{"pageNumber":"668","pageRowStart":"16675","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46883,"records":[{"id":70005771,"text":"fs20113130 - 2011 - The Alaska Geochemical Database: v. 1.0 - Geologic Materials","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:56","indexId":"fs20113130","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-3130","title":"The Alaska Geochemical Database: v. 1.0 - Geologic Materials","docAbstract":"What is the AGDB?:\nThe Alaska Geochemical Database (AGDB) is a new, comprehensive compilation of geologic, spatial, descriptive, mineralogical, and analytical geochemical data for samples collected in Alaska and surrounding waters by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) from 1962 to 2009.\nData for geologic materials (rocks, minerals and mineral separates, soils, lake sediments, bulk stream sediments, and a variety of heavy-mineral concentrates) will be released as a two-sided DVD (USGS Digital Data Series DS 637 v. 1.0) in October of 2011. Future data releases will include water, organic and leachate samples.\nThe AGDB contains all Alaskan data from USGS legacy databases (for example, the RASS and PLUTO systems), and all results produced by USGS in-house and contract chemistry laboratories through December 2009. The database includes geochemical data resulting from the reanalysis of archived materials, such as those from the Alaska Mineral Resource Assessment (AMRAP) and National Uranium Resource Evaluation (NURE) programs, for additional elements and by newer methods. Reanalyses include samples collected statewide as part of the National Geochemical Survey, and samples from a project across the Alaska Range (data released in 2010). The AGDB also contains data for geologic materials from Alaska submitted by USGS researchers to non-USGS and non-contract labs, and a variety of other Alaskan geologic materials samples.\nQuality Control:\nData in the AGDB have undergone extensive quality control screening including searching field notes and maps for accurate location information, verifying media and sample type, linking analytical data to geologic parameters recorded by the submitter, and documenting sample preparation and analytical methods.\nData Files\nThe AGDB v. 1.0 two-sided DVD includes:\n\n    * a 4.3 GB Microsoft Access® 2007 relational database (as two linked .mdb files);\n    * the same database in Microsoft Access® 2003;\n    * Microsoft Excel® spreadsheet tables (.xls files) and ASCII text files that display the results of common queries to the database (for example, Ag-Cr values for concentrate samples; rock samples by quadrangle);\n    * references for analytical methods;\n    * references to published data; and\n    * metadata in three file formats.\nData Availability:\n    * The Alaska Geochemical Database will be available in a searchable, spatially referenced, online format at http://mrdata.usgs.gov/; estimated availability early 2012.\n    * A 2012 update (AGDB v. 2.0) will include water, organic, leachate, and miscellaneous sample media.\nFor More Information:\nOn sample media or analytical methods:\nhttp://minerals.cr.usgs.gov/projects/analytical_chem/references.html\nText prepared by Jeanine M. Schmidt and Matt Granitto\nFigure prepared by Nora Shew; Layout by Jeanine Schmidt\nArtwork on page 1 by Daniel Granitto (used by permission)\nThe USGS Mineral Resources Program is the sole Federal provider of research and information on nonfuel mineral resources.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20113130","usgsCitation":"Schmidt, J.M., and Granitto, M., 2011, The Alaska Geochemical Database: v. 1.0 - Geologic Materials (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3130, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20113130.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":410,"text":"National Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116493,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2011_3130.png"},{"id":94416,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3130/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"state":"Alaska","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db68352c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmidt, Jeanine M. jschmidt@usgs.gov","contributorId":3138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Jeanine","email":"jschmidt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Granitto, Matthew 0000-0003-3445-4863 granitto@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3445-4863","contributorId":1224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Granitto","given":"Matthew","email":"granitto@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70005758,"text":"sir20115085 - 2011 - Hydrogeologic setting and simulation of groundwater flow near the Canterbury and Leadville Mine Drainage Tunnels, Leadville, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:12:00","indexId":"sir20115085","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5085","title":"Hydrogeologic setting and simulation of groundwater flow near the Canterbury and Leadville Mine Drainage Tunnels, Leadville, Colorado","docAbstract":"The Leadville mining district is historically one of the most heavily mined regions in the world producing large quantities of gold, silver, lead, zinc, copper, and manganese since the 1860s. A multidisciplinary investigation was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, to characterize large-scale groundwater flow in a 13 square-kilometer region encompassing the Canterbury Tunnel and the Leadville Mine Drainage Tunnel near Leadville, Colorado. The primary objective of the investigation was to evaluate whether a substantial hydraulic connection is present between the Canterbury Tunnel and Leadville Mine Drainage Tunnel for current (2008) hydrologic conditions.\n\nAltitude in the Leadville area ranges from about 3,018 m (9,900 ft) along the Arkansas River valley to about 4,270 m (14,000 ft) along the Continental Divide east of Leadville, and the high altitude of the area results in a moderate subpolar climate. Winter precipitation as snow was about three times greater than summer precipitation as rain, and in general, both winter and summer precipitation were greatest at higher altitudes. Winter and summer precipitation have increased since 2002 coinciding with the observed water-level rise near the Leadville Mine Drainage Tunnel that began in 2003. The weather patterns and hydrology exhibit strong seasonality with an annual cycle of cold winters with large snowfall, followed by spring snowmelt, runoff, and recharge (high-flow) conditions, and then base-flow (low-flow) conditions in the fall prior to the next winter. Groundwater occurs in the Paleozoic and Precambrian fractured-rock aquifers and in a Quaternary alluvial aquifer along the East Fork Arkansas River, and groundwater levels also exhibit seasonal, although delayed, patterns in response to the annual hydrologic cycle.\n\nA three-dimensional digital representation of the extensively faulted bedrock was developed and a geophysical direct-current resistivity field survey was performed to evaluate the geologic structure of the study area. The results show that the Canterbury Tunnel is located in a downthrown structural block that is not in direct physical connection with the Leadville Mine Drainage Tunnel. The presence of this structural discontinuity implies there is no direct groundwater pathway between the tunnels along a laterally continuous bedrock unit.\n\nWater-quality results for pH and major-ion concentrations near the Canterbury Tunnel showed that acid mine drainage has not affected groundwater quality. Stable-isotope ratios of hydrogen and oxygen in water indicate that snowmelt is the primary source of groundwater recharge. On the basis of chlorofluorocarbon and tritium concentrations and mixing ratios for groundwater samples, young groundwater (groundwater recharged after 1953) was indicated at well locations upgradient from and in a fault block separate from the Canterbury Tunnel. Samples from sites downgradient from the Canterbury Tunnel were mixtures of young and old (pre-1953) groundwater and likely represent snowmelt recharge mixed with older regional groundwater that discharges from the bedrock units to the Arkansas River valley. Discharge from the Canterbury Tunnel contained the greatest percentage of old (pre-1953) groundwater with a mixture of about 25 percent young water and about 75 percent old water.\n\nA calibrated three-dimensional groundwater model representing high-flow conditions was used to evaluate large-scale flow characteristics of the groundwater and to assess whether a substantial hydraulic connection was present between the Canterbury Tunnel and Leadville Mine Drainage Tunnel. As simulated, the faults restrict local flow in many areas, but the fracture-damage zones adjacent to the faults allow groundwater to move along faults. Water-budget results indicate that groundwater flow across the lateral edges of the model controlled the majority of flow in and out of the aquifer (79 percent and 63 percent of the total water budget, respectively). The largest contributions to the water budget were groundwater entering from the upper reaches of the watershed and the hydrologic interaction of the groundwater with the East Fork Arkansas River. Potentiometric surface maps of the simulated model results were generated for depths of 50, 100, and 250 m. The surfaces revealed a positive trend in hydraulic head with land-surface altitude and evidence of increased control on fluid movement by the fault network structure at progressively greater depths in the aquifer.\n\nResults of advective particle-tracking simulations indicate that the sets of simulated flow paths for the Canterbury Tunnel and the Leadville Mine Drainage Tunnel were mutually exclusive of one another, which also suggested that no major hydraulic connection was present between the tunnels. Particle-tracking simulations also revealed that although the fault network generally restricted groundwater movement locally, hydrologic conditions were such that groundwater did cross the fault network at many locations. This cross-fault movement indicates that the fault network controls regional groundwater flow to some degree but is not a complete barrier to flow. The cumulative distributions of adjusted age results for the watershed indicate that approximately 30 percent of the flow pathways transmit groundwater that was younger than 68 years old (post-1941) and that about 70 percent of the flow pathways transmit old groundwater. The particle-tracking results are consistent with the apparent ages and mixing ratios developed from the chlorofluorocarbon and tritium results. The model simulations also indicate that approximately 50 percent of the groundwater flowing through the study area was less than 200 years old and about 50 percent of the groundwater flowing through the study area is old water stored in low-permeability geologic units and fault blocks. As a final examination of model response, the conductance parameters of the Canterbury Tunnel and Leadville Mine Drainage Tunnel were manually adjusted from the calibrated values to determine if altering the flow discharge in one tunnel affects the hydraulic behavior in the other tunnel. The examination showed no substantial hydraulic connection.\n\nThe multidisciplinary investigation yielded an improved understanding of groundwater characteristics near the Canterbury Tunnel and the Leadville Mine Drainage Tunnel. Movement of groundwater between the Canterbury Tunnel and Leadville Mine Drainage Tunnel that was central to this investigation could not be evaluated with strong certainty owing to the structural complexity of the region, study simplifications, and the absence of observation data within the upper sections of the Canterbury Tunnel and between the Canterbury Tunnel and the Leadville Mine Drainage Tunnel. There was, however, collaborative agreement between all of the analyses performed during this investigation that a substantial hydraulic connection did not exist between the Canterbury Tunnel and the Leadville Mine Drainage Tunnel under natural flow conditions near the time of this investigation.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115085","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment","usgsCitation":"Wellman, T., Paschke, S.S., Minsley, B., and Dupree, J.A., 2011, Hydrogeologic setting and simulation of groundwater flow near the Canterbury and Leadville Mine Drainage Tunnels, Leadville, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5085, viii, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115085.","productDescription":"viii, 56 p.","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":94411,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5085/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":116492,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5085.bmp"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Easting","country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Leadville","otherGeospatial":"Canterbury Tunnel;Leadville Mine Drainage Tunnel","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.31666666666666,39.233333333333334 ], [ -106.31666666666666,39.3 ], [ -106.23333333333333,39.3 ], [ -106.23333333333333,39.233333333333334 ], [ -106.31666666666666,39.233333333333334 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db62793a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wellman, Tristan P.","contributorId":56500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wellman","given":"Tristan P.