas, N.A., Guy, C.S., Doepke, P.D., MacDonald, D.J., Poole, A.S., Sealey, W.M., and Zale, A.V., 2020, Organic pellet decomposition induces mortality of Lake Trout embryos in Yellowstone Lake: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 149, no. 1, p. 57-70, https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10208.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"70","ipdsId":"IP-107137","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":458597,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10208","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":393651,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.60211181640624,\n 44.28158729232232\n ],\n [\n -110.15716552734375,\n 44.28158729232232\n ],\n [\n -110.15716552734375,\n 44.58068656459206\n ],\n [\n -110.60211181640624,\n 44.58068656459206\n ],\n [\n -110.60211181640624,\n 44.28158729232232\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"149","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-12-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koel, Todd M.","contributorId":270657,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koel","given":"Todd M.","affiliations":[{"id":36245,"text":"NPS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":829704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomas, Nathan A.","contributorId":270658,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomas","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":36244,"text":"MSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":829705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guy, Christopher S. 0000-0002-9936-4781 cguy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9936-4781","contributorId":2876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guy","given":"Christopher","email":"cguy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5062,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":829702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doepke, Philip D.","contributorId":270659,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doepke","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":36245,"text":"NPS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":829706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"MacDonald, Drew J.","contributorId":270660,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"MacDonald","given":"Drew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36245,"text":"NPS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":829707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Poole, Alex S.","contributorId":270661,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Poole","given":"Alex","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":36244,"text":"MSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":829708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sealey, Wendy M.","contributorId":270662,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sealey","given":"Wendy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37461,"text":"fws","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":829709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Zale, Alexander V. 0000-0003-1703-885X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1703-885X","contributorId":244099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zale","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":829703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70208111,"text":"70208111 - 2020 - Urbanization reduces genetic connectivity in bobcats (Lynx rufus) at both intra- and interpopulation spatial scales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-29T16:13:47","indexId":"70208111","displayToPublicDate":"2019-10-15T18:56:29","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2774,"text":"Molecular Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Urbanization reduces genetic connectivity in bobcats (Lynx rufus) at both intra- and interpopulation spatial scales","title":"Urbanization reduces genetic connectivity in bobcats (Lynx rufus) at both intra- and interpopulation spatial scales","docAbstract":"Urbanization is a major factor driving habitat fragmentation and connectivity loss in wildlife. However, the impacts of urbanization on connectivity can vary among species and even populations due to differences in local landscape characteristics, and our ability to detect these relationships may depend on the spatial scale at which they are measured. Bobcats (Lynx rufus) are relatively sensitive to urbanization and the status of bobcat populations is an important indicator of connectivity in urban coastal southern California. We genotyped 271 bobcats at 13,520 SNP loci to conduct a replicated landscape resistance analysis in five genetically distinct populations. We tested urban and natural factors potentially influencing individual connectivity in each population separately, as well as study–wide. Overall, landscape genomic effects were most frequently detected at the study–wide spatial scale, with urban land cover (measured as impervious surface) having negative effects and topographic roughness having positive effects on gene flow. The negative effect of urban land cover on connectivity was also evident when populations were analyzed separately despite varying substantially in spatial area and the proportion of urban development, confirming a pervasive impact of urbanization largely independent of spatial scale. The effect of urban development was strongest in one population where stream habitat had been lost to development, suggesting that riparian corridors may help mitigate reduced connectivity in urbanizing areas. Our results demonstrate the importance of replicating landscape genetic analyses across populations and considering how landscape genetic effects may vary with spatial scale and local landscape structure.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/mec.15274","usgsCitation":"Kozakiewicz, C.P., Burridge, C.P., Funk, W.C., Salerno, P.E., Trumbo, D.R., Gagne, R.B., Boydston, E.E., Fisher, R.N., Lyren, L.M., Jennings, M.K., Riley, S.P., Serieys, L., VandeWoude, S., Crooks, K.R., and Carver, S., 2020, Urbanization reduces genetic connectivity in bobcats (Lynx rufus) at both intra- and interpopulation spatial scales: Molecular Ecology, v. 28, no. 23, p. 5068-5085, https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.15274.