No abstract available.
","language":"English","doi":"10.3133/ofr6458","usgsCitation":"Gates, J.S., 1964, Ground water in the Navajo Sandstone at the east entrance, Zion National Park, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 64-58, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr6458.","productDescription":"23 p.","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":177778,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Zion National Park","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d925","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gates, J. S.","contributorId":99553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gates","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":245281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":52400,"text":"ofr6464 - 1964 - Ground-water supply of Cape Hatteras National Seashore Recreational Area, North Carolina, Part 3","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":52400,"text":"ofr6464 - 1964 - Ground-water supply of Cape Hatteras National Seashore Recreational Area, North Carolina, Part 3","indexId":"ofr6464","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water supply of Cape Hatteras National Seashore Recreational Area, North Carolina, Part 3"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70047684,"text":"70047684 - 1964 - Ground-water supply of Cape Hatteras National Seashore Recreational Area, North Carolina. 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Part 3"},"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-14T08:22:19","indexId":"ofr6464","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"64-64","title":"Ground-water supply of Cape Hatteras National Seashore Recreational Area, North Carolina, Part 3","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr6464","usgsCitation":"Harris, W., and Wilder, H., 1964, Ground-water supply of Cape Hatteras National Seashore Recreational Area, North Carolina, Part 3: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 64-64, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr6464.","productDescription":"36 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":179315,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":" Cape Hatteras National Seashore Recreational Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.212158203125,\n 34.76192255039478\n ],\n [\n -76.212158203125,\n 36.1955251660701\n ],\n [\n -75.24261474609375,\n 36.1955251660701\n ],\n [\n -75.24261474609375,\n 34.76192255039478\n ],\n [\n -76.212158203125,\n 34.76192255039478\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a96e4b07f02db65a377","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harris, W.H.","contributorId":65917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":245282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilder, H.B.","contributorId":71246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilder","given":"H.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":245283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":52402,"text":"ofr6478 - 1964 - Geologic map and sections of the Ammonia Tanks quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-21T22:16:19.745334","indexId":"ofr6478","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"64-78","title":"Geologic map and sections of the Ammonia Tanks quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr6478","usgsCitation":"Hinrichs, E., Krushensky, R., Luft, S.J., Brown, R., and Simons, F.S., 1964, Geologic map and sections of the Ammonia Tanks quadrangle, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 64-78, 1 Sheet: 38.42 × 36.64 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr6478.","productDescription":"1 Sheet: 38.42 × 36.64 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":498813,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_119147.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":179386,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Nye County","otherGeospatial":"Ammonia Tanks quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.375,\n 37.25\n ],\n [\n -116.375,\n 37.125\n ],\n [\n -116.25,\n 37.125\n ],\n [\n -116.25,\n 37.25\n ],\n [\n -116.375,\n 37.25\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b14e4b07f02db6a4807","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hinrichs, E. N.","contributorId":98717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinrichs","given":"E. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":245291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krushensky, R.D.","contributorId":94648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krushensky","given":"R.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":245289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Luft, S. J.","contributorId":95127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luft","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":245290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, R.D.","contributorId":73221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"R.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":245287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Simons, F. S.","contributorId":76706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simons","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":245288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1792,"text":"wsp1597 - 1964 - Geology and ground-water resources of the upper Grande Ronde River basin, Union County, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-12T19:36:16.825771","indexId":"wsp1597","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1597","title":"Geology and ground-water resources of the upper Grande Ronde River basin, Union County, Oregon","docAbstract":"The upper Grande Ronde River basin is a 1,400-square-mile area in northeastern Oregon, between the Blue Mountains to the west and the Wallowa Mountains to the east. The area is drained by the Grande Ronde River, which flows northeast through this region and is tributary to the Snake River. The climate is generally moderate; temperature extremes recorded at La Grande are 22°F. below zero and 108°F. above. The average annual precipitation ranges from 13 to 20 inches in the Grande Ronde Valley to . more than 35 inches in the mountain highlands surrounding the valley. The topography of. the area is strongly controlled by the geologic structures, principally those related to block faulting. The terrain ranges from the nearly flat floors of the Grande Ronde and Indian Valleys, whose elevations are 2,600 to about 2,750 feet, to the mountainous uplands, whose average elevations are about 5,000 feet and which have local prominences exceeding 6,500 feet. The rocks in the upper Grande Ronde River basin, from oldest to youngest, are metamorphic rocks of pre-Tertiary age; igneous masses of diorite and granodiorite that intruded the metamorphic rocks; tuff-breccia, welded and silicified tuff, and andesite and dacite flows, of Tertiary age; the Columbia River basalt of Miocene and possibly early Pliocene age; fanglomerate and lacustrine deposits of Pliocene and Pleistocene age; and younger deposits . of alluvium, colluvium, and welded tuff. In the graben known as the Grande Ronde Valley, which is the principal populated district in the area, the valley fill deposits are as thick as 2,000 feet. The valley is bordered by the scarps of faults, the largest of which have displacements of more than 4.000 feet. Most of the wells in the area obtain small to moderate supplies of water from unconfined aquifers in the val1ey fill and alluvial fan deposits. Moderate to large quantities of water are obtained from aquifers carrying artesian water in the fan alluvium and the Columbia River basalt. The available supplies of ground water greatly exceed the relatively small amounts that are being used, and the natural supplies are ..adequate for foreseeable domestic, industrial, irrigation, and municipal. requirements. Yields of future wells probably could be improved appreciably over those of present wells by exercising close attention to subsurface conditions during construction, and by greater use of well screens, gravel envelopes, and well development techniques. The chemical quality of the ground water in general is excellent. All waters sampled are potable and are within the desired ranges of hardness and salinity for most public, industrial, and irrigation uses. The average temperature of shallow ground water drawn from, the alluvial fill was 3°F. above the mean annual air temperature. That of water obtained from the basalt is 6°F. above the temperatures computed from the 'normal' gradient of 1.8°F. per 100 feet of increased depth.