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":353158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paschke, Suzanne S.","contributorId":14072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paschke","given":"Suzanne","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Minsley, Burke","contributorId":100699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minsley","given":"Burke","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dupree, Jean A. dupree@usgs.gov","contributorId":2563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dupree","given":"Jean","email":"dupree@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":353156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70005748,"text":"ofr20111223 - 2011 - Simulations of flow and prediction of sediment movement in Wymans Run, Cochranton Borough, Crawford County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:40","indexId":"ofr20111223","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1223","title":"Simulations of flow and prediction of sediment movement in Wymans Run, Cochranton Borough, Crawford County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"In small watersheds, runoff entering local waterways from large storms can cause rapid and profound changes in the streambed that can contribute to flooding. Wymans Run, a small stream in Cochranton Borough, Crawford County, experienced a large rain event in June 2008 that caused sediment to be deposited at a bridge. A hydrodynamic model, Flow and Sediment Transport and Morphological Evolution of Channels (FaSTMECH), which is incorporated into the U.S. Geological Survey Multi-Dimensional Surface-Water Modeling System (MD_SWMS) was constructed to predict boundary shear stress and velocity in Wymans Run using data from the June 2008 event. Shear stress and velocity values can be used to indicate areas of a stream where sediment, transported downstream, can be deposited on the streambed. Because of the short duration of the June 2008 rain event, streamflow was not directly measured but was estimated using U.S. Army Corps of Engineers one-dimensional Hydrologic Engineering Centers River Analysis System (HEC-RAS). Scenarios to examine possible engineering solutions to decrease the amount of sediment at the bridge, including bridge expansion, channel expansion, and dredging upstream from the bridge, were simulated using the FaSTMECH model. Each scenario was evaluated for potential effects on water-surface elevation, boundary shear stress, and velocity.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111223","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Crawford County Conservation District and Fairfield Township, Pennsylvania","usgsCitation":"Hittle, E., 2011, Simulations of flow and prediction of sediment movement in Wymans Run, Cochranton Borough, Crawford County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1223, x, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111223.","productDescription":"x, 25 p.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116336,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1223.png"},{"id":94410,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1223/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Crawford","city":"Cochranton","otherGeospatial":"Wymans Run","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.1,41.483333333333334 ], [ -80.1,41.53333333333333 ], [ -80.0175,41.53333333333333 ], [ -80.0175,41.483333333333334 ], [ -80.1,41.483333333333334 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abce4b07f02db6737bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hittle, Elizabeth","contributorId":103000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hittle","given":"Elizabeth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70005731,"text":"ofr20111201 - 2011 - Assessment of hyporheic zone, flood-plain, soil-gas, soil, and surface-water contamination at the Old Incinerator Area, Fort Gordon, Georgia, 2009-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-08T14:47:08","indexId":"ofr20111201","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1201","title":"Assessment of hyporheic zone, flood-plain, soil-gas, soil, and surface-water contamination at the Old Incinerator Area, Fort Gordon, Georgia, 2009-2010","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of the Army Environmental and Natural Resources Management Office of the U.S. Army Signal Center and Fort Gordon, Georgia, assessed the hyporheic zone, flood plain, soil gas, soil, and surface-water for contaminants at the Old Incinerator Area at Fort Gordon, from October 2009 to September 2010. The assessment included the detection of organic contaminants in the hyporheic zone, flood plain, soil gas, and surface water. In addition, the organic contaminant assessment included the analysis of explosives and chemical agents in selected areas. Inorganic contaminants were assessed in soil and surface-water samples. The assessment was conducted to provide environmental contamination data to the U.S. Army at Fort Gordon pursuant to requirements of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Part B Hazardous Waste Permit process. Total petroleum hydrocarbons were detected above the method detection level in all 13 samplers deployed in the hyporheic zone and flood plain of an unnamed tributary to Spirit Creek. The combined concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and total xylene were detected at 3 of the 13 samplers. Other organic compounds detected in one sampler included octane and trichloroethylene. In the passive soil-gas survey, 28 of the 60 samplers detected total petroleum hydrocarbons above the method detection level. Additionally, 11 of the 60 samplers detected the combined masses of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and total xylene above the method detection level. Other compounds detected above the method detection level in the passive soil-gas survey included octane, trimethylbenzene, perchlorethylene, and chloroform. Subsequent to the passive soil-gas survey, six areas determined to have relatively high contaminant mass were selected, and soil-gas samplers were deployed, collected, and analyzed for explosives and chemical agents. No explosives or chemical agents were detected above their method detection levels, but those that were detected were above the nondetection level. The same six locations that were sampled for explosives and chemical agents were selected for the collection of soil samples. No metals that exceeded the Regional Screening Levels for Industrial Soils as classified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency were detected at any of the six Old Incinerator Area locations. The soil samples also were compared to values from the ambient, uncontaminated (background) levels for soils in South Carolina. Because South Carolina is adjacent to Georgia and the soils in the coastal plain are similar, these comparisons are valid. No similar values are available for Georgia to use for comparison purposes. The only metal detected above the ambient background levels for South Carolina was barium. A surface-water sample collected from a tributary west and north of the Old Incinerator Area was analyzed for volatile organic compounds, semivolatile organic compounds, and inorganic compounds (metals). The only volatile organic and (or) semivolatile organic compound that was detected above the laboratory reporting level was toluene. The compounds 4-isopropyl-1-methylbenzene and isophorone were detected above the nondetection level but below the laboratory reporting level and were estimated. These compounds were detected at levels below the maximum contaminant levels set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency National Primary Drinking Water Standard. Iron was the only inorganic compound detected in the surface-water sample that exceeded the maximum contaminant level set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency National Secondary Drinking Water Standard. No other inorganic compounds exceeded the maximum contaminant levels for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency National Primary Drinking Water Standard, National Secondary Drinking Water Standard, or the Georgia In-Stream Water Quality Standard.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111201","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of the Army Environmental and Natural Resources Management Office of the U.S. Army Signal Center and Fort Gordon","usgsCitation":"Guimaraes, W.B., Falls, W.F., Caldwell, A.W., Ratliff, W.H., Wellborn, J.B., and Landmeyer, J., 2011, Assessment of hyporheic zone, flood-plain, soil-gas, soil, and surface-water contamination at the Old Incinerator Area, Fort Gordon, Georgia, 2009-2010: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1201, vi, 14 p.; Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111201.","productDescription":"vi, 14 p.; Tables","temporalStart":"2009-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116467,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1201.jpg"},{"id":94405,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1201/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.36666666666666,32.25 ], [ -82.36666666666666,32.5 ], [ -82,32.5 ], [ -82,32.25 ], [ -82.36666666666666,32.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab2e4b07f02db66ece2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guimaraes, Wladmir B. wbguimar@usgs.gov","contributorId":3818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guimaraes","given":"Wladmir","email":"wbguimar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Falls, W. Fred 0000-0003-2928-9795 wffalls@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2928-9795","contributorId":107754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falls","given":"W.","email":"wffalls@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Fred","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Caldwell, Andral W. 0000-0003-1269-5463 acaldwel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1269-5463","contributorId":3228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"Andral","email":"acaldwel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ratliff, W. Hagan","contributorId":60347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratliff","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Hagan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wellborn, John B.","contributorId":24822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wellborn","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Landmeyer, James 0000-0002-5640-3816 jlandmey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5640-3816","contributorId":3257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landmeyer","given":"James","email":"jlandmey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70005741,"text":"ds610 - 2011 - Water-quality data for the Russian River Basin, Mendocino and Sonoma Counties, California, 2005-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:40","indexId":"ds610","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"610","title":"Water-quality data for the Russian River Basin, Mendocino and Sonoma Counties, California, 2005-2010","docAbstract":"Since 2003, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Sonoma County Water Agency, has been collecting chemical, microbiological, and isotopic data from surface-water and groundwater sites in Mendocino and Sonoma Counties, California. The investigation is being conducted to determine water-quality baseline conditions for the Russian River during the summer months and to characterize the water-quality in the area of the Sonoma County Water Agency's water-supply facility where Russian River water is diverted and treated by riverbank filtration. This report is a compilation of the hydrologic and water-quality data collected from 14 Russian River sites, 8 tributary sites, 1 gravel-terrace pit site, 14 groundwater wells, and a wastewater treatment plant between the city of Ukiah and the town of Duncans Mills for the period August 2005 through October 2010.\nField measurements included discharge, barometric pressure, dissolved oxygen, pH, specific conductance, temperature, and turbidity. All samples were analyzed for nutrients, major ions, trace metals, total and dissolved organic carbon, organic wastewater compounds, standard bacterial indicators, and the stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen. Standard bacterial indicators included total coliform, Escherichia coli, enterococci, and Clostridium perfringens for the period 2005 through 2007, and total and fecal coliform, and enterococci for 2010. In addition, enrichment of enterococci was performed on all surface-water samples collected during summer 2006, for detection of the human-associated enterococcal surface protein in Enterococcus faecium to assess the presence of sewage effluent in the Russian River. Other analyses included organic wastewater compounds of bed sediment samples collected from four Russian River sites during 2005; carbon-13 isotopic values of the dissolved inorganic carbon for surface-water and groundwater samples collected during 2006; human-use pharmaceuticals on Russian River samples collected during 2007 and 2010; and the radiogenic isotopes tritium and carbon-14 for groundwater samples collected during 2008.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds610","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Sonoma County Water Agency","usgsCitation":"Anders, R., Davidek, K., and Stoeckel, D.M., 2011, Water-quality data for the Russian River Basin, Mendocino and Sonoma Counties, California, 2005-2010: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 610, x, 24 p.; Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds610.","productDescription":"x, 24 p.; Tables","temporalStart":"2005-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116466,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_610.jpg"},{"id":94407,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/610/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124,37.75 ], [ -124,39.5 ], [ -122,39.5 ], [ -122,37.75 ], [ -124,37.