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"5068","endPage":"5085","ipdsId":"IP-102669","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371610,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.68554687499999,\n 32.43561304116276\n ],\n [\n -115.75195312499999,\n 32.76880048488168\n ],\n [\n -116.103515625,\n 34.08906131584994\n ],\n [\n -119.0478515625,\n 36.03133177633187\n ],\n [\n -121.904296875,\n 37.68382032669382\n ],\n [\n -122.4755859375,\n 38.41055825094609\n ],\n [\n -123.48632812499999,\n 37.47485808497102\n ],\n [\n -121.46484375,\n 34.70549341022544\n ],\n [\n -119.3115234375,\n 33.100745405144245\n ],\n [\n -117.68554687499999,\n 32.43561304116276\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"23","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-11-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kozakiewicz, Christpher P.","contributorId":221853,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kozakiewicz","given":"Christpher","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":16141,"text":"University of Tasmania","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":780507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burridge, Christopher P.","contributorId":221854,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burridge","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":16141,"text":"University of Tasmania","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":780508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Funk, W. Chris 0000-0002-9254-6718","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9254-6718","contributorId":97589,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Funk","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Chris","affiliations":[{"id":6998,"text":"Department of Biology, Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":780509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Salerno, Patricia E.","contributorId":221855,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Salerno","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":780510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Trumbo, Daryl R.","contributorId":212119,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trumbo","given":"Daryl","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":38416,"text":"Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":780511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gagne, Roderick B.","contributorId":212110,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gagne","given":"Roderick","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":38413,"text":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":780512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Boydston, Erin E. 0000-0002-8452-835X eboydston@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8452-835X","contributorId":1705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boydston","given":"Erin","email":"eboydston@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":780505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240 rfisher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":1529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert","email":"rfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":780506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lyren, Lisa M. llyren@usgs.gov","contributorId":2398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyren","given":"Lisa","email":"llyren@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":780513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Jennings, Megan K.","contributorId":221856,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jennings","given":"Megan","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":6608,"text":"San Diego State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":780514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Riley, Seth P. D.","contributorId":208334,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Riley","given":"Seth","email":"","middleInitial":"P. D.","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":780515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Serieys, Laurel E.K.","contributorId":86695,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Serieys","given":"Laurel E.K.","affiliations":[{"id":7081,"text":"University of California - Los Angeles","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":780516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"VandeWoude, Sue","contributorId":212137,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"VandeWoude","given":"Sue","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38434,"text":"College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":780517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Crooks, Kevin R.","contributorId":51137,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crooks","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":780518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Carver, Scott 0000-0002-3579-7588","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3579-7588","contributorId":197456,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carver","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":780519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}} ,{"id":70215279,"text":"70215279 - 2020 - Late Quaternary evolution and stratigraphic framework influence on coastal systems along the north-central Gulf of Mexico, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-16T11:53:56.257709","indexId":"70215279","displayToPublicDate":"2019-10-14T14:14:39","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Quaternary evolution and stratigraphic framework influence on coastal systems along the north-central Gulf of Mexico, USA","docAbstract":"Coastal systems in the Gulf of Mexico are threatened by reduced sediment supply, storm impacts and relative sea-level rise (RSLR). The geologic record provides insight into geomorphic evolution thresholds to these forcing mechanisms to help predict future barrier evolution in response to climate change. This study synthesizes ∼2100 km of geophysical data, 700 + sediment cores, and 62 radiocarbon dates to regionally map two lowstand sequence boundaries, multiple ravinement surfaces and fourteen depositional facies demonstrating stratigraphic and antecedent topographic influences on coastal evolution. The Mississippi-Alabama (MSAL) barriers are anchored by a marine isotope stage (MIS) 5e section of Dauphin Island coupled with an MIS 2 surface gradient change. Sand for the modern MSAL barriers were largely sourced through Holocene transgressive ravinement of relict valley fill deposits, providing up to 300 × 106 m3 of sand. Mud-filled MIS 2 tributaries correspond to areas of repeated storm breaching or tidal inlets.