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1597","usgsCitation":"Hampton, E.R., and Brown, S., 1964, Geology and ground-water resources of the upper Grande Ronde River basin, Union County, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1597, Report: v, 99 p.; 6 Plates: 33.00 × 48.47 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1597.","productDescription":"Report: v, 99 p.; 6 Plates: 33.00 × 48.47 inches or smaller","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":394258,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24786.htm"},{"id":26934,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1597/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26933,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1597/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26932,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1597/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26931,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1597/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26930,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1597/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137231,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1597/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26936,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1597/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26935,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1597/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","county":"Union County","otherGeospatial":"upper Grande Ronde River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.5,\n 45.083\n ],\n [\n -117.501,\n 45.083\n ],\n [\n -117.501,\n 45.592\n ],\n [\n -118.5,\n 45.592\n ],\n [\n -118.5,\n 45.083\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db6852c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hampton, E. R.","contributorId":57038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hampton","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, S. G.","contributorId":46914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"S. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1769,"text":"wsp1499D - 1964 - Water resources of the Albany-Schenectady-Troy area, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-05T21:29:48.470516","indexId":"wsp1499D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1499","chapter":"D","title":"Water resources of the Albany-Schenectady-Troy area, New York","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1499D","usgsCitation":"Halberg, H.N., Hunt, O.P., and Pauszek, F.H., 1964, Water resources of the Albany-Schenectady-Troy area, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1499, Report: v, 64 p.; 2 Plates: 18.00 × 18.83 inches and 14.00 × 13.86 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1499D.","productDescription":"Report: v, 64 p.; 2 Plates: 18.00 × 18.83 inches and 14.00 × 13.86 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":410067,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24440.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":26898,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1499d/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26899,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1499d/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26897,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1499d/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137142,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1499d/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","city":"Albany, Schenectady, Troy","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.083,\n 42.917\n ],\n [\n -74.083,\n 42.5\n ],\n [\n -73.583,\n 42.5\n ],\n [\n -73.583,\n 42.917\n ],\n [\n -74.083,\n 42.917\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f064b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Halberg, Henry Nicholas","contributorId":41804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halberg","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"Nicholas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunt, O. P.","contributorId":69116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pauszek, F. 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Jr.","contributorId":78338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byers","given":"F.M.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":245263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rogers, C.L.","contributorId":41413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":245262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Luft, S. J.","contributorId":95127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luft","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":245264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":52384,"text":"ofr6411 - 1964 - Water-level sensing device","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:34","indexId":"ofr6411","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"64-11","title":"Water-level sensing device","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr6411","usgsCitation":"Barron, E., 1964, Water-level sensing device: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 64-11, 1 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr6411.","productDescription":"1 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":177159,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cee4b07f02db5453ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barron, E.G.","contributorId":36623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barron","given":"E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":245255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":52383,"text":"ofr645 - 1964 - Adsorption equilibria between earth materials and radionuclides, Cape Thompson, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-13T22:44:01.209871","indexId":"ofr645","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"64-5","title":"Adsorption equilibria between earth materials and radionuclides, Cape Thompson, Alaska","docAbstract":"The concept and the derivation of a distribution coefficient are developed. Ion exchange and the nature of competition among cations are given. Distribution coefficients for carrier-free cesium, strontium, and iodine were determined on 17 samples collected during July, 1961, in the vicinity of Cape Thompson, northwestern Alaska. High percentage uptake of these ions was measured under the test conditions. Cesium adsorption, at 1 day, was found to be represented by the mass-action equation. The distribution coefficients for cesium adsorption were so large that, in all but a few cases, very little of this nuclide would remain long in solution in the natural waters of the area. Strontium adsorption was found to be a function of the calcium-plus-magnesium concentration and to be independent of the sodium concentration. In most samples, its equilibrium is reached in less than 1 day. Iodine sorption varied with percent organic matter in the samples. If the iodine were in contact with organic matter for several days, a substantial part of it probably would be removed from solution in the natural waters.
