Rodlets, occurring in shale and coal (uppermost Berriasian to middle Aptian, Lower Cretaceous), were identified from drill cuttings taken from depths between 9330 ft (2844 m) and 11, 460 ft (3493 m) in the Texaco et al., Federal Block 598, No. 2 well, in the Baltimore Canyon Trough. Under the binocular microscope, most of the rodlets appear black, but a few are reddish brown, or brownish and translucent on thin edges. They range in diameter from about 0.4 to 1.7 mm and are commonly flattened. The rodlets break with a conchoidal fracture, and some show an apparent cellular cast on their longitudinal surfaces. When polished and viewed in reflected light, the rodlets appear dark gray and have an average random reflectance of less than 0.1% whereas mean maximum reflectances are 0.48–0.55% for vitrinite in the associated shale and coal. These vitrinite reflectances indicate either subbituminous A or high-volatile C bituminous coal. The rodlets fluoresce dull gray yellow to dull yellow. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) and light microscope reveal the presence of swirl-like features in the rodlet interiors. Minerals associated with the rodlets occur as sand-size grains attached to the outer surface, as finely disseminated interior grains, and as fracture fillings. Electron microprobe and SEM-energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) anlayses indicate that the minerals are dominantly clays (probably illite and chlorite) and iron disulfide; calcium carbonate, silicon dioxide, potassium aluminum silicate (feldspar), titanium dioxide, zinc sulfide, and iron sulfate minerals have been also identified. The rodlets were analyzed directly for C, H, N, O, and total S and are interpreted as true resins on the basis of C and H contents that range from 75.6 to 80.3 and from 7.4 to 8.7 wt. % (dry, ash-free basis), respectively. Elemental and infrared data support a composition similar to that of resinite from bituminous coal. Elements determined to be organically associated in the rodlets include S (0.2–0.5 wt.%), Cl (0.03–0.1 wt.%), and Si (0.05–0.08 wt.%). The ash content of the resin rodlets ranges from 4 to 24 wt.% and averages 12 wt.%. Total sulfur contents range from 1.7 to 3.6 wt.%. Resins of fossil plants are known to have little or no sulfur and ash; therefore, these data and the presence of minerals in fractures indicate that most of the sulfur and mineral matter were introduced into the resin partly or wholly after the time of brittle fracture of the resin. The probable source of the resin rodlets is fossil pinaceous conifer cones, which are known to have resin canals as much as 2400 μm in diameter.
Heating rate profiles for the furnace tube wall, the furnace atmosphere, and a L'vov platform were established for a range of conditions in a cyclically heated graphite atomizer. The tube wall profile was made by direct observation with a recording optical pyrometer. The sodium line reversal method was used to establish the heating rate of the furnace atmosphere, and appearance temperatures for a series metals of differing volatility was used to establish platform profiles. The tube wall heating rate was nearly linear at 2240°C s− until the desired temperature was reached after which the temperature remained constant. The furnace atmosphere reached a given temperature 0.2–0.4 s later than the tube wall through most of the atomize cycle. The platform lagged the tube wall 0.5–0.8 s. Under typical operating conditions the furnace atmosphere was 100–200°C cooler than the tube wall and at nearly constant temperature when the analyte vaporized from the platform. The L'vov platform causes the cyclically heated commercial furnace to approximate the behavior of a constant temperature furnace during atomization.
A study of runoff to selected lakes was done in the Twin Cities metropolitan area from July 1981 to December 1982. The purpose of the study was to determine differences in nutrient-loading characteristics for lakes with and without wetlands and settling ponds. The study also quantified nutrient loading to lakes on a storm, seasonal, and annual basis, complementing an inlake water-quality study of these lakes done by the Metropolitan Council.
