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 \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db6350bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watkins, Joel S.","contributorId":10788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watkins","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bailey, Norman G.","contributorId":59439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"Norman","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":16451,"text":"ofr64161 - 1964 - Seismic refraction survey in the Great Miami River Valley and vicinity, Montgomery, Warren, and Butler Counties, Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-24T16:32:53.565544","indexId":"ofr64161","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"64-161","title":"Seismic refraction survey in the Great Miami River Valley and vicinity, Montgomery, Warren, and Butler Counties, Ohio","docAbstract":"<p>As part of a continuing program to define the thickness and extent of water-bearing sand and gravel deposits in southwestern Ohio, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Ohio Division of Water and The Miami Conservancy District, completed a seismic refraction survey of the Great Miami River valley and adjacent areas between Dayton and Hamilton, Ohio, in the fall of 1963. A similar survey of the adjoining lower Great Miami River and Whitewater River valleys was completed in 1962 (Watkins, 1963; Spieker and Watkins, unpublished data).</p><p>The area of the survey includes known or inferred portions of an interglacial drainage system which is deeply entrenched into bedrock. Ohio was covered by glaciers at least three times during the Pleistocene epoch. As each glacier melted, rock fragments absorbed by the glacier were transported and deposited in these buried valleys by torrents of meltwater. The total thickness of glacial drift is over 300 feet in some places. </p><p>Much of the glacial material is highly permeable and saturated with large quantities of water of good quality. The underlying bedrock is virtually impermeable and yields only meager quantities of water. The cities of Dayton, Middletown, Hamilton, and many industries in the Miami River valley rely on wells in the glacial deposits as their principal source of water. The purpose of the present survey is to define the thickness and extent of these important water-bearing formations. Such information will make possible a more accurate evaluation of the area's water resources than has previously have been possible.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Columbus, OH","doi":"10.3133/ofr64161","usgsCitation":"Watkins, J.S., and Spieker, A.M., 1964, Seismic refraction survey in the Great Miami River Valley and vicinity, Montgomery, Warren, and Butler Counties, Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 64-161, Report: iii, 6 p.; 3 Figures: 20.02 x 26.16 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr64161.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 6 p.; 3 Figures: 20.02 x 26.16 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330795,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1964/0161/figure-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":330794,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1964/0161/figure-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":330793,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1964/0161/figure-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":330792,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1964/0161/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":148595,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":492836,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_8056.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","county":"Butler County, Montgomery County, Warren County","otherGeospatial":"Great Miami River Valley","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-84.3529,39.2916],[-84.3881,39.2969],[-84.4292,39.2981],[-84.4358,39.2994],[-84.4644,39.3026],[-84.4834,39.3009],[-84.5049,39.306],[-84.5239,39.303],[-84.5633,39.3082],[-84.599,39.3085],[-84.6306,39.3121],[-84.6376,39.3092],[-84.6417,39.3051],[-84.7029,39.3049],[-84.8191,39.3056],[-84.8186,39.3531],[-84.8181,39.3673],[-84.8166,39.4134],[-84.8159,39.4692],[-84.8154,39.5218],[-84.8154,39.5296],[-84.815,39.5677],[-84.7026,39.5675],[-84.591,39.5676],[-84.4788,39.5685],[-84.4788,39.5898],[-84.4806,39.6573],[-84.4818,39.7448],[-84.4836,39.8305],[-84.4854,39.9184],[-84.4261,39.9193],[-84.3691,39.9207],[-84.3008,39.9217],[-84.2558,39.9218],[-84.1629,39.9226],[-84.1646,39.895],[-84.1656,39.8859],[-84.051,39.8801],[-84.0539,39.8501],[-84.055,39.8424],[-84.0554,39.8361],[-84.0602,39.8365],[-84.0926,39.8379],[-84.097,39.7938],[-84.0989,39.7725],[-84.0994,39.7657],[-84.1052,39.7039],[-84.1119,39.6282],[-84.1118,39.6263],[-84.1094,39.6259],[-84.1137,39.5778],[-84.03,39.5725],[-83.9769,39.5691],[-83.9798,39.5396],[-83.9813,39.5264],[-83.9818,39.5187],[-83.9838,39.5001],[-84.0004,39.3249],[-84.0067,39.2554],[-84.2602,39.2703],[-84.2573,39.2735],[-84.2574,39.2775],[-84.2604,39.2789],[-84.2652,39.2802],[-84.2659,39.2829],[-84.2624,39.2883],[-84.3339,39.2932],[-84.3529,39.2916]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Butler\",\"state\":\"OH\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb686","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watkins, Joel S.","contributorId":10788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watkins","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spieker, Andrew M.","contributorId":41492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spieker","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1296,"text":"wsp1812 - 1964 - Public water supplies of the 100 largest cities of the United States, 1962","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-06T17:56:12","indexId":"wsp1812","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1812","title":"Public water supplies of the 100 largest cities of the United States, 1962","docAbstract":"<p>The public water supplies of the 100 largest cities in the United States (1960 U.S. Census) serve 9,650 million gallons of water per day (mgd) to 60 million people, which is 34 percent of the Nation's total population and 48 percent of the Nation's urban population. The amount of water used to satisfy the domestic needs as well as the needs of commerce and industry ranges from 13 mgd, which serves a population of 124,000, to 1,200 mgd, which serves a city of 8 million people.