The apical parts of large volcanoes along the East Pacific Rise (islands and seamounts) are encrusted with rocks of the alkali volcanic suite (alkali basalt, andesine- and oligoclase-andesite, and trachyte). In contrast, the more submerged parts of the Rise are largely composed of a tholeiitic basalt which has low concentrations of K, P, U, Th, Pb, and Ti. This tholeiitic basalt is either the predominant or the only magma generated in the earth's mantle under oceanic ridges and rises. It is at least 1000-fold more abundant than the alkali suite, which is probably derived from tholeiitic basalt by magmatic differentiation in and immediately below the larger volcanoes.
Distinction of oceanic tholeiites from almost all continental tholeiites is possible on the simple basis of total potassium content, with the discontinuity at 0.3 to 0.5 percent K2O by weight. Oceanic tholeiites also are readily distinguished from some 19 out of 20 basalts of oceanic islands and seamount cappings by having less than 0.3 percent K2O by weight and more than 48 percent SiO2. Deep drilling into oceanic volcanoes should, however, core basalts transitional between the oceanic tholeiites and the presumed derivative alkali basalts.
The composition of the oceanic tholeiites suggests that the mantle under the East Pacific Rise contains less than 0.10 percent potassium oxide by weight; 0.1 part per million of uranium and 0.4 part of thorium; a potassium: rubidium ratio of about 1200 and a potassium: uranium ratio of about 104.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.146.3643.477","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Engel, A., and Engel, C., 1964, Igneous rocks of the East Pacific Rise: Science, v. 146, no. 3643, p. 477-485, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.146.3643.477.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"477","endPage":"485","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218958,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"146","issue":"3643","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3868e4b0c8380cd61564","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Engel, A.E.J.","contributorId":52246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engel","given":"A.E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Engel, C.G.","contributorId":18489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engel","given":"C.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5220809,"text":"5220809 - 1964 - Rigid plastic collars for marking geese","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-05T16:50:21.452401","indexId":"5220809","displayToPublicDate":"1964-10-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rigid plastic collars for marking geese","docAbstract":"Rigid plastic collars of one to three colors proved useful for recognition of individual Canada geese (Branta canadensis). The collars did not seem to affect the behavior of the geese, and there was little mortality caused by their use. In good light, bright colors are visible through a 20-power spotting scope for more than 1 mile. Retention of collars was about 90 percent for 1 year and more than 80 percent for 2 years.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3798802","usgsCitation":"Ballou, R., and Martin, F., 1964, Rigid plastic collars for marking geese: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 28, no. 4, p. 846-847, https://doi.org/10.2307/3798802.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"846","endPage":"847","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194014,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah, 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\"}}]}","volume":"28","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fc0a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ballou, R.M.","contributorId":106217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballou","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, F.W.","contributorId":22451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"F.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1003299,"text":"1003299 - 1964 - Dichlobenil as a herbicide in fish habitats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-18T16:41:25.802525","indexId":"1003299","displayToPublicDate":"1964-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3741,"text":"Weeds","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dichlobenil as a herbicide in fish habitats","docAbstract":"Application of 20 to 40 lb/A dichlobenil made prior to emergence accomplished various degrees of control of pondweeds (Potamogeton diversifolius, P. foliosus, P. pectinatus, P. pusillus) and a slender naiad (Najas flexilis). Coontail (Ceratophyllum demersum) was affected only by the higher dosage. Limited control and growth inhibition was achieved on several forms of algae in early spring applications. However, applications made to rooted submersed aquatic plants and filamentous algae (Cladophora, Pithophora and Chara) at postemergence stage of development had little herbicidal effect.
Dichlobenil was not acutely toxic to fish at herbicidal concentrations. The range of median tolerance limits was 10 to 20 ppmw for pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus), bluegill (L. macrochirus), redear sunfish (L. microlophus), and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides).