\nDischarge and water-quality data were collected periodically during 1981 and continuously during 1982 at 22 sites located in seven lake watersheds Bryant Lake, Lake Elmo, Fish Lake, Lake George, Lake Riley, Spring Lake, and Square Lake. Basin characteristics and land use were determined for each watershed. Recording instruments provided continuous discharge records at 14 sites and continuous rainfall records at six sites. Automatic water-quality samplers were used at lake inlets. The automatic samplers collected samples at 1- to 2-hour intervals during storms. Lake-outlet samples were collected manually on a weekly basis during flow. Samples were analyzed for suspended solids and nutrients. Atmospheric-input data were collected at eight sites from September 23 to November 1, 1982. Discharge and water-quality data were used to calculate storm, seasonal, and annual loads of total suspended solids, volatile suspended solids, total phosphorus, dissolved phosphorus, nitrite-plus-nitrate nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, and ammonia-plus-organic nitrogen.
\nAll data collected during the study are documented in tables and graphs that contain (1) watershed characteristics and land use; (2) storm concentrations; (3) storm, seasonal, and annual loads; (4) storm hydrographs; (5) atmospheric-input concentrations and loads; (6) storm, seasonal, and annual precipitation totals; and (7) results of quality-assurance tests.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/ofr83543","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Metropolitan Council of the Twin Cities","usgsCitation":"Nelson, L., and Brown, R.G., 1983, Streamflow and water-quality data for lake and wetland inflows and outflows in the Twin Cities metropolitan area, Minnesota, 1981-82: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 83-543, ix, 182 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr83543.","productDescription":"ix, 182 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":49808,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0543/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":409821,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_14097.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":152307,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0543/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Twin Cities metropolitan area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.60496854789335,\n 45.32564700821305\n ],\n [\n -93.60496854789335,\n 44.46539742917852\n ],\n [\n -92.93961890825824,\n 44.46539742917852\n ],\n [\n -92.93961890825824,\n 45.32564700821305\n ],\n [\n -93.60496854789335,\n 45.32564700821305\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4f2e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Luanne","contributorId":67909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Luanne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, R. G.","contributorId":106118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29771,"text":"wri824020 - 1983 - Effect of urbanization on the water resources of Warminster Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-09T23:14:53.562485","indexId":"wri824020","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"82-4020","title":"Effect of urbanization on the water resources of Warminster Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Rapid suburban development occurred in Warminster Township and the surrounding area after World War II, resulting in a large population dependent on ground water. In 1980, approximately 2.7 billion gallons of ground water was pumped by public water suppliers and government facilities. Pumping wells can cause drawdown as far as 2,500 feet undip, downdip, or along strike even if the wells do not penetrate the same strata. Pumping wells have lowered base flow; a stream-gain-and-loss study showed that water lost from Little Neshaminy Creek was about 60 percent of the water pumped from wells near the stream. Net ground-water infiltration to sewers was about 830 million gallons in 1979, a wet year, and about 250 million gallons in 1980, a dry year. Estimated water budgets for 1979 and 1980 indicate evapotranspiration can range from 20 to 26 inches per year (1.0 to 1.2 million gallons per day per square mile) and recharge can range from 8 to 18 inches per year (0.4 to 0.9 million gallons per day per square mile). In a year with average precipitation (45 inches or 2.1 million gallons per day per square mile), evapotranspiration is about 24 inches (1.1 million gallons per day per square mile). Ground-water development in the area influenced by pumping is at its practical limit for years of average recharge, but as much as 1.1 million gallons per day of additional water may be obtained by drilling and pumping wells in areas of Warminster Township not affected by pumping.\r\n\r\n The concentration of most dissolved constituents increased in water from seven wells, sampled at the onset of urbanization in 1953 and 1956 and again in 1979. Ground-water contamination by volatile organic compounds, especially trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene, has made water from some wells unsuitable for public supply. The concentration of lead in 26 samples of ground water ranged from 0 to 55 micrograms per liter, with a median of 17 micrograms per liter; this is above the reported national median and the median in nearby Chester County. High concentrations of sulfate and dissolved solids in ground water are probably caused by restricted gournd-water circulation and may be reduced by long-term pumping, which flushes the aquifer. Effluent from sewage treatment plants has degraded the quality of low streamflow.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri824020","usgsCitation":"Sloto, R., and Davis, D., 1983, Effect of urbanization on the water resources of Warminster Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 82-4020, vi, 78 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri824020.","productDescription":"vi, 78 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":424248,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35548.