</p>\n<p>The water for the public supplies of these largest cities comes fro^n ground water wells and infiltration galleries and from surface water streams, reservoirs, and lakes. Twenty of the cities use ground water exclusively for public supplies, and 14 use a combination of ground and surface waters. Sixty-six cities use surface water solely; of these cities 37 depend solely upon reservoir water, and 20 depend solely upon natural streamflow. Water from the Great Lakes furnishes part or all of the water supply for 10 of these largest cities.</p>\n<p>Hardness of water, measured in parts per million (ppm), is an important factor in the usability of water supplies. Twenty-seven cities, serving a population of 8 million, have a raw-water hardness exceeding 180 ppm (\"very hard\"), but only 13 cities, serving a population of 3.7 million, have a \"very hard\" treated-water supply; and although 22 cities, serving about 10 million people, have a raw-water hardness ranging from 121 to 180 ppm (\"hard\"), only 16 cities, serving a population of 11 million, have a \"hard\" treated-water supply. Only 16 cities, serving a population of 16 million people, have a raw-water hardness ranging from 61 to 120 ppm (\"moderately hard\"), whereas 41 cities, serving a population of 22 million, have a treated-water supply having a hardness within this desirable range. A few cities that have a \"soft\" raw water add lime to control corrosion and consequently increase their water hardness to more than 61 ppm. Thirty cities, serving a population of about 23 million, have a treated-water supply with a hardness of less than 61 ppm.</p>\n<p>The dissolved-solids content in raw-water supplies of 27 cities, which serve a total population of slightly more than 21 million people, is 100 ppr^ or less. Thirty-eight cities serving a total population of 23 million people have raw-water supplies with a dissolved-solids content between 101 and 250 ppm, whereas 48 cities, serving a population of 28 million about half the population of these 1 2 PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES, 1962 cities furnish water having this range of dissolved solids. Twentv-nine cities serving a total population of 11 million people have raw-water supplies that contain between 251 to 500 ppm of dissolved solids. Because some o* these cities treat their water supply, 22 cities serving 8 million people furnish water having a dissolved-solids content between 251 and 500 ppm. Only six cities, serving a population of about iy2 million people, have raw-water supplies containing more than 500 ppm of dissolved solids; four of these cities soften the water and consequently reduce the dissolved-solids content. Thus, about 1 million people in three cities receive water containing more than 500 ppm of dissolved solids.</p>\n<p>Chemical analyses of treated-water supplies indicate that more than 90 percent of the supplies contain less than (a) 500 ppm of dissolved solids, (b) 100 ppm of sulfate, (c) 50 ppm each of calcium, sodium, and chloride, (d) 30 ppm of silica, (e) 20 ppm of magnesium, (f) 5 ppm each of potassium and nitrate, and (g) 1 ppm of fluoride.</p>\n<p>Spectrographic analyses, reported in micrograms per liter (/*g per 1), show that 87 percent of the treated-water supplies contain less than 500 /*g per 1 of aluminum and more than 90 percent of the supplies contain less than (a) 500 /*g per 1 of strontium, (b) 150 /*g per 1 of iron, (c) 50 ^g per 1 of lithium, (d) 10 /ug per 1 each of molybdenum, nickel, lead, and vanadium, and (e) 5 /*g per 1 each cf chromium, rubidium, and titanium.</p>\n<p>Radiochemical analyses of treated-water supplies reveal that the maximum beta activity of these supplies is 130 picocuries per liter (pc per 1) and the maximum activity due to radium content is 2.5 pe per 1, both of which are well under the recommended maximum limits for drinking water.</p>\n<p>The report is divided into two sections. The first describes the uses of water in large cities, the raw-water supplies available for public supplies, tl-&lt;; major and minor constituents and the properties of water, the methods of analyses, the treatment of water, the effects of chemical treatment on constituents and properties of water, and the costs of water treatment. The second is a city-by-city inventory that gives (a) the population of the city, (b) the adjacent communities supplied by the city water system, (c) the total population served, (d) the sources of water supply (including auxiliary and emergency supplies), (e) the average amount of water used daily, (f) the lowest 30-day mean discharge of streams used for public supply during recent years, (g) the treatment of water, (h) the rated capacity of each water-treatment plant, and (i) the storage capacity for raw and finished water. For 58 of the cities, the sources of water, the location of water-treatment plants, and the areas served by the city system are shown on maps. Chemical, spectrographic, and radiochemical analyses of treated water and chemical and spectrographic analyses for many of the raw-water supplies are presented in tabular form.