","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.2307/4040750","usgsCitation":"Walker, C., 1964, Dichlobenil as a herbicide in fish habitats: Weeds, v. 12, no. 4, p. 267-269, https://doi.org/10.2307/4040750.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"267","endPage":"269","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":178349,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.60011165478124,\n 40.68070682391277\n ],\n [\n -94.98473039915982,\n 39.54401322059564\n ],\n [\n -94.34330569969808,\n 36.41763802006527\n ],\n [\n -90.29994570402226,\n 36.499402556019966\n ],\n [\n -90.53121713039168,\n 35.979941423017976\n ],\n [\n -89.50574344142996,\n 35.97661365357092\n ],\n [\n -89.51133770448786,\n 37.431594943493415\n ],\n [\n -90.08881386577889,\n 38.534170385811265\n ],\n [\n -91.65418734057265,\n 40.4484387829024\n ],\n [\n -95.60011165478124,\n 40.68070682391277\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65da2c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walker, C.R.","contributorId":69097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70010746,"text":"70010746 - 1964 - Isotopic composition of lead and strontium from Ascension and Gough islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-12T17:14:22.135653","indexId":"70010746","displayToPublicDate":"1964-09-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotopic composition of lead and strontium from Ascension and Gough islands","docAbstract":"Isotopic composition of lead and strontium has been determined in a series of rock samples from two islands on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Both interand intra-island variations exist in the abundance of radiogenic isotopes of both elements. Lead from basalt of Ascension Island has a Pb206-Pb204 ratio of 19.5, while the corresponding ratio at Gough Island is only 18.4. The Pb208-Pb204 ratios from the two islands do not differ. Conversely, strontium from basalt of Ascension Island is less radiogenic than that from Gough Island basalts. The trachytes of both islands have lead and strontium that is more radiogenic than that found in the basalts. The inter-island differences indicate the existence of regional variations in the uranium-lead and rubidium-strontium ratios of the upper mantle source of these rocks and show that isotope compositions are a means for investigating chemical heterogeneities in the mantle.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.145.3637.1181","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Gast, P., Tilton, G., and Hedge, C., 1964, Isotopic composition of lead and strontium from Ascension and Gough islands: Science, v. 145, no. 3637, p. 1181-1185, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.145.3637.1181.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1181","endPage":"1185","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219702,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Ascension Island, Gough Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -10.036746446960052,\n -40.24793147898767\n ],\n [\n -10.036746446960052,\n -40.39553109099682\n ],\n [\n -9.820379525634905,\n -40.39553109099682\n ],\n [\n -9.820379525634905,\n -40.24793147898767\n ],\n [\n -10.036746446960052,\n -40.24793147898767\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -14.50434013017707,\n -7.878645434680934\n ],\n [\n -14.50434013017707,\n -8.028359131125939\n ],\n [\n -14.24924434654207,\n -8.028359131125939\n ],\n [\n -14.24924434654207,\n -7.878645434680934\n ],\n [\n -14.50434013017707,\n -7.878645434680934\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"145","issue":"3637","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3fa1e4b0c8380cd64695","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gast, P.W.","contributorId":28739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gast","given":"P.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tilton, G.R.","contributorId":102200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tilton","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hedge, C.","contributorId":85324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hedge","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70205242,"text":"70205242 - 1964 - Problems of the geographic and stratigraphic distribution of American Middle Eocene larger Foraminifera","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-12T14:40:58","indexId":"70205242","displayToPublicDate":"1964-09-09T13:15:25","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1142,"text":"Bulletins of American Paleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Problems of the geographic and stratigraphic distribution of American Middle Eocene larger Foraminifera","docAbstract":"Larger Foraminifera from the middle Eocene of Florida and southern Georgia are discussed, including 2 new species, and their geographic and stratigraphic distribution, not only in the U. S., but also at selected localities in the Caribbean region, is analyzed. Several species not previously reported from the U. S. are discussed and illustrated. Analysis of the larger Foraminifera suggests that the Inglis limestone can not be separated from the underlying Avon Park Limestone and represents the upper part of the Avon Park Limestone and represents the upper part of the Avon Park Limestone. The Helicostegina gyralis zone (uppermost zone) of the Oldsmar Limestone (lower Eocene) is transferred to the basal Lake City Limestone (middle Eocene).
","language":"English","publisher":"Paleontological Research Institute","usgsCitation":"Cole, W.S., and Applin, E., 1964, Problems of the geographic and stratigraphic distribution of American Middle Eocene larger Foraminifera: Bulletins of American Paleontology, v. 47, no. 212, p. 1-48.","productDescription":"48 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"48","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":367294,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":367293,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/28907510#page/13/mode/1up"}],"country":"France, Jamaica, United States","state":"Florida, Georgia ","volume":"47","issue":"212","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cole, W. Storrs","contributorId":97487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Storrs","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":770497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Applin, Esther English Richards","contributorId":10794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Applin","given":"Esther English Richards","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":770496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70221136,"text":"70221136 - 1964 - The international hydrological decade","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-02T19:02:22.503469","indexId":"70221136","displayToPublicDate":"1964-09-01T13:59:52","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The international hydrological decade","docAbstract":"Work toward establishing a program of international cooperative studies in scientific hydrology began about 4 years ago, and the IHD (International Hydrological Decade) will begin under international auspices in January 1965. This program will be highly important for hydrology and hydrologists, and it should contribute greatly to human welfare in the future. Fortuitously, the opening year coincides with International Cooperation Year of the United Nations Organization. American participation in the program will contribute to the purpose avowed by the President [Johnson, 1964] in a commencement address at Holy Cross early in June 1964: “to dedicate this year to finding new techniques for making Man's knowledge serve Man's welfare. Let this be a year of science.”
