{"pageNumber":"67","pageRowStart":"1650","pageSize":"25","recordCount":1766,"records":[{"id":29771,"text":"wri824020 - 1983 - Effect of urbanization on the water resources of Warminster Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-09T23:14:53.562485","indexId":"wri824020","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"82-4020","title":"Effect of urbanization on the water resources of Warminster Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Rapid suburban development occurred in Warminster Township and the surrounding area after World War II, resulting in a large population dependent on ground water. In 1980, approximately 2.7 billion gallons of ground water was pumped by public water suppliers and government facilities. Pumping wells can cause drawdown as far as 2,500 feet undip, downdip, or along strike even if the wells do not penetrate the same strata. Pumping wells have lowered base flow; a stream-gain-and-loss study showed that water lost from Little Neshaminy Creek was about 60 percent of the water pumped from wells near the stream. Net ground-water infiltration to sewers was about 830 million gallons in 1979, a wet year, and about 250 million gallons in 1980, a dry year. Estimated water budgets for 1979 and 1980 indicate evapotranspiration can range from 20 to 26 inches per year (1.0 to 1.2 million gallons per day per square mile) and recharge can range from 8 to 18 inches per year (0.4 to 0.9 million gallons per day per square mile). In a year with average precipitation (45 inches or 2.1 million gallons per day per square mile), evapotranspiration is about 24 inches (1.1 million gallons per day per square mile). Ground-water development in the area influenced by pumping is at its practical limit for years of average recharge, but as much as 1.1 million gallons per day of additional water may be obtained by drilling and pumping wells in areas of Warminster Township not affected by pumping.\r\n\r\n      The concentration of most dissolved constituents increased in water from seven wells, sampled at the onset of urbanization in 1953 and 1956 and again in 1979. Ground-water contamination by volatile organic compounds, especially trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene, has made water from some wells unsuitable for public supply. The concentration of lead in 26 samples of ground water ranged from 0 to 55 micrograms per liter, with a median of 17 micrograms per liter; this is above the reported national median and the median in nearby Chester County. High concentrations of sulfate and dissolved solids in ground water are probably caused by restricted gournd-water circulation and may be reduced by long-term pumping, which flushes the aquifer. Effluent from sewage treatment plants has degraded the quality of low streamflow.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri824020","usgsCitation":"Sloto, R., and Davis, D., 1983, Effect of urbanization on the water resources of Warminster Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 82-4020, vi, 78 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri824020.","productDescription":"vi, 78 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":424248,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35548.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":58571,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1982/4020/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124906,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1982/4020/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Bucks County","otherGeospatial":"Warminster Township","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.183,\n              40.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.183,\n              40.158\n            ],\n            [\n              -75,\n              40.158\n            ],\n            [\n              -75,\n              40.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.183,\n              40.25\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625428","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sloto, R. A.","contributorId":36155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sloto","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, D.K.","contributorId":107324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":20273,"text":"ofr83543 - 1983 - Streamflow and water-quality data for lake and wetland inflows and outflows in the Twin Cities metropolitan area, Minnesota, 1981-82","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-29T21:05:53.890263","indexId":"ofr83543","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-543","title":"Streamflow and water-quality data for lake and wetland inflows and outflows in the Twin Cities metropolitan area, Minnesota, 1981-82","docAbstract":"<p>A study of runoff to selected lakes was done in the Twin Cities metropolitan area from July 1981 to December 1982. The purpose of the study was to determine differences in nutrient-loading characteristics for lakes with and without wetlands and settling ponds. The study also quantified nutrient loading to lakes on a storm, seasonal, and annual basis, complementing an inlake water-quality study of these lakes done by the Metropolitan Council.</p>\n<p>Discharge and water-quality data were collected periodically during 1981 and continuously during 1982 at 22 sites located in seven lake watersheds Bryant Lake, Lake Elmo, Fish Lake, Lake George, Lake Riley, Spring Lake, and Square Lake. Basin characteristics and land use were determined for each watershed. Recording instruments provided continuous discharge records at 14 sites and continuous rainfall records at six sites. Automatic water-quality samplers were used at lake inlets. The automatic samplers collected samples at 1- to 2-hour intervals during storms. Lake-outlet samples were collected manually on a weekly basis during flow. Samples were analyzed for suspended solids and nutrients. Atmospheric-input data were collected at eight sites from September 23 to November 1, 1982. Discharge and water-quality data were used to calculate storm, seasonal, and annual loads of total suspended solids, volatile suspended solids, total phosphorus, dissolved phosphorus, nitrite-plus-nitrate nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, and ammonia-plus-organic nitrogen.</p>\n<p>All data collected during the study are documented in tables and graphs that contain (1) watershed characteristics and land use; (2) storm concentrations; (3) storm, seasonal, and annual loads; (4) storm hydrographs; (5) atmospheric-input concentrations and loads; (6) storm, seasonal, and annual precipitation totals; and (7) results of quality-assurance tests.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/ofr83543","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Metropolitan Council of the Twin Cities","usgsCitation":"Nelson, L., and Brown, R.G., 1983, Streamflow and water-quality data for lake and wetland inflows and outflows in the Twin Cities metropolitan area, Minnesota, 1981-82: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 83-543, ix, 182 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr83543.","productDescription":"ix, 182 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":49808,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0543/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":409821,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_14097.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":152307,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0543/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Twin Cities metropolitan area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.60496854789335,\n              45.32564700821305\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.60496854789335,\n              44.46539742917852\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.93961890825824,\n              44.46539742917852\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.93961890825824,\n              45.32564700821305\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.60496854789335,\n              45.32564700821305\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4f2e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Luanne","contributorId":67909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Luanne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, R. G.","contributorId":106118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":11565,"text":"ofr83215 - 1983 - Water and streambed-material data, Eagle Creek watershed, Indiana, August 1980-December 1982","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:42","indexId":"ofr83215","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-215","title":"Water and streambed-material data, Eagle Creek watershed, Indiana, August 1980-December 1982","docAbstract":"Water quality studies within the Eagle Creek watershed, Indiana, were done by the U.S. Geological Survey in August 1980, October 1982, and December 1982 in cooperation with the city of Indianapolis, Department of Public Works. Streambed-material and water samples were collected from Finley and Eagle Creeks at various flow rates and were analyzed for selected metals, non-metals, insecticides, and acid-extractable and base-neutral-extractable compounds. Water samples also were analyzed for volatile organics. This report lists all the data collected and analyzed by the U.S. Geological Survey during the 1980 and 1982 surveys but does not interpret the data. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr83215","usgsCitation":"Wangsness, D.J., 1983, Water and streambed-material data, Eagle Creek watershed, Indiana, August 1980-December 1982: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 83-215, 48 p. maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr83215.","productDescription":"48 p. maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":145828,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0215/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":39435,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0215/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa351","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wangsness, David J.","contributorId":81475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wangsness","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":7581,"text":"ofr83287 - 1983 - Trace-element geochemistry of postorogenic granites from the northeastern Arabian Shield, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:49","indexId":"ofr83287","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-287","title":"Trace-element geochemistry of postorogenic granites from the northeastern Arabian Shield, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","docAbstract":"Concentrations determined for all of the trace elements included in this study of postorogenic granites from the northeastern Arabian Shield are best described by log-normal distributions. The trace elements are divided into two groups: (1) compatible lithophile and siderophile elements (strontium, cobalt, scandium, manganese, europium, and titanium) and (2) incompatible lithophile elements (uranium, thorium, tantalum, rubidium, and rare-earth elements, except europium). The compatible elements exhibit greatest concentrations in the metaluminous postorogenic granites, and concentrations decrease with increasing degree of magma evolution. Economic potential for these elements and other geochemically similar elements is considered to be low. The concentrations of the incompatible elements increase with increasing degree of magma evolution and are greatest in the peralkaline and peraluminous granites. There is some geologic evidence that pegmatite and vein-forming processes were operative toward the end stage of postorogenic magmatism in the northeastern Arabian Shield, and therefore there is some probability for economic potential for these elements. It is suggested that such potential is greatest where highly evolved postorogenic granites intruded volatile (generally water )-rich country rocks.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr83287","usgsCitation":"Stuckless, J.S., Knight, R.J., VanTrump, G., and Budahn, J., 1983, Trace-element geochemistry of postorogenic granites from the northeastern Arabian Shield, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 83-287, 37 p. ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr83287.","productDescription":"37 p. ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139919,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0287/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":35041,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0287/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f6e4b07f02db5f1566","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stuckless, John S. 0000-0002-7536-0444 jstuckless@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7536-0444","contributorId":4974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuckless","given":"John","email":"jstuckless@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":156215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knight, R. J.","contributorId":96255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knight","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"VanTrump, G.","contributorId":95869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanTrump","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Budahn, J. R. 0000-0001-9794-8882","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9794-8882","contributorId":83914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budahn","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70011212,"text":"70011212 - 1983 - Petrologic monitoring of 1981 and 1982 eruptive products from Mount St. Helens","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-11-25T16:57:31.369492","indexId":"70011212","displayToPublicDate":"1983-09-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrologic monitoring of 1981 and 1982 eruptive products from Mount St. Helens","docAbstract":"New material from the dacite lava dome of Mount St. Helens, collected soon after the start of each successive extrusion, is subjected to rapid chemical and petrologic analysis. The crystallinity of the dacite lava produced in 1981 and 1982 is 38 to 42 percent, about 10 percent higher than for products of the explosive 1980 eruptions. This increase in crystallinity accompanies a decrease in the ratio of hornblende to hornblende plus orthopyroxene, which suggests that the volatile-rich, crystal-poor material explosively erupted in 1980 came from the top of a zoned magma chamber and that a lower, volatile-poor and crystal-rich region is now being tapped. The major-element chemistry of the dacite lava has remained essentially constant (62 to 63 percent silica) since August 1980, ending a trend of decreasing silica seen in the products of the explosive eruptions of May through August 1980.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.221.4618.1385","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Cashman, K.V., and Taggart, J.E., 1983, Petrologic monitoring of 1981 and 1982 eruptive products from Mount St. Helens: Science, v. 221, no. 4618, p. 1385-1387, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.221.4618.1385.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"1385","endPage":"1387","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220755,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.32291374577194,\n              46.30965046710372\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.32291374577194,\n              46.13060496659935\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.0390350130564,\n              46.13060496659935\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.0390350130564,\n              46.30965046710372\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.32291374577194,\n              46.30965046710372\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"221","issue":"4618","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7813e4b0c8380cd7861c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cashman, K. V.","contributorId":16831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cashman","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taggart, J. E.","contributorId":14829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taggart","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70200535,"text":"70200535 - 1983 - Channels and valleys on Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-23T11:12:50","indexId":"70200535","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T11:12:08","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Channels and valleys on Mars","docAbstract":"<p><span>The discovery of channels, valleys, and related features of aqueous origin on Mars is of profound importance in comparative planetology. Models of the evolution of planetary surfaces and atmospheres must be reconciled with the diversity, abundance, and origins of channels and valleys on Mars. The term “channel” is properly restricted to those Martian troughs that display at least some evidence of large-scale fluid flow on their floors. Outflow channels show evidence of flows emanating from zones of chaotic terrain. The term “valley” applies to those elongate Martian troughs, or systems of troughs, that also appear to have formed by fluid flow, but which lack a suite of bed forms on their floors. The Martian valleys of greatest interest consist of interconnected, digitate networks that dissect extensive areas of heavily cratered uplands on the planet. The diversity of Martian channels and valleys is nearly as great as that of their terrestrial counterparts. Even though polygenetic and highly modified features abound, water was a necessary ingredient in the various channel- and valley-forming processes. The outflow channels involved large-scale fluid flow, entailing as yet unresolved percentages of liquid and solid phases, entrained sediment, and debris flowage. The formation of valley networks required ground water or ground ice, contributing to sapping and various other hillslope phenomena. Channels and valley networks probably require an ancient epoch with surface temperatures and pressures higher than at present. The aqueous formation of channels is release-limited, requiring short-duration floods of immense volumes. The origin of valley networks is perseverance-limited, requiring the maintenance of prolonged seepage and surface flow. Both phenomena are consistent with a thick, ice-rich Martian permafrost formed either during a volatile-rich early epoch or by very effective recycling of planetary water.