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington,D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1812","usgsCitation":"Durfor, C.N., and Becker, E., 1964, Public water supplies of the 100 largest cities of the United States, 1962: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1812, ix, 364 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1812.","productDescription":"ix, 364 p.","numberOfPages":"372","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science 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,{"id":1232,"text":"wsp1752 - 1964 - Ground-water resources of north-central Connecticut","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:18","indexId":"wsp1752","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1752","title":"Ground-water resources of north-central Connecticut","docAbstract":"The term 'north-central Connecticut' in this report refers to an area of about 640 square miles within the central lowland of the Connecticut River basin north of Middletown. The area is mostly a broad valley floor underlain by unconsolidated deposits of Pleistocene and Recent age which mantle an erosional surface formed on consolidated rocks of pre-Triassic and Triassic age. The mean annual precipitation at Hartford, near the center of the area, is 42.83 inches and is uniformly distributed throughout the year. The average annual streamflow from the area is about 22 inches or about half the precipitation. The consolidated water-bearing formations are crystalline rocks of pre-Triassic age and sedimentary and igneous rocks of the Newark group of Triassic age. \r\n\r\nThe crystalline rocks include the Middletown gneiss, the Maromas granite gneiss, the Glastonbury granite-gneiss of Rice and Gregory (1906), and the Bolton schist which form the basement complex and the Eastern Upland of north-central Connecticut. Enough water for domestic, stock, and small commercial use generally can be obtained from the crystalline rocks. Recoverable ground water occurs in the interconnected joints and fracture zones and is yielded in amounts ranging from 29 to 35 gpm (gallons per minute) to wells ranging in depth from 29 to 550 feet. \r\n\r\nThe sedimentary rocks of Triassic age underlie all the Connecticut River Lowland and are predominantly arkosic sandstone and shale. Water supplies sufficient for domestic, stock, and small commercial use can be obtained from shallow wells penetrating these rocks, and larger supplies sufficient for industries and smaller municipalities can probably be obtained from deeper wells. \r\n\r\nReported yields range from ? to 578 gpm; the larger yields are generally obtained from wells between 300 and 600 feet in depth. Yields are larger where the overlying material is sand and gravel or where the rocks are well fractured. The igneous rocks of Triassic age are basalt and have water-bearing characteristics similar to the crystalline rocks. \r\n\r\nThe unconsolidated deposits comprise ground-moraine and drumlin deposits, ice-contact deposits, outwash-plain and valley-train deposits, and glaciolacustrine and associated delta deposits of Pleistocene age, as well as dune deposits, good-plain deposits, and swamp deposits of Recent age. Ground-moraine deposits occur throughout the area but yield only small quantities of water. \r\n\r\nThe ice-contact deposits consisting mostly of sand and gravel form kames, kame terraces, and crevasse fillings and are the surface deposits in three extensive areas along the eastern margin of the Connecticut River Lowland. The deposits in most places are saturated and, where they consist of well-sorted material, are highly permeable, yielding as much as 750 gpm to properly constructed wells. \r\n\r\nOutwash-plain and valley-train deposits and bodies of undifferentiated outwash underlie the surface in the eastern and southern parts of the area. These deposits consist of well-sorted sand and silt and some pebble gravel ranging in thickness from nearly zero to more than 225 feet in places. The thicker deposits are an important source of moderate supplies of ground water. Screened wells of moderate depth commonly yield about 150 gpm, but some yield as much as 400 gpm. Bodies of buried outwash deposits of irregular size and shape occur in the bottoms of some of the filled bedrock valleys. They seldom are more than 20-30 feet thick. Their permeability Is generally low because of the high percentage of silt; yields as much as 30 gpm to domestic wells are reported. Under most favorable conditions, these deposits yield as much as 500 gpm. The glaciolacustrine and associated delta deposits occur in nearly all parts of north-central Connecticut and are potential sources of moderate supplies of ground water. They consist of well-sorted sand which generally grades downward into varved clay and silt. The deposits of sand are thic","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U. S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1752","usgsCitation":"Cushman, R.V., 1964, Ground-water resources of north-central Connecticut: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1752, v, 96 p. :illus. maps (2 col.) ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1752.","productDescription":"v, 96 p. :illus. maps (2 col.) ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138070,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1752/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26154,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1752/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26155,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1752/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26156,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1752/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26157,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1752/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a97e4b07f02db65add7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cushman, Robert Vittum","contributorId":96661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cushman","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"Vittum","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1896,"text":"wsp1620 - 1964 - Geology and ground water of the Umatilla River Basin, Oregon","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":14147,"text":"ofr5654 - 1956 - Geology and ground-water resources of the Umatilla River basin area, Oregon","indexId":"ofr5654","publicationYear":"1956","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and ground-water resources of the Umatilla River basin area, Oregon"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1896,"text":"wsp1620 - 1964 - Geology and ground water of the Umatilla River Basin, Oregon","indexId":"wsp1620","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and ground water of the Umatilla River Basin, Oregon"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":55745,"text":"ofr5568 - 1955 - Geology of the Umatilla River basin area, Oregon","indexId":"ofr5568","publicationYear":"1955","noYear":false,"title":"Geology of the Umatilla River basin area, Oregon"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1896,"text":"wsp1620 - 1964 - Geology and ground water of the Umatilla River Basin, Oregon","indexId":"wsp1620","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and ground water of the Umatilla River Basin, Oregon"},"id":2}],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-03T13:40:01","indexId":"wsp1620","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1620","title":"Geology and ground water of the Umatilla River Basin, Oregon","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1620","usgsCitation":"Hogenson, G., 1964, Geology and ground water of the Umatilla River Basin, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1620, v, 162 p. :ill., maps ;23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1620.","productDescription":"v, 162 p. :ill., maps ;23 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":27187,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1620/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27186,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1620/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27188,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1620/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138420,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1620/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685ffb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hogenson, G.M.","contributorId":69957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hogenson","given":"G.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":3660,"text":"cir492 - 1964 - Ground-water research of the U.S. Geological Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-12T09:39:40","indexId":"cir492","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"492","title":"Ground-water research of the U.S. Geological Survey","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English ","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir492","usgsCitation":"McGuinness, C., 1964, Ground-water research of the U.S. Geological Survey: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 492, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir492.","productDescription":"7 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,{"id":52417,"text":"ofr64110 - 1964 - Progress report for the Lower Colorado River area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:32","indexId":"ofr64110","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"64-110","title":"Progress report for the Lower Colorado River area","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr64110","usgsCitation":"McDonald, C.C., 1964, Progress report for the Lower Colorado River area: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 64-110, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr64110.","productDescription":"8 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":179096,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db6885b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McDonald, C. C.","contributorId":69204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":245312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2659,"text":"wsp1608F - 1964 - Cenomanian-Turonian aquifer of central Israel, its development and possible use as a storage reservoir","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-12T12:29:21","indexId":"wsp1608F","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1608","chapter":"F","title":"Cenomanian-Turonian aquifer of central Israel, its development and possible use as a storage reservoir","docAbstract":"The Cenomanian-Turonian formations constitute a highly permeable dolomite and limestone aquifer in central Israel. The aquifer is on the west limb of an anticlinorium that trends north-northeast. In places it may be as much as 800 meters thick, but in the report area, largely the foothills of the Judean-Ephraim Mountains where the water development is most intensive, its thickness is generally considerably less. In some places the aquifer occurs at or near the land surface, or it is covered by sandy and gravelly coastal-plain deposits. However, in a large part of the area, it is overlain by as much as 400 meters of relatively impermeable strata, and it is probably underlain