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TR045i003p00413","usgsCitation":"Nace, R.L., 1964, The international hydrological decade: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 45, no. 3, p. 413-421, https://doi.org/10.1029/TR045i003p00413.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"413","endPage":"421","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386151,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nace, R. L.","contributorId":11332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nace","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70221177,"text":"70221177 - 1964 - Geohydrologic analogies between the Jordan Valleys of Utah and the holy land","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-04T17:05:35.301848","indexId":"70221177","displayToPublicDate":"1964-09-01T12:01:39","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5334,"text":"International Association of Scientific Hydrology - Bulletin ","onlineIssn":"2150-3435","printIssn":"0262-6667","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geohydrologic analogies between the Jordan Valleys of Utah and the holy land","docAbstract":"The biblical Jordan River Valley, which extends from Lake Tiberias (the Sea of Galilee) to the Dead Sea, is decidedly similar to the Jordan River Valley of Utah, which joins Lake Utah and Great Salt Lake. Both Jordan Rivers drain relatively large fresh-water lakes and also are major sources of discharge into large salty lakes that have no outlets to the ocean.The two Jordan River valleys and the highlands and mountains that surround them, have many physiographic, geologic, and hydrologic similarities as well as some noteworthy differences. For example, an hypothesis for the formation of the Dead Sea-Jordan Valley rift is that the east Jordan block slid northward with respect to the west Jordan block. The amount of displacement is estimated to be about 65 miles and took place partly in Miocene and possible Pliocène and partly in Pleistocene time. Tectonc activity has also been a major factor in the formation of the Jordan valley of Utah, but the movement here probably was along large normal faults in late Tertiary and Quaternary time. The sediments underlying both Jordan River valleys were deposited in ancestral lacustrine and fluvial environments. Abundant supplies of ground water are found under both valleys, but probably larger supplies of better quality water can be obtained in Utah. Both valleys contain numerous small nonthermal and a few large thermal springs.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02626666409493666","usgsCitation":"Bradley, E., 1964, Geohydrologic analogies between the Jordan Valleys of Utah and the holy land: International Association of Scientific Hydrology - Bulletin , v. 9, no. 3, p. 12-23, https://doi.org/10.1080/02626666409493666.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"12","endPage":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489070,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02626666409493666","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":386209,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.06005859375,\n 42.00032514831621\n ],\n [\n -114.0380859375,\n 37.07271048132943\n ],\n [\n -109.05029296875,\n 37.03763967977139\n ],\n [\n -109.1162109375,\n 41.0130657870063\n ],\n [\n -111.07177734375,\n 41.02964338716638\n ],\n [\n -111.07177734375,\n 41.983994270935625\n ],\n [\n -114.06005859375,\n 42.00032514831621\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, Edward","contributorId":67071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Edward","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70010833,"text":"70010833 - 1964 - Potassium-argon and lead-alpha ages of plutonic rocks, Bokan Mountain area, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-12T17:25:55.183167","indexId":"70010833","displayToPublicDate":"1964-08-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potassium-argon and lead-alpha ages of plutonic rocks, Bokan Mountain area, Alaska","docAbstract":"Most of the granitic rocks in the Bokan Mountain area, southeastern Alaska, are early Paleozoic (probably Ordovician) judged by potassium-argon and lead-alpha age measurements. The Bokan Mountain Granite, the youngest intrusive unit in the area, belongs to a Mesozoic plutonic episode. These age measurements are the first direct evidence for the emplacement of early Paleozoic granitic intrusive rocks close to the Pacific margin of North America.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.145.3633.705","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Lanphere, M.A., MacKevett, E., and Stern, T.W., 1964, Potassium-argon and lead-alpha ages of plutonic rocks, Bokan Mountain area, Alaska: Science, v. 145, no. 3633, p. 705-707, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.145.3633.705.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"705","endPage":"707","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218954,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Bokan Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -132.18901692768776,\n 54.93905290945244\n ],\n [\n -132.18901692768776,\n 54.87458540920767\n ],\n [\n -132.12085621356115,\n 54.87458540920767\n ],\n [\n -132.12085621356115,\n 54.93905290945244\n ],\n [\n -132.18901692768776,\n 54.93905290945244\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"145","issue":"3633","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7eafe4b0c8380cd7a6b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lanphere, M. A.","contributorId":35298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanphere","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"MacKevett, E.M. Jr.","contributorId":58613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacKevett","given":"E.M.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stern, T. W.","contributorId":36122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stern","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":37776,"text":"37776 - 1964 - Big game inventory for 1963","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-23T13:46:59","indexId":"37776","displayToPublicDate":"1964-08-01T13:46:04","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":98,"text":"Wildlife Leaflet","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"461","title":"Big game inventory for 1963","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","collaboration":"Compiled in the Bird and Mammal Laboratories, Division of Wildlife Research.","usgsCitation":"U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, 1964, Big game inventory for 1963 (Revises Wildlife Leaflet 342 (1962).): Wildlife Leaflet 461, 4 p.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","temporalStart":"1963-01-01","temporalEnd":"1963-12-31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290822,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Revises Wildlife Leaflet 342 (1962).","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57ffcef2e4b0824b2d175da8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife","contributorId":128149,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife","id":529712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70221126,"text":"70221126 - 1964 - Experimental determination of the reaction chalcopyrite + sulfur = pyrite + bornite from 350 to 500° C","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-02T17:56:06.173472","indexId":"70221126","displayToPublicDate":"1964-08-01T12:52:29","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Experimental determination of the reaction chalcopyrite + sulfur = pyrite + bornite from 350 to 500° C","docAbstract":"The fugacity of sulfur along the curve representing the univariant equilibrium assemblage, chalcopyrite + bornite + pyrite + vapor, has been determined by the electrum tarnish method (1). The conditions of the equilibrium may be expressed by the equation (TP) - /°s 2 (T, 1 atm) = -50,730 + 56.95T (cal.) (350 - 500° C) (T in °K). With gentle curvature, the line may be extended upward to the invariant point at 568° C, which represents the assemblage chalcopyrite + bornite -j- pyrite + liquid + vapor (8).