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":58571,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1982/4020/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124906,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1982/4020/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Bucks County","otherGeospatial":"Warminster Township","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.183,\n 40.25\n ],\n [\n -75.183,\n 40.158\n ],\n [\n -75,\n 40.158\n ],\n [\n -75,\n 40.25\n ],\n [\n -75.183,\n 40.25\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625428","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sloto, R. A.","contributorId":36155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sloto","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, D.K.","contributorId":107324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011212,"text":"70011212 - 1983 - Petrologic monitoring of 1981 and 1982 eruptive products from Mount St. Helens","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-11-25T16:57:31.369492","indexId":"70011212","displayToPublicDate":"1983-09-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrologic monitoring of 1981 and 1982 eruptive products from Mount St. Helens","docAbstract":"New material from the dacite lava dome of Mount St. Helens, collected soon after the start of each successive extrusion, is subjected to rapid chemical and petrologic analysis. The crystallinity of the dacite lava produced in 1981 and 1982 is 38 to 42 percent, about 10 percent higher than for products of the explosive 1980 eruptions. This increase in crystallinity accompanies a decrease in the ratio of hornblende to hornblende plus orthopyroxene, which suggests that the volatile-rich, crystal-poor material explosively erupted in 1980 came from the top of a zoned magma chamber and that a lower, volatile-poor and crystal-rich region is now being tapped. The major-element chemistry of the dacite lava has remained essentially constant (62 to 63 percent silica) since August 1980, ending a trend of decreasing silica seen in the products of the explosive eruptions of May through August 1980.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.221.4618.1385","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Cashman, K.V., and Taggart, J.E., 1983, Petrologic monitoring of 1981 and 1982 eruptive products from Mount St. Helens: Science, v. 221, no. 4618, p. 1385-1387, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.221.4618.1385.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"1385","endPage":"1387","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220755,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.32291374577194,\n 46.30965046710372\n ],\n [\n -122.32291374577194,\n 46.13060496659935\n ],\n [\n -122.0390350130564,\n 46.13060496659935\n ],\n [\n -122.0390350130564,\n 46.30965046710372\n ],\n [\n -122.32291374577194,\n 46.30965046710372\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"221","issue":"4618","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7813e4b0c8380cd7861c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cashman, K. V.","contributorId":16831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cashman","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taggart, J. E.","contributorId":14829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taggart","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70200535,"text":"70200535 - 1983 - Channels and valleys on Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-23T11:12:50","indexId":"70200535","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T11:12:08","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Channels and valleys on Mars","docAbstract":"The discovery of channels, valleys, and related features of aqueous origin on Mars is of profound importance in comparative planetology. Models of the evolution of planetary surfaces and atmospheres must be reconciled with the diversity, abundance, and origins of channels and valleys on Mars. The term “channel” is properly restricted to those Martian troughs that display at least some evidence of large-scale fluid flow on their floors. Outflow channels show evidence of flows emanating from zones of chaotic terrain. The term “valley” applies to those elongate Martian troughs, or systems of troughs, that also appear to have formed by fluid flow, but which lack a suite of bed forms on their floors. The Martian valleys of greatest interest consist of interconnected, digitate networks that dissect extensive areas of heavily cratered uplands on the planet. The diversity of Martian channels and valleys is nearly as great as that of their terrestrial counterparts. Even though polygenetic and highly modified features abound, water was a necessary ingredient in the various channel- and valley-forming processes. The outflow channels involved large-scale fluid flow, entailing as yet unresolved percentages of liquid and solid phases, entrained sediment, and debris flowage. The formation of valley networks required ground water or ground ice, contributing to sapping and various other hillslope phenomena. Channels and valley networks probably require an ancient epoch with surface temperatures and pressures higher than at present. The aqueous formation of channels is release-limited, requiring short-duration floods of immense volumes. The origin of valley networks is perseverance-limited, requiring the maintenance of prolonged seepage and surface flow. Both phenomena are consistent with a thick, ice-rich Martian permafrost formed either during a volatile-rich early epoch or by very effective recycling of planetary water.