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5faa9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anders, Robert 0000-0002-2363-9072 randers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2363-9072","contributorId":1210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anders","given":"Robert","email":"randers@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davidek, Karl","contributorId":103372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davidek","given":"Karl","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stoeckel, Donald M.","contributorId":78384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoeckel","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70005732,"text":"sir20115079 - 2011 - Suspended sediment and bedload in the First Broad River Basin in Cleveland County, North Carolina, 2008-2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T11:03:21","indexId":"sir20115079","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5079","title":"Suspended sediment and bedload in the First Broad River Basin in Cleveland County, North Carolina, 2008-2009","docAbstract":"A study was conducted to characterize sediment transport upstream and downstream from a proposed dam on the First Broad River near the town of Lawndale in Cleveland County, North Carolina. Streamflow was measured continuously, and 381 suspended-sediment samples were collected between late March 2008 and September 2009 at two monitoring stations on the First Broad River to determine the suspended-sediment load at each site for the period April 2008-September 2009. In addition, 22 bedload samples were collected at the two sites to describe the relative contribution of bedload to total sediment load during selected events. Instantaneous streamflow, suspended-sediment, and bedload samples were collected at Knob Creek near Lawndale, North Carolina, to describe general suspended-sediment and bedload characteristics at this tributary to the First Broad River. Suspended- and bedload-sediment samples were collected at all three sites during a variety of flow conditions. Streamflow and suspended-sediment measurements were compared with historical data from a long-term (1959-2009) streamflow station located upstream from Lawndale. The mean streamflow at the long-term streamflow station was approximately 60 percent less during the study period than the long-term annual mean streamflow for the site. Suspended-sediment concentrations and continuous records of streamflow were used to estimate suspended-sediment loads and yields at the two monitoring stations on the First Broad River for the period April 2008-September 2009 and for a complete annual cycle (October 2008-September 2009), also known as a water year. Total suspended-sediment loads during water year 2009 were 18,700 and 36,500 tons at the two sites. High-flow events accounted for a large percentage of the total load, suggesting that the bulk of the total suspended-sediment load was transported during these events. Suspended-sediment yields during water year 2009 were 145 and 192 tons per square mile at the two monitoring stations. Historically, the estimated mean annual suspended-sediment yield at the long-term streamflow station during the period 1970-1979 was 250 tons per square mile, with an estimated mean annual suspended-sediment load of 15,000 tons. Drought conditions throughout most of the study period were a potential factor in the smaller yields at the monitoring stations compared to the yields estimated at the long-term streamflow station in the 1970s. During an extreme runoff event on January 7, 2009, bedload was 0.4 percent, 0.8 percent, and 0.1 percent of the total load at the three study sites, which indicates that during extreme runoff conditions the percentage of the total load that is bedload is not significant. The percentages of the total load that is bedload during low-flow conditions ranged from 0.1 to 90.8, which indicate that the bedload is variable both spatially and temporally.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115079","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Cleveland County Sanitary District, North Carolina","usgsCitation":"Hazell, W.F., and Huffman, B.A., 2011, Suspended sediment and bedload in the First Broad River Basin in Cleveland County, North Carolina, 2008-2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5079, viii, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115079.","productDescription":"viii, 19 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116468,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5079.jpg"},{"id":94406,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5079/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","county":"Cleveland County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-81.5338,35.567],[-81.5258,35.563],[-81.5102,35.5505],[-81.5085,35.5474],[-81.5111,35.5387],[-81.513,35.5174],[-81.4938,35.4895],[-81.4822,35.4737],[-81.4711,35.4548],[-81.4622,35.4354],[-81.4535,35.4201],[-81.3986,35.3531],[-81.3565,35.3309],[-81.3659,35.3181],[-81.3675,35.314],[-81.3594,35.3022],[-81.3548,35.2946],[-81.355,35.2796],[-81.3209,35.2609],[-81.3163,35.1906],[-81.3277,35.1637],[-81.3665,35.1654],[-81.4514,35.169],[-81.5202,35.1714],[-81.6215,35.175],[-81.6861,35.1773],[-81.71,35.1782],[-81.7679,35.1801],[-81.7664,35.2119],[-81.7027,35.3577],[-81.7,35.439],[-81.6942,35.4858],[-81.6963,35.5766],[-81.6855,35.5749],[-81.6762,35.5655],[-81.6575,35.5617],[-81.6461,35.561],[-81.6321,35.5634],[-81.6005,35.5684],[-81.5852,35.5677],[-81.5823,35.5623],[-81.5709,35.5597],[-81.558,35.5658],[-81.5484,35.5655],[-81.5383,35.5688],[-81.5338,35.567]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Cleveland\",\"state\":\"NC\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67abf4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hazell, William F. 0000-0001-9641-247X wfhazell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9641-247X","contributorId":2977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hazell","given":"William","email":"wfhazell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huffman, Brad A. 0000-0003-4025-1325 bahuffma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4025-1325","contributorId":1596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huffman","given":"Brad","email":"bahuffma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70005727,"text":"cir1196 - 2011 - Flow studies for recycling metal commodities in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:16:01","indexId":"cir1196","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1196","title":"Flow studies for recycling metal commodities in the United States","docAbstract":"As world population increases and the world economy expands, so does the demand for natural resources. An accurate assessment of the Nation's mineral resources must include not only the resources available in the ground but also those that become available through recycling. Supplying this information to decisionmakers is an essential part of the USGS commitment to providing the science that society needs to meet natural resource and environmental challenges.\nThe U.S. Geological Survey is authorized by Congress to collect, analyze, and disseminate data on the domestic and international supply of and demand for minerals essential to the U.S. economy and national security. This information on mineral occurrence, production, use, and recycling helps policymakers manage resources wisely.\nUSGS Circular 1196, \"Flow Studies for Recycling Metal Commodities in the United States,\" presents the results of flow studies for recycling 26 metal commodities, from aluminum to zinc. These metals are a key component of the U.S. economy. Overall, recycling accounts for more than 40 percent of the U.S. metal supply.\nMarcia K. McNutt\nDirector","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1196","usgsCitation":"Sibley, S.F., 2011, Flow studies for recycling metal commodities in the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1196, Circular 1196-A-Z-AA, 27 chapters, https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1196.","productDescription":"Circular 1196-A-Z-AA, 27 chapters","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":410,"text":"National Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116623,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir_1196.gif"},{"id":94389,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/circ1196/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de838","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sibley, Scott F.","contributorId":105426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sibley","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70005593,"text":"70005593 - 2011 - Genetic characterisation of Toxoplasma gondii in wildlife from North America revealed widespread and high prevalence of the fourth clonal type","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-16T19:06:06.144857","indexId":"70005593","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2024,"text":"International Journal for Parasitology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Genetic characterisation of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> in wildlife from North America revealed widespread and high prevalence of the fourth clonal type","title":"Genetic characterisation of Toxoplasma gondii in wildlife from North America revealed widespread and high prevalence of the fourth clonal type","docAbstract":"<p><span>Little is known of the genetic diversity of&nbsp;</span><i>Toxoplasma gondii</i><span>&nbsp;circulating in wildlife. In the present study wild animals, from the USA were examined for&nbsp;</span><i>T. gondii</i><span>&nbsp;infection. Tissues of naturally exposed animals were bioassayed in mice for isolation of viable parasites. Viable&nbsp;</span><i>T. gondii</i><span>&nbsp;was isolated from 31 animals including, to our knowledge for the first time, from a bald eagle (</span><i>Haliaeetus leucocephalus</i><span>), five gray wolves (</span><i>Canis lupus</i><span>), a woodrat (</span><i>Neotoma micropus)</i><span>, and five Arctic foxes&nbsp;</span><i>(Alopex lagopus)</i><span>. Additionally, 66&nbsp;</span><i>T. gondii</i><span>&nbsp;isolates obtained previously, but not genetically characterised, were revived in mice.&nbsp;</span><i>Toxoplasma gondii</i><span>&nbsp;DNA isolated from these 97 samples (31</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>+</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>66) was characterised using 11 PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers (SAG1, 5′- and 3′-SAG2, alt.SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22–8, c29–2, L358, PK1 and Apico). A total of 95 isolates were successfully genotyped. In addition to clonal Types II, and III, 12 different genotypes were found. These genotype data were combined with 74&nbsp;</span><i>T. gondii</i><span>&nbsp;isolates previously characterised from wildlife from North America and a composite data set of 169 isolates comprised 22 genotypes, including clonal Types II, III and 20 atypical genotypes. Phylogenetic network analysis showed limited diversity with dominance of a recently designated fourth clonal type (Type 12) in North America, followed by the Type II and III lineages. These three major lineages together accounted for 85% of strains in North America. The Type 12 lineage includes previously identified Type A and X strains from sea otters. This study revealed that the Type 12 lineage accounts for 46.7% (79/169) of isolates and is dominant in wildlife of North America. No clonal Type I strain was identified among these wildlife isolates. These results suggest that&nbsp;</span><i>T. gondii</i><span>&nbsp;strains in wildlife from North America have limited diversity, with the occurrence of only a few major clonal types.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpara.2011.06.005","usgsCitation":"Dubey, J., Velmurugan, G.V., Ragendran, C., Yabsley, M., Thomas, N., Beckmen, K., Sinnett, D., Ruid, D., Hart, J., Fair, P., McFee, W., Shearn-Bochsler, V., Kwok, O.C., Ferreira, L.R., Choudhary, S., Faria, E.B., Zhou, H., Felix, T.A., and Su, C., 2011, Genetic characterisation of Toxoplasma gondii in wildlife from North America revealed widespread and high prevalence of the fourth clonal type: International Journal for Parasitology, v. 41, no. 11, p. 1139-1147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2011.06.005.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1139","endPage":"1147","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-026516","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204458,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"North America","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -78.046875,\n              7.013667927566642\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.728515625,\n              8.667918002363134\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.5859375,\n              12.382928338487408\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.43359375,\n              13.496472765758964\n            ],\n            [\n             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B.","contributorId":107847,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Faria","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Zhou, H.","contributorId":71309,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhou","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Felix, T. A.","contributorId":16152,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Felix","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Su, C.","contributorId":18334,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Su","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19}]}}