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.59.5.747","usgsCitation":"Barton, P.B., and Toulmin, P., 1964, Experimental determination of the reaction chalcopyrite + sulfur = pyrite + bornite from 350 to 500° C: Economic Geology, v. 59, no. 5, p. 747-752, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.59.5.747.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"747","endPage":"752","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386142,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1964-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barton, P. B. Jr.","contributorId":23683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"P.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Toulmin, P. III","contributorId":81244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toulmin","given":"P.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70221185,"text":"70221185 - 1964 - Officer's cave, a pseudokarst feature in altered tuff and volcanic ash of the John Day formation in eastern Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-04T17:54:08.787144","indexId":"70221185","displayToPublicDate":"1964-08-01T12:50:37","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Officer's cave, a pseudokarst feature in altered tuff and volcanic ash of the John Day formation in eastern Oregon","docAbstract":"Officer's Cave is the uppermost of four rapidly eroding cave levels constituting a cavern complex about 700 feet long developed chiefly in clay and silt. Its outer room is 35 feet by 43.5 feet by 100 feet and slopes about 45° east into the western end of a narrow linear hill called Officer's Cave Ridge. Dry valleys, blind valleys, hanging valleys, sinkholes, pipes, caves, and natural bridges are abundant. These, together with subterranean drainage, give the area a karstlike development. For such terrains the term \"pseudokarst\" is applied. These pseudokarsts are the product of piping and are fairly widespread over the world's drylands.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1964)75[393:OCAPFI]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Parker, G., Shown, L.M., and Ratzlaff, K.W., 1964, Officer's cave, a pseudokarst feature in altered tuff and volcanic ash of the John Day formation in eastern Oregon: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 75, no. 5, p. 393-402, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1964)75[393:OCAPFI]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"393","endPage":"402","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386230,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"eastern Oregon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.3115234375,\n 41.934976500546604\n ],\n [\n -116.5869140625,\n 41.934976500546604\n ],\n [\n -116.5869140625,\n 46.01222384063236\n ],\n [\n -119.3115234375,\n 46.01222384063236\n ],\n [\n -119.3115234375,\n 41.934976500546604\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"75","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parker, Garald G.","contributorId":106880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"Garald G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shown, Lynn M.","contributorId":7326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shown","given":"Lynn","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ratzlaff, Karl W.","contributorId":99177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratzlaff","given":"Karl","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70221180,"text":"70221180 - 1964 - Pre-tertiary orogenic and plutonic intrusive activity in central and northeastern Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-04T17:22:49.09072","indexId":"70221180","displayToPublicDate":"1964-08-01T12:18:40","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pre-tertiary orogenic and plutonic intrusive activity in central and northeastern Oregon","docAbstract":"Pre-Tertiary rocks of the Blue Mountain region of central and northeastern Oregon comprise three major sedimentary and volcanic sequences and two distinct intrusive magma series. The ages of the sedimentary-volcanic sequences are Paleozoic, Late Triassic-Late Jurassic, and middle Cretaceous (Albian to Cenomanian), respectively. The earlier intrusive magma series ranges in composition from peridotite to albite granite and was emplaced during the major orogeny in the Blue Mountain region between earlier Permian and Late Triassic time. The later intrusive magma series is related to the Idaho batholith proper, ranges from gabbro to granodiorite, and probably was emplaced during the earlier half of Cretaceous time. The emplacement of a major intrusive magma series during Permian and Triassic time suggests a much closer relationship to the northern part of the Cordillera, in Canada and Alaska, than to the southern part in southwestern Oregon and California.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1964)75[1255:POAPIA]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Thayer, T.P., and Brown, C.E., 1964, Pre-tertiary orogenic and plutonic intrusive activity in central and northeastern Oregon: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 75, no. 12, p. 1255-1261, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1964)75[1255:POAPIA]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1255","endPage":"1261","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386217,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"northeastern Oregon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.94873046875,\n 44.276671273775186\n ],\n [\n -116.65283203125001,\n 44.276671273775186\n ],\n [\n -116.65283203125001,\n 46.042735653846535\n ],\n [\n -119.94873046875,\n 46.042735653846535\n ],\n [\n -119.94873046875,\n 