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1983)94<1035:CAVOM>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Mars Channel Working Group, 1983, Channels and valleys on Mars: GSA Bulletin, v. 94, no. 9, p. 1035-1054, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1983)94<1035:CAVOM>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1035","endPage":"1054","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358669,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mars Channel Working Group","contributorId":209982,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Mars Channel Working Group","id":749399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011210,"text":"70011210 - 1983 - Two classes of volcanic plumes on Io","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-11T13:57:31","indexId":"70011210","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Two classes of volcanic plumes on Io","docAbstract":"Comparison of Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 images of the south polar region of Io has revealed that a major volcanic eruption occured there during the period between the two spacecraft encounters. An annular deposit ∼1400 km in diameter formed around the Aten Patera caldera (311°W, 48°S), the floor of which changed from orange to red-black. The characteristics of this eruption are remarkably similar to those described earlier for an eruption centered on Surt caldera (338°W, 45°N) that occured during the same period, also at high latitude, but in the north. Both volcanic centers were evidently inactive during the Voyager 1 and 2 encounters but were active sometime between the two. The geometric and colorimetric characteristics, as well as scale of the two annular deposits, are virtually identical; both resemble the surface features formed by the eruption of Pele (255°W, 18°S). These three very large plume eruptions suggest a class of eruption distinct from that of six smaller plumes observed to be continously active by both Voyagers 1 and 2. The smaller plumes, of which Prometheus is the type example, are longer-lived, deposit bright, whitish material, erupt at velocities of ∼0.5 km sec−1, and are concentrated at low latitudes in an equatorial belt around the satellite. The very large Pele-type plumes, on the other hand, are relatively short-lived, deposit darker red materials, erupt at ∼1.0 km sec−1, and (rather than restricted to a latitudinal band) are restricted in longitude from 240° to 360°W. Both direct thermal infrared temperature measurements and the implied color temperatures for quenched liquid sulfur suggest that hot spot temperatures of ∼650°K are associated with the large plumes and temperatures <400°K with the small plumes. The typical eruption duration of the small plumes is at least several years; that of the large plumes appears to be of the order of days to weeks. The two classes therefore differ by more than two orders of magnitude in duration of eruption. Based on uv, visible, and infrared spectra, the small plumes seem to contain and deposit SO2 in their annuli whereas the large plumes apparently do not. Two other plumes that occur at either end of the linear feature Loki may be intermediate or hybrid between the two classes, exhibiting attributes of both. Additionally, Loki occurs in the area of overlap in the regional distributions of the two plume classes. Two distinct volcanic systems involving different volatiles may be responsible for the two classes. We propose that the discrete temperatures associated with the two classes are a direct reflection of sulfur's peculiar variation in viscosity with temperature. Over two temperature ranges (∼400 to 430°K and >650°K), sulfur is a low-viscosity fluid (orange and black, respectively); at other temperatures it is either solid or has a high viscosity. As a result, there will be two zones in Io's crust in which liquid sulfur will flow freely: a shallow zone of orange sulfur and a deeper zone of black sulfur. A low-temperature system driven by SO2heated to 400 to 400°K by the orange sulfur zone seems the best model for the small plumes; a system driven by sulfur heated to >650°K by hot or even molten silicates in the black sulfur zone seems the best explanation for the large plume class. The large Pele-type plumes are apparently concentrated in a region of the satellite in which a thinner sulfur-rich crust overlies the tidally heated silicate lithosphere, so the black sulfur zone may be fairly shallow in this region. The Prometheus-type plumes are possibly confined to the equatorial belt by some process that concentrates SO2 fluid in the equatorial crust.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0019-1035(83)90075-1","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"McEwen, A.S., and Soderblom, L., 1983, Two classes of volcanic plumes on Io: Icarus, v. 55, no. 2, p. 191-217, https://doi.org/10.1016/0019-1035(83)90075-1.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"191","endPage":"217","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220692,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb94ce4b08c986b327bb3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McEwen, A. S.","contributorId":11317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McEwen","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Soderblom, L.A. 0000-0002-0917-853X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0917-853X","contributorId":6139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011419,"text":"70011419 - 1983 - Tin granites of Seward Peninsula, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-03T12:21:11.449223","indexId":"70011419","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tin granites of Seward Peninsula, Alaska","docAbstract":"Seven granite plutons, spatially and genetically related to tin metalization, are exposed in a 170-km-long belt across northwestern Seward Peninsula, Alaska. These plutons are cupolas and epizonal composite stocks that consist of several textural varieties of biotite granite, including medium- to coarse-grained seriate biotite granite, porphyritic biotite granite with an aplitic groundmass, and fine- to medium-grained equigranular biotite granite. The common accessory minerals are fluorite, allanite, apatite, and zircon. Other accessory minerals that are locally present include tourmaline, sphene, opaque