,{"id":70005724,"text":"ofr20111238 - 2011 - Dynamically downscaled climate simulations over North America: Methods, evaluation, and supporting documentation for users","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:16:01","indexId":"ofr20111238","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1238","title":"Dynamically downscaled climate simulations over North America: Methods, evaluation, and supporting documentation for users","docAbstract":"We have completed an array of high-resolution simulations of present and future climate over Western North America (WNA) and Eastern North America (ENA) by dynamically downscaling global climate simulations using a regional climate model, RegCM3. The simulations are intended to provide long time series of internally consistent surface and atmospheric variables for use in climate-related research. In addition to providing high-resolution weather and climate data for the past, present, and future, we have developed an integrated data flow and methodology for processing, summarizing, viewing, and delivering the climate datasets to a wide range of potential users. Our simulations were run over 50- and 15-kilometer model grids in an attempt to capture more of the climatic detail associated with processes such as topographic forcing than can be captured by general circulation models (GCMs). The simulations were run using output from four GCMs. All simulations span the present (for example, 1968-1999), common periods of the future (2040-2069), and two simulations continuously cover 2010-2099. The trace gas concentrations in our simulations were the same as those of the GCMs: the IPCC 20th century time series for 1968-1999 and the A2 time series for simulations of the future. We demonstrate that RegCM3 is capable of producing present day annual and seasonal climatologies of air temperature and precipitation that are in good agreement with observations. Important features of the high-resolution climatology of temperature, precipitation, snow water equivalent (SWE), and soil moisture are consistently reproduced in all model runs over WNA and ENA. The simulations provide a potential range of future climate change for selected decades and display common patterns of the direction and magnitude of changes. As expected, there are some model to model differences that limit interpretability and give rise to uncertainties. Here, we provide background information about the GCMs and the RegCM3, a basic evaluation of the model output and examples of simulated future climate. We also provide information needed to access the web applications for visualizing and downloading the data, and give complete metadata that describe the variables in the datasets.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111238","usgsCitation":"Hostetler, S.W., Alder, J.R., and Allan, A., 2011, Dynamically downscaled climate simulations over North America: Methods, evaluation, and supporting documentation for users: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1238, vi, 14 p.; Appendices; High resolution images, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111238.","productDescription":"vi, 14 p.; Appendices; High resolution images","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116622,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1238.jpg"},{"id":94388,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1238/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a0bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hostetler, S. W. 0000-0003-2272-8302","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2272-8302","contributorId":42911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostetler","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alder, J. R.","contributorId":86096,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alder","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allan, A.M.","contributorId":72517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allan","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70005725,"text":"ofr20111200 - 2011 - Assessment of groundwater, soil-gas, and soil contamination at the Vietnam Armor Training Facility, Fort Gordon, Georgia, 2009-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-08T14:46:08","indexId":"ofr20111200","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1200","title":"Assessment of groundwater, soil-gas, and soil contamination at the Vietnam Armor Training Facility, Fort Gordon, Georgia, 2009-2010","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of the Army Environmental and Natural Resources Management Office of the U.S. Army Signal Center and Fort Gordon, Georgia, assessed the groundwater, soil gas, and soil for contaminants at the Vietnam Armor Training Facility (VATF) at Fort Gordon, from October 2009 to September 2010. The assessment included the detection of organic compounds in the groundwater and soil gas, and inorganic compounds in the soil. In addition, organic contaminant assessment included organic compounds classified as explosives and chemical agents in selected areas. The assessment was conducted to provide environmental contamination data to the U.S. Army at Fort Gordon pursuant to requirements of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Part B Hazardous Waste Permit process. Four passive samplers were deployed in groundwater wells at the VATF in Fort Gordon. Total petroleum hydrocarbons were detected above the method detection level at all four wells. The only other volatile organic compounds detected above their method detection level were undecane and pentadecane, which were detected in two of the four wells sampled. Soil-gas samplers were deployed at 72 locations in a grid pattern across the VATF. Total petroleum hydrocarbons were detected in 71 of the 72 samplers (one sampler was destroyed in the field and not analyzed) at levels above the method detection level, and the combined mass of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and total xylene was detected above the detection level in 31 of the 71 samplers that were analyzed. Other volatile organic compounds detected above their respective method detection levels were naphthalene, 2-methyl-naphthalene, tridecane, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, and perchloroethene. Subsequent to the soil-gas survey, four areas determined to have elevated contaminant mass were selected and sampled for explosives and chemical agents. No detections of explosives or chemical agents above their respective method detection levels were found at any of the sampling locations. The same four locations that were sampled for explosives and chemical agents were selected for the collection of soil samples. A fifth location also was selected on the basis of the elevated contaminant mass of the soil-gas survey. No metals that exceeded the Regional Screening Levels for Industrial Soils as classified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency were detected at any of the five VATF locations. The soil samples also were compared to values from the ambient, uncontaminated (background) levels for soils in South Carolina, as classified by the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control. Because South Carolina is adjacent to Georgia and the soils in the coastal plain are similar, these comparisons are valid. No similar values are available for Georgia to use for comparison purposes. The metals that were detected above the ambient background levels for South Carolina, as classified by the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control, include aluminum, arsenic, barium, beryllium, calcium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, magnesium, manganese, nickel, potassium, sodium, and zinc.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111200","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of the Army Environmental and Natural Resources Management Office of the U.S. Army Signal Center and Fort Gordon","usgsCitation":"Guimaraes, W.B., Falls, W.F., Caldwell, A.W., Ratliff, W.H., Wellborn, J.B., and Landmeyer, J., 2011, Assessment of groundwater, soil-gas, and soil contamination at the Vietnam Armor Training Facility, Fort Gordon, Georgia, 2009-2010: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1200, vi, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111200.","productDescription":"vi, 40 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116621,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1200.jpg"},{"id":94391,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1200/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Fort Gordon, Vietnam Armor Training Facility","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.42355346679688,\n              33.247301699949205\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.42355346679688,\n              33.54940663754663\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.01774597167969,\n              33.54940663754663\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.01774597167969,\n              33.247301699949205\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.42355346679688,\n              33.247301699949205\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db671fc0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guimaraes, Wladmir B. wbguimar@usgs.gov","contributorId":3818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guimaraes","given":"Wladmir","email":"wbguimar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Falls, W. 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,{"id":70157293,"text":"70157293 - 2011 - Using dissolved gases to observe the evolution of groundwater age in a mountain watershed over a period of thirteen years","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-10T15:31:34.997617","indexId":"70157293","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Using dissolved gases to observe the evolution of groundwater age in a mountain watershed over a period of thirteen years","docAbstract":"<p><span>Baseflows in snowmelt-dominated mountain streams are critical for sustaining ecosystems and water resources during periods of greatest demand. Future climate predictions for mountainous areas throughout much of the western U.S. include increasing temperatures, declining snowpacks, and earlier snowmelt periods. The degree to and rate at which these changes will affect baseflows in mountain streams remains unknown, largely because baseflows are groundwater-fed and the relationship between climate and groundwater recharge/discharge rates in mountain watersheds is uncertain. We use groundwater age determinations from multiple dissolved gas tracers (CFCs, SF6, and 3H/3He) to track changes in groundwater age over a period of thirteen years in the Sagehen Creek watershed, Sierra Nevada Mountains, CA. Data were collected from springs and wells in 2009 and 2010 and combined with those obtained in prior studies from 1997 to 2003. Apparent ages range from 0 to &gt;60 years. Comparison between variations in age and variations in snow water equivalent (SWE) and mean annual air temperature reveals the degree of correlation between these climate variables and recharge rate. Further, comparison of apparent ages from individual springs obtained at different times and using different tracers helps constrain the age distribution in the sampled waters. The age data are generally more consistent with an exponential age distribution than with piston-flow. However, many samples, even those with relatively old mean ages, must have a disproportionately large very young fraction that responds directly to annual SWE variations. These findings have important implications for how future baseflows may respond to decreasing SWE.</span></p>","conferenceTitle":"GSA Annual Meeting 2011","conferenceDate":"October 9-12 2011","conferenceLocation":"Minneapolis, Minnesota","language":"English","publisher":"The Geological Society of America","usgsCitation":"Manning, A.H., 2011, Using dissolved gases to observe the evolution of groundwater age in a mountain watershed over a period of thirteen years, GSA Annual Meeting 2011, Minneapolis, Minnesota, October 9-12 2011.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-035286","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308255,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sagehen Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.3061294555664,\n              39.40754990812657\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.19935607910156,\n              39.40754990812657\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.19935607910156,\n              39.44308680023237\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.3061294555664,\n              39.44308680023237\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.3061294555664,\n              39.40754990812657\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55fbe450e4b05d6c4e502918","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manning, Andrew H. 0000-0002-6404-1237 amanning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6404-1237","contributorId":1305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manning","given":"Andrew","email":"amanning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":572612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70005715,"text":"sim3175 - 2011 - Biostratigraphic data from Upper Cretaceous formations-eastern Wyoming, central Colorado, and northeastern New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:16:01","indexId":"sim3175","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3175","title":"Biostratigraphic data from Upper Cretaceous formations-eastern Wyoming, central Colorado, and northeastern New Mexico","docAbstract":"Lithological and paleontological studies of outcrops of Upper Cretaceous formations were conducted at 12 localities in eastern Wyoming, central Colorado, and northeastern New Mexico. The sequence extends upward from the top of the Mowry Shale, or age-equivalent rocks, through the Graneros Shale, Greenhorn Limestone, Carlile Shale, Niobrara Formation, Pierre Shale, and Fox Hills Sandstone, or age-equivalent formations, to the top of the Laramie Formation, or laterally equivalent formations. The strata are mainly siliciclastic and calcareous, with thicknesses ranging from about 3,300 ft in northeastern New Mexico to as much as 13,500 ft in eastern Wyoming. Deposition was mainly in marine environments and molluscan fossils of Cenomanian through Maastrichtian ages are common. Radiometric ages were determined from beds of bentonite that are associated with fossil zones.  