\n\nA Holocene geomorphic evolutionary model was created for Petit Bois and Dauphin Islands, highlighting RSLR rates, changes in sediment supply and the antecedent geologic framework. As the MIS 2 surface was flooded, tidal/wave scour supplied sand to migrating marine shoals. These transgressing shoals converted drowned paleovalleys to estuaries ∼9ka BP. Islands formed in their modern positions ∼6ka BP, when sediment supply was high and RSLR rates were 2 mm/yr. Between ∼4ka-1750 CE, islands prograded from reduced RSLR rates of 1-0.4 mm/yr and sufficient sand supply from alongshore/inner shelf sources. Currently, the islands experience 3.74 mm/yr of RSLR and reduced sediment supply, resulting in barrier degradation.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.105910","usgsCitation":"Hollis, R.S., Wallace, D.J., Miner, M.D., Gal, N.S., Dike, C.H., and Flocks, J., 2020, Late Quaternary evolution and stratigraphic framework influence on coastal systems along the north-central Gulf of Mexico, USA: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 223, 105910, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.105910.","productDescription":"105910, 24 p.","ipdsId":"IP-104001","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488434,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://aquila.usm.edu/masters_theses/598","text":"External Repository"},{"id":379381,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"North-Central Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.40673828125,\n 29.897805610155874\n ],\n [\n -87.01171875,\n 29.897805610155874\n ],\n [\n -87.01171875,\n 30.694611546632277\n ],\n [\n -89.40673828125,\n 30.694611546632277\n ],\n [\n -89.40673828125,\n 29.897805610155874\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"223","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hollis, Robert S","contributorId":243055,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hollis","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"S","affiliations":[{"id":38697,"text":"University of Southern Mississippi","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":801451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wallace, Davin J","contributorId":243056,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wallace","given":"Davin","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":38697,"text":"University of Southern Mississippi","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":801452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miner, Michael D","contributorId":243057,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miner","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"D","affiliations":[{"id":48626,"text":"The Water Institute of the Gulf, Baton Rouge, LA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":801453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gal, Nina S","contributorId":243058,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gal","given":"Nina","email":"","middleInitial":"S","affiliations":[{"id":38697,"text":"University of Southern Mississippi","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":801454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dike, Clayton H","contributorId":243059,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dike","given":"Clayton","email":"","middleInitial":"H","affiliations":[{"id":38697,"text":"University of Southern Mississippi","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":801455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Flocks, James 0000-0002-6177-7433","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6177-7433","contributorId":221107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flocks","given":"James","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":801456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70219053,"text":"70219053 - 2020 - Organic petrography of Leonardian (Wolfcamp A) mudrocks and carbonates, Midland Basin, Texas: The fate of oil-prone sedimentary organic matter in the oil window","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-22T13:08:22.48094","indexId":"70219053","displayToPublicDate":"2019-10-14T08:01:11","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organic petrography of Leonardian (Wolfcamp A) mudrocks and carbonates, Midland Basin, Texas: The fate of oil-prone sedimentary organic matter in the oil window","docAbstract":"To better understand evolution of oil-prone sedimentary organic matter to petroleum and expulsion from source rock, we evaluated organic petrographic features of Leonardian Wolfcamp A repetitive siliceous and calcareous mudrock and fine-grained carbonate lithofacies cycles occurring in the R. Ricker #1 core from Reagan County, Midland Basin, Texas. The objectives of the petrographic investigation were to estimate thermal maturity, identify organic matter types and abundances, and identify the presence or absence of migrated hydrocarbons in organic-lean carbonate layers. An integrated analytical program included geochemical screening [total organic carbon (TOC) content by LECO, programmed pyrolysis by hydrocarbon analyzer with kinetics (HAWK) including analysis of solvent-extracted samples], X-ray diffraction mineralogy, organic petrography, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) including correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM), and micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (μ-FTIR) analyses of solid bitumen. The data indicate all samples are early to middle oil window thermal maturity with solid bitumen reflectance (BRo) values of 0.55–0.86% and Tmax of 440–455 °C. Organic matter is predominantly solid bitumen (as identified by optical microscopy) in all lithofacies with minor contributions from inertinite. Solid bitumen abundance decreases from siliceous mudrock (TOC >3.0 wt%) to calcareous mudrock (TOC 1.0 to 3.0 wt%) to fine-grained carbonate (TOC <1.0 wt%) lithofacies. Interpretations of petrographic data suggest siliceous and calcareous mudrocks are source rock lithofacies and contain solid bitumen (with petroleum generation potential) that is residual (what remains) from conversion of an original Type II sedimentary organic matter. In turn, fine-grained carbonates are interpreted as reservoir lithofacies which contained little or no original oil-prone sedimentary organic matter and at present-day contain only a minor component of migrated solid petroleum sourced from adjacent siliceous and calcareous mudrock lithofacies. This work helps to document petroleum generation and migration processes, improve unconventional reservoir characterization and better define areas of oil window thermal maturity in an area critical to United States hydrocarbon production.