oxide minerals, and late-forming (deuteric) muscovite and chlorite. The granites range in major-element contents as follows: SiO2, 72.5% to 76.6%; A12O3, 12.7% to 14.3%; Na2O, 2.9% to 4.0%; K2O, 3.9% to 5.6%; and CaO, 0.6% to 1.2%. The sum of FeO + Fe2O3 + MgO ranges from 0.3% to 2.4%; and the K2O to Na2O ratio from 1.1 to 1.8. The 0.1% to 0.9% F and 0.01% to 0.2% Cl reflect the over-all volatile-rich nature of the granites. The granites contain average or below-average concentrations of Co, Sc, Cr, and Zn, and generally above-average to distinctly high concentrations of Th, U, Hf, and Ta. The large cations emphasize the evolved nature of the granites; the Rb/Sr ratio is as high as 90 in some samples. Initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios range from 0.708 to as high as 0.720. The three Rb-Sr isochrons defined by the data agree with K-Ar age determinations and show that the stocks were emplaced during the Late Cretaceous, between about 70 and 80 m.y. ago.
The field, petrologic, and geochemical data indicate that the plutons had a multistage origin that involved large-scale melting of sialic crust, emplacement of magmas derived from batholithic fractionation at depth, and subsequent evolution of these magmas to generate small volumes of more highly evolved residual magmas. Although evolution of the granite complexes was largely governed by crystal-melt fractionation, some minor-element variations in the highly evolved granites cannot be explained by this process. For example, the distribution of rubidium and the light rare-earths appears to have been influenced by volatile depletion at the final stages of crystallization. The field data, petrologic data, and variation trends, such as distinct shifts toward higher albite contents in the residual granites, suggest that the coexistence of a volatile phase was important in their evolution. These results require that models seeking to explain compositional gradients in high-level granite (rhyolite) systems fully consider the role of a coexisting volatile phase.
The mobility (volatility) of trace elements in coal during pyrolysis has been studied for distances of up to 40 cm between the coal and the trace element collector, which was graphite or a baffled solvent trap. Nineteen elements not previously recorded as mobile were detected.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-2361(83)90157-6","issn":"00162361","usgsCitation":"Shiley, R., Konopka, K., Cahill, R., Hinckley, C., Smith, G.V., Twardowska, H., and Saporoschenko, M., 1983, Methods for detecting the mobility of trace elements during medium-temperature pyrolysis: Fuel, v. 62, no. 8, p. 905-907, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(83)90157-6.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"905","endPage":"907","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221511,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a55aae4b0c8380cd6d260","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shiley, R.H.","contributorId":44282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shiley","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Konopka, K.L.","contributorId":11333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konopka","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cahill, R.A.","contributorId":66393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cahill","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hinckley, C.C.","contributorId":50656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinckley","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, Gerard V.","contributorId":93629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Gerard","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Twardowska, H.","contributorId":98038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twardowska","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Saporoschenko, Mykola","contributorId":31905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saporoschenko","given":"Mykola","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":44519,"text":"wri8215 - 1982 - Organic solutes in ground water at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-15T09:55:09","indexId":"wri8215","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"82-15","title":"Organic solutes in ground water at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory","docAbstract":"In August 1980, the U.S. Geological Survey started a reconnaissance survey of organic solutes in drinking water sources, ground-water monitoring wells, perched water table monitoring wells, and in select waste streams at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL). \n\nThe survey was to be a two-phase program. In the first phase, 77 wells and 4 potential point sources were sampled for dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Four wells and several potential point sources of insecticides and herbicides were sampled for insecticides and herbicides. Fourteen wells and four potential organic sources were sampled for volatile and semivolatile organic compounds. \n\nThe results of the DOC analyses indicate no high level (>20 mg/L DOC) organic contamination of ground water. The only detectable insecticide or herbicide was a DDT concentration of 10 parts per trillion (0.01 microgram per liter) in one observation well. \n\nThe volatile and semivolatile analyses do not indicate the presence of hazardous organic contaminants in significant amounts (>10 micrograms per liter) in the samples taken. \n\nDue to the lack of any significant organic ground-water contamination in this reconnaissance survey, the second phase of the study, which was to follow up the first phase by additional sampling of any contaminated wells, was canceled.