The Upper Cretaceous formations at the 12 study localities are herein divided into three informal time-stratigraphic units based on fossil content and contact relations with adjacent strata. The basal unit in most places extends from the base of the Graneros to the top of the Niobrara, generally to the horizon of the fossil Scaphites hippocrepis, and spans a period of about 14 million years. The middle unit generally extends from the top of the Niobrara to the approximate middle of the Pierre, the horizon of the fossil Baculites gregoryensis, and represents a period of about 5 million years. The upper unit includes strata between the middle of the Pierre and the top of the Upper Cretaceous Series, which is the top of the Laramie Formation or of laterally equivalent formations; it represents a period of deposition of as much as 11 million years.  Comparisons of the collections of fossils from each outcrop with the complete sequence of Upper Cretaceous index fossils can indicate disconformable contacts and lacunae. Widespread disconformities have been found within the Carlile Shale and between the Carlile Shale and the Niobrara Formation. Less extensive disconformities are within the Greenhorn Formation, the Niobrara Formation, and the Pierre Shale.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3175","usgsCitation":"Merewether, E., Cobban, W.A., and Obradovich, J.D., 2011, Biostratigraphic data from Upper Cretaceous formations-eastern Wyoming, central Colorado, and northeastern New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3175, Sheet 1: 66.30 inches x 36.64 inches; Sheet 2: 65.40 inches x 30.74 inches: Pamphlet: iii, 10 p.; Figure 1; Figure 2; Figure 3, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3175.","productDescription":"Sheet 1: 66.30 inches x 36.64 inches; Sheet 2: 65.40 inches x 30.74 inches: Pamphlet: iii, 10 p.; Figure 1; Figure 2; Figure 3","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":308,"text":"Geology and Environmental Change Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116627,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3175.png"},{"id":94387,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3175/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"state":"Wyoming;Colorado;New Mexico","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a34e4b07f02db61a10a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Merewether, E.A.","contributorId":32517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merewether","given":"E.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cobban, W. A.","contributorId":21577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cobban","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Obradovich, J. D.","contributorId":48966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Obradovich","given":"J.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70005709,"text":"ofr20111250 - 2011 - <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar age-spectrum data for hornblende, biotite, white mica, and K-feldspar samples from metamorphic rocks in the Great Smoky Mountains of North Carolina and Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-31T10:08:26","indexId":"ofr20111250","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-1250","title":"<sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar age-spectrum data for hornblende, biotite, white mica, and K-feldspar samples from metamorphic rocks in the Great Smoky Mountains of North Carolina and Tennessee","docAbstract":"<p>This report contains reduced <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar data of hornblende, biotite, white mica and (or) sericite, and potassium-feldspar mineral separates and phyllite groundmass samples from metamorphic rocks of the Great Smoky Mountains in North Carolina and Tennessee. Included in this report are information on the location of the samples and a brief description of the samples. The data contained herein are not interpreted in a geological context, and care should be taken by users unfamiliar with argon isotopic data in the use of these results. No geological meaning is implied for any of the apparent ages presented below, and many of the individual apparent ages are not geologically meaningful. This report is primarily a detailed source document for subsequent publications that will integrate these data into a geological context. All the samples in this report were collected in and around the Great Smoky Mountain National Park in western North Carolina and eastern Tennessee.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20111250","usgsCitation":"Kunk, M.J., and McAleer, R., 2011, <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar age-spectrum data for hornblende, biotite, white mica, and K-feldspar samples from metamorphic rocks in the Great Smoky Mountains of North Carolina and Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1250, iv, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111250.","productDescription":"iv, 56 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":116593,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2011_1250.gif"},{"id":94381,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1250/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Great Smoky Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.53,\n              35.38\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.53,\n              36\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.855,\n              36\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.85,\n              35.38\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.53,\n              35.38\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd493ae4b0b290850ef004","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kunk, Michael J. 0000-0003-4424-7825 mkunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4424-7825","contributorId":200968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunk","given":"Michael","email":"mkunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McAleer, Ryan J. 0000-0003-3801-7441 rmcaleer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3801-7441","contributorId":5301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAleer","given":"Ryan J.","email":"rmcaleer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":353100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70005707,"text":"sir20115088 - 2011 - Analysis of the transport of sediment by the Suncook River in Epsom, Pembroke, and Allenstown, New Hampshire, after the May 2006 flood","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:41","indexId":"sir20115088","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5088","title":"Analysis of the transport of sediment by the Suncook River in Epsom, Pembroke, and Allenstown, New Hampshire, after the May 2006 flood","docAbstract":"During May 13-16, 2006, rainfall in excess of 8.8 inches flooded central and southern New Hampshire. On May 15, 2006, a breach in a bank of the Suncook River in Epsom, New Hampshire, caused the river to follow a new path. In order to assess and predict the effect of the sediment in, and the subsequent flooding on, the river and flood plain, a study by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) characterizing sediment transport in the Suncook River was undertaken in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and the New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services (NHDES). The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Hydrologic Engineering Center-River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) model was used to simulate flow and the transport of noncohesive sediments in the Suncook River from the upstream corporate limit of Epsom to the river's confluence with the Merrimack River in the Village of Suncook (Allenstown and Pembroke, N.H.), a distance of approximately 16 miles. In addition to determining total sediment loads, analyses in this study reflect flooding potentials for selected recurrence intervals that are based on the Suncook River streamgage flow data (streamgage 01089500) and on streambed elevations predicted by HEC-RAS for the end of water year 2010 (September 30, 2010) in the communities of Epsom, Pembroke, and Allenstown. This report presents changes in streambed and water-surface elevations predicted by the HEC-RAS model using data through the end of water year 2010 for the 50-, 10-, 2-, 1-, 0.2-percent annual exceedence probabilities (2-, 10-, 50-, 100-, and 500-year recurrence-interval floods, respectively), calculated daily and annual total sediment loads, and a determination of aggrading and degrading stream reaches. The model was calibrated and evaluated for a 400-day span from May 8, 2008 through June 11, 2009; these two dates coincided with field collection of stream cross-sectional elevation data. Seven sediment-transport functions were evaluated in the model with the Laursen (Copeland) sediment-transport function best describing the sediment load, transport behavior, and changes in streambed elevation for the specified spatial and temporal conditions of the 400-day calibration period. Simulation results from the model and field-collected sediment data indicate that, downstream of the avulsion channel, for the average daily mean flow during the study period, approximately 100 to 400 tons per day of sediment (varying with daily mean flow) was moving past the Short Falls Road Bridge over the Suncook River in Epsom, while approximately 0.05 to 0.5 tons per day of sediment was moving past the Route 28 bridge in Pembroke and Allenstown, and approximately 1 to 10 tons per day was moving past the Route 3 bridge in Pembroke and Allenstown. Changes in water-surface elevation that the model predicted for the end of water year 2010 to be a result of changes in streambed elevation ranged from a mean increase of 0.20 feet (ft) for the 50-percent annual exceedence-probability flood (2-year recurrence-interval flood) due to an average thalweg increase of 0.88 ft between the Short Falls Road Bridge and the Buck Street Dams in Pembroke and Allenstown to a mean decrease of 0.41 ft for the 50-percent annual exceedence-probability flood due to an average thalweg decrease of 0.49 ft above the avulsion in Epsom. An analysis of shear stress (force created by a fluid acting on sediment particles) was undertaken to determine potential areas of erosion and deposition. Based on the median grain size (d50) and shear stress analysis, the study found that in general, for floods greater than the 50-percent annual exceedence probability flood, the shear stress in the streambed is greater than the critical shear stress in much of the river study reach. The result is an expectation of streambed-sediment movement and erosion even at high exceedence-probability events, pending although the stream ultimately attains equilibrium through stream-stabilization measures or the adjustment of the river over time. The potential for aggradation in the Suncook River is greatest in the reach downstream of the avulsion. Specifically, these reaches are (1) downstream of the former sand pit from adjacent to Round Pond to downstream of the flood chute at the large meander bends, and (2) downstream of the Short Falls Road Bridge to approximately 3,800 ft upstream of the Route 28 bridge. The potential for degradation-net lowering of the streambed-is greatest for the reach upstream of the avulsion to the Route 4 bridge.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115088","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency and the New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services","usgsCitation":"Flynn, R.H., 2011, Analysis of the transport of sediment by the Suncook River in Epsom, Pembroke, and Allenstown, New Hampshire, after the May 2006 flood: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5088, x, 69 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115088.","productDescription":"x, 69 p.; Appendices","temporalStart":"2008-05-08","temporalEnd":"2010-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":468,"text":"New Hampshire-Vermont Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116029,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5088.gif"},{"id":94380,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5088/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire","county":"Merrimack","city":"Epsom;Pembroke;Allenstown","otherGeospatial":"Suncook River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -72.5,42.5 ], [ -72.5,43.75 ], [ -70.75,43.75 ], [ -70.75,42.5 ], [ -72.5,42.