Degradation of wetland ecosystems has negatively impacted many species, perhaps none more so than marsh birds that breed in vegetative emergent wetlands throughout North America. The U.S. Department of Defense manages approximately 29 million acres of land within the continental U.S., and many military installations contain wetland complexes that may be important for wetland birds. Thus, failure to adequately manage habitat for marsh birds could result in species extirpations and additional listings under the Endangered Species Act, and may result in regulatory burdens that reduce military readiness. We conducted spatial analyses to identify important breeding habitat on > 500 military installations for 12 species of marsh birds, with the goal of identifying installations that are, and are not, likely to harbor breeding habitat for each species. We also sought to assess the local value of military installations for species of greatest concern by comparing habitat suitability within installations to that in areas directly adjacent to those sites. We built range-wide, spatially-explicit models of species distribution to project suitability of breeding habitat for marsh birds within and adjacent to military installations. Our results demonstrate that installations with the best marsh bird habitat are geographically aggregated (both among and within species), primarily at sites along the eastern seaboard and within the southern U.S. In addition, only a few sites appear to contain high-quality habitat for most species. Five or fewer sites contained most of the high-quality habitat for 9 of 12 species, whereas most of the high-quality habitat for remaining species was found at ≤ 10 sites. This work fills an information gap regarding the distribution of breeding habitat for marsh birds on military lands across the U.S., and should facilitate both strategic conservation of habitat over broad scales and the integration of marsh birds into management efforts at the site level. Our analyses also identify installations that are not likely to harbor breeding habitat for priority species, and thus should help minimize conflicts between needs of the military and marsh-bird conservation.
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wildfires that burn vegetation and create a condition of soil-water repellence (SWR). A new post-fire watershed hydrological model, PFHydro, was created to explicitly simulate vegetation interception and SWR effects for four burn severity categories: high, medium, low severity and unburned. The model was applied to simulate post-fire runoff from the Upper Cache Creek Watershed in California, USA. Nash–Sutcliffe modeling efficiency (NSE) was used to assess model performance. The NSE was 0.80 and 0.88 for pre-fire water years (WY) 2000 and 2015, respectively. NSE was 0.88 and 0.93 for WYs 2016 (first year post-fire) and 2017 respectively. The simulated percentage of surface runoff in total runoff of WY 2016 was about six times that of pre-fire WY 2000 and three times that of WY 2015. The modeling results suggest that SWR is an important factor for post-fire runoff generation. The model was successful at simulating SWR behavior.
Functional responses describe how changing resource availability affects consumer resource use, thus providing a mechanistic approach to prediction of the invasibility and potential damage of invasive alien species (IAS). However, functional responses can be context dependent, varying with resource characteristics and availability, consumer attributes, and environmental variables. Identifying context dependencies can allow invasion and damage risk to be predicted across different ecoregions. Understanding how ecological factors shape the functional response in agro‐ecosystems can improve predictions of hotspots of highest impact and inform strategies to mitigate damage across locations with varying crop types and availability. We linked heterogeneous movement data across different agro‐ecosystems to predict ecologically driven variability in the functional responses. We applied our approach to wild pigs (Sus scrofa), one of the most successful and detrimental IAS worldwide where agricultural resource depredation is an important driver of spread and establishment. We used continental‐scale movement data within agro‐ecosystems to quantify the functional response of agricultural resources relative to availability of crops and natural forage. We hypothesized that wild pigs would selectively use crops more often when natural forage resources were low. We also examined how individual attributes such as sex, crop type, and resource stimulus such as distance to crops altered the magnitude of the functional response. There was a strong agricultural functional response where crop use was an accelerating function of crop availability at low density (Type III) and was highly context dependent. As hypothesized, there was a reduced response of crop use with increasing crop availability when non‐agricultural resources were more available, emphasizing that crop damage levels are likely to be highly heterogeneous depending on surrounding natural resources and temporal availability of crops. We found significant effects of crop type and sex, with males spending 20% more time and visiting crops 58% more often than females, and both sexes showing different functional responses depending on crop type. Our application demonstrates how commonly collected animal movement data can be used to understand context dependencies in resource use to improve our understanding of pest foraging behavior, with implications for prioritizing spatiotemporal hotspots of potential economic loss in agro‐ecosystems.