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1983)94<1035:CAVOM>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Mars Channel Working Group, 1983, Channels and valleys on Mars: GSA Bulletin, v. 94, no. 9, p. 1035-1054, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1983)94<1035:CAVOM>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1035","endPage":"1054","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358669,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mars Channel Working Group","contributorId":209982,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Mars Channel Working Group","id":749399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70011194,"text":"70011194 - 1983 - Methods for detecting the mobility of trace elements during medium-temperature pyrolysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-02T16:57:20.505038","indexId":"70011194","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1709,"text":"Fuel","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methods for detecting the mobility of trace elements during medium-temperature pyrolysis","docAbstract":"<p><span>The mobility (volatility) of trace elements in coal during pyrolysis has been studied for distances of up to 40 cm between the coal and the trace element collector, which was graphite or a baffled solvent trap. Nineteen elements not previously recorded as mobile were detected.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-2361(83)90157-6","issn":"00162361","usgsCitation":"Shiley, R., Konopka, K., Cahill, R., Hinckley, C., Smith, G.V., Twardowska, H., and Saporoschenko, M., 1983, Methods for detecting the mobility of trace elements during medium-temperature pyrolysis: Fuel, v. 62, no. 8, p. 905-907, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(83)90157-6.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"905","endPage":"907","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221511,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a55aae4b0c8380cd6d260","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shiley, R.H.","contributorId":44282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shiley","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Konopka, K.L.","contributorId":11333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konopka","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cahill, R.A.","contributorId":66393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cahill","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hinckley, C.C.","contributorId":50656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinckley","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, Gerard V.","contributorId":93629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Gerard","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Twardowska, H.","contributorId":98038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twardowska","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Saporoschenko, Mykola","contributorId":31905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saporoschenko","given":"Mykola","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70011216,"text":"70011216 - 1983 - Helium isotopic variations in volcanic rocks from Loihi Seamount and the Island of Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-26T21:56:15.70588","indexId":"70011216","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Helium isotopic variations in volcanic rocks from Loihi Seamount and the Island of Hawaii","docAbstract":"Helium isotopic ratios ranging from 20 to 32 times the atmospheric  3He 4He(RA) have been observed in a suite of 15 basaltic glasses from the Loihi Seamount. These ratios, which are up to four times higher than those of MORB glasses and more than twice those of nearby Kilauea, are strongly suggestive of a primitive source of volatiles supplying this volcanism. The Loihi glasses measured span a broad compositional range, and the 3He/4He ratios were found to be generally lower for the alkali basalts than for the tholeiites. The component with a lower  3He 4He ratio appears to be associated with olivine xenocrysts, within which fluid inclusions are probably the carrier of contaminant helium. One Loihi sample has a much lower isotopic ratio (<5 RA), but a combination of low He concentration, high vesicularity, and presence of cracks lined with clay minerals suggests that the low ratio is due to gas loss and contamination by atmospheric helium. Crushing and melting experiments show that for modest vesicularities (<5% by volume) the Loihi glasses obey a MORB-type partitioning trend, but at higher vesicularities the data show considerably more scatter due to volatile mobilization. The high vesicularities, low extrusion pressure and generally low helium concentrations are consistent with a considerable degree of degassing. Analyses of dunites, plus a correlation between total helium concentrations with xenocryst abundances also suggest that xenocrysts are a significant carrier of contaminating (low  3He 4He) helium.  3He 4He ratios from samples of other Hawaiian volcanoes (Kilauea, Mauna Loa, Hualalai, and Mauna Kea) show a smooth decrease in  3He 4He with increasing volcano age and volume. We interpret this to be a synoptic picture of the time evolution of a hot-spot diapir: the earliest stage is characterized by primitive (> 30 RA) helium with some (variable) component of lithospheric contamination added during \"breakthrough\", while the later stages are characterized by a relaxation toward lithospheric  3He 4He ratios (??? 8 RA) due to isolation of the diapir from the mantle below (as the plate moves on), and subsequent mining of the inherited helium and contamination from the surrounding lithosphere. The abrupt contrast in  3He 4He ratios between Kilauea and Loihi, despite their close proximity, is indicative of the small lateral extent of the plume. ?? 1983.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0012-821X(83)90154-1","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Kurz, M., Jenkins, W., Hart, S., and Clague, D., 1983, Helium isotopic variations in volcanic rocks from Loihi Seamount and the Island of Hawaii: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 66, no. C, p. 388-406, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(83)90154-1.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"388","endPage":"406","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220822,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -156.62109374999997,\n              18.812717856407776\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.522705078125,\n              18.812717856407776\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.522705078125,\n              20.354927584117682\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.62109374999997,\n              20.354927584117682\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.62109374999997,\n              18.812717856407776\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"66","issue":"C","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3040e4b0c8380cd5d4a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kurz, M.D.","contributorId":66845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurz","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jenkins, W.J.","contributorId":101385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"W.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hart, S.R.","contributorId":70921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clague, David","contributorId":86388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clague","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70011210,"text":"70011210 - 1983 - Two classes of volcanic plumes on Io","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-11T13:57:31","indexId":"70011210","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Two classes of volcanic plumes on Io","docAbstract":"<p><span>Comparison of Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 images of the south polar region of Io has revealed that a major volcanic eruption occured there during the period between the two spacecraft encounters. An annular deposit ∼1400 km in diameter formed around the Aten Patera caldera (311°W, 48°S), the floor of which changed from orange to red-black. The characteristics of this eruption are remarkably similar to those described earlier for an eruption centered on Surt caldera (338°W, 45°N) that occured during the same period, also at high latitude, but in the north. Both volcanic centers were evidently inactive during the Voyager 1 and 2 encounters but were active sometime between the two. The geometric and colorimetric characteristics, as well as scale of the two annular deposits, are virtually identical; both resemble the surface features formed by the eruption of Pele (255°W, 18°S). These three very large plume eruptions suggest a class of eruption distinct from that of six smaller plumes observed to be continously active by both Voyagers 1 and 2. The smaller plumes, of which Prometheus is the type example, are longer-lived, deposit bright, whitish material, erupt at velocities of ∼0.5 km sec</span><sup>−1</sup><span>, and are concentrated at low latitudes in an equatorial belt around the satellite. The very large Pele-type plumes, on the other hand, are relatively short-lived, deposit darker red materials, erupt at ∼1.0 km sec</span><sup>−1</sup><span>, and (rather than restricted to a latitudinal band) are restricted in longitude from 240° to 360°W. Both direct thermal infrared temperature measurements and the implied color temperatures for quenched liquid sulfur suggest that hot spot temperatures of ∼650°K are associated with the large plumes and temperatures &lt;400°K with the small plumes. The typical eruption duration of the small plumes is at least several years; that of the large plumes appears to be of the order of days to weeks. The two classes therefore differ by more than two orders of magnitude in duration of eruption. Based on uv, visible, and infrared spectra, the small plumes seem to contain and deposit SO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;in their annuli whereas the large plumes apparently do not. Two other plumes that occur at either end of the linear