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Idaho Falls, ID","doi":"10.3133/wri8215","collaboration":"Prepared on behalf of the U.S. Department of Energy","usgsCitation":"Leenheer, J.A., and Bagby, J.C., 1982, Organic solutes in ground water at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 82-15, iv, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8215.","productDescription":"iv, 39 p.","numberOfPages":"47","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":287226,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1982/0015/report.pdf"},{"id":287227,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1982/0015/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -113.201447,43.348438 ], [ -113.201447,43.903479 ], [ -112.555754,43.903479 ], [ -112.555754,43.348438 ], [ -113.201447,43.348438 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68ad0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leenheer, Jerry A.","contributorId":72420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leenheer","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bagby, Jefferson C.","contributorId":9696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bagby","given":"Jefferson","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":10419,"text":"ofr82587 - 1982 - The determination of total volatiles in rocks by loss-on-fusion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:40","indexId":"ofr82587","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"82-587","title":"The determination of total volatiles in rocks by loss-on-fusion","docAbstract":"A fast and accurate technique has been developed for the determination of the total volatile content of rocks. The loss on fusion (LOF) results are comparable to the conventional time-consuming wet-chemical procedure but require no additional effort or cost when conducted as part of the usual sample preparation procedure for quantitative X-ray fluorescence spectrometric analysis (XRF). The technique utilizes the weight loss of the rock when fused with a suitable blend of lithium tetraborate and lithium nitrate. A simple mass balance model is used to represent the thermogravimetric results and to identify the nature of the high temperature mass alteration reactions taking place in the fusion melt. Under the sample preparation conditions used in this study, sulfide appears to be retained quantitatively in the fusion disc sulfate, a phenomenon permitting the determination of sulfide in prepared by a conventional fusion procedure in the form of \r\nrock samples.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr82587","usgsCitation":"Mossotti, V., and King, B., 1982, The determination of total volatiles in rocks by loss-on-fusion: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-587, 23 p., ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr82587.","productDescription":"23 p., ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":145652,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/0587/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":38278,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/0587/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db6687ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mossotti, V.G.","contributorId":43785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mossotti","given":"V.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, B.","contributorId":78750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":11306,"text":"ofr82835 - 1982 - Determination of the true density of pulverized coal samples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:22","indexId":"ofr82835","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"82-835","title":"Determination of the true density of pulverized coal samples","docAbstract":"A method using the gas-comparison pycnometer with helium gas as the penetrating medium measures precisely the true volume of a pulverized coal sample. The true density of a solid is calculated as the true unit volume of the solid exclusive of its pore space which is divided into the weight of the sample. \r\n\r\nThe method is similar to that used to determine the density of refractory materials but the procedure is modified to yield precise density determinations of coal samples. These modifications diminish effects of trapped moisture and gases on the volume measurement. \r\n\r\nThe helium gas-comparison pycnometer method is rapid, reliable, precise, and requires minimal analytical equipment and sample preparation, and also is non-destructive to the coal sample. Using this method, densities can be determined on coal samples of subbituminous to low-volatile bituminous rank and perhaps also on samples of lignite. The density of anthracite samples has not been determined by this method.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr82835","usgsCitation":"Stanton, R., 1982, Determination of the true density of pulverized coal samples: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-835, 18 p., ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr82835.","productDescription":"18 p., ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143472,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/0835/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":39109,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/0835/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667a44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stanton, R.W.","contributorId":19164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanton","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70185630,"text":"70185630 - 1982 - Volatilization of ketones from water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-26T09:56:15","indexId":"70185630","displayToPublicDate":"1982-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volatilization of ketones from water","docAbstract":"The overall mass-transfer coefficients for the volatilization from water of acetone, 2-butanone, 2-pentanone, 3-pentanone, 4-methyl-2-pentanone, 2-heptanone, and 2-octanone were measured simultaneously with the oxygen-absorption coefficient in a laboratory stirred water bath. The liquid-film and gas-film coefficients of the two-film model were determined for the ketones from the overall coefficients, and both film resistances were important for volatilization of the ketones.