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Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-03T07:00:13","indexId":"70208276","displayToPublicDate":"2019-10-09T06:56:45","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quaternary displacement on the Joiner Ridge Fault, eastern Arkansas","docAbstract":"The New Madrid seismic zone of the central United States is an intraplate seismic zone with blind structures that are not seismically active but may pose seismic hazards. The Joiner Ridge fault is the 35 km long east-bounding fault of the Joiner Ridge blind horst located in eastern Arkansas approximately 50 km northwest of Memphis, Tennessee. Shallow S-wave (SH-mode) seismic reflection profiles, continuous cores, and radiometric dating of Quaternary alluvium across the Joiner Ridge fault reveal down-to-the-east reverse faulting and folding within of the top of the Eocene strata and overlying Quaternary Mississippi River alluvium. The base of the Quaternary alluvium has an age of 20.3 ka and is vertically displaced 12 m, resulting in an average slip rate of 0.6 + 0.1 mm/yr over the past 20.3 ka. The overlying late Wisconsinan and Holocene alluvial facies are also displaced by the Joiner Ridge fault. These facies increase in thickness across the Joiner Ridge fault and were used to calculate late Wisconsinan and Holocene slip rates. The JRF slipped 7 m between 20.3 ka and 17.5 ka (2.8 ka), reflecting a slip rate of 2.5 + 0.3 mm/yr. From 12.3 ka to 11.5 ka (0.8 ka) the JRF slipped 3 m at an average slip rate of 3.8 + 0.9 mm/yr. There were 2 m of slip on the JRF between 11.5 ka and 8.9 ka (2.6 ka), reflecting a slip rate of 0.8 + 0.3 mm/yr. No apparent slip has occurred on the JRF within the last 8.90 ka. This research illustrates that slip rates on the JRF have varied through the late Wisconsinan and early Holocene, but the Joiner Ridge fault has been inactive since the middle Holocene.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0220190149","usgsCitation":"Price, A.C., Woolery, E.W., Counts, R., Van Arsdale, R., Larsen, D., Mahan, S.A., and Beck, G., 2020, Quaternary displacement on the Joiner Ridge Fault, eastern Arkansas: Seismological Research Letters, v. 90, no. 6, p. 2250-2261, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220190149.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"2250","endPage":"2261","ipdsId":"IP-107613","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371898,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas ","otherGeospatial":"Joiner Ridge Fault","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.219482421875,\n 33.04550781490999\n ],\n [\n -91.12060546875,\n 33.95247360616282\n ],\n [\n -90.098876953125,\n 35.22767235493586\n ],\n [\n -89.681396484375,\n 36.01356058518153\n ],\n [\n -90.340576171875,\n 36.01356058518153\n ],\n [\n -90.054931640625,\n 36.35052700542763\n ],\n [\n -90.164794921875,\n 36.491973470593685\n ],\n [\n -91.900634765625,\n 36.50963615733049\n ],\n [\n -92.669677734375,\n 34.786739162702524\n ],\n [\n -92.559814453125,\n 33.55970664841198\n ],\n [\n -92.197265625,\n 33.04550781490999\n ],\n [\n -91.219482421875,\n 33.04550781490999\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"90","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-10-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Price, Audrey C.","contributorId":222111,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Price","given":"Audrey","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":781246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woolery, Edward W 0000-0003-3398-5830","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3398-5830","contributorId":192994,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woolery","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"W","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":781223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Counts, Ron 0000-0002-8426-1990","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8426-1990","contributorId":222105,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Counts","given":"Ron","affiliations":[{"id":36508,"text":"University of Mississippi","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":781224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Van Arsdale, Roy","contributorId":199299,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Van Arsdale","given":"Roy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17864,"text":"University of Memphis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":781225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Larsen, Daniel","contributorId":199300,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Larsen","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17864,"text":"University of Memphis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":781226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mahan, Shannon A. 0000-0001-5214-7774 smahan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-7774","contributorId":147159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"Shannon","email":"smahan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":781221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Beck, Glynn","contributorId":222106,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beck","given":"Glynn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40489,"text":"Kentucky Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":781227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70215284,"text":"70215284 - 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While many relationships between LULC and nutrient loading have been identified, characterization of the interaction between LULC, climate (specifically variable hydrologic forcing) and solute export across seasonal and interannual time scales is needed to understand the processes that determine nutrient loading and responses to change. Recent advances in high-frequency water quality sensors provide opportunities to assess these interannual relationships with sufficiently high temporal resolution to capture the unpredictable, short-term storm events that likely drive important export mechanisms for dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrate (NO3−–N). We deployed a network of in situ sensors in forested, agricultural, and urban watersheds across the northeastern United States. Using 2 years of high-frequency sensor data, we provide a regional assessment of how LULC and hydrologic variability affected the timing and magnitude of dissolved organic carbon and nitrate export, and the status of watershed fluxes as either supply or transport controlled. Analysis of annual export dynamics revealed systematic differences in the timing and magnitude of DOC and NO3−–N delivery among different LULC classes, with distinct regional similarities in the timing of DOC and NO3−–N fluxes from forested and urban watersheds. Conversely, export dynamics at agricultural sites appeared to be highly site-specific, likely driven by local agricultural practices and regulations. Furthermore, the magnitude of solute fluxes across watersheds responded strongly to interannual variability in rainfall, suggesting a high degree of hydrologic control over nutrient loading across the region. Thus, there is strong potential for climate-driven changes in regional hydrologic cycles to drive variation in the magnitude of downstream nutrient fluxes, particularly in watersheds where solute supply and/or transport has been modified.
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