44.276671273775186\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"75","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thayer, T. P.","contributorId":64629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thayer","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, C. E.","contributorId":259299,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70221176,"text":"70221176 - 1964 - Basement depths from widely spaced aeromagnetic profiles in Kansas and Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-04T16:59:54.978185","indexId":"70221176","displayToPublicDate":"1964-08-01T11:55:24","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Basement depths from widely spaced aeromagnetic profiles in Kansas and Nebraska","docAbstract":"Profiles of the basement surface in western Kansas and Nebraska were constructed by drawing smooth curves through the shallowest depths estimated from aeromagnetic anomalies along six widely spaced traverses. Ratios of inferred-depth-to-basement to true depth along the traverses ranges from 0.7 to 1.0. Clusters of shallow depth estimates commonly yield an average estimate within 15 percent of the true depth.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.1190/1.1439336","usgsCitation":"Watkins, J.S., 1964, Basement depths from widely spaced aeromagnetic profiles in Kansas and Nebraska: Geophysics, v. 29, no. 1, p. 80-86, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1439336.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"80","endPage":"86","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386208,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas, Nebraska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.0625,\n 43.004647127794435\n ],\n [\n -104.1064453125,\n 41.0130657870063\n ],\n [\n -101.97509765625,\n 41.02964338716638\n ],\n [\n -102.10693359375,\n 37.00255267215955\n ],\n [\n -94.63623046875,\n 37.020098201368114\n ],\n [\n -94.59228515625,\n 39.13006024213511\n ],\n [\n -94.833984375,\n 39.842286020743394\n ],\n [\n -95.361328125,\n 39.99395569397331\n ],\n [\n -95.82275390625,\n 41.27780646738183\n ],\n [\n -96.3720703125,\n 42.52069952914966\n ],\n [\n -97.0751953125,\n 42.84375132629021\n ],\n [\n -98.02001953125,\n 42.8115217450979\n ],\n [\n -98.525390625,\n 42.98857645832184\n ],\n [\n -104.0625,\n 43.004647127794435\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watkins, Joel S.","contributorId":10788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watkins","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70010765,"text":"70010765 - 1964 - Ancient granite gneiss in the Black Hills, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-12T17:29:58.784272","indexId":"70010765","displayToPublicDate":"1964-07-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ancient granite gneiss in the Black Hills, South Dakota","docAbstract":"Granite gneiss, with an age of approximately 2.5 billion years, in the Black Hills, South Dakota , provides a link betweeen ancient rocks in western Wyoming and Montana and in eastern North and South Dakota and Minnesota. The discovery suggests that early Precambrian rocks covered an extensive area in northcentral United States and were not restricted to several small nuclei.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.145.3631.479","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Zartman, R., Norton, J., and Stern, T.W., 1964, Ancient granite gneiss in the Black Hills, South Dakota: Science, v. 145, no. 3631, p. 479-481, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.145.3631.479.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"479","endPage":"481","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218653,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South 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Dakota\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"145","issue":"3631","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ebf6e4b0c8380cd48fcf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zartman, R. E.","contributorId":15632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zartman","given":"R. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Norton, J.J.","contributorId":25573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norton","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stern, T. W.","contributorId":36122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stern","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70222048,"text":"70222048 - 1964 - Argon retention in a granitic xenolith from a pleistocene basalt, Sierra Nevada, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-15T20:55:44.082423","indexId":"70222048","displayToPublicDate":"1964-07-15T05:25:23","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Argon retention in a granitic xenolith from a pleistocene basalt, Sierra Nevada, California","docAbstract":"THIS note reports measurements made in an attempt to determine: (1) the possible effect of xenoliths on whole-rock basalt age determinations; (2) whether or not potassium-argon age determinations on xenoliths in basalt might approximate the age of the basalt flow. The field location is in the canyon of Sawmill Creek, Inyo County, sec. 7 md 18, T. 12 S., R. 34 E., and sec. 12 and 13, T. 12 S., R. 33 E.
THROUGH a fortunate circumstance, a recording magnetometer was operating in the city of Kodiak, 30 km north-west of the surface trace of a fault zone along which movement occurred at the time when the earthquake occurred in Alaska on March 27, 1964. Fortunately, too, the instrument was on such high ground that it was not reached by the subsequent seismic sea wave which virtually destroyed the city. The magnetometer recorded the fact that the largest of several magnetic disturbances briefly increased the intensity of the Earth's magnetic field by 100γ at Kodiak, 1 h 6 min before the earthquake (Fig. 1).