feature Loki may be intermediate or hybrid between the two classes, exhibiting attributes of both. Additionally, Loki occurs in the area of overlap in the regional distributions of the two plume classes. Two distinct volcanic systems involving different volatiles may be responsible for the two classes. We propose that the discrete temperatures associated with the two classes are a direct reflection of sulfur's peculiar variation in viscosity with temperature. Over two temperature ranges (∼400 to 430°K and &gt;650°K), sulfur is a low-viscosity fluid (orange and black, respectively); at other temperatures it is either solid or has a high viscosity. As a result, there will be two zones in Io's crust in which liquid sulfur will flow freely: a shallow zone of orange sulfur and a deeper zone of black sulfur. A low-temperature system driven by SO</span><sub>2</sub><span>heated to 400 to 400°K by the orange sulfur zone seems the best model for the small plumes; a system driven by sulfur heated to &gt;650°K by hot or even molten silicates in the black sulfur zone seems the best explanation for the large plume class. The large Pele-type plumes are apparently concentrated in a region of the satellite in which a thinner sulfur-rich crust overlies the tidally heated silicate lithosphere, so the black sulfur zone may be fairly shallow in this region. The Prometheus-type plumes are possibly confined to the equatorial belt by some process that concentrates SO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;fluid in the equatorial crust.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0019-1035(83)90075-1","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"McEwen, A.S., and Soderblom, L., 1983, Two classes of volcanic plumes on Io: Icarus, v. 55, no. 2, p. 191-217, https://doi.org/10.1016/0019-1035(83)90075-1.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"191","endPage":"217","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220692,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb94ce4b08c986b327bb3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McEwen, A. S.","contributorId":11317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McEwen","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Soderblom, L.A. 0000-0002-0917-853X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0917-853X","contributorId":6139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70011224,"text":"70011224 - 1983 - Explosive activity associated with the growth of volcanic domes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:27","indexId":"70011224","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Explosive activity associated with the growth of volcanic domes","docAbstract":"Domes offer unique opportunities to measure or infer the characteristics of magmas that, at domes and elsewhere, control explosive activity. A review of explosive activity associated with historical dome growth shows that: 1. (1) explosive activity has occurred in close association with nearly all historical dome growth; 2. (2) whole-rock SiO2 content, a crude but widely reported indicator of magma viscosity, shows no systematic relationship to the timing and character of explosions; 3. (3) the average rate of dome growth, a crude indicator of the rate of supply of magma and volatiles to the near-surface enviornment, shows no systematic relationship to the timing or character of explosions; and 4. (4) new studies at Arenal and Mount St. Helens suggest that water content is the dominant control on explosions from water-rich magmas, whereas the crystal content and composition of the interstitial melt (and hence magma viscosity) are equally or more important controls on explosions from water-poor magmas. New efforts should be made to improve current, rather limited techniques for monitoring pre-eruption volatile content and magma viscosity, and thus the explosive potential of magmas. ?? 1983.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Newhall, C.G., and Melson, W., 1983, Explosive activity associated with the growth of volcanic domes: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 17, no. 1-4, p. 111-131.","startPage":"111","endPage":"131","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220964,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e29e4b0c8380cd53318","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Newhall, C. G.","contributorId":93056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newhall","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Melson, W.G.","contributorId":77299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melson","given":"W.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70011419,"text":"70011419 - 1983 - Tin granites of Seward Peninsula, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-03T12:21:11.449223","indexId":"70011419","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tin granites of Seward Peninsula, Alaska","docAbstract":"<div id=\"15238803\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Seven granite plutons, spatially and genetically related to tin metalization, are exposed in a 170-km-long belt across northwestern Seward Peninsula, Alaska. These plutons are cupolas and epizonal composite stocks that consist of several textural varieties of biotite granite, including medium- to coarse-grained seriate biotite granite, porphyritic biotite granite with an aplitic groundmass, and fine- to medium-grained equigranular biotite granite. The common accessory minerals are fluorite, allanite, apatite, and zircon. Other accessory minerals that are locally present include tourmaline, sphene, opaque oxide minerals, and late-forming (deuteric) muscovite and chlorite. The granites range in major-element contents as follows: SiO<sub>2</sub>, 72.5% to 76.6%; A1<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, 12.7% to 14.3%; Na<sub>2</sub>O, 2.9% to 4.0%; K<sub>2</sub>O, 3.9% to 5.6%; and CaO, 0.6% to 1.2%. The sum of FeO + Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>+ MgO ranges from 0.3% to 2.4%; and the K<sub>2</sub>O to Na<sub>2</sub>O ratio from 1.1 to 1.8. The 0.1% to 0.9% F and 0.01% to 0.2% Cl reflect the over-all volatile-rich nature of the granites. The granites contain average or below-average concentrations of Co, Sc, Cr, and Zn, and generally above-average to distinctly high concentrations of Th, U, Hf, and Ta. The large cations emphasize the evolved nature of the granites; the Rb/Sr ratio is as high as 90 in some samples. Initial<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr ratios range from 0.708 to as high as 0.720. The three Rb-Sr isochrons defined by the data agree with K-Ar age determinations and show that the stocks were emplaced during the Late Cretaceous, between about 70 and 80 m.y. ago.</p><p>The field, petrologic, and geochemical data indicate that the plutons had a multistage origin that involved large-scale melting of sialic crust, emplacement of magmas derived from batholithic fractionation at depth, and subsequent evolution of these magmas to generate small volumes of more highly evolved residual magmas. Although evolution of the granite complexes was largely governed by crystal-melt fractionation, some minor-element variations in the highly evolved granites cannot be explained by this process. For example, the distribution of rubidium and the light rare-earths appears to have been influenced by volatile depletion at the final stages of crystallization. The field data, petrologic data, and variation trends, such as distinct shifts toward higher albite contents in the residual granites, suggest that the coexistence of a volatile phase was important in their evolution. These results require that models seeking to explain compositional gradients in high-level granite (rhyolite) systems fully consider the role of a coexisting volatile phase.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1983)94<768:TGOSPA>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hudson, T., and Arth, J.G., 1983, Tin granites of Seward Peninsula, Alaska: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 94, no. 6, p. 768-790, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1983)94<768:TGOSPA>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"768","endPage":"790","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220976,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Seward Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -168.29033380179976,\n              67.03116095038828\n            ],\n            [\n              -168.29033380179976,\n              64.05073366574283\n            ],\n            [\n              -159.85283380179993,\n              64.05073366574283\n            ],\n            [\n              -159.85283380179993,\n              67.03116095038828\n            ],\n            [\n              -168.29033380179976,\n              67.03116095038828\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"94","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb403e4b08c986b32611b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hudson, T.","contributorId":33446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arth, Joseph G.","contributorId":104546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arth","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70011314,"text":"70011314 - 1983 - Gas-film coefficients for streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-26T09:43:34","indexId":"70011314","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2255,"text":"Journal of Environmental Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gas-film coefficients for streams","docAbstract":"Equations for predicting the gas-film