The liquid-film coefficients for the ketones varied with the 0.719 power of the molecular-diffusion coefficient, in agreement with the literature. The liquid-film coefficients showed a variable dependence on molecular weight, with the dependence ranging from the −0.263 power for acetone to the −0.378 power for 2-octanone. This is in contrast with the literature where a constant −0.500 power dependence on the molecular weight is assumed.
The gas-film coefficients for the ketones showed no dependence on molecular weight, in contrast with the literature where a −0.500 power is assumed.
","language":"English","publisher":"D. Reidel Publishing Co","doi":"10.1007/BF00283158","usgsCitation":"Rathbun, R.E., and Tai, D.Y., 1982, Volatilization of ketones from water: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 17, no. 3, p. 281-293, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00283158.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"281","endPage":"293","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338331,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d63041e4b05ec799131123","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rathbun, R. E.","contributorId":61796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rathbun","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tai, D. Y.","contributorId":59778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tai","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011663,"text":"70011663 - 1982 - Water-soluble material on aerosols collected within volcanic eruption clouds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-16T15:00:42.55983","indexId":"70011663","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9107,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research - Oceans","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water-soluble material on aerosols collected within volcanic eruption clouds","docAbstract":"In February and March of 1978, filter samplers mounted on an aircraft were used to collect the aerosol fraction of the eruption clouds from three active Guatemalan volcanoes (Fuego, Pacaya, and Santiaguito). The samples were collected on Teflon (Fluoropore) filters with a nominal pore diameter of 0.5μm. The mass of air sampled by the filters ranged from 0.15 to 6.6 kg. The particulate material collected consisted of fragments of angular silicate ash and droplets of what is interpreted as dilute H2SO4 and HCl. After collection of the samples, each filter was rinsed with 60 ml of distilled-deionized water. Splits of each extract were centrifuged to remove particles greater than or equal to 0.1 μm in diameter, acidified, and analyzed for B, Ba, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Pb, Si, Sr, V, and Zn by inductively coupled plasma—optical emission spectroscopy. Separate splits were analyzed for F and Cl by specific-ion-electrode methods and for U by a fission track technique. The elements dissolved in the aqueous extracts represent components of water-soluble material either formed directly in the eruption cloud or derived from interaction of ash particles and aerosol components of the plume. Calculations of enrichment factors, based upon concentration ratios, showed the elements most enriched in the extracts relative to bulk ash composition were Cd, Cu, V, F, Cl, Zn, and Pb. These elements represent a subset (with the addition of Cl and F) of elements previously reported enriched in atmospheric aerosols in remote regions as well as in volcanic areas. This suggests that some of the enriched elements were widely dispersed as volatile halides emitted from a volcanic source.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JC087iC07p04963","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Smith, D.B., Zielinski, R.A., Rose, W., and Huebert, B., 1982, Water-soluble material on aerosols collected within volcanic eruption clouds: Journal of Geophysical Research - Oceans, v. 87, no. C7, p. 4963-4972, https://doi.org/10.1029/JC087iC07p04963.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"4963","endPage":"4972","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":221606,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"C7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcef3e4b08c986b32e64e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, D. B. davidsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":12840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.","email":"davidsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zielinski, R. A. 0000-0002-4047-5129","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4047-5129","contributorId":106930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zielinski","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":361654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rose, W.I. Jr.","contributorId":25275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"W.I.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Huebert, B.J.","contributorId":6189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huebert","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70011859,"text":"70011859 - 1982 - Composition of estuarine colloidal material: Organic components","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-18T14:28:53.733867","indexId":"70011859","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Composition of estuarine colloidal material: Organic components","docAbstract":"Colloidal material in the size range 1.2 nm to 0.4 μm was isolated by ultrafiltration from Chesapeake Bay and Patuxent River waters (U.S.A.). Temperature controlled, stepwise pyrolysis of the freeze-dried material, followed by gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analyses of the volatile products indicates that the primary organic components of this polymer are carbohydrates and peptides. The major pyrolysis products at the 450°C step are acetic acid, furaldehydes, furoic acid, furanmethanol, diones and lactones characteristic of