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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr64100","usgsCitation":"Larrabee, D., Spencer, C., and Swift, D.J., 1964, Bedrock geology of the Grand Lake area, Maine: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 64-100, 2 Plates: 27.88 x 22.07 inches and 32.00 x 28.86 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr64100.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 27.88 x 22.07 inches and 32.00 x 28.86 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":398327,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1964/0100/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":398326,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1964/0100/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":173181,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1964/0100/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Maine","otherGeospatial":"Grand Lake area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -68.58352661132812,\n 45.20332826663052\n ],\n [\n -67.69363403320312,\n 45.20332826663052\n ],\n [\n -67.69363403320312,\n 45.63228585970125\n ],\n [\n -68.58352661132812,\n 45.63228585970125\n ],\n [\n -68.58352661132812,\n 45.20332826663052\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5fe4b07f02db63415f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larrabee, David M.","contributorId":56626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larrabee","given":"David M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":226193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spencer, Charles W.","contributorId":13234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spencer","given":"Charles W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":839902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swift, Donald J. P.","contributorId":86834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swift","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"J. 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Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1941","usgsCitation":"Love, S.K., 1964, Quality of surface waters of the United States, 1962, Parts 1 and 2, North Atlantic slope basins and South Atlantic and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1941, xi, 434 p. :ill. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1941.","productDescription":"xi, 434 p. :ill. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138644,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1941/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29974,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1941/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8be4b07f02db651ad7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Love, S. 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J.","contributorId":16896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frederick","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":245280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":52417,"text":"ofr64110 - 1964 - Progress report for the Lower Colorado River area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:32","indexId":"ofr64110","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"64-110","title":"Progress report for the Lower Colorado River area","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr64110","usgsCitation":"McDonald, C.C., 1964, Progress report for the Lower Colorado River area: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 64-110, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr64110.","productDescription":"8 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":179096,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db6885b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McDonald, C. C.","contributorId":69204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":245312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2871,"text":"wsp1779I - 1964 - Ground water in the Sandpoint region, Bonner County, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:35","indexId":"wsp1779I","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1779","chapter":"I","title":"Ground water in the Sandpoint region, Bonner County, Idaho","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Printing Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1779I","usgsCitation":"Walker, E.H., 1964, Ground water in the Sandpoint region, Bonner County, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1779, 29 p. :ill. ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1779I.","productDescription":"29 p. :ill. ;23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138974,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1779i/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29488,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1779i/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29489,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1779i/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d875","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walker, Eugene H.","contributorId":24761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"Eugene","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2796,"text":"wsp1608D - 1964 - Artesian water in the Malabar coastal plain of southern Kerala, India","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:28","indexId":"wsp1608D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1608","chapter":"D","title":"Artesian water in the Malabar coastal plain of southern Kerala, India","docAbstract":"The present report is based on a geological and hydrological reconnaissance during 1954 of the Malabar Coastal Plain and adjacent island area of southern Kerala to evaluate the availability of ground water for coastal villages and municipalities and associated industries and the potentialities for future development. The work was done in cooperation with the Geological Survey of India and under the auspices of the U.S. Technical Cooperation Mission to India. The State of Kerala, which lies near the southern tip of India and along the eastern shore of the Caspian Sea, contains a total area of 14,937 square miles. The eastern part of the state is s rugged mountainous highland which attains \r\naltitudes of more than 6,000 feet. This highland descends westward through piedmont upland to s narrow coastal plain, which reaches a maximum width of about 16 miles in the latitude of Shertalli. A tropical monsoon rain-forest climate prevails in most of Kerala, and annual rainfall ranges from 65 to 130 inches in the southern part of the coastal plain to as much a 200 inches in the highland. \r\n\r\nThe highland and piedmont upland tracts of Kerala are underlain by Precambrian meamorphic and igneous rocks belonging in large parabola-the so-called Charnockite Series. Beneath ahe coastal plain are semiconsolidated asunconsolidated sedimentary deposits whose age ranges from Miocene to Recent. These deposits include sofa sandstone and clay shale containing some marl or limestone and sand, and clay and pea containing some gravel. The sofa sandstone, sand, and gravel beds constitute important aquifers a depths ranging from a few tens of feet to 400 feet or more below the land surface. The shallow ground war is under water-able or unconfined conditions, but the deeper aquifers contain water under artesian pressure. Near the coast, drilled wells tapping the deeper aquifers commonly flow with artesian heads as much as 10 to 12 feet above the land surface. \r\n\r\nThe draft from existing wells in the coastal belt between Quilon and Alleppy was estimated at 1 to 1 1/2 million imperial gallons a day. However, favorable conations exist for considerable further ground-water development in the coastal plain provided that sufficient attention is given to the potential hazards of saltwater encroachment and local overdevelopment. It is estimated that the overall potential for development of water from wells is probably at least several tens of millions of gallons a day, and perhaps more, in the Malabar Coastal Plain of southern Kera. Such a draft would have to be well dispersed to avoid overdevelopment and salt-war encroachment.