coefficient for the volatilization of organic solutes from streams are developed. The film coefficient is a function of windspeed and water temperature. The dependence of the coefficient on windspeed is determined from published information on the evaporation of water from a canal. The dependence of the coefficient on temperature is determined from laboratory studies on the evaporation of water. Procedures for adjusting the coefficients for different organic solutes are based on the molecular diffusion coefficient and the molecular weight. The molecular weight procedure is easiest to use because of the availability of molecular weights. However, the theoretical basis of the procedure is questionable. The diffusion coefficient procedure is supported by considerable data. Questions, however, remain regarding the exact dependence of the film coefficint on the diffusion coefficient. It is suggested that the diffusion coefficient procedure with a 0.68-power dependence be used when precise estimate of the gas-film coefficient are needed and that the molecular weight procedure be used when only approximate estimates are needed.","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1983)109:5(1111)","usgsCitation":"Rathbun, R.E., and Tai, D.Y., 1983, Gas-film coefficients for streams: Journal of Environmental Engineering, v. 109, no. 5, p. 1111-1127, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1983)109:5(1111).","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1111","endPage":"1127","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":221518,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"109","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a14dce4b0c8380cd54bd5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rathbun, R. E.","contributorId":61796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rathbun","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tai, D. Y.","contributorId":59778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tai","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":44519,"text":"wri8215 - 1982 - Organic solutes in ground water at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-15T09:55:09","indexId":"wri8215","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"82-15","title":"Organic solutes in ground water at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory","docAbstract":"In August 1980, the U.S. Geological Survey started a reconnaissance survey of organic solutes in drinking water sources, ground-water monitoring wells, perched water table monitoring wells, and in select waste streams at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL). \n\nThe survey was to be a two-phase program. In the first phase, 77 wells and 4 potential point sources were sampled for dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Four wells and several potential point sources of insecticides and herbicides were sampled for insecticides and herbicides. Fourteen wells and four potential organic sources were sampled for volatile and semivolatile organic compounds. \n\nThe results of the DOC analyses indicate no high level (>20 mg/L DOC) organic contamination of ground water. The only detectable insecticide or herbicide was a DDT concentration of 10 parts per trillion (0.01 microgram per liter) in one observation well. \n\nThe volatile and semivolatile analyses do not indicate the presence of hazardous organic contaminants in significant amounts (>10 micrograms per liter) in the samples taken. \n\nDue to the lack of any significant organic ground-water contamination in this reconnaissance survey, the second phase of the study, which was to follow up the first phase by additional sampling of any contaminated wells, was canceled.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Idaho Falls, ID","doi":"10.3133/wri8215","collaboration":"Prepared on behalf of the U.S. Department of Energy","usgsCitation":"Leenheer, J.A., and Bagby, J.C., 1982, Organic solutes in ground water at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 82-15, iv, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8215.","productDescription":"iv, 39 p.","numberOfPages":"47","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":287226,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1982/0015/report.pdf"},{"id":287227,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1982/0015/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -113.201447,43.348438 ], [ -113.201447,43.903479 ], [ -112.555754,43.903479 ], [ -112.555754,43.348438 ], [ -113.201447,43.348438 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68ad0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leenheer, Jerry A.","contributorId":72420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leenheer","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bagby, Jefferson C.","contributorId":9696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bagby","given":"Jefferson","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":11306,"text":"ofr82835 - 1982 - Determination of the true density of pulverized coal samples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:22","indexId":"ofr82835","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"82-835","title":"Determination of the true density of pulverized coal samples","docAbstract":"A method using the gas-comparison pycnometer with helium gas as the penetrating medium measures precisely the true volume of a pulverized coal sample. The true density of a solid is calculated as the true unit volume of the solid exclusive of its pore space which is divided into the weight of the sample. \r\n\r\nThe method is similar to that used to determine the density of refractory materials but the procedure is modified to yield precise density determinations of coal samples. These modifications diminish effects of trapped moisture and gases on the volume measurement. \r\n\r\nThe helium gas-comparison pycnometer method is rapid, reliable, precise, and requires minimal analytical equipment and sample preparation, and also is non-destructive to the coal sample. Using this method, densities can be determined on coal samples of subbituminous to low-volatile bituminous rank and perhaps also on samples of lignite. The density of anthracite samples has not been determined by this method.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr82835","usgsCitation":"Stanton, R., 1982, Determination of the true density of pulverized coal samples: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-835, 18 p., ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr82835.","productDescription":"18 p., ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143472,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/0835/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":39109,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/0835/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667a44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stanton, R.W.","contributorId":19164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanton","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":10419,"text":"ofr82587 - 1982 - The determination of total volatiles in rocks by loss-on-fusion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:40","indexId":"ofr82587","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"82-587","title":"The determination of total volatiles in rocks by loss-on-fusion","docAbstract":"A fast and accurate technique has been developed for the determination of the total volatile content of rocks. The loss on fusion (LOF) results are comparable to the conventional time-consuming wet-chemical procedure but require no additional effort or cost when conducted as part of the usual sample preparation procedure for quantitative X-ray fluorescence spectrometric analysis (XRF). The technique utilizes the weight loss of the rock when fused with a suitable blend of lithium tetraborate and lithium nitrate. A simple mass balance model is used to represent the thermogravimetric results and to identify the nature of the high temperature mass alteration reactions taking place in the fusion melt. Under the sample preparation conditions used in this study, sulfide appears to be retained quantitatively in the fusion disc sulfate, a phenomenon permitting the determination of sulfide in prepared by a conventional fusion procedure in the form of \r\nrock samples.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr82587","usgsCitation":"Mossotti, V., and King, B., 1982, The determination of total volatiles in rocks by loss-on-fusion: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-587, 23 p., ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr82587.","productDescription":"23 p., ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":145652,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/0587/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":38278,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1982/0587/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db6687ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mossotti, V.G.","contributorId":43785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mossotti","given":"V.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, B.","contributorId":78750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70185630,"text":"70185630 - 1982 - Volatilization of ketones from water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-26T09:56:15","indexId":"70185630","displayToPublicDate":"1982-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volatilization of ketones from water","docAbstract":"<p class=\"Para\">The overall mass-transfer coefficients for the volatilization from water of acetone, 2-butanone, 2-pentanone, 3-pentanone, 4-methyl-2-pentanone, 2-heptanone, and 2-octanone were measured simultaneously with the oxygen-absorption coefficient in a laboratory stirred water bath. The liquid-film and gas-film coefficients of the two-film model were determined for the ketones from the overall coefficients, and both film resistances were important for volatilization of the ketones.