carbohydrate thermal decomposition. Pyrroles, pyridines, amides and indole (protein derivatives) become more prevalent and dominate the product yield at the 600°C pyrolysis step. Olefins and saturated hydrocarbons, originating from fatty acids, are present only in minor amounts. These results are consistent with the composition of Chesapeake phytoplankton (approximately 50% protein, 30% carbohydrate, 10% lipid and 10% nucleotides by dry weight). The pyrolysis of a cultured phytoplankton and natural particulate samples produced similar oxygen and nitrogencontaining compounds, although the proportions of some components differ relative to the colloidal fraction. There were no lignin derivatives indicative of terrestrial plant detritus in any of these samples. The data suggest that aquatic microorganisms, rather than terrestrial plants, are the dominant source of colloidal organic material in these river and estuarine surface waters.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(82)90318-0","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Sigleo, A., Hoering, T., and Helz, G., 1982, Composition of estuarine colloidal material: Organic components: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 46, no. 9, p. 1619-1626, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(82)90318-0.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1619","endPage":"1626","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220795,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f928e4b0c8380cd4d47e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sigleo, A.C.","contributorId":20899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sigleo","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoering, T.C.","contributorId":101011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoering","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Helz, G.R.","contributorId":96823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helz","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70186167,"text":"70186167 - 1982 - Volatilization of organic compounds from streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-23T17:21:18.600332","indexId":"70186167","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2255,"text":"Journal of Environmental Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volatilization of organic compounds from streams","docAbstract":"Mass-transfer coefficients for the volatilization of ethylene and propane were correlated with the hydraulic and geometric properties of seven streams, and predictive equations were developed. The equations were evaluated using a normalized root-mean-square error as the criterion of comparison. The two best equations were a two-variable equation containing the energy dissipated per unit mass per unit time and the average depth of flow and a three-variable equation containing the average velocity, the average depth of flow, and the slope of the stream. Procedures for adjusting the ethylene and propane coefficients for other organic compounds were evaluated. These procedures are based on molecular diffusivity, molecular diameter, or molecular weight. Because of limited data, none of these procedures have been extensively verified. Therefore, until additional data become available, it is suggested that the mass-transfer coefficient be assumed to be inversely proportional to the square root of the molecular weight.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/JEEGAV.0001356","usgsCitation":"Rathburn, R.E., and Tai, D.Y., 1982, Volatilization of organic compounds from streams: Journal of Environmental Engineering, v. 108, p. 973-989, https://doi.org/10.1061/JEEGAV.0001356.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"973","endPage":"989","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338830,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58de1955e4b02ff32c699cdf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rathburn, Ronald E.","contributorId":190187,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rathburn","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tai, D. Y.","contributorId":59778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tai","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011451,"text":"70011451 - 1982 - Fate of acetone in water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-26T09:59:06","indexId":"70011451","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1226,"text":"Chemosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fate of acetone in water","docAbstract":"The physical, chemical, and biological processes that might affect the concentration of acetone in water were investigated in laboratory studies. Processes considered included volatilization, adsorption by sediments, photodecomposition, bacterial degradation, and absorption by algae and molds. It was concluded that volatilization and bacterial degradation were the dominant processes determining the fate of acetone in streams and rivers.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0045-6535(82)90114-X","issn":"00456535","usgsCitation":"Rathbun, R.E., Stephens, D.W., and Shultz, D., 1982, Fate of acetone in water: Chemosphere, v. 11, no. 11, p. 1097-1114, https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(82)90114-X.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1097","endPage":"1114","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":221525,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f10e4b0c8380cd53741","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rathbun, R. E.","contributorId":61796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rathbun","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stephens, D. W.","contributorId":68335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephens","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shultz, D.J.","contributorId":60246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shultz","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}