Characteristic minerals are psilomelane, hollandite, cryptomelane, and coronadite, more rarely ramsdellite and pyrolusite. Host rocks are Mn-deficient; 80 percent of examples are middle to late Tertiary layered volcanics. Though deposits are shallow, mostly mined to only 100-200 feet (maximum 500 feet), a hypogene origin is indicated by their persistent association with barite and fluorite, a peripheral position in the zonal pattern of some metal-mining districts, alteration of plagioclase to K-spar, and abundance of W, Pb, Cu, Mo, Ti, As, Sb. They represent the subzone of Mn-bearing epithermal vein deposits lying nearest the surface, succeeded in depth by four other subzones: barite, fluorite, gold-silver, and base metals.
The ratio of cation to hydrogen-ion concentration is used as a basis for coordinating many observed varieties of silicate rock alteration. Low ratios drive alteration from feldspar through sericite, montmorillonite, or paragonite, toward kaolinite or pyrophyllite. Principal controls of ratio are reactions with wall rock, pressure-temperature changes, mixing of solutions, and oxidation of H 2 S; their interactions govern the assemblage attained.
Deposits of ferruginous nickeliferous lateritic soils formed by weathering in place of ultramafic rocks occur at several places in northwestern California and southwestern Oregon, mostly in the Klamath Mountains province. Most of the deposits have been derived from relatively fresh peridotite, although at least one deposit was formed on serpentinite. The accumulations of lateritic soil are on flat-lying to gently sloping surfaces in a terrain that has been extensively dissected and deeply entrenched.The thickness of the deposits ranges from a few feet to more than 50 feet, and may vary widely in any given deposit, for the bedrock surface is commonly highly irregular. The deposit at Nickel Mountain, Oregon, is unique, because it is the only one in which the nickel silicate, garnierite, is plentiful. At Nickel Mountain, garnierite, accompanied by abundant microcrystalline quartz, occurs in veinlike bodies and boxworks that lie at the base of the soil zone and persist in depth along joints and fractures into the underlying slightly weathered or fresh peridotite.Mineralogical studies and chemical analyses show that weathering of the ultramafic rocks destroyed olivine and much of the orthopyroxene and serpentine minerals. Secondary minerals formed are predominantly hydrated ferric oxides (goethite); minor amounts of a montmorillonite mineral, chlorite, and talc were also identified. The kaolin group and bauxite minerals were not found. Except for garnierite at the Nickel Mountain deposit, no nickel-bearing mineral was identified. Nickel may occur, however, in montmorillonite, chlorite, and talc where it substitutes for Mg to a limited extent; in serpentine minerals that were not destroyed by weathering; and possibly in combination with ferric hydroxides. Cobalt may also occur in the clay minerals and probably is associated with trace amounts of manganese oxide or hydroxides.The lateritic soils in northwestern California and southwestern Oregon are similar to soils formed by lateritic weathering of ultramafic rocks in Cuba, the Philippines, New Caledonia, and other tropical regions of the world. They have, however, a higher content of SiO 2 and MgO, and a lower content of Fe 2 O 3 than deposits formed in tropical climates. The California and Oregon deposits are considerably smaller and lower in average metal content which, because they are widely scattered in a rugged, relatively isolated terrain, makes them unpromising as likely reserves for commercial exploitation in the foreseeable future.Most of the deposits are regarded as having been formed by chemical weathering in a climate having alternating wet and dry seasons, probably similar to that prevailing today. Their age is uncertain but may range from post-Miocene to Pleistocene.
A well drilled for geothermal power near Salton Sea in Imperial Valley, Calif., is 5,232 feet deep; it is the deepest well in the world (1962) in a high-temperature hot spring area. In the lower half of the hole temperatures are too high to measure with available equipment, but are at loast 270°C, and may be as much as 370°C. For comparison, maximum temperature heretofore reported at depth (1962) for hot spring areas is 295°C.
The well taps a very saline brine of Na-Ca-K-Cl type (about 185,000 ppm Cl) with exceptionally high potassium, and with the highest content of minor alkali elements known for natural waters; Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cu, Ag, and some other metals are also exceptionally high. This brine may be connate, but present evidence favors a source in the magma chamber at depth that supplied late Quaternary rhyolite domes of the area. If the latter is correct, the brine is an undiluted magmatic water that is residual from the separation of a more volatile phase high in CO2, H2S, and with some alkali halides. Elsewhere, the hypothesized volatile phase may account for near-surface hot spring activity of most thermal areas of volcanic association. The residual brine of high salinity may ordinarily remain relatively deep in the volcanic systems because of high specific gravity and low content of volatiles, seldom appearing at the surface except in a greatly diluted form.
The hot springs of Arima, Japan, may be a rare example of this type of magmatic water discharging at the surface in moderate concentration (Cl as much as 42,000 ppm). Independent evidence from fluid inclusions in minerals of high-temperature base-metal deposits also favors the existence of magmatic water high in Na, Ca, and Cl, and low in CO2 and other volatile components.