by less permeable Lower Cretaceous strata. \n\nIn general the aquifer water is under artesian pressure. The porosity of the aquifer is characterized mainly by solution channels and cavities produced by jointing and faulting. In addition to the generally high permeability of the aquifer, some regions, which probably coincide with ancient drainage patterns and (or) fault zones, have exceptionally high permeabilities. \n\nThe source of most of the water in the aquifer is believed to be rain that falls on the foothills area. The westward movement of ground water from the mountainous outcrop areas appears to be impeded by a zone of low permeability which is related to structural and stratigraphic conditions along the western side of the mountains. \n\nGradients of the piezometric surface are small, and the net direction of water movement is westward and northwestward under natural conditions. Locally, however, the flow pattern may be in other directions owing to spatial variations in permeability in the aquifer, the location of natural discharge outlets, and the relation of the aquifer to adjacent geologic formations. There probably is also a large vertical component of flow. \n\nPumping has modified the flow pattern by producing several irregularly shaped shallow depressions in the piezometric surface although, to date, no unwatering of the aquifer has occurred. In the central part of the area, pumping has induced some infiltration from overlying coastal-plain formations. \n\nInjecting and storing surplus water seasonally in the aquifer should be feasible at almost any place. However, the movement and recovery of the injected water probably could be controlled most easily if the water were injected where depressions have been formed in the piezometric surface.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1608F","usgsCitation":"Schneider, R., 1964, Cenomanian-Turonian aquifer of central Israel, its development and possible use as a storage reservoir: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1608, iii, 20 p. :ill. ;24 cm. + plates folded in pocket., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1608F.","productDescription":"iii, 20 p. :ill. ;24 cm. + plates folded in pocket.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138224,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1608f/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28995,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1608f/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":276493,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1608f/plate-2.pdf"},{"id":276494,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1608f/plate-3.pdf"},{"id":276492,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1608f/plate-1.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6f54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schneider, Robert","contributorId":102460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1685,"text":"wsp1761 - 1964 - Water-supply characteristics of North Carolina streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-01T09:17:41","indexId":"wsp1761","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1761","title":"Water-supply characteristics of North Carolina streams","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1761","usgsCitation":"Goddard, G.C., 1964, Water-supply characteristics of North Carolina streams: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1761, v, 223 p. :maps (1 fold col. in pocket) diagrs., tables. ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1761.","productDescription":"v, 223 p. :maps (1 fold col. in pocket) diagrs., tables. ;24 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":138119,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1761/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26766,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1761/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26767,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1761/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North 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,{"id":1335,"text":"wsp1535J - 1964 - Chemical composition of snow in the northern Sierra Nevada and other areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-06T17:45:05","indexId":"wsp1535J","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1535","chapter":"J","title":"Chemical composition of snow in the northern Sierra Nevada and other areas","docAbstract":"<p>Melting snow provides a large part of the water used throughout the western conterminous United States for agriculture, industry, and domestic supply. It is an active agent in chemical weathering, supplies moisture for forest growth, and sustains fish and wildlife. Despite its importance, virtually nothing has been known of the chemical character of snow in the western mountains until the present study.</p><p>Analysis of more than 100 samples, most from the northern Sierra Nevada, but some from Utah, Denver, Colo., and scattered points, shows that melted snow is a dilute solution containing measurable amounts of some or all of the inorganic constituents commonly found in natural water. There are significant regional differences in chemical composition; the progressive increase in calcium content with increasing distance eastward from the west slope of the Sierra Nevada is the most pronounced. The chemical character of individual snowfalls is variable. Some show predominant influence of oceanic salt; others show strong effects of mineralization from continental sources, probably largely dust. Silica and boron were found in about half the samples analyzed for these constituents; precipitation is seldom analyzed for these substances.