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acee4b07f02db67ff07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flynn, Robert H. rflynn@usgs.gov","contributorId":2137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flynn","given":"Robert","email":"rflynn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70005714,"text":"sir20115174 - 2011 - Vegetation of Lacassine National Wildlife Refuge, Louisiana-Recent plant communities with comparison to a three-decade-old survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:12:01","indexId":"sir20115174","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5174","title":"Vegetation of Lacassine National Wildlife Refuge, Louisiana-Recent plant communities with comparison to a three-decade-old survey","docAbstract":"Shifts in plant community composition and structure can affect the quality of habitat for wildlife species. Lacassine National Wildlife Refuge in southwestern Louisiana was established in 1937 with a primary goal of providing habitat for wintering waterfowl species. A large freshwater impoundment constructed on the refuge to improve waterfowl habitat value was completed in 1943. About 10 years after construction was completed, staff at the refuge became concerned that emergent vegetation cover was increasing in the impoundment over time while open water areas, which are critical as foraging and resting areas for waterfowl, were decreasing. To document vegetation change over time, we collected information on plant community species composition for comparison to similar data collected in 1973. A total of 84 sampling plots was established in 2006 within the impoundment to coincide as closely as possible to plots sampled in the earlier study. Plant species composition and cover were recorded at each plot in the summers of 2006 and 2007.  Change between sampling events separated by more than three decades was determined by comparing the frequency of occurrence of 20 species identified in 1973 to their frequency in 2006 and 2007. Interannual variation was determined by comparing plot data between 2006 and 2007. In plots dominated by emergent vegetation, it was found that Bacopa caroliniana, Eleocharis equisetoides, Leersia hexandra, Panicum hemitomon, and Sagittaria lancifolia were significantly less frequent in 2006 and 2007 than in 1973. The frequency of Brasenia schreberi, Cabomba caroliniana, Nitella gracilis, and Nymphoides aquatica was significantly lower in 2006 and 2007 than in 1973 in plots dominated by floating-leaved plants, submersed plants, or open water.  In 2007, Hydrocotyle sp. and Sacciolepis striata were more frequent than in 1973 in emergent vegetation plots, and Utricularia sp. was more frequent in submersed or open-water plots. We documented interannual variation by an increase in species richness, the Shannon diversity index, and evenness of species distribution within plots in 2007 compared to 2006. The total cover by species did not differ between years, but the frequency of seven species was greater in 2007 compared to 2006 while the frequency of unvegetated surface was lower. Results indicated that the occurrence of some species varied between both 2006 and 2007 and 1973, but the lack of complete data from the 1973 study limits confidence in this conclusion. The interannual variation documented between 2006 and 2007 may be due to several factors, including a response to weather conditions or to recovery from the impacts of Hurricane Rita, which impacted Lacassine National Wildlife Refuge in the fall of 2005 and likely raised salinity levels in the impoundment. More information is needed to determine if the interannual variation identified in the plant communities of Lacassine National Wildlife Refuge between 2006 and 2007 was unusual or represents normal variation.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115174","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Howard, R.J., Michot, T.C., and Allain, L., 2011, Vegetation of Lacassine National Wildlife Refuge, Louisiana-Recent plant communities with comparison to a three-decade-old survey: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5174, vi, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115174.","productDescription":"vi, 16 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116626,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5174.gif"},{"id":94386,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5174/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -93,29.833333333333332 ], [ -93,30.083333333333332 ], [ -92.75,30.083333333333332 ], [ -92.75,29.833333333333332 ], [ -93,29.833333333333332 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db688694","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howard, Rebecca J. 0000-0001-7264-4364 howardr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7264-4364","contributorId":2429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Rebecca","email":"howardr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Michot, Thomas C. 0000-0002-7044-987X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7044-987X","contributorId":57935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michot","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allain, Larry 0000-0002-7717-9761","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7717-9761","contributorId":63108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allain","given":"Larry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70005710,"text":"ds640 - 2011 - Geophysical characterization of the Lollie Levee near Conway, Arkansas, using capacitively coupled resistivity, coring, and direct push logging","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:12:01","indexId":"ds640","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"640","title":"Geophysical characterization of the Lollie Levee near Conway, Arkansas, using capacitively coupled resistivity, coring, and direct push logging","docAbstract":"A geophysical characterization of Lollie Levee near Conway, Arkansas, was conducted in February 2011. A capacitively coupled resistivity survey (using Geometric's OhmMapper) was completed along the top and toe of the 6.7-mile levee. Two-dimensional inversions were conducted on the geophysical data. As a quality-control measure, cores and direct push logs were taken at approximately 1-mile intervals along the levee.  The capacitively coupled resistivity survey, the coring, and the direct push logs were used to characterize the geologic materials. Comparison of the cores and the direct push log data, along with published resistivity values, indicates that resistivity values of 200 Ohm-meters or greater represent relatively clean sand, with decreasing resistivity values occurring with increasing silt and clay content. The cores indicated that the levee is composed of a heterogeneous mixture of sand, silt, and clay. The capacitively coupled resistivity sections confirm that the levee is composed of a heterogeneous mixture of high and low resistivity materials and show that the composition of the levee varies spatially. The geologic materials underlying the levee vary spatially as a result of the geologic processes that deposited them. In general, the naturally deposited geologic materials underlying the levee contain a greater amount of low resistivity materials in the southern extent of the levee.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds640","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Faulkner County","usgsCitation":"Gillip, J.A., and Payne, J., 2011, Geophysical characterization of the Lollie Levee near Conway, Arkansas, using capacitively coupled resistivity, coring, and direct push logging: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 640, iv, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds640.","productDescription":"iv, 27 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116592,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_640.gif"},{"id":94383,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/640/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"state":"Arkansas","county":"Faulkner","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.63333333333334,34.96666666666667 ], [ -92.63333333333334,35.06666666666667 ], [ -92.5,35.06666666666667 ], [ -92.5,34.96666666666667 ], [ -92.63333333333334,34.96666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bdee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gillip, Jonathan A. jgillip@usgs.gov","contributorId":3222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gillip","given":"Jonathan","email":"jgillip@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Payne, Jason  0000-0003-4294-7924 jdpayne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4294-7924","contributorId":1062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payne","given":"Jason ","email":"jdpayne@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":353101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70005713,"text":"ds636 - 2011 - Quality of surface water in Missouri, water year 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:40","indexId":"ds636","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"636","title":"Quality of surface water in Missouri, water year 2010","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Natural Resources, designs and operates a series of monitoring stations on streams throughout Missouri known as the Ambient Water-Quality Monitoring Network. During the 2010 water year (October 1, 2009 through September 30, 2010), data were collected at 75 stations-72 Ambient Water-Quality Monitoring Network stations, 2 U.S. Geological Survey National Stream Quality Accounting Network stations, and 1 spring sampled in cooperation with the U.S. Forest Service. Dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, water temperature, suspended solids, suspended sediment, fecal coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli bacteria, dissolved nitrate plus nitrite, total phosphorus, dissolved and total recoverable lead and zinc, and select pesticide compound summaries are presented for 72 of these stations. The stations primarily have been classified into groups corresponding to the physiography of the State, primary land use, or unique station types. In addition, a summary of hydrologic conditions in the State including peak discharges, monthly mean discharges, and 7-day low flow is presented.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds636","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Barr, M.N., 2011, Quality of surface water in Missouri, water year 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 636, iv, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds636.","productDescription":"iv, 21 p.","temporalStart":"2009-10-01","temporalEnd":"2010-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116591,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_636.jpg"},{"id":94385,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/636/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"state":"Missouri","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -96,36 ], [ -96,41 ], [ -89,41 ], [ -89,36 ], [ -96,36 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8fe4b07f02db654d29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barr, Miya N. 0000-0002-9961-9190 mnbarr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9961-9190","contributorId":3686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barr","given":"Miya","email":"mnbarr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70005704,"text":"cir1196AA - 2011 - Overview of flow studies for recycling metal commodities in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:59","indexId":"cir1196AA","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1196","chapter":"AA","title":"Overview of flow studies for recycling metal commodities in the United States","docAbstract":"Metal supply consists of primary material from a mining operation and secondary material, which is composed of new and old scrap. Recycling, which is the use of secondary material, can contribute significantly to metal production, sometimes accounting for more than 50 percent of raw material supply. From 2001 to 2011, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists studied 26 metals to ascertain the status and magnitude of their recycling industries. The results were published in chapters A-Z of USGS Circular 1196, entitled, \"Flow Studies for Recycling Metal Commodities in the United States.\" These metals were aluminum (chapter W), antimony (Q), beryllium (P), cadmium (O), chromium (C), cobalt (M), columbium (niobium) (I), copper (X), germanium (V), gold (A), iron and steel (G), lead (F), magnesium (E), manganese (H), mercury (U), molybdenum (L), nickel (Z), platinum (B), selenium (T), silver (N), tantalum (J), tin (K), titanium (Y), tungsten (R), vanadium (S), and zinc (D). Each metal commodity was assigned to a single year: chapters A-M have recycling data for 1998; chapters N-R and U-W have data for 2000, and chapters S, T, and X-Z have data for 2004. This 27th chapter of Circular 1196 is called AA; it includes salient data from each study described in chapters A-Z, along with an analysis of overall trends of metals recycling in the United States during 1998 through 2004 and additional up-to-date reviews of selected metal recycling industries from 1991 through 2008. In the United States for these metals in 1998, 2000, and 2004 (each metal commodity assigned to a single year), 84 million metric tons (Mt) of old scrap was generated. Unrecovered old scrap totaled 43 Mt (about 51 percent of old scrap generated, OSG), old scrap consumed was 38 Mt (about 45 percent of OSG), and net old scrap exports were 3.3 Mt (about 4 percent of OSG). Therefore, there was significant potential for increased recovery from scrap. The total old scrap supply was 88 Mt, and the overall new-to-old-scrap ratio was 36:64. On a weighted-average basis, the recycling rate overall for these metals was 40 percent, and the estimated efficiency of recovery was 63 percent. New scrap consumed was 21 Mt. The United States was a net exporter of most scrap metals, and the net exports of 3.3 Mt were valued at $2 billion in constant 1998 dollars. Metals show a wide range of recycling rates, recycling efficiency, and new-to-old-scrap ratios. Recycling rates cluster in the range from 15 to 45 percent, whereas efficiencies are fairly evenly distributed over a range from 7 to 97 percent.