</p><p class=\"Para\">The liquid-film coefficients for the ketones varied with the 0.719 power of the molecular-diffusion coefficient, in agreement with the literature. The liquid-film coefficients showed a variable dependence on molecular weight, with the dependence ranging from the −0.263 power for acetone to the −0.378 power for 2-octanone. This is in contrast with the literature where a constant −0.500 power dependence on the molecular weight is assumed.</p><p class=\"Para\">The gas-film coefficients for the ketones showed no dependence on molecular weight, in contrast with the literature where a −0.500 power is assumed.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"D. Reidel Publishing Co","doi":"10.1007/BF00283158","usgsCitation":"Rathbun, R.E., and Tai, D.Y., 1982, Volatilization of ketones from water: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 17, no. 3, p. 281-293, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00283158.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"281","endPage":"293","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338331,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d63041e4b05ec799131123","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rathbun, R. E.","contributorId":61796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rathbun","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tai, D. Y.","contributorId":59778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tai","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70011678,"text":"70011678 - 1982 - Evolution of geothermal fluids deduced from chemistry plots: Yellowstone National Park (U.S.A.)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:31","indexId":"70011678","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evolution of geothermal fluids deduced from chemistry plots: Yellowstone National Park (U.S.A.)","docAbstract":"Large amounts of chemical data, obtained in geothermal fields, may readily be sorted-out by the aid of a simple set of graphs that provide a clear over-all picture and facilitate the understanding of geochemical processes taking place. As a case study, data from several hundred samples of the thermal springs at the well-known Yellowstone National Park are discussed. The pattern obtained seems to indicate: (1) geochemical similarity between the spring groups of Heart Lake, Shoshone, Upper, Midway, Lower and Norris Geyser Basins, i.e., a geochemical uniformity of major spring groups located over 40 km apart; (2) these groups may be described as originating from a common fluid, most resembling the composition of Norris waters, accompanied by CO2, and other volatiles, that react with igneous rocks, forming local variations; (3) the secondary reactions occur at (medium) depth, before the ascent to the surface; (4) extensive concentration-dilution processes occur during the ascent to the surface. The water of the Mammoth group may be described as originating from the same Norris-like fluid that has been diluted (low Na and Cl contents) and intensively reacted with carbonaceous rocks, thus gaining in Ca, Mg, SO4, and HCO3. ?? 1982.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Mazor, E., and Thompson, J., 1982, Evolution of geothermal fluids deduced from chemistry plots: Yellowstone National Park (U.S.A.): Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 12, no. 3-4, p. 351-360.","startPage":"351","endPage":"360","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220853,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d81e4b0c8380cd5306b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mazor, E.","contributorId":18104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazor","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, J. M.","contributorId":77142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"J. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27711,"text":"wri8236 - 1982 - Chemical-quality reconnaissance of the water and surficial bed material in the Delaware River estuary and adjacent New Jersey tributaries, 1980-81","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-07T18:39:53.691423","indexId":"wri8236","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"82-36","title":"Chemical-quality reconnaissance of the water and surficial bed material in the Delaware River estuary and adjacent New Jersey tributaries, 1980-81","docAbstract":"This report presents chemical-quality data collected from May 1980 to January 1981 at several locations within the Delaware River estuary and selected New Jersey tributaries. Samples of surface water were analyzed Environmental Protection Agency ' priority pollutants, ' including acid extractable, base/neutral extractable and volatile organic compounds, in addition to selected dissolved inorganic constituents. Surficial bed material at selected locations was examined for trace metals, insecticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and base/neutral extractable organic compounds. Trace levels (1-50 micrograms per liter) of purgeable organic compounds, particularly those associated with the occurrence of hydrocarbons, were found in about 60% of the water samples taken. DDT, DDD, DDE, PCB 's and chlordane are present in most surficial bed material samples. Diazinon was the only organophosphorous insecticide detected in the study (1.6 micrograms per kilogram at one location). High values for select trace metals in bed material were discovered at two locations. Of the 10 sites sampled, the surficial bed material containing the most contamination was found along one cross section of Raccoon Creek at Bridgeport. An additional analysis of Raccoon Creek revealed bed material containing toluene, oil and grease, and trace quantities of 15 base/neutral extractable organic compounds, including polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, phthalate esters, and chlorinated benzenes.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri8236","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Hochreiter, J.J., 1982, Chemical-quality reconnaissance of the water and surficial bed material in the Delaware River estuary and adjacent New Jersey tributaries, 1980-81: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 82-36, vii, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8236.","productDescription":"vii, 41 p.","numberOfPages":"50","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1980-01-01","temporalEnd":"1981-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158491,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_82_36.gif"},{"id":415449,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35530.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":261852,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri82-36/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":261853,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri82-36/pdf/wrir82-36.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Delaware River estuary","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.55,\n              40.144\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.55,\n              39.9\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.702,\n              39.9\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.702,\n              40.144\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.55,\n              40.144\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dee4b07f02db5e29ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hochreiter, Joseph J. Jr.","contributorId":94345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hochreiter","given":"Joseph","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70011889,"text":"70011889 - 1982 - Properties, origin and nomenclature of rodlets of the inertinite maceral group in coals of the central Appalachian basin, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-24T01:33:25.449322","indexId":"70011889","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Properties, origin and nomenclature of rodlets of the inertinite maceral group in coals of the central Appalachian basin, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"<p>Resin rodlets, sclerenchyma strands and woody splinters, which are collectively called rodlets, were studied by chemical, optical petrographic, and scanning-electron microscopic (SEM) techniques. A study was made of such rodlets from the bituminous coal beds of the central Appalachian basin (Pennsylvanian; Upper Carboniferous) of the United States. Comparisons were made with rodlets from coal beds of the Illinois basin, the Southern Anthracite Field of Pennsylvania, the St. Rose coal field of Nova Scotia, and European and other coal fields. In order to determine their physical and chemical properties, a detailed study was made of the rodlets from the Pomeroy coal bed (high volatile A bituminous coal; Monongahela Formation; Upper Pennsylvanian) of Kanawha County, West Virginia. The origin of the rodlets was determined by a comparative analysis of a medullosan (seed fern) stem from the Herrin (No. 6) coal bed (high volatile C bituminous coal; Carbondale Formation) from Washington County, Illinois. Rodlets are commonly concentrated in fusain or carbominerite layers or lenses in bituminous coal beds of the central Appalachian basin. Most of the rodlets examined in our study were probably derived from medullosan seed ferns. The three types of rodlets are distinguished on the basis of cellularity, morphology and fracture.