</p><p>Results of the chemical analyses for major constituents in snow samples are summarized in the following table. The median and mean values for individual constituents are derived from 41-78 samples of Sierra Nevada snow, 6-18 samples of Utah snow, and 6-17 samples of Denver, Colo., snow.</p><p>The sodium, chloride, and perhaps boron found in snow are probably incorporated in moisture-laden air masses as they move over the Pacific Ocean. Silica, although abundant in the silicate-mineral nuclei found in some snowflakes, may be derived in soluble form largely from dust. Calcium, magnesium, and some bicarbonate are probably added by dust of continental origin. The sources of the other constituents remain unknown.</p><p>When snowmelt comes in contact with the lithosphere, the earlier diversity of chemical type largely disappears. The melt water rapidly increases its content of dissolved solids and becomes calcium magnesium bicarbonate in type. Silica, whose concentration increases more than tenfold, shows the largest gain; calcium and bicarbonate contents also increase markedly. Most of the additional mineral matter is from soft and weathered rock; bicarbonate, however, is largely from the soil atmosphere.</p><p>Investigators, some reporting as much as a century ago, concentrated attention largely on nitrogen compounds and seldom reported other constituents except chloride and sulfate. The Northern European precipitation-sampling network provides the most comprehensive collection of data on precipitation chemistry, but it does not segregate snow from other forms of precipitation. The present study establishes with confidence the chemical character of snow in the Sierra Nevada, and suggests that the dissolved-solids content of precipitation increases with increasing distance inland from the Pacific Coast.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp1535J","usgsCitation":"Feth, J.H., Rogers, S.M., and Roberson, C.E., 1964, Chemical composition of snow in the northern Sierra Nevada and other areas: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1535, Report: iii, 39 p.; Plate: 28.00 x 21.15 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1535J.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 39 p.; Plate: 28.00 x 21.15 inches","numberOfPages":"45","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":26389,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1535j/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26390,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1535j/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137406,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1535j/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":109971,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24719.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"24719"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, Oregon, Utah","city":"Denver","otherGeospatial":"Sierra Nevada","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dfe4b07f02db5e3c6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Feth, John Henry Frederick","contributorId":37310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feth","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"Henry Frederick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rogers, S. M.","contributorId":101637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roberson, Charles Elmer","contributorId":79451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberson","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"Elmer","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":52398,"text":"ofr6455 - 1964 - Measurement of turbine discharge with radioisotopes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:34","indexId":"ofr6455","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"64-55","title":"Measurement of turbine discharge with radioisotopes","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr6455","usgsCitation":"Frederick, B.J., 1964, Measurement of turbine discharge with radioisotopes: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 64-55, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr6455.","productDescription":"32 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":177777,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fc17c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frederick, B. J.","contributorId":16896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frederick","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":245280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2236,"text":"wsp1779X - 1964 - Quality of Delaware River water at Trenton, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-07T09:14:45","indexId":"wsp1779X","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1779","chapter":"X","title":"Quality of Delaware River water at Trenton, New Jersey","docAbstract":"Water in the Delaware River at Trenton, NJ, is a mixture of several types--water from the mountainous headwater region, water from the coal-mining regions, and water from the limestone valleys. The quantities of these types of water, in relation to the total quantity of water at Trenton, vary with changes in season and reservoir releases. \r\n\r\n      The chemical quality of the water during the 17-year period 1945-61 was excellent, and the water was suitable for most uses after little or no treatment. The average concentration of dissolved solids was 86 ppm (parts per million), and 90 percent of the time it ranged from 57 to 126 ppm. Usually the pH of the water was close to 7.0 (considered to be a neutral point-neither acid nor alkaline). The hardness was less than 86 ppm 95 percent of the time. The general composition of the dissolved-solids content, in terms of equivalents, is 28 percent calcium, 14 percent magnesium, 8 percent sodium plus potassium, 43 percent bicarbonate plus sulfate, 5 percent chloride, and 2 percent nitrate. Concentrations of minerals in the river water are lowest during March, April and May (median concentration of dissolved solids 66 PPM) and are highest during August and September (median, 107 PPM). \r\n\r\n      Each year an average of 880,000 tons of dissolved solids and 932,000 tons of suspended solids are carried past Trenton by the Delaware River. The greatest monthly loads of dissolved solids are in March and April, and the smallest are from July to October. Suspended-solids loads are greater when the streamflow is high but small the rest of the time. Concentration of suspended solids exceeds 100 PPM only 5 percent of the time.