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1196AA","collaboration":"Chap. AA of Sibley, S.F., ed., Flow studies for recycling metal commodities in the United States","usgsCitation":"Sibley, S.F., 2011, Overview of flow studies for recycling metal commodities in the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1196, vi, 23 p.; Appendices; PDF Download of Table 2: 11 x 17 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1196AA.","productDescription":"vi, 23 p.; Appendices; PDF Download of Table 2: 11 x 17 inches","startPage":"i","endPage":"25","numberOfPages":"31","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116028,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir_1196_AA.gif"},{"id":94379,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/circ1196-AA/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a1e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sibley, Scott F.","contributorId":105426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sibley","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70005596,"text":"70005596 - 2011 - Effects of wetland vs. landscape variables on parasite communities of Rana pipiens: Links to anthropogenic factors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-17T10:59:53.485688","indexId":"70005596","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Effects of wetland vs. landscape variables on parasite communities of <i>Rana pipiens</i>: Links to anthropogenic factors","title":"Effects of wetland vs. landscape variables on parasite communities of Rana pipiens: Links to anthropogenic factors","docAbstract":"<p>The emergence of several diseases affecting amphibian populations worldwide has prompted investigations into determinants of the occurrence and abundance of parasites in frogs. To understand the spatial scales and identify specific environmental factors that determine risks of parasitism in frogs, helminth communities in metamorphic frogs of the northern leopard frog (<i>Rana pipiens</i>) were examined in relation to wetland and landscape factors at local (1 km) and regional (10 km) spatial extents in an agricultural region of Minnesota (USA) using regression analyses, ordination, and variance partitioning techniques. Greater amounts of forested and woody wetland habitats, shorter distances between woody wetlands, and smaller-sized open water patches in surrounding landscapes were the most consistently positive correlates with the abundances, richness, and diversity of helminths found in the frogs. Wetland and local landscape variables were suggested as most important for larval trematode abundances, whereas local and regional landscape variables appeared most important for adult helminths. As previously reported, the sum concentration of atrazine and its metabolite desethylatrazine, was the strongest predictor of larval trematode communities. In this report, we highlight the additional influences of landscape factors. In particular, our data suggest that anthropogenic activities that have resulted in the loss of the availability and connectivity of suitable habitats in the surrounding landscapes of wetlands are associated with declines in helminth richness and abundance, but that alteration of wetland water quality through eutrophication or pesticide contamination may facilitate the transmission of certain parasite taxa when they are present at wetlands. Although additional research is needed to quantify the negative effects of parasitism on frog populations, efforts to reduce inputs of agrochemicals into wetlands to limit larval trematode infections may be warranted, given the current high rates of amphibian declines and extinction events.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/10-0374.1","usgsCitation":"Schotthoefer, A.M., Rohr, J.R., Cole, R.A., Koehler, A., Johnson, C.M., Johnson, L.B., and Beasley, V.R., 2011, Effects of wetland vs. landscape variables on parasite communities of Rana pipiens: Links to anthropogenic factors: Ecological Applications, v. 21, no. 4, p. 1257-1271, https://doi.org/10.1890/10-0374.1.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1257","endPage":"1271","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-019157","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health 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 \"}}]}","volume":"21","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60fb5c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schotthoefer, Anna M.","contributorId":12184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schotthoefer","given":"Anna","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rohr, Jason R.","contributorId":18502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rohr","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cole, Rebecca A. 0000-0003-2923-1622 rcole@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2923-1622","contributorId":2873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"Rebecca","email":"rcole@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Koehler, Anson V.","contributorId":73740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koehler","given":"Anson V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Catherine M.","contributorId":53939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Catherine","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Johnson, Lucinda B.","contributorId":32291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Lucinda","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Beasley, Val R.","contributorId":47077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beasley","given":"Val","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70005573,"text":"70005573 - 2011 - Augmenting superpopulation capture-recapture models with population assignment data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:16:01","indexId":"70005573","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1039,"text":"Biometrics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Augmenting superpopulation capture-recapture models with population assignment data","docAbstract":"Ecologists applying capture-recapture models to animal populations sometimes have access to additional information about individuals' populations of origin (e.g., information about genetics, stable isotopes, etc.). Tests that assign an individual's genotype to its most likely source population are increasingly used. Here we show how to augment a superpopulation capture-recapture model with such information. We consider a single superpopulation model without age structure, and split each entry probability into separate components due to births in situ and immigration. We show that it is possible to estimate these two probabilities separately. We first consider the case of perfect information about population of origin, where we can distinguish individuals born in situ from immigrants with certainty. Then we consider the more realistic case of imperfect information, where we use genetic or other information to assign probabilities to each individual's origin as in situ or outside the population. We use a resampling approach to impute the true population of origin from imperfect assignment information. The integration of data on population of origin with capture-recapture data allows us to determine the contributions of immigration and in situ reproduction to the growth of the population, an issue of importance to ecologists. We illustrate our new models with capture-recapture and genetic assignment data from a population of banner-tailed kangaroo rats Dipodomys spectabilis in Arizona.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biometrics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","usgsCitation":"Wen, Z., Pollock, K., Nichols, J., and Waser, P., 2011, Augmenting superpopulation capture-recapture models with population assignment data: Biometrics, v. 67, no. 3, p. 691-700.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"691","endPage":"700","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204446,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":94370,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1541-0420.2010.01522.x/abstract","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"67","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8fe4b07f02db655602","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wen, Zhi","contributorId":30348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wen","given":"Zhi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pollock, Kenneth","contributorId":38273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollock","given":"Kenneth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nichols, James","contributorId":26059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Waser, Peter","contributorId":30745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waser","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70005407,"text":"70005407 - 2011 - Population assessment and potential functional roles of native mussels in the Upper Mississippi River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-06T15:15:44.512971","indexId":"70005407","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":862,"text":"Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population assessment and potential functional roles of native mussels in the Upper Mississippi River","docAbstract":"1. Despite a heightened global concern for native mussels, fundamental research on mussel ecology in large rivers is lacking. These gaps in knowledge about where mussels occur, and why, are limiting habitat restoration activities.  2. Large-scale systematic surveys for native mussels in three reaches of the Upper Mississippi River documented mussel communities composed of 16&ndash;23 species and ranging from 2.9&ndash;4.5 live mussels m<sup>-2</sup> that were actively recruiting new cohorts into their populations (87&ndash;100% of the species were found as juveniles 5 years old). Estimates of mean tissue biomass and production in these reaches ranged from 2.1&ndash;3.1 g C m<sup>-2</sup> and 0.4&ndash;0.6 g C m<sup>-2</sup>year<sup>-1</sup>, respectively.  3. Mussels filtered a significant amount of water (range, 0.05&ndash;0.07 m<sup>3</sup>m<sup>-2</sup>d<sup>-1</sup>) over a 480 km reach of the Upper Mississippi River &mdash; amounting to a filtration rate of 53.1 million m<sup>3</sup>day<sup>-1</sup>. The filtration rate of mussels as a percentage of river discharge ranged from 0.5&ndash;1.4% at high flows (5% exceedance), from 1.5&ndash;4.4% at moderate flows (50% exceedance) and from 4.4&ndash;12.2% during low flows (95% exceedance).  4. Collectively, these data suggest that native mussels play an integral role in this ecosystem by sequestering suspended materials that can be used by other benthic organisms.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1002/aqc.1170","usgsCitation":"Newton, T., Zigler, S.J., Rogala, J.T., Gray, B.R., and Davis, M., 2011, Population assessment and potential functional roles of native mussels in the Upper Mississippi River: Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, v. 21, no. 2, p. 122-131, https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.1170.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"122","endPage":"131","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204470,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.384765625,\n              36.84446074079564\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.1650390625,\n              37.579412513438385\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.912109375,\n              38.51378825951165\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.3955078125,\n              39.40224434029275\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.966796875,\n              40.27952566881291\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.82421875,\n              42.032974332441405\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.7470703125,\n              42.97250158602597\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.2744140625,\n              44.465151013519616\n            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szigler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4153-0652","contributorId":2410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zigler","given":"Steven","email":"szigler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rogala, James T. 0000-0002-1954-4097 jrogala@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1954-4097","contributorId":2651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogala","given":"James","email":"jrogala@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gray, Brian R. 0000-0001-7682-9550 brgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7682-9550","contributorId":2615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"Brian","email":"brgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Davis, Mike","contributorId":50284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Mike","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70005699,"text":"sir20115110 - 2011 - Thermal mapping of Hawaiian volcanoes with ASTER satellite data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-27T19:19:07.928554","indexId":"sir20115110","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2011-5110","title":"Thermal mapping of Hawaiian volcanoes with ASTER satellite data","docAbstract":"Thermal mapping of volcanoes is important to determine baseline thermal behavior in order to judge future thermal activity that may precede an eruption. We used cloud-free kinetic temperature images from the ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer) sensor obtained between 2000 and 2010 to produce thermal maps for all five subaerial volcanoes in Hawai&#145;i that have had eruptions in the Holocene (K&#299;lauea, Mauna Loa, Hual&#257;lai, Mauna Kea, and Haleakal&#257;). We stacked the images to provide time-averaged thermal maps, as well as to analyze temperature trends through time. Thermal areas are conspicuous at the summits and rift zones of K&#299;lauea and Mauna Loa, and the summit calderas of these volcanoes contain obvious arcuate, concentric linear thermal areas that probably result from channeling of rising gas along buried, historical intracaldera scarps. The only significant change in thermal activity noted in the study period is the opening of the Halema&#145;uma&#145;u vent at K&#299;lauea's summit in 2008. Several small thermal anomalies are coincident with pit craters on Hual&#257;lai. We suspect that these simply result from the sheltered nature of the depression, but closer inspection is warranted to determine if genuine thermal activity exists in the craters. Thermal areas were not detected on Haleakal&#257; or Mauna Kea. The main limitation of the study is the large pixel size (90 m) of the ASTER images, which reduces our ability to detect subtle changes or to identify small, low-temperature thermal activity. This study, therefore, is meant to characterize the broad, large-scale thermal features on these volcanoes. Future work should study these thermal areas with thermal cameras and thermocouples, which have a greater ability to detect small, low-temperature thermal features.