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0166-5162(82)90019-2","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Lyons, P., Finkelman, R.B., Thompson, C., Brown, F.W., and Hatcher, P.G., 1982, Properties, origin and nomenclature of rodlets of the inertinite maceral group in coals of the central Appalachian basin, U.S.A.: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 1, no. 4, p. 313-346, https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-5162(82)90019-2.","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"313","endPage":"346","numberOfPages":"34","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221263,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8f26e4b0c8380cd7f5d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lyons, P.C.","contributorId":87285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finkelman, R. B.","contributorId":20341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finkelman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, C.L.","contributorId":12189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, F. W.","contributorId":92653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hatcher, Patrick G.","contributorId":93625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatcher","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70011859,"text":"70011859 - 1982 - Composition of estuarine colloidal material: Organic components","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-18T14:28:53.733867","indexId":"70011859","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Composition of estuarine colloidal material: Organic components","docAbstract":"<p><span>Colloidal material in the size range 1.2 nm to 0.4 μm was isolated by ultrafiltration from Chesapeake Bay and Patuxent River waters (U.S.A.). Temperature controlled, stepwise pyrolysis of the freeze-dried material, followed by gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analyses of the volatile products indicates that the primary organic components of this polymer are carbohydrates and peptides. The major pyrolysis products at the 450°C step are acetic acid, furaldehydes, furoic acid, furanmethanol, diones and lactones characteristic of carbohydrate thermal decomposition. Pyrroles, pyridines, amides and indole (protein derivatives) become more prevalent and dominate the product yield at the 600°C pyrolysis step. Olefins and saturated hydrocarbons, originating from fatty acids, are present only in minor amounts. These results are consistent with the composition of Chesapeake phytoplankton (approximately 50% protein, 30% carbohydrate, 10% lipid and 10% nucleotides by dry weight). The pyrolysis of a cultured phytoplankton and natural particulate samples produced similar oxygen and nitrogencontaining compounds, although the proportions of some components differ relative to the colloidal fraction. There were no lignin derivatives indicative of terrestrial plant detritus in any of these samples. The data suggest that aquatic microorganisms, rather than terrestrial plants, are the dominant source of colloidal organic material in these river and estuarine surface waters.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(82)90318-0","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Sigleo, A., Hoering, T., and Helz, G., 1982, Composition of estuarine colloidal material: Organic components: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 46, no. 9, p. 1619-1626, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(82)90318-0.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1619","endPage":"1626","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220795,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f928e4b0c8380cd4d47e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sigleo, A.C.","contributorId":20899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sigleo","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoering, T.C.","contributorId":101011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoering","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Helz, G.R.","contributorId":96823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helz","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70011737,"text":"70011737 - 1982 - Periodic climate change on Mars: Review of evidence and effects on distribution of volatiles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-16T12:26:36.580688","indexId":"70011737","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Periodic climate change on Mars: Review of evidence and effects on distribution of volatiles","docAbstract":"<div id=\"preview-section-abstract\"><div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id4\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id5\"><p>The polar regions of Mars preserve, in both their layering and their topography, a record of recent climate changes. Because of the coincidence of the growth of the northern seasonal cap with global dust storms, dust may be currently accumulating on the northern cap, but conditions at the poles will alternate with the precessional cycle. Deposition is also modulated by changes in eccentricity and obliquity, which interact complexly, affecting initiation of global dust storms, the stability of volatiles at the surface, and global wind regimes. Formation of spiral valleys and low undulations on the surface of the layered deposits may result from prefential sublimation of volatiles on sunward-facing slopes and condensation on the adjacent flats, with the rates also modulated by astronomically caused insolation variations. Lack of impact craters on the surface and lack of interruption of the layers by impact scars suggest that the polar deposits are no more than a few million years old. Older deposits may have been periodically removed, as indicated by etch-pitted terrain at the south pole and by superposition relations around the periphery of the present layered deposits. Evidence of ancient periodic climate changes that occurred before formation of the present layered terrain is fragmentary but includes pedestal craters, parallel moraine-like ridges, and etched ground at high latitudes. Perturbation of the orbital motions also results in adsorption and desorption of volatiles in the regolith, which leads to variations in atmospheric pressure and partial dehydration of the equatorial near-surface materials.</p></div></div></div></div><div id=\"preview-section-introduction\"><br></div><div id=\"preview-section-snippets\"><br></div><div id=\"preview-section-references\"><br></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0019-1035(82)90121-X","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Carr, M.H., 1982, Periodic climate change on Mars: Review of evidence and effects on distribution of volatiles: Icarus, v. 50, no. 2-3, p. 129-139, https://doi.org/10.1016/0019-1035(82)90121-X.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"129","endPage":"139","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480269,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.567.1978","text":"External Repository"},{"id":220786,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7697e4b0c8380cd781dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carr, M. H.","contributorId":84727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":361842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70186167,"text":"70186167 - 1982 - Volatilization of organic compounds from streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-23T17:21:18.600332","indexId":"70186167","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2255,"text":"Journal of Environmental Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volatilization of organic compounds from streams","docAbstract":"<p><span>Mass-transfer coefficients for the volatilization of ethylene and propane were correlated with the hydraulic and geometric properties of seven streams, and predictive equations were developed. The equations were evaluated using a normalized root-mean-square error as the criterion of comparison. The two best equations were a two-variable equation containing the energy dissipated per unit mass per unit time and the average depth of flow and a three-variable equation containing the average velocity, the average depth of flow, and the slope of the stream. Procedures for adjusting the ethylene and propane coefficients for other organic compounds were evaluated. These procedures are based on molecular diffusivity, molecular diameter, or molecular weight. Because of limited data, none of these procedures have been extensively verified. Therefore, until additional data become available, it is suggested that the mass-transfer coefficient be assumed to be inversely proportional to the square root of the molecular weight.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/JEEGAV.0001356","usgsCitation":"Rathburn, R.E., and Tai, D.Y., 1982, Volatilization of organic compounds from streams: Journal of Environmental Engineering, v. 108, p. 973-989, https://doi.org/10.1061/JEEGAV.0001356.