During a three-month production test several tons of material precipitated in the horizontal discharge pipe from the well. Amorphous silica with iron and manganese, and bornite are the dominant recognized components. This material contains the astonishingly high contents of about 20 percent copper, 2 percent silver, and notable sulfur, arsenic, bismuth, lead, antimony, and some other minor elements. Total quantities of all elements in the original whole brine are not yet known, but calculated amounts corresponding to 1 to 3 ppm of copper and 0.1 to 0.3 ppm of silver were precipitated from the brine to form the pipe deposits. The brine, therefore, may be man’s first sample of an « active » ore solution.
Equally fascinating to many geologists is the possibility that in the lower part of the hole temperatures are so high and pressures are sufficient for young sedimentary rocks to be undergoing transformation into rocks with mineral assemblages of the greenschist facies of metamorphism. Drill cores from 4,400 to 5,000 feet in depth contain chlorite, albite, K-feldspar, epidote, mica, and quartz, with some indication of increase in metamorphic grade downward. Regional geological and geophysical studies favor a depth of about 20,000 feet to pre-Tertiary basement rocks in the general area. A shallow basement or local upfaulting of old metamorphic rocks are not likely possibilities for the thermal area.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF02597534","usgsCitation":"White, D.E., 1964, Deep geothermal brine near Salton Sea, California: Bulletin Volcanologique, v. 27, p. 369-370, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02597534.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"369","endPage":"370","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387170,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Salton Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.16668701171875,\n 33.07082934859187\n ],\n [\n -115.55145263671876,\n 33.07082934859187\n ],\n [\n -115.55145263671876,\n 33.58259116393916\n ],\n [\n -116.16668701171875,\n 33.58259116393916\n ],\n [\n -116.16668701171875,\n 33.07082934859187\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"27","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Donald E.","contributorId":76787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":819271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70221901,"text":"70221901 - 1964 - Apparent right-lateral separation on Chatham Strait Fault, southeastern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-14T12:24:27.849757","indexId":"70221901","displayToPublicDate":"1964-07-14T07:21:55","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Apparent right-lateral separation on Chatham Strait Fault, southeastern Alaska","docAbstract":"Right-lateral separation of about 120 miles along Chatham Strait Fault is suggested by apparent displacement of major geologic features on opposite sides of the fault.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.145.3628.123","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Malde, H., 1964, Environment and man in arid America: Science, v. 145, no. 3628, p. 123-129, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.145.3628.123.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"123","endPage":"129","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219072,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"145","issue":"3628","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0987e4b0c8380cd51f68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Malde, H.E.","contributorId":65863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malde","given":"H.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70221821,"text":"70221821 - 1964 - Reversals of the earth's magnetic field","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-08T13:15:41.028531","indexId":"70221821","displayToPublicDate":"1964-07-08T08:14:35","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reversals of the earth's magnetic field","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"AAAS","doi":"10.1126/science.144.3626.1537","usgsCitation":"Cox, A., Doell, R., and Dalrymple, G.B., 1964, Reversals of the earth's magnetic field: Nature, v. 144, no. 3626, p. 1537-1543, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.144.3626.1537.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1537","endPage":"1543","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387022,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"144","issue":"3626","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cox, Allan","contributorId":89949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"Allan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doell, Richard R.","contributorId":66683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doell","given":"Richard R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dalrymple, G. Brent","contributorId":54564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dalrymple","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Brent","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70221820,"text":"70221820 - 1964 - Oriented lakes and lineaments of northeastern Bolivia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-08T13:06:47.424467","indexId":"70221820","displayToPublicDate":"1964-07-08T08:04:27","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oriented lakes and lineaments of northeastern Bolivia","docAbstract":"Strongly oriented lineaments, defined by lake shores and stream and vegetation alignments, are distributed throughout more than 45,000 square miles of the Beni basin in northeastern Bolivia. The area in which these features occur is a flat, poorly drained, lake-studded plain. It is underlain by flat-lying, poorly consolidated, continental clastic sediments of Late Cenozoic age which, in turn, overlie crystalline basement. To the west the basin sediments abut abruptly against the folded and faulted Andean foothills and to the east they gradually overlap gently rolling crystalline outcrops of the Brazilian Shield.
The main lineaments within the basin show preferred orientations perpendicular to each other in northwest-southeast and northeast-southwest directions. These two preferred directions of lineament orientation occur in sediments that extend from the margin of the Brazilian Shield westward 200 miles to where the basin sediments are 10,000 feet thick. Two poorly developed sets of lineaments that trend roughly north-south and east-west are also present within the basin.
Most lakes are strongly rectilinear in outline with shores that commonly trend northwest-southeast and northeast-southwest. They range in size from about 1000 feet square to 5.4 by 12.4 miles. Only a few lakes have streams draining into or out of them. Those that have been studied on the ground are shallow with relatively flat bottoms and abrupt steep sides. The water surfaces are almost level with the surrounding flat terrain.