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115110","usgsCitation":"Patrick, M.R., and Witzke, C., 2011, Thermal mapping of Hawaiian volcanoes with ASTER satellite data: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5110, iv, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115110.","productDescription":"iv, 22 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2000-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116561,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2011_5110.gif"},{"id":94364,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5110/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea, Mauna Loa, Haulalai, Mauna Kea, Haleakala","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -157,19 ], [ -157,21 ], [ -155,21 ], [ -155,19 ], [ -157,19 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a55e4b07f02db62cf48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Patrick, Matthew R. 0000-0002-8042-6639 mpatrick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8042-6639","contributorId":2070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patrick","given":"Matthew","email":"mpatrick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Witzke, Coral-Nadine","contributorId":30746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witzke","given":"Coral-Nadine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70005698,"text":"sim3158 - 2011 - Geologic map of the Metis Mons quadrangle (V&ndash;6), Venus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-15T21:48:52.45365","indexId":"sim3158","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3158","title":"Geologic map of the Metis Mons quadrangle (V&ndash;6), Venus","docAbstract":"The Metis Mons quadrangle (V&ndash;6) in the northern hemisphere of Venus (lat 50&deg; to 75&deg; N., long 240&deg; to 300&deg; E.) includes a variety of coronae, large volcanoes, ridge and fracture (structure) belts, tesserae, impact craters, and other volcanic and structural features distributed within a plains setting, affording study of their detailed age relations and evolutionary development. Coronae in particular have magmatic, tectonic, and topographic signatures that indicate complex evolutionary histories.  Previously, the geology of the map region has been described either in general or narrowly focused investigations. Based on Venera radar mapping, a 1:15,000,000-scale geologic map of part of the northern hemisphere of Venus included the V&ndash;6 map region and identified larger features such as tesserae, smooth and hummocky plains materials, ridge belts, coronae, volcanoes, and impact craters but proposed little relative-age information. Global-scale mapping from Magellan data identified similar features and also determined their mean global ages with crater counts. However, the density of craters on Venus is too low for meaningful relative-age determinations at local to regional scales. Several of the coronae in the map area have been described using Venera data (Stofan and Head, 1990), while Crumpler and others (1992) compiled detailed identification and description of volcanic and tectonic features from Magellan data.  The main purpose of this map is to reconstruct the geologic history of the Metis Mons quadrangle at a level of detail commensurate with a scale of 1:5,000,000 using Magellan data. We interpret four partly overlapping stages of geologic activity, which collectively resulted in the formation of tesserae, coronae (oriented along structure belts), plains materials of varying ages, and four large volcanic constructs. Scattered impact craters, small shields and pancake-shaped domes, and isolated flows superpose the tectonically deformed materials and appear to be the most youthful materials in the map region.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3158","collaboration":"Prepared for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration","usgsCitation":"Dohm, J.M., Tanaka, K.L., and Skinner, J., 2011, Geologic map of the Metis Mons quadrangle (V&ndash;6), Venus: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3158, Pamphlet: ii, 12 p., Tables; Map: 47.24 x 36.42 inches; GIS Database Downloads: Readme, Metadata, Data, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3158.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: ii, 12 p., Tables; Map: 47.24 x 36.42 inches; GIS Database Downloads: Readme, Metadata, Data","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116562,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3158.gif"},{"id":414269,"rank":3,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P928WA0S","text":"Interactive map","linkHelpText":"- Geologic Map of the Metis Mons Quadrangle (V–6), Venus, 1:5M. Dohm, Tanaka, and Skinner (2011)"},{"id":94363,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3158/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"5000000","projection":"Lambert","otherGeospatial":"Venus","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aefe4b07f02db691604","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dohm, James M.","contributorId":83610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dohm","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tanaka, Kenneth L. ktanaka@usgs.gov","contributorId":610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanaka","given":"Kenneth","email":"ktanaka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Skinner, James A. 0000-0002-3644-7010 jskinner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3644-7010","contributorId":3187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skinner","given":"James A.","email":"jskinner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70003860,"text":"70003860 - 2011 - Electrical conductivity of electrolytes applicable to natural waters from 0 to 100 degrees C","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-28T09:14:51","indexId":"70003860","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2209,"text":"Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Electrical conductivity of electrolytes applicable to natural waters from 0 to 100 degrees C","docAbstract":"The electrical conductivities of 34 electrolyte solutions found in natural waters ranging from (10<sup>-4</sup> to 1) mol&#x95;kg<sup>-1</sup> in concentration and from (5 to 90) &deg;C have been determined. High-quality electrical conductivity data for numerous electrolytes exist in the scientific literature, but the data do not span the concentration or temperature ranges of many electrolytes in natural waters. Methods for calculating the electrical conductivities of natural waters have incorporated these data from the literature, and as a result these methods cannot be used to reliably calculate the electrical conductivity over a large enough range of temperature and concentration. For the single-electrolyte solutions, empirical equations were developed that relate electrical conductivity to temperature and molality. For the 942 molar conductivity determinations for single electrolytes from this study, the mean relative difference between the calculated and measured values was 0.1 %. The calculated molar conductivity was compared to literature data, and the mean relative difference for 1978 measurements was 0.2 %. These data provide an improved basis for calculating electrical conductivity for most natural waters.","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/je101012n","usgsCitation":"McCleskey, R.B., 2011, Electrical conductivity of electrolytes applicable to natural waters from 0 to 100 degrees C: Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data, v. 56, no. 2, p. 317-327, https://doi.org/10.1021/je101012n.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"317","endPage":"327","costCenters":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204496,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1be4b07f02db6070ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCleskey, R. Blaine 0000-0002-2521-8052 rbmccles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2521-8052","contributorId":147399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCleskey","given":"R.","email":"rbmccles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Blaine","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70005647,"text":"70005647 - 2011 - Comparison of statistical and theoretical habitat models for conservation planning: The benefit of ensemble prediction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-11T17:55:31.154275","indexId":"70005647","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of statistical and theoretical habitat models for conservation planning: The benefit of ensemble prediction","docAbstract":"Selection of a modeling approach is an important step in the conservation planning process, but little guidance is available. We compared two statistical and three theoretical habitat modeling approaches representing those currently being used for avian conservation planning at landscape and regional scales: hierarchical spatial count (HSC), classification and regression tree (CRT), habitat suitability index (HSI), forest structure database (FS), and habitat association database (HA). We focused our comparison on models for five priority forest-breeding species in the Central Hardwoods Bird Conservation Region: Acadian Flycatcher, Cerulean Warbler, Prairie Warbler, Red-headed Woodpecker, and Worm-eating Warbler. Lacking complete knowledge on the distribution and abundance of each species with which we could illuminate differences between approaches and provide strong grounds for recommending one approach over another, we used two approaches to compare models: rank correlations among model outputs and comparison of spatial correspondence. In general, rank correlations were significantly positive among models for each species, indicating general agreement among the models. Worm-eating Warblers had the highest pairwise correlations, all of which were significant (<i>P</i> , 0.05). Red-headed Woodpeckers had the lowest agreement among models, suggesting greater uncertainty in the relative conservation value of areas within the region. We assessed model uncertainty by mapping the spatial congruence in priorities (i.e., top ranks) resulting from each model for each species and calculating the coefficient of variation across model ranks for each location. This allowed identification of areas more likely to be good targets of conservation effort for a species, those areas that were least likely, and those in between where uncertainty is higher and thus conservation action incorporates more risk. Based on our results, models developed independently for the same purpose (conservation planning for a particular species in a particular geography) yield different answers and thus different conservation strategies. We assert that using only one habitat model (even if validated) as the foundation of a conservation plan is risky. Using multiple models (i.e., ensemble prediction) can reduce uncertainty and increase efficacy of conservation action when models corroborate one another and increase understanding of the system when they do not.","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Ithaca, NY","doi":"10.1890/10-1047.1","usgsCitation":"Jones-Farrand, D., Fearer, T.M., Thogmartin, W.E., Thompson, F.R., Nelson, M.D., and Tirpak, J.M., 2011, Comparison of statistical and theoretical habitat models for conservation planning: The benefit of ensemble prediction: Ecological Applications, v. 21, no. 6, p. 2269-2282, https://doi.org/10.1890/10-1047.1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2269","endPage":"2282","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204436,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6adff6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones-Farrand, D. Todd","contributorId":54713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones-Farrand","given":"D. Todd","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fearer, Todd M.","contributorId":42346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fearer","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thogmartin, Wayne E. 0000-0002-2384-4279 wthogmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2384-4279","contributorId":2545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thogmartin","given":"Wayne","email":"wthogmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":352989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thompson, Frank R. III","contributorId":12608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Frank","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nelson, Mark D.","contributorId":107846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tirpak, John M.","contributorId":85704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tirpak","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":352993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
]}