\r\n\r\n      The headwaters in the Delaware River basin are the source of water of excellent quality. Much of this water is stored in reservoirs, and when released during August and September, it improves the quality of the water at Trenton. These releases to augment low flow have the effect of narrowing the range of concentrations of dissolved constituents. In 1952 and 1962, 6 and 19 percent, respectively, of the drainage area above Trenton was regulated by reservoirs. After proposed construction, 60 percent will be regulated by 1975. Thus, it may be that the high concentrations of dissolved constituents observed in the 1945-61 period will not occur again. \r\n\r\n      It is possible that the water quality observed during the period 1945-61 (dissolved solids 57-126 PPM 90 percent of the time, pH close to 7.0, hardness less than 86 PPM 95 percent of the time) is representative of what can be expected in the future, for a variety of hydrologic conditions were experienced in the 17-year period.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/wsp1779X","usgsCitation":"McCarthy, L.T., and Keighton, W.B., 1964, Quality of Delaware River water at Trenton, New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1779, iv, 51 p. :graphs, fold. map (in pocket) ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1779X.","productDescription":"iv, 51 p. :graphs, fold. map (in pocket) ;24 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":137764,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1779x/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27995,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1779x/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27996,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1779x/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8fe4b07f02db65515d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCarthy, Leo T. Jr.","contributorId":27029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarthy","given":"Leo","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keighton, Walter B.","contributorId":81877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keighton","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":57732,"text":"ofr64169 - 1964 - Ground-water levels in observation wells in Oklahoma, 1961-62","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-16T09:34:27","indexId":"ofr64169","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"64-169","title":"Ground-water levels in observation wells in Oklahoma, 1961-62","docAbstract":"<p>The investigation of the ground-water resources of Oklahoma by the U. S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Oklahoma Water Resources Board includes a continuing program to collect records of water levels in selected observation wells on a systematic basis. These water-level records: (1) provide an index to available ground-water supplies; (2) facilitate the prediction of trends in water levels that will indicate likely changes in storage; (3) aid in the prediction of the base flow of streams; (4) provide information for use in basic research; (5) provide long-term continuous records of fluctuations of water levels in representative wells; and (6) serve as a framework to which other types of hydrologic data may be related.</p><p>Prior to 1956, measurements of water levels in observation wells in Oklahoma were included in water-supply papers published annually by the U. S. Geological Survey (table 1). Beginning with the 1956 calendar year, however, Geological Survey water-level reports will contain only records of a selected network of observation wells, and will be published at 5-year intervals. The first of this series, for the 1956-59 period, was published in 1962.</p><p>This report has been prepared primarily to present water-level records of wells not included in the Federal network. However, for the sake of completeness it includes water-level records of Federal wells that either have been or will be published in Water-Supply Papers since 1955. This report, which contains water-level records for the 2-year period (1961-62), is the second of a series presenting water-level records for all permanent observation wells in Oklahoma. The first report, published in 1963, contains water-level records for the 5-year period (1956-60).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr64169","usgsCitation":"Wood, P., and Moeller, M., 1964, Ground-water levels in observation wells in Oklahoma, 1961-62: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 64-169, 119 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr64169.","productDescription":"119 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":359483,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1964/0169/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":184446,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1964/0169/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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