The two major northwest-southeast and northeast-southwest trends are probably controlled by a regionally oriented system of longitudinal and cross fractures in the crystalline basement; the poorly developed north-south and east-west sets of lineaments may reflect basement “shear” fractures. The oriented lakes and many of the major northwest-southeast and northeast-southwest-trending lineaments occupy shallow surficial subsidences that appear to form by progressive downfaulting of basement blocks or differential compaction of uncon-solidated deposits over basement blocks. The minor north-south and east-west sets and some of the northwest-southeast and northeast-southwest-trending stream and vegetation lineaments may reflect individual fractures in the underlying basement rather than areal subsidence over basement blocks. The youthful appearance of some oriented features indicates that they are probably forming at the present.
Because of the unique environment of the Beni basin, where alluvial deposits are accumulating over a relatively stable shield margin in an area of flat terrain and high water table, many of the subtle surficial depressions are clearly visible as lakes with orthogonally oriented shore lines. Lakes of comparable size, shape, and degree of orientation are known to occur elsewhere only in the Old Crow Plain area of Canada.
It is postulated that prelithification fractures, such as those in the Beni basin, must play a significant role during compaction, jointing, faulting, and folding of sedimentary sequences. Criteria are needed to distinguish between fracture trends that are inherited from basement rocks, and those formed by postdepositional deformation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1964)75[503:OLALON]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Plafker, G., 1964, Oriented lakes and lineaments of northeastern Bolivia: GSA Bulletin, v. 75, no. 6, p. 503-522, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1964)75[503:OLALON]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"503","endPage":"522","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387021,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Bolivia","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-62.84647,-22.03499],[-63.98684,-21.99364],[-64.37702,-22.79809],[-64.96489,-22.07586],[-66.27334,-21.83231],[-67.10667,-22.73592],[-67.82818,-22.87292],[-68.21991,-21.49435],[-68.75717,-20.37266],[-68.44223,-19.40507],[-68.96682,-18.98168],[-69.10025,-18.26013],[-69.59042,-17.58001],[-68.95964,-16.5007],[-69.38976,-15.66013],[-69.16035,-15.32397],[-69.33953,-14.9532],[-68.94889,-14.45364],[-68.92922,-13.60268],[-68.88008,-12.89973],[-68.66508,-12.5613],[-69.52968,-10.95173],[-68.78616,-11.03638],[-68.27125,-11.01452],[-68.04819,-10.71206],[-67.1738,-10.30681],[-66.64691,-9.93133],[-65.33844,-9.76199],[-65.44484,-10.51145],[-65.3219,-10.89587],[-65.40228,-11.56627],[-64.31635,-12.46198],[-63.1965,-12.62703],[-62.80306,-13.00065],[-62.12708,-13.19878],[-61.7132,-13.4892],[-61.08412,-13.47938],[-60.5033,-13.77595],[-60.4592,-14.35401],[-60.26433,-14.64598],[-60.25115,-15.07722],[-60.54297,-15.09391],[-60.15839,-16.25828],[-58.24122,-16.29957],[-58.38806,-16.87711],[-58.2808,-17.27171],[-57.73456,-17.55247],[-57.49837,-18.17419],[-57.67601,-18.96184],[-57.95,-19.4],[-57.8538,-19.97],[-58.16639,-20.1767],[-58.18347,-19.8684],[-59.11504,-19.35691],[-60.04356,-19.34275],[-61.78633,-19.63374],[-62.26596,-20.51373],[-62.29118,-21.05163],[-62.68506,-22.24903],[-62.84647,-22.03499]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Bolivia\"}}]}","volume":"75","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plafker, George","contributorId":3920,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Plafker","given":"George","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70221819,"text":"70221819 - 1964 - Potassium-argon dates of three pleistocene interglacial basalt flows from the Sierra Nevada, california","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-08T13:01:06.233425","indexId":"70221819","displayToPublicDate":"1964-07-08T07:59:04","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potassium-argon dates of three pleistocene interglacial basalt flows from the Sierra Nevada, california","docAbstract":"Potassium-argon dates of 90,000 ± 90,000 years and 60,000 ± 50,000 years on the basalt in Sawmill Canyon of the Sierra Nevada, California, that underlies a moraine correlated with the Tahoe Glaciation and overlies pre-Tahoe till show that the Tahoe is probably less than 100,000 years old. Pre-Tahoe basalt near Sonora Pass gives a date of 150,000 ± 30,000 years. These data support the correlation of the Tahoe with early Wisconsin. Tahoe Glaciation in the southernmost Sierra Nevada seems to have been no less extensive than pre-Tahoe glaciation. The basalt that forms the Devils Postpile, believed by Matthes (1960) to have been extruded between his El Portal (Sherwin?) and Wisconsin glaciations, gives a date of 940,000 ± 160,000 years.