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1608D","usgsCitation":"Taylor, G., and Ghosh, P., 1964, Artesian water in the Malabar coastal plain of southern Kerala, India: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1608, iii, 14 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1608D.","productDescription":"iii, 14 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138615,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1608d/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29292,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1608d/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29293,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1608d/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29294,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1608d/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672c6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, George C.","contributorId":45693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"George C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ghosh, P.K.","contributorId":53771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ghosh","given":"P.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1307,"text":"wsp1779L - 1964 - Discharge ratings for streams at submerged section controls","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:17","indexId":"wsp1779L","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1779","chapter":"L","title":"Discharge ratings for streams at submerged section controls","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1779L","usgsCitation":"Eisenlohr, W.S., 1964, Discharge ratings for streams at submerged section controls: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1779, iii, 32 p. :ill. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1779L.","productDescription":"iii, 32 p. :ill. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137889,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1779l/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26340,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1779l/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26341,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1779l/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a98a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eisenlohr, William Stewart","contributorId":36533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eisenlohr","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"Stewart","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":34178,"text":"b1173 - 1964 - Bedrock geology of the Evitts Creek and Pattersons Creek quadrangles, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:25","indexId":"b1173","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1173","title":"Bedrock geology of the Evitts Creek and Pattersons Creek quadrangles, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U. S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/b1173","usgsCitation":"De Witt, W., and Colton, G.W., 1964, Bedrock geology of the Evitts Creek and Pattersons Creek quadrangles, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1173, iv, 90 p. :illus., maps (2 col.) ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1173.","productDescription":"iv, 90 p. :illus., maps (2 col.) ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":109461,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_20940.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"20940"},{"id":163502,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1173/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":62078,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1173/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":62079,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1173/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":62080,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1173/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":62081,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1173/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":62082,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1173/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5fe4b07f02db634407","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"De Witt, Wallace Jr.","contributorId":87521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Witt","given":"Wallace","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":212567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Colton, G. W.","contributorId":97468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colton","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":212568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1338,"text":"wsp1809E - 1964 - Galleries and their use for development of shallow ground-water supplies, with special reference to Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:13","indexId":"wsp1809E","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1809","chapter":"E","title":"Galleries and their use for development of shallow ground-water supplies, with special reference to Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1809E","usgsCitation":"Feulner, A.J., 1964, Galleries and their use for development of shallow ground-water supplies, with special reference to Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1809, v, 16 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1809E.","productDescription":"v, 16 p. :ill., maps ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137425,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1809e/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26398,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1809e/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b1449","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Feulner, Alvin J.","contributorId":49775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feulner","given":"Alvin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1211,"text":"wsp1779O - 1964 - Hydrology of aquifer systems in the Memphis area, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:17","indexId":"wsp1779O","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1779","chapter":"O","title":"Hydrology of aquifer systems in the Memphis area, Tennessee","docAbstract":"The Memphis area as described in .this report comprises about 1,300 square miles of the Mississippi embayment part of the Gulf Coastal Plain. The area is underlain by as much as 3,000 feet of sediments ranging in age from Cretaceous through Quaternary. \r\n\r\nIn 1960, 150 mgd (million gallons per day) of water was pumped from the principal aquifers. Municipal pumpage accounted for almost half of