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"973","endPage":"989","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338830,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58de1955e4b02ff32c699cdf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rathburn, Ronald E.","contributorId":190187,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rathburn","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tai, D. Y.","contributorId":59778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tai","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70011451,"text":"70011451 - 1982 - Fate of acetone in water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-26T09:59:06","indexId":"70011451","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1226,"text":"Chemosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fate of acetone in water","docAbstract":"<p>The physical, chemical, and biological processes that might affect the concentration of acetone in water were investigated in laboratory studies. Processes considered included volatilization, adsorption by sediments, photodecomposition, bacterial degradation, and absorption by algae and molds. It was concluded that volatilization and bacterial degradation were the dominant processes determining the fate of acetone in streams and rivers.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0045-6535(82)90114-X","issn":"00456535","usgsCitation":"Rathbun, R.E., Stephens, D.W., and Shultz, D., 1982, Fate of acetone in water: Chemosphere, v. 11, no. 11, p. 1097-1114, https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(82)90114-X.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1097","endPage":"1114","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":221525,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f10e4b0c8380cd53741","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rathbun, R. E.","contributorId":61796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rathbun","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stephens, D. W.","contributorId":68335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephens","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shultz, D.J.","contributorId":60246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shultz","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70011663,"text":"70011663 - 1982 - Water-soluble material on aerosols collected within volcanic eruption clouds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-16T15:00:42.55983","indexId":"70011663","displayToPublicDate":"1982-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9107,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research - Oceans","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water-soluble material on aerosols collected within volcanic eruption clouds","docAbstract":"<p><span>In February and March of 1978, filter samplers mounted on an aircraft were used to collect the aerosol fraction of the eruption clouds from three active Guatemalan volcanoes (Fuego, Pacaya, and Santiaguito). The samples were collected on Teflon (Fluoropore) filters with a nominal pore diameter of 0.5μm. The mass of air sampled by the filters ranged from 0.15 to 6.6 kg. The particulate material collected consisted of fragments of angular silicate ash and droplets of what is interpreted as dilute H</span><sub>2</sub><span>SO</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;and HCl. After collection of the samples, each filter was rinsed with 60 ml of distilled-deionized water. Splits of each extract were centrifuged to remove particles greater than or equal to 0.1 μm in diameter, acidified, and analyzed for B, Ba, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Pb, Si, Sr, V, and Zn by inductively coupled plasma—optical emission spectroscopy. Separate splits were analyzed for F and Cl by specific-ion-electrode methods and for U by a fission track technique. The elements dissolved in the aqueous extracts represent components of water-soluble material either formed directly in the eruption cloud or derived from interaction of ash particles and aerosol components of the plume. Calculations of enrichment factors, based upon concentration ratios, showed the elements most enriched in the extracts relative to bulk ash composition were Cd, Cu, V, F, Cl, Zn, and Pb. These elements represent a subset (with the addition of Cl and F) of elements previously reported enriched in atmospheric aerosols in remote regions as well as in volcanic areas. This suggests that some of the enriched elements were widely dispersed as volatile halides emitted from a volcanic source.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JC087iC07p04963","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Smith, D.B., Zielinski, R.A., Rose, W., and Huebert, B., 1982, Water-soluble material on aerosols collected within volcanic eruption clouds: Journal of Geophysical Research - Oceans, v. 87, no. C7, p. 4963-4972, https://doi.org/10.1029/JC087iC07p04963.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"4963","endPage":"4972","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":221606,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"C7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcef3e4b08c986b32e64e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, D. B. davidsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":12840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.","email":"davidsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zielinski, R. A. 0000-0002-4047-5129","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4047-5129","contributorId":106930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zielinski","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":361654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rose, W.I. Jr.","contributorId":25275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"W.I.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Huebert, B.J.","contributorId":6189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huebert","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70012107,"text":"70012107 - 1981 - Composition of the earth's upper mantle-I. Siderophile trace elements in ultramafic nodules","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-28T16:18:02.199665","indexId":"70012107","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Composition of the earth's upper mantle-I. Siderophile trace elements in ultramafic nodules","docAbstract":"<p><span>Seven siderophile elements (Au, Ge, Ir, Ni, Pd, Os, Re) were determined by radiochemical neutron activation analysis in 19 ultramafic rocks, which are spinel lherzollites-xenoliths from North and Central America, Hawaii and Australia, and garnet Iherzolitexenoliths from Lesotho.</span></p><p><span>Abundances of the platinum metals are very uniform in spinel lherzolites averaging 3.4 ± 1.2 ppb Os, 3.7 ± 1.1 ppb Ir, and 4.6 ± 2.0 ppb Pd. Sheared garnet lherzolite PHN 1611 has similar abundances of these elements, but in 4 granulated garnet lherzolites, abundances are more variable. In all samples, the Pt metals retain cosmic ( Cl-chondrite) ratios. Abundances of Au and Re vary more than those of Pt metals, but the Au/Re ratio remains close to the cosmic value. The fact that higher values of Au and Re approach cosmic proportions with respect to the Pt metals, suggests that Au and Re have been depleted in some ultramafic rocks from an initially chondrite-like pattern equivalent to about 0.01 of Cl chondrite abundances. The relative enrichment of Au and Re in crustal rocks is apparently the result of crust—mantle fractionation and does not require a special circumstance of core—mantle partitioning.</span></p><p><span>Abundances of moderately volatile elements Ni, Co and Ge are very uniform in all rocks, and are much higher than those of the highly siderophile elements Au, Ir, Pd, Os and Re. When normalized to Cl chondrites, abundances of Ni and Co are nearly identical, averaging 0.20 ± 0.02 and 0.22 ± 0.02, respectively; but Ge is only 0.027 ± 0.004. The low abundance of Ge relative to Ni and Co is apparently a reflection of the general depletion of volatile elements in the Earth. The moderately siderophile elements cannot be derived from the same source as the highly siderophile elements because of the marked difference in Cl chondrite-normalized abundances and patterns. We suggest that most of the Ni, Co and Ge were enriched in the silicate by the partial oxidation of pre-existing volatile-poor Fe-Ni, whereas the corresponding highly siderophile elements remained sequestered by the surviving metal. The highly siderophile elements may have been introduced by a population of ~10<sup>3</sup>&nbsp;large (~10<sup>22</sup>&nbsp;g) planetisimals, similar to those forming the lunar mare basins.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(81)90209-2","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Morgan, J.W., Wandless, G., Petrie, R., and Irving, A., 1981, Composition of the earth's upper mantle-I. Siderophile trace elements in ultramafic nodules: Tectonophysics, v. 75, no. 1-2, p. 47-67, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(81)90209-2.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"47","endPage":"67","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221930,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"75","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f92ee4b0c8380cd4d4ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morgan, J. W.","contributorId":92384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wandless, G.A.","contributorId":107716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wandless","given":"G.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Petrie, R.K.","contributorId":87266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petrie","given":"R.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Irving, A.J.","contributorId":51022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irving","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
]}