this amount, and industrial pumpage a little more than half. About 90 percent of the water used in the area is derived from the '500-foot' sand, and most of the remainder is from the ?400-foot' sand; both sands are of Eocene age. A small amount of water for domestic use is pumped from the terrace deposits of Pliocene and Pleistocene age. \r\n\r\nBoth the '500-foot' and the '1,400-foot' sands are artesian aquifers except in the southeastern part of the area; there the water level in wells in the '500-foot' sand is now below the overlying confining clay. Water levels in both aquifers have declined almost continuously since pumping began, but the rate of decline has increased rapidly since 1940. Water-level decline in the '1,400-foot' sand has been less pronounced since 1956. \r\n\r\nThe cones of depression in both aquifers have expanded and deepened as a result of the annual increases in pumping, and an increase in hydraulic gradients has induced a greater flow of water into the area. Approximately 135 mgd entered the Memphis area through the '500-foot' sand aquifer in 1960, and, of this amount, 60 mgd originated as inflow from the east and about 75 mgd was derived from leakage from the terrace deposits, from the north, south, and west and from other sources. Of the water entering the '1,400-foot' sand, about 5 mgd was inflow from the east, and about half that amount was from each of the north, south, and west directions. The average rate of movement of water outside the area of heavy withdrawals is about 70 feet per year in the '500-foot' sand and about 40 feet per year in the '1,400-foot' sand. The average rate of depletion of storage in each aquifer since pumping began is about 1 mgd. Most of the recharge to the '500-foot' and '1,400-foot' sands occurs in outcrop areas about 30-80 miles east of Memphis. Also, water leaks from the terrace deposits to the '500-foot' sand in some places, and there may be some leakage from streams where the confining clay is thin or is breached by faults or streams.\r\n\r\nThe quality of water from both the principal aquifers is very good. Iron, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide are the only constituents found in undesirable quantities. Water from the terrace deposits is hard but generally contains less iron and carbon dioxide than water from either of the principal aquifers. \r\n\r\nThe hydraulic characteristics of both aquifers were determined by pumping tests and by applying the knowledge of the geology o# the area; these characteristics indicate that the aquifers are capable of producing more water than is currently being pumped from them. The '500-foot' sand will produce more water per unit decline of water level than will the '1,400-foot' sand. There appears to be no reason why the development of water supplies from both aquifers should not continue, but well spacing will remain a factor which could affect future development. Greater well spacing will tend to prolong the useful life of a well and the aquifers.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Gov't. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1779O","usgsCitation":"Criner, J.H., Sun, P.P., and Nyman, D.J., 1964, Hydrology of aquifer systems in the Memphis area, Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1779, [31] leaves :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1779O.","productDescription":"[31] leaves :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137969,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1779o/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26097,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1779o/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26098,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1779o/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26099,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1779o/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26100,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1779o/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26101,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1779o/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26102,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1779o/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26103,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1779o/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26104,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1779o/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db698959","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Criner, James H.","contributorId":107258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Criner","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sun, P-C. P.","contributorId":25546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sun","given":"P-C.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nyman, Dale J.","contributorId":28584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nyman","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":229,"text":"wsp1613C - 1964 - Sea water in coastal aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:12","indexId":"wsp1613C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1613","chapter":"C","title":"Sea water in coastal aquifers","docAbstract":"Investigations in the coastal part of the Biscayne aquifer, a highly productive aquifer of limestone and sand in the Miami area, Florida, show that the salt-water front is dynamically stable as much as 8 miles seaward of the position computed according to the Ghyben-Herzberg principle. This discrepancy results, at least in part, from the fact that the salt water in the Biscayne aquifer is not static, as explanations of the dynamic balance commonly assume. Cross sections showing lines of equal fresh-water potential indicate that during periods of heavy recharge, the fresh-water head is high enough to cause the fresh water, the salt water, and the zone of diffusion between them to move seaward. When the fresh-water head is low, salt water in the lower part of the aquifer intrudes inland, but some of the diluted sea water in the zone of diffusion continues to flow seaward. Thus, salt water circulates inland from the floor of the sea through the lower part of the aquifer becoming progressively diluted with fresh water to a line along which there is no horizontal component of flow, after which it moves upward and returns to the sea. \r\n\r\nThis cyclic flow is demonstrated by a flow net which is constructed by the use of horizontal gradients determined from the low-head equipotential diagram. The flow net shows that about seven-eights of the total discharge at the shoreline originates as fresh water in inland parts of the aquifer. The remaining one-eighth represents a return of sea water entering the aquifer through the floor of the sea.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1613C","usgsCitation":"Cooper, H.H., 1964, Sea water in coastal aquifers: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1613, v, 84 p. :ill., map ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1613C.","productDescription":"v, 84 p. :ill., map ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137491,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1613c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":24839,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1613c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4814e4b07f02db4dab60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